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Juliar BA, Stanaway IB, Sano F, Fu H, Smith KD, Akilesh S, Scales SJ, El Saghir J, Bhatraju PK, Liu E, Yang J, Lin J, Eddy S, Kretzler M, Zheng Y, Himmelfarb J, Harder JL, Freedman BS. Interferon-γ induces combined pyroptotic angiopathy and APOL1 expression in human kidney disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114310. [PMID: 38838223 PMCID: PMC11216883 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated interferon (IFN) signaling is associated with kidney diseases including COVID-19, HIV, and apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) nephropathy, but whether IFNs directly contribute to nephrotoxicity remains unclear. Using human kidney organoids, primary endothelial cells, and patient samples, we demonstrate that IFN-γ induces pyroptotic angiopathy in combination with APOL1 expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and quantitative fluorescence-based assays reveal that IFN-γ-mediated expression of APOL1 is accompanied by pyroptotic endothelial network degradation in organoids. Pharmacological blockade of IFN-γ signaling inhibits APOL1 expression, prevents upregulation of pyroptosis-associated genes, and rescues vascular networks. Multiomic analyses in patients with COVID-19, proteinuric kidney disease, and collapsing glomerulopathy similarly demonstrate increased IFN signaling and pyroptosis-associated gene expression correlating with accelerated renal disease progression. Our results reveal that IFN-γ signaling simultaneously induces endothelial injury and primes renal cells for pyroptosis, suggesting a combinatorial mechanism for APOL1-mediated collapsing glomerulopathy, which can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Juliar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ian B Stanaway
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fumika Sano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; Plurexa, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly D Smith
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Suzie J Scales
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jamal El Saghir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pavan K Bhatraju
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Esther Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Johnson Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennie Lin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harder
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Plurexa, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Yang T, Qi F, Guo F, Shao M, Song Y, Ren G, Linlin Z, Qin G, Zhao Y. An update on chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on metabolic memory. Mol Med 2024; 30:71. [PMID: 38797859 PMCID: PMC11128119 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease, often leads to numerous chronic complications, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality rates. High glucose levels trigger epigenetic modifications linked to pathophysiological processes like inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence and various kinds of cell death. Despite glycemic control, transient hyperglycemia can persistently harm organs, tissues, and cells, a latent effect termed "metabolic memory" that contributes to chronic diabetic complications. Understanding metabolic memory's mechanisms could offer a new approach to mitigating these complications. However, key molecules and networks underlying metabolic memory remain incompletely understood. This review traces the history of metabolic memory research, highlights its key features, discusses recent molecules involved in its mechanisms, and summarizes confirmed and potential therapeutic compounds. Additionally, we outline in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic memory. We hope this work will inform future research on metabolic memory's regulatory mechanisms and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic compounds to prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyue Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhao Linlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Clair G, Soloyan H, Cravedi P, Angeletti A, Salem F, Al-Rabadi L, De Filippo RE, Da Sacco S, Lemley KV, Sedrakyan S, Perin L. The spatially resolved transcriptome signatures of glomeruli in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e165515. [PMID: 38516889 PMCID: PMC11063942 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) to describe the glomerular transcriptomic signatures that may characterize the complex molecular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney disease in Alport syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Our results revealed significant transcriptional heterogeneity among diseased glomeruli, and this analysis showed that histologically similar glomeruli manifested different transcriptional profiles. Using glomerular pathology scores to establish an axis of progression, we identified molecular pathways with progressively decreased expression in response to increasing pathology scores, including signal recognition particle-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane and selenocysteine synthesis pathways. We also identified a distinct signature of upregulated and downregulated genes common to all the diseases investigated when compared with nondiseased tissue from nephrectomies. These analyses using DSP at the single-glomerulus level could help to increase insight into the pathophysiology of kidney disease and possibly the identification of biomarkers of disease progression in glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geremy Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Hasmik Soloyan
- The GOFARR Laboratory, The Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Laith Al-Rabadi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Roger E. De Filippo
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, and
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin V. Lemley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, and
| | - Laura Perin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, and
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Bowen EE, Hurcombe JA, Barrington F, Keir LS, Farmer LK, Wherlock MD, Ortiz-Sandoval CG, Bruno V, Bohorquez-Hernandez A, Diatlov D, Rostam-Shirazi N, Wells S, Stewart M, Teboul L, Lay AC, Butler MJ, Pope RJP, Larkai EMS, Morgan BP, Moppett J, Satchell SC, Welsh GI, Walker PD, Licht C, Saleem MA, Coward RJM. Shiga toxin targets the podocyte causing hemolytic uremic syndrome through endothelial complement activation. MED 2023; 4:761-777.e8. [PMID: 37863058 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in children, with an associated mortality of up to 5%. The mechanisms underlying STEC-HUS and why the glomerular microvasculature is so susceptible to injury following systemic Stx infection are unclear. METHODS Transgenic mice were engineered to express the Stx receptor (Gb3) exclusively in their kidney podocytes (Pod-Gb3) and challenged with systemic Stx. Human glomerular cell models and kidney biopsies from patients with STEC-HUS were also studied. FINDINGS Stx-challenged Pod-Gb3 mice developed STEC-HUS. This was mediated by a reduction in podocyte vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), which led to loss of glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) glycocalyx, a reduction in GEnC inhibitory complement factor H binding, and local activation of the complement pathway. Early therapeutic inhibition of the terminal complement pathway with a C5 inhibitor rescued this podocyte-driven, Stx-induced HUS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study potentially explains why systemic Stx exposure targets the glomerulus and supports the early use of terminal complement pathway inhibition in this devastating disease. FUNDING This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) (grant nos. G0901987 and MR/K010492/1) and Kidney Research UK (grant nos. TF_007_20151127, RP42/2012, and SP/FSGS1/2013). The Mary Lyon Center is part of the MRC Harwell Institute and is funded by the MRC (A410).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bowen
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON MG5 1X8, Canada; University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Hurcombe
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Fern Barrington
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Lindsay S Keir
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Louise K Farmer
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Matthew D Wherlock
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Diatlov
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON MG5 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Robert J P Pope
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Eva M S Larkai
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF144XN. UK
| | - John Moppett
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | | | | | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Bristol Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Bristol Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK.
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5
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Huang HJ, Chou CL, Sandar TT, Liu WC, Yang HC, Lin YC, Zheng CM, Chiu HW. Currently Used Methods to Evaluate the Efficacy of Therapeutic Drugs and Kidney Safety. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1581. [PMID: 38002263 PMCID: PMC10669823 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases with kidney failure or damage, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), are common clinical problems worldwide and have rapidly increased in prevalence, affecting millions of people in recent decades. A series of novel diagnostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered over the past decade, enhancing the investigation of renal dysfunction in preclinical studies and clinical risk assessment for humans. Since multiple causes lead to renal failure, animal studies have been extensively used to identify specific disease biomarkers for understanding the potential targets and nephropathy events in therapeutic insights into disease progression. Mice are the most commonly used model to investigate the mechanism of human nephropathy, and the current alternative methods, including in vitro and in silico models, can offer quicker, cheaper, and more effective methods to avoid or reduce the unethical procedures of animal usage. This review provides modern approaches, including animal and nonanimal assays, that can be applied to study chronic nonclinical safety. These specific situations could be utilized in nonclinical or clinical drug development to provide information on kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tin Tin Sandar
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chien Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Chyła-Danił G, Sałaga-Zaleska K, Kreft E, Stumski O, Krzesińska A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Kuchta A, Jankowski M. Long-Term Effects of Suramin on Renal Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14671. [PMID: 37834118 PMCID: PMC10572378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In short-term diabetes (3 weeks), suramin, a drug used clinically, affects renal function and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), which may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, the main cause of end-stage renal disease. In the present study, we evaluated the long-term (11 weeks) effects of suramin (10 mg/kg, i.p., once-weekly) in diabetic rats. Concentrations of VEGF-A, albumin, soluble adhesive molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1), nucleosomes, and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured by ELISA, total protein was measured using a biuret reagent. Glomerular expression of VEGF-A was evaluated by Western blot, mRNA for VEGF-A receptors in the renal cortex by RT-PCR. The vasoreactivity of the interlobar arteries to acetylcholine was assessed by wire myography. Long-term diabetes led to an increased concentration of VEGF-A, TAT, and urinary excretion of total protein and albumin, and a decrease in the concentration of sVCAM-1. We have shown that suramin in diabetes reduces total urinary protein excretion and restores the relaxing properties of acetylcholine relaxation properties to non-diabetic levels. Suramin had no effect on glomerular expression VEGF-A expression and specific receptors, and on sICAM-1 and nucleosomes concentrations in diabetic rats. In conclusion, the long-term effect of suramin on the kidneys in diabetes, expressed in the reduction of proteinuria and the restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation of the renal arteries, can be considered as potentially contributing to the reduction/slowing down of the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chyła-Danił
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | - Kornelia Sałaga-Zaleska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | - Ewelina Kreft
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | - Olaf Stumski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | - Aleksandra Krzesińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Kuchta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.C.-D.)
