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Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang B, Song Z, Jiao F, Wu X, Feng Z, Chen X, Gao L, Li Y. A tonoplast-localized TPK-type K + transporter (TPKa) regulates potassium accumulation in tobacco. Gene 2024; 926:148576. [PMID: 38763364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) is one of the most essential nutrients for the growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), however, the molecular regulation of K+ concentration in tobacco remains unclear. In this study, a two-pore K (TPK) channel gene NtTPKa was cloned from tobacco, and NtTPKa protein contains the unique K+ selection motif GYGD and its transmembrane region primarily locates in the tonoplast membrane. The expression of NtTPKa gene was significantly increased under low-potassium stress conditions. The concentrations of K+ in tobacco were significantly increased in the NtTPKa RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants. In addition, the transport of K+ by NtTPKa was validated using patch clamp technique, and the results showed that NtTPKa channel protein exclusively transported K+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, our results strongly suggested that NtTPKa is a key gene in maintaining K+ homeostasis in tobacco, and it could provide a new genetic resource for increasing the concentration of K+ in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Fangchan Jiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xingfu Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China.
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Niu F, Cui X, Yang B, Wang R, Zhao P, Zhao X, Zhang H, Fan X, Li Y, Deyholos MK, Jiang YQ. WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root potassium acquisition through promoting expression of AKT1 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1652-1667. [PMID: 38418388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+), being an essential macronutrient in plants, plays a central role in many aspects. Root growth is highly plastic and is affected by many different abiotic stresses including nutrient deficiency. The Shaker-type K+ channel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) is responsible for K+ uptake under both low and high external K+ conditions. However, the upstream transcription factor of AKT1 is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that the WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root growth to low potassium (LK) stress in Arabidopsis. WRKY6 showed a quick response to LK stress and also to many other abiotic stress treatments. The two wrky6 T-DNA insertion mutants were highly sensitive to LK treatment, whose primary root lengths were much shorter, less biomass and lower K+ content in roots than those of wild-type plants, while WRKY6-overexpression lines showed opposite phenotypes. A further investigation showed that WRKY6 regulated the expression of the AKT1 gene via directly binding to the W-box elements in its promoter through EMSA and ChIP-qPCR assays. A dual luciferase reporter analysis further demonstrated that WRKY6 enhanced the transcription of AKT1. Genetic analysis further revealed that the overexpression of AKT1 greatly rescued the short root phenotype of the wrky6 mutant under LK stress, suggesting AKT1 is epistatic to WRKY6 in the control of LK response. Further transcriptome profiling suggested that WRKY6 modulates LK response through a complex regulatory network. Thus, this study unveils a transcription factor that modulates root growth under potassium deficiency conditions by affecting the potassium channel gene AKT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Lu H, Zhou P, Li F, Wang Y, Gu J, Wang Y, Sun S, Zhang M, Wang X. Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 augments morphophysiological responses, nutrient availability and photosynthetic efficacy of ornamental Ilex verticillata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae033. [PMID: 38501890 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata [L.] A. Gray), a deciduous shrub producing glossy bright red berries, is a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant with good market prospects. However, the growth and development of I. verticillata are significantly affected by various stresses, and environmentally hazardous agrochemicals are often used to mitigate them. Trichoderma spp., ubiquitous soil-borne eco-friendly plant growth-promoting fungi, are potent biostimulants and biofertilizers and viable alternatives to agrochemicals for healthy and sustainable agriculture. In this study, the temporal efficacy of different dosages of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 in promoting morphophysiological responses of I. verticillata and the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities of the substrate were investigated. Different concentrations of the strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 spore suspension (C [0%], T1 [5%, v/m], T2 [10%, v/m] and T3 [15%, v/m]) were injected in the substrate contained in a pot in which 1-year-old I. verticillata was planted for temporal treatment (15, 45 and 75 days) under open-air conditions. The beneficial effects of T2 and/or T3 treatment for a long duration (75 days) were evident on the different root, aerial and photosynthetic traits; total contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in different tissues and the physicochemical properties of the substrate and its enzymatic activities (urease and invertase). Overall, the study revealed the potency of strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 as a sustainable solution to improve the growth and development and ornamental value of I. verticillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Lu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Fei Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
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Hossain MI, Khaleque MA, Ali MR, Bacchu MS, Hossain MS, Shahed SMF, Saad Aly MA, Khan MZH. Development of electrochemical sensors for quick detection of environmental (soil and water) NPK ions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9137-9158. [PMID: 38505387 PMCID: PMC10949039 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
All over the world, technology is becoming more and more prevalent in agriculture. Different types of instruments are already being used in this sector. For the time being, every farmer is trying to produce more crops on a piece of land. Eventually, soil loses its nutrients; however, to grow more crops, farmers use more fertilizers without knowing the proper conditions of the soil in real time. To overcome this issue, many scientists have recently focused on developing electrochemical sensors to detect macronutrients, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in soil or water rapidly. In this review, we focus mainly on the recent developments in electrochemical sensors used for the detection of nutrients (NPK) in different types of samples. As it is outlined, the use of smart and portable electrochemical sensors can be helpful for the reduction of excess fertilizer and can play a vital role in maintaining suitable conditions in soils and water. We are optimistic that this review can guide researchers in the development of a portable and suitable NPK detection system for soil nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Hossain
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
| | - M A Khaleque
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
| | - M R Ali
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
| | - M S Bacchu
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
| | - M S Hossain
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
| | - S M F Shahed
- Department of ChemisOy, Graduate School of Science, Tohohi University Aramah'-Aza- Aoba, Aoba-Kii Sendai 9S0S57S Japan
| | - M Aly Saad Aly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University Shenzhen Guangdong 5ISO52 China
| | - Md Z H Khan
- Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 740S Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) Jashore 740S Bangladesh
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Xiao S, Yang D, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. The EIN3/EIL-ERF9-HAK5 transcriptional cascade positively regulates high-affinity K + uptake in Gossypium hirsutum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2090-2107. [PMID: 38168024 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
High-affinity K+ (HAK) transporters play essential roles in facilitating root K+ uptake in higher plants. Our previous studies revealed that GhHAK5a, a member of the HAK family, is crucial for K+ uptake in upland cotton. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanism governing the expression of GhHAK5a remains unclear. The yeast one-hybrid screening was performed to identify the transcription factors responsible for regulating GhHAK5a, and ethylene response factor 9 (GhERF9) was identified as a potential candidate. Subsequent dual-luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that GhERF9 binds directly to the GhHAK5a promoter, thereby activating its expression. Silencing of GhERF9 decreased the expression of GhHAK5a and exacerbated K+ deficiency symptoms in leaves, also decreased K+ uptake rate and K+ content in roots. Additionally, it was observed that the application of ethephon (an ethylene-releasing reagent) resulted in a significant upregulation of GhERF9 and GhHAK5a, accompanied by an increased rate of K+ uptake. Expectedly, GhEIN3b and GhEIL3c, the two key components involved in ethylene signaling, bind directly to the GhERF9 promoter. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of GhHAK5a and ethylene-mediated K+ uptake and suggest a potential strategy to genetically enhance cotton K+ uptake by exploiting the EIN3/EILs-ERF9-HAK5 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Doudou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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Mathew IE, Rhein HS, Yang J, Gradogna A, Carpaneto A, Guo Q, Tappero R, Scholz-Starke J, Barkla BJ, Hirschi KD, Punshon T. Sequential removal of cation/H + exchangers reveals their additive role in elemental distribution, calcium depletion and anoxia tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:557-573. [PMID: 37916653 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Arabidopsis H+ /Cation exchangers (CAXs) participate in high-capacity transport into the vacuole. Previous studies have analysed single and double mutants that marginally reduced transport; however, assessing phenotypes caused by transport loss has proven enigmatic. Here, we generated quadruple mutants (cax1-4: qKO) that exhibited growth inhibition, an 85% reduction in tonoplast-localised H+ /Ca transport, and enhanced tolerance to anoxic conditions compared to CAX1 mutants. Leveraging inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF), we demonstrate CAX transporters work together to regulate leaf elemental content: ICP-MS analysis showed that the elemental concentrations in leaves strongly correlated with the number of CAX mutations; SXRF imaging showed changes in element partitioning not present in single CAX mutants and qKO had a 40% reduction in calcium (Ca) abundance. Reduced endogenous Ca may promote anoxia tolerance; wild-type plants grown in Ca-limited conditions were anoxia tolerant. Sequential reduction of CAXs increased mRNA expression and protein abundance changes associated with reactive oxygen species and stress signalling pathways. Multiple CAXs participate in postanoxia recovery as their concerted removal heightened changes in postanoxia Ca signalling. This work showcases the integrated and diverse function of H+ /Cation transporters and demonstrates the ability to improve anoxia tolerance through diminishing endogenous Ca levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Elizebeth Mathew
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hormat Shadgou Rhein
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Photon Sciences Department, Upton, New York, USA
| | | | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Bravo S, Jiménez-Ballesta R, Amorós JA, Pérez-de-Los-Reyes C, Villena J, García-Navarro FJ. Accumulation, distribution pattern and potential contamination of sulphur in vineyard soils of the Valdepeñas protected denomination origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166642. [PMID: 37647963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the basis for almost all global agriculture and the medium in which most terrestrial biological activity occurs. Viticulture represents an important agricultural practice in the Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) community. In this region, there are several protected denominations of origin (PDO), the largest being Valdepeñas. This paper describes the accumulation pattern of sulphur (S) in the vineyard soils of this PDO. Samples were collected from 90 vineyard soil profiles. Sulphur content was determined using an X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer in the solid mode on a powdered aliquot of each sample. The results indicated that the total S in soils varied from 0.54 to 6.90 (g·kg-1) in surface soil (0-30 cm) and from 0.39 to 2.80 (g·kg-1) on the subsurface layer (30-80 cm). When comparing the mean values of surface horizons to the subsurface horizons, S content lowered as soil depth increased. Kurtosis exceeded 45 % in all cases, which indicates a wide variability of concentrations. These findings can be explained by the continuous fertiliser and fungicide applications (and therefore S) in these production systems. Using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), most soils were included in Class 0 (Igeo <0) and were, thus, S uncontaminated; only a few points can be considered pollutants. The obtained results should contribute to extend the scarce existing database on S in Mediterranean regions like that herein studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bravo
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, High Technical School Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | - J A Amorós
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, High Technical School Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Pérez-de-Los-Reyes
