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Yuan T, Gao X, Xiang N, Wei P, Zhang G. The genome assembly of Carex breviculmis provides evidence for its phylogenetic localization and environmental adaptation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:467-484. [PMID: 38822911 PMCID: PMC11341672 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carex breviculmis is a perennial herb with good resistance and is widely used for forage production and turf management. It is important in ecology, environmental protection and biodiversity conservation, but faces several challenges due to human activities. However, the absence of genome sequences has limited basic research and the improvement of wild plants. METHODS We annotated the genome of C. breviculmis and conducted a systematic analysis to explore its resistance to harsh environments. We also conducted a comparative analysis of Achnatherum splendens, which is similarly tolerant to harsh environments. KEY RESULTS The assembled the genome comprises 469.01 Mb, revealing 37 372 genes with a BUSCO completeness score of 99.0 %. The genome has 52.03 % repetitive sequences, primarily influenced by recent LTR insertions that have contributed to its expansion. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. breviculmis diverged from C. littledalei ~6.61 million years ago. Investigation of repetitive sequences and expanded gene families highlighted a rapid expansion of tandem duplicate genes, particularly in areas related to sugar metabolism, synthesis of various amino acids, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Additionally, our analysis identified crucial genes involved in secondary metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, which have undergone positive selection. We reconstructed the sucrose metabolic pathway and identified significant gene expansions, including 16 invertase, 9 sucrose phosphate synthase and 12 sucrose synthase genes associated with sucrose metabolism, which showed varying levels of expansion. CONCLUSIONS The expansion of these genes, coupled with subsequent positive selection, contributed to the ability of C. breviculmis to adapt to environmental stressors. This study lays the foundation for future research on the evolution of Carex plants, their environmental adaptations, and potential genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoman Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Niyan Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Pei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li AM, Liao F, Qin CX, Wang M, Chen ZL, Zhang BQ, Gao YJ, Pan YQ, Huang DL. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Genes in Plants: Its Role and Practice for Crop Improvement. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18335-18346. [PMID: 39134474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants convert solar energy and carbon dioxide into organic compounds through photosynthesis. Sucrose is the primary carbonate produced during photosynthesis. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is the key enzyme controlling sucrose biosynthesis in plants. There are at least three SPS gene families in higher plants, named A, B, and C. However, in monocotyledonous plants from Poaceae, there are at least five SPS gene families, named A, B, C, DIII, and DIV. Each family of SPS genes in different plants shows a divergent expression pattern. So different families of SPS genes participate in diverse biological functions, including sucrose accumulation, plant growth and production, and abiotic stress tolerance. SPS activity in plants is regulated by exogenous factors through gene expression and reversible protein phosphorylation. It is a practicable way to improve crop traits through SPS gene transformation. This work analyzes the cloning, phylogeny, and regulatory mechanism of the SPS gene in plants, reviews its biological function as well as its role in crop improvement, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives. This paper can serve as a reference for further study on plant SPS genes and eventually for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cui-Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yi-Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - You-Qiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Dong-Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Chen Z, Guo X, Du J, Yu M. ALA Promotes Sucrose Accumulation in Early Peach Fruit by Regulating SPS Activity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7944-7954. [PMID: 39194686 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), as a novel plant growth regulator, is a critical precursor for the biosynthesis of porphyrin compounds in all organisms. Many studies have reported that exogenous ALA treatment could improve fruit sweetness. However, the mechanism by which ALA promotes the increase in sugar content in fruit remains unclear. In this study, we found that ALA significantly promoted sucrose accumulation and SPS (sucrose phosphate synthase) activity in peach fruit. At 14, 28, 42, 50 and 60 days after ALA treatment, sucrose content of fruit was increased by 23%, 43%, 37%, 40% and 16%, respectively, compared with control treatment, and SPS enzyme activity was increased by 21%, 28%, 47%, 37% and 29%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content of peach fruit under ALA treatment was significantly positively correlated with SPS activity. Subsequently, bioinformatics was used to identify SPS gene family members in peach fruit, and it was found that there were four members of the PpSPS gene family, distributed on chromosomes 1, 7 and 8, named PpSPS1, PpSPS2, PpSPS3 and PpSPS4, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that PpSPS2 and PpSPS3 were highly expressed in response to ALA during fruit development, and the expression of PpSPS2 was positively correlated with SPS activity and sucrose accumulation in peach fruit. The results of tobacco subcellular localization showed that PpSPS2 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, while PpSPS3 was mainly distributed in the nucleus. The results of this study will lay the foundation for further study on the functions of PpSPS and the regulation of sugar metabolism during the development and ripening of peach fruit by ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingliang Yu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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Wei Y, Wang M, Wang M, Yu D, Wei X. Elevated CO 2 concentration enhance carbon and nitrogen metabolism and biomass accumulation of Ormosiahosiei. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108725. [PMID: 38772164 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentrations may inhibit photosynthesis due to nitrogen deficiency, but legumes may be able to overcome this limitation and continue to grow. Our study confirms this conjecture well. First, we placed the two-year-old potted saplings of Ormosia hosiei (O. hosiei) (a leguminous tree species) in the open-top chamber (OTC) with three CO2 concentrations of 400 (CK), 600 (E1), and 800 μmol·mol-1 (E2) to simulate the elevated CO2 concentration environment. After 146 days, the light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), and dark respiration rate (Rd) of O. hosiei were increased under increasing CO2 concentration and obtain the maximum ribulose diphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation rate (Vc max) and RuBP regenerated photosynthetic electron transfer rate (Jmax) were also significantly increased under E2 treatment (P < 0.05). This results in a significant increase of the maximum assimilation rate (Amax) under elevated CO2 concentrations. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in sucrose metabolism increased in the leaves, more soluble sugars, starches, and sucrose was produced, but sucrose content only in leaves increased at E2, and more carbon flows to the roots. The activity of the NH4+ assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in the leaves of O. hosiei increases under elevated CO2 concentrations to promote nitrogen synthesis that reduces the content of ammonium nitrogen and increases the content of nitrate nitrogen. In addition, under E1 conditions, sucrose synthase (SS), direction of synthesis activity was highest and sucrose invertase (INV) activity was lowest, this means that the balance of C and N metabolism is maintained. While under E2 conditions SS activity decreased and INV activity increased, this increased C/N and nitrogen use efficiency. So, the elevated CO2 concentration promotes the accumulation of O. hosiei biomass, especially in the aboveground part, but did not have a significant effect on the accumulation of root biomass. This means that O. hosiei is able to cope under the elevated CO2 concentration without showing photosynthetic adaptation during the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingbin Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Man Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dalong Yu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Institute for Forest Resources and the Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
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Noiraud-Romy N, Berthier A, Meuriot F, Prud Homme MP. Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase and Sucrose Synthase contribute to refoliation in ryegrass, a grassland fructan-accumulating species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14427. [PMID: 39005156 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The perennity of grassland species such as Lolium perenne greatly depends on their ability to regrow after cutting or grazing. Refoliation largely relies on the mobilization of fructans in the remaining tissues and on the associated sucrose synthesis and transport towards the basal leaf meristems. However, nothing is known yet about the sucrose synthesis pathway. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) and Sucrose Synthase (SuS) activities, together with their transcripts, were monitored during the first hours after defoliation along the leaf axis of mature leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases (ELB) where the leaf meristems are located. In leaf sheaths, which undergo a sink-source transition, fructan and sucrose contents declined while SPS and SuS activities increased, along with the expression of LpSPSA, LpSPSD.2, LpSuS1, LpSuS2, and LpSuS4. In ELB, which continue to act as a strong carbon sink, SPS and SuS activities increased to varying degrees while the expression of all the LpSPS and LpSuS genes decreased after defoliation. SPS and SuS both contribute to refoliation but are regulated differently depending on the source or sink status of the tissues. Together with fructan metabolism, they represent key determinants of ryegrass perennity and, more generally, of grassland sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Noiraud-Romy
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions N.C.S, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Berthier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions N.C.S, Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Meuriot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions N.C.S, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud Homme
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions N.C.S, Caen, France
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6
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Lu L, Delrot S, Liang Z. From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:22. [PMID: 38835095 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem. Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, secondary compounds, in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls. The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition (fruit "quality"). The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening. The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development, anatomical structure, sugar and acid metabolism, sugar transporters, and regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Serge Delrot