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Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Yang S, Xiao X, Feng L. Angiogenesis-An Emerging Role in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14123. [PMID: 37762426 PMCID: PMC10532049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of lymphangiogenesis and fibrotic diseases has made considerable achievements, and accumulating evidence indicates that lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in the process of fibrosis in various organs. Although the effects of lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis disease have not been conclusively determined due to different disease models and pathological stages of organ fibrosis, its importance in the development of fibrosis is unquestionable. Therefore, we expounded on the characteristics of lymphangiogenesis in fibrotic diseases from the effects of lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis, the source of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), the mechanism of fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis, and the therapeutic effect of intervening lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis. We found that expansion of LECs or lymphatic networks occurs through original endothelial cell budding or macrophage differentiation into LECs, and the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR3) pathway is central in fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), as a receptor of LECs, is also involved in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Intervention with lymphangiogenesis improves fibrosis to some extent. In the complex organ fibrosis microenvironment, a variety of functional cells, inflammatory factors and chemokines synergistically or antagonistically form the complex network involved in fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis and regulate the progression of fibrosis disease. Further clarifying the formation of a new fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis network may potentially provide new strategies for the treatment of fibrosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Feng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
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8
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Slayeh OA, Friedman A, Goker-Alpan O. Circulated TGF-β1 and VEGF-A as Biomarkers for Fabry Disease-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2102. [PMID: 37626912 PMCID: PMC10453505 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its metabolite globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb-3). Cardiovascular complications and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the most frequent manifestations of FD. While an echocardiogram and cardiac MRI are clinical tools to assess cardiac involvement, hypertrophic pattern variations and fibrosis make it crucial to identify biomarkers to predict early cardiac outcomes. This study aims to investigate potential biomarkers associated with HCM in FD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β active form (a-TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in 45 patients with FD, categorized into cohorts based on the HCM severity. TGF-β1, a-TGF-β, FGF2, and VEGF-A were elevated in FD. While the association of TGF-β1 with HCM was not gender-related, VEGF was elevated in males with FD and HCM. Female patients with abnormal electrocardiograms but without overt HCM also have elevated TGF-β1. Lyso-Gb3 is correlated with TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and a-TGF-β1. Elevation of TGF-β1 provides evidence of the chronic inflammatory state as a cause of myocardial fibrosis in FD patients; thus, it is a potential marker of early cardiac fibrosis detected even prior to hypertrophy. TGF-β1 and VEGF biomarkers may be prognostic indicators of adverse cardiovascular events in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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9
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Grubczak K, Starosz A, Makowska B, Parfienowicz Z, Krętowska M, Naumnik B, Moniuszko M. The influence of calcitriol and methylprednisolone on podocytes function in minimal change disease in vitro model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12731. [PMID: 37543700 PMCID: PMC10404287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD), considered one of the major causes of nephrotic syndrome, is a complex pathological condition with disturbances in podocytes' foot processes. Numerous studies suggested the essential role of vitamin D3 in maintaining proper glomerulus function. However, the data on direct potential of that compound in reference to podocytes are scarce. Thus, here we assessed the influence of calcitriol (active vitamin D3) on podocyte function, apart from commonly used steroids (methylprednisolone). CIHP-1 podocyte cell line was used to implement the LPS-PAN-induced MCD in vitro model. Viability, podocyte-related slit diaphragm proteins, morphology, function as a barrier was evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and TEER analysis. Calcitriol or methylprednisolone did not affect cell viability. Podocyte-related proteins demonstrated different responses to in vitro treatment compared to previously reported changes in total glomeruli. Podocyte morphology was partially restored in the presence of the tested compounds. In addition, TEER analysis revealed improvement of LPS-PAN-induced cells' function as a barrier when vitamin D3 or steroid was used. In conclusion, a significant potential for modulation of MCD in vitro model podocytes with calcitriol or selected steroids was reported. Further studies on vitamin D3 in context of podocyte-related phenomenon accompanying MCD are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Makowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Parfienowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krętowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Naumnik
- Ist Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
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Pu Y, Ke H, Wu C, Xu S, Xiao Y, Han L, Lyv G, Li S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles target BxPC-3 cells and silence MUC4 for theranostics of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130383. [PMID: 37236323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Mucin 4 (MUC4) acts as pancreatic cancer (PC) tumor antigen and influences PC progression. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are used as a gene-silencing tool to treat a variety of diseases. METHODS We designed a therapeutic probe based on polyetherimide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-SPION) combined with siRNA nanoprobes (PEI-SPION-siRNA) to assess the contrast in MRI. The biocompatibility of the nanocomposite, and silencing of MUC4 were characterized and evaluated. RESULTS The prepared molecular probe had a particle size of 61.7 ± 18.5 nmand a surface of 46.7 ± 0.8mVand showed good biocompatibility in vitro and T2 relaxation efficiency. It can also load and protect siRNA. PEI-SPION-siRNA showed a good silencing effect on MUC4. CONCLUSION PEI-SPION-siRNA may be beneficial as a novel theranostic tool for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. No. 234, Fujiang Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City 637000, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, No. 2 Anji Road, Luojiang District, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Helin Ke
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College. No. 55, Dongshun Road, Gaoping District, Nanchong City 637100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Lyv
- Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College. No. 55, Dongshun Road, Gaoping District, Nanchong City 637100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilin Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China.
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Choi S, Hong SP, Bae JH, Suh SH, Bae H, Kang KP, Lee HJ, Koh GY. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ Drives Alterations in Mesangial Cells through Stabilization of N-Myc in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:809-828. [PMID: 36724799 PMCID: PMC10125647 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are essential to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We show that YAP/TAZ are increased in MCs of patients with DN and two animal models of DN. High glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN. Activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc, one of the Myc family. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and to MC impairments. Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis. BACKGROUND Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are central to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. METHODS Immunolocalization of YAP/TAZ and pathological features of PDGFRβ + MCs were analyzed in the glomeruli of patients with DN, in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, and in Lats1/2i ΔPβ mice. RiboTag bulk-RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles of the isolated MCs from control and Lats1/2iΔPβ mice were performed. Immunoprecipitation analysis and protein stability of N-Myc were performed by the standard protocols. RESULTS YAP and TAZ, the final effectors of the Hippo pathway, are highly increased in MCs of patients with DN and in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Moreover, high glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse model MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN, including excessive proliferation of MCs and extracellular matrix deposition, endothelial cell impairment, glomerular sclerosis, albuminuria, and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Mechanistically, activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc protein, one of the Myc family of oncogenes. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and eventually to MC impairments and DN pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeok Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Suh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bagang N, Gupta K, Singh G, Kanuri SH, Mehan S. Protease-activated receptors in kidney diseases: A comprehensive review of pathological roles, therapeutic outcomes and challenges. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 377:110470. [PMID: 37011708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that protease-activated receptors (PARs) with four subtypes (PAR1-4) are mainly expressed in the renal epithelial, endothelial, and podocyte cells. Some endogenous and urinary proteases, namely thrombin, trypsin, urokinase, and kallikrein released during diseased conditions, are responsible for activating different subtypes of PARs. Each PAR receptor subtype is involved in kidney disease of distinct aetiology. PAR1 and PAR2 have shown differential therapeutic outcomes in rodent models of type-1 and type-2 diabetic kidney diseases due to the distinct etiological basis of each disease type, however such findings need to be confirmed in other diabetic renal injury models. PAR1 and PAR2 blockers have been observed to abolish drug-induced nephrotoxicity in rodents by suppressing tubular inflammation and fibrosis and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, PAR2 inhibition improved autophagy and prevented fibrosis, inflammation, and remodeling in the urethral obstruction model. Only the PAR1/4 subtypes have emerged as a therapeutic target for treating experimentally induced nephrotic syndrome, where their respective antibodies attenuated the podocyte apoptosis induced upon thrombin activation. Strikingly PAR2 and PAR4 subtypes involvement has been tested in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury models. Thus, more studies are required to delineate the role of other subtypes in the sepsis-AKI model. Evidence suggests that PARs regulate oxidative, inflammatory stress, immune cell activation, fibrosis, autophagic flux, and apoptosis during kidney diseases.