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, High Technical School Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Villena
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, High Technical School Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F J García-Navarro
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, High Technical School Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Li KL, Xue H, Tang RJ, Luan S. TORC pathway intersects with a calcium sensor kinase network to regulate potassium sensing in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316011120. [PMID: 37967217 PMCID: PMC10665801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316011120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, and its availability in the soil varies widely, requiring plants to respond and adapt to the changing K nutrient status. We show here that plant growth rate is closely correlated with K status in the medium, and this K-dependent growth is mediated by the highly conserved nutrient sensor, target of rapamycin (TOR). Further study connected the TOR complex (TORC) pathway with a low-K response signaling network consisting of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting kinases (CIPK). Under high K conditions, TORC is rapidly activated and shut down the CBL-CIPK low-K response pathway through regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR)-CIPK interaction. In contrast, low-K status activates CBL-CIPK modules that in turn inhibit TORC by phosphorylating RAPTOR, leading to dissociation and thus inactivation of the TORC. The reciprocal regulation of the TORC and CBL-CIPK modules orchestrates plant response and adaptation to K nutrient status in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lun Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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Guo S, Liu Z, Sheng H, Olukayode T, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang M, He M, Kochian L, Qin Y. Dynamic transcriptome analysis unravels key regulatory genes of maize root growth and development in response to potassium deficiency. PLANTA 2023; 258:99. [PMID: 37837470 PMCID: PMC10576708 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Integrated root phenotypes and transcriptome analysis have revealed key candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development in potassium deficiency. Potassium (K) is a vital macronutrient for plant growth, but our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in maize root system architecture (RSA) and K+ uptake remains limited. To address this, we conducted hydroponic and field trials at different growth stages. K+ deficiency significantly inhibited maize root growth, with metrics like total root length, primary root length, width and maximum root number reduced by 50% to 80% during early seedling stages. In the field, RSA traits exhibited maximum values at the silking stage but continued to decline thereafter. Furthermore, K deprivation had a pronounced negative impact on root morphology and RSA growth and grain yield. RNA-Seq analysis identified 5972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 17 associated with K+ signaling, transcription factors, and transporters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 23 co-expressed modules, with enrichment of transcription factors at different developmental stages under K deficiency. Several DEGs and transcription factors were predicted as potential candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development. Interestingly, some of these genes exhibited homology to well-known regulators of root architecture or development in Arabidopsis, such as Zm00001d014467 (AtRCI3), Zm00001d011237 (AtWRKY9), and Zm00001d030862 (AtAP2/ERF). Identifying these key genes helps to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing maize root growth and development under nutrient deficient conditions offering potential benefits for enhancing maize production and improving stress resistance through targeted manipulation of RSA traits in modern breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Huajin Sheng
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Toluwase Olukayode
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiang He
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Leon Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Xiong Y. Sailing in complex nutrient signaling networks: Where I am, where to go, and how to go? MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1635-1660. [PMID: 37740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
To ensure survival and promote growth, sessile plants have developed intricate internal signaling networks tailored in diverse cells and organs with both shared and specialized functions that respond to various internal and external cues. A fascinating question arises: how can a plant cell or organ diagnose the spatial and temporal information it is experiencing to know "where I am," and then is able to make the accurate specific responses to decide "where to go" and "how to go," despite the absence of neuronal systems found in mammals. Drawing inspiration from recent comprehensive investigations into diverse nutrient signaling pathways in plants, this review focuses on the interactive nutrient signaling networks mediated by various nutrient sensors and transducers. We assess and illustrate examples of how cells and organs exhibit specific responses to changing spatial and temporal information within these interactive plant nutrient networks. In addition, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which plants employ posttranslational modification codes to integrate different upstream nutrient signals, thereby conferring response specificities to the signaling hub proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent breakthrough studies that demonstrate the potential of modulating nutrient sensing and signaling as promising strategies to enhance crop yield, even with reduced fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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11
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Pahuja S, Bheri M, Bisht D, Pandey GK. Calcium signalling components underlying NPK homeostasis: potential avenues for exploration. Biochem J 2023; 480:1015-1034. [PMID: 37418287 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants require the major macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for normal growth and development. Their deficiency in soil directly affects vital cellular processes, particularly root growth and architecture. Their perception, uptake and assimilation are regulated by complex signalling pathways. To overcome nutrient deficiencies, plants have developed certain response mechanisms that determine developmental and physiological adaptations. The signal transduction pathways underlying these responses involve a complex interplay of components such as nutrient transporters, transcription factors and others. In addition to their involvement in cross-talk with intracellular calcium signalling pathways, these components are also engaged in NPK sensing and homeostasis. The NPK sensing and homeostatic mechanisms hold the key to identify and understand the crucial players in nutrient regulatory networks in plants under both abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss calcium signalling components/pathways underlying plant responses to NPK sensing, with a focus on the sensors, transporters and transcription factors involved in their respective signalling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Pahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Diksha Bisht
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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12
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Liu Y, Gao S, Hu Y, Zhang T, Guo J, Shi L, Li M. Comparative study of leaf nutrient reabsorption by two different ecotypes of wild soybean under low-nitrogen stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15486. [PMID: 37397019 PMCID: PMC10312162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild soybean (Glycine soja), the ancestor of cultivated soybean, has evolved into many ecotypes with different adaptations to adversity under the action of divergent evolution. Barren-tolerant wild soybean has developed adaptation to most nutrient-stress environments, especially with respect to low nitrogen (LN) conditions. This study describes the differences in physiological and metabolomic changes between common wild soybean (GS1) and barren-tolerant wild soybean(GS2) under LN stress. Compared with plants grown under the unstressed control (CK) conditions, the young leaves of barren-tolerant wild soybean under LN conditions maintained relatively stable chlorophyll, concentration and rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as increased carotenoid content, whereas the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of GS1 decreased significantly 0.64-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1. The ratio of internal to atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased significantly 0.07-fold (p < 0.05), 0.09-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, and increased significantly 0.05-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.07-fold (p < 0.05) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, relative to the CK. The concentration of chlorophylls a and b decreased significantly 0.45-fold (p < 0.05), 0.13-fold (p > 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, and decreased significantly 0.74-fold (p < 0.01) and 0.60-fold (p < 0.01) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively. Under LN stress, nitrate concentration in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2 decreased significantly 0.69- and 0.50-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, relative to CK, and decreased significantly 2.10-fold and 1.77-fold (p < 0.01) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively. Barren-tolerant wild soybean increased the concentration of beneficial ion pairs. Under LN stress, Zn2+ significantly increased by 1.06- and 1.35-fold (p < 0.01) in the young and old leaves of GS2 (p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in GS1. The metabolism of amino acids and organic acids was high in GS2 young and old leaves, and the metabolites related to the TCA cycle were significantly increased. The 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concertation decreased significantly 0.70-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 but increased 0.21-fold (p < 0.05) significantly in GS2. The relative concentration of proline increased significantly 1.21-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.85-fold (p < 0.01) in the young and old leaves of GS2. Under LN stress, GS2 could maintain photosynthesis rate and enhance the reabsorption of nitrate and magnesium in young leaves, compared to GS1. More importantly, GS2 exhibited increased amino acid and TCA cycle metabolism in young and old leaves. Adequate reabsorption of mineral and organic nutrients is an important strategy for barren-tolerant wild soybeans to survive under LN stress. Our research provides a new perspective on the exploitation and utilization of wild soybean resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- ChiFeng University, ChiFeng, China
| | - Shujuan Gao
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunan Hu
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Mingxia Li
- ChangChun Normal University, Changchun, China
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13
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Zhu H, Guo J, Ma T, Liu S, Zhou Y, Yang X, Li Q, Yu K, Wang T, He S, Zhao C, Wang J, Sui J. The Sweet Potato K + Transporter IbHAK11 Regulates K + Deficiency and High Salinity Stress Tolerance by Maintaining Positive Ion Homeostasis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2422. [PMID: 37446983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The K+ transporter KT/HAK/KUP (K+ transporter/high-affinity K+/K+ uptake) family has a critical effect on K+ uptake and translocation in plants under different environmental conditions. However, the functional analysis of KT/HAK/KUP members in sweet potatoes is still limited. The present work reported the physiological activity of a new gene, IbHAK11, in the KT/HAK/KUP family in sweet potatoes. IbHAK11 expression increased significantly in the low K+-tolerant line compared with the low K+-sensitive line following treatment with low K+ concentrations. IbHAK11 upregulation promoted root growth in Arabidopsis under low K+ conditions. Under high saline stress, transgenic lines had superior growth and photosynthetic characteristics compared with the wild-type (WT). As for IbHAK11-overexpressing plants, activation of both the non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems was observed. Therefore, IbHAK11-overexpressing plants had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS levels (including H2O2 and O2-) compared with WT under salt-induced stress. We also found that under both low K+ and high salinity conditions, overexpression of IbHAK11 enhanced K+ translocation from the root to the shoot and decreased Na+ absorption in Arabidopsis. Consequently, IbHAK11 positively regulated K+ deficiency and high salinity stresses by regulating K+ translocation and Na+ uptake, thus maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Crop research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kaiyue Yu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tongshuai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Sixiang He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingshan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiongming Sui
