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Protschka M, Di Placido D, Moore PF, Büttner M, Alber G, Eschke M. Canine peripheral non-conventional TCRαβ + CD4 -CD8α - double-negative T cells show T helper 2-like and regulatory properties. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400550. [PMID: 38835756 PMCID: PMC11148280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dog is an important companion animal and also serves as model species for human diseases. Given the central role of T cells in immune responses, a basic understanding of canine conventional T cell receptor (TCR)αβ+ T cells, comprising CD4+ single-positive (sp) T helper (Th) and CD8α+ sp cytotoxic T cell subsets, is available. However, characterization of canine non-conventional TCRαβ+ CD4+CD8α+ double-positive (dp) and TCRαβ+ CD4-CD8α- double-negative (dn) T cells is limited. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of canine dp and dn T cells in comparison with their conventional counterparts. TCRαβ+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy dogs were sorted according to their CD4/CD8α phenotype into four populations (i.e. CD4+ sp, CD8α+ sp, dp, and dn) and selected surface markers, transcription factors and effector molecules were analyzed ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation by RT-qPCR. Novel characteristics of canine dp T cells were identified, expanding the previously characterized Th1-like phenotype to Th17-like and Th2-like properties. Overall, mRNA expression of various Th cell-associated cytokines (i.e. IFNG, IL17A, IL4, IL13) in dp T cells upon stimulation highlights their versatile immunological potential. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CD4-CD8α- dn phenotype is stable during in vitro stimulation. Strikingly, dn T cells were found to express highest mRNA levels of type 2 effector cytokines (IL4, IL5, and IL13) upon stimulation. Their strong ability to produce IL-4 was confirmed at the protein level. Upon stimulation, the percentage of IL-4-producing cells was even higher in the non-conventional dn than in the conventional CD4+ sp population. Constitutive transcription of IL1RL1 (encoding IL-33Rα) further supports Th2-like properties within the dn T cell population. These data point to a role of dn T cells in type 2 immunity. In addition, the high potential of dn T cells to transcribe the gene encoding the co-inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 and to produce the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 indicates putative immunosuppressive capacity of this population. In summary, this study reveals important novel aspects of canine non-conventional T cells providing the basis for further studies on their effector and/or regulatory functions to elucidate their role in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Di Placido
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Eschke
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Li C, Lanasa D, Park JH. Pathways and mechanisms of CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial T cell development. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:288-302. [PMID: 38514370 PMCID: PMC11015970 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian small intestine epithelium harbors a peculiar population of CD4+CD8αα+ T cells that are derived from mature CD4+ T cells through reprogramming of lineage-specific transcription factors. CD4+CD8αα+ T cells occupy a unique niche in T cell biology because they exhibit mixed phenotypes and functional characteristics of both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The molecular pathways driving their generation are not fully mapped. However, recent studies demonstrate the unique role of the commensal gut microbiota as well as distinct cytokine and chemokine requirements in the differentiation and survival of these cells. We review the established and newly identified factors involved in the generation of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and place them in the context of the molecular machinery that drives their phenotypic and functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Lanasa
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Zhu Y, Wang Q, Xie X, Ma C, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gao Y, Jiang J, Liu X, Chen J, Li C, Ge G. ZBTB7B is a permissive regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma initiation by repressing c-Jun expression and function. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:55. [PMID: 38225233 PMCID: PMC10789742 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process. However, the regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation are understudied. Adult liver-specific gene expression was globally downregulated in HCC. We hypothesize that adult liver-specific genes, especially adult liver-enriched transcription factors may exert tumor-suppressive functions in HCC. In this study, we identify ZBTB7B, an adult liver-enriched transcription factor as a permissive regulator of HCC initiation. ZBTB7B is highly expressed in hepatocytes in adult livers, compared to fetal livers. To evaluate the functions of ZBTB7B in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed hepatocyte-specific ZBTB7B knockout in hydrodynamic oncogene transfer-induced mouse liver cancer models. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of ZBTB7B promotes activated Akt and N-Ras-induced HCC development. Moreover, ZBTB7B deficiency sensitizes hepatocytes to a single oncogene Akt-induced oncogenic transformation and HCC initiation, which is otherwise incompetent in inducing HCC. ZBTB7B deficiency accelerates HCC initiation by down-regulating adult liver-specific gene expression and priming livers to a fetal-like state. The molecular mechanism underlying ZBTB7B functions in hepatocytes was investigated by integrated transcriptomic, phosphoproteomic, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses. Integrative multi-omics analyses identify c-Jun as the core signaling node in ZBTB7B-deficient liver cancer initiation. c-Jun is a direct target of ZBTB7B essential to accelerated liver cancer initiation in ZBTB7B-deficient livers. Knockdown of c-Jun expression or dominant negative c-Jun expression delays HCC development in ZBTB7B-deficient livers. In addition, ZBTB7B competes with c-Jun for chromatin binding. Ectopic ZBTB7B expression attenuates the tumor-promoting functions of c-Jun. Expression of ZBTB7B signature, composed of 140 genes co-regulated by ZBTB7B and c-Jun, is significantly downregulated in early-stage HCCs compared to adjacent normal tissues, correlates to liver-specific gene expression, and is associated with good prognosis in human HCC. Thus, ZBTB7B functions as a permissive regulator of HCC initiation by directly regulating c-Jun expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cuihong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chen Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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4
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Giampaolo S, Chiarolla CM, Knöpper K, Vaeth M, Klein M, Muhammad A, Bopp T, Berberich-Siebelt F, Patra AK, Serfling E, Klein-Hessling S. NFATc1 induction by an intronic enhancer restricts NKT γδ cell formation. iScience 2023; 26:106234. [PMID: 36926655 PMCID: PMC10011748 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In thymus, the ablation of T cell receptor (TCR)-activated transcription factor NFATc1 or its inducible isoforms during the double-negative (DN) stages of thymocyte development leads to a marked increase in γδ thymocytes whereas the development of αβ thymocytes remains mostly unaffected. These γδ thymocytes are characterized by the upregulation of the promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger factor (PLZF), the "master regulator" of natural killer T (NKT) cell development, and the acquisition of an NKT γδ cell phenotype with higher cell survival rates. The suppressive function of NFATc1 in NKT γδ cell formation critically depends on the remote enhancer E2, which is essential for the inducible expression of NFATc1 directed by its distal promoter P1. Thus, the enhancer deciphers a strong γδ TCR signal into the expression of inducible NFATc1 isoforms resulting in high levels of NFATc1 protein that are essential to control the numbers of NKT γδ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giampaolo
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina M Chiarolla
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Azeem Muhammad
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Berberich-Siebelt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amiya K Patra
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, The John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein-Hessling
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Gao X, Shen X, Liu K, Lu C, Fan Y, Xu Q, Meng X, Hong S, Huang Z, Liu X, Lu L, Wang L. The Transcription Factor ThPOK Regulates ILC3 Lineage Homeostasis and Function During Intestinal Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939033. [PMID: 35844574 PMCID: PMC9285022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been identified as a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes that mirrors the cytokine and transcriptional profile of adaptive T cells. The dynamic balance between key transcription factors determines the heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions of ILC subsets. The transcription factor ThPOK is highly conserved in biological evolution and exerts pivotal functions in the differentiation of T cells. However, the function of ThPOK in ILC3s has not been identified. Here, we found that ThPOK regulated the homeostasis of ILC3s, as mice lacking ThPOK showed decreased NKp46+ ILC3s and increased CCR6- NKp46- ILC3s. ThPOK-deficient mice were more sensitive to S. typhimurium infection due to the impaired IFN-γ secretion of NKp46+ ILC3s. Furthermore, ThPOK participates in ILC3-mediated control of C. rodentium infection by negatively regulating IL-17A secretion. ThPOK preserves the identity of NKp46+ ILC3s by repressing RORγt, which indirectly releases T-bet expression. On the molecular level, ThPOK directly binds to Rorc and Il23r to restrain their expression which further modulates IL-17A secretion. Collectively, our analysis revealed a critical role of ThPOK in the homeostasis and functions of ILC3 subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Gao