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Chyła-Danił G, Sałaga-Zaleska K, Kreft E, Krzesińska A, Herman S, Kuchta A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Lenartowicz M, Jankowski M. Suramin Affects the Renal VEGF-A/VEGFR Axis in Short-Term Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030470. [PMID: 36986570 PMCID: PMC10053825 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for approximately 50% of end-stage renal diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is thought to be a critical mediator of vascular dysfunction in DN, but its role is unclear. The lack of pharmacological tools to modify renal concentrations further hinders the understanding of its role in DN. In this study, rats were evaluated after 3 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and two suramin treatments (10 mg/kg, ip). Vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was evaluated by western blot of glomeruli and immunofluorescence of the renal cortex. RT-PCR for receptors Vegfr1 mRNA and Vegfr2 mRNA quantitation was performed. The soluble adhesive molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) in blood were measured by ELISA and the vasoreactivity of interlobar arteries to acetylcholine was evaluated using wire myography. Suramin administration reduced the expression and intraglomerular localisation of VEGF-A. Increased VEGFR-2 expression in diabetes was reduced by suramin to non-diabetic levels. Diabetes reduced the sVCAM-1 concentrations. Suramin in diabetes restored acetylcholine relaxation properties to non-diabetic levels. In conclusion, suramin affects the renal VEGF-A/VEGF receptors axis and has a beneficial impact on endothelium-dependent relaxation of renal arteries. Thus, suramin may be used as a pharmacological agent to investigate the potential role of VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of renal vascular complications in short-term diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chyła-Danił
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kornelia Sałaga-Zaleska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kreft
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krzesińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuchta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Sousa MS, Meneses GC, van Dam GJ, Corstjens PLAM, Galvão RLDF, Pinheiro MCC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF, Bezerra FSDM. Subclinical signs of podocyte injury associated with Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e0341. [PMID: 36820657 PMCID: PMC9957141 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0341-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effects of schistosomiasis on the glomerulus may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate baseline Schistosoma mansoni-Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) levels and their association with kidney biomarkers related to podocyte injury and inflammation in long-term follow-up after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. METHODS Schistosoma infection was diagnosed by detecting CAA in urine using a quantitative assay based on lateral flow using luminescent up-converting phosphor reporter particles. A cutoff threshold of 0.1 pg/mL CAA was used to diagnose Schistosoma infection (baseline) in a low-prevalence area in Ceará, Northeast, Brazil. Two groups were included: CAA-positive and CAA-negative individuals, both of which received a single dose of PZQ at baseline. Urinary samples from 55 individuals were evaluated before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 3 years after PZQ treatment. At all time points, kidney biomarkers were quantified in urine and adjusted for urinary creatinine levels. RESULTS CAA-positive patients had increased baseline albuminuria and proteinuria and showed greater associations between kidney biomarkers. CAA levels correlated only with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (podocyte injury) levels. Increasing trends were observed for malondialdehyde (oxidative stress), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammation marker), and VEGF. In the follow-up analysis, no relevant differences were observed in kidney biomarkers between the groups and different periods. CONCLUSIONS S. mansoni-infected individuals presented subclinical signs of glomerular damage that may reflect podocyte injury. However, no causal effect on long-term renal function was observed after PZQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Govert Jan van Dam
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rosangela Lima de Freitas Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Elizabeth de Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Schemelzer de Moraes Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
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15
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Ma Y, Deng Y, Li N, Dong A, Li H, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhang M. Network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Schisandra Chinensis Mixture on diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115768. [PMID: 36280016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The inflammatory response plays a critical role in DN. Schisandra Chinensis Mixture (SM) has shown promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of DN while the pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a network pharmacology approach and bioinformatic analysis were adopted to predict the pharmacological mechanisms of SM in DN therapy. Based on the predicted results, molecular docking and in vivo experiments were used for verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the candidate bioactive ingredients of SM were obtained via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and supplementing according to the literature. SM putative targets and the verified targets were acquired from TCMSP and SiwssTartgetPrediction Database. DN-related target genes were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET databases, and microarray data analysis. Biological function and pathway analysis were performed to further explore the pharmacological mechanisms of SM in DN therapy. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen the hub gene. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and the molecular docking simulations were performed to validate the potential target-drug interactions. The fingerprint spectrum of multi-components of the SM was characterized by UPLC-MS/MS. The signaling pathways associated with inflammation and hub genes were partially validated in SD rats. RESULTS A total of 36 bioactive ingredients were contained, and 666 component-related targets were screened from SM, of which 50 intersected with DN targets and were considered potential therapeutic targets. GO analyses revealed that the 50 intersection targets were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response, positive regulation of angiogenesis, and positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) signaling. KEGG analyses indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was considered as the most important pathway for SM antagonism to the occurrence and development of DN, with the highest target count enrichment. PPI network results showed that the top 15 protein targets in degree value, VEGFA, JAK2, CSF1R, NOS3, CCR2, CCR5, TLR7, FYN, BTK, LCK, PLAT, NOS2, TEK, MMP1 and MCL1, were identified as hub genes. The results of ROC analysis showed that VEGFA and NOS3 were valuable in the diagnosis of DN. The molecular docking confirmed that the core bioactive ingredients had well-binding affinity for VEGFA and NOS3. The in vivo experiments confirmed that SM significantly inhibited the over-release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-α in DN rats, while regulating the PI3K-AKT and VEGFA-NOS3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of SM therapeutic DN. SM inhibited the inflammatory response and improved renal pathological damage in DN rats, which was related to the regulation of the PI3K-Akt and VEGFA-NOS3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Na Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ao Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hongdian Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300120, China.
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Fu Z, Zhang S, Gu X, Guan T, Wang C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo H, Wang L, Zhang T. LDP alleviates TKI-induced proteinuria through reversing the expression of RelA in renal tissues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1095344. [PMID: 36744132 PMCID: PMC9892181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1095344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as an important tumor therapy, can induce severe proteinuria that significantly affects anti-tumor therapy. Existing therapies against proteinuria induced by other etiologies are currently ineffective for TKI-induced proteinuria. It has been shown that various types of proteinuria are related to podocyte damage caused by changes in the RelA signaling pathway. Our experiments confirmed that TKIs activate the renal RelA signaling pathway, and induce death of podocytes and destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier. Here we found that Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) attenuated the inflammatory injury of podocytes through inhibiting activation of RelA, and subsequently relieved TKI-related proteinuria and prevented the progression of TMA and FSGS. Our finding indicated that LDP may be effective for the treatment of TKI-induced proteinuria, which is clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengmeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Hua Guo,
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Lu Wang,
| | - Ti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ti Zhang,
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17
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Peng Y, Li B, Li X, Ju T, Zhang Z, Wang P, Sun T, Shu J, Wang M, Sun X, Chen H, Gao C, Xia Z. Glomerular capillary C3 deposition as a risk factor for unfavorable renal outcome in pediatric primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1137375. [PMID: 37025292 PMCID: PMC10070806 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1137375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some patients with primary focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS) demonstrate complement 3 (C3) deposition in glomerular capillary loops (Cap-C3) and/or mesangial area (Mes-C3). The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of C3 deposition remains incompletely investigated, especially in the pediatric cohort. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 264 children of biopsy-proven primary FSGS between January 2003 and December 2020. The correlation between Cap-C3 and renal outcome was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Renal end-point event was defined as the development of end-stage renal disease, death for renal disease, or an estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction by at least 50% from baseline. Results Among the 264 patients, 30 (11.4%) had Cap-C3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with Cap-C3 had significantly lower renal survival rates than patients without Cap-C3 (60.17% vs. 84.71% at 5 years, 39.49% vs. 65.55% at 10 years, P < 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that Cap-C3 was an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome (HR 3.53, 95% CI 1.22-10.19, P = 0.02). Conclusion Glomerular capillary C3 deposition was an independent risk factor for unfavorable renal outcome in children with primary FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Banghai Li
- Department of Medical Insurance Section, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Information, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Shu
