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Demircan N, Sonmez MC, Akyol TY, Ozgur R, Turkan I, Dietz KJ, Uzilday B. Alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytes as a safety valve for controlling ROS production during salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14397. [PMID: 38894507 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Electron fluxes depend on environmental parameters, e.g., ionic and osmotic conditions and endogenous factors, and this may cause severe imbalances. Plants have evolved alternative sinks to balance the reductive load on the electron transport chains in order to avoid overreduction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to cope with environmental stresses. These sinks act primarily as valves for electron drainage and secondarily as regulators of tolerance-related metabolism, utilizing the excess reductive energy. High salinity is an environmental stressor that stimulates the generation of ROS and oxidative stress, which affects growth and development by disrupting the redox homeostasis of plants. While glycophytic plants are sensitive to high salinity, halophytic plants tolerate, grow, and reproduce at high salinity. Various studies have examined the ETC systems of glycophytic plants, however, information about the state and regulation of ETCs in halophytes under non-saline and saline conditions is scarce. This review focuses on alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytic plants. In cases where information on halophytes is lacking, we examined the available knowledge on the relationship between alternative sinks and gradual salinity resilience of glycophytes. To this end, transcriptional responses of involved components of photosynthetic and respiratory ETCs were compared between the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula, and the time-courses of these transcripts were examined in A. thaliana. The observed regulatory patterns are discussed in the context of reactive molecular species formation in halophytes and glycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Demircan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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2
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Ehmke L, Hause G, Klösgen RB, Bennewitz B. Preparation of physiologically active inside-out vesicles from plant inner mitochondrial membranes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216227. [PMID: 37441180 PMCID: PMC10333538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
For many metabolites, the major barrier between cytosol and mitochondrial matrix is the inner membrane of mitochondria, the site of the respiratory electron transport chain. In consequence, it houses numerous transporters which facilitate the controlled exchange of metabolites, ions, and even proteins between these cellular compartments. While their import into the organelle can be studied with isolated mitochondria or mitoplasts, the analysis of their export from the matrix into the intermembrane space or even the cytosol demands for more sophisticated approaches. Among those, inside-out inner membrane vesicles are particularly useful, since they allow the direct presentation of the potential export substrates to the membrane without prior import into the organelle. Here we present a protocol for the isolation of such inside-out vesicles of the inner membrane of plant mitochondria based on repeated freeze/thaw-cycles of freshly prepared mitoplasts. Electron microscopy and Western analysis could show that the majority of the vesicles have single envelope membranes in an inside-out topology. The vesicles are furthermore physiologically active, as demonstrated by assays measuring the enzymatic activities of Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), Complex V (ATP synthase) and the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) associated with Complex III. Hence, the method presented here provides a good basis for further studies of the inner mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial export processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Ehmke
- Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ralf Bernd Klösgen
- Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Bationa Bennewitz
- Institute of Biology-Plant Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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3
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Fedotova OA, Polyakova EA, Grabelnych OI. Ca 2+-dependent oxidation of exogenous NADH and NADPH by the mitochondria of spring wheat and its relation with AOX capacity and ROS content at high temperatures. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 283:153943. [PMID: 36841182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a plant cell under high temperature. Mitochondrial alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (type II NAD(P)H DHs) and cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX) can regulate ROS production, but their role at high temperatures is unknown. This study investigates the influence heat acclimation (37 °C) and heat shock (50 °C) temperatures on ROS content, activity and protein abundance of external Ca2+-dependent NAD(P)H DHs (NDB) and AOX in mitochondria of 4- and 8-day-old seedlings of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Novosibirskya 29). The shoots of 4-day-old seedlings contained more carbohydrates, had a higher rate of total respiration and a high rate of oxidation of exogenous NADH, a greater AOX capacity and a lower of ROS content, as compared to leaves of 8-day-old seedlings, and were more resistant to heat shock. The activity of external NADH DH was higher than the one of NADPH DH in mitochondria of both shoots and leaves. At 37 °C, high NADH oxidation was associated with increased AOX capacity in mitochondria of both shoots and leaves, whereas NADPH oxidation with COX capacity. At 50 °C, the NADPH oxidation by shoots' mitochondria increased and the NADH oxidation stayed high. The content of NDB and AOX proteins depends on heat treatments and differs between mitochondria of shoots and leaves. Our data indicate that Ca2+-dependent type II NAD(P)H DHs can regulate the ROS content and together with AOX are involved in heat tolerance, depending on the development phase of spring wheat and is, probably, tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Fedotova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Polyakova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga I Grabelnych
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
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4
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Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AF, Buck SA, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Gilliham M, Millar AH, Pogson BJ, Reynolds MP, Ruan Y, Taylor NL, Tyerman SD, Atkin OK. Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:60-77. [PMID: 36251512 PMCID: PMC10100352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential (Y p ) of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component ofY p that has yet to be optimised - that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass (ε c ) via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production (ε prod ) and efficiency of ATP use (ε use ). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential forε prod to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improveε use via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high-throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step-change in yield potential of globally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- College of Science, Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnshireLN2 2LGUK
| | - Andrew F. Bowerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Sally A. Buck
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El BatanTexcoco56237Mexico
| | - Yong‐Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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5
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Barreto P, Koltun A, Nonato J, Yassitepe J, Maia IDG, Arruda P. Metabolism and Signaling of Plant Mitochondria in Adaptation to Environmental Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911176. [PMID: 36232478 PMCID: PMC9570015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of mitochondria with cellular components evolved differently in plants and mammals; in plants, the organelle contains proteins such as ALTERNATIVE OXIDASES (AOXs), which, in conjunction with internal and external ALTERNATIVE NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASES, allow canonical oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to be bypassed. Plant mitochondria also contain UNCOUPLING PROTEINS (UCPs) that bypass OXPHOS. Recent work revealed that OXPHOS bypass performed by AOXs and UCPs is linked with new mechanisms of mitochondrial retrograde signaling. AOX is functionally associated with the NO APICAL MERISTEM transcription factors, which mediate mitochondrial retrograde signaling, while UCP1 can regulate the plant oxygen-sensing mechanism via the PRT6 N-Degron. Here, we discuss the crosstalk or the independent action of AOXs and UCPs on mitochondrial retrograde signaling associated with abiotic stress responses. We also discuss how mitochondrial function and retrograde signaling mechanisms affect chloroplast function. Additionally, we discuss how mitochondrial inner membrane transporters can mediate mitochondrial communication with other organelles. Lastly, we review how mitochondrial metabolism can be used to improve crop resilience to environmental stresses. In this respect, we particularly focus on the contribution of Brazilian research groups to advances in the topic of mitochondrial metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Koltun
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nonato
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yassitepe
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Embrapa Agricultura Digital, Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Ivan de Godoy Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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6
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Racca S, Gras DE, Canal MV, Ferrero LV, Rojas BE, Figueroa CM, Ariel FD, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Cytochrome c and the transcription factor ABI4 establish a molecular link between mitochondria and ABA-dependent seed germination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1780-1795. [PMID: 35637555 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During germination, seed reserves are mobilised to sustain the metabolic and energetic demands of plant growth. Mitochondrial respiration is presumably required to drive germination in several species, but only recently its role in this process has begun to be elucidated. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with changes in the levels of the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), we investigated the role of this protein in germination and its relationship with hormonal pathways. Cytochrome c deficiency causes delayed seed germination, which correlates with decreased cyanide-sensitive respiration and ATP production at the onset of germination. In addition, CYTc affects the sensitivity of germination to abscisic acid (ABA), which negatively regulates the expression of CYTC-2, one of two CYTc-encoding genes in Arabidopsis. CYTC-2 acts downstream of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), which binds to a region of the CYTC-2 promoter required for repression by ABA and regulates its expression. The results show that CYTc is a main player during seed germination through its role in respiratory metabolism and energy production. In addition, the direct regulation of CYTC-2 by ABI4 and its effect on ABA-responsive germination establishes a link between mitochondrial and hormonal functions during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Canal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucía V Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico D Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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7