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Lu
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xia Liu
- Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lie Wang,
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6
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Li C, Kim HK, Prakhar P, Luo S, Crossman A, Ligons DL, Luckey MA, Awasthi P, Gress RE, Park JH. Chemokine receptor CCR9 suppresses the differentiation of CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial T cells in the gut. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:882-895. [PMID: 35778600 PMCID: PMC9391308 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR9 equips T cells with the ability to respond to CCL25, a chemokine that is highly expressed in the thymus and the small intestine (SI). Notably, CCR9 is mostly expressed on CD8 but not on CD4 lineage T cells, thus imposing distinct tissue tropism on CD4 and CD8 T cells. The molecular basis and the consequences for such a dichotomy, however, have not been fully examined and explained. Here, we demonstrate that the forced expression of CCR9 interferes with the tissue trafficking and differentiation of CD4 T cells in SI intraepithelial tissues. While CCR9 overexpression did not alter CD4 T cell generation in the thymus, the forced expression of CCR9 was detrimental for the proper tissue distribution of CD4 T cells in the periphery, and strikingly also for their terminal differentiation in the gut epithelium. Specifically, the differentiation of SI epithelial CD4 T cells into immunoregulatory CD4+CD8αα+ T cells was impaired by overexpression of CCR9 and conversely increased by the genetic deletion of CCR9. Collectively, our results reveal a previously unappreciated role for CCR9 in the tissue homeostasis and effector function of CD4 T cells in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shunqun Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Assiatu Crossman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Zou W, Izawa T, Rohatgi N, Zou SY, Li Y, Teitelbaum SL. ThPOK
inhibits osteoclast formation via
NFATc1
transcription and function. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10613. [PMID: 35434449 PMCID: PMC9009119 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both LRF (Zbtb7a) and ThPOK (Zbtb7b) belong to the POK (BTB/POZ and Kruppel) family of transcription repressors that participate in development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Although LRF mediates osteoclast differentiation by regulating NFATc1 expression, the principal established function of ThPOK is transcriptional control of T‐cell lineage commitment. Whether ThPOK affects osteoclast formation or function is not known. We find that marrow macrophage ThPOK expression diminishes with exposure to receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL), but ThPOK deficiency does not affect osteoclast differentiation. On the other hand, enhanced ThPOK, in macrophages, substantially impairs osteoclastogenesis. Excess ThPOK binds the NFATc1 promoter and suppresses its transcription, suggesting a mechanism for its osteoclast inhibitory effect. Despite suppression of osteoclastogenesis by excess ThPOK being associated with diminished NFATc1, osteoclast formation is not rescued by NFATc1 overexpression. Thus, ThPOK appears to inhibit NFATc1 transcription and its osteoclastogenic capacity, while its depletion has no effect on the bone‐resorptive cell. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Orthodontics Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Kita‐ku Okayama Japan
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Steven Y. Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Pharmacology Jiangsu University School of Medicine Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
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8
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Cheng ZY, He TT, Gao XM, Zhao Y, Wang J. ZBTB Transcription Factors: Key Regulators of the Development, Differentiation and Effector Function of T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713294. [PMID: 34349770 PMCID: PMC8326903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of T cells represents a long and highly coordinated, yet flexible at some points, pathway, along which the sequential and dynamic expressions of different transcriptional factors play prominent roles at multiple steps. The large ZBTB family comprises a diverse group of transcriptional factors, and many of them have emerged as critical factors that regulate the lineage commitment, differentiation and effector function of hematopoietic-derived cells as well as a variety of other developmental events. Within the T-cell lineage, several ZBTB proteins, including ZBTB1, ZBTB17, ZBTB7B (THPOK) and BCL6 (ZBTB27), mainly regulate the development and/or differentiation of conventional CD4/CD8 αβ+ T cells, whereas ZBTB16 (PLZF) is essential for the development and function of innate-like unconventional γδ+ T & invariant NKT cells. Given the critical role of T cells in host defenses against infections/tumors and in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, we herein summarize the roles of fourteen ZBTB family members in the development, differentiation and effector function of both conventional and unconventional T cells as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Cheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Karimi MM, Guo Y, Cui X, Pallikonda HA, Horková V, Wang YF, Gil SR, Rodriguez-Esteban G, Robles-Rebollo I, Bruno L, Georgieva R, Patel B, Elliott J, Dore MH, Dauphars D, Krangel MS, Lenhard B, Heyn H, Fisher AG, Štěpánek O, Merkenschlager M. The order and logic of CD4 versus CD8 lineage choice and differentiation in mouse thymus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:99. [PMID: 33397934 PMCID: PMC7782583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 and CD8 mark helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages, respectively, and serve as coreceptors for MHC-restricted TCR recognition. How coreceptor expression is matched with TCR specificity is central to understanding CD4/CD8 lineage choice, but visualising coreceptor gene activity in individual selection intermediates has been technically challenging. It therefore remains unclear whether the sequence of coreceptor gene expression in selection intermediates follows a stereotypic pattern, or is responsive to signaling. Here we use single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify mouse thymocyte selection intermediates by coreceptor gene expression. In the unperturbed thymus, Cd4+Cd8a- selection intermediates appear before Cd4-Cd8a+ selection intermediates, but the timing of these subsets is flexible according to the strength of TCR signals. Our data show that selection intermediates discriminate MHC class prior to the loss of coreceptor expression and suggest a model where signal strength informs the timing of coreceptor gene activity and ultimately CD4/CD8 lineage choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Karimi
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ya Guo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokai Cui
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Husayn A Pallikonda
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Veronika Horková
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Ruiz Gil
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rodriguez-Esteban
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Robles-Rebollo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ludovica Bruno
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Radina Georgieva
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bhavik Patel
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Elliott
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marian H Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Dauphars
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Krangel
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boris Lenhard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ondřej Štěpánek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Piepoli S, Alt AO, Atilgan C, Mancini EJ, Erman B. Structural analysis of the PATZ1 BTB domain homodimer. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:581-593. [PMID: 32496219 PMCID: PMC7271949 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320005355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PATZ1 is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor belonging to the ZBTB family that is functionally expressed in T lymphocytes. PATZ1 targets the CD8 gene in lymphocyte development and interacts with the p53 protein to control genes that are important in proliferation and in the DNA-damage response. PATZ1 exerts its activity through an N-terminal BTB domain that mediates dimerization and co-repressor interactions and a C-terminal zinc-finger motif-containing domain that mediates DNA binding. Here, the crystal structures of the murine and zebrafish PATZ1 BTB domains are reported at 2.3 and 1.8 Å resolution, respectively. The structures revealed that the PATZ1 BTB domain forms a stable homodimer with a lateral surface groove, as in other ZBTB structures. Analysis of the lateral groove revealed a large acidic patch in this region, which contrasts with the previously resolved basic co-repressor binding interface of BCL6. A large 30-amino-acid glycine- and alanine-rich central loop, which is unique to mammalian PATZ1 amongst all ZBTB proteins, could not be resolved, probably owing to its flexibility. Molecular-dynamics simulations suggest a contribution of this loop to modulation of the mammalian BTB dimerization interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Piepoli
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aaron Oliver Alt