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, UMR EGFV, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Kaiser E, Dutta S, Sharkey TD, Marcelis LFM, Li T. Short-term salt stress reduces photosynthetic oscillations under triose phosphate utilization limitation in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2994-3008. [PMID: 38436737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation is one of the three biochemical limitations of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate in C3 plants. Under TPU limitation, abrupt and large transitions in light intensity cause damped oscillations in photosynthesis. When plants are salt-stressed, photosynthesis is often down-regulated particularly under dynamic light intensity, but how salt stress affects TPU-related dynamic photosynthesis is still unknown. To elucidate this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was grown with and without sodium chloride (NaCl, 100 mM) stress for 13 d. Under high CO2 partial pressure, rapid increases in light intensity caused profound photosynthetic oscillations. Salt stress reduced photosynthetic oscillations in leaves initially under both low- and high-light conditions and reduced the duration of oscillations by about 2 min. Besides, salt stress increased the threshold for CO2 partial pressure at which oscillations occurred. Salt stress increased TPU capacity without affecting Rubisco carboxylation and electron transport capacity, indicating the up-regulation of end-product synthesis capacity in photosynthesis. Thus salt stress may reduce photosynthetic oscillations by decreasing leaf internal CO2 partial pressure and/or increasing TPU capacity. Our results provide new insights into how salt stress modulates dynamic photosynthesis as controlled by CO2 availability and end-product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Satadal Dutta
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of 3ME, TU Delft, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sharkey TD. The end game(s) of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:67-78. [PMID: 38163636 PMCID: PMC11060661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The year 2024 marks 70 years since the general outline of the carbon pathway in photosynthesis was published. Although several alternative pathways are now known, it is remarkable how many organisms use the reaction sequence described 70 yrs ago, which is now known as the Calvin-Benson cycle or variants such as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle or Benson-Calvin cycle. However, once the carbon has entered the Calvin-Benson cycle and is converted to a 3-carbon sugar, it has many potential fates. This review will examine the last stages of photosynthetic metabolism in leaves. In land plants, this process mostly involves the production of sucrose provided by an endosymbiont (the chloroplast) to its host for use and transport to the rest of the plant. Photosynthetic metabolism also usually involves the synthesis of starch, which helps maintain respiration in the dark and enables the symbiont to supply sugars during both the day and night. Other end products made in the chloroplast are closely tied to photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. These include serine from photorespiration and various amino acids, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and shikimate pathway products. I also describe 2 pathways that can short circuit parts of the Calvin-Benson cycle. These final processes of photosynthetic metabolism play many important roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Mehdi F, Galani S, Wickramasinghe KP, Zhao P, Lu X, Lin X, Xu C, Liu H, Li X, Liu X. Current perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27277. [PMID: 38463882 PMCID: PMC10923725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugars transported from leaves (source) to stems (sink) energize cell growth, elongation, and maintenance. which are regulated by a variety of genes. This review reflects progress and prospects in the regulatory mechanism for maximum sucrose accumulation, including the role of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters and the elucidation of post-transcriptional control of sucrose-induced regulation of translation (SIRT) in the accumulation of sucrose. The current review suggests that SIRT is emerging as a significant mechanism controlling Scbzip44 activities in response to endogenous sugar signals (via the negative feedback mechanism). Sucrose-controlled upstream open reading frame (SC-uORF) exists at the 5' leader region of Scbzip44's main ORF, which inhibits sucrose accumulation through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Sucrose transporters (SWEET1a/4a/4b/13c, TST, SUT1, SUT4 and SUT5) are crucial for sucrose translocation from source to sink. Particularly, SWEET13c was found to be a major contributor to the efflux in the transportation of stems. Tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), which import sucrose into the vacuole, suggest their tissue-specific role from source to sink. Sucrose cleavage has generally been linked with invertase isozymes, whereas sucrose synthase (SuSy)-catalyzed metabolism has been associated with biosynthetic processes such as UDP-Glc, cellulose, hemicellulose and other polymers. However, other two key sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, such as sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (S6PP) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) isoforms, have been linked with sucrose biosynthesis. These findings suggest that manipulation of genes, such as overexpression of SPS genes and sucrose transporter genes, silencing of the SC-uORF of Scbzip44 (removing the 5' leader region of the main ORF that is called SIRT-Insensitive) and downregulation of the invertase genes, may lead to maximum sucrose accumulation. This review provides an overview of sugarcane sucrose-regulating systems and baseline information for the development of cultivars with higher sucrose accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mehdi
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Saddia Galani
- Dr.A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Kamal Priyananda Wickramasinghe
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Uda Walawa, 70190, Sri Lanka
| | - Peifang Zhao
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Chaohua Xu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xujuan Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
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10
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Li M, Li H, Zhu Q, Liu D, Li Z, Chen H, Luo J, Gong P, Ismail AM, Zhang Z. Knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield by improving tiller number due to increased sugar content in the shoot base of rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1250-1265. [PMID: 38009305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood. This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice. We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis- and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels. These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pan Gong
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hongqi Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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11
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Xiao N, Ma H, Wang W, Sun Z, Li P, Xia T. Overexpression of ZmSUS1 increased drought resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) by regulating sucrose metabolism and soluble sugar content. PLANTA 2024; 259:43. [PMID: 38277077 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION ZmSUS1 improved drought tolerance of maize by regulating sucrose metabolism and increasing soluble sugar content, and endowing transgenic maize with higher relative water content and photosynthesis levels. Sucrose synthase (SUS), a key enzyme of sugar metabolism, plays an important role in the regulation of carbon partitioning in plant, and affects important agronomic traits and abiotic responses to adversity. However, the function of ZmSUS1 in plant drought tolerance is still unknown. In this study, the expression patterns of ZmSUS1 in different tissues and under drought stress were analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). It was found that ZmSUS1 was highly expressed during kernel development but also in leaves and roots of maize, and ZmSUS1 was induced by drought stress. Homozygous transgenic maize lines overexpressing ZmSUS1 increased the content and activity of SUS under drought stress and exhibited higher relative water content, proline and abscisic acid content in leaves. Specifically, the net photosynthetic rate and the soluble sugar contents including sucrose, glucose, fructose and SUS decomposition products including UDP-glucose (UDP-G) and ADP-glucose (ADP-G) in transgenic plants were significantly improved after drought stress. RNA-seq analysis showed that overexpressing of ZmSUS1 mainly affected the expression level of carbon metabolism-related genes. Especially the expression level of sucrose metabolism-related genes including sucrose phosphatase gene (SPP), sucrose phosphate synthase gene (SPS) and invertase gene (INV) were significantly up-regulated in transgenic maize. Overall, these results suggested that ZmSUS1 improved drought tolerance by regulating sucrose metabolism and increasing the soluble sugar content, and endowing transgenic maize with higher relative water content and photosynthesis levels, which can serve as a new gene candidate for cultivating drought-resistant maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Haizhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Zengkun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
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12
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Smith MA, Benidickson KH, Plaxton WC. In Vivo Phosphorylation of the Cytosolic Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isozyme G6PD6 in Phosphate-Resupplied Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cells and Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38202338 PMCID: PMC10780934 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyzes the first committed step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). Our recent phosphoproteomics study revealed that the cytosolic G6PD6 isozyme became hyperphosphorylated at Ser12, Thr13 and Ser18, 48 h following phosphate (Pi) resupply to Pi-starved (-Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures. The aim of the present study was to assess whether G6PD6 phosphorylation also occurs in shoots or roots following Pi resupply to -Pi Arabidopsis seedlings, and to investigate its relationship with G6PD activity. Interrogation of phosphoproteomic databases indicated that N-terminal, multi-site phosphorylation of G6PD6 and its orthologs is quite prevalent. However, the functions of these phosphorylation events remain unknown. Immunoblotting with an anti-(pSer18 phosphosite-specific G6PD6) antibody confirmed that G6PD6 from Pi-resupplied, but not -Pi, Arabidopsis cell cultures or seedlings (i.e., roots) was phosphorylated at Ser18; this correlated with a significant increase in extractable G6PD activity, and biomass accumulation. Peptide kinase assays of Pi-resupplied cell culture extracts indicated that G6PD6 phosphorylation at Ser18 is catalyzed by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), which correlates with the 'CDPK-like' targeting motif that flanks Ser18. Our results support the hypothesis that N-terminal phosphorylation activates G6PD6 to enhance OPPP flux and thus the production of reducing power (i.e., NADPH) and C-skeletons needed to establish the rapid resumption of growth that ensures Pi-resupply to -Pi Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William C. Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.A.S.); (K.H.B.)
