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Oelker A, Rumpf HJ, Brand M, Müller SM. Validation of the ACSID-11 for consistent screening of specific Internet-use disorders based on ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder: A multitrait-multimethod approach. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 132:152470. [PMID: 38631271 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the inclusion of gaming disorder in the ICD-11, diagnostic criteria were introduced for this relatively new disorder. These criteria may be applied to other potential specific Internet-use disorders. The 11-item Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) was developed for consistent screening of gaming disorder, online buying-shopping disorder, online pornography-use disorder, social networks-use disorder, and online gambling disorder. This study tested the construct validity of the ACSID-11, including convergent and divergent measures. METHODS The ACSID-11 measures five behavioral addictions with the same set of items by following the principles of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The ACSID-11 was administered to a convenience sample of active Internet users (N = 1597) together with validated and established measures of each specific Internet-use disorder along with screeners for mental health. Included are the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS), the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Berlin Inventory of Gambling behavior - Screening (BIG-S). The ACSID-11 was compared convergently and divergently through a multitrait-multimethod approach along with contingency tables with the other Internet-use disorder screeners. RESULTS The multitrait-multimethod results shows that each behavior assessed with the ACSID-11 has moderate to strong correlations (r's from 0.462 to 0.609) with the scores of the corresponding established measures and, furthermore, positive correlations (r's from 0.122 to 0.434) with measures of psychological distress and further shows that the ACSID-11 can be used for a comprehensive assessment of different behaviors. The contingency tables reveal large divergences between the ACSID-11 and other screening instruments concerning the classification of problematic specific Internet use based on the given cut-off values. CONCLUSION The current work provides additional validation for the ACSID-11. Accordingly, this tool can be considered as reliable and valid for the simultaneous assessment of different Internet-use disorders: gaming disorder, online buying-shopping disorder, online pornography use disorder, social networks use disorder, and online gambling disorder. With a subsequent clinical validation of the scale and the proposed cut-off score, the ACSID-11 will be a thoroughly validated useful screening tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oelker
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance use and related disorders: Treatment, Epidemiology, and Prevention), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Silke M Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
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Wang H, Hou Y, Chen J, Yang X, Wang Y. The Association between Discrepancies in Parental Emotional Expressivity, Adolescent Loneliness and Depression: A Multi-Informant Study Using Response Surface Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3. [PMID: 38864953 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Incongruent perceptions of parental emotional expressivity between parents and adolescents may signify relational challenges, potentially impacting adolescents' socioemotional adjustment. Direct evidence is still lacking and father-adolescent discrepancies are overlooked. This study employed a multi-informant design to investigate whether both mother-adolescent and father-adolescent discrepancies in perceptions of parental expressivity are related to adolescents' mental well-being, specifically focusing on loneliness and depression. Analyzing data from 681 families (mean age of adolescents = 15.5 years old, 51.2% girls, 40% only-children) in China revealed that adolescents tended to perceive paternal and maternal emotional expressivity more negatively than their parents, particularly fathers. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis showed significant links between parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence and adolescent loneliness. (In)Congruence between adolescents and mothers or fathers predicted later adolescent depression, mediated by adolescent loneliness and varied by the dimension of emotional expressivity. These findings provide insights into the roles of mothers' and fathers' emotional expressivity in shaping children's mental well-being during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third People's Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Li Q, Song K, Feng T, Zhang J, Fang X. Machine learning identifies different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:24-35. [PMID: 38844165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and suicidal ideation often co-occur in children and adolescents, yet they possess distinct characteristics. This study sought to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional survey collected data from Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 (N = 160,962; 48.91 % girls). The survey included inquiries about demographics, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, bullying, and being bullied. Fifteen machine learning algorithms were conducted to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we conducted external validation on an independent sample of 1,812,889 children and adolescents. RESULTS Our findings revealed seven related factors linked to depression and six associated with suicidal ideation, with average accuracy rates of 86.86 % and 85.82 %, respectively. For depression, the most influential factors were anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, experience of bullying, and age. Similarly, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, perceived stress, internet addiction, academic burnout, and age emerged as paramount factors for suicidal ideation. Moreover, these related factors showed notable variations in their predictive capacities for depression and suicidal ideation across different subgroups. CONCLUSION Anxiety emerged as the predominant shared factor for both depression and suicidal ideation, whereas the other related factors displayed distinct predictive patterns for each condition. These findings highlight the critical need for tailored strategies from public mental health service providers and policymakers to address the pressing concerns of depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Beijing Mind Data & Analysis Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Jewell JS, Bemis EA, Black JC. Estimating the Prevalence of Using Suspected Counterfeit Medications in the General Population. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00326. [PMID: 38832681 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Counterfeit medications, sometimes referred to as "fake" or falsified drugs or pills, are drugs that are illicitly manufactured but designed to look like legitimate pharmaceuticals. Counterfeit medications are a growing public health concern. This study estimated the prevalence of self-reported use of suspected counterfeit medications by adults in the US and to assess what ingredients these individuals suspected were in the counterfeit medications. METHODS This general population survey, drawn from an online panel, was administered across 2 waves in 2022 (15 April 3 June and 9 September 21 October) to 59,041 adults aged 18 and older. Statistical calibration weighting was used to calculate estimates representative of the national adult population. RESULTS An estimated 1.8% (95% CI 1.7%-1.9%) of respondents, corresponding to approximately 4.6 million adults, suspected past 12-month use of counterfeit medications. Fentanyl was the most commonly suspected ingredient in the counterfeit product (16.1%, 95% CI 12.8%-19.3%). The next most prevalent response was "I don't know" (15.0%, 95% CI 11.0%-18.9%) followed by methamphetamine (14.9%, 95% CI 11.4%-18.4%). CONCLUSIONS These data show the scale of the issue in relation to other well established drug use data points in the US. System-level methods, such as drug scanning software, should be implemented to reduce the likelihood that counterfeit drugs end up in the hands of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Jewell
- From the Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
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Ulger N, Hancer H, Tokgoz-Yilmaz S, Dursun G. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Glottal Function Index. J Voice 2024:S0892-1997(24)00121-8. [PMID: 38714439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comprehensive evaluation is necessary for voice-related complaints, as it can benefit both the patient and physician in busy clinical settings. This study aimed to examine the Turkish adaptation of the Glottal Function Index (GFI-T), which can be quickly administered. STUDY DESIGNS Phase 1 methodological, phase 2 prospective cohort. METHODS This study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, the GFI was translated into Turkish, and its content validity was examined. The GFI-T was administered to 40 participants with voice disorders (M=41.3, SD=10) in the study group and 40 participants without voice disorders (M=37.5, SD=11.3) in the control group. Then GFI-T was readministered 2weeks later. The collected data were used for structural and convergent validity [correlation with Turkish version of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10)], internal consistency, and test-retest reliability analyses. Secondly, 24 participants with vocal nodules were recruited separately from the first phase and were randomly divided into three groups. The first group underwent lax-vox therapy+vocal hygiene, the second group underwent resonance therapy+vocal hygiene, and the third group was provided only with vocal hygiene recommendations. The discriminative ability and construct validity of the GFI-T were examined by comparing pre- and post-assessments. RESULTS The results indicated that the content validity indexes were 0.98 in the experts and 0.99 in the participants. Confirmatory factor analysis of the scale confirmed that a single-factor structure and goodness-of-fit indices were suitable. The GFI-T correlated 0.92 with the Turkish version of the VHI-10. The internal consistency was 0.96, and the test-retest value was 0.99. Significant differences (P < 0.001) and correlations with the Turkish version of VHI-10 were found in intragroup comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The GFI-T is a reliable and valid tool for the self-assessment of voice disorders. The adaptation of this study to the pediatric population is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Ulger
- Department of Audiology and Speech Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hale Hancer
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gursel Dursun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Althagafi A, Dea N, Evaniew N, Rampersaud RY, Jacobs WB, Paquet J, Wilson JR, Hall H, Bailey CS, Weber MH, Nataraj A, Attabib N, Cadotte DW, Phan P, Christie SD, Fisher CG, Manson N, Thomas K, McIntosh G, Charest-Morin R. Pre-operative expectations of patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: An observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00186-4. [PMID: 38679073 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an abundance of literature on degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), little is known about pre-operative expectations of these patients. PURPOSE The primary objective was to describe patient pre-operative expectations. Secondary objectives included identifying patient characteristics associated with high pre-operative expectations and to determine if expectations varied depending on myelopathy severity. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of a prospective multicenter, observational cohort of patients with DCM. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients who consented to undergo surgical treatment between January 2019 and September 2022 were included. OUTCOMES MEASURES An 11-domain expectation questionnaire was completed pre-operatively whereby patients quantified the expected change in each domain. METHODS The most important expected change was captured. A standardized expectation score was calculated as the sum of each expectation divided by the maximal possible score. The high expectation group was defined by patients who had an expectation score above the 75th percentile. Predictors of patients with high expectations were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS There were 262 patients included. The most important patient expectation was preventing neurological worsening (40.8%) followed by improving balance when standing or walking (14.5%), improving independence in everyday activities (10.3%), and relieving arm tingling, burning and numbness (10%). Patients with mild myelopathy were more likely to select no worsening as the most important expected change compared to patients with severe myelopathy (p< 0.01). Predictors of high patient expectations were: having fewer comorbidities (OR -0.30 for every added comorbidity, 95% CI -0.59- -0.10, p= 0.01), a shorter duration of symptoms (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.35-1.19, p= 0.02), no contribution from "failure of other treatments" on the decision to undergo surgery (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.56-2.71, p= 0.02) and more severe neck pain (OR 0.19 for 1 point increase, 95% CI 0.05- 0.37, p= 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Most patients undergoing surgery for DCM expect prevention of neurological decline, better functional status, and improvement in their myelopathic symptoms. Stopping neurological deterioration is the most important expected outcomes by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwalaa Althagafi