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Mazorra Morales LM, Cosme Silva GM, Santana DB, Pireda SF, Dorighetto Cogo AJ, Heringer ÂS, de Oliveira TDR, Reis RS, Dos Santos Prado LA, de Oliveira AV, Silveira V, Da Cunha M, Barros CF, Façanha AR, Baldet P, Bartoli CG, da Silva MG, Oliveira JG. Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with ascorbate synthesis in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:55-68. [PMID: 35661586 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major organelles of energy production; however, active mitochondria can decline their energetic role and show a dysfunctional status. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced by high non-physiological level of L-galactone-1,4-lactone (L-GalL), the precursor of ascorbate (AsA), in plant mitochondria. The dysfunction induced by L-GalL was associated with the fault in the mitochondrial electron partition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production. Using mitochondria from RNAi-plant lines harbouring silenced L-galactone-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (L-GalLDH) activity, it was demonstrated that such dysfunction is dependent on this enzyme activity. The capacity of alternative respiration was strongly decreased by L-GalL, probably mediated by redox-inactivation of the alternative oxidase (AOX) enzyme. Although, alternative respiration was shown to be the key factor that helps support AsA synthesis in dysfunctional mitochondria. Experiments with respiratory inhibitors showed that ROS formation and mitochondrial dysfunction were more associated with the decline in the activities of COX (cytochrome oxidase) and particularly AOX than with the lower activities of respiratory complexes I and III. The application of high L-GalL concentrations induced proteomic changes that indicated alterations in proteins related to oxidative stress and energetic status. However, supra-optimal L-GalL concentration was not deleterious for plants. Instead, the L-GalLDH activity could be positive. Indeed, it was found that wild type plants performed better growth than L-GalLDH-RNAi plants in response to high non-physiological L-GalL concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Mazorra Morales
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil; Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Centro de Ciência Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Michelle Cosme Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Diederson Bortolini Santana
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Saulo F Pireda
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Schuabb Heringer
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Dos Reis de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Reis
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luís Alfredo Dos Santos Prado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André Vicente de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maura Da Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cláudia F Barros
- Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro - IPJBRJ, Brazil
| | - Arnoldo R Façanha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bordeaux 1, Université Victor Ségalen-Bordeaux 2, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 103, Unité Mixte de Recherche 619 sur la Biologie du Fruit, Centre de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Bordeaux, BP 81, 33883, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Carlos G Bartoli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET, cc327 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Centro de Ciência Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jurandi G Oliveira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 28013-602, Brazil.
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8
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Gureev AP, Sitnikov VV, Pogorelov DI, Vitkalova IY, Igamberdiev AU, Popov VN. The effect of pesticides on the NADH-supported mitochondrial respiration of permeabilized potato mitochondria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105056. [PMID: 35430060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can seriously affect the respiratory chain of the mitochondria of many crops, reducing the intensity of plant growth and its yield. Studying the effect of pesticides on the bioenergetic parameters of intact plant mitochondria is a promising approach for assessing their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of some pesticides on isolated potato mitochondria, which used exogenous NADH as a substrate for respiration. We showed that succinate is the most preferred substrate for phosphorylating respiration of intact potato tubers mitochondria. Potato mitochondria poorly oxidize exogenous NADH, despite of the presence of external NADH dehydrogenases. Permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane with alamethicin increased the availability of exogenous NADH to complex I. However, the pathway of electrons through complex I to complex IV makes intact potato mitochondria susceptible to a number of pesticides such as difenoconazole, fenazaquin, pyridaben and tolfenpyrad, which strongly inhibit the rate of mitochondrial respiration. However, these pesticides only slightly inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption during succinate-supported respiration. Dithianon, the inhibitor of Complex II, is the only pesticide which significantly increased the respiratory rate of NADH-supported respiration of permeabilized mitochondria of potato. Thus, it can be assumed that the alternative NADH dehydrogenases for electron flow represent a factor responsible for plant resistance to xenobiotics, such as mitochondria-targeted pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia; Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Vadim V Sitnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia; Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Daniil I Pogorelov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
| | - Inna Yu Vitkalova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia.
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia; Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia
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9
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Ženíšková K, Grechnikova M, Sutak R. Copper Metabolism in Naegleria gruberi and Its Deadly Relative Naegleria fowleri. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:853463. [PMID: 35478954 PMCID: PMC9035749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.853463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although copper is an essential nutrient crucial for many biological processes, an excessive concentration can be toxic and lead to cell death. The metabolism of this two-faced metal must be strictly regulated at the cell level. In this study, we investigated copper homeostasis in two related unicellular organisms: nonpathogenic Naegleria gruberi and the “brain-eating amoeba” Naegleria fowleri. We identified and confirmed the function of their specific copper transporters securing the main pathway of copper acquisition. Adjusting to different environments with varying copper levels during the life cycle of these organisms requires various metabolic adaptations. Using comparative proteomic analyses, measuring oxygen consumption, and enzymatic determination of NADH dehydrogenase, we showed that both amoebas respond to copper deprivation by upregulating the components of the branched electron transport chain: the alternative oxidase and alternative NADH dehydrogenase. Interestingly, analysis of iron acquisition indicated that this system is copper-dependent in N. gruberi but not in its pathogenic relative. Importantly, we identified a potential key protein of copper metabolism of N. gruberi, the homolog of human DJ-1 protein, which is known to be linked to Parkinson’s disease. Altogether, our study reveals the mechanisms underlying copper metabolism in the model amoeba N. gruberi and the fatal pathogen N. fowleri and highlights the differences between the two amoebas.
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Mendez-Romero O, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Thriving in Oxygen While Preventing ROS Overproduction: No Two Systems Are Created Equal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874321. [PMID: 35444563 PMCID: PMC9013945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago, atmospheric oxygen concentration [O2] rose thousands of times, leading to the first mass extinction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by the non-catalyzed partial reduction of O2 were highly toxic eliminating many species. Survivors developed different strategies to cope with ROS toxicity. At the same time, using O2 as the final acceptor in respiratory chains increased ATP production manifold. Thus, both O2 and ROS were strong drivers of evolution, as species optimized aerobic metabolism while developing ROS-neutralizing mechanisms. The first line of defense is preventing ROS overproduction and two mechanisms were developed in parallel: 1) Physiological uncoupling systems (PUS), which increase the rate of electron fluxes in respiratory systems. 2) Avoidance of excess [O2]. However, it seems that as avoidance efficiency improved, PUSs became less efficient. PUS includes branched respiratory chains and proton sinks, which may be proton specific, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or unspecific, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). High [O2] avoidance also involved different strategies: 1) Cell association, as in biofilms or in multi-cellularity allowed gas-permeable organisms (oxyconformers) from bacterial to arthropods to exclude O2. 2) Motility, to migrate from hypoxic niches. 3) Oxyregulator organisms: as early as in fish, and O2-impermeable epithelium excluded all gases and only exact amounts entered through specialized respiratory systems. Here we follow the parallel evolution of PUS and O2-avoidance, PUS became less critical and lost efficiency. In regard, to proton sinks, there is fewer evidence on their evolution, although UCPs have indeed drifted in function while in some species it is not clear whether PTPs exist.