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Canan Atilgan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erika Jazmin Mancini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Batu Erman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Keller HR, Kim HK, Jo Y, Gress RE, Hong C, Park JH. The Abundance and Availability of Cytokine Receptor IL-2Rβ (CD122) Constrain the Lymphopenia-Induced Homeostatic Proliferation of Naive CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3227-3235. [PMID: 32393513 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation (LIP) is a critical mechanism for restoring T cell immunity upon lymphodepleting insults or infections. LIP is primarily driven by homeostatic cytokines, such as IL-7 and IL-15, but not all T cells respond with the same efficiency to homeostatic proliferative cues. Although CD8 T cells vigorously proliferate under lymphopenic conditions, naive CD4 T cells are substantially impaired in their response to homeostatic cytokines, and they fail to fully expand. In this study, we show that the availability of IL-2Rβ (CD122), which is a receptor subunit shared by IL-2 and IL-15, affects both the cytokine responsiveness and the LIP of naive CD4 T cells in the mouse. The enumeration of surface IL-2Rβ molecules on murine naive CD4 and naive CD8 T cells revealed a 5-fold difference in IL-2Rβ abundance. Notably, it was the limited availability of IL-2Rβ that impaired CD4 T cell responsiveness to IL-15 and suppressed their LIP. As such, forced IL-2Rβ expression on CD4 T cells by transgenesis bestowed IL-15 responsiveness onto naive CD4 T cells, which thus acquired the ability to undergo robust LIP. Collectively, these results identify IL-2Rβ availability as a new regulatory mechanism to control cytokine responsiveness and the homeostatic proliferation of murine CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary R Keller
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA 18840
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental and Transplantation Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental and Transplantation Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Changwan Hong
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; .,Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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12
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Belizário J, Destro Rodrigues MF. Checkpoint inhibitor blockade and epigenetic reprogrammability in CD8 + T-cell activation and exhaustion. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2020; 8:2515135520904238. [PMID: 32206744 PMCID: PMC7074507 DOI: 10.1177/2515135520904238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion is a dysfunctional state that is regulated through the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptor genes including the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4, programmed death 1, and DNA methylation of effector genes interferon-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Different strategies have been used to reverse T-cell exhaustion, which is an adverse event of checkpoint inhibitor blockade. Here, we present the mechanisms by which DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and Simian virus 40 large T antigen through viral mimicry can promote the reversion of exhausted CD8+ T cells. We examine how these pharmacological strategies can work together to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute Biomedical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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13
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Guiding T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells by defined transcription factors. Cell Res 2019; 30:21-33. [PMID: 31729468 PMCID: PMC6951346 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Achievement of immunocompetent and therapeutic T lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a central aim in T cell regenerative medicine. To date, preferentially reconstituting T lymphopoiesis in vivo from PSCs remains a practical challenge. Here we documented that synergistic and transient expression of Runx1 and Hoxa9 restricted in the time window of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic maturation stages in a PSC differentiation scheme (iR9-PSC) in vitro induced preferential generation of engraftable hematopoietic progenitors capable of homing to thymus and developing into mature T cells in primary and secondary immunodeficient recipients. Single-cell transcriptome and functional analyses illustrated the cellular trajectory of T lineage induction from PSCs, unveiling the T-lineage specification determined at as early as hemogenic endothelial cell stage and identifying the bona fide pre-thymic progenitors. The induced T cells distributed normally in central and peripheral lymphoid organs and exhibited abundant TCRαβ repertoire. The regenerative T lymphopoiesis restored immune surveillance in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, gene-edited iR9-PSCs produced tumor-specific T cells in vivo that effectively eradicated tumor cells. This study provides insight into universal generation of functional and therapeutic T cells from the unlimited and editable PSC source.
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14
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Iguchi T, Miyauchi E, Watanabe S, Masai H, Miyatake S. A BTB-ZF protein, ZNF131, is required for early B cell development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:570-575. [PMID: 29750959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of the BTB-ZF transcription factor family play important roles in lymphocyte development. During T cell development, ZNF131, a BTB-ZF protein, is critical for the double-negative (DN) to double-positive (DP) transition and is also involved in cell proliferation. Here, we report that knockout of Znf131 at the pre-pro-B cell stage in mb1-Cre knock-in mouse resulted in defect of pro-B to pre-B cell transition. ZNF131 was shown to be required for efficient pro-B cell proliferation as well as for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement that occurs in the proliferating pro-B cells. We speculate that inefficient gene rearrangement may be due to loss of cell proliferation, since cell cycle progression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, which would occur in a mutually exclusive manner, may be interconnected or coupled to avoid occurrence of genomic instability. ZNF131 suppresses expression of Cdk inhibitor, p21cip1, and that of pro-apoptotic factors, Bax and Puma, targets of p53, to facilitate cell cycle progression and suppress unnecessary apoptosis, respectively, of pro-B cells. There results demonstrate the essential roles of ZNF131 in coordinating the B cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Iguchi
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Emako Miyauchi
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokane-dai 4-6-1, Minatoku-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Miyatake
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Chuo-ku, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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15
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Xing S, Shao P, Li F, Zhao X, Seo W, Wheat JC, Ramasamy S, Wang J, Li X, Peng W, Yu S, Liu C, Taniuchi I, Sweetser DA, Xue HH. Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to instruct CD8 + T cell lineage choice and identity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2211-2226. [PMID: 30045946 PMCID: PMC6080905 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xing et al demonstrate the requirements for Tle transcriptional corepressors in CD8+ T cell development. Tle proteins are differentially partitioned to the Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to promote CD8+ lineage choice and establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively. Tle/Groucho proteins are transcriptional corepressors interacting with Tcf/Lef and Runx transcription factors, but their physiological roles in T cell development remain unknown. Conditional targeting of Tle1, Tle3 and Tle4 revealed gene dose–dependent requirements for Tle proteins in CD8+ lineage cells. Upon ablating all three Tle proteins, generation of CD8+ T cells was greatly diminished, largely owing to redirection of MHC-I–selected thymocytes to CD4+ lineage; the remaining CD8-positive T cells showed aberrant up-regulation of CD4+ lineage-associated genes including Cd4, Thpok, St8sia6, and Foxp3. Mechanistically, Tle3 bound to Runx-occupied Thpok silencer, in post-selection double-positive thymocytes to prevent excessive ThPOK induction and in mature CD8+ T cells to silence Thpok expression. Tle3 also bound to Tcf1-occupied sites in a few CD4+ lineage-associated genes, including Cd4 silencer and St8sia6 introns, to repress their expression in mature CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to instruct CD8+ lineage choice and cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Fengyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wooseok Seo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Selvi Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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16
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Th-POK regulates mammary gland lactation through mTOR-SREBP pathway. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007211. [PMID: 29420538 PMCID: PMC5821406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Th-inducing POK (Th-POK, also known as ZBTB7B or cKrox) transcription factor is a key regulator of lineage commitment of immature T cell precursors. It is yet unclear the physiological functions of Th-POK besides helper T cell differentiation. Here we show that Th-POK is restrictedly expressed in the luminal epithelial cells in the mammary glands that is upregulated at late pregnancy and lactation. Lineage restrictedly expressed Th-POK exerts distinct biological functions in the mammary epithelial cells and T cells in a tissue-specific manner. Th-POK is not required for mammary epithelial cell fate determination. Mammary gland morphogenesis in puberty and alveologenesis in pregnancy are phenotypically normal in the Th-POK-deficient mice. However, Th-POK-deficient mice are defective in triggering the onset of lactation upon parturition with large cellular lipid droplets retained within alveolar epithelial cells. As a result, Th-POK knockout mice are unable to efficiently secret milk lipid and to nurse the offspring. Such defect is mainly attributed to the malfunctioned mammary epithelial cells, but not the tissue microenvironment in the Th-POK deficient mice. Th-POK directly regulates expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and insulin-induced Akt-mTOR-SREBP signaling. Th-POK deficiency compromises IRS-1 expression and Akt-mTOR-SREBP signaling in the lactating mammary glands. Conversely, insulin induces Th-POK expression. Thus, Th-POK functions as an important feed-forward regulator of insulin signaling in mammary gland lactation.