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raja Y Rampersaud
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Bradley Jacobs
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jérome Paquet
- Centre de Recherche CHU de Quebec, CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Divisions of Orthopaedic and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamilton Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher S Bailey
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, London Health Science Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael H Weber
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Canada East Spine Centre, Division of Neurosurgery, Zone 2, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David W Cadotte
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philippe Phan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean D Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Division of Neurosurgery, Zone 2, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kenneth Thomas
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphaële Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Asgarizadeh A, Mazidi M, Preece DA, Dehghani M. Construct Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF): Further Evidence From Community and Student Samples. J Pers Assess 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38647207 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2340506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF) in Iran, including testing its measurement invariance across sexes, as well as community and student populations. Two samples were recruited: a community sample of 583 participants (58.7% female; Mage = 33.55) and a university student sample of 409 participants (67.2% female; Mage = 24.48). Besides the DERS-SF, participants completed a battery of instruments online, measuring mentalizing capacity and borderline personality features. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the tenability of the five-factor model, excluding the awareness subscale. Except for the awareness subscale, acceptable to excellent internal consistencies were found for the DERS-SF and its subscales. The awareness-excluded DERS-SF was significantly and strongly associated with relevant constructs (|rs| = .49 to .59). This study also found evidence for configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the DERS-SF across sexes and community and student populations. Our findings extended the evidence for the validity and reliability of the DERS-SF and its awareness-excluded version by administering it in Iranian samples and supporting its cross-cultural applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asgarizadeh
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mazidi
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David A Preece
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mohsen Dehghani
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Hernandez R, Schneider S, Pinkham AE, Depp CA, Ackerman R, Pyatak EA, Badal VD, Moore RC, Harvey PD, Funsch K, Stone AA. Comparisons of Self-Report With Objective Measurements Suggest Faster Responding but Little Change in Response Quality Over Time in Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies. Assessment 2024:10731911241245793. [PMID: 38634454 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241245793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Response times (RTs) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) items often decrease after repeated EMA administration, but whether this is accompanied by lower response quality requires investigation. We examined the relationship between EMA item RTs and EMA response quality. In one data set, declining response quality was operationalized as decreasing correspondence over time between subjective and objective measures of blood glucose taken at the same time. In a second EMA study data set, declining response quality was operationalized as decreasing correspondence between subjective ratings of memory test performance and objective memory test scores. We assumed that measurement error in the objective measures did not increase across time, meaning that decreasing correspondence across days within a person could be attributed to lower response quality. RTs to EMA items decreased across study days, while no decrements in the mean response quality were observed. Decreasing EMA item RTs across study days did not appear problematic overall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin A Depp
- University of California San Diego, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami, FL, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Ozaki K. Detecting inattentive respondents by machine learning: A generic technique that substitutes for the directed questions scale and compensates for its shortcomings. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02407-2. [PMID: 38589674 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Web surveys are often used to collect data for psychological research. However, the inclusion of many inattentive respondents can be a problem. Various methods for detecting inattentive respondents have been proposed, most of which require the inclusion of additional items in the survey for detection or the calculation of variables for detection after data collection. This study proposes a method for detecting inattentive respondents in web surveys using machine learning. The method requires only the collection of response time and the inclusion of a Likert scale, eliminating the need to include special detection items in the survey. Based on data from 16 web surveys, a method was developed using predictor variables not included in existing methods. While previous machine learning methods for detecting inattentive respondents can only be applied to the same surveys as the data on which the models were developed, the proposed model is generic and can be applied to any questionnaire as long as response time is available, and a Likert scale is included. In addition, the proposed method showed partially higher accuracy than existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koken Ozaki
- Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan.