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Møller IM, Rasmusson AG, Van Aken O. Plant mitochondria - past, present and future. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:912-959. [PMID: 34528296 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the basic properties of plant mitochondria and plant respiration using biochemical and physiological approaches. A number of unique properties (compared to mammalian mitochondria) were observed: (i) the ability to oxidize malate, glycine and cytosolic NAD(P)H at high rates; (ii) the partial insensitivity to rotenone, which turned out to be due to the presence of a second NADH dehydrogenase on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane in addition to the classical Complex I NADH dehydrogenase; and (iii) the partial insensitivity to cyanide, which turned out to be due to an alternative oxidase, which is also located on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, in addition to the classical Complex IV, cytochrome oxidase. With the appearance of molecular biology methods around 1985, followed by genomics, further unique properties were discovered: (iv) plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 10-600 times larger than the mammalian mtDNA, yet it only contains approximately 50% more genes; (v) plant mtDNA has kept the standard genetic code, and it has a low divergence rate with respect to point mutations, but a high recombinatorial activity; (vi) mitochondrial mRNA maturation includes a uniquely complex set of activities for processing, splicing and editing (at hundreds of sites); (vii) recombination in mtDNA creates novel reading frames that can produce male sterility; and (viii) plant mitochondria have a large proteome with 2000-3000 different proteins containing many unique proteins such as 200-300 pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. We describe the present and fairly detailed picture of the structure and function of plant mitochondria and how the unique properties make their metabolism more flexible allowing them to be involved in many diverse processes in the plant cell, such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, CAM and C4 metabolism, heat production, temperature control, stress resistance mechanisms, programmed cell death and genomic evolution. However, it is still a challenge to understand how the regulation of metabolism and mtDNA expression works at the cellular level and how retrograde signaling from the mitochondria coordinates all those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Le XH, Lee CP, Millar AH. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex mediates one of three pyruvate-supplying pathways that sustain Arabidopsis respiratory metabolism. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2776-2793. [PMID: 34137858 PMCID: PMC8408480 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Malate oxidation by plant mitochondria enables the generation of both oxaloacetate and pyruvate for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function, potentially eliminating the need for pyruvate transport into mitochondria in plants. Here, we show that the absence of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) causes the co-commitment loss of its putative orthologs, MPC3/MPC4, and eliminates pyruvate transport into Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria, proving it is essential for MPC complex function. While the loss of either MPC or mitochondrial pyruvate-generating NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) did not cause vegetative phenotypes, the lack of both reduced plant growth and caused an increase in cellular pyruvate levels, indicating a block in respiratory metabolism, and elevated the levels of branched-chain amino acids at night, a sign of alterative substrate provision for respiration. 13C-pyruvate feeding of leaves lacking MPC showed metabolic homeostasis was largely maintained except for alanine and glutamate, indicating that transamination contributes to the restoration of the metabolic network to an operating equilibrium by delivering pyruvate independently of MPC into the matrix. Inhibition of alanine aminotransferases when MPC1 is absent resulted in extremely retarded phenotypes in Arabidopsis, suggesting all pyruvate-supplying enzymes work synergistically to support the TCA cycle for sustained plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen H. Le
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Chun-Pong Lee
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- Author for correspondence:
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Li J, Chen S, Huang J, Chen H, Chen Z, Wen Y. New Target in an Old Enemy: Herbicide ( R)-Dichlorprop Induces Ferroptosis-like Death in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7554-7564. [PMID: 34196530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential microelement in plants that is involved in several growth processes. The use of herbicides may cause the abnormal aggregation of iron in leaves, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we show that chiral herbicide (R)-dichlorprop ((R)-DCPP) triggers ferroptosis-like death in Arabidopsis thaliana. (R)-DCPP led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron aggregation, and these processes were iron dependent. Under (R)-DCPP treatment, ROS, lipid hydrogen peroxides, and malondialdehyde were significantly accumulated. In addition, (R)-DCPP induced the depletion of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and glutathione peroxidase as well as the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. Thus, oxidation imbalance led to cell death, and this mode of action could be inhibited by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 or ciclopirox olamine. NADPH oxidases were found to be involved in herbicide-induced ROS accumulation, and lipoxygenase and NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidase were shown to positively regulate (R)-DCPP-induced lipid peroxidation. Overall, these results indicate that the iron- and ROS-dependent signaling cascades were involved in the (R)-DCPP-induced phytotoxicity pathway, which disrupted the structure of plant cell membranes and triggered ferroptosis. Generally, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms of pesticide phytotoxicity and suggests new therapeutic directions to protect nontarget plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinye Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Khlopkov A, Sherstneva O, Ladeynova M, Grinberg M, Yudina L, Sukhov V, Vodeneev V. Participation of calcium ions in induction of respiratory response caused by variation potential in pea seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1869415. [PMID: 33404323 PMCID: PMC7971294 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1869415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals in plants caused by external stimuli are capable of inducing various physiological responses. The mechanisms of transformation of a long-distance electrical signal (ES) into a functional response remain largely unexplored and require additional research. In this work, we investigated the role of calcium ions in the development of ES-induced respiratory response. Gradual heating of the leaf causes the propagation of variation potential (VP) in the pea seedling. The propagation of VP leads to a transient activation of respiration in an unaffected leaf. During the VP generation, a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration takes place. A calcium channel blocker inhibits the respiratory response, and a calcium ionophore induces the activation of respiration. Inhibitory analysis has showed that the VP-induced increase in respiration activity is probably associated with calcium-mediated activation of rotenone-insensitive alternative NADPH dehydrogenases in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Khlopkov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oksana Sherstneva
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina Grinberg
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Bottani E, Lamperti C, Prigione A, Tiranti V, Persico N, Brunetti D. Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Mitochondrial Diseases: "One-Size-Fits-All" and "Precision Medicine" Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1083. [PMID: 33187380 PMCID: PMC7696526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) refer to a group of severe, often inherited genetic conditions due to mutations in the mitochondrial genome or in the nuclear genes encoding for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mutations hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, affecting the primary source of cellular ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. The limited information of the natural history, the limitations of currently available preclinical models, coupled with the large variability of phenotypical presentations of PMD patients, have strongly penalized the development of effective therapies. However, new therapeutic strategies have been emerging, often with promising preclinical and clinical results. Here we review the state of the art on experimental treatments for mitochondrial diseases, presenting "one-size-fits-all" approaches and precision medicine strategies. Finally, we propose novel perspective therapeutic plans, either based on preclinical studies or currently used for other genetic or metabolic diseases that could be transferred to PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich Heine University (HHU), 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