- Department of Medical Information, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqiu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Zhengkun Xia Chunlin Gao
| | - Zhengkun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Zhengkun Xia Chunlin Gao
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Shi M, Maique JO, Cleaver O, Moe OW, Hu MC. VEGFR2 insufficiency enhances phosphotoxicity and undermines Klotho's protection against peritubular capillary rarefaction and kidney fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F106-F123. [PMID: 36395384 PMCID: PMC9799155 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptor (VEGFR2) system are crucial for cell functions associated with angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Klotho contributes to vascular health maintenance in the kidney and other organs in mammals, but it is unknown whether renoprotection by Klotho is dependent on VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling. We used heterozygous VEGFR2-haploinsufficient (VEGFR2+/-) mice resulting from heterozygous knockin of green fluorescent protein in the locus of fetal liver kinase 1 encoding VEGFR2 to test the interplay of Klotho, phosphate, and VEGFR2 in kidney function, the vasculature, and fibrosis. VEGFR2+/- mice displayed downregulated VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in the kidney, lower density of peritubular capillaries, and accelerated kidney fibrosis, all of which were also found in the homozygous Klotho hypomorphic mice. High dietary phosphate induced higher plasma phosphate, greater peritubular capillary rarefaction, and more kidney fibrosis in VEGFR2+/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Genetic overexpression of Klotho significantly attenuated the elevated plasma phosphate, kidney dysfunction, peritubular capillary rarefaction, and kidney fibrosis induced by a high-phosphate diet in wild-type mice but only modestly ameliorated these changes in the VEGFR2+/- background. In cultured endothelial cells, VEGFR2 inhibition reduced free VEGFR2 but enhanced its costaining of an endothelial marker (CD31) and exacerbated phosphotoxicity. Klotho protein maintained VEGFR2 expression and attenuated high phosphate-induced cell injury, which was reduced by VEGFR2 inhibition. In conclusion, normal VEGFR2 function is required for vascular integrity and for Klotho to exert vascular protective and antifibrotic actions in the kidney partially through the regulation of VEGFR2 function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research paper studied the interplay of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), high dietary phosphate, and Klotho, an antiaging protein, in peritubular structure and kidney fibrosis. Klotho protein was shown to maintain VEGFR2 expression in the kidney and reduce high phosphate-induced cell injury. However, Klotho cytoprotection was attenuated by VEGFR2 inhibition. Thus, normal VEGFR2 function is required for vascular integrity and Klotho to exert vascular protective and antifibrotic actions in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenny Omega Maique
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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19
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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20
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Zeng L, Yang K, Zhang T, Zhu X, Hao W, Chen H, Ge J. Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102919. [PMID: 36242821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to the phenomenon that the body's immune system produces antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to its own tissues to cause an immune response. Immune disorders caused by autoimmunity can mediate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases have complicated pathogenesis due to the many types of cells involved, and the mechanism is still unclear. The emergence of single-cell research technology can solve the problem that ordinary transcriptome technology cannot be accurate to cell type. It provides unbiased results through independent analysis of cells in tissues and provides more mRNA information for identifying cell subpopulations, which provides a novel approach to study disruption of immune tolerance and disturbance of pro-inflammatory pathways on a cellular basis. It may fundamentally change the understanding of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and develop targeted drugs. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied in autoimmune diseases, which provides a powerful tool for demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity of tissues involved in various immune inflammations, identifying pathogenic cell populations, and revealing the mechanism of disease occurrence and development. This review describes the principles of scRNA-seq, introduces common sequencing platforms and practical procedures, and focuses on the progress of scRNA-seq in 41 autoimmune diseases, which include 9 systemic autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and 32 organ-specific autoimmune diseases (5 Skin diseases, 3 Nervous system diseases, 4 Eye diseases, 2 Respiratory system diseases, 2 Circulatory system diseases, 6 Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas diseases, 2 Gastrointestinal system diseases, 3 Muscle, Bones and joint diseases, 3 Urinary system diseases, 2 Reproductive system diseases). This review also prospects the molecular mechanism targets of autoimmune diseases from the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis combined with single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (such as scRNA-seq, Single cell ATAC-seq and single cell immune group library sequencing), which provides a reference for further exploring the pathogenesis and marker screening of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Wensa Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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21
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Cui S, Yi F. The Growth Factors: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:368-380. [PMID: 36466071 PMCID: PMC9710479 DOI: 10.1159/000526208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney diseases are a prevalent health problem worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of kidney disease, currently there is no satisfactory clinical treatment available to prevent or treat kidney disease. Therefore, strategies to establish early diagnosis, identify the key molecules, and develop novel therapeutic interventions to slow the progression of kidney diseases and reduce their complications are encouraged. SUMMARY The growth factors play a crucial role in the development of kidney diseases. The altered levels of growth factors are usually detected in circulation and urine in the disease course. A growing body of studies has suggested that growth factors, receptors, and related regulators are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the potential applications of growth factors for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in kidney diseases and highlight their performances in clinical trials. KEY MESSAGES Most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting growth factors are still far from clinical implementation. The better understanding of growth factor-regulated pathophysiology and the progress of new intervention approaches are expected to facilitate the clinical translation of growth factor-based diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Li H, Chen A, Dong Z. Inflammation in kidney repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108240. [PMID: 35803367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive kidney repair involves multiple cell types and multifactorial processes, of which inflammation is a key component. In the process of inflammation, there is a bidirectional interplay between kidney parenchymal cells and the immune system. The extensive and complex crosstalk between renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, governs the repair and recovery of the injured kidney. Further research in this field is imperative for the discovery of biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the immune response and inflammation during maladaptive kidney repair, analyzing the interaction between immune cells and intrinsic kidney cells, pointing out the potentialities of inflammation-related pathways as therapeutic targets, and discussing the challenges and future research prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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23
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Koning M, Dumas SJ, Avramut MC, Koning RI, Meta E, Lievers E, Wiersma LE, Borri M, Liang X, Xie L, Liu P, Chen F, Lin L, Luo Y, Mulder J, Spijker HS, Jaffredo T, van den Berg BM, Carmeliet P, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Vasculogenesis in kidney organoids upon transplantation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:40. [DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have potential for disease modeling and to be developed into clinically transplantable auxiliary tissue. However, they lack a functional vasculature, and the sparse endogenous endothelial cells (ECs) are lost upon prolonged culture in vitro, limiting maturation and applicability. Here, we use intracoelomic transplantation in chicken embryos followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced imaging platforms to induce and study vasculogenesis in kidney organoids. We show expansion of human organoid-derived ECs that reorganize into perfused capillaries and form a chimeric vascular network with host-derived blood vessels. Ligand-receptor analysis infers extensive potential interactions of human ECs with perivascular cells upon transplantation, enabling vessel wall stabilization. Perfused glomeruli display maturation and morphogenesis to capillary loop stage. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of vascularization on not only epithelial cell types, but also the mesenchymal compartment, inducing the expansion of ´on target´ perivascular stromal cells, which in turn are required for further maturation and stabilization of the neo-vasculature. The here described vasculogenic capacity of kidney organoids will have to be deployed to achieve meaningful glomerular maturation and kidney morphogenesis in vitro.
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24
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Kidney Injuries and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Diseases Due to Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure Based on Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158492. [PMID: 35955627 PMCID: PMC9369080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth interrupts the development and maturation of the kidneys during the critical growth period. The kidneys can also exhibit structural defects and functional impairment due to hyperoxia, as demonstrated by various animal studies. Furthermore, hyperoxia during nephrogenesis impairs renal tubular development and induces glomerular and tubular injuries, which manifest as renal corpuscle enlargement, renal tubular necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. Preterm birth along with hyperoxia exposure induces a pathological predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries are influenced by several molecular factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and interleukin-6/Smad2/transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; these are key to cell proliferation, tissue inflammation, and cell membrane repair. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress is characterized by the attenuation or the induction of multiple molecular factors associated with kidney damage. This review focuses on the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries to establish a framework for potential interventions.