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13
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Liu J, Cai C, Liu S, Li L, Wang Q, Wang X. StBIN2 Positively Regulates Potato Formation through Hormone and Sugar Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16087. [PMID: 38003283 PMCID: PMC10671401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato is an important food crop worldwide. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are widely involved in plant growth and development, and BIN2 (brassinosteroid insensitive 2) is the negative regulator of their signal transduction. However, the function of BIN2 in the formation of potato tubers remains unclear. In this study, transgenic methods were used to regulate the expression level of StBIN2 in plants, and tuber related phenotypes were analyzed. The overexpression of StBIN2 significantly increased the number of potatoes formed per plant and the weight of potatoes in transgenic plants. In order to further explore the effect of StBIN2 on the formation of potato tubers, this study analyzed BRs, ABA hormone signal transduction, sucrose starch synthase activity, the expression levels of related genes, and interacting proteins. The results show that the overexpression of StBIN2 enhanced the downstream transmission of ABA signals. At the same time, the enzyme activity of the sugar transporter and the expression of synthetic genes were increased in potato plants overexpressing StBIN2, which also demonstrated the upregulation of sucrose and the expression of the starch synthesis gene. Apparently, StBIN2 affected the conversion and utilization of key substances such as glucose, sucrose, and starch in the process of potato formation so as to provide a material basis and energy preparation for forming potatoes. In addition, StBIN2 also promoted the expression of the tuber formation factors StSP6A and StS6K. Altogether, this investigation enriches the study on the mechanism through which StBIN2 regulates potato tuber formation and provides a theoretical basis for achieving a high and stable yield of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shifeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Potato Research and Development Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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14
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Kitashova A, Brodsky V, Chaturvedi P, Pierides I, Ghatak A, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Quantifying the impact of dynamic plant-environment interactions on metabolic regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 290:154116. [PMID: 37839392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A plant's genome encodes enzymes, transporters and many other proteins which constitute metabolism. Interactions of plants with their environment shape their growth, development and resilience towards adverse conditions. Although genome sequencing technologies and applications have experienced triumphantly rapid development during the last decades, enabling nowadays a fast and cheap sequencing of full genomes, prediction of metabolic phenotypes from genotype × environment interactions remains, at best, very incomplete. The main reasons are a lack of understanding of how different levels of molecular organisation depend on each other, and how they are constituted and expressed within a setup of growth conditions. Phenotypic plasticity, e.g., of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, has provided important insights into plant-environment interactions and the resulting genotype x phenotype relationships. Here, we summarize previous and current findings about plant development in a changing environment and how this might be shaped and reflected in metabolism and its regulation. We identify current challenges in the study of plant development and metabolic regulation and provide an outlook of how methodological workflows might support the application of findings made in model systems to crops and their cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kitashova
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Brodsky
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- University of Vienna, Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Iro Pierides
- University of Vienna, Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- University of Vienna, Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- University of Vienna, Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
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15
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Vetoshkina D, Borisova-Mubarakshina M. Reversible protein phosphorylation in higher plants: focus on state transitions. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1079-1093. [PMID: 37974979 PMCID: PMC10643769 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the comprehensive mechanisms of cell metabolism regulation in eukaryotic organisms. The review describes the impact of the reversible protein phosphorylation on the regulation of growth and development as well as in adaptation pathways and signaling network in higher plant cells. The main part of the review is devoted to the role of the reversible phosphorylation of light-harvesting proteins of photosystem II and the state transition process in fine-tuning the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts. A separate section of the review is dedicated to comparing the mechanisms and functional significance of state transitions in higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that allows the evolution aspects of state transitions meaning in various organisms to be discussed. Environmental factors affecting the state transitions are also considered. Additionally, we gain insight into the possible influence of STN7-dependent phosphorylation of the target proteins on the global network of reversible protein phosphorylation in plant cells as well as into the probable effect of the STN7 kinase inhibition on long-term acclimation pathways in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Russia
| | - M.M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Russia
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16
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Romero-Reyes A, Hernandez-Leon SG, Leyva-Carrillo L, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Reynolds MP, Paul MJ, Heuer S, Valenzuela-Soto EM. An efficient triose phosphate synthesis and distribution in wheat provides tolerance to higher field temperatures. Biochem J 2023; 480:1365-1377. [PMID: 37589484 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures in the field hinder bread wheat high-yield production, mainly because of the adverse effects of heat over photosynthesis. The Yaqui Valley, the main wheat producer region in Mexico, is a zone prone to have temperatures over 30°C. The aim of this work was to test the flag leaf photosynthetic performance in 10 bread wheat genotypes grown under high temperatures in the field. The study took place during two seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). In each season, control seeds were sown in December, while heat-stressed were sown in late January to subject wheat to heat stress (HS) during the grain-filling stage. HS reduced Grain yield from 20 to 58% in the first season. HS did not reduce chlorophyll content and light-dependent reactions were unaffected in any of the tested genotypes. Rubisco, chloroplast fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Rubisco activity did not decrease under HS in any of the genotypes. FBPase activity was reduced by HS indicating that triose phosphate flux to starch synthesis was reduced, while SPS was not affected, and thus, sucrose synthesis was maintained. HS reduced aerial biomass in the 10 chosen genotypes. Genotypes SOKWB.1, SOKWB.3, and BORLAUG100 maintained their yield under HS, pointing to a potential success in their introduction in this region for breeding heat-tolerant bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romero-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Sergio G Hernandez-Leon
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Lilia Leyva-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237 Texcoco, México
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, U.K
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
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17
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Van de Velde E, Steppe K, Van Labeke MC. Leaf morphology, optical characteristics and phytochemical traits of butterhead lettuce affected by increasing the far-red photon flux. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129335. [PMID: 37600174 PMCID: PMC10433762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Light and its spectral characteristics are crucial for plant growth and development. The far-red photon flux mediates many plant processes through the action of phytochrome and also accelerates the photosynthetic electron transfer rate. In this study, we assessed the effects of far-red addition on butterhead lettuce morphology, light use efficiency, optical properties, and phytochemical characteristics. Three-week-old lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Alyssa) were grown for up to 28 days under a 10% blue and 90% red light spectrum (200 µmol m-2 s-1, 16 h photoperiod) to which five different intensities of far-red light (peak at 735 nm) were added (0-9-18-36-72 µmol m-2 s-1). White light-emitting diodes were included as a proxy for sunlight. Increasing supplemental far-red photon flux from zero to 21% increased the light use efficiency (g per mol) by 37% on day 14; 43% on day 21; and 39% on day 28. Measurements of projected head area suggest that this was associated with an increase in leaf expansion and photon capture and not necessarily a direct effect on photosynthesis. Moreover, vegetation indices based on leaf reflectance showed a decrease in chlorophyll-related indices under a high far-red photon flux. This decrease in pigment content was confirmed by chemical analyses, suggesting that the plants may not reach their full potential in terms of photon capture, limiting the overall photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, the stress-related Carter 1 index increased in plants grown under a high far-red photon flux, indicating early plant stress. Far-red tended to decrease the content of total phenolics and increase soluble sugars. The higher sugar levels can be attributed to an improved photochemical efficiency due to photosystem I excitation by far-red wavelengths, also known as the Emerson Enhancement effect. Despite these higher sugar levels, no effect on foliar nitrate content was observed. Our results show that far-red supplementation has the potential to enhance light interception at the early growth stages, although higher intensities of far-red may cause plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van de Velde
- Horticultural Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Horticultural Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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McClain AM, Sharkey TD. Rapid CO2 changes cause oscillations in photosynthesis that implicate PSI acceptor-side limitations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3163-3173. [PMID: 36883576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oscillations in CO2 assimilation rate and associated fluorescence parameters have been observed alongside the triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation of photosynthesis for nearly 50 years. However, the mechanics of these oscillations are poorly understood. Here we utilize the recently developed dynamic assimilation techniques (DATs) for measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation to increase our understanding of what physiological condition is required to cause oscillations. We found that TPU-limiting conditions alone were insufficient, and that plants must enter TPU limitation quickly to cause oscillations. We found that ramps of CO2 caused oscillations proportional in strength to the speed of the ramp, and that ramps induce oscillations with worse outcomes than oscillations induced by step change of CO2 concentration. An initial overshoot is caused by a temporary excess of available phosphate. During the overshoot, the plant outperforms steady-state TPU and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration limitations of photosynthesis, but cannot exceed the rubisco limitation. We performed additional optical measurements which support the role of PSI reduction and oscillations in availability of NADP+ and ATP in supporting oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M McClain
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
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19