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16
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Del Mondo A, Smerilli A, Sané E, Sansone C, Brunet C. Challenging microalgal vitamins for human health. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:201. [PMID: 33138823 PMCID: PMC7607653 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins' deficiency in humans is an important threat worldwide and requires solutions. In the concept of natural biofactory for bioactive compounds production, microalgae represent one of the most promising targets filling many biotechnological applications, and allowing the development of an eco-sustainable production of natural bioactive metabolites. Vitamins are probably one of the cutting edges of microalgal diversity compounds. MAIN TEXT Microalgae can usefully provide many of the required vitamins in humans, more than terrestrial plants, for instance. Indeed, vitamins D and K, little present in many plants or fruits, are instead available from microalgae. The same occurs for some vitamins B (B12, B9, B6), while the other vitamins (A, C, D, E) are also provided by microalgae. This large panel of vitamins diversity in microalgal cells represents an exploitable platform in order to use them as natural vitamins' producers for human consumption. This study aims to provide an integrative overview on vitamins content in the microalgal realm, and discuss on the great potential of microalgae as sources of different forms of vitamins to be included as functional ingredients in food or nutraceuticals for the human health. We report on the biological roles of vitamins in microalgae, the current knowledge on their modulation by environmental or biological forcing and on the biological activity of the different vitamins in human metabolism and health protection. CONCLUSION Finally, we critically discuss the challenges for promoting microalgae as a relevant source of vitamins, further enhancing the interests of microalgal "biofactory" for biotechnological applications, such as in nutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabet Sané
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
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Van Ginkel SW, El-Sayed WM, Johnston R, Narode A, Lee HJ, Bhargava A, Snell T, Chen Y. Prevention of algaculture contamination using pesticides for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Arabidopsis 4-COUMAROYL-COA LIGASE 8 contributes to the biosynthesis of the benzenoid ring of coenzyme Q in peroxisomes. Biochem J 2020; 476:3521-3532. [PMID: 31688904 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved the ability to derive the benzenoid moiety of the respiratory cofactor and antioxidant, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), either from the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate or from the peroxidative cleavage of kaempferol. Here, isotopic feeding assays, gene co-expression analysis and reverse genetics identified Arabidopsis 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE 8 (4-CL8; At5g38120) as a contributor to the β-oxidation of p-coumarate for ubiquinone biosynthesis. The enzyme is part of the same clade (V) of acyl-activating enzymes than At4g19010, a p-coumarate CoA ligase known to play a central role in the conversion of p-coumarate into 4-hydroxybenzoate. A 4-cl8 T-DNA knockout displayed a 20% decrease in ubiquinone content compared with wild-type plants, while 4-CL8 overexpression boosted ubiquinone content up to 150% of the control level. Similarly, the isotopic enrichment of ubiquinone's ring was decreased by 28% in the 4-cl8 knockout as compared with wild-type controls when Phe-[Ring-13C6] was fed to the plants. This metabolic blockage could be bypassed via the exogenous supply of 4-hydroxybenzoate, the product of p-coumarate β-oxidation. Arabidopsis 4-CL8 displays a canonical peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1, and confocal microscopy experiments using fused fluorescent reporters demonstrated that this enzyme is imported into peroxisomes. Time course feeding assays using Phe-[Ring-13C6] in a series of Arabidopsis single and double knockouts blocked in the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate (4-cl8; at4g19010; at4g19010 × 4-cl8), flavonol biosynthesis (flavanone-3-hydroxylase), or both (at4g19010 × flavanone-3-hydroxylase) indicated that continuous high light treatments (500 µE m-2 s-1; 24 h) markedly stimulated the de novo biosynthesis of ubiquinone independently of kaempferol catabolism.
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Rasmusson AG, Escobar MA, Hao M, Podgórska A, Szal B. Mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidation pathways and nitrate/ammonium redox balancing in plants. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:158-165. [PMID: 32485334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is characterised by alternative electron transport pathways with different energetic efficiencies, allowing turnover of cellular redox compounds like NAD(P)H. These electron transport chain pathways are profoundly affected by soil nitrogen availability, most commonly as oxidized nitrate (NO3-) and/or reduced ammonium (NH4+). The bioenergetic strategies involved in assimilating different N sources can alter redox homeostasis and antioxidant systems in different cellular compartments, including the mitochondria and the cell wall. Conversely, changes in mitochondrial redox systems can affect plant responses to N. This review explores the integration between N assimilation, mitochondrial redox metabolism, and apoplast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Rasmusson
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matthew A Escobar
- California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Mengshu Hao
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Podgórska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Sweetman C, Miller TK, Booth NJ, Shavrukov Y, Jenkins CL, Soole KL, Day DA. Identification of Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transport Pathway Components in Chickpea Indicates a Differential Response to Salinity Stress between Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3844. [PMID: 32481694 PMCID: PMC7312301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants contain an alternative electron transport pathway (AP) in their mitochondria, consisting of the alternative oxidase (AOX) and type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) families, that are thought to play a role in controlling oxidative stress responses at the cellular level. These alternative electron transport components have been extensively studied in plants like Arabidopsis and stress inducible isoforms identified, but we know very little about them in the important crop plant chickpea. Here we identify AP components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and explore their response to stress at the transcript level. Based on sequence similarity with the functionally characterized proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, five putative internal (matrix)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDA1-4 and CaNDC1) and four putative external (inter-membrane space)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDB1-4) were identified in chickpea. The corresponding activities were demonstrated for the first time in purified mitochondria of chickpea leaves and roots. Oxidation of matrix NADH generated from malate or glycine in the presence of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone was high compared to other plant species, as was oxidation of exogenous NAD(P)H. In leaf mitochondria, external NADH oxidation was stimulated by exogenous calcium and external NADPH oxidation was essentially calcium dependent. However, in roots these activities were low and largely calcium independent. A salinity experiment with six chickpea cultivars was used to identify salt-responsive alternative oxidase and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene transcripts in leaves from a three-point time series. An analysis of the Na:K ratio and Na content separated these cultivars into high and low Na accumulators. In the high Na accumulators, there was a significant up-regulation of CaAOX1, CaNDB2, CaNDB4, CaNDA3 and CaNDC1 in leaf tissue under long term stress, suggesting the formation of a stress-modified form of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) in leaves of these cultivars. In particular, stress-induced expression of the CaNDB2 gene showed a striking positive correlation with that of CaAOX1 across all genotypes and time points. The coordinated salinity-induced up-regulation of CaAOX1 and CaNDB2 suggests that the mitochondrial alternative pathway of respiration is an important facet of the stress response in chickpea, in high Na accumulators in particular, despite high capacities for both of these activities in leaf mitochondria of non-stressed chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (T.K.M.); (N.J.B.); (Y.S.); (C.L.D.J.); (K.L.S.); (D.A.D.)