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17
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Srivastava A, Kumar AS, Mishra RK. Vertebrate GAF/ThPOK: emerging functions in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:623-633. [PMID: 28856379 PMCID: PMC11105447 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GAGA factor of Drosophila melanogaster (DmGAF) is a multifaceted transcription factor with diverse roles in chromatin regulation. Recently, ThPOK/c-Krox was identified as its vertebrate homologue (vGAF), which has a basic domain structure similar to DmGAF and is decorated with a number of post-translationally modified residues. In vertebrate genomes, vGAF associates with purine-rich GAGA sequences and performs diverse chromatin-mediated functions, viz., gene activation, repression and enhancer blocking. Expansion of regulatory chromatin proteins with the acquisition of PTMs appears to be the general trend that facilitated the evolution of complexity in vertebrates. Here, we compare the structural and functional features of vGAF with those of DmGAF and also assess the possible functional redundancy among paralogues of vGAF. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms which aid in the diverse and context-dependent functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Srivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Amitha Sampath Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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18
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Kojo S, Tanaka H, Endo TA, Muroi S, Liu Y, Seo W, Tenno M, Kakugawa K, Naoe Y, Nair K, Moro K, Katsuragi Y, Kanai A, Inaba T, Egawa T, Venkatesh B, Minoda A, Kominami R, Taniuchi I. Priming of lineage-specifying genes by Bcl11b is required for lineage choice in post-selection thymocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:702. [PMID: 28951542 PMCID: PMC5615048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lineage committed precursor thymocytes are screened by a fate-determination process mediated via T cell receptor (TCR) signals for differentiation into distinct lineages. However, it remains unclear whether any antecedent event is required to couple TCR signals with the transcriptional program governing lineage decisions. Here we show that Bcl11b, known as a T-lineage commitment factor, is essential for proper expression of ThPOK and Runx3, central regulators for the CD4-helper/CD8-cytotoxic lineage choice. Loss of Bcl11b results in random expression of these factors and, thereby, lineage scrambling that is disconnected from TCR restriction by MHC. Initial Thpok repression by Bcl11b prior to the pre-selection stage is independent of a known silencer for Thpok, and requires the last zinc-finger motif in Bcl11b protein, which by contrast is dispensable for T-lineage commitment. Collectively, our findings shed new light on the function of Bcl11b in priming lineage-specifying genes to integrate TCR signals into subsequent transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. CD4 and CD8 T cells develop in the thymus with their transcription programs controlled by ThPOK and Runx3, respectively. Here the authors show that a pre-commitment event modulated by the transcription factor, Bcl11b, is required for the proper expression of ThPOK and Runx3 and correct CD4/CD8 lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kojo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sawako Muroi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ye Liu
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wooseok Seo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mari Tenno
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Kakugawa
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Krutula Nair
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, Saint Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biopolis, 138673, Singapore
| | - Aki Minoda
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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19
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Kurioka A, Jahun AS, Hannaway RF, Walker LJ, Fergusson JR, Sverremark-Ekström E, Corbett AJ, Ussher JE, Willberg CB, Klenerman P. Shared and Distinct Phenotypes and Functions of Human CD161++ Vα7.2+ T Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1031. [PMID: 28912775 PMCID: PMC5582200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an important T cell subset that are enriched in tissues and possess potent effector functions. Typically such cells are marked by their expression of Vα7.2-Jα33/Jα20/Jα12 T cell receptors, and functionally they are major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted, responding to bacterially derived riboflavin synthesis intermediates. MAIT cells are contained within the CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cell population, the majority of which express the CD8 receptor (CD8+), while a smaller fraction expresses neither CD8 or CD4 coreceptor (double negative; DN) and a further minority are CD4+. Whether these cells have distinct homing patterns, phenotype and functions have not been examined in detail. We used a combination of phenotypic staining and functional assays to address the similarities and differences between these CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cell subsets. We find that most features are shared between CD8+ and DN CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cells, with a small but detectable role evident for CD8 binding in tuning functional responsiveness. By contrast, the CD4+ CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cell population, although showing MR1-dependent responsiveness to bacterial stimuli, display reduced T helper 1 effector functions, including cytolytic machinery, while retaining the capacity to secrete interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. This was consistent with underlying changes in transcription factor (TF) expression. Although we found that only a proportion of CD4+ CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cells stained for the MR1-tetramer, explaining some of the heterogeneity of CD4+ CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cells, these differences in TF expression were shared with CD4+ CD161++ MR1-tetramer+ cells. These data reveal the functional diversity of human CD161++ Vα7.2+ T cells and indicate potentially distinct roles for the different subsets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aminu S Jahun
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel F Hannaway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lucy J Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joannah R Fergusson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christian B Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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The transcription factor Runx3 guards cytotoxic CD8 + effector T cells against deviation towards follicular helper T cell lineage. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:931-939. [PMID: 28604718 PMCID: PMC5564218 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activated CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic effector (TEFF) cells that eliminate target cells. How TEFF cell identity is established and maintained is not fully understood. We found that Runx3 deficiency limited clonal expansion and impaired upregulation of cytotoxic molecules in TEFF cells. Runx3-deficient CD8+ TEFF cells aberrantly upregulated genes characteristic of follicular helper T (TFH) cell lineage, including Bcl6, Tcf7 and Cxcr5. Mechanistically, the Runx3-CBFβ transcription factor complex deployed H3K27me3 to Bcl6 and Tcf7 genes to suppress the TFH program. Ablating Tcf7 in Runx3-deficient CD8+ TEFF cells prevented the upregulation of TFH genes and ameliorated their defective induction of cytotoxic genes. As such, Runx3-mediated Tcf7 repression coordinately enforced acquisition of cytotoxic functions and protected the cytotoxic lineage integrity by preventing TFH-lineage deviation.