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Crop research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Apodiakou A, Hoefgen R. New insights into the regulation of plant metabolism by O-acetylserine: sulfate and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3361-3378. [PMID: 37025061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of sulfur deprivation, O-acetylserine (OAS) accumulates, which leads to the induction of a common set of six genes, called OAS cluster genes. These genes are induced not only under sulfur deprivation, but also under other conditions where OAS accumulates, such as shift to darkness and stress conditions leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or methyl-jasmonate accumulation. Using the OAS cluster genes as a query in ATTED-II, a co-expression network is derived stably spanning several hundred conditions. This allowed us not only to describe the downstream function of the OAS cluster genes but also to score for functions of the members of the co-regulated co-expression network and hence the effects of the OAS signal on the sulfate assimilation pathway and co-regulated pathways. Further, we summarized existing knowledge on the regulation of the OAS cluster and the co-expressed genes. We revealed that the known sulfate deprivation-related transcription factor EIL3/SLIM1 exhibits a prominent role, as most genes are subject to regulation by this transcription factor. The role of other transcription factors in response to OAS awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Apodiakou
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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15
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Wang X, Yuan D, Liu Y, Liang Y, He J, Yang X, Hang R, Jia H, Mo B, Tian F, Chen X, Liu L. INDETERMINATE1 autonomously regulates phosphate homeostasis upstream of the miR399-ZmPHO2 signaling module in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2208-2231. [PMID: 36943781 PMCID: PMC10226601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrient phosphorus is essential for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved multiple strategies to increase the efficiency of phosphate (Pi) acquisition to protect themselves from Pi starvation. However, the crosstalk between Pi homeostasis and plant development remains to be explored. Here, we report that overexpressing microRNA399 (miR399) in maize (Zea mays) is associated with premature senescence after pollination. Knockout of ZmPHO2 (Phosphate 2), a miR399 target, resulted in a similar premature senescence phenotype. Strikingly, we discovered that INDETERMINATE1 (ID1), a floral transition regulator, inhibits the transcription of ZmMIR399 genes by directly binding to their promoters, alleviating the repression of ZmPHO2 by miR399 and ultimately contributing to the maintenance of Pi homeostasis in maize. Unlike ZmMIR399 genes, whose expression is induced by Pi deficiency, ID1 expression was independent of the external inorganic orthophosphate status, indicating that ID1 is an autonomous regulator of Pi homeostasis. Furthermore, we show that ZmPHO2 was under selection during maize domestication and cultivation, resulting in a more sensitive response to Pi starvation in temperate maize than in tropical maize. Our study reveals a direct functional link between Pi-deprivation sensing by the miR399-ZmPHO2 regulatory module and plant developmental regulation by ID1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yameng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Runlai Hang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beixin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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16
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Romero P, Lafuente MT. Molecular Responses of Red Ripe Tomato Fruit to Copper Deficiency Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2062. [PMID: 37653979 PMCID: PMC10220619 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fruit nutritional value, plant growth, and yield can be compromised by deficient copper (Cu) bioavailability, which often appears in arable lands. This condition causes low Cu content and modifications in the ripening-associated processes in tomato fruit. This research studies the transcriptomic changes that occur in red ripe tomato fruit grown under suboptimal Cu conditions to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this stress. Comparative RNA-sequencing and functional analyses revealed that Cu deficiency during cultivation activates signals for metal ion transport, cellular redox homeostasis, pyridoxal phosphate binding, and amino acid metabolism while repressing the response to phosphate starvation in harvested fruit. Transcriptomic analyses highlighted a number of novel Cu stress-responsive genes of unknown function and indicated that Cu homeostasis regulation in tomato fruit may involve additional components than those described in model plants. It also studied the regulation of high-affinity Cu transporters and a number of well-known Cu stress-responsive genes during tomato fruit ripening depending on Cu availability, which allowed potential candidates to be targeted for biotechnological improvements in reproductive tissues. We provide the first study characterizing the molecular responses of fruit to Cu deficiency stress for any fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Romero
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
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17
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Tang J, Liu C, Tan Y, Jiang J, Chen F, Xiong G, Chen S. Five Post-Translational Modification Residues of CmPT2 Play Key Roles in Yeast and Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032025. [PMID: 36768347 PMCID: PMC9953561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is one of the largest cut flowers in the world. Phosphate transporter Pht1 family member CmPht1;2 protein (CmPT2) plays an important role in response to low-phosphate (LP) stress in chrysanthemum. Post-translational modification (PTM) can modulate the function of proteins in multiple ways. Here, we used yeast and rice systems to study the role of putative PTM in CmPT2 by determining the effect of mutation of key amino acid residues of putative glycosylation, phosphorylation, and myristoylation sites. We chose nine amino acid residues in the putative PTM sites and mutated them to alanine (A) (Cmphts). CmPT2 recovered the growth of yeast strain MB192 under LP conditions. However, G84A, G222A, T239A, Y242A, and N422A mutants could not grow normally under LP conditions. Analysis of phosphorus absorption kinetics showed that the Km of CmPT2 was 65.7 μM. Among the nine Cmphts, the expression of five with larger Km (124.4-397.5 μM) than CmPT2 was further evaluated in rice. Overexpression of CmPT2-OE increased plant height, effective panicle numbers, branch numbers, and yield compared with that of wild type 'Wuyunjing No. 7' (W7). Overexpression of Cmphts-OE led to decreased plant height and effective panicle numbers compared with that of the CmPT2-OE strain. The Pi content in roots of CmPT2-OE was higher than that of the W7 under both high (normal) phosphate (HP) and LP conditions. However, the Pi content in the leaves and roots was significantly lower in the N422A-OE strain than in the CmPT2-OE strain under both HP and LP conditions. Under LP conditions, the phosphorus starvation response (PSR) genes in CmPT2-OE were inhibited at the transcription level. The expression patterns of phosphorus-related genes in T239A, Y242A, and N422A-OE under LP conditions were different from those of CmPT2-OE. In conclusion, these five post-translational modification residues of CmPT2 play key roles in modulating the function of CmPT2. This work boosters our understanding of the function of phosphate transporters and provides genetic resources for improving the efficiency of phosphorus utilization in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (S.C.)
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18
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Lin ZH, Chen CS, Zhao SQ, Liu Y, Zhong QS, Ruan QC, Chen ZH, You XM, Shan RY, Li XL, Zhang YZ. Molecular and physiological mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaf and root in response to nitrogen deficiency. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 36650452 PMCID: PMC9847173 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an economically important crop, tea is strongly nitrogen (N)-dependent. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of N deficiency in tea are not fully understood. Tea cultivar "Chunlv2" [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] were cultured with a nutrient solution with 0 mM [N-deficiency] or 3 mM (Control) NH4NO3 in 6 L pottery pots containing clean river sands. RESULTS N deficiency significantly decreased N content, dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl) content, L-theanine and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes, but increased the content of total flavonoids and polyphenols in tea leaves. N deficiency delayed the sprouting time of tea buds. By using the RNA-seq technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis, 3050 up-regulated and 2688 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated in tea leaves in response to N deficiency. However, only 1025 genes were up-regulated and 744 down-regulated in roots. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that 205 DEGs in tea leaves were enriched in seven GO terms and 152 DEGs in tea roots were enriched in 11 GO items based on P < 0.05. In tea leaves, most GO-enriched DEGs were involved in chlorophyll a/b binding activities, photosynthetic performance, and transport activities. But most of the DEGs in tea roots were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and plant hormones with regard to the GO terms of biological processes. N deficiency significantly increased the expression level of phosphate transporter genes, which indicated that N deficiency might impair phosphorus metabolism in tea leaves. Furthermore, some DEGs, such as probable anion transporter 3 and high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.7, might be of great potential in improving the tolerance of N deficiency in tea plants and further study could work on this area in the future. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated N deficiency inhibited the growth of tea plant, which might be due to altered N metabolism and expression levels of DEGs involved in the photosynthetic performance, transport activity and oxidation-reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-He Lin
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Chang-Song Chen
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Shui-Qing Zhao
- Laixi Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province, Laixi, 266699 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laixi Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province, Laixi, 266699 China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhong
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Qi-Chun Ruan
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Xiao-Mei You
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Rui-Yang Shan
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhang
- grid.418033.d0000 0001 2229 4212Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, 355000 China
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Zhao Q, Zhao PX, Wu Y, Zhong CQ, Liao H, Li CY, Fu XD, Fang P, Xu P, Xiang CB. SUE4, a novel PIN1-interacting membrane protein, regulates acropetal auxin transport in response to sulfur deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:78-87. [PMID: 36226797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a signaling molecule in abiotic stress responses. It is known that S availability modulates root system architecture; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We previously reported an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant sulfate utilization efficiency4 (sue4) that could tolerate S deficiency during germination and early seedling growth with faster primary root elongation. Here, we report that SUE4, a novel plasma membrane-localized protein, interacts with the polar auxin transporter PIN1, resulting in reduced PIN1 protein levels and thus decreasing auxin transport to the root tips, which promotes primary root elongation. Moreover, SUE4 is induced by sulfate deficiency, consistent with its role in root elongation. Further analyses showed that the SUE4-PIN1 interaction decreased PIN1 levels, possibly through 26 S proteasome-mediated degradation. Taken together, our finding of SUE4-mediated root elongation is consistent with root adaptation to highly mobile sulfate in soil, thus revealing a novel component in the adaptive response of roots to S deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Ping-Xia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Hong Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Chuan-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Fang
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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20
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Rajendran S, Kim CM. OsCSLD1 Mediates NH 4+-Dependent Root Hair Growth Suppression and AMT1;2 Expression in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3580. [PMID: 36559692 PMCID: PMC9788582 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs play crucial roles in the roots, including nutrient uptake, water assimilation, and anchorage with soil, along with supporting rhizospheric microorganisms. In rice, ammonia uptake is mediated by a specialized ammonium transporter (AMT). AMT1;1, AMT1;2, and AMT1;3 have been extensively studied in relation to nitrogen signaling. Cellulose synthase-like D1 (CSLD1) is essential for cell expansion and is highly specific to root hair cells. csld1 mutants showed successful initiation but failed to elongate. However, when nitrogen was depleted, csld1 root hairs resumed elongation. Further experiments revealed that in the presence of ammonium (NH4+), csld1 roots failed to elongate. csld1 elongated normally in the presence of nitrate (NO3−). Expression analysis showed an increase in root hair-specific AMT1;2 expression in csld1. CSLD1 was positively co-expressed with AMT1;2 changing nitrogen concentration in the growth media. CSLD1 showed increased expression in the presence of both ammonium and nitrate. Methylammonium (MeA) treatment of CSLD1 overexpression lines suggests that CSLD1 does not directly participate in nitrogen transport. Further studies on the root hair elongation mutant sndp1 showed that nitrogen assimilation is unlikely to depend on root hair length. Therefore, these results suggest that CSLD1 is closely involved in nitrogen-dependent root hair elongation and regulation of AMT1;2 expression in rice roots.