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21
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Sako K, Futamura Y, Shimizu T, Matsui A, Hirano H, Kondoh Y, Muroi M, Aono H, Tanaka M, Honda K, Shimizu K, Kawatani M, Nakano T, Osada H, Noguchi K, Seki M. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by the novel compound FSL0260 enhances high salinity-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8691. [PMID: 32457324 PMCID: PMC7250896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical priming is an attractive and promising approach to improve abiotic stress tolerance in a broad variety of plant species. We screened the RIKEN Natural Products Depository (NPDepo) chemical library and identified a novel compound, FSL0260, enhancing salinity-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Through transcriptome analysis using A. thaliana seedlings, treatment of FSL0260 elevated an alternative respiration pathway in mitochondria that modulates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). From comparison analysis, we realized that the alternative respiration pathway was induced by treatment of known mitochondrial inhibitors. We confirmed that known inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, such as rotenone and piericidin A, also enhanced salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated that FSL0260 binds to complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits its activity, suggesting that inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activates an alternative respiration pathway resulting in reduction of ROS accumulation and enhancement of tolerance to salinity in plants. Furthermore, FSL0260 preferentially inhibited plant mitochondrial complex I rather than a mammalian complex, implying that FSL0260 has a potential to be an agent for improving salt-stress tolerance in agriculture that is low toxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan. .,CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Honda
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenshirou Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Biotsudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan. .,CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan. .,Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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22
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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23
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Poór P. Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Metabolism of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E341. [PMID: 32098073 PMCID: PMC7072379 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell organelles such as in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress, inducing defense responses or programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In response to oxidative stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing the antioxidant system, increasing the activity of alternative oxidase and degrading the oxidized proteins. Oxidative stress responses are orchestrated by several phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The biomolecule SA is a key regulator in mitochondria-mediated defense signaling and PCD, but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in mitochondrial ROS metabolism is summarized to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the subcellular level in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Baysal C, Pérez-González A, Eseverri Á, Jiang X, Medina V, Caro E, Rubio L, Christou P, Zhu C. Recognition motifs rather than phylogenetic origin influence the ability of targeting peptides to import nuclear-encoded recombinant proteins into rice mitochondria. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:37-52. [PMID: 31598902 PMCID: PMC7000509 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfil essential functions in respiration and metabolism as well as regulating stress responses and apoptosis. Most native mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and are imported into mitochondria via one of several receptors that recognize N-terminal signal peptides. The targeting of recombinant proteins to mitochondria therefore requires the presence of an appropriate N-terminal peptide, but little is known about mitochondrial import in monocotyledonous plants such as rice (Oryza sativa). To gain insight into this phenomenon, we targeted nuclear-encoded enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to rice mitochondria using six mitochondrial pre-sequences with diverse phylogenetic origins, and investigated their effectiveness by immunoblot analysis as well as confocal and electron microscopy. We found that the ATPA and COX4 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), SU9 (Neurospora crassa), pFA (Arabidopsis thaliana) and OsSCSb (Oryza sativa) peptides successfully directed most of the eGFP to the mitochondria, whereas the MTS2 peptide (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) showed little or no evidence of targeting ability even though it is a native plant sequence. Our data therefore indicate that the presence of particular recognition motifs may be required for mitochondrial targeting, whereas the phylogenetic origin of the pre-sequences probably does not play a key role in the success of mitochondrial targeting in dedifferentiated rice callus and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Baysal
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-González
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Eseverri
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xi Jiang
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Caro
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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25
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Arabidopsis thaliana alternative dehydrogenases: a potential therapy for mitochondrial complex I deficiency? Perspectives and pitfalls. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:236. [PMID: 31665043 PMCID: PMC6821020 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex I (CI or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) deficiency is the most frequent cause of mitochondrial respiratory chain defect. Successful attempts to rescue CI function by introducing an exogenous NADH dehydrogenase, such as the NDI1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScNDI1), have been reported although with drawbacks related to competition with CI. In contrast to ScNDI1, which is permanently active in yeast naturally devoid of CI, plant alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2) support the oxidation of NADH only when the CI is metabolically inactive and conceivably when the concentration of matrix NADH exceeds a certain threshold. We therefore explored the feasibility of CI rescue by NDH-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (At) in human CI defective fibroblasts. RESULTS We showed that, other than ScNDI1, two different NDH-2 (AtNDA2 and AtNDB4) targeted to the mitochondria were able to rescue CI deficiency and decrease oxidative stress as indicated by a normalization of SOD activity in human CI-defective fibroblasts. We further demonstrated that when expressed in human control fibroblasts, AtNDA2 shows an affinity for NADH oxidation similar to that of CI, thus competing with CI for the oxidation of NADH as opposed to our initial hypothesis. This competition reduced the amount of ATP produced per oxygen atom reduced to water by half in control cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, despite their promising potential to rescue CI defects, due to a possible competition with remaining CI activity, plant NDH-2 should be regarded with caution as potential therapeutic tools for human mitochondrial diseases.
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26
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Overexpression of BnaAOX1b Confers Tolerance to Osmotic and Salt Stress in Rapeseed. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3501-3511. [PMID: 31484671 PMCID: PMC6778779 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternative oxidases (AOXs) are the terminal oxidase in the cyanide-resistant respiration pathway in plant mitochondria, which play an important role in abiotic stress and are proposed as a functional marker for high tolerant breeding. In this study, ten AOX genes (BnaAOXs) were identified, and CysI and CysII of AOX isoforms were highly conserved in rapeseed. Among them, Bna.AOX1b was mainly expressed in the ovule and displayed varying expression between rapeseed cultivars which showed different salt resistance in seed germination. We identified its mitochondrial localization of this gene. To investigate the function of BnaAOX1b in rapeseed, transgenic rapeseed lines with overexpressed BnaAOX1b were created and seed germination and seedling establishment assays were performed under osmotic, salt, and ABA treatment. The results indicated that overexpression of BnaAOX1b significantly improved seed germination under osmotic and salt stress and weakened ABA sensitivity. In addition, post-germination seedling growth was improved under high salt condition, but showed hypersensitivity to ABA. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the genes involved in electron transport or energy pathway were induced and a number of gene responses to salt stress and ABA were regulated in Bna.AOX1b overexpressing seeds. Taken together, our results imply that Bna.AOX1b confers tolerance to osmotic and salt stress in terms of seed germination and seedling establishment by regulating stress responsive genes and the response to ABA, and could be utilized as a candidate gene in transgenic breeding.
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27
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Abstract
Eukaryotic life has developed a fascinating and highly optimized system for energy transduction: the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Typically composed of five core protein complexes, we now learn from two studies that plant hemi-parasites of the type Viscum cope without Complex I, the entry point of the classical respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Westfälische Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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28
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Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and alternative oxidase: Proposed physiological roles in animals. Mitochondrion 2019; 45:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Hassani D, Khalid M, Huang D, Zhang YD. Morphophysiological and molecular evidence supporting the augmentative role of Piriformospora indica in mitigation of salinity in Cucumis melo L. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:301-312. [PMID: 30883647 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major limiting factors in plant growth and productivity. Cucumis melo L. is a widely cultivated plant, but its productivity is significantly influenced by the level of salinity in soil. Symbiotic colonization of plants with Piriformospora indica has shown a promotion in plants growth and tolerance against biotic stress. In this study, physiological markers such as ion analysis, antioxidant determination, proline content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll measurement were assessed in melon cultivar under two concentrations (100 and 200 mM) of NaCl with and without P. indica inoculation. Results showed that the endophytic inoculation consistently upregulated the level of antioxidants, enhanced plants to antagonize salinity stress. The expression level of an RNA editing factor (SLO2) which is known to participate in mitochondria electron transport chain was analyzed, and its full mRNA sequence was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Under salinity stress, the expression level of SLO2 was increased, enhancing the plant's capability to adapt to the stress. However, P. indica inoculation further elevated the expression level of SLO2. These findings suggested that the symbiotic association of fungi could help the plants to tolerate the salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hassani