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Park Y, Moon SJ, Lee SW. Lineage re-commitment of CD4CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes in the gut. BMB Rep 2016; 49:11-7. [PMID: 26592937 PMCID: PMC4914207 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.1.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract forms the largest surface in our body with constantly
being exposed to various antigens, which provides unique microenvironment for
the immune system in the intestine. Accordingly, the gut epithelium harbors the
most T lymphocytes in the body as intraepithelial
lymphocytes (IELs), which are phenotypically and
functionally heterogeneous populations, distinct from the conventional mature T
cells in the periphery. IELs arise either from pre-committed thymic precursors
(natural IELs) or from conventional CD4 or CD8αβ T cells in response
to peripheral antigens (induced IELs), both of which commonly express CD8α
homodimers (CD8αα). Although lineage commitment to either conventional
CD4 T helper (Th) or cytotoxic CD8αβ T cells as well as their
respective co-receptor expression are mutually exclusive and irreversible
process, CD4 T cells can be redirected to the CD8 IELs with high cytolytic
activity upon migration to the gut epithelium. Recent reports show that master
transcription factors for CD4 and CD8 T cells, ThPOK (Th-inducing
BTB/POZ-Kruppel-like factor) and Runx3 (Runt related transcription factor 3),
respectively, are the key regulators for re-programming of CD4 T cells to CD8
lineage in the intestinal epithelium. This review will focus on the unique
differentiation process of IELs, particularly lineage re-commitment of CD4 IELs.
[BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 11-17]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sook-Jin Moon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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22
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Thymic and Postthymic Regulation of Naïve CD4(+) T-Cell Lineage Fates in Humans and Mice Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9523628. [PMID: 27313405 PMCID: PMC4904118 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9523628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how thymocytes differentiate into many subtypes has been increased progressively in its complexity. At early life, the thymus provides a suitable microenvironment with specific combination of stromal cells, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines to induce the bone marrow lymphoid progenitor T-cell precursors into single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T effectors and CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs). At postthymic compartments, the CD4+ T-cells acquire distinct phenotypes which include the classical T-helper 1 (Th1), T-helper 2 (Th2), T-helper 9 (Th9), T-helper 17 (Th17), follicular helper T-cell (Tfh), and induced T-regulatory cells (iTregs), such as the regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1) and transforming growth factor-β- (TGF-β-) producing CD4+ T-cells (Th3). Tregs represent only a small fraction, 5–10% in mice and 1-2% in humans, of the overall CD4+ T-cells in lymphoid tissues but are essential for immunoregulatory circuits mediating the inhibition and expansion of all lineages of T-cells. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the major cell-intrinsic developmental programs that regulate T-cell lineage fates in thymus and periphery. Next, we introduce the SV40 immortomouse as a relevant mice model for implementation of new approaches to investigate thymus organogenesis, CD4 and CD8 development, and thymus cells tumorogenesis.
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23
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Pioli PD, Whiteside SK, Weis JJ, Weis JH. Snai2 and Snai3 transcriptionally regulate cellular fitness and functionality of T cell lineages through distinct gene programs. Immunobiology 2016; 221:618-33. [PMID: 26831822 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are essential contributors to the adaptive immune system and consist of multiple lineages that serve various effector and regulatory roles. As such, precise control of gene expression is essential to the proper development and function of these cells. Previously, we identified Snai2 and Snai3 as being essential regulators of immune tolerance partly due to the impaired function of CD4(+) regulatory T cells in Snai2/3 conditional double knockout mice. Here we extend those previous findings using a bone marrow transplantation model to provide an environmentally unbiased view of the molecular changes imparted onto various T lymphocyte populations once Snai2 and Snai3 are deleted. The data presented here demonstrate that Snai2 and Snai3 transcriptionally regulate the cellular fitness and functionality of not only CD4(+) regulatory T cells but effector CD8(α+) and CD4(+) conventional T cells as well. This is achieved through the modulation of gene sets unique to each cell type and includes transcriptional targets relevant to the survival and function of each T cell lineage. As such, Snai2 and Snai3 are essential regulators of T cell immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Pioli
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
| | - Sarah K Whiteside
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Janis J Weis
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - John H Weis
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
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24
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Rothenberg EV, Ungerbäck J, Champhekar A. Forging T-Lymphocyte Identity: Intersecting Networks of Transcriptional Control. Adv Immunol 2015; 129:109-74. [PMID: 26791859 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-lymphocyte development branches off from other lymphoid developmental programs through its requirement for sustained environmental signals through the Notch pathway. In the thymus, Notch signaling induces a succession of T-lineage regulatory factors that collectively create the T-cell identity through distinct steps. This process involves both the staged activation of T-cell identity genes and the staged repression of progenitor-cell-inherited regulatory genes once their roles in self-renewal and population expansion are no longer needed. With the recent characterization of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that share transcriptional regulation programs extensively with T-cell subsets, T-cell identity can increasingly be seen as defined in modular terms, as the processes selecting and actuating effector function are potentially detachable from the processes generating and selecting clonally unique T-cell receptor structures. The developmental pathways of different classes of T cells and ILCs are distinguished by the numbers of prerequisites of gene rearrangement, selection, and antigen contact before the cells gain access to nearly common regulatory mechanisms for choosing effector function. Here, the major classes of transcription factors that interact with Notch signals during T-lineage specification are discussed in terms of their roles in these programs, the evidence for their spectra of target genes at different stages, and their cross-regulatory and cooperative actions with each other. Specific topics include Notch modulation of PU.1 and GATA-3, PU.1-Notch competition, the relationship between PU.1 and GATA-3, and the roles of E proteins, Bcl11b, and GATA-3 in guiding acquisition of T-cell identity while avoiding redirection to an ILC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
| | - Jonas Ungerbäck
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Hematopoiesis Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ameya Champhekar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Ellmeier W. Molecular control of CD4+ T cell lineage plasticity and integrity. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:813-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Tajima A, Liu W, Pradhan I, Bertera S, Bagia C, Trucco M, Meng WS, Fan Y. Bioengineering mini functional thymic units with EAK16-II/EAKIIH6 self-assembling hydrogel. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The thymus is an essential organ for the generation of the adaptive immune system. By now, the cellular selection events taking place in ongoing life before sexual maturity have been worked out even at the molecular level, and thus thymic lymphocyte development represents one of the best-studied systems in mammalian development. Because thymic lymphocyte development involves ample proliferation and generation of new cells, it is not astonishing that the thymus also represents an organ where malignancy can develop. In this Masters of Immunology primer, the development of lymphocytes and the role of intracellular Notch 1 and cyclins in lymphocytic malignancy are reviewed, offering new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald von Boehmer
- Author's Affiliations: Harvard Medical School; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Iguchi T, Aoki K, Ikawa T, Taoka M, Taya C, Yoshitani H, Toma-Hirano M, Koiwai O, Isobe T, Kawamoto H, Masai H, Miyatake S. BTB-ZF Protein Znf131 Regulates Cell Growth of Developing and Mature T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:982-93. [PMID: 26136427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many members of the BTB-ZF family have been shown to play important roles in lymphocyte development and function. The role of zinc finger Znf131 (also known as Zbtb35) in T cell lineage was elucidated through the production of mice with floxed allele to disrupt at different stages of development. In this article, we present that Znf131 is critical for T cell development during double-negative to double-positive stage, with which significant cell expansion triggered by the pre-TCR signal is coupled. In mature T cells, Znf131 is required for the activation of effector genes, as well as robust proliferation induced upon TCR signal. One of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(Cip1) encoded by cdkn1a gene, is one of the targets of Znf131. The regulation of T cell proliferation by Znf131 is in part attributed to its suppression on the expression of p21(Cip1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Self Defense Gene Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Aoki