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Schneider J, Striebing C, Hochfeld K, Lorenz T. Establishing circularity: development and validation of the circular work value scale (CWVS). Front Psychol 2024; 15:1296282. [PMID: 38646124 PMCID: PMC11026680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Addressing the lack of German-language instruments, this study aims to develop a questionnaire that enables the measurement of work values. According to the theory of basic human values (Schwartz, 1992), a culturally fitting questionnaire is validated by covering constructs in the four broader dimensions of Social, Prestige, Intrinsic, and Extrinsic work values. Convergent, discriminant and incremental congruent validity are assessed. Method Data were collected in a cross-sectional online-based panel survey. Individuals working more than 20 h per week were included (N = 1,049). Using a genetic algorithm, an economical and valid questionnaire was designed to assess work values. Results The 11 work values are measurable with three items each. They provide a good fit to the data with support for strict measurement invariance. The empirical associations to estimate construct validity overall reflect expected relations to social and individualistic work motives, neuroticism, environmental awareness, and basic values. Furthermore, congruent incremental validity is supported with relations to value congruence of the person-organization fit, and multidimensional scaling supports the assumed theoretical circularity of the work values. Implications This study developed a questionnaire that enables a theory-based valid measurement of work values. The questionnaire allows practitioners to economically collect information about the value structure of employees or applicants. Future research should consider the development of work values over time and investigate whether more distinctive constructs provide a better fit in the nomological network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Schneider
- Center for Responsible Research and Innovation, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Striebing
- Center for Responsible Research and Innovation, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Hochfeld
- Center for Responsible Research and Innovation, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Thériault R, Ben-Shachar MS, Patil I, Lüdecke D, Wiernik BM, Makowski D. Check your outliers! An introduction to identifying statistical outliers in R with easystats. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:4162-4172. [PMID: 38528245 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Beyond the challenge of keeping up to date with current best practices regarding the diagnosis and treatment of outliers, an additional difficulty arises concerning the mathematical implementation of the recommended methods. Here, we provide an overview of current recommendations and best practices and demonstrate how they can easily and conveniently be implemented in the R statistical computing software, using the {performance} package of the easystats ecosystem. We cover univariate, multivariate, and model-based statistical outlier detection methods, their recommended threshold, standard output, and plotting methods. We conclude by reviewing the different theoretical types of outliers, whether to exclude or winsorize them, and the importance of transparency. A preprint of this paper is available at: 10.31234/osf.io/bu6nt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Thériault
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | | | - Indrajeet Patil
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lüdecke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Hwalek M, Pierce K, Straub V. Designing a questionnaire with retrospective pre-post items: Format matters. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 103:102411. [PMID: 38461783 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Evaluators are frequently asked to evaluate educational interventions that are one-time events. The Retrospective Pretest (RPT) methodology is well suited for these circumstances and the evaluation literature is replete with discussions about the pros and cons of this approach. In RPT, program participants rate their attitudes or knowledge now, and also rate how they were before participation in the intervention. The difference between now and before ratings constitutes the measure of change. Little published literature exists about whether the layout of RPT items within the evaluation questionnaire yields different results. This study compared six different layouts using a sample of 1941 caregivers who participated in one of 96 training workshops. The layouts were compared on inattentiveness, unexpected decline in perceived knowledge, and the degree of before-now change. Findings show that design matters. The best performing layout is where items are placed in the center with before response options on the left of the page and the now response options on the right. Results point to the need for evaluators to pay attention to RPT layout, and for the field to establish criteria for assessing survey layout quality. The unexpectedly high rate of inattentiveness calls for evaluators to pay more attention identifying and addressing this in their survey data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hwalek
- SPEC Associates, 18000 West Nine Mile Road, Suite 365, Southfield, MI 48075, USA.