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21
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Does Potassium (K +) Contribute to High-Nitrate (NO 3-) Weakening of a Plant's Defense System against Necrotrophic Fungi? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415631. [PMID: 36555267 PMCID: PMC9778958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion article, we have analyzed the relevancy of a hypothesis which is based on the idea that in Arabidopsis thaliana jasmonic acid, a (JA)-mediated defense system against necrotrophic fungi is weakened when NO3- supply is high. Such a hypothesis is based on the fact that when NO3- supply is high, it induces an increase in the amount of bioactive ABA which induces the sequestration of the phosphatase ABI2 (PP2C) into the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor. Consequently, the Ca sensors CBL1/9-CIPK23 are not dephosphorylated by ABI2, thus remaining able to phosphorylate targets such as AtNPF6.3 and AtKAT1, which are NO3- and K+ transporters, respectively. Therefore, the impact of phosphorylation on the regulation of these two transporters, could (1) reduce NO3- influx as in its phosphorylated state AtNPF6.3 shifts to low capacity state and (2) increase K+ influx, as in its phosphorylated state KAT1 becomes more active. It is also well known that in roots, K+ loading in the xylem and its transport to the shoot is activated in the presence of NO3-. As such, the enrichment of plant tissues in K+ can impair a jasmonic acid (JA) regulatory pathway and the induction of the corresponding biomarkers. The latter are known to be up-regulated under K+ deficiency and inhibited when K+ is resupplied. We therefore suggest that increased K+ uptake and tissue content induced by high NO3- supply modifies the JA regulatory pathway, resulting in a weakened JA-mediated plant's defense system against necrotrophic fungi.
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22
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Root Foraging Strategy Improves the Adaptability of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.) to Soil Potassium Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158585. [PMID: 35955715 PMCID: PMC9369073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Root foraging enables plants to obtain more soil nutrients in a constantly changing nutrient environment. Little is known about the adaptation mechanism of adventitious roots of plants dominated by asexual reproduction (such as tea plants) to soil potassium heterogeneity. We investigated root foraging strategies for K by two tea plants (low-K tolerant genotype “1511” and low-K intolerant genotype “1601”) using a multi-layer split-root system. Root exudates, root architecture and transcriptional responses to K heterogeneity were analyzed by HPLC, WinRHIZO and RNA-seq. With the higher leaf K concentrations and K biological utilization indexes, “1511” acclimated to K heterogeneity better than “1601”. For “1511”, maximum total root length and fine root length proportion appeared on the K-enriched side; the solubilization of soil K reached the maximum on the low-K side, which was consistent with the amount of organic acids released through root exudation. The cellulose decomposition genes that were abundant on the K-enriched side may have promoted root proliferation for “1511”. This did not happen in “1601”. The low-K tolerant tea genotype “1511” was better at acclimating to K heterogeneity, which was due to a smart root foraging strategy: more roots (especially fine roots) were developed in the K-enriched side; more organic acids were secreted in the low-K side to activate soil K and the root proliferation in the K-enriched side might be due to cellulose decomposition. The present research provides a practical basis for a better understanding of the adaptation strategies of clonal woody plants to soil nutrient availability.
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23
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Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Yi N, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Potassium deficiency inhibits leaf growth and promotes leaf necrotic spots in Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1256-1268. [PMID: 34940885 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaves, being a key plant organ involved in photosynthesis, play an important role in plant growth and development. Although there have been a few studies on the effects of potassium (K+) deficiency on the leaves of woody plants, knowledge about mechanism of necrotic spot formation on leaves during K+ deficiency is scarce. We used a hydroponics setup to understand the effects of K+ deficiency on Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. K+ deficiency resulted in smaller leaves and necrotic spots on the older leaves, whereas regulatory modules of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell expansion were downregulated. K+ deficiency increased the activity of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidases and malondialdehyde, and expression of DEGs related to these was also upregulated. Strong diaminobenzidine staining was observed on the older leaves showing accumulation of H2O2 during K+ deficiency treatment. In addition, putrescine and ethylene synthesis genes were upregulated. Fifteen DEGs in response to ethylene signaling, including ETR1, ETR2, EBF1, ERF1 and ERF2, were upregulated in the third week. The leaf growth changes caused by K+ deficiency in N. cadamba were well demonstrated by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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24
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Chtouki M, Naciri R, Garré S, Nguyen F, Oukarroum A. Chickpea plant responses to polyphosphate fertiliser forms and drip fertigation frequencies: effect on photosynthetic performance and phenotypic traits. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:505-516. [PMID: 34147138 DOI: 10.1071/fp21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the main biophysiological process that governs plant growth and development. Under nutrient deficiency in crops and soils, many photosynthetic reactions can be disturbed. We compared two polyphosphates (Poly-A and Poly-B) and an orthophosphate fertiliser (Ortho-P) to an unfertilised treatment under three drip fertigation frequencies. Results showed that the electron transport chain between PSII and PSI was significantly enhanced in fertigated chickpea plants compared with the control treatment. The polyphosphate fertiliser (Poly-A) enhanced the number of electron acceptors of the photosynthetic linear electron transport chain compared with the other fertiliser forms. Furthermore, the time for reaching the maximum intensity F m was shortened in the fertilised chickpea plant indicating that the rate of light trapping and electron transport was enhanced under phosphorus drip fertigation. Also, the energy needed to close all reaction centres was decreased with P fertigated treatments, as revealed by the electron acceptor pool size of PSII (Sm/tFmax ). However, no significant effects of fertiliser forms or fertigation frequencies were observed on the energetic demand for reaction centres closure. Plants grown under polyphosphate fertigation absorbed significantly more phosphorus. Positive correlations between phosphorus uptake, photosynthetic yield, chickpea podding dynamic, and grain yield showed the beneficial effects of adequate phosphorus nutrition on chickpea growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chtouki
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Rachida Naciri
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Sarah Garré
- University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Frederic Nguyen
- University of Liege - UR UEE, School of Engineering, Liege B-4000, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University - AgoBioSciences, Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; and Corresponding author
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25
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Dreyer I, Li K, Riedelsberger J, Hedrich R, Konrad KR, Michard E. Transporter networks can serve plant cells as nutrient sensors and mimic transceptor-like behavior. iScience 2022; 25:104078. [PMID: 35378857 PMCID: PMC8976136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of external mineral nutrient concentrations is essential for plants to colonize environments with a large spectrum of nutrient availability. Here, we analyzed transporter networks in computational cell biology simulations to understand better the initial steps of this sensing process. The networks analyzed were capable of translating the information of changing external nutrient concentrations into cytosolic H+ and Ca2+ signals, two of the most ubiquitous cellular second messengers. The concept emerging from the computational simulations was confirmed in wet-lab experiments. We document in guard cells that alterations in the external KCl concentration were translated into cytosolic H+ and Ca2+ transients as predicted. We show that transporter networks do not only serve their primary task of transport, but can also take on the role of a receptor without requiring conformational changes of a transporter protein. Such transceptor-like phenomena may be quite common in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Kunkun Li
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Erwan Michard
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
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26
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Effect of Mineral Nutrition and Salt Spray on Cucumber Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081007. [PMID: 35448736 PMCID: PMC9024561 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that spraying with CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, and K2SO4 and high N and Mg concentrations in the irrigation water of potted cucumber plants reduced powdery mildew, while medium P and high K concentrations increased powdery mildew. In the present work, we tested the effect of irrigation with N, P, K, Ca, and Mg and spraying with salts on downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) of cucumber (CDM). In potted plants, an increase in N concentration in the irrigation water resulted in a major increase in CDM severity, while an increase in K or Ca concentrations resulted in a gradual increase in CDM severity. An increase in P and Mg concentrations in the irrigation water resulted in a major CDM decrease. Spraying with Ca, Mg, and K salts with Cl and SO4 anions resulted in CDM suppression in most cases, and a negative correlation was obtained between the salt and anion molar concentrations and the CDM severity. Using NaCl sprays, both Na and Cl concentrations were negatively related to the CDM severity. MgCl2 (0.1 M Cl), K2SO4 (0.1 M SO4), MgCl2 + K2SO4, and monopotassium phosphate (MKP, 1%) sprayed under commercial-like (CL) conditions significantly reduced CDM by 36.6% to 62.6% in one disease cycle, while, in a second cycle, CDM was significantly reduced only by K2SO4 and MKP. In conclusion, fertigation with P and Mg, and salt spraying decreased CDM, while only spraying under CL resulted in CDM suppression.