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25
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Kostovska I, Trajkovska KT, Topuzovska S, Cekovska S, Labudovic D, Kostovski O, Spasovski G. Nephrinuria and podocytopathies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 108:1-36. [PMID: 35659057 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of nephrin in 1998 has launched a new era in glomerular diseases research, emphasizing its crucial role in the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the past 20 years, substantial advances have been made in understanding podocyte structure and function as well as the discovery of several podocyte-related proteins including nephrin. The glomerular filtration barrier is comprised of podocytes, the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells. Podocytes, with their specialized slit diaphragm, form the essential backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier. Nephrin is a crucial structural and functional feature of the slit diaphragm that prevents plasma protein, blood cell and macromolecule leakage into the urine. Podocyte damage results in nephrin release. Podocytopathies are kidney diseases in which podocyte damage drives proteinuria, i.e., nephrotic syndrome. Many kidney diseases involve podocytopathy including congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, collapsing glomerulonephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and preeclampsia. Recently, urinary nephrin measurement has become important in the early detection of podocytopathies. In this chapter, we elaborate the main structural and functional features of nephrin as a podocyte-specific protein, pathomechanisms of podocytopathies which result in nephrinuria, highlight the most commonly used methods for detecting urinary nephrin and investigate the diagnostic, prognostic and potential therapeutic relevance of urinary nephrin in primary and secondary proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.
| | - Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Topuzovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Svetlana Cekovska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Danica Labudovic
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ognen Kostovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
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26
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Pan X. The Roles of Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Kidneys. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050462. [PMID: 35629966 PMCID: PMC9145954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may regulate the normal and pathological function of circulating lipids in the body, and their glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules or large lipoprotein particles from being filtered into pre-urine. Given the permeable nature of the kidneys, renal lipid metabolism plays an important role in affecting the rest of the body and the kidneys. Lipid metabolism in the kidneys is important because of the exchange of free fatty acids and apolipoproteins from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the glomeruli and renal tubules. Indeed, evidence indicates that apolipoproteins have multiple functions in regulating lipid import, transport, synthesis, storage, oxidation and export, and they are important for normal physiological function. Apolipoproteins are also risk factors for several renal diseases; for example, apolipoprotein L polymorphisms induce kidney diseases. Furthermore, renal apolipoprotein gene expression is substantially regulated under various physiological and disease conditions. This review is aimed at describing recent clinical and basic studies on the major roles and functions of apolipoproteins in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA;
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
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27
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Kim JW, Nam SA, Yi J, Kim JY, Lee JY, Park S, Sen T, Choi Y, Lee JY, Kim HL, Kim HW, Park J, Cho D, Kim YK. Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Enhanced the Vascularization and Maturation of Human Kidney Organoids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103526. [PMID: 35322595 PMCID: PMC9130892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have extensive potential for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, the limited vascularization and immaturity of kidney organoids have been still remained to overcome. Extracellular matrix (ECM) can provide mechanical support and a biochemical microenvironment for cell growth and differentiation. Here in vitro methods using a kidney decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogel to culture hPSC-derived kidney organoids, which have extensive vascular network and their own endothelial cells, are reported. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that the vascularized kidney organoids cultured using the kidney dECM have more mature patterns of glomerular development and higher similarity to human kidney than those cultured without the kidney dECM. Differentiation of α-galactosidase A (GLA)-knock-out hPSCs generated using CRISPR/Cas9 into kidney organoids by the culture method using kidney dECM efficiently recapitulate Fabry nephropathy with vasculopathy. Transplantation of kidney organoids with kidney dECM into kidney of mouse accelerates the recruitment of endothelial cells from the host mouse kidney and maintains vascular integrity with the more organized slit diaphragm-like structures than those without kidney dECM. The kidney dECM methodology for inducing extensive vascularization and maturation of kidney organoids can be applied to studies for kidney development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Jawoon Yi
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Korea
| | - Jae Yun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Seo‐Yeon Park
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Tugce Sen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk790‐784Korea
| | - Yoo‐mi Choi
- Department of Convergence IT EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- Department of Companion Animal HealthDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwon16247Korea
| | - Jiwhan Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Cho
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk790‐784Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwon16247Korea
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Pham B, Kwon SM, Castillo DR, Majeed Y, Ahmad S, Hou J, Ganesan L, Mohammad S, Cao H. Late renal toxicity in patient with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib: A case report and literature review. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:1930-1935. [DOI: 10.1177/10781552221092329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine neoplasm. Multimodal therapy including surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and indefinite suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone has led to an 85% cure rate in differentiated thyroid tumors (DTT). Approximately 5–10% of patients will have recurrence or metastases that have the potential to become resistant to RAI treatment. 1 10-year overall survival rates are reported to be 10% in these patients versus 56% in patients with RAI avid disease. 2 Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), was shown to have a 65% overall response rate in addition to a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), approved to treat RAI-resistant DTTs. 3 , 4 Case Report We are reporting a very rare case of late renal toxicity in a 68-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes and metastatic RAI-resistant follicular thyroid carcinoma (Hurthle cell variant) who developed thrombotic microangiopathy 21 months after initiation of treatment. Management & Outcome It was determined that LEN should be held, due to worsening renal function secondary to TKI-induced kidney injury. Although the patient's renal function eventually improved and returned to her baseline after discontinuation of LEN, there was marked disease progression after drug cessation. Discussion Renal toxicity is a rare adverse event (AE) that tends to occur typically within three weeks of initiation of treatment. The utilization of TKIs can lead to glomerulosclerosis, and careful considerations and precautions should be taken by clinicians who intend to initiate TKI therapy in patients with pre-existing diabetes to prevent renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Sue Min Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Dan Ran Castillo
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Yasamin Majeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Sarmad Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Jean Hou
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lakshmi Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Sharif Mohammad
- Department of Nephrology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Huynh Cao
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
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Fu J, Shinjo T, Li Q, St-Louis R, Park K, Yu MG, Yokomizo H, Simao F, Huang Q, Wu IH, King GL. Regenerating glomerular metabolism and function by podocyte pyruvate kinase M2 in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155260. [PMID: 35133981 PMCID: PMC8983139 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) arises from systemic and local changes in glucose metabolism and hemodynamics. We have reported that many glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in renal glomeruli of DN-protected type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Here, mice with PKM2-specific overexpression in podocytes (PPKM2Tg) were generated to uncover its renal protective function as potential therapeutic target, which prevented elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickness and podocyte foot process effacement after 7-months of STZ-induced diabetes. Further, diabetes-induced impairment of glycolytic rate and mitochondrial function were normalized in diabetic PPKM2Tg glomeruli, in concordance with elevated Ppargc1a and Vegf expressions. Restored VEGF expression improved glomerular maximal mitochondrial function in diabetic PPKM2Tg and WT mice. Elevated VEGF levels were observed in the glomeruli of DN-protected patients with chronic type 1 diabetes, and clinically correlated with estimated GFR, but not glycemic control. Mechanistically, the preservations of mitochondrial function and VEGF expression were dependent on tetrameric structure and enzymatic activities of PKM2 in podocyte. These findings demonstrated that PKM2 structure and enzymatic activation in podocytes can preserve entire glomerular mitochondrial function against toxicity of hyperglycemia via paracrine factors such as VEGF and prevent DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc G Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Fabricio Simao
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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Clark AR, Marshall J, Zhou Y, Montesinos MS, Chen H, Nguyen L, Chen F, Greka A. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal Disrupted Kidney Filter Cell-Cell Interactions after Early and Selective Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:281-294. [PMID: 34861215 PMCID: PMC8892500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The health of the kidney filtration barrier requires communication among podocytes, endothelial cells, and mesangial cells. Disruption of these cell-cell interactions is thought to contribute to disease progression in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocyte ablation via doxycycline-inducible deletion of an essential endogenous molecule, CTCF [inducible podocyte-specific CTCF deletion (iCTCFpod-/-)], is sufficient to drive progressive CKD. However, the earliest events connecting podocyte injury to disrupted intercellular communication within the kidney filter remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing of kidney tissue from iCTCFpod-/- mice after 1 week of doxycycline induction was performed to generate a map of the earliest transcriptional effects of podocyte injury on cell-cell interactions at single-cell resolution. A subset of podocytes had the earliest signs of injury due to disrupted gene programs for cytoskeletal regulation and mitochondrial function. Surviving podocytes up-regulated collagen type IV ɑ5, causing reactive changes in integrin expression in endothelial populations and mesangial cells. Intercellular interaction analysis revealed several receptor-ligand-target gene programs as drivers of endothelial cell injury and abnormal matrix deposition. This analysis reveals the earliest disruptive changes within the kidney filter, pointing to new, actionable targets within a therapeutic window that may allow us to maximize the success of much needed therapeutic interventions for CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe R. Clark
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie Marshall
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica S. Montesinos
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Greka
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Address correspondence to Anna Greka, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Blackfan Circle, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02115.