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Kerbler SM, Taylor NL, Millar AH. Cold sensitivity of mitochondrial ATP synthase restricts oxidative phosphorylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1776-1788. [PMID: 30281799 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined action of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase is essential in determining energy efficiency in plants, and so is important for cellular biosynthesis, growth and development. Owing to the sessile nature of plants, mitochondria must operate over a wide temperature range in the environment, necessitating a broad temperature tolerance of their biochemical reactions. We investigated the temperature response of mitochondrial respiratory processes in isolated mitochondria and intact plants of Arabidopsis thaliana and considered the effect of instantaneous responses to temperature and acclimation responses to low temperatures. We show that at 4°C the plant mitochondrial ATP synthase is differentially inhibited compared with other elements of the respiratory pathway, leading to decreased ADP : oxygen ratios and a limitation to the rate of ATP synthesis. This effect persists in vivo and cannot be overcome by cold-temperature acclimation of plants. This mechanism adds a new element to the respiratory acclimation model and provides a direct means of temperature perception by plant mitochondria. This also provides an alternative explanation for non-phosphorylating ETC bypass mechanisms, like the alternative oxidase to maintain respiratory rates, albeit at lower ATP synthesis efficiency, in response to the sensitivity of ATP synthase to the prevailing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Kerbler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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31
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Antos-Krzeminska N, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Alternative Type II NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases in the Mitochondria of Protists and Fungi. Protist 2018; 170:21-37. [PMID: 30553126 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants, fungi, and some protists possess a more branched electron transport chain in their mitochondria compared to canonical one. In these organisms, the electron transport chain contains several rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. Some are located on the outer surface, and others are located on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The putative role of these enzymes still remains elusive, but they may prevent the overreduction of the electron transport chain components and decrease the production of reaction oxygen species as a consequence. The last two decades resulted in the discovery of alternative rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases present in representatives of fungi and protozoa. The aim of this review is to gather and focus on current information concerning molecular and functional properties, regulation, and the physiological role of fungal and protozoan alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Antos-Krzeminska
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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32
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Hüdig M, Schmitz J, Engqvist MKM, Maurino VG. Biochemical control systems for small molecule damage in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1477906. [PMID: 29944438 PMCID: PMC6103286 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1477906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As a system, plant metabolism is far from perfect: small molecules (metabolites, cofactors, coenzymes, and inorganic molecules) are frequently damaged by unwanted enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Here, we discuss the emerging principles in small molecule damage biology. We propose that plants evolved at least three distinct systems to control small molecule damage: (i) repair, which returns a damaged molecule to its original state; (ii) scavenging, which converts reactive molecules to harmless products; and (iii) steering, in which the possible formation of a damaged molecule is suppressed. We illustrate the concept of small molecule damage control in plants by describing specific examples for each of these three categories. We highlight interesting insights that we expect future research will provide on those systems, and we discuss promising strategies to discover new small molecule damage-control systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hüdig
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Schmitz
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. K. M. Engqvist
- Department of Biology and Biological engineering, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. G. Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Rockenbach MF, Corrêa CCG, Heringer AS, Freitas ILJ, Santa-Catarina C, do Amaral-Júnior AT, Silveira V. Differentially abundant proteins associated with heterosis in the primary roots of popcorn. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197114. [PMID: 29758068 PMCID: PMC5951555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heterosis has significantly contributed to increases in worldwide crop production, the molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are still unknown. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomic approach to explore hybrid vigor via the proteome of both the popcorn L54 ♀ and P8 ♂ genotypes and the resultant UENF/UEM01 hybrid cross. To analyze the differentially abundant proteins involved in heterosis, we used the primary roots of these genotypes to analyze growth parameters and extract proteins. The results of the growth parameter analysis showed that the mid- and best-parent heterosis were positive for root length and root dry matter but negative for root fresh matter, seedling fresh matter, and protein content. The comparative proteomic analysis identified 1343 proteins in the primary roots of hybrid UENF/UEM01 and its parental lines; 220 proteins were differentially regulated in terms of protein abundance. The mass spectrometry proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier “PXD009436”. A total of 62 regulated proteins were classified as nonadditive, of which 53.2% were classified as high parent abundance (+), 17.8% as above-high parent abundance (+ +), 16.1% as below-low parent abundance (− −), and 12.9% as low parent abundance (-). A total of 22 biological processes were associated with nonadditive proteins; processes involving translation, ribosome biogenesis, and energy-related metabolism represented 45.2% of the nonadditive proteins. Our results suggest that heterosis in the popcorn hybrid UENF/UEM01 at an early stage of plant development is associated with an up-regulation of proteins related to synthesis and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias F. Rockenbach
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio C. G. Corrêa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angelo S. Heringer
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ismael L. J. Freitas
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio T. do Amaral-Júnior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (VS); (ATAJ)
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (VS); (ATAJ)
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Racca S, Welchen E, Gras DE, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Maurino VG, Gonzalez DH. Interplay between cytochrome c and gibberellins during Arabidopsis vegetative development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:105-121. [PMID: 29385297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of reducing the levels of the mitochondrial electron carrier cytochrome c (CYTc) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves. CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day, and contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins, involved in GA signaling. GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants, which also show a lower raise in ATP levels in response to glucose. Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins, thus mimicking the effects of CYTc deficiency. In addition, an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis. We conclude that CYTc levels impinge on the activity of the GA pathway, most likely through changes in mitochondrial energy production. In this way, hormone-dependent growth would be coupled to the activity of components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Alternative mitochondrial respiratory chains from two crustaceans: Artemia franciscana nauplii and the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:143-152. [PMID: 29594796 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP is synthesized by coupling between the electron transport chain and complex V. In contrast, physiological uncoupling of these processes allows mitochondria to consume oxygen at high rates without ATP synthesis. Such uncoupling mechanisms prevent reactive oxygen species overproduction. One of these mechanisms are the alternative redox enzymes from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which may help cells to maintain homeostasis under stress independently of ATP synthesis. To date, no reports have been published on alternative redox enzymes in crustaceans mitochondria. Specific inhibitors were used to identify alternative redox enzymes in mitochondria isolated from Artemia franciscana nauplii, and the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. We report the presence of two alternative redox enzymes in the respiratory chain of A. franciscana nauplii, whose isolated mitochondria used glycerol-3-phosphate as a substrate, suggesting the existence of a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, cyanide and octyl-gallate were necessary to fully inhibit this species' mitochondrial oxygen consumption, suggesting an alternative oxidase is present. The in-gel activity analysis confirmed that additional mitochondrial redox proteins exist in A. franciscana. A mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidase was identified by protein sequencing as part of a branched respiratory chain, and an alternative oxidase was also identified in this species by western blot. These results indicate different adaptive mechanisms from artemia to face environmental challenges related to the changing levels of oxygen concentration in seawater through their life cycles. No alternative redox enzymes were found in shrimp mitochondria, further efforts will determine the existence of an uncoupling mechanism such as uncoupling proteins.