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Bagnato L, Tosato E, Gurrieri L, Trost P, Forlani G, Sparla F. Arabidopsis thaliana Sucrose Phosphate Synthase A2 Affects Carbon Partitioning and Drought Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050685. [PMID: 37237499 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is essential for plants for several reasons: It is a source of energy, a signaling molecule, and a source of carbon skeletons. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the conversion of uridine diphosphate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate to sucrose-6-phosphate, which is rapidly dephosphorylated by sucrose phosphatase. SPS is critical in the accumulation of sucrose because it catalyzes an irreversible reaction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SPSs form a gene family of four members, whose specific functions are not clear yet. In the present work, the role of SPSA2 was investigated in Arabidopsis under both control and drought stress conditions. In seeds and seedlings, major phenotypic traits were not different in wild-type compared with spsa2 knockout plants. By contrast, 35-day-old plants showed some differences in metabolites and enzyme activities even under control conditions. In response to drought, SPSA2 was transcriptionally activated, and the divergences between the two genotypes were higher, with spsa2 showing reduced proline accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation. Total soluble sugars and fructose concentrations were about halved compared with wild-type plants, and the plastid component of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway was activated. Unlike previous reports, our results support the involvement of SPSA2 in both carbon partitioning and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bagnato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Tosato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Avidan O, Moraes TA, Mengin V, Feil R, Rolland F, Stitt M, Lunn JE. In vivo protein kinase activity of SnRK1 fluctuates in Arabidopsis rosettes during light-dark cycles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:387-408. [PMID: 36725081 PMCID: PMC10152665 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central hub in carbon and energy signaling in plants, and is orthologous with SNF1 in yeast and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in animals. Previous studies of SnRK1 relied on in vitro activity assays or monitoring of putative marker gene expression. Neither approach gives unambiguous information about in vivo SnRK1 activity. We have monitored in vivo SnRK1 activity using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reporter lines that express a chimeric polypeptide with an SNF1/SnRK1/AMPK-specific phosphorylation site. We investigated responses during an equinoctial diel cycle and after perturbing this cycle. As expected, in vivo SnRK1 activity rose toward the end of the night and rose even further when the night was extended. Unexpectedly, although sugars rose after dawn, SnRK1 activity did not decline until about 12 h into the light period. The sucrose signal metabolite, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), has been shown to inhibit SnRK1 in vitro. We introduced the SnRK1 reporter into lines that harbored an inducible trehalose-6-phosphate synthase construct. Elevated Tre6P decreased in vivo SnRK1 activity in the light period, but not at the end of the night. Reporter polypeptide phosphorylation was sometimes negatively correlated with Tre6P, but a stronger and more widespread negative correlation was observed with glucose-6-phosphate. We propose that SnRK1 operates within a network that controls carbon utilization and maintains diel sugar homeostasis, that SnRK1 activity is regulated in a context-dependent manner by Tre6P, probably interacting with further inputs including hexose phosphates and the circadian clock, and that SnRK1 signaling is modulated by factors that act downstream of SnRK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Avidan
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thiago A Moraes
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Stitt
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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21
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Gao ZF, Yang X, Mei Y, Zhang J, Chao Q, Wang BC. A dynamic phosphoproteomic analysis provides insight into the C4 plant maize (Zea mays L.) response to natural diurnal changes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:291-307. [PMID: 36440987 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants need to respond to rapid changes in numerous environmental factors, mainly diurnal changes of light, temperature, and humidity. Maize is the world's most grown crop, and as a C4 plant it exhibits high photosynthesis capacity, reaching the highest rate of net photosynthesis at midday; that is, there is no "midday depression." Revealing the physiological responses to diurnal changes and underlying mechanisms will be of great significance for guiding maize improvement efforts. In this study, we collected maize leaf samples and analyzed the proteome and phosphoproteome at nine time points during a single day/night cycle, quantifying 7424 proteins and 5361 phosphosites. The new phosphosites identified in our study increased the total maize phosphoproteome coverage by 8.5%. Kinase-substrate network analysis indicated that 997 potential substrates were phosphorylated by 20 activated kinases. Through analysis of proteins with significant changes in abundance and phosphorylation, we found that the response to a heat stimulus involves a change in the abundance of numerous proteins. By contrast, the high light at noon and rapidly changing light conditions induced changes in the phosphorylation level of proteins involved in processes such as chloroplast movement, photosynthesis, and C4 pathways. Phosphorylation is involved in regulating the activity of large number of enzymes; for example, phosphorylation of S55 significantly enhanced the activity of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (ZmPEPCK1). Overall, the database of dynamic protein abundance and phosphorylation we have generated provides a resource for the improvement of C4 crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingchang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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22
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Hartman MD, Rojas BE, Ferrero DML, Leyva A, Durán R, Iglesias AA, Figueroa CM. Phosphorylation of aldose-6-phosphate reductase from Prunus persica leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:461-469. [PMID: 36508780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-alcohols are major photosynthates in plants from the Rosaceae family. Expression of the gene encoding aldose-6-phosphate reductase (Ald6PRase), the critical enzyme for glucitol synthesis in rosaceous species, is regulated by physiological and environmental cues. Additionally, Ald6PRase is inhibited by small molecules (hexose-phosphates and inorganic orthophosphate) and oxidizing compounds. This work demonstrates that Ald6PRase from peach leaves is phosphorylated in planta at the N-terminus. We also show in vitro phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase by a partially purified kinase extract from peach leaves containing Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). Moreover, phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase was inhibited by hexose-phosphates, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyrophosphate. We further show that phosphorylation of recombinant Ald6PRase was maximal using recombinant CDPKs. Overall, our results suggest that phosphorylation could fine-tune the activity of Ald6PRase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Hartman
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Danisa M L Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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23
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Chadee A, Mohammad M, Vanlerberghe GC. Evidence that mitochondrial alternative oxidase respiration supports carbon balance in source leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153840. [PMID: 36265227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) represents a non-energy conserving pathway within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. One potential physiological role of AOX could be to manage leaf carbohydrate amounts by supporting respiratory carbon oxidation reactions. In this study, several approaches tested the hypothesis that AOX1a gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaf is enhanced in conditions expected to promote an increased leaf carbohydrate status. These approaches included supplying leaves with exogenous carbohydrates, comparing plants grown at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations, comparing sink leaves with source leaves, comparing plants with different ratios of source to sink activity, and examining gene expression over the diel cycle. In each case, the pattern of AOX1a gene expression was compared with that of other genes known to respond to carbohydrates and/or other factors related to source:sink activity. These included GPT1 and GPT3 (that encode chloroplast glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocators), SPS (that encodes sucrose phosphate synthase), SUT1 (that encodes a sucrose/H+ symporter involved in phloem loading) and UCP1 (that encodes a mitochondrial uncoupling protein). The AOX1a transcript amount was higher following the leaf sink-to-source transition, and in plants with higher source relative to sink activity due to increasing plant age. Further, these effects were amplified in plants grown at elevated CO2 to stimulate source activity, particularly at end-of-day time periods. The AOX1a transcript amount was also higher following treatment of leaves with carbohydrate, in particular sucrose. Overall, the results provide evidence that, while source leaf sucrose accumulation may signal for a down-regulation of sucrose synthesis and transport, it also signals for means to manage the excess cytosolic carbohydrate pools. This includes increased AOX respiration to support carbon oxidation pathways even if energy charge is high, in combination perhaps with some return flux of carbohydrate from cytosol to stroma through the GPT3 translocator. As discussed, these activities could contribute to maintaining plant source:sink balance, as well as photosynthetic and phloem loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Masoom Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada.
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Xu N, Wu Z, Li X, Yang M, Han J, Lu B, Lu B, Wang J. Effects of nicosulfuron on plant growth and sugar metabolism in sweet maize (Zea mays L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276606. [PMID: 36269745 PMCID: PMC9586374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron is efficient, harmless and selective at low doses and has been widely used in maize cultivation. In this study, a pair of corn sister lines, HK301 (nicosulfuron-tolerence, NT) and HK320 (nicosulfuron-sensitive, NS), was chosen to study the effect of nicosulfuron on plant growth and sugar metabolism in sweet maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. All the experimental samples were subjected to treatment with water or 80 mg kg–1 of nicosulfuron when the sweet maize seedlings grew to the four-leaf stage. Nicosulfuron significantly inhibited the growth of NS line. The content of sucrose and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase in the two inbred lines increased differentially under nicosulfuron stress compared with the respective control treatment. After nicosulfuron treatment, the activities of hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase and the contents of pyruvic acid and citric acid in NS line decreased significantly compared with those of NT line, while the content of sucrose and activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase increased significantly. The disruption of sugar metabolism in NS line led to a lower supply of energy for growth. This study showed that the glycolysis pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were enhanced in nicosulfuron-tolerant line under nicosulfuron stress in enhancing the adaptability of sweet maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Xu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhenxing Wu
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jinling Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bingshe Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (JW)
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (JW)
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25
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Suh JH, Madden RT, Sung J, Chambers AH, Crane J, Wang Y. Pathway-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biosynthesis of Key Flavor Compounds in Mango. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10389-10399. [PMID: 34792344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mango is a tropical fruit with global demand as a result of its high sensory quality and nutritional attributes. Improving fruit quality at the consumer level could increase demand, but fruit quality is a complex trait requiring a deep understanding of flavor development to uncover key pathways that could become targets for improving sensory quality. Here, a pathway-based metabolomics (untargeted and targeted) approach was used to explore biosynthetic mechanisms of key flavor compounds with five core metabolic pathways (butanoate metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, linoleic and linolenic acid pathway, and carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism) in three mango cultivars. The relationships between flavor precursors and flavor compounds were identified using correlation analysis. With these novel strategies, differentially regulated metabolic flux through the pathways was first elucidated, demonstrating possible mechanisms of key flavor formation and regulation in mango fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Robert T Madden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Jonathan Crane
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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Ma WF, Li YB, Nai GJ, Liang GP, Ma ZH, Chen BH, Mao J. Changes and response mechanism of sugar and organic acids in fruits under water deficit stress. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13691. [PMID: 36039369 PMCID: PMC9419716 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The content and the ratio of soluble sugars and organic acids in fruits are significant indicators for fruit quality. They are affected by multiple environmental factors, in which water-deficient is the most concern. Previous studies found that the content of soluble sugars and organic acids in fruit displayed great differences under varied water stress. It is important to clarify the mechanism of such difference and to provide researchers with systematic knowledge about the response to drought stress and the mechanism of sugar and acid changes in fruits, so that they can better carry out the study of fruit quality under drought stress. Therefore, the researchers studied dozens of research articles about the content of soluble sugar and organic acid, the activity of related metabolic enzymes, and the expression of related metabolic genes in fruits under water stress, and the stress response of plants to water stress. We found that after plants perceived and transmitted the signal of water deficit, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of soluble sugars and organic acids changed. It was then affected the synthesis of metabolic enzymes and changed their metabolic rate, ultimately leading to changes in soluble sugar and organic acid content. Based on the literature review, we described the pathway diagrams of sugar metabolism, organic acid metabolism, mainly malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid metabolism, and of the response to drought stress. From many aspects including plants' perception of water stress signal, signal conversion and transmission, induced gene expression, the changes in soluble sugar and the enzyme activities of organic acids, as well as the final sugar and acid content in fruits, this thesis summarized previous studies on the influence of water stress on soluble sugars and the metabolism of organic acids in fruits.