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27
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He M, Li X, Mang M, Li Z, Ludewig U, Schulze WX. A systems-biology approach identifies co-expression modules in response to low phosphate supply in maize lines of different breeding history. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1249-1270. [PMID: 34897849 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants cope with low phosphorus availability by adjusting growth and metabolism through transcriptomic and proteomic adaptations. We hypothesize that selected genotypes with distinct phosphorous (P) use efficiency covering the breeding history of European Flint heterotic pool provide a tool to reveal general and genotype-specific molecular responses to P limitation. We reconstructed protein and gene co-expression networks by weighted correlation network analysis and related these to phosphate deficiency-induced traits. In roots, low phosphate supply resulted in a decreasing abundance of proteins in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and a negative correlation with root and shoot phosphate content. We observed an increase in abundance and positive correlation with root and shoot phosphate content for proteins in sucrose biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, respiration and RNA processing. Purple acid phosphatases, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were identified as being upregulated under low phosphate in all genotypes. Overall, correlations between protein and mRNA abundance changes were limited, with ribosomal proteins and the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway exclusively responding with protein abundance changes. Carbohydrate, phospho- and sulfo-lipid metabolism showed abundance changes at the protein and mRNA levels. These partially non-overlapping proteomic and transcriptomic adjustments to low phosphate suggest sugar and lipid metabolism as metabolic processes associated with improved P use efficiency specifically in Founder Flint lines. We identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase as a potential genotype-specific regulator of sucrose metabolism at low phosphate in Founder Flint line EP1. We conclude that, during breedingt of Elite Flint lines, regulation of primary metabolism has changed to result in a distinct low phosphate response in Founder lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie He
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Melissa Mang
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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28
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Mao Y, Yin Y, Cui X, Wang H, Su X, Qin X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Shen X. Homologous Cloning of Potassium Channel Genes From the Superior Apple Rootstock Line 12-2, Which is Tolerant to Apple Replant Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:803160. [PMID: 35154275 PMCID: PMC8826240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.803160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are important ion channels that are responsible for the absorption of potassium in the plant nutrient uptake system. In this study, we used homologous molecular cloning to obtain 8 K+ channel genes from the superior apple rootstock line 12-2 (self-named): MsAKT1-1, MsKAT3-2, MsKAT1-3, MsK2P3-4, MsK2P3-5, MsK2P5-6, MsK2P3-7, and MsK2P3-8. Their lengths varied from 942 bp (MsK2P5-6) to 2625 bp (MsAKT1-1), and the number of encoded amino acids varied from 314 (MsK2P5-6) to 874 (MsAKT1-1). Subcellular localization predictions showed that MsAKT1-1, MsKAT3-2, and MsKAT1-3 were localized on the plasma membrane, and MsK2P3-4, MsK2P3-5, MsK2P5-6, MsK2P3-7, and MsK2P3-8 were localized on the vacuole and plasma membrane. The 8 K+ channel proteins contained α helices, extended strands, β turns, and random coils. MsKAT1-3 had four transmembrane structures, MsKAT3-2 had six, and the other six K+ channel genes had five. Protein structure domain analysis showed that MsAKT1-1 contained nine protein domains, followed by MsKAT3-2 with four, MsKAT1-3 with three, and the other five two-pore domain K+ channel proteins with two. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection of the K+ channel genes showed that their expression levels were high in roots. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of the 8 genes changed after exposure to ARD stress. The above results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the functions of potassium channel genes in 12-2 and a scientific basis for the breeding of ARD-resistant rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueli Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - XiaFei Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yangbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Chen Y, Yang H, Shen Z, Ye J. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Potassium-Solubilizing Mechanism of Bacillus aryabhattai SK1-7. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:722379. [PMID: 35058888 PMCID: PMC8764406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the whole genome of Bacillus aryabhattai strain SK1-7 and explore its potassium solubilization characteristics and mechanism, thus providing a theoretical basis for analyzing the utilization and improvement of insoluble potassium resources in soil. Genome information for Bacillus aryabhattai SK1-7 was obtained by using Illumina NovaSeq second-generation sequencing and GridION Nanopore ONT third-generation sequencing technology. The contents of organic acids and polysaccharides in fermentation broth of Bacillus aryabhattai SK1-7 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the anthrone sulfuric acid method, and the expression levels of the potassium solubilization-related genes ackA, epsB, gltA, mdh and ppc were compared by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR under different potassium source culture conditions. The whole genome of the strain consisted of a complete chromosome sequence and four plasmid sequences. The sequence sizes of the chromosomes and plasmids P1, P2, P3 and P4 were 5,188,391 bp, 136,204 bp, 124,862 bp, 67,200 bp and 12,374 bp, respectively. The GC contents were 38.2, 34.4, 33.6, 32.8, and 33.7%. Strain SK1-7 mainly secreted malic, formic, acetic and citric acids under culture with an insoluble potassium source. The polysaccharide content produced with an insoluble potassium source was higher than that with a soluble potassium source. The expression levels of five potassium solubilization-related genes with the insoluble potassium source were higher than those with the soluble potassium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zizhu Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Chen M, Yin Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Fu T, Huo X, Wang Y. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Integration of Early Response of Populus tomentosa to Reduced Nitrogen Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:769748. [PMID: 34956269 PMCID: PMC8692568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.769748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most crucial elements for plant growth and development. However, little is known about the metabolic regulation of trees under conditions of N deficiency. In this investigation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine global changes in metabolites and regulatory pathways in Populus tomentosa. Thirty metabolites were found to be changed significantly under conditions of low-N stress. N deficiency resulted in increased levels of carbohydrates and decreases in amino acids and some alcohols, as well as some secondary metabolites. Furthermore, an RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed to characterize the transcriptomic profiles, and 1,662 differentially expressed genes were identified in P. tomentosa. Intriguingly, four pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism were enriched. Genes involved in the gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid pathways were found to be responsive to low-N stress, and the contents of hormones were then validated by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Coordinated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed a pattern of co-expression of five pairs of metabolites and unigenes. Overall, our investigation showed that metabolism directly related to N deficiency was depressed, while some components of energy metabolism were increased. These observations provided insights into the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions of N and carbon in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Nutrient Status of Cucumber Plants Affects Powdery Mildew ( Podosphaera xanthii). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102216. [PMID: 34686025 PMCID: PMC8539619 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of applications of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca through an irrigation solution and spraying K, Ca, and Mg salts on cucumber powdery mildew (CPM, Podosphaera xanthii) in potted plants and under commercial-like conditions. Spraying CaCl2 and MgCl2, or KCl and K2SO4, decreased CPM. There were significant negative correlations between the anion-related molar concentrations of the salts and disease severity. Among the sprayed treatments, NaCl provided significantly less CPM control when applied at a low (0.05 M) concentration, as compared with CaCl2 and MgCl2. When sprayed applications of Mg and K salts were analyzed separately from the untreated control, the Cl− salts were found to be more effective than the SO4−2 salts. High N and Mg concentrations in the irrigation water delivered to young, fruit-less cucumber plants reduced CPM, whereas more CPM was observed when the irrigation solution contained a medium amount of P and a high amount of K. In contrast, mature, fruit-bearing plants had less severe CPM at higher N, lower P, and higher K levels. Spraying mature plants with monopotassium phosphate, polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O), and the salts mentioned above over an entire growing season suppressed CPM. CPM severity was also reduced by spray applications of Ca, Mg, and KSO4−2 and Cl− salts. Spray applications provided better CPM control than fertigation treatments. Induced resistance is probably involved in the effects of nutrients on CPM.
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Distinct responses of frond and root to increasing nutrient availability in a floating clonal plant. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258253. [PMID: 34634063 PMCID: PMC8504747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on responses of aquatic clonal plants to resource availability is largely based on studies manipulating limited resource levels, which may have failed to capture the “big picture” for aquatic clonal plants in response to resource availability. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew the floating clonal plant Spirodela polyrhiza under ten nutrient levels (i.e., 1/64×, 1/32×, 1/16×, 1/8×, 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8×full-strength Hoagland solution) and examined their responses in terms of clonal growth, morphology and biomass allocations. The responses of total biomass and number of ramets to nutrient availability were unimodal. A similar pattern was found for frond mass, frond length and frond width, even though area per frond and specific frond area fluctuated greatly in response to nutrient availability. In contrast, the responses of root mass and root length to nutrient availability were U-shaped. Moreover, S. polyrhiza invested more to roots under lower nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that nutrient availability may have distinct influences on roots and fronds of the aquatic clonal plant S. polyrhiza, resulting in a great influence on the whole S. polyrhiza population.