- Laboratory of Self Defense Gene Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Young Chief Investigators Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Choji Taya
- Animal Research Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshitani
- Laboratory of Self Defense Gene Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Makiko Toma-Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Koiwai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Immunology, Field of Regeneration Control, Institute of Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and
| | - Hisao Masai
- Genome Dynamics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Miyatake
- Laboratory of Self Defense Gene Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
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29
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The importance of co‐stimulation in the orchestration of T helper cell differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:780-8. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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A Zap70-dependent feedback circuit is essential for efficient selection of CD4 lineage thymocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:406-16. [PMID: 25601273 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During positive selection of CD4(+), CD8(+) double positive (DP) thymocytes, expression of the tyrosine kinase Zap70 is subject to developmental regulation. Signalling downstream of T-cell receptor (TCR) induces Zap70 expression, forming a positive feedback circuit. Although previous studies show this circuit is required for generation of CD8 lineage cells, it is not known whether selection of CD4 T cells also depends on intact developmental regulation of Zap70. To address this, we analysed development of Class II-restricted thymocytes in mice lacking the Zap70 transcriptional circuitry. Rescue of Zap70 expression in Zap70(-/-) mice using a tetracycline-inducible Zap70 transgene, that is not subject to positive feedback by TCR signalling, restored positive selection of Class-II-restricted thymocytes. However, in conditions of static Zap70 expression, approximately half of selecting thymocytes failed to commit normally to the CD4 lineage. Instead, cells that failed to develop into CD4 T cells resembled CD8 lineage precursor DP thymocytes but failed to survive in vivo. Therefore, the Zap70 feedback circuit is essential to efficiently mediate the CD4 lineage differentiation programme in response to Class II selecting ligands.
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31
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Overgaard NH, Jung JW, Steptoe RJ, Wells JW. CD4+/CD8+ double-positive T cells: more than just a developmental stage? J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:31-8. [PMID: 25360000 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ru0814-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)/CD8(+) DP thymocytes are a well-described T cell developmental stage within the thymus. However, once differentiated, the CD4(+) lineage or the CD8(+) lineage is generally considered to be fixed. Nevertheless, mature CD4(+)/CD8(+) DP T cells have been described in the blood and peripheral lymphoid tissues of numerous species, as well as in numerous disease settings, including cancer. The expression of CD4 and CD8 is regulated by a very strict transcriptional program involving the transcription factors Runx3 and ThPOK. Initially thought to be mutually exclusive within CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell populations, outside of the thymus, have recently been described to express concurrently ThPOK and Runx3. Considerable heterogeneity exists within the CD4(+)/CD8(+) DP T cell pool, and the function of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell populations remains controversial, with conflicting reports describing cytotoxic or suppressive roles for these cells. In this review, we describe how transcriptional regulation, lineage of origin, heterogeneity of CD4 and CD8 expression, age, species, and specific disease settings influence the functionality of this rarely studied T cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana H Overgaard
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - James W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Von Boehmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
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33
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The transcription factor ThPOK suppresses Runx3 and imposes CD4(+) lineage fate by inducing the SOCS suppressors of cytokine signaling. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:638-45. [PMID: 24880459 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lineage fate in the thymus is determined by mutually exclusive expression of the transcription factors ThPOK and Runx3, with ThPOK imposing the CD4(+) lineage fate and Runx3 promoting the CD8(+) lineage fate. While it is known that cytokine signals induce thymocytes to express Runx3, it is not known how ThPOK prevents thymocytes from expressing Runx3 and adopting the CD8(+) lineage fate, nor is it understood why ThPOK itself imposes the CD4(+) lineage fate on thymocytes. We now report that genes encoding members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) family are critical targets of ThPOK and that their induction by ThPOK represses Runx3 expression and promotes the CD4(+) lineage fate. Thus, induction of SOCS-encoding genes is the main mechanism by which ThPOK imposes the CD4(+) lineage fate in the thymus.
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34
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Wan YY. GATA3: a master of many trades in immune regulation. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:233-42. [PMID: 24786134 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 has conventionally been regarded as a transcription factor that drives the differentiation of T helper (Th) 2 cells. Increasing evidence points to a function for GATA3 beyond controlling Th2 differentiation. GATA3 regulates T cell development, proliferation, and maintenance. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated important roles for GATA3 in innate lymphoid cells. Thus, GATA3 emerges as a factor with diverse functions in immune regulation, which are in some cases cell-type specific and in others shared by multiple cell types. Here, I discuss recent discoveries and the current understanding of the functions of GATA3 in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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35
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Sinclair C, Seddon B. Overlapping and asymmetric functions of TCR signaling during thymic selection of CD4 and CD8 lineages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5151-9. [PMID: 24771853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TCR signaling plays a central role in directing developmental fates of thymocytes. Current models suggest TCR signal duration directs CD4 versus CD8 lineage development. To investigate the role of TCR signaling during positive selection directly, we switched signaling off in a cohort of selecting thymocytes and followed, in time, their subsequent fate. We did this using an inducible Zap70 transgenic mouse model that allowed Zap70-dependent signaling to be turned on and then off again. Surprisingly, loss of TCR signaling in CD4(+)CD8(lo) thymocytes did not prevent their development into committed CD4 single positives (SPs), nor their continued maturation to HSA(lo) SPs. However, numbers of CD4 SPs underwent a substantial decline following loss of Zap70 expression, suggesting an essential survival role for the kinase. Termination of TCR signaling is considered an essential step in CD8 lineage development. Loss of Zap70 expression, however, resulted in the rapid death of CD8 lineage precursor thymocytes and a failure to generate CD8 SPs. Significantly, extending the window of Zap70 expression was sufficient for generation and export of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These data reveal a parallel requirement for TCR-mediated survival signaling, but an asymmetric requirement for TCR-mediated maturation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sinclair
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict Seddon
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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36
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Abstract
T and B cells share a common somatic gene rearrangement mechanism for assembling the genes that code for their antigen receptors; they also have developmental pathways with many parallels. Shared usage of basic helix-loop-helix E proteins as transcriptional drivers underlies these common features. However, the transcription factor networks in which these E proteins are embedded are different both in membership and in architecture for T and B cell gene regulatory programs. These differences permit lineage commitment decisions to be made in different hierarchical orders. Furthermore, in contrast to B cell gene networks, the T cell gene network architecture for effector differentiation is sufficiently modular so that E protein inputs can be removed. Complete T cell-like effector differentiation can proceed without T cell receptor rearrangement or selection when E proteins are neutralized, yielding natural killer and other innate lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;