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27
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SlSPS, a Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Gene, Mediates Plant Growth and Thermotolerance in Tomato. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has been considered as a severe threat to crop yields in recent years. Sucrose, as a major product of photosynthesis, plays an important role in plant growth and stress response. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the sucrose synthesis pathway in plants. However, its molecular mechanism and signaling pathway remain unclear. In this study, we identified a novel SPS gene (SlSPS) in tomato and generated over-expression and knock-out of SlSPS gene transgenic tomato plants to investigate its biological functions related to the growth and thermotolerance of tomato. Over-expression of SlSPS gene increased the growth and biomass of transgenic tomato plants, such as fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, fruit weight and root length. In contrast, knock-out of SlSPS gene decreased the growth and biomass of transgenic tomato plants. Under heat stress, the survival rates were positively correlated with the expression level of SlSPS gene in different tomato varieties. Furthermore, SlSPS-overexpressing tomato plants showed higher SPS activity and sucrose content and heat stress resistant phenotypes. By comparison, knock-out tomato plants showed lower SPS activity and sucrose content and susceptible to heat stress. The determination of several reference values of oxidative stress parameters were also consistent with their heat resistance of these transgenic plants. In summary, SlSPS gene could positively mediate the growth and thermotolerance in tomato plants.
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28
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Yu J, Xu S, Liu X, Li T, Zhang D, Teng N, Wu Z. Starch Degradation and Sucrose Accumulation of Lily Bulbs after Cold Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4366. [PMID: 35457184 PMCID: PMC9029042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional lilies are a group of edible lily cultivars with great potential for landscape application. Low-temperature storage can significantly improve their taste, but the knowledge of this process is largely unknown. In this study, we used the functional lilies 'Fly Shaohua' and 'Fly Tiancheng' as materials. Through physiological observation and transcriptome analysis during the bulbs' cold storage, it was found that the starch degradation and sucrose accumulation in bulbs contributed to taste improvement. After 60 d of cold storage, the sucrose accumulation was highest and the starch content was lower in the bulbs, suggesting this time-point was optimal for consumption. Accompanying the fluctuation of sucrose content during cold storage, the enzyme activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase for sucrose synthesis were increased. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, which might promote the conversion of starch to sucrose in bulbs. In addition, the DEGs involved in dormancy and stress response were also determined during cold storage, which might explain the decreased sucrose accumulation with extended storage time over 60 d due to the energy consumption for dormancy release. Taken together, our results indicated sucrose accumulation was a main factor in the taste improvement of lily bulbs after cold storage, which is attributable to the different gene expression of starch and sucrose metabolism pathways in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nianjun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (D.Z.); (N.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Jiang M, Li S, Zhao C, Zhao M, Xu S, Wen G. Identification and analysis of sucrose synthase gene family associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis in Dendrobium catenatum by transcriptomic analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13222. [PMID: 35402092 PMCID: PMC8992646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dendrobium catenatum is a valuable traditional medicinal herb with high commercial value. D. catenatum stems contain abundant polysaccharides which are one of the main bioactive components. However, although some genes related to the synthesis of the polysaccharides have been reported, more key genes need to be further elucidated. Results In this study, the contents of polysaccharides and mannose in D. catenatum stems at four developmental stages were compared, and the stems' transcriptomes were analyzed to explore the synthesis mechanism of the polysaccharides. Many genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolisms were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. Further analysis found that sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) gene maybe participated in the polysaccharide synthesis. Hence, we further investigated the genomic characteristics and evolution relationships of the SUS family in plants. The result suggested that the SUS gene of D. catenatum (DcSUS) had undergone the expansion characterized by tandem duplication which might be related to the enrichment of the polysaccharides in D. catenatum stems. Moreover, expression analyses of the DcSUS displayed significant divergent patterns in different tissues and could be divided into two main groups in the stems with four developmental stages. Conclusion In general, our results revealed that DcSUS is likely involved in the metabolic process of the stem polysaccharides, providing crucial clues for exploiting the key genes associated with the polysaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangyun Li
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Changling Zhao
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingfu Zhao
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaozhong Xu
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guosong Wen
- Research & Development Center for Heath Product, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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30
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Structural basis for glucosylsucrose synthesis by a member of the α-1,2-glucosyltransferase family. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:537-547. [PMID: 35607964 PMCID: PMC9909042 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylsucroses are potentially useful as additives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Although enzymatic synthesis of glucosylsucroses is the most efficient method for their production, the key enzyme that produces them has remained unknown. Here, we report that glucosylsucrose synthase from (TeGSS) catalyzes the synthesis of glucosylsucrose using sucrose and UDP-glucose as substrates. These saccharides are homologous to glucosylsucroses produced by sp. PCC 7120 (referred to as protein alr1000). When the ratio of UDP-glucose to sucrose is relatively high, TeGSS from cyanobacteria can hydrolyze excess UDP-glucose to UDP and glucose, indicating that sucrose provides a feedback mechanism for the control of glucosylsucrose synthesis. In the present study, we solved the crystal structure of TeGSS bound to UDP and sucrose. Our structure shows that the catalytic site contains a circular region that may allow glucosylsucroses with a right-hand helical structure to enter the catalytic site. Because active site residues Tyr18 and Arg179 are proximal to UDP and sucrose, we mutate these residues (., Y18F and R179A) and show that they exhibit very low activity, supporting their role as catalytic groups. Overall, our study provides insight into the catalytic mechanism of TeGSS.