| | - Kate Pierce
- Alzheimer's Association Michigan Chapter, 18000 West Nine Mile Road, Suite 365, Southfield, MI 48075, USA
| | - Victoria Straub
- SPEC Associates, 18000 West Nine Mile Road, Suite 365, Southfield, MI 48075, USA
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Schneider S, Hernandez R, Junghaenel DU, Jin H, Lee PJ, Gao H, Maupin D, Orriens B, Meijer E, Stone AA. Can you tell people's cognitive ability level from their response patterns in questionnaires? Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02388-2. [PMID: 38528247 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Questionnaires are ever present in survey research. In this study, we examined whether an indirect indicator of general cognitive ability could be developed based on response patterns in questionnaires. We drew on two established phenomena characterizing connections between cognitive ability and people's performance on basic cognitive tasks, and examined whether they apply to questionnaires responses. (1) The worst performance rule (WPR) states that people's worst performance on multiple sequential tasks is more indicative of their cognitive ability than their average or best performance. (2) The task complexity hypothesis (TCH) suggests that relationships between cognitive ability and performance increase with task complexity. We conceptualized items of a questionnaire as a series of cognitively demanding tasks. A graded response model was used to estimate respondents' performance for each item based on the difference between the observed and model-predicted response ("response error" scores). Analyzing data from 102 items (21 questionnaires) collected from a large-scale nationally representative sample of people aged 50+ years, we found robust associations of cognitive ability with a person's largest but not with their smallest response error scores (supporting the WPR), and stronger associations of cognitive ability with response errors for more complex than for less complex questions (supporting the TCH). Results replicated across two independent samples and six assessment waves. A latent variable of response errors estimated for the most complex items correlated .50 with a latent cognitive ability factor, suggesting that response patterns can be utilized to extract a rough indicator of general cognitive ability in survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Raymond Hernandez
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
| | - Doerte U Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haomiao Jin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Pey-Jiuan Lee
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
| | - Hongxin Gao
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Danny Maupin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Bart Orriens
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Meijer
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, and Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Baum CM, Fritz L, Low S, Sovacool BK. Public perceptions and support of climate intervention technologies across the Global North and Global South. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2060. [PMID: 38448460 PMCID: PMC10918186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel, potentially radical climate intervention technologies like carbon dioxide removal and solar geoengineering are attracting attention as the adverse impacts of climate change are increasingly felt. The ability of publics, particularly in the Global South, to participate in discussions about research, policy, and deployment is restricted amidst a lack of familiarity and engagement. Drawing on a large-scale, cross-country exercise of nationally representative surveys (N = 30,284) in 30 countries and 19 languages, this article establishes the first global baseline of public perceptions of climate-intervention technologies. Here, we show that Global South publics are significantly more favorable about potential benefits and express greater support for climate-intervention technologies. The younger age and level of climate urgency and vulnerability of these publics emerge as key explanatory variables, particularly for solar geoengineering. Conversely, Global South publics express greater concern that climate-intervention technologies could undermine climate-mitigation efforts, and that solar geoengineering could promote an unequal distribution of risks between poor and rich countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Baum
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Livia Fritz
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Sean Low
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Benjamin K Sovacool
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
- Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex Business School, Jubilee Building, Arts Rd, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL, UK
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Ali KJ, Goeschel CA, Eckroade MM, Carlin KN, Haugstetter M, Shofer M, Rosen MA. The TeamSTEPPS for Improving Diagnosis Team Assessment Tool: Scale Development and Psychometric Evaluation. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2024; 50:95-103. [PMID: 37996307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in three patients is affected by diagnosis-related communication failures. Only a few valid and reliable instruments that measure teamwork and communication exist, and none of those focus on improving diagnosis. The authors developed, refined, and psychometrically evaluated the TeamSTEPPSⓇ for Improving Diagnosis Team Assessment Tool (TAT), which assesses diagnostic teamwork and communication in five critical teamwork domains and can be used to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement and monitor performance. METHODS The TAT was administered as a cross-sectional survey to 360 health professionals across nine diverse US health systems. Content and construct validity were evaluated through pilot implementation and subject matter expert review. Reliability and internal consistency were assessed with Cronbach's alpha. To understand sources of variation in TAT scores and assess the tool's consistency across diverse health care organizations, generalizability theory (G-theory) was used. Best practices in screening for careless responding identified participants with random or nonvarying responses. RESULTS Analyses indicated strong support for the tool. Content validity findings indicated that the TAT encompassed relevant diagnostic improvement teamwork and communication content. Construct validity, evaluated through pilot implementations, demonstrated the tool's effectiveness in assessing teamwork categories. Reliability analyses confirmed the TAT's internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.97. Each dimension of the TAT exhibited good reliability coefficients, ranging from 0.83 to 0.95. G-theory analysis showed that variations in TAT scores were primarily attributed to respondents (28.0%) and scale dimensions (59.6%); both are desirable facets of variation. Further, examination of careless respondents ensured the accuracy and quality of the results, enhancing the TAT's credibility as a valuable diagnostic improvement tool. CONCLUSION Psychometric evaluation demonstrated that the TAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing teamwork and communication among and across diagnostic teams. The TAT adds a novel, evidence-based, psychometrically sound measurement tool to help advance diagnostic teamwork and communication to improve patient care and outcomes.