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37
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Chen CZ, Schaffert S, Fragoso R, Loh C. Regulation of immune responses and tolerance: the microRNA perspective. Immunol Rev 2013; 253:112-28. [PMID: 23550642 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Much has been learned about the molecular and cellular components critical for the control of immune responses and tolerance. It remains a challenge, however, to control the immune response and tolerance at the system level without causing significant toxicity to normal tissues. Recent studies suggest that microRNA (miRNA) genes, an abundant class of non-coding RNA genes that produce characteristic approximately 22 nucleotides small RNAs, play important roles in immune cells. In this article, we discuss emerging knowledge regarding the functions of miRNA genes in the immune system. We delve into the roles of miRNAs in regulating signaling strength and threshold, homeostasis, and the dynamics of the immune response and tolerance during normal and pathogenic immunological conditions. We also present observations based on analyzes of miR-181 family genes that indicate the potential functions of primary and/or precursor miRNAs in target recognition and explore the impact of these findings on target identification. Finally, we illustrate that despite the subtle effects of miRNAs on gene expression, miRNAs have the potential to influence the outcomes of normal and pathogenic immune responses by controlling the quantitative and dynamic aspects of immune responses. Tuning miRNA functions in immune cells, through gain- and loss-of-function approaches in mice, may reveal novel approach to restore immune equilibrium from pathogenic conditions, such as autoimmune disease and leukemia, without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Transcriptional control of CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression during T cell development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4537-53. [PMID: 23793512 PMCID: PMC3827898 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation and function of peripheral helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages is coupled with the expression of CD4 and CD8 coreceptor molecules, respectively. This indicates that the control of coreceptor gene expression is closely linked with the regulation of CD4/CD8 lineage decision of DP thymocytes. Research performed during the last two decades revealed comprehensive mechanistic insight into the developmental stage- and subset/lineage-specific regulation of Cd4, Cd8a and Cd8b1 (Cd8) gene expression. These studies provided important insight into transcriptional control mechanisms during T cell development and into the regulation of cis-regulatory networks in general. Moreover, the identification of transcription factors involved in the regulation of CD4 and CD8 significantly advanced the knowledge of the transcription factor network regulating CD4/CD8 cell-fate choice of DP thymocytes. In this review, we provide an overview of the identification and characterization of CD4/CD8 cis-regulatory elements and present recent progress in our understanding of how these cis-regulatory elements control CD4/CD8 expression during T cell development and in peripheral T cells. In addition, we describe the transcription factors implicated in the regulation of coreceptor gene expression and discuss how these factors are integrated into the transcription factor network that regulates CD4/CD8 cell-fate choice of DP thymocytes.
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Tanaka H, Naito T, Muroi S, Seo W, Chihara R, Miyamoto C, Kominami R, Taniuchi I. Epigenetic Thpok silencing limits the time window to choose CD4(+) helper-lineage fate in the thymus. EMBO J 2013; 32:1183-94. [PMID: 23481257 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells differentiate from common precursors in the thymus after T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated selection. Commitment to the helper lineage depends on persistent TCR signals and expression of the ThPOK transcription factor, whereas a ThPOK cis-regulatory element, ThPOK silencer, represses Thpok gene expression during commitment to the cytotoxic lineage. Here, we show that silencer-mediated alterations of chromatin structures in cytotoxic-lineage thymocytes establish a repressive state that is epigenetically inherited in peripheral CD8(+) T cells even after removal of the silencer. When silencer activity is enhanced in helper-lineage cells, by increasing its copy number, a similar heritable Thpok silencing occurs. Epigenetic locking of the Thpok locus may therefore be an independent event from commitment to the cytotoxic lineage. These findings imply that long-lasting TCR signals are needed to establish stable Thpok expression activity to commit to helper T-cell fate and that full commitment to the helper lineage requires persistent reversal of silencer activity during a particular time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tanaka
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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41
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Mucida D, Husain MM, Muroi S, van Wijk F, Shinnakasu R, Naoe Y, Reis BS, Huang Y, Lambolez F, Docherty M, Attinger A, Shui JW, Kim G, Lena CJ, Sakaguchi S, Miyamoto C, Wang P, Atarashi K, Park Y, Nakayama T, Honda K, Ellmeier W, Kronenberg M, Taniuchi I, Cheroutre H. Transcriptional reprogramming of mature CD4⁺ helper T cells generates distinct MHC class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:281-9. [PMID: 23334788 PMCID: PMC3581083 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TCRαβ thymocytes differentiate into either CD8αβ(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes or CD4(+) helper T cells. This functional dichotomy is controlled by key transcription factors, including the helper T cell master regulator ThPOK, which suppresses the cytolytic program in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted CD4(+) thymocytes. ThPOK continues to repress genes of the CD8 lineage in mature CD4(+) T cells, even as they differentiate into effector helper T cell subsets. Here we found that the helper T cell fate was not fixed and that mature, antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells terminated expression of the gene encoding ThPOK and reactivated genes of the CD8 lineage. This unexpected plasticity resulted in the post-thymic termination of the helper T cell program and the functional differentiation of distinct MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mucida
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mohammad Mushtaq Husain
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sawako Muroi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryo Shinnakasu
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yujun Huang
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florence Lambolez
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Docherty
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine Attinger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gisen Kim
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lena
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna Lazarettgasse 19A -1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chizuko Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Yunji Park
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna Lazarettgasse 19A -1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Reis BS, Rogoz A, Costa-Pinto FA, Taniuchi I, Mucida D. Mutual expression of the transcription factors Runx3 and ThPOK regulates intestinal CD4⁺ T cell immunity. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:271-80. [PMID: 23334789 PMCID: PMC3804366 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut mucosa hosts large numbers of activated lymphocytes that are exposed to stimuli from the diet, microbiota and pathogens. Although CD4(+) T cells are crucial for defense, intestinal homeostasis precludes exaggerated responses to luminal contents, whether they are harmful or not. We investigated mechanisms used by CD4(+) T cells to avoid excessive activation in the intestine. Using genetic tools to label and interfere with T cell-development transcription factors, we found that CD4(+) T cells acquired the CD8-lineage transcription factor Runx3 and lost the CD4-lineage transcription factor ThPOK and their differentiation into the T(H)17 subset of helper T cells and colitogenic potential, in a manner dependent on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate considerable plasticity in the CD4(+) T cell lineage that allows chronic exposure to luminal antigens without pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sgarbi Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Callen E, Faryabi RB, Luckey M, Hao B, Daniel JA, Yang W, Sun HW, Dressler G, Peng W, Chi H, Ge K, Krangel MS, Park JH, Nussenzweig A. The DNA damage- and transcription-associated protein paxip1 controls thymocyte development and emigration. Immunity 2012; 37:971-85. [PMID: 23159437 PMCID: PMC3525809 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is associated with promoters of active genes and found at hot spots for DNA recombination. Here we have shown that PAXIP1 (also known as PTIP), a protein associated with MLL3 and MLL4 methyltransferase and the DNA damage response, regulates RAG-mediated cleavage and repair during V(D)J recombination in CD4(+) CD8(+) DP thymocytes. Loss of PAXIP1 in developing thymocytes diminished Jα H3K4me3 and germline transcription, suppressed double strand break formation at 3' Jα segments, but resulted in accumulation of unresolved T cell receptor α-chain gene (Tcra) breaks. Moreover, PAXIP1 was essential for release of mature single positive (SP) αβ T cells from the thymus through transcriptional activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1pr1 as well as for natural killer T cell development. Thus, in addition to maintaining genome integrity during Tcra rearrangements, PAXIP1 controls distinct transcriptional programs during DP differentiation necessary for Tcra locus accessibility, licensing mature thymocytes for trafficking and natural killer T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Robert B. Faryabi