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31
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Salvi P, Agarrwal R, Gandass N, Manna M, Kaur H, Deshmukh R. Sugar transporters and their molecular tradeoffs during abiotic stress responses in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13652. [PMID: 35174495 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars as photosynthates are well known as energy providers and as building blocks of various structural components of plant cells, tissues and organs. Additionally, as a part of various sugar signaling pathways, they interact with other cellular machinery and influence many important cellular decisions in plants. Sugar signaling is further reliant on the differential distribution of sugars throughout the plant system. The distribution of sugars from source to sink tissues or within organelles of plant cells is a highly regulated process facilitated by various sugar transporters located in plasma membranes and organelle membranes, respectively. Sugar distribution, as well as signaling, is impacted during unfavorable environments such as extreme temperatures, salt, nutrient scarcity, or drought. Here, we have discussed the mechanism of sugar transport via various types of sugar transporters as well as their differential response during environmental stress exposure. The functional involvement of sugar transporters in plant's abiotic stress tolerance is also discussed. Besides, we have also highlighted the challenges in engineering sugar transporter proteins as well as the undeciphered modules associated with sugar transporters in plants. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the role and regulation of sugar transporters during abiotic stresses and enables us to target the candidate sugar transporter(s) for crop improvement to develop climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Xu Q, Niu SC, Li KL, Zheng PJ, Zhang XJ, Jia Y, Liu Y, Niu YX, Yu LH, Chen DF, Zhang GQ. Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Dendrobium nobile Genome Provides Insights Into the Molecular Mechanism of the Biosynthesis of the Medicinal Active Ingredient of Dendrobium. Front Genet 2022; 13:844622. [PMID: 35299950 PMCID: PMC8921531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.844622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids constitute approximately 10% of flowering plant species. However, only about 10 orchid genomes have been published. Metabolites are the main way through which orchids respond to their environment. Dendrobium nobile, belonging to Dendrobium, the second largest genus in Orchidaceae, has high ornamental, medicinal, and ecological value. D. nobile is the source of many popular horticultural varieties. Among the Dendrobium species, D. nobile has the highest amount of dendrobine, which is regarded as one of the criteria for evaluating medicinal quality. Due to lack of data and analysis at the genomic level, the biosynthesis pathways of dendrobine and other related medicinal ingredients in D. nobile are unknown. In this paper, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome of D. nobile to facilitate the investigation of its genomic characteristics for comparison with other Dendrobium species. The assembled genome size of D. nobile was 1.19 Gb. Of the sequences, 99.45% were anchored to 19 chromosomes. Furthermore, we identified differences in gene number and gene expression patterns compared with two other Dendrobium species by integrating whole-genome sequencing and transcriptomic analysis [e.g., genes in the polysaccharide biosynthesis pathway and upstream of the alkaloid (dendrobine) biosynthesis pathway]. Differences in the TPS and CYP450 gene families were also found among orchid species. All the above differences might contribute to the species-specific medicinal ingredient biosynthesis pathways. The metabolic pathway-related analysis will provide further insight into orchid responses to the environment. Additionally, the reference genome will provide important insights for further molecular elucidation of the medicinal active ingredients of Dendrobium and enhance the understanding of orchid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Xu, ; Duan-Fen Chen, ; Guo-Qiang Zhang,
| | - Shan-Ce Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kang-Li Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yun-Xia Niu
- School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Hong Yu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duan-Fen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Xu, ; Duan-Fen Chen, ; Guo-Qiang Zhang,
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Xu, ; Duan-Fen Chen, ; Guo-Qiang Zhang,
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Chen L, Ganguly DR, Shafik SH, Ermakova M, Pogson BJ, Grof CPL, Sharwood RE, Furbank RT. Elucidating the role of SWEET13 in phloem loading of the C 4 grass Setaria viridis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:615-632. [PMID: 34780111 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency and sink demand are tightly correlated with rates of phloem loading, where maintaining low cytosolic sugar concentrations is paramount to prevent the downregulation of photosynthesis. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are thought to have a pivotal role in the apoplastic phloem loading of C4 grasses. SWEETs have not been well studied in C4 species, and their investigation is complicated by photosynthesis taking place across two cell types and, therefore, photoassimilate export can occur from either one. SWEET13 homologues in C4 grasses have been proposed to facilitate apoplastic phloem loading. Here, we provide evidence for this hypothesis using the C4 grass Setaria viridis. Expression analyses on the leaf gradient of C4 species Setaria and Sorghum bicolor show abundant transcript levels for SWEET13 homologues. Carbohydrate profiling along the Setaria leaf shows total sugar content to be significantly higher in the mature leaf tip compared with the younger tissue at the base. We present the first known immunolocalization results for SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b using novel isoform-specific antisera. These results show localization to the bundle sheath and phloem parenchyma cells of both minor and major veins. We further present the first transport kinetics study of C4 monocot SWEETs by using a Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. We demonstrate that SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b are high-capacity transporters of glucose and sucrose, with a higher apparent Vmax for sucrose, compared with glucose, typical of clade III SWEETs. Collectively, these results provide evidence for an apoplastic phloem loading pathway in Setaria and possibly other C4 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Diep R Ganguly
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Sarah H Shafik
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher P L Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Yuan Z, Dong F, Pang Z, Fallah N, Zhou Y, Li Z, Hu C. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil Pathways Involved in Sugar Content and Rind Color of Two Sugarcane Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921536. [PMID: 35783968 PMCID: PMC9244704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic composition can have potential impact on several vital agronomic traits, and metabolomics, which represents the bioactive compounds in plant tissues, is widely considered as a powerful approach for linking phenotype-genotype interactions. However, metabolites related to cane traits such as sugar content, rind color, and texture differences in different sugarcane cultivars using metabolome integrated with transcriptome remain largely inconclusive. In this study, metabolome integrated with transcriptome analyses were performed to identify and quantify metabolites composition, and have better insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the different cane traits, namely, brix, rind color, and textures in the stems (S) and leaves (L) of sugarcane varieties FN41 and 165402. We also identified metabolites and associated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, starch and sucrose metabolism. A total of 512 metabolites from 11 classes, with the vast majority (122) belonging to flavonoids were identified. Moreover, the relatively high amount of D-fructose 6-p, D-glucose6-p and glucose1-p detected in FN41L may have been transported and distributed by source and sink of the cane, and a majority of them reached the stem of sugarcane FN41L, thereby promoting the high accumulation of sugar in FN41S. Observations also revealed that genes such as C4H, CHS, F3H, F3'H, DFR, and FG2 in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were the major factors impacting the rind color and contrasting texture of FN41 and 165204. Further analysis revealed that weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) hub genes and six transcription factors, namely, Tify and NAC, MYB-related, C2C2-Dof, WRKY, and bHLH play a key role in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, metabolites such as L-phenylalanine, tyrosine, sinapaldehyde, pinobanksin, kaempferin, and nictoflorin were the potential drivers of phenotypic differences. Our finding also demonstrated that genes and metabolites in the starch and sucrose metabolism had a significant effect on cane sugar content. Overall, this study provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning high sugar accumulation and rind color in sugarcane, which we believe is important for future sugarcane breeding programs and the selection of high biomass varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industry, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaonian Yuan,
| | - Fei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nyumah Fallah
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Salmeron-Santiago IA, Martínez-Trujillo M, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Pedraza-Santos ME, Santoyo G, Pozo MJ, Chávez-Bárcenas AT. An Updated Review on the Modulation of Carbon Partitioning and Allocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 35056524 PMCID: PMC8781679 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that supply mineral nutrients to the host plant in exchange for carbon derived from photosynthesis. Sucrose is the end-product of photosynthesis and the main compound used by plants to translocate photosynthates to non-photosynthetic tissues. AMF alter carbon distribution in plants by modifying the expression and activity of key enzymes of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and/or catabolism. Since sucrose is essential for the maintenance of all metabolic and physiological processes, the modifications addressed by AMF can significantly affect plant development and stress responses. AMF also modulate plant lipid biosynthesis to acquire storage reserves, generate biomass, and fulfill its life cycle. In this review we address the most relevant aspects of the influence of AMF on sucrose and lipid metabolism in plants, including its effects on sucrose biosynthesis both in photosynthetic and heterotrophic tissues, and the influence of sucrose on lipid biosynthesis in the context of the symbiosis. We present a hypothetical model of carbon partitioning between plants and AMF in which the coordinated action of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism plays a role in the generation of hexose gradients to supply carbon to AMF, and to control the amount of carbon assigned to the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan J. Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58880, Mexico;
| | - Martha E. Pedraza-Santos
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - María J. Pozo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana T. Chávez-Bárcenas
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
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Kim KH, Kim JY. Understanding Wheat Starch Metabolism in Properties, Environmental Stress Condition, and Molecular Approaches for Value-Added Utilization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2282. [PMID: 34834645 PMCID: PMC8624758 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat starch is one of the most important components in wheat grain and is extensively used as the main source in bread, noodles, and cookies. The wheat endosperm is composed of about 70% starch, so differences in the quality and quantity of starch affect the flour processing characteristics. Investigations on starch composition, structure, morphology, molecular markers, and transformations are providing new and efficient techniques that can improve the quality of bread wheat. Additionally, wheat starch composition and quality are varied due to genetics and environmental factors. Starch is more sensitive to heat and drought stress compared to storage proteins. These stresses also have a great influence on the grain filling period and anthesis, and, consequently, a negative effect on starch synthesis. Sucrose metabolizing and starch synthesis enzymes are suppressed under heat and drought stress during the grain filling period. Therefore, it is important to illustrate starch and sucrose mechanisms during plant responses in the grain filling period. In recent years, most of these quality traits have been investigated through genetic modification studies. This is an attractive approach to improve functional properties in wheat starch. The new information collected from hybrid and transgenic plants is expected to help develop novel starch for understanding wheat starch biosynthesis and commercial use. Wheat transformation research using plant genetic engineering technology is the main purpose of continuously controlling and analyzing the properties of wheat starch. The aim of this paper is to review the structure, biosynthesis mechanism, quality, and response to heat and drought stress of wheat starch. Additionally, molecular markers and transformation studies are reviewed to elucidate starch quality in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Zhou S, Chen L, Chen G, Li Y, Yang H. Molecular Mechanisms through Which Short-Term Cold Storage Improves the Nutritional Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Postharvest Sweet Potato Tuberous Roots: A Transcriptomic Study. Foods 2021; 10:2079. [PMID: 34574188 PMCID: PMC8469081 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a commercially relevant food crop with high demand worldwide. This species belongs to the Convolvulaceae family and is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Storage temperature and time can adversely affect tuberous roots' quality and nutritional profile. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of storage parameters using physicochemical and transcriptome analyses. Freshly harvested tuberous roots (Xingxiang) were stored at 13 °C (control) or 5 °C (cold storage, CS) for 21 d. The results from chilling injury (CI) evaluation demonstrated that there was no significant difference in appearance, internal color, weight, and relative conductivity between tuberous roots stored at 13 and 5 °C for 14 d and indicated that short-term CS for 14 d promoted the accumulation of sucrose, chlorogenic acid, and amino acids with no CI symptoms development. This, in turn, improved sweetness, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional value of the tuberous roots. Transcriptome analyses revealed that several key genes associated with sucrose, chlorogenic acid, and amino acid biosynthesis were upregulated during short-term CS, including sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, arogenate dehydrogenase, and prephenate dehydratase. These results indicated that storage at 5 °C for 14 d could improve the nutritional quality and palatability of sweet potato tuberous roots without compromising their freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huqing Yang
- School of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Wusu Street #666, Lin’an District, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (G.C.); (Y.L.)