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Jo E, Rhee H. Dabrafenib- and trametinib-associated glomerular toxicity: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28485. [PMID: 35029901 PMCID: PMC8735797 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Combined treatment with dabrafenib, a B-RAF inhibitor, and trametinib, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, is an effective option for patients with metastatic melanoma. A few cases of acute kidney injury associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis and 1 case of nephrotic syndrome have been reported in patients on this drug combination; however, progressive renal injury has not been reported. In this case study, we report a patient with metastatic melanoma who developed glomerular capillary endothelial toxicity and progressive glomerular sclerosis during combination therapy. PATIENT CONCERN Our patient was an 80-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION She was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma and commenced combination therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. OUTCOMES Her renal function progressively deteriorated; by month 20 after treatment commencement, her serum creatinine level had increased from 1.59 to 3.74 mg/dL. The first kidney biopsy revealed marked glomerular and endothelial cell damage. Her medication was stopped, but no improvement was evident. At 5 months after the first biopsy, her serum creatinine level had increased to 5.46 mg/dL; a second kidney biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and marked tubulointerstitial fibrosis. She was started on hemodialysis. LESSONS We describe a patient with a metastatic melanoma who developed progressive kidney failure during treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib. The most prominent microscopy findings were glomerular endothelial damage in the initial kidney biopsy and accelerated glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the follow-up biopsy. We hypothesize that a decreased renal reserve and impairment of kidney repair capacity caused by inhibition of B-RAF, a downstream mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor, may explain the progressive kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Jo
- Department of Nephrology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Rhee
- Department of Nephrology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Pal S, Singh N, Dev I, Sharma V, Jagdale PR, Ayanur A, Ansari KM. TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a crucial role in patulin-induced pro-fibrotic changes in rat kidney via modulation of slug and snail expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115819. [PMID: 34896196 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that contaminates a variety of food and foodstuffs. Earlier in vitro and in vivo findings have indicated that kidney is one of the target organs for PAT-induced toxicity. However, no study has evaluated the chronic effects of PAT exposure at environmentally relevant doses or elucidated the detailed mechanism(s) involved. Here, using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, we delineated the mechanism/s involved in pro-fibrotic changes in the kidney after low-dose chronic exposure to PAT. We found that non-toxic concentrations (50 nM and 100 nM) of PAT to normal rat kidney cells (NRK52E) caused a higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mainly hydroxyl (•OH), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and hypochlorite radical (ClO-). PAT exposure caused the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and its downstream c-Jun/Fos signaling pathways. Moreover, our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis suggested that c-Jun/Fos binds to the promoter region of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and possibly induces its expression. Results showed that PAT-induced TGF-β1 further activates the TGF-β1/smad signaling pathways. Higher activation of slug and snail transcription factors further modulates the regulation of pro-fibrotic molecules. Similarly, in vivo results showed that PAT exposure to rats through gavage at 25 and 100 μg/kg b. wt had higher levels of kidney injury/toxicity markers namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kidney Injury Molecule-1 (Kim-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (Timp-1), and clusterin (CLU). Additionally, histopathological analysis indicated significant alterations in renal tubules and glomeruli along with collagen deposition in PAT-treated rat kidneys. Overall, our data provide evidence of the involvement of ROS mediated MAPKs and TGF-β1/smad pathways in PAT-induced pro-fibrotic changes in the kidney via modulation of slug and snail expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pal
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indra Dev
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Ramji Jagdale
- Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Mahmood Ansari
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Role of Endothelial Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413295. [PMID: 34948091 PMCID: PMC8706765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, as multifunctional hormones, are widely used in the treatment of various diseases including nephrological disorders. They are known to affect immunological cells, effectively treating many autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the potent role of glucocorticoids in non-immune cells such as podocytes. Moreover, novel data show additional pathways and processes affected by glucocorticoids, such as the Wnt pathway or autophagy. The endothelium is currently considered as a key organ in the regulation of numerous kidney functions such as glomerular filtration, vascular tone and the regulation of inflammation and coagulation. In this review, we analyse the literature concerning the effects of endothelial glucocorticoid receptor signalling on kidney function in health and disease, with special focus on hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, glomerulopathies and chronic kidney disease. Recent studies demonstrate the potential role of endothelial GR in the prevention of fibrosis of kidney tissue and cell metabolism through Wnt pathways, which could have a protective effect against disease progression. Another important aspect covered in this review is blood pressure regulation though GR and eNOS. We also briefly cover potential therapies that might affect the endothelial glucocorticoid receptor and its possible clinical implications, with special interest in selective or local GR stimulation and potential mitigation of GC treatment side effects.
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Cohen C, Le Goff O, Soysouvanh F, Vasseur F, Tanou M, Nguyen C, Amrouche L, Le Guen J, Saltel-Fulero O, Meunier T, Nguyen-Khoa T, Rabant M, Nochy D, Legendre C, Friedlander G, Childs BG, Baker DJ, Knebelmann B, Anglicheau D, Milliat F, Terzi F. Glomerular endothelial cell senescence drives age-related kidney disease through PAI-1. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14146. [PMID: 34725920 PMCID: PMC8573606 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the development of glomerular lesions during aging are largely unknown. It has been suggested that senescence might play a role, but the pathophysiological link between senescence and lesion development remains unexplained. Here, we uncovered an unexpected role for glomerular endothelial cells during aging. In fact, we discovered a detrimental cross-talk between senescent endothelial cells and podocytes, through PAI-1. In vivo, selective inactivation of PAI-1 in endothelial cells protected glomeruli from lesion development and podocyte loss in aged mice. In vitro, blocking PAI-1 in supernatants from senescent endothelial cells prevented podocyte apoptosis. Consistently, depletion of senescent cells prevented podocyte loss in old p16 INK-ATTAC transgenic mice. Importantly, these experimental findings are relevant to humans. We showed that glomerular PAI-1 expression was predictive of poor outcomes in transplanted kidneys from elderly donors. In addition, we observed that in elderly patients, urinary PAI-1 was associated with age-related chronic kidney disease. Altogether, these results uncover a novel mechanism of kidney disease and identify PAI-1 as a promising biomarker of kidney dysfunction in allografts from elderly donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cohen
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Océane Le Goff
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Soysouvanh
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Radiobiologie des Expositions Médicale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Marine Tanou
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Lucile Amrouche
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Le Guen
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriana Saltel-Fulero
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tanguy Meunier
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thao Nguyen-Khoa
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Bennett G Childs
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daren J Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Radiobiologie des Expositions Médicale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
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Thomson BR, Liu P, Onay T, Du J, Tompson SW, Misener S, Purohit RR, Young TL, Jin J, Quaggin SE. Cellular crosstalk regulates the aqueous humor outflow pathway and provides new targets for glaucoma therapies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6072. [PMID: 34663817 PMCID: PMC8523664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a severe disease characterized by developmental defects in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC), comprising the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway of the eye. Recently, heterozygous loss of function variants in TEK and ANGPT1 or compound variants in TEK/SVEP1 were identified in children with PCG. Moreover, common variants in ANGPT1and SVEP1 have been identified as risk alleles for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in GWAS studies. Here, we show tissue-specific deletion of Angpt1 or Svep1 from the TM causes PCG in mice with severe defects in the adjacent SC. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of normal and glaucomatous Angpt1 deficient eyes allowed us to identify distinct TM and SC cell populations and discover additional TM-SC signaling pathways. Furthermore, confirming the importance of angiopoietin signaling in SC, delivery of a recombinant ANGPT1-mimetic promotes developmental SC expansion in healthy and Angpt1 deficient eyes, blunts intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and RGC loss in a mouse model of PCG and lowers IOP in healthy adult mice. Our data highlight the central role of ANGPT1-TEK signaling and TM-SC crosstalk in IOP homeostasis and provide new candidates for SC-targeted glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Thomson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pan Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sol Misener
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raj R Purohit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wewers TM, Schulz A, Nolte I, Pavenstädt H, Brand M, Di Marco GS. Circulating Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase in Renal Diseases Other than Preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1853-1863. [PMID: 34155060 PMCID: PMC8455271 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1/sVEGFR1) is a naturally occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature of distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in various diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcus Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Giovana S. Di Marco
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Correspondence: Giovana S. Di Marco, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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37