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Chen C, Chen J. Subjective rather than objective patient death experiences link with physicians' and nurses' professional quality of life. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38221624 PMCID: PMC10789078 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient deaths are impactful events for professional caregivers in both their professional and personal lives. The present study aims to explore how both subjective and objective patient death experiences are related to various aspects of professional quality of life (ProQOL) among physicians and nurses. METHODS Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data were conducted, and 306 Chinese physicians and nurses whose most recent patient death experience was more than one month prior were included. Objective and subjective patient death experiences were measured based on the number of past patient deaths and the Accumulated Global Changes (AGC) subscale of the Professional Bereavement Scale, respectively. ProQOL was measured with the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Regressions were run following bivariate analyses. RESULTS The number of past patient deaths was not significantly linked with any of the three ProQOL scores in either the bivariate analyses or regressions. Meanwhile, higher AGC scores were associated with higher burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction scores after participants' age, occupation (physician/nurse), department, work experience, job commitment, and sense of mission were controlled. CONCLUSION Subjective rather than objective past patient death experiences link significantly with all three aspects of physicians' and nurses' ProQOL. The more professional caregivers think that they have been changed by all past patient deaths in their career, the more they experience burnout and secondary traumatic stress, but, the more satisfied they are with their job and the helping itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqian Chen
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Tower B, Humanities Building, Jiulonghu Campus, 211189, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jieling Chen
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Galliker S, Igic I, Semmer NK, Elfering A. Stress at Work and Well-being Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study in Switzerland. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:56-70. [PMID: 37853654 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to analyze the development of conditions at work and health-related variables (notably exhaustion) in Switzerland longitudinally before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from a population-based sample of 1,553 employees in February 2020 and 1 year later. Health and well-being associated with ( a ) working conditions in general and ( b ) COVID-19-specific predictors such as worries about being infected and conditions for working at home were analyzed using analysis of (co)variance and multiple regression. RESULTS Conditions at work and well-being were stable overall, even indicating slight improvements, notably for men compared with women. Both an index representing stressors and resources at work in general (Job Stress Index) and a COVID-19-related demand index showed consistent effects on health and the effect of COVID-19-related demands was stronger if the Job Stress Index deteriorated than when it improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Galliker
- From the Institute of Psychology, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.G., I.I., N.K.S., A.E.); Leadership and Communication Study, Military Academy, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (I.I.); and National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, CISA, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (N.K.S., A.E.)
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Concannon AB, Ruchensky JR, Donnellan MB, Edens JF. Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised. Assessment 2023; 30:2616-2625. [PMID: 36859786 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231157620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent or careless responding is a significant threat to the validity of self-reported personality data. Using archival samples of undergraduate and community participants, we developed an inconsistent responding scale using items that appear on both the 60- and 100-item versions of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised-two widely used measures of the HEXACO model of personality trait structure. We identified pairs of correlated HEXACO items in Sample 1 and created a total inconsistent responding score by summing absolute differences between each item pair. The Brief Response Inconsistency Evaluation (BRIE) for the HEXACO effectively differentiated between genuine and randomly generated responses across samples. The BRIE also correlated as expected with other measures of careless responding and relevant personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness). Tentative cut scores for the BRIE that appear to provide a reasonable balance between sensitivity and specificity in Sample 1 were investigated. Future research should examine the BRIE with different populations and translations of the HEXACO inventories and further investigate the effectiveness of the recommended cut scores.