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Soga-Morimoto A, Soga K, Wakabayashi K, Kamisaka S, Hoson T. Suppression of sugar accumulation in coleoptile and mesocotyl cells by light irradiation to etiolated maize seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153409. [PMID: 33774509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugar accumulation in maize (Zea mays) coleoptile and mesocotyl cells was suppressed when etiolated seedlings were subjected to white light irradiation. Regulation mechanisms of sugar accumulation by light in cells of both organs were studied. Sucrose exudation from the endosperm was suppressed in light-treated seedlings. In addition, the activities and transcript levels of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) in scutella were decreased following light irradiation. These results suggest that sucrose exudation from the endosperm is decreased by the suppression of SPS activities via downregulation of its gene expression. In coleoptiles and mesocotyls, light irradiation also decreased the activities and transcript levels of cell wall-bound invertase, suggesting that phloem unloading processes were suppressed. Thus, inhibition of both sucrose loading from the endosperm and sucrose unloading in coleoptiles and mesocotyls may be involved in the suppression of sugar accumulation in coleoptiles and mesocotyls irradiated with white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Soga-Morimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kouichi Soga
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kamisaka
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoson
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040556. [PMID: 33921270 PMCID: PMC8070098 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes are generally drought susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within Phaseolus acutifolius or P. parvifolius are from arid areas between Mexico and the United States. Therefore, we hypothesize that these bean accessions have diversity signals indicative of adaptation to drought at key candidate genes such as: Asr2, Dreb2B, and ERECTA. By sequencing alleles of these genes and comparing to estimates of drought tolerance indices from climate data for the collection site of geo-referenced, tepary bean accessions, we determined the genotype x environmental association (GEA) of each gene. Diversity analysis found that cultivated and wild P. acutifolius were intermingled with var. tenuifolius and P. parvifolius, signifying that allele diversity was ample in the wild and cultivated clade over a broad sense (sensu lato) evaluation. Genes Dreb2B and ERECTA harbored signatures of directional selection, represented by six SNPs correlated with the environmental drought indices. This suggests that wild tepary bean is a reservoir of novel alleles at genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a species that originated in arid environments. Our study corroborated that candidate gene approach was effective for marker validation across a broad genetic base of wild tepary accessions.
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Abstract
With the global climate anomalies and the destruction of ecological balance, the water shortage has become a serious ecological problem facing all mankind, and drought has become a key factor restricting the development of agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to study the drought tolerance of crops. Based on previous studies, we reviewed the effects of drought stress on plant morphology and physiology, including the changes of external morphology and internal structure of root, stem, and leaf, the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances, drought-induced proteins, and active oxygen metabolism of plants. In this paper, the main drought stress signals and signal transduction pathways in plants are described, and the functional genes and regulatory genes related to drought stress are listed, respectively. We summarize the above aspects to provide valuable background knowledge and theoretical basis for future agriculture, forestry breeding, and cultivation.
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Kurniah NI, Sawitri WD, Rohman MS, Nugraha Y, Hase T, Sugiharto B. Mutation of UDP-glucose binding motif residues lead to increased affinity for ADP-glucose in sugarcane sucrose phosphate synthase. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1697-1706. [PMID: 33528727 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) contains a glycosyltransferase domain, which specifically catalyzes reactions with the nucleotide sugar uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) as a donor substrate. Unlike plant SPS, bacterial SPS is predicted to bind other nucleotide sugars, such as adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-G). This study aimed to identify the UDP-G binding site of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) SPS (SoSPS1) and to improve its affinity for ADP-G by site-directed mutagenesis. To achieve targeted mutagenesis, amino acid distribution and comparative modeling studies were performed, followed by site-directed mutagenesis of SoSPS1 in the putative UDP-G binding motif. The N-terminal deletion of SoSPS1 (∆N-SoSPS1) was used for enzymatic analysis. The results showed that mutations in the R-X4-K, E-X7-E, and H-X5-V motifs significantly affect UDP-G and ADP-G binding. Mutations at R496 and K501 severely attenuate the affinity for UDP-G. Additionally, alanine substitutions at E591 and V570 decreased the UDP-G affinity but remarkably increased its ADP-G affinity. The R-X4-K motif plays a crucial role in the UDP-G binding site and catalytic activity of plant SPS; thus, its alteration to other amino acids was not viable. The E-X7-E and H-X5-V motifs may bind to the nucleotide glucose substrate, indicating that these motifs are involved in substrate specificity. These results agree with substrate docking simulations at the mutated residue positions, supporting the experimental results. These results demonstrate that mutation of E591 and V570 severely attenuated the UDP-G affinity, while retaining its activity against ADP-G, offering strategic insights into increasing sucrose synthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriyah Inda Kurniah
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Widhi Dyah Sawitri
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yudhi Nugraha
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bambang Sugiharto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
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Keller I, Rodrigues CM, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153336. [PMID: 33360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the main building blocks for carbohydrate storage, but also serve as signaling molecules and protective compounds during abiotic stress responses. Accordingly, sugar transport proteins fulfill multiple roles as they mediate long distance sugar allocation, but also shape the subcellular and tissue-specific carbohydrate profiles by balancing the levels of these molecules in various compartments. Accordingly, transporter activity represents a target by classical or directed breeding approaches, to either, directly increase phloem loading or to increase sink strength in crop species. The relative subcellular distribution of sugars is critical for molecular signaling affecting yield-relevant processes like photosynthesis, onset of flowering and stress responses, while controlled long-distance sugar transport directly impacts development and productivity of plants. However, long-distance transport is prone to become unbalanced upon adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we highlight the influence of stress stimuli on sucrose transport in the phloem and include the role of stress induced cellular carbohydrate sinks, like raffinose or fructans, which possess important roles to build up tolerance against challenging environmental conditions. In addition, we report on recent breeding approaches that resulted in altered source and sink capacities, leading to increased phloem sucrose shuttling in crops. Finally, we present strategies integrating the need of cellular stress-protection into the general picture of long-distance transport under abiotic stress, and point to possible approaches improving plant performance and resource allocation under adverse environmental conditions, leading to stabilized or even increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Zhang Z, Gong J, Li X, Ding Y, Wang B, Shi J, Liu M, Yang B. Underlying mechanism on source-sink carbon balance of grazed perennial grass during regrowth: Insights into optimal grazing regimes of restoration of degraded grasslands in a temperate steppe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111439. [PMID: 33035939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Overgrazing is the main driver of grassland degradation and productivity reduction in northern China. The restoration of degraded grasslands depends on optimal grazing regimes that modify the source-sink balance to promote best carbon (C) assimilation and allocation, thereby promoting rapid compensatory growth of the grazed plants. We used in situ13CO2 labeling and field regrowth studies of Stipa grandis P.A. Smirn.to examine the effects of different grazing intensities (light, medium, heavy, and grazing exclusion) on photosynthetic C assimilation and partitioning, on reallocation of non-structural carbohydrates during regrowth, and on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Light grazing increased the sink demand of newly expanded leaves and significantly promoted 13C fixation by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and accelerating fructose transfer from the stem. Although C assimilation decreased under medium and heavy grazing, S. grandis exhibited a tolerance strategy that preferentially allocated more starch and 13C to the roots for storage to balance sink competition between newly expanded leaves and the roots. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and other plant hormones regulated source-sink imbalances during regrowth. Abscisic acid promoted accumulation of aboveground biomass by stimulating stem SPS activity, whereas jasmonate increased root starch synthesis, thereby increasing belowground biomass. Overall, S. grandis could optimize source-sink relationships and above- and belowground C allocation to support regrowth after grazing by the regulating activities of SPS, SS and other hormones. These results provide new insights into C budgets under grazing and guidance for sustainable grazing management in semi-arid grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jirui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yong Ding
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 120 Ulanqab East Street, Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tourism and Resources Environment, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong province, 271021, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Herrmann HA, Dyson BC, Miller MAE, Schwartz JM, Johnson GN. Metabolic flux from the chloroplast provides signals controlling photosynthetic acclimation to cold in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:171-185. [PMID: 32981099 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is especially sensitive to environmental conditions, and the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus can be modulated in response to environmental change, a process termed photosynthetic acclimation. Previously, we identified a role for a cytosolic fumarase, FUM2 in acclimation to low temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant lines lacking FUM2 were unable to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to cold. Here, using gas exchange measurements and metabolite assays of acclimating and non-acclimating plants, we show that acclimation to low temperature results in a change in the distribution of photosynthetically fixed carbon to different storage pools during the day. Proteomic analysis of wild-type Col-0 Arabidopsis and of a fum2 mutant, which was unable to acclimate to cold, indicates that extensive changes occurring in response to cold are affected in the mutant. Metabolic and proteomic data were used to parameterize metabolic models. Using an approach called flux sampling, we show how the relative export of triose phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate provides a signal of the chloroplast redox state that could underlie photosynthetic acclimation to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Herrmann
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
- Institue of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beth C Dyson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew A E Miller
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Giles N Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of sucrose phosphate synthase genes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20707. [PMID: 33244128 PMCID: PMC7692556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in plants, is encoded by a multi-gene family. Until recently, the identification and characterization of the SPS gene family have been performed for dozens of plant species; however, few studies have involved a comprehensive analysis of the SPS family members in tropical crops, such as cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In the current study, five SPS genes (MeSPS1, MeSPS2, MeSPS3, MeSPS4, and MeSPS5) were isolated from cassava, and their sequence characteristics were comprehensively characterized. These MeSPS genes were found distributed on five chromosomes (Chr2, Chr14, Chr15, Chr16, and Chr18). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MeSPS protein sequences were clustered into three families, together with other SPS sequences from both dicot and monocot species (families A, B, and C). The spatio-temporal expression pattern analysis of MeSPS genes showed a tissue-specific and partially overlapping expression pattern, with the genes mainly expressed in source tissues during cassava growth and development. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of MeSPS genes correlated positively with root starch content, indicating that the expression of MeSPS genes might accelerate the rate of starch accumulation in the roots of cassava plants.