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Fu J, Yi Z, Cai M, Yuan W, Zhang W, Lee K, He JC. Global transcriptomic changes in glomerular endothelial cells in mice with podocyte depletion and glomerulosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:687. [PMID: 34244474 PMCID: PMC8270962 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier, and its dysfunction and eventual loss drive glomerular disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of podocyte cross-talk with other glomerular cells, such as glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), in both glomerular homeostasis and in disease settings. However, how GECs are affected globally by podocyte injury and loss in disease settings remains unclear. Therefore, to characterize the molecular changes occurring in GECs in response to the podocyte loss, we performed the transcriptomic profiling of isolated GECs after diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated podocyte depletion in transgenic mice with podocyte-specific human DT receptor and endothelial-specific enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression. DT administration led to nearly 40% of podocyte loss with the development of glomerulosclerosis. Differential gene expression analysis of isolated GECs in the diseased mice showed significant changes in pathways related to cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton, proliferation, and angiogenesis, as well as apoptosis and cell death. However, quantification of EYFP + GECs indicated that there was a reduction in GECs in the diseased mice, suggesting that despite the ongoing proliferation, the concomitant injury and the activation of cell death program results in their overall net loss. The upstream regulator analysis strongly indicated the involvement of p53, TGF-β1, and TNF-α as key mediators of the molecular changes occurring in GECs in the diseased mice. Our findings demonstrate significant molecular changes in GECs as a secondary consequence of podocyte loss and provide a valuable resource for further in-depth analysis of potential glomerular cross-talk mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Desposito D, Schiessl IM, Gyarmati G, Riquier-Brison A, Izuhara AK, Kadoya H, Der B, Shroff UN, Hong YK, Peti-Peterdi J. Serial intravital imaging captures dynamic and functional endothelial remodeling with single-cell resolution. JCI Insight 2021; 6:123392. [PMID: 33848265 PMCID: PMC8262275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are important in the maintenance of healthy blood vessels and in the development of vascular diseases. However, the origin and dynamics of endothelial precursors and remodeling at the single-cell level have been difficult to study in vivo owing to technical limitations. Therefore, we aimed to develop a direct visual approach to track the fate and function of single endothelial cells over several days and weeks in the same vascular bed in vivo using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) of transgenic Cdh5-Confetti mice and the kidney glomerulus as a model. Individual cells of the vascular endothelial lineage were identified and tracked owing to their unique color combination, based on the random expression of cyan/green/yellow/red fluorescent proteins. Experimental hypertension, hyperglycemia, and laser-induced endothelial cell ablation rapidly increased the number of new glomerular endothelial cells that appeared in clusters of the same color, suggesting clonal cell remodeling by local precursors at the vascular pole. Furthermore, intravital MPM allowed the detection of distinct structural and functional alterations of proliferating endothelial cells. No circulating Cdh5-Confetti+ cells were found in the renal cortex. Moreover, the heart, lung, and kidneys showed more significant clonal endothelial cell expansion compared with the brain, pancreas, liver, and spleen. In summary, we have demonstrated that serial MPM of Cdh5-Confetti mice in vivo is a powerful technical advance to study endothelial remodeling and repair in the kidney and other organs under physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinne Desposito
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Ina Maria Schiessl
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Anne Riquier-Brison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Audrey K Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
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Taguchi K, Fukami K, Elias BC, Brooks CR. Dysbiosis-Related Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:361. [PMID: 34069405 PMCID: PMC8158751 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern that affects approximately 10% of the global population. CKD is associated with poor outcomes due to high frequencies of comorbidities such as heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Uremic toxins are compounds that are usually filtered and excreted by the kidneys. With the decline of renal function, uremic toxins are accumulated in the systemic circulation and tissues, which hastens the progression of CKD and concomitant comorbidities. Gut microbial dysbiosis, defined as an imbalance of the gut microbial community, is one of the comorbidities of CKD. Meanwhile, gut dysbiosis plays a pathological role in accelerating CKD progression through the production of further uremic toxins in the gastrointestinal tracts. Therefore, the gut-kidney axis has been attracting attention in recent years as a potential therapeutic target for stopping CKD. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) generated by gut microbiota is linked to the progression of cardiovascular disease and CKD. Also, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) not only promote CKD but also cause gut dysbiosis with disruption of the intestinal barrier. This review summarizes the underlying mechanism for how gut microbial dysbiosis promotes kidney injury and highlights the wide-ranging interventions to counter dysbiosis for CKD patients from the view of uremic toxins such as TMAO and AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (B.C.E.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Kei Fukami
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (B.C.E.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (B.C.E.); (C.R.B.)
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40
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Liu D, Ding Q, Dai DF, Padhy B, Nayak MK, Li C, Purvis M, Jin H, Shu C, Chauhan AK, Huang CL, Attanasio M. Loss of diacylglycerol kinase ε causes thrombotic microangiopathy by impairing endothelial VEGFA signaling. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146959. [PMID: 33986189 PMCID: PMC8262293 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of the lipid kinase diacylglycerol kinase ε (DGKε), encoded by the gene DGKE, causes a form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome that is not related to abnormalities of the alternative pathway of the complement, by mechanisms that are not understood. By generating a potentially novel endothelial specific Dgke-knockout mouse, we demonstrate that loss of Dgke in the endothelium results in impaired signaling downstream of VEGFR2 due to cellular shortage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate. Mechanistically, we found that, in the absence of DGKε in the endothelium, Akt fails to be activated upon VEGFR2 stimulation, resulting in defective induction of the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Treating the endothelial specific Dgke-knockout mice with a stable PGE2 analog was sufficient to reverse the clinical manifestations of thrombotic microangiopathy and proteinuria, possibly by suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 through PGE2-dependent upregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Our study reveals a complex array of autocrine signaling events downstream of VEGFR2 that are mediated by PGE2, that control endothelial activation and thrombogenic state, and that result in abnormalities of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxiao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Biswajit Padhy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Can Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Madison Purvis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Heng Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anil K Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Detection of pro angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CKD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8786. [PMID: 33888746 PMCID: PMC8062467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with native and post-transplant chronic kidney disease (CKD). To identify new biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation, we analyzed the proteome of plasma and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in native and post-transplant CKD patients utilizing an aptamer-based assay. Proteins of angiogenesis were significantly higher in native and post-transplant CKD patients versus healthy controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) indicated Ephrin receptor signaling, serine biosynthesis, and transforming growth factor-β as the top pathways activated in both CKD groups. Pro-inflammatory proteins were significantly higher only in the EVs of native CKD patients. IPA indicated acute phase response signaling, insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 pathway activation. These data indicate that pathways of angiogenesis and inflammation are activated in CKD patients' plasma and EVs, respectively. The pathways common in both native and post-transplant CKD may signal similar mechanisms of CVD.
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Wlazlo E, Mehrad B, Morel L, Scindia Y. Iron Metabolism: An Under Investigated Driver of Renal Pathology in Lupus Nephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:643686. [PMID: 33912577 PMCID: PMC8071941 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.643686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephritis is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, a condition associated with inflammation and iron imbalance. Renal tubules are the work horse of the nephron. They contain a large number of mitochondria that require iron for oxidative phosphorylation, and a tight control of intracellular iron prevents excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Iron supply to the kidney is dependent on systemic iron availability, which is regulated by the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Most of the filtered plasma iron is reabsorbed in proximal tubules, a process that is controlled in part by iron regulatory proteins. This review summarizes tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis and current understanding of how renal tubular cells regulate intracellular iron levels, highlighting the role of iron imbalance in the proximal tubules as a driver of tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis. We propose a model based on the dynamic ability of iron to catalyze reactive oxygen species, which can lead to an accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides in proximal tubular epithelial cells. These iron-catalyzed oxidative species can also accentuate protein and autoantibody-induced inflammatory transcription factors leading to matrix, cytokine/chemokine production and immune cell infiltration. This could potentially explain the interplay between increased glomerular permeability and the ensuing tubular injury, tubulointerstitial inflammation and progression to renal failure in LN, and open new avenues of research to develop novel therapies targeting iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wlazlo
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Gu X, Zhang S, Zhang T. Abnormal Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Podocytes Mediates Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040869. [PMID: 33921219 PMCID: PMC8070074 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events associated with the inhibition of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. The proteinuric kidney damage induced by VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is characterized by podocyte foot process effacement. TKI therapy promotes the formation of abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk, which plays a key role in TKI-induced podocyte injury and proteinuric nephropathy. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanism by which the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk mediates podocyte injury and discusses the possible molecules and signal pathways involved in abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk. What is more, we highlight the molecules involved in podocyte injury and determine the essential roles of Rac1 and Cdc42; this provides evidence for exploring the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk in TKI-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ti Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6417-5590
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Suramin enhances the urinary excretion of VEGF-A in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:841-846. [PMID: 33635529 PMCID: PMC8180480 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and P2-receptors (P2Rs) are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The processing of VEGF-A by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) regulates its bioavailability. Since the ATP-induced release of MMP-9 is mediated by P2Rs, we investigated the effect of suramin on VEGF-A excretion in urine and the urinary activity of total MMP and MMP-9. METHODS The effect of suramin (10 mg/kg, ip) on VEGF-A concentration in serum and its excretion in urine was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats over a 21-day period. The rats received suramin 7 and 14 days after a single STZ injection (65 mg/kg, ip). A 24-h collection of urine was performed on the day preceding the administration of STZ and the first administration of suramin and on the day before the end of the experiment. The VEGF-A in serum and urine, albumin in urine, and total activity of MMP and MMP-9 in urine were measured using immunoassays. RESULTS Diabetic rats are characterized by a sixfold higher urinary excretion of VEGF-A. Suramin potentiates VEGF-A urinary excretion by 36% (p = 0.046) in non-diabetic and by 75% (p = 0.0322) in diabetic rats but it did not affect VEGF-A concentration in the serum of non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Urinary albumin excretion as well as total MMP and MMP-9 activity was increased in diabetic rats, but these parameters were not affected by suramin. CONCLUSION Suramin increases the urinary excretion of VEGF-A in normoglycemia and hyperglycaemia, possibly without the involvement of MMP-9. Suramin may be used as a pharmacological tool enhancing VEGF-A urinary secretion.