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Wei M, Liu J, Wang S, Wang X, Liu H, Ma Q, Wang J, Shi W. Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Zygophyllum loczyi in Northwest China's Deserts Based on the Resequencing of the Genome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2152. [PMID: 38136974 PMCID: PMC10742952 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the genetics of local adaptation in all main deserts of northwest China, whole genomes of 169 individuals were resequenced, which covers 20 populations of Zygophyllum loczyi (Zygophyllales: Zygophylaceae). We describe more than 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and numerous InDels. The expected heterozygosity and PIC values associated with local adaptation varied significantly across biogeographic regions. Variation in environmental factors contributes largely to the population genetic structure of Z. loczyi. Bayesian analysis performed with STRUCTURE defined four genetic clusters, while the results of principle component analysis were similar. Our results shows that the Qaidam Desert group appears to be diverging into two branches characterized by significant geographic separation and gene flow with two neighboring deserts. Geological data assume that it is possible that the Taklamakan Desert was the original distribution site, and Z. loczyi could have migrated later on and expanded within other desert areas. The above findings provide insights into the processes involved in biogeography, phylogeny, and differentiation within the northwest deserts of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable, Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingdian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable, Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Suoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Q.M.)
| | - Xiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable, Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Haisuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Q.M.)
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable, Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable, Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830011, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
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Anvari F, Rensing NZ, Kalokerinos EK, Lucas RE, Schneider IK. Assessing Validity and Bias of Within-Person Variability in Affect and Personality. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231208499. [PMID: 37991205 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231208499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Within-person variability in affect (e.g., Neuroticism) and personality have been linked to well-being. These are measured either by asking people to report how variable they are or to give multiple reports on the construct and calculating a within-person standard deviation adjusted for confounding by the person-level mean. The two measures are weakly correlated with one another and the links of variability with well-being depend on which measure researchers use. Recent research suggests that people's repeated ratings may be biased by response styles. In a 7-day study (N = 399) with up to five measurements per day, we confirmed that the measures of variability lacked sufficient convergent validity to be used interchangeably. We found only 1 significant correlation (of 10) between variability in repeated ratings of affect or personality and variability in repeated ratings of a theoretically unrelated construct (i.e., features of images). There was very little evidence supporting the response styles hypothesis.
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Liang C, Liu J, Gao Y, Liu X. Developmental Pathway from Childhood Abuse to Adolescent Peer Victimization: The Role of Rejection Sensitivity and Aggression. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2370-2383. [PMID: 37561289 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established relationship between early experiences of victimization and later re-victimization, little is known about the exact mechanism of this cycle of victimization. The present study examined whether the route from rejection sensitivity to aggression mediates the associations between different forms of childhood abuse and later peer victimization longitudinally. A total of 3525 adolescents (56.6% male; Mage = 13.21 ± 0.85) participated in this three-wave study, with a 6-month lag and a 9-month lag respectively. The results indicated that the association between childhood emotional abuse and peer victimization were independently mediated by aggression, and sequentially mediated by rejection sensitivity and aggression in both sexes. Sex differences existed regarding the association between childhood physical abuse and aggression, such that only in adolescent boys did physical abuse show significant effect on aggression, resulting in later peer victimization. In general, these findings suggest that maladaptive social-cognitive processes and behavioral patterns are crucial for understanding the mechanism of the vicious cycle of victimization, and sex differences must be considered when examining different types of childhood abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Liang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Schlechter P, König M, McNally RJ, Morina N. Crying over spilled milk? A network analysis of aversive well-being comparison, brooding rumination and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:520-530. [PMID: 37467791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative thinking about one's well-being is ubiquitous. Comparisons that threaten an individual's self-motives are aversive and interact with rumination and depression. Aversive well-being comparisons include upward social, past temporal, counterfactual, and criteria-based comparisons, as well as downward prospective temporal comparisons. Although the frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive comparison total scores have been associated with brooding rumination and depression, no study has investigated the interaction of specific comparison standards (e.g., social or counterfactual) with symptom cascades of brooding and depressive symptoms. METHODS To examine this interaction, we conducted network analyses on the interplay between aversive well-being comparisons, brooding rumination, and depression. Specifically, we conducted a cross-sectional study in N = 500 dysphoric individuals and a longitudinal study in N = 921 participants at two timepoints, three months apart. Participants completed measures of depression, brooding, and the Comparison Standards Scale for Well-being, which assessed the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive well-being comparisons. RESULTS Feelings of worthlessness emerged as the most central attribute in the networks of the dysphoric sample. Longitudinally, brooding and depressive symptoms predicted aversive comparisons, but not the other way around, which accounted for social and other-referent counterfactual comparisons to a greater degree than for other comparison types. LIMITATIONS We used nonclinical samples. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the critical role of comparison standards in depression. Further research is warranted to detect potential intervention targets for mitigating negative effects of negative self-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meret König