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Wanniarachchi VR, Dametto L, Sweetman C, Shavrukov Y, Day DA, Jenkins CLD, Soole KL. Alternative Respiratory Pathway Component Genes (AOX and ND) in Rice and Barley and Their Response to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E915. [PMID: 29558397 PMCID: PMC5877776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have a non-energy conserving bypass of the classical mitochondrial cytochrome c pathway, known as the alternative respiratory pathway (AP). This involves type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (NDs) on both sides of the mitochondrial inner membrane, ubiquinone, and the alternative oxidase (AOX). The AP components have been widely characterised from Arabidopsis, but little is known for monocot species. We have identified all the genes encoding components of the AP in rice and barley and found the key genes which respond to oxidative stress conditions. In both species, AOX is encoded by four genes; in rice OsAOX1a, 1c, 1d and 1e representing four clades, and in barley, HvAOX1a, 1c, 1d1 and 1d2, but no 1e. All three subfamilies of plant ND genes, NDA, NDB and NDC are present in both rice and barley, but there are fewer NDB genes compared to Arabidopsis. Cyanide treatment of both species, along with salt treatment of rice and drought treatment of barley led to enhanced expression of various AP components; there was a high level of co-expression of AOX1a and AOX1d, along with NDB3 during the stress treatments, reminiscent of the co-expression that has been well characterised in Arabidopsis for AtAOX1a and AtNDB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajira R Wanniarachchi
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Lettee Dametto
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Petereit J, Katayama K, Lorenz C, Ewert L, Schertl P, Kitsche A, Wada H, Frentzen M, Braun HP, Eubel H. Cardiolipin Supports Respiratory Enzymes in Plants in Different Ways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28228763 PMCID: PMC5296312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes the presence of the dimeric phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is limited to the mitochondrial membranes. It resides predominantly in the inner membrane where it interacts with components of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. CL deficiency has previously been shown to affect abundances of the plant NADH-dehydrogenase complex and its association with dimeric cyctochrome c reductase. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana knock-out mutant for the final enzyme of CL biosynthesis we here extend current knowledge on the dependence of plant respiration on CL. By correlating respiratory enzyme abundances with enzymatic capacities in mitochondria isolated from wild type, CL deficient and CL complemented heterotrophic cell culture lines a new picture of the participation of CL in plant respiration is emerging. Data indicate a loss of a general reduction of respiratory capacity in CL deficient mitochondria which cannot solely be attributed to decreased abundances or capacities of mitochondrial electron transfer protein complexes and supercomplexes. Instead, it most likely is the result of a loss of the mobile electron carrier cytochrome c. Furthermore, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are found to have lower maximum activities in the mutant, including the succinate dehydrogenase complex. Interestingly, abundance of the latter is not altered, indicative of a direct impact of CL deficiency on the enzymatic capacity of this electron transfer chain protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Petereit
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Kenta Katayama
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Christin Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda Ewert
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schertl
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kitsche
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Hajime Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee CP, Maksaev G, Jensen GS, Murcha MW, Wilson ME, Fricker M, Hell R, Haswell ES, Millar AH, Sweetlove LJ. MSL1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and maintains redox homeostasis in mitochondria during abiotic stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:809-825. [PMID: 27505616 PMCID: PMC5195915 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria must maintain tight control over the electrochemical gradient across their inner membrane to allow ATP synthesis while maintaining a redox-balanced electron transport chain and avoiding excessive reactive oxygen species production. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the ion transporters in the inner mitochondrial membrane that contribute to control of membrane potential. We show that loss of MSL1, a member of a family of mechanosensitive ion channels related to the bacterial channel MscS, leads to increased membrane potential of Arabidopsis mitochondria under specific bioenergetic states. We demonstrate that MSL1 localises to the inner mitochondrial membrane. When expressed in Escherichia coli, MSL1 forms a stretch-activated ion channel with a slight preference for anions and provides protection against hypo-osmotic shock. In contrast, loss of MSL1 in Arabidopsis did not prevent swelling of isolated mitochondria in hypo-osmotic conditions. Instead, our data suggest that ion transport by MSL1 leads to dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential when it becomes too high. The importance of MSL1 function was demonstrated by the observation of a higher oxidation state of the mitochondrial glutathione pool in msl1-1 mutants under moderate heat- and heavy-metal-stress. Furthermore, we show that MSL1 function is not directly implicated in mitochondrial membrane potential pulsing, but is complementary and appears to be important under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Bayliss Building M316, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grigory Maksaev
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mailcode 1137, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gregory S Jensen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mailcode 1137, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Monika W Murcha
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Bayliss Building M316, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret E Wilson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mailcode 1137, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Mark Fricker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ruediger Hell
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mailcode 1137, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Bayliss Building M316, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Fan W, Zhu A, Kozaczek M, Shah N, Pabón-Mora N, González F, Mower JP. Limited mitogenomic degradation in response to a parasitic lifestyle in Orobanchaceae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36285. [PMID: 27808159 PMCID: PMC5093741 DOI: 10.1038/srep36285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In parasitic plants, the reduction in plastid genome (plastome) size and content is driven predominantly by the loss of photosynthetic genes. The first completed mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from parasitic mistletoes also exhibit significant degradation, but the generality of this observation for other parasitic plants is unclear. We sequenced the complete mitogenome and plastome of the hemiparasite Castilleja paramensis (Orobanchaceae) and compared them with additional holoparasitic, hemiparasitic and nonparasitic species from Orobanchaceae. Comparative mitogenomic analysis revealed minimal gene loss among the seven Orobanchaceae species, indicating the retention of typical mitochondrial function among Orobanchaceae species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the mobile cox1 intron was acquired vertically from a nonparasitic ancestor, arguing against a role for Orobanchaceae parasites in the horizontal acquisition or distribution of this intron. The C. paramensis plastome has retained nearly all genes except for the recent pseudogenization of four subunits of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, indicating a very early stage of plastome degradation. These results lend support to the notion that loss of ndh gene function is the first step of plastome degradation in the transition to a parasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishu Fan
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Andan Zhu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Melisa Kozaczek
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Neethu Shah
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.,Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Natalia Pabón-Mora
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Apartado 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jeffrey P Mower
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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41
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Liberatore KL, Dukowic-Schulze S, Miller ME, Chen C, Kianian SF. The role of mitochondria in plant development and stress tolerance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:238-256. [PMID: 27036362 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells require orchestrated communication between nuclear and organellar genomes, perturbations in which are linked to stress response and disease in both animals and plants. In addition to mitochondria, which are found across eukaryotes, plant cells contain a second organelle, the plastid. Signaling both among the organelles (cytoplasmic) and between the cytoplasm and the nucleus (i.e. nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions (NCI)) is essential for proper cellular function. A deeper understanding of NCI and its impact on development, stress response, and long-term health is needed in both animal and plant systems. Here we focus on the role of plant mitochondria in development and stress response. We compare and contrast features of plant and animal mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), particularly highlighting the large and highly dynamic nature of plant mtDNA. Plant-based tools are powerful, yet underutilized, resources for enhancing our fundamental understanding of NCI. These tools also have great potential for improving crop production. Across taxa, mitochondria are most abundant in cells that have high energy or nutrient demands as well as at key developmental time points. Although plant mitochondria act as integrators of signals involved in both development and stress response pathways, little is known about plant mtDNA diversity and its impact on these processes. In humans, there are strong correlations between particular mitotypes (and mtDNA mutations) and developmental differences (or disease). We propose that future work in plants should focus on defining mitotypes more carefully and investigating their functional implications as well as improving techniques to facilitate this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Liberatore
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
| | | | - Marisa E Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Changbin Chen
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
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42
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Wang D, Fu A. The Plastid Terminal Oxidase is a Key Factor Balancing the Redox State of Thylakoid Membrane. Enzymes 2016; 40:143-171. [PMID: 27776780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess oxygen-consuming respiratory electron transfer chains (RETCs), and the oxygen-evolving photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC) resides in chloroplasts. Evolutionarily mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from ancient α-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. However, cyanobacteria harbor both RETC and PETC on their thylakoid membranes. It is proposed that chloroplasts could possess a RETC on the thylakoid membrane, in addition to PETC. Identification of a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in the chloroplast from the Arabidopsis variegation mutant immutans (im) demonstrated the presence of a RETC in chloroplasts, and the PTOX is the committed oxidase. PTOX is distantly related to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX), which is responsible for the CN-insensitive alternative RETC. Similar to AOX, an ubiquinol (UQH2) oxidase, PTOX is a plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidase on the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Lack of PTOX, Arabidopsis im showed a light-dependent variegation phenotype; and mutant plants will not survive the mediocre light intensity during its early development stage. PTOX is very important for carotenoid biosynthesis, since the phytoene desaturation, a key step in the carotenoid biosynthesis, is blocked in the white sectors of Arabidopsis im mutant. PTOX is found to be a stress-related protein in numerous research instances. It is generally believed that PTOX can protect plants from various environmental stresses, especially high light stress. PTOX also plays significant roles in chloroplast development and plant morphogenesis. Global physiological roles played by PTOX could be a direct or indirect consequence of its PQH2 oxidase activity to maintain the PQ pool redox state on the thylakoid membrane. The PTOX-dependent chloroplast RETC (so-called chlororespiration) does not contribute significantly when chloroplast PETC is normally developed and functions well. However, PTOX-mediated RETC could be the major force to regulate the PQ pool redox balance in the darkness, under conditions of stress, in nonphotosynthetic plastids, especially in the early development from proplastids to chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - A Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China.