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Elad Y, Nisan Z, Kleinman Z, Rav-David D, Yermiyahu U. Effects of Microelements on Downy Mildew ( Peronospora belbahrii) of Sweet Basil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1793. [PMID: 34579327 PMCID: PMC8468259 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that spraying or irrigating with Ca, Mg and K reduces the severity of sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM). Here, the effects of Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe on SBDM were tested in potted plants. The effects of Mn and Zn were also tested under semi-commercial and commercial-like field conditions. Spray applications of a mixture of EDTA-chelated microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, Cu-EDTA and Mo) reduces SBDM severity. The application of EDTA chelates of individual microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA) significantly reduces SBDM in potted plants. Foliar applications of Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA are found to be effective under semi-commercial conditions and were, thus, further tested under commercial-like conditions. Under commercial-like conditions, foliar-applied Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA decreased SBDM severity by 46-71%. When applied through the irrigation solution, those two microelements reduce SBDM by more than 50%. Combining Mg with Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA in the irrigation solution does not provide any additional disease reduction. In the commercial-like field experiment, the microelement-mixture treatment, applied as a spray or via the irrigation solution, was combined with fungicides spray treatments. This combination provides synergistic disease control. The mode of action in this plant-pathogen system may involve features of altered host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Elad
- Department Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 Hamakabim Rd, Rishon LeZion 7534509, Israel; (Z.N.); (D.R.-D.)
| | - Ziv Nisan
- Department Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 Hamakabim Rd, Rishon LeZion 7534509, Israel; (Z.N.); (D.R.-D.)
- Bikat HaYarden Research and Development, Tzevi Research Station, Bikat HaYarden 91906, Israel;
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Kleinman
- Bikat HaYarden Research and Development, Tzevi Research Station, Bikat HaYarden 91906, Israel;
| | - Dalia Rav-David
- Department Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 Hamakabim Rd, Rishon LeZion 7534509, Israel; (Z.N.); (D.R.-D.)
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Gilat 8528000, Israel;
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Singh A. Expression dynamics indicate the role of Jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway in regulating macronutrient (N, P and K +) deficiency tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1495-1512. [PMID: 34089089 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Expression pattern indicates that JA biosynthesis pathway via regulating JA levels might control root system architecture to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and N, P, K+ deficiency tolerance in rice. Deficiencies of macronutrients (N, P and K+) and consequent excessive use of fertilizers have dramatically reduced soil fertility. It calls for development of nutrient use efficient plants. Plants combat nutrient deficiencies by altering their root system architecture (RSA) to enhance the acquisition of nutrients from the soil. Amongst various phytohormones, Jasmonic acid (JA) is known to regulate plant root growth and modulate RSA. Therefore, to understand the role of JA in macronutrient deficiency in rice, expression pattern of JA biosynthesis genes was analyzed under N, P and K+ deficiencies. Several members belonging to different families of JA biosynthesis genes (PLA1, LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX and JAR1) showed differential expression exclusively in one nutrient deficiency or in multiple nutrient deficiencies. Expression analysis during developmental stages showed that several genes expressed significantly in vegetative tissues, particularly in root. In addition, JA biosynthesis genes were found to have significant expression under the treatment of different phytohormones, including Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), JA and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Analysis of promoters of these genes revealed various cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone response, plant development and abiotic stresses. These findings suggest that JA biosynthesis pathway by regulating the level of JA might control the RSA thus, it may help rice plant in combating macronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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35
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Bardhan K, York LM, Hasanuzzaman M, Parekh V, Jena S, Pandya MN. Can smart nutrient applications optimize the plant's hidden half to improve drought resistance? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1007-1015. [PMID: 33432608 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Global agriculture is challenged with achieving sustainable food security while the climate changes and the threat of drought increases. Much of the research attention has focused on above-ground plant responses with an aim to improve drought resistance. The hidden half, that is, the root system belowground, is receiving increasing attention as the interface of the plant with the soil. Because roots are a sensing organ for nutrients and moisture, we speculate that crop root system traits can be managed using smart nutrient application in order to increase drought resistance. Roots are known to be influenced both by their underlying genetics and also by responses to the environment, termed root plasticity. Though very little is known about the combined effect of water and nutrients on root plasticity, we explore the possibilities of root system manipulation by nutrient application. We compare the effects of different water or nutrient levels on root plasticity and its genetic regulation, with a focus on how this may affect drought resistance. We propose four primary mechanisms through which smart nutrient management can optimize root traits for drought resistance: (1) overall plant vigor, (2) increased root allocation, (3) influence specific root traits, and (4) use smart placement and timing to encourage deep rooting. In the longer term, we envision that beneficial root traits, including plasticity, could be bred into efficient varieties and combined with advanced precision management of water and nutrients to achieve agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Bardhan
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vipulkumar Parekh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - Suchismita Jena
- Department of Fruit Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - Mansi N Pandya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
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Ruffel S, Chaput V, Przybyla-Toscano J, Fayos I, Ibarra C, Moyano T, Fizames C, Tillard P, O’Brien JA, Gutiérrez RA, Gojon A, Lejay L. Genome-wide analysis in response to nitrogen and carbon identifies regulators for root AtNRT2 transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:696-714. [PMID: 33582801 PMCID: PMC8154064 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the High-Affinity Transport System (HATS) for root nitrate (NO3-) uptake depends mainly on four NRT2 NO3- transporters, namely NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5. The HATS is the target of many regulations to coordinate nitrogen (N) acquisition with the N status of the plant and with carbon (C) assimilation through photosynthesis. At the molecular level, C and N signaling pathways control gene expression of the NRT2 transporters. Although several regulators of these transporters have been identified in response to either N or C signals, the response of NRT2 gene expression to the interaction of these signals has never been specifically investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this question we used an original systems biology approach to model a regulatory gene network targeting NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5 in response to N/C signals. Our systems analysis of the data identified three transcription factors, TGA3, MYC1, and bHLH093. Functional analysis of mutants combined with yeast one-hybrid experiments confirmed that all three transcription factors are regulators of NRT2.4 or NRT2.5 in response to N or C signals. These results reveal a role for TGA3, MYC1, and bHLH093 in controlling the expression of root NRT2 transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Valentin Chaput
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Ian Fayos
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Catalina Ibarra
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Tomas Moyano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cécile Fizames
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Pascal Tillard
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jose Antonio O’Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alain Gojon
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Author for communication:
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37
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Ruffel S, Chaput V, Przybyla-Toscano J, Fayos I, Ibarra C, Moyano T, Fizames C, Tillard P, O'Brien JA, Gutiérrez RA, Gojon A, Lejay L. Genome-wide analysis in response to nitrogen and carbon identifies regulators for root AtNRT2 transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:696-714. [PMID: 33582801 DOI: 10.1101/822197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the High-Affinity Transport System (HATS) for root nitrate (NO3-) uptake depends mainly on four NRT2 NO3- transporters, namely NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5. The HATS is the target of many regulations to coordinate nitrogen (N) acquisition with the N status of the plant and with carbon (C) assimilation through photosynthesis. At the molecular level, C and N signaling pathways control gene expression of the NRT2 transporters. Although several regulators of these transporters have been identified in response to either N or C signals, the response of NRT2 gene expression to the interaction of these signals has never been specifically investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this question we used an original systems biology approach to model a regulatory gene network targeting NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5 in response to N/C signals. Our systems analysis of the data identified three transcription factors, TGA3, MYC1, and bHLH093. Functional analysis of mutants combined with yeast one-hybrid experiments confirmed that all three transcription factors are regulators of NRT2.4 or NRT2.5 in response to N or C signals. These results reveal a role for TGA3, MYC1, and bHLH093 in controlling the expression of root NRT2 transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Valentin Chaput
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Ian Fayos
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Catalina Ibarra
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Tomas Moyano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cécile Fizames
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Pascal Tillard
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jose Antonio O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alain Gojon
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
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Monda H, McKenna AM, Fountain R, Lamar RT. Bioactivity of Humic Acids Extracted From Shale Ore: Molecular Characterization and Structure-Activity Relationship With Tomato Plant Yield Under Nutritional Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660224. [PMID: 34122481 PMCID: PMC8195337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands for biostimulants in the agricultural market over the last years have posed the problem of regulating this product category by requiring the industry to make available the information about efficacy and safety, including the explanation of mode of action and the definition of bioactive constituents. In the present study, we tested the biostimulant proprieties of a sedimentary shale ore-extracted humic acid (HA) on Micro Tom tomato plants under increasing nutritional stress and investigated the correlation with the chemical features of HA by means of ultra-high resolution FT-ICR MS, FT-ATR, and 13C-NMR. Humic acid application proved effective in alleviating the nutritional stress by improving nutrient use efficiency, with results comparable to the control treatment supplied with higher NPK nutrition. Increased yield (up to +19%) and fruit quality (in the range +10-24%), higher ascorbic acid content and a better root growth were the main parameters affected by HA application. Molecular-level characterization identified the possible chemical drivers of bioactivity, and included flavonoids, quinones, and alkaloids among the most represented molecules, some of which exhibiting antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The redox effect was discussed as a determinant of the delicate homeostasis balance, capable of triggering plant defense response and eventually inducing a protective priming effect on the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiarhi Monda