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Richard J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States of America
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Kopitar L, Stiglic G. Using heterogeneous sources of data and interpretability of prediction models to explain the characteristics of careless respondents in survey data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13417. [PMID: 37591974 PMCID: PMC10435557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to further processing, completed questionnaires must be screened for the presence of careless respondents. Different people will respond to surveys in different ways. Some take the easy path and fill out the survey carelessly. The proportion of careless respondents determines the survey's quality. As a result, identifying careless respondents is critical for the quality of obtained results. This study aims to explore the characteristics of careless respondents in survey data and evaluate the predictive power and interpretability of different types of data and indices of careless responding. The research question focuses on understanding the behavior of careless respondents and determining the effectiveness of various data sources in predicting their responses. Data from a three-month web-based survey on participants' personality traits such as honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience was used in this study. Data for this study was taken from Schroeders et al.. The gradient boosting machine-based prediction model uses data from the answers, time spent for answering, demographic information on the respondents as well as some indices of careless responding from all three types of data. Prediction models were evaluated with tenfold cross-validation repeated a hundred times. Prediction models were compared based on balanced accuracy. Models' explanations were provided with Shapley values. Compared with existing work, data fusion from multiple types of information had no noticeable effect on the performance of the gradient boosting machine model. Variables such as "I would never take a bribe, even if it was a lot", average longstring, and total intra-individual response variability were found to be useful in distinguishing careless respondents. However, variables like "I would be tempted to use counterfeit money if I could get away with it" and intra-individual response variability of the first section of a survey showed limited effectiveness. Additionally, this study indicated that, whereas the psychometric synonym score has an immediate effect and is designed with the goal of identifying careless respondents when combined with other variables, it is not necessarily the optimal choice for fitting a gradient boosting machine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kopitar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Stiglic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Oberhauser L, Hertel S. Choosing connection: relational values as a career choice motivation predict teachers' relational goal setting. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1147276. [PMID: 37265960 PMCID: PMC10230071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1147276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Relational goals have a positive impact on teachers' classroom performance, but little is known about the antecedents of these goals. One of the most important reasons for choosing teaching as a career is the desire to work with children/adolescents. This study examined this reason along with other relational career choice motives as predictors of relational goal orientation, complementing other studies that have examined the relationship between reasons for career choice and goal orientations but did not consider the relational component. We hypothesized that relational motives for career choice would predict relational goal setting for teaching better than other reasons for career choice. The sample comprised N = 167 student teachers at a large German university who answered an online questionnaire assessing motivations for choosing teaching as a career, professional self-concepts and relational goal orientation. Adopting an expectancy-value perspective, we set up a structural equation (N = 167) and two linear regression models (n1 = 86, n2 = 81) to examine the effects of student teachers' career choice motives on relational goal orientation. Analyses showed that the relational motive of educational interest was the only significant predictor in a structural equation model with educational interest, subject-specific interest, and general ability beliefs as predictors and relational goal orientation as the criterion. The first regression model found that the social utility motive work with children/adolescents was a significant predictor of relational goal orientation when combined with other career choice motives, namely educational interest, subject-specific interest, general abilitiy beliefs, and three other social utility factors. The second regression model found no significant effects of educational interest, subject-specific interest, educational self-concept and subject-specific self-concept on relational goal orientation. The results suggest that teachers who choose their profession because they enjoy working with children and adolescents are likely to strive to build satisfactory student-teacher relationships. Implications for future research and teacher education are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Oberhauser
- Lia Oberhauser, Heidelberg School of Education, Heidelberg University and University of Education Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Hertel
- Institute of Education Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Baum CM, Kamrath C, Bröring S, De Steur H. Show me the benefits! Determinants of behavioral intentions towards CRISPR in the United States. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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