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Darwish NM, Elnahas YM, AlQahtany FS. Diabetes induced renal complications by leukocyte activation of nuclear factor κ-B and its regulated genes expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:541-549. [PMID: 33424337 PMCID: PMC7783672 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin function. Despite wide progress in genome studies, defects in gene expression for diabetes prognosis still incompletely identified. Prolonged hyperglycemia activates NF-κB, which is a main player in vascular dysfunctions of diabetes. Activated NF-κB, triggers expression of various genes that promote inflammation and cell adhesion process. Alteration of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic gene expression contribute to the irreversible functional and structural changes in the kidney resulting in diabetic nephropathy (DN). To identify the effect of some important NF-κB related genes on mediation of DN progression, we divided our candidate genes on the basis of their function exerted in bloodstream into three categories (Proinflammatory; NF-κB, IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF); (Profibrotic; FN, ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and (Proliferative; MAPK-1 and EGF). We analyzed their expression profile in leukocytes of patients and explored their correlation to diabetic kidney injury features. Our data revealed the overexpression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in DN group when compared to T2D group and were associated positively with each other in DN group indicating their possible role in DN progression. In DN patients, increased expression of proinflammatory genes correlated positively with glycemic control and inflammatory markers indicating their role in DN progression. Our data revealed that the persistent activation NF-κB and its related genes observed in hyperglycemia might contribute to DN progression and might be a good diagnostic and therapeutic target for DN progression. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the potential of these molecules to serve as disease biomarkers.
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Key Words
- 2hPPBG, 2 h post prandial blood glucose.
- ACR, albumin creatinine ratio
- BMI, body mass index.
- DBP, Diastolic blood pressure.
- DN, diabetic nephropathy.
- FBS, fasting blood glucose.
- FN
- HDL, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
- HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin.
- ICAM-1
- IL-1β
- IL-6
- LDL, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
- M, male, F, female.
- NF-κB
- S.Cr, serum creatinine.
- SBP, Systolic blood pressure.
- T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy.
- TC, total cholesterol.
- TGs, Triglyceride.
- TNF-α
- VCAM-1
- VEGF
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein.
- e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Egypt
- Ministry of Health Laboratories, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yousif M. Elnahas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Medical City, Riyadh 24251, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah S. AlQahtany
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 24251, Saudi Arabia
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Bu L, Dai O, Zhou F, Liu F, Chen JF, Peng C, Xiong L. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas, extracts, and compounds promote angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110855. [PMID: 33059257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy is a wide-ranging approach to fighting ischemic diseases. However, compared with anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors, less attention has been paid to therapeutic angiogenesis. Recently, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing interest for its definite curative effect and low toxicity. A growing number of studies have reported that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines exert pro-angiogenic activity, which has been confirmed in a few clinical trials. For comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, global and local databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched using keywords such as "angiogenesis," "neovascularization," "traditional Chinese medicine," "formula," "extract," and "compound." Articles were chosen that are closely and directly related to pro-angiogenesis. This review summarizes the pro-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds; it delivers an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TCM and pro-angiogenesis and will provide new ideas for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ou Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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47
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Zhang A, Fang H, Chen J, He L, Chen Y. Role of VEGF-A and LRG1 in Abnormal Angiogenesis Associated With Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1064. [PMID: 32982792 PMCID: PMC7488177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important public health concern of increasing proportions and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients. It is one of the most common long-term microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by proteinuria and glomerular structural changes. Angiogenesis has long been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of DN, whereas the molecular mechanisms of which are barely known. Angiogenic factors associated with angiogenesis are the major candidates to explain the microvascular and pathologic finds of DN. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1, angiopoietins and vasohibin family signal between the podocytes, endothelium, and mesangium have important roles in the maintenance of renal functions. An appropriate amount of VEGF-A is beneficial to maintaining glomerular structure, while excessive VEGF-A can lead to abnormal angiogenesis. LRG1 is a novel pro-angiogenic factors involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and renal fibrosis in DN. The imbalance of Ang1/Ang2 ratio has a role in leading to glomerular disease. Vasohibin-2 is recently shown to be in diabetes-induced glomerular alterations. This review will focus on current understanding of these angiogenic factors in angiogenesis and pathogenesis associated with the development of DN, with the aim of evaluating the potential of anti-angiogenesis therapy in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huawei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Leyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Youwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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48
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Abstract
Podocytopathies are kidney diseases in which direct or indirect podocyte injury drives proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. In children and young adults, genetic variants in >50 podocyte-expressed genes, syndromal non-podocyte-specific genes and phenocopies with other underlying genetic abnormalities cause podocytopathies associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome or severe proteinuria. A variety of genetic variants likely contribute to disease development. Among genes with non-Mendelian inheritance, variants in APOL1 have the largest effect size. In addition to genetic variants, environmental triggers such as immune-related, infection-related, toxic and haemodynamic factors and obesity are also important causes of podocyte injury and frequently combine to cause various degrees of proteinuria in children and adults. Typical manifestations on kidney biopsy are minimal change lesions and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. Standard treatment for primary podocytopathies manifesting with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions includes glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive drugs; individuals not responding with a resolution of proteinuria have a poor renal prognosis. Renin-angiotensin system antagonists help to control proteinuria and slow the progression of fibrosis. Symptomatic management may include the use of diuretics, statins, infection prophylaxis and anticoagulation. This Primer discusses a shift in paradigm from patient stratification based on kidney biopsy findings towards personalized management based on clinical, morphological and genetic data as well as pathophysiological understanding.
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49
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Koning M, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Stem cell-derived kidney organoids: engineering the vasculature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2257-2273. [PMID: 31807815 PMCID: PMC7275011 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using protocols that resemble the embryonic development of the kidney. The renal structures thus generated offer great potential for disease modeling, drug screening, and possibly future therapeutic application. At the same time, use of these PSC-derived organoids is hampered by lack of maturation and off-target differentiation. Here, we review the main protocols for the generation of kidney organoids from human-induced PSCs, discussing their advantages and limitations. In particular, we will focus on the vascularization of the kidney organoids, which appears to be one of the critical factors to achieve maturation and functionality of the organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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50
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Butt L, Unnersjö-Jess D, Höhne M, Edwards A, Binz-Lotter J, Reilly D, Hahnfeldt R, Ziegler V, Fremter K, Rinschen MM, Helmstädter M, Ebert LK, Castrop H, Hackl MJ, Walz G, Brinkkoetter PT, Liebau MC, Tory K, Hoyer PF, Beck BB, Brismar H, Blom H, Schermer B, Benzing T. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:461-474. [PMID: 32694662 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys constantly filter large amounts of liquid, with almost complete retention of albumin and other macromolecules in the plasma. Breakdown of the three-layered renal filtration barrier results in loss of albumin into urine (albuminuria) across the wall of small renal capillaries, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. However, exactly how the renal filter works and why its permeability is altered in kidney diseases is poorly understood. Here we show that the permeability of the renal filter is modulated through compression of the capillary wall. We collect morphometric data prior to and after onset of albuminuria in a mouse model equivalent to a human genetic disease affecting the renal filtration barrier. Combining quantitative analyses with mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that morphological alterations of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to reduced compressive forces that counteract filtration pressure, thereby resulting in capillary dilatation, and ultimately albuminuria. Our results reveal distinct functions of the different layers of the filtration barrier and expand the molecular understanding of defective renal filtration in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Binz-Lotter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dervla Reilly
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hahnfeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Ziegler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Fremter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena K Ebert
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kálmán Tory
- MTA-SE Lendület Nephrogenetic Laboratory, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- University Children's Hospital, Clinic for Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Blom
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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