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43
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The prevention of saltwater algal pond contamination using the electron transport chain disruptor, rotenone. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fromm S, Braun HP, Peterhansel C. Mitochondrial gamma carbonic anhydrases are required for complex I assembly and plant reproductive development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:194-207. [PMID: 26889912 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) in plants contains an extra domain that is made up from proteins homologous to prokaryotic gamma-carbonic anhydrases (γCA). This domain has been suggested to participate in complex I assembly or to support transport of mitochondrial CO2 to the chloroplast. Here, we generated mutants lacking CA1 and CA2 - two out of three CA proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Double mutants were characterized at the developmental and physiological levels. Furthermore, the composition and activity of the mETC were determined, and mutated CA versions were used for complementation assays. Embryo development of double mutants was strongly delayed and seed development stopped before maturation. Mutant plants could only be rescued on sucrose media, showed severe stress symptoms and never produced viable seeds. By contrast, callus cultures were only slightly affected in growth. Complex I was undetectable in the double mutants, but complex II and complex IV were upregulated concomitant with increased oxygen consumption in mitochondrial respiration. Ectopic expression of inactive CA variants was sufficient to complement the mutant phenotype. Data indicate that CA proteins are structurally required for complex I assembly and that reproductive development is dependent on the presence of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Fromm
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Hao MS, Rasmusson AG. The evolution of substrate specificity-associated residues and Ca(2+) -binding motifs in EF-hand-containing type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:338-351. [PMID: 27079180 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic organisms, except some animal clades, have mitochondrial alternative electron transport enzymes that allow respiration to bypass the energy coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The energy bypass enzymes in plants include the external type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (DHs) of the NDB family, which are characterized by an EF-hand domain for Ca(2+) binding. Here we investigate these plant enzymes by combining molecular modeling with evolutionary analysis. Molecular modeling of the Arabidopsis thaliana AtNDB1 with the yeast ScNDI1 as template revealed distinct similarities in the core catalytic parts, and highlighted the interaction between the pyridine nucleotide and residues correlating with NAD(P)H substrate specificity. The EF-hand domain of AtNDB1 has no counterpart in ScNDI1, and was instead modeled with Ca(2+) -binding signal transducer proteins. Combined models displayed a proximity of the AtNDB1 EF-hand domain to the substrate entrance side of the catalytic part. Evolutionary analysis of the eukaryotic NDB-type proteins revealed ancient and recent reversions between the motif observed in proteins specific for NADH (acidic type) and NADPH (non-acidic type), and that the clade of enzymes with acidic motifs in angiosperms derives from non-acidic-motif NDB-type proteins present in basal plants, fungi and protists. The results suggest that Ca(2+) -dependent external NADPH oxidation is an ancient process, indicating that it has a fundamental importance for eukaryotic cellular redox metabolism. In contrast, the external NADH DHs in plants are products of a recent expansion, mirroring the expansion of the alternative oxidase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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46
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Wang Y, Lyu W, Berkowitz O, Radomiljac JD, Law SR, Murcha MW, Carrie C, Teixeira PF, Kmiec B, Duncan O, Van Aken O, Narsai R, Glaser E, Huang S, Roessner U, Millar AH, Whelan J. Inactivation of Mitochondrial Complex I Induces the Expression of a Twin Cysteine Protein that Targets and Affects Cytosolic, Chloroplastidic and Mitochondrial Function. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:696-710. [PMID: 26829715 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At12Cys-1 (At5g64400) and At12Cys-2 (At5g09570) are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutants with disrupted mitochondrial proteins, but an increase in At12Cys protein is only detected in mutants with reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance. Induction of At12Cys protein in mutants that lack mitochondrial complex I is accompanied by At12Cys protein located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytosol. Biochemical analyses revealed that even single gene deletions, i.e., At12cys-1 or At12cys-2, have an effect on mitochondrial and chloroplast functions. However, only double mutants, i.e., At12cys-1:At12cys-2, affect the abundance of protein and mRNA transcripts encoding translation elongation factors as well as rRNA abundance. Blue native PAGE showed that At12Cys co-migrated with mitochondrial supercomplex I + III. Likewise, deletion of both At12cys-1 and At12cys-2 genes, but not single gene deletions, results in enhanced tolerance to drought and light stress and increased anti-oxidant capacity. The induction and multiple localization of At12Cys upon a reduction in complex I abundance provides a mechanism to specifically signal mitochondrial dysfunction to the cytosol and then beyond to other organelles in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Wenhui Lyu
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jordan D Radomiljac
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Simon R Law
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Monika W Murcha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chris Carrie
- Department of Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pedro F Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Kmiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen Duncan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Reena Narsai
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaobai Huang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Foyer CH, Noctor G. Stress-triggered redox signalling: what's in pROSpect? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:951-64. [PMID: 26264148 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a profound influence on almost every aspect of plant biology. Here, we emphasize the fundamental, intimate relationships between light-driven reductant formation, ROS, and oxidative stress, together with compartment-specific differences in redox buffering and the perspectives for their analysis. Calculations of approximate H2 O2 concentrations in the peroxisomes are provided, and based on the likely values in other locations such as chloroplasts, we conclude that much of the H2 O2 detected in conventional in vitro assays is likely to be extracellular. Within the context of scant information on ROS perception mechanisms, we consider current knowledge, including possible parallels with emerging information on oxygen sensing. Although ROS can sometimes be signals for cell death, we consider that an equally important role is to transmit information from metabolism to allow appropriate cellular responses to developmental and environmental changes. Our discussion speculates on novel sensing mechanisms by which this could happen and how ROS could be counted by the cell, possibly as a means of monitoring metabolic flux. Throughout, we place emphasis on the positive effects of ROS, predicting that in the coming decades they will increasingly be defined as hallmarks of viability within a changing and challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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48
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Samuilov VD, Kiselevsky DB. Salicylhydroxamic acid enhances the NADH-oxidase activity of peroxidase in pea mitochondrial and chloroplast suspensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392516010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Plant mitochondria contain at least four type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases that link NAD(P)H oxidation to the inner membrane electron transport chain and bypass proton pumping at Complex I, hence ATP synthesis. These activities have been found in mitochondria isolated from all plant species analyzed to date. In this chapter, methods are presented to analyze the expression of genes encoding these dehydrogenases and to detect protein levels in mitochondria isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, methods and assay conditions are presented to detect the activity of each of these four type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in isolated plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Soole
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, SA, Australia,
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50
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Hao MS, Jensen AM, Boquist AS, Liu YJ, Rasmusson AG. The Ca2+-Regulation of the Mitochondrial External NADPH Dehydrogenase in Plants Is Controlled by Cytosolic pH. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139224. [PMID: 26413894 PMCID: PMC4587368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH is a key reductant carrier that maintains internal redox and antioxidant status, and that links biosynthetic, catabolic and signalling pathways. Plants have a mitochondrial external NADPH oxidation pathway, which depends on Ca2+ and pH in vitro, but concentrations of Ca2+ needed are not known. We have determined the K0.5(Ca2+) of the external NADPH dehydrogenase from Solanum tuberosum mitochondria and membranes of E. coli expressing Arabidopsis thaliana NDB1 over the physiological pH range using O2 and decylubiquinone as electron acceptors. The K0.5(Ca2+) of NADPH oxidation was generally higher than for NADH oxidation, and unlike the latter, it depended on pH. At pH 7.5, K0.5(Ca2+) for NADPH oxidation was high (≈100 μM), yet 20-fold lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were determined at pH 6.8. Lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were observed with decylubiquinone than with O2 as terminal electron acceptor. NADPH oxidation responded to changes in Ca2+ concentrations more rapidly than NADH oxidation did. Thus, cytosolic acidification is an important activator of external NADPH oxidation, by decreasing the Ca2+-requirements for NDB1. The results are discussed in relation to the present knowledge on how whole cell NADPH redox homeostasis is affected in plants modified for the NDB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Yun-Jun Liu
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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