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Ma P, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Hua X, Wang Z, Tang H, Yu Q, Zhang M, Ming R, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene family between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:422. [PMID: 32928111 PMCID: PMC7488781 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) genes play vital roles in sucrose production across various plant species. Modern sugarcane cultivar is derived from the hybridization between the high sugar content species Saccharum officinarum and the high stress tolerance species Saccharum spontaneum, generating one of the most complex genomes among all crops. The genomics of sugarcane SPS remains under-studied despite its profound impact on sugar yield. RESULTS In the present study, 8 and 6 gene sequences for SPS were identified from the BAC libraries of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SPSD was newly evolved in the lineage of Poaceae species with recently duplicated genes emerging from the SPSA clade. Molecular evolution analysis based on Ka/Ks ratios suggested that polyploidy reduced the selection pressure of SPS genes in Saccharum species. To explore the potential gene functions, the SPS expression patterns were analyzed based on RNA-seq and proteome dataset, and the sugar content was detected using metabolomics analysis. All the SPS members presented the trend of increasing expression in the sink-source transition along the developmental gradient of leaves, suggesting that the SPSs are involved in the photosynthesis in both Saccharum species as their function in dicots. Moreover, SPSs showed the higher expression in S. spontaneum and presented expressional preference between stem (SPSA) and leaf (SPSB) tissue, speculating they might be involved in the differentia of carbohydrate metabolism in these two Saccharum species, which required further verification from experiments. CONCLUSIONS SPSA and SPSB genes presented relatively high expression and differential expression patterns between the two Saccharum species, indicating these two SPSs are important in the formation of regulatory networks and sucrose traits in the two Saccharum species. SPSB was suggested to be a major contributor to the sugar accumulation because it presented the highest expressional level and its expression positively correlated with sugar content. The recently duplicated SPSD2 presented divergent expression levels between the two Saccharum species and the relative protein content levels were highest in stem, supporting the neofunctionalization of the SPSD subfamily in Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Lanping Chen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007 China
| | - Haibao Tang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
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Bilska-Kos A, Mytych J, Suski S, Magoń J, Ochodzki P, Zebrowski J. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS) and their products in the leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays at low temperature. PLANTA 2020; 252:23. [PMID: 32676847 PMCID: PMC7366575 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the expression of key sugar metabolism enzymes (SPS and SUS), sucrose content and arrangement of chloroplast starch may play a significant role in the cold response in M. giganteus and maize plants. To understand the mechanism of the chilling-response of two closely-related C4 plants, we investigated the changes in the expression of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) as well as changes in their potential products: sucrose, cellulose and starch in the leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays. Low temperature (12-14 °C) increased SPS content in Miscanthus (MG) and chilling-sensitive maize line (Zm-S), but not in chilling-tolerant one (Zm-T). In Zm-S line, chilling also caused the higher intensity of labelling of SPS in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. SUS labelling was also increased by cold stress only in MG plants what was observed in the secondary wall between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, as well as in the vacuoles of companion cells. Cold led to a marked increase in total starch grain area in the chloroplasts of Zm-S line. In turn, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed a slight shift in the cellulose band position, which may indicate the formation of more compact cellulose arrangement in Zm-T maize line. In conclusion, this work presents new findings supporting diversified cold-response, not only between two C4 plant species but also within one species of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilska-Kos
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland.
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 2, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Magoń
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
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Optimization of nucleotide sugar supply for polysaccharide formation via thermodynamic buffering. Biochem J 2020; 477:341-356. [PMID: 31967651 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch) are either direct (i.e. leaf starch) or indirect products of photosynthesis, and they belong to the most abundant organic compounds in nature. Although each of these polymers is made by a specific enzymatic machinery, frequently in different cell locations, details of their synthesis share certain common features. Thus, the production of these polysaccharides is preceded by the formation of nucleotide sugars catalyzed by fully reversible reactions of various enzymes, mostly pyrophosphorylases. These 'buffering' enzymes are, generally, quite active and operate close to equilibrium. The nucleotide sugars are then used as substrates for irreversible reactions of various polysaccharide-synthesizing glycosyltransferases ('engine' enzymes), e.g. plastidial starch synthases, or plasma membrane-bound cellulose synthase and callose synthase, or ER/Golgi-located variety of glycosyltransferases forming hemicellulose and pectin backbones. Alternatively, the irreversible step might also be provided by a carrier transporting a given immediate precursor across a membrane. Here, we argue that local equilibria, established within metabolic pathways and cycles resulting in polysaccharide production, bring stability to the system via the arrangement of a flexible supply of nucleotide sugars. This metabolic system is itself under control of adenylate kinase and nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, which determine the availability of nucleotides (adenylates, uridylates, guanylates and cytidylates) and Mg2+, the latter serving as a feedback signal from the nucleotide metabolome. Under these conditions, the supply of nucleotide sugars to engine enzymes is stable and constant, and the metabolic process becomes optimized in its load and consumption, making the system steady and self-regulated.
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Kuang CH, Zhao XF, Yang K, Zhang ZP, Ding L, Pu ZE, Ma J, Jiang QT, Chen GY, Wang JR, Wei YM, Zheng YL, Li W. Mapping and characterization of major QTL for spike traits in common wheat. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1295-1307. [PMID: 32549690 PMCID: PMC7266891 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The spike traits of wheat can directly affect yield. F2 and F2:3 lines derived from the cross of the multi-spikelet female 10-A and the uni-spikelet male BE89 were used to detect QTLs for spike length (SL), total spikelet number per spike (TSS), kernel number per spike (KNS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) in four different environments. A total of 1098 SNP and 5 SSR were used to construct genetic map of 2398.1 cM with the average distance of 2.2 cM between markers. A total of 11 QTLs were identified for spike traits, including three QTLs for SL, five QTLs for TSS, two QTLs for KNS and one QTL for TKW. The QTLs mapped to chromosomes 2D, 4A, 6A, 7A and 7B explained 8.2-37.8% of the phenotypic variation in single environment. The major QTL confidence interval with distance of 0.5 cM was located on chromosome 4A and detected in multiple environments, which can explain more than 30% of the phenotypic variation for SL, TSS and KNS. Combining IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and RNA-seq data for 10-A and BE89, we identified 16 genes expressed on spike or grain in four QTL regions. These findings provide insights into improving wheat yield through increasing spikletes in wheat, particularly through the use of the multi-spikelet female 10-A for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-En Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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