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Fountain
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Richard T. Lamar
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
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Yin H, Cao Y, Marelli B, Zeng X, Mason AJ, Cao C. Soil Sensors and Plant Wearables for Smart and Precision Agriculture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007764. [PMID: 33829545 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil sensors and plant wearables play a critical role in smart and precision agriculture via monitoring real-time physical and chemical signals in the soil, such as temperature, moisture, pH, and pollutants and providing key information to optimize crop growth circumstances, fight against biotic and abiotic stresses, and enhance crop yields. Herein, the recent advances of the important soil sensors in agricultural applications, including temperature sensors, moisture sensors, organic matter compounds sensors, pH sensors, insect/pest sensors, and soil pollutant sensors are reviewed. Major sensing technologies, designs, performance, and pros and cons of each sensor category are highlighted. Emerging technologies such as plant wearables and wireless sensor networks are also discussed in terms of their applications in precision agriculture. The research directions and challenges of soil sensors and intelligent agriculture are finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yunteng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Mason
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Changyong Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Oustric J, Herbette S, Morillon R, Giannettini J, Berti L, Santini J. Influence of Rootstock Genotype and Ploidy Level on Common Clementine ( Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) Tolerance to Nutrient Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634237. [PMID: 33897725 PMCID: PMC8060649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiency, in particular when this involves a major macronutrient (N, P, and K), is a limiting factor on the performance of plants in their natural habitat and agricultural environment. In the citrus industry, one of the eco-friendliest techniques for improving tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress is based on the grafting of a rootstock and a scion of economic interest. Scion tolerance may be improved by a tetraploid rootstock. The purpose of this study was to highlight if tolerance of a common clementine scion (C) (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) to nutrient deficiency could be improved by several diploid (2×) and their tetraploid (4×) counterparts citrus genotypes commonly used as rootstocks: Trifoliate orange × Cleopatra mandarin (C/PMC2x and C/PMC4x), Carrizo citrange (C/CC2x and C/CC4x), Citrumelo 4475 (C/CM2x and C/CM4x). The allotetraploid FlhorAG1 (C/FL4x) was also included in the experimental design. The impact of nutrient deficiency on these seven scion/rootstock combinations was evaluated at root and leaf levels by investigating anatomical parameters, photosynthetic properties and oxidative and antioxidant metabolism. Nutrient deficiency affects foliar tissues, physiological parameters and oxidative metabolism in leaves and roots in different ways depending on the rootstock genotype and ploidy level. The best known nutrient deficiency-tolerant common clementine scions were grafted with the doubled diploid Citrumelo 4475 (C/CM4x) and the allotetraploid FlhorAG1 (C/FL4x). These combinations were found to have less foliar damage, fewer changes of photosynthetic processes [leaf net photosynthetic rate (P net ), stomatal conductance (g s ), transpiration (E), maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ), electron transport rate (ETR), ETR/P net ], and effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)], less malondialdehyde accumulation in leaves and better functional enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Common clementine scions grafted on other 4× rootstocks did not show better tolerance than those grafted on their 2× counterparts. Chromosome doubling of rootstocks did not systematically improve the tolerance of the common clementine scion to nutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oustric
- CNRS, Équipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | | | - Raphaël Morillon
- Equipe SEAPAG, CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Giannettini
- CNRS, Équipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Liliane Berti
- CNRS, Équipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Jérémie Santini
- CNRS, Équipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
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Li Z, Qiu Q, Chen Y, Lin D, Huang J, Huang T. Metabolite alteration in response to low phosphorus stress in developing tomato fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:234-243. [PMID: 33388658 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of fruit quality caused by environmental stress is a common but largely unresolved issue for plant cultivation and breeding practices. Phosphorus (P) deficiency may interfere with a variety of metabolic processes whose intermediate products are correlated with important fruit quality traits. However, how low P stress affects fruit quality has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we assessed the contents of major metabolites associated with tomato fruit quality under two low P treatments that started at the seedling or flowering stage. The major pigments and the key organic acids related to fruit sourness were differentially over-accumulated as fruit ripened under two low P treatments compared to those under the control treatment, while the total content of soluble sugars contributing to fruit sweetness was substantially reduced under both treatments. These changes were largely attributed to the alteration of enzyme activities in the relevant metabolic pathways. In particular, we found that low P stress from different developmental stages had differential effects on the activation of γ-aminobutyric acid shunt that were likely responsible for the preferential accumulation of different organic acids in tomato fruits. Our study suggested that low P stress strongly affected tomato fruit quality and the effects appeared to be variable under different regimes of low P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiyun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinghao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongbo Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wang X, Li J, Li F, Pan Y, Cai D, Mao D, Chen L, Luan S. Rice Potassium Transporter OsHAK8 Mediates K + Uptake and Translocation in Response to Low K + Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:730002. [PMID: 34413871 PMCID: PMC8369890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.730002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) levels in the soil often limit plant growth and development. As a result, crop production largely relies on the heavy use of chemical fertilizers, presenting a challenging problem in sustainable agriculture. To breed crops with higher K+-use efficiency (KUE), we must learn how K+ is acquired from the soil by the root system and transported to the rest of the plant through K+ transporters. In this study, we identified the function of the rice K+ transporter OsHAK8, whose expression level is downregulated in response to low-K+ stress. When OsHAK8 was disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, Oshak8 mutant plants showed stunted growth, especially under low-K+ conditions. Ion content analyses indicated that K+ uptake and root-to-shoot K+ transport were significantly impaired in Oshak8 mutants under low-K+ conditions. As the OsHAK8 gene was broadly expressed in different cell types in the roots and its protein was targeted to the plasma membrane, we propose that OsHAK8 serves as a major transporter for both uptake and root-to-shoot translocation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Mao,
| | - Liangbi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Liangbi Chen,
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Sheng Luan,
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Mohapatra T. Interaction Between Macro- and Micro-Nutrients in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665583. [PMID: 34040623 PMCID: PMC8141648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are some of the vital nutrients required for optimum growth, development, and productivity of plants. The deficiency of any of these nutrients may lead to defects in plant growth and decreased productivity. Plant responses to the deficiency of N, P, S, Fe, or Zn have been studied mainly as a separate event, and only a few reports discuss the molecular basis of biological interaction among the nutrients. Macro-nutrients like N, P, and/or S not only show the interacting pathways for each other but also affect micro-nutrient pathways. Limited reports are available on the investigation of two-by-two or multi-level nutrient interactions in plants. Such studies on the nutrient interaction pathways suggest that an MYB-like transcription factor, phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1), acts as a master regulator of N, P, S, Fe, and Zn homeostasis. Similarly, light-responsive transcription factors were identified to be involved in modulating nutrient responses in Arabidopsis. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how plants coordinate the acquisition, transport, signaling, and interacting pathways for N, P, S, Fe, and Zn nutrition at the molecular level. Identification of the important candidate genes for interactions between N, P, S, Fe, and/or Zn metabolic pathways might be useful for the breeders to improve nutrient use efficiency and yield/quality of crop plants. Integrated studies on pathways interactions/cross-talks between macro- and micro-nutrients in the agronomically important crop plants would be essential for sustainable agriculture around the globe, particularly under the changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Suresh Kumar, ; , orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-3079
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44
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Potassium-Solubilizing Activity of Bacillus aryabhattai SK1-7 and Its Growth-Promoting Effect on Populus alba L. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the potassium-solubilizing characteristics of Bacillus aryabhattai SK1-7 and its growth-promoting effect on plants were evaluated to determine the biotechnological potential of this bacterium in alleviating soil potassium deficiency. The potassium-solubilizing activity of SK1-7 was determined by fermentation. Additionally, the fermentation broth was determined by flame spectrophotometry. The aluminum and silicon ion contents in SK1-7 fermentation broth were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after digestion with nitric acid hydrogen peroxide hydrofluoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based observations were performed to assess the morphological changes in potassium feldspar surfaces digested by potassium-solubilizing bacteria. In addition, the effects of SK1-7 on plant growth and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. After incubation for 7 days in a potassium-solubilizing medium, the concentration of potassium dissolved reached 10.8 μg/mL and the percentage of potassium released was 32.6%. The pH rapidly decreased from 7.2 to 4.321 within the first day and then further decreased to 3.90 after 7 days. After 7 days, the concentrations of aluminum and silicon in the fermentation broth were 1.01 and 24.19 μg/mL, respectively. The growth promotion assay results showed that SK1-7 has good growth-promoting effects on poplar and can effectively improve the available potassium content in poplar rhizosphere soil. The SK1-7 strain can effectively dissolve insoluble potassium to release soluble potassium ions and clearly promotes the growth of poplar after being applied to soil. Thus, the SK1-7 strain is a potassium-solubilizing microorganism with good application prospects.