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Megan Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Department of Immunology, Campus Box 3010, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jeremy A. Daniel
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Greg Dressler
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 262 Danny Thomas Place, Room E-7013, Memphis, TN 38105-2794
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105
| | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Michael S. Krangel
- Department of Immunology, Campus Box 3010, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892
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44
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DNA sequence-dependent compartmentalization and silencing of chromatin at the nuclear lamina. Cell 2012; 149:1474-87. [PMID: 22726435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of the mammalian genome is organized into inactive chromosomal domains along the nuclear lamina. The mechanism by which these lamina associated domains (LADs) are established remains to be elucidated. Using genomic repositioning assays, we show that LADs, spanning the developmentally regulated IgH and Cyp3a loci contain discrete DNA regions that associate chromatin with the nuclear lamina and repress gene activity in fibroblasts. Lamina interaction is established during mitosis and likely involves the localized recruitment of Lamin B during late anaphase. Fine-scale mapping of LADs reveals numerous lamina-associating sequences (LASs), which are enriched for a GAGA motif. This repeated motif directs lamina association and is bound by the transcriptional repressor cKrox, in a complex with HDAC3 and Lap2β. Knockdown of cKrox or HDAC3 results in dissociation of LASs/LADs from the nuclear lamina. These results reveal a mechanism that couples nuclear compartmentalization of chromatin domains with the control of gene activity.
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45
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Xiong Y, Bosselut R. CD4-CD8 differentiation in the thymus: connecting circuits and building memories. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:139-45. [PMID: 22387323 PMCID: PMC3773541 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The proper choice of the CD4-helper or CD8-cytotoxic lineages by developing T cells is crucial for the generation of an antigen-responsive and functionally fit T cell repertoire. Here we present a brief overview of the transcriptional control of this process, with emphasis on two issues. The study of Cd4 expression, that had previously generated important paradigms for transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells, now brings new twists to the concept of 'epigenetic memory'. And connections are emerging between transcriptional regulators critical for commitment to either lineage. The present review attempts to integrate these findings and discusses the still elusive mechanisms that match CD4-CD8 lineage differentiation to MHC specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Xiong
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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46
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Jones-Mason ME, Zhao X, Kappes D, Lasorella A, Iavarone A, Zhuang Y. E protein transcription factors are required for the development of CD4(+) lineage T cells. Immunity 2012; 36:348-61. [PMID: 22425249 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The double-positive (DP) to single-positive (SP) transition during T cell development is initiated by downregulation of the E protein transcription factors HEB and E2A. Here, we have demonstrated that in addition to regulating the onset of this transition, HEB and E2A also play a separate role in CD4(+) lineage choice. Deletion of HEB and E2A in DP thymocytes specifically blocked the development of CD4(+) lineage T cells. Furthermore, deletion of the E protein inhibitors Id2 and Id3 allowed CD4(+) T cell development but blocked CD8(+) lineage development. Analysis of the CD4(+) lineage transcriptional regulators ThPOK and Gata3 placed HEB and E2A upstream of CD4(+) lineage specification. These studies identify an important role for E proteins in the activation of CD4(+) lineage differentiation as thymocytes undergo the DP to SP transition.
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47
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Eidson M, Wahlstrom J, Beaulieu AM, Zaidi B, Carsons SE, Crow PK, Yuan J, Wolchok JD, Horsthemke B, Wieczorek D, Sant'Angelo DB. Altered development of NKT cells, γδ T cells, CD8 T cells and NK cells in a PLZF deficient patient. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24441. [PMID: 21915328 PMCID: PMC3167854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, the transcription factor, PLZF, controls the development of effector functions in invariant NKT cells and a subset of NKT cell-like, γδ T cells. Here, we show that in human lymphocytes, in addition to invariant NKT cells, PLZF was also expressed in a large percentage of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, PLZF was also found to be expressed in all γδ T cells and in all NK cells. Importantly, we show that in a donor lacking functional PLZF, all of these various lymphocyte populations were altered. Therefore, in contrast to mice, PLZF appears to control the development and/or function of a wide variety of human lymphocytes that represent more than 10% of the total PBMCs. Interestingly, the PLZF-expressing CD8+ T cell population was found to be expanded in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic melanoma but was greatly diminished in patients with autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Eidson
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin Wahlstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aimee M. Beaulieu
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bushra Zaidi
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Carsons
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - Peggy K. Crow
- Rheumatology Division, Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut fuer Humangenetik, Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Derek B. Sant'Angelo
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Duc HT. Complex interplays in immune T-cell differentiation and developmental fate determination. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:1007-12. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspects relevant to immune T-cell differentiation and fate determination have been examined and discussed in the context of transcription factors, initiating cytokines in association with cognate antigen activation. It appears that the differentiation optional program, in light of recent results related to genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms, is not predetermined and irreversibly fixed; rather, there is some degree of flexibility allowing the manipulation of remodeling the already differentiated effector cell subsets/lineages. From the progress obtained it will be possible, in the near future, to tailor and obtain various well-defined and efficient immune effector cell subsets/cell lineages for translational applications in autoimmunity, infectious diseases, graft rejection as well as cancer in safe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Thien Duc
- Université Paris XI, INSERM U-1014, Regulation de la Survie Cellulaire et des Allogreffes, Groupe Hospitalier Paul-Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Lee KM, Choi WI, Koh DI, Kim YJ, Jeon BN, Yoon JH, Lee CE, Kim SH, Oh J, Hur MW. The proto-oncoprotein KR-POK represses transcriptional activation of CDKN1A by MIZ-1 through competitive binding. Oncogene 2011; 31:1442-58. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Xiong Y, Bosselut R. The enigma of CD4-lineage specification. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:568-74. [PMID: 21341258 PMCID: PMC3388806 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are essential for defenses against pathogens and affect the functions of most cells involved in the immune response. Although CD4(+) T cells generally recognize peptide antigens bound to MHC-II molecules, important subsets are restricted by other MHC or MHC-like molecules, including CD1d-restricted "invariant" iNK T cells. This review discusses recently identified nodes in the transcriptional circuits that are involved in controlling CD4(+) T-cell differentiation, notably the commitment factor Thpok and its interplay with Runx transcriptional regulators, and focuses on how transcription factors acting upstream of Thpok, including Gata3, Tox and E-box proteins, promote the emergence of CD4-lineage-specific gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Xiong
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4259, USA
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