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45
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Varga T, Hixson KK, Ahkami AH, Sher AW, Barnes ME, Chu RK, Battu AK, Nicora CD, Winkler TE, Reno LR, Fakra SC, Antipova O, Parkinson DY, Hall JR, Doty SL. Endophyte-Promoted Phosphorus Solubilization in Populus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:567918. [PMID: 33193494 PMCID: PMC7609660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, but it may be relatively unavailable to plants because of its chemistry. In soil, the majority of phosphorus is present in the form of a phosphate, usually as metal complexes making it bound to minerals or organic matter. Therefore, inorganic phosphate solubilization is an important process of plant growth promotion by plant associated bacteria and fungi. Non-nodulating plant species have been shown to thrive in low-nutrient environments, in some instances by relying on plant associated microorganisms called endophytes. These microorganisms live within the plant and help supply nutrients for the plant. Despite their potential enormous environmental importance, there are a limited number of studies looking at the direct molecular impact of phosphate solubilizing endophytic bacteria on the host plant. In this work, we studied the impact of two endophyte strains of wild poplar (Populus trichocarpa) that solubilize phosphate. Using a combination of x-ray imaging, spectroscopy methods, and proteomics, we report direct evidence of endophyte-promoted phosphorus uptake in poplar. We found that the solubilized phosphate may react and become insoluble once inside plant tissue, suggesting that endophytes may aid in the re-release of phosphate. Using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy, we visualized the nutrient phosphorus inside poplar roots inoculated by the selected endophytes and found the phosphorus in both forms of organic and inorganic phosphates inside the root. Tomography-based root imaging revealed a markedly different root biomass and root architecture for poplar samples inoculated with the phosphate solubilizing bacteria strains. Proteomics characterization on poplar roots coupled with protein network analysis revealed novel proteins and metabolic pathways with possible involvement in endophyte enriched phosphorus uptake. These findings suggest an important role of endophytes for phosphorus acquisition and provide a deeper understanding of the critical symbiotic associations between poplar and the endophytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Varga
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kim K. Hixson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Andrew W. Sher
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Morgan E. Barnes
- Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Rosalie K. Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Anil K. Battu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tanya E. Winkler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Loren R. Reno
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Sirine C. Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Olga Antipova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Dilworth Y. Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jackson R. Hall
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharon L. Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Fernandez-Pozo N, Haas FB, Meyberg R, Ullrich KK, Hiss M, Perroud PF, Hanke S, Kratz V, Powell AF, Vesty EF, Daum CG, Zane M, Lipzen A, Sreedasyam A, Grimwood J, Coates JC, Barry K, Schmutz J, Mueller LA, Rensing SA. PEATmoss (Physcomitrella Expression Atlas Tool): a unified gene expression atlas for the model plant Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:165-177. [PMID: 31714620 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Physcomitrella patens is a bryophyte model plant that is often used to study plant evolution and development. Its resources are of great importance for comparative genomics and evo-devo approaches. However, expression data from Physcomitrella patens were so far generated using different gene annotation versions and three different platforms: CombiMatrix and NimbleGen expression microarrays and RNA sequencing. The currently available P. patens expression data are distributed across three tools with different visualization methods to access the data. Here, we introduce an interactive expression atlas, Physcomitrella Expression Atlas Tool (PEATmoss), that unifies publicly available expression data for P. patens and provides multiple visualization methods to query the data in a single web-based tool. Moreover, PEATmoss includes 35 expression experiments not previously available in any other expression atlas. To facilitate gene expression queries across different gene annotation versions, and to access P. patens annotations and related resources, a lookup database and web tool linked to PEATmoss was implemented. PEATmoss can be accessed at https://peatmoss.online.uni-marburg.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian B Haas
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rabea Meyberg
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian K Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany
| | - Manuel Hiss
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hanke
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Kratz
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor F Vesty
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher G Daum
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Matthew Zane
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | | | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Juliet C Coates
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | | | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Germany
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47
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Yang J, Zhou J, Zhou HJ, Wang MM, Liu MM, Ke YZ, Li PF, Li JN, Du H. Global Survey and Expressions of the Phosphate Transporter Gene Families in Brassica napus and Their Roles in Phosphorus Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1752. [PMID: 32143436 PMCID: PMC7084545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) transporters play critical roles in Pi acquisition and homeostasis. However, currently little is known about these genes in oil crops. In this study, we aimed to characterize the five Pi transporter gene families (PHT1-5) in allotetraploid Brassica napus. We identified and characterized 81 putative PHT genes in B. napus (BnaPHTs), including 45 genes in PHT1 family (BnaPHT1s), four BnaPHT2s, 10 BnaPHT3s, 13 BnaPHT4s and nine BnaPHT5s. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the largest PHT1 family could be divided into two groups (Group I and II), while PHT4 may be classified into five, Groups I-V. Gene structure analysis revealed that the exon-intron pattern was conservative within the same family or group. The sequence characteristics of these five families were quite different, which may contribute to their functional divergence. Transcription factor (TF) binding network analyses identified many potential TF binding sites in the promoter regions of candidates, implying their possible regulating patterns. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that most BnaPHTs were derived from an allopolyploidization event (~40.7%) between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea ancestors, and small-scale segmental duplication events (~39.5%) in the descendant. RNA-Seq analyses proved that many BnaPHTs were preferentially expressed in leaf and flower tissues. The expression profiles of most colinearity-pairs in B. napus are highly correlated, implying functional redundancy, while a few pairs may have undergone neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization during evolution. The expression levels of many BnaPHTs tend to be up-regulated by different hormones inductions, especially for IAA, ABA and 6-BA treatments. qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that six BnaPHT1s (BnaPHT1.11, BnaPHT1.14, BnaPHT1.20, BnaPHT1.35, BnaPHT1.41, BnaPHT1.44) were significantly up-regulated under low- and/or rich- Pi conditions in B. napus roots. This work analyzes the evolution and expression of the PHT family in Brassica napus, which will help further research on their role in Pi transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hong-Jun Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mang-Mang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Zhuo Ke
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.-J.Z.); (M.-M.W.); (M.-M.L.); (Y.-Z.K.); (P.-F.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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48
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Adaptation of Three Major Secondary Metabolic Pathways to Multiple Macronutrient Starvation in Tea ( Camellia sinensis). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030241. [PMID: 32106614 PMCID: PMC7140895 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a widely consumed beverage. Lack of macronutrients is a major cause of tea yield and quality losses. Though the effects of macronutrient starvation on tea metabolism have been studied, little is known about their molecular mechanisms. Hence, we investigated changes in the gene expression of tea plants under nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) deficient conditions by RNA-sequencing. A total of 9103 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Function enrichment analysis showed that many biological processes and pathways were common to N, P, and K starvation. In particular, cis-element analysis of promoter of genes uncovered that members of the WRKY, MYB, bHLH, NF-Y, NAC, Trihelix, and GATA families were more likely to regulate genes involved in catechins, l-theanine, and caffeine biosynthetic pathways. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of responses to N, P, and K starvation, and a global basis for the improvement of tea quality and molecular breeding.
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Srivastava AK, Shankar A, Nalini Chandran AK, Sharma M, Jung KH, Suprasanna P, Pandey GK. Emerging concepts of potassium homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:608-619. [PMID: 31624829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential cation in all organisms that influences crop production and ecosystem stability. Although most soils are rich in K minerals, relatively little K+ is present in forms that are available to plants. Moreover, leaching and run-off from the upper soil layers contribute to K+ deficiencies in agricultural soils. Hence, the demand for K fertilizer is increasing worldwide. K+ regulates multiple processes in cells and organs, with K+ deficiency resulting in decreased plant growth and productivity. Here, we discuss the complexity of the reactive oxygen species-calcium-hormone signalling network that is responsible for the sensing of K+ deficiency in plants, together with genetic approaches using K+ transporters that have been used to increase K+ use efficiency (KUE) in plants, particularly under environmental stress conditions such as salinity and heavy metal contamination. Publicly available rice transcriptome data are used to demonstrate the two-way relationship between K+ and nitrogen nutrition, highlighting how each nutrient can regulate the uptake and root to shoot translocation of the other. Future research directions are discussed in terms of this relationship, as well as prospects for molecular approaches for the generation of improved varieties and the implementation of new agronomic practices. An increased knowledge of the systems that sense and take up K+, and their regulation, will not only improve current understanding of plant K+ homeostasis but also facilitate new research and the implementation of measures to improve plant KUE for sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Alka Shankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
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50
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He Y, Li R, Lin F, Xiong Y, Wang L, Wang B, Guo J, Hu C. Transcriptome Changes Induced by Different Potassium Levels in Banana Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E11. [PMID: 31861661 PMCID: PMC7020221 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Potassium plays an important role in enhancing plant resistance to biological and abiotic stresses and improving fruit quality. To study the effect of potassium nutrient levels on banana root growth and its regulation mechanism, four potassium concentrations were designed to treat banana roots from no potassium to high potassium. The results indicated that K2 (3 mmol/L K2SO4) treatment was a relatively normal potassium concentration for the growth of banana root, and too high or too low potassium concentration was not conducive to the growth of banana root. By comparing the transcriptome data in each treatment in pairs, 4454 differentially expressed genes were obtained. There were obvious differences in gene function enrichment in root systems treated with different concentrations of potassium. Six significant expression profiles (profile 0, 1, 2, 7, 9 and 13) were identified by STEM analysis. The hub genes were FKF1, HsP70-1, NRT1/PTR5, CRY1, and ZIP11 in the profile 0; CYP51 in profile 1; SOS1 in profile 7; THA, LKR/SDH, MCC, C4H, CHI, F3'H, 2 PR1s, BSP, TLP, ICS, RO, chitinase and peroxidase in profile 9. Our results provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the gene regulation network in banana roots under different potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdui He
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Fei Lin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Ying Xiong
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Bizun Wang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Jianchun Guo
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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