1
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van Oostveen WM, Huizinga TWJ, Fehres CM. Pathogenic role of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis: Insights from other rheumatic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39248128 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy, fibrosis, and dysregulated immunity, with hallmark autoantibodies targeting nuclear antigens such as centromere protein (ACA) and topoisomerase I (ATA). These autoantibodies are highly prevalent and disease-specific, rarely coexisting, thus serving as crucial biomarkers for SSc diagnosis. Despite their diagnostic value, their roles in SSc pathogenesis remain unclear. This review summarizes current literature on ACA and ATA in SSc, comparing them to autoantibodies in other rheumatic diseases to elucidate their potential pathogenic roles. Similarities are drawn with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis, particularly regarding disease specificity and minimal pathogenic impact of antigen binding. In addition, differences between ANA and ACPA in therapeutic responses and Fab glycosylation patterns are reviewed. While ACA and ATA are valuable for disease stratification and monitoring activity, understanding their origins and the associated B cell responses is critical for advancing therapeutic strategies for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieke M van Oostveen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia M Fehres
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Bourel L, Bray F, Vivier S, Flament S, Guilbert L, Chepy A, Rolando C, Launay D, Dubucquoi S, Sobanski V. Comparative Analysis of Laboratory-Scale Immunoglobulin G Purification Methods from Human Serum. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3933-3943. [PMID: 39140748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification is a critical process for evaluating its role in autoimmune diseases, which are defined by the occurrence of autoantibodies. Affinity chromatography with protein G is widely considered to be the optimal technique for laboratory-scale purification. However, this technique has some limitations, including the exposure of IgG to low pH, which can compromise the quality of the purified IgG. Here, we show that alternative methods for IgG purification are possible while maintaining the quality of IgG. Different techniques for IgG purification from serum were evaluated and compared with protein G-based approaches: Melon Gel, caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate (CAAS) precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography with diethylamino ethyl (DEAE) following ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation, and AS precipitation alone. The results demonstrated that the purification yield of these techniques surpassed that of protein G. However, differences in the purity of IgG were observed using GeLC-MS/MS. The avidity of purified IgG against selected targets (SARS-CoV-2 and topoisomerase-I) was similar between purified IgG obtained using all techniques and unpurified sera. Our work provides valuable insights for future studies of IgG function by recommending alternative purification methods that offer advantages in terms of yield, time efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and milder pH conditions than protein G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bourel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Solange Vivier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Flament
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucile Guilbert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Chepy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne Et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Auto-inflammatoires Systémiques rares de l'Adulte du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Shrieking Sixties, 1-3 Allée Lavoisier, F-59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne Et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Auto-inflammatoires Systémiques rares de l'Adulte du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE─Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne Et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Auto-inflammatoires Systémiques rares de l'Adulte du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), 59000 Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya M, Saxena S, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Autoantibodies in COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Perspectives. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2583. [PMID: 39289528 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Autoantibodies are immune system-produced antibodies that wrongly target the body's cells and tissues for attack. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to link autoantibodies to both the severity of pathogenic infection and the emergence of several autoimmune diseases after recovery from the infection. An overview of autoimmune disorders and the function of autoantibodies in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases are discussed in this review article. We also investigated the different categories of autoantibodies found in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases including the potential pathways by which they contribute to the severity of the illness. Additionally, it also highlights the probable connection between vaccine-induced autoantibodies and their adverse outcomes. The review also discusses the therapeutic perspectives of autoantibodies. This paper advances our knowledge about the intricate interaction between autoantibodies and COVID-19 by thoroughly assessing the most recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Chatterjee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Sanskriti Saxena
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
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4
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Schulte D, Snijder J. A Handle on Mass Coincidence Errors in De Novo Sequencing of Antibodies by Bottom-up Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3552-3559. [PMID: 38932690 PMCID: PMC11301774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibody sequences can be determined at 99% accuracy directly from the polypeptide product by using bottom-up proteomics techniques. Sequencing accuracy at the peptide level is limited by the isobaric residues leucine and isoleucine, incomplete fragmentation spectra in which the order of two or more residues remains ambiguous due to lacking fragment ions for the intermediate positions, and isobaric combinations of amino acids, of potentially different lengths, for example, GG = N and GA = Q. Here, we present several updates to Stitch (v1.5), which performs template-based assembly of de novo peptides to reconstruct antibody sequences. This version introduces a mass-based alignment algorithm that explicitly accounts for mass coincidence errors. In addition, it incorporates a postprocessing procedure to assign I/L residues based on secondary fragments (satellite ions, i.e., w-ions). Moreover, evidence for sequence assignments can now be directly evaluated with the addition of an integrated spectrum viewer. Lastly, input data from a wider selection of de novo peptide sequencing algorithms are allowed, now including Casanovo, PEAKS, Novor.Cloud, pNovo, and MaxNovo, in addition to flat text and FASTA. Combined, these changes make Stitch compatible with a larger range of data processing pipelines and improve its tolerance to peptide-level sequencing errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry
and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht
University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584
CH, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry
and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht
University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584
CH, The Netherlands
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5
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Ryding M, Mikkelsen AW, Nissen MS, Nilsson AC, Blaabjerg M. Pathophysiological Effects of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitides. Cells 2023; 13:15. [PMID: 38201219 PMCID: PMC10778077 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of autoantibody targets in autoimmune encephalitides presents a challenge for understanding cellular and humoral pathophysiology, and the development of new treatment strategies. Thus, current treatment aims at autoantibody removal and immunosuppression, and is primarily based on data generated from other autoimmune neurological diseases and expert consensus. There are many subtypes of autoimmune encephalitides, which now entails both diseases with autoantibodies targeting extracellular antigens and classical paraneoplastic syndromes with autoantibodies targeting intracellular antigens. Here, we review the current knowledge of molecular and cellular effects of autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis, and evaluate the evidence behind the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of autoantibodies in autoimmune encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Ryding
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne With Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | | | - Anna Christine Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Morten Blaabjerg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), 5000 Odense, Denmark
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6
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Hulbert SW, Desai P, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP, Williams AJ. Glycovaccinology: The design and engineering of carbohydrate-based vaccine components. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108234. [PMID: 37558188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines remain one of the most important pillars in preventative medicine, providing protection against a wide array of diseases by inducing humoral and/or cellular immunity. Of the many possible candidate antigens for subunit vaccine development, carbohydrates are particularly appealing because of their ubiquitous presence on the surface of all living cells, viruses, and parasites as well as their known interactions with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Indeed, several licensed vaccines leverage bacterial cell-surface carbohydrates as antigens for inducing antigen-specific plasma cells secreting protective antibodies and the development of memory T and B cells. Carbohydrates have also garnered attention in other aspects of vaccine development, for example, as adjuvants that enhance the immune response by either activating innate immune responses or targeting specific immune cells. Additionally, carbohydrates can function as immunomodulators that dampen undesired humoral immune responses to entire protein antigens or specific, conserved regions on antigenic proteins. In this review, we highlight how the interplay between carbohydrates and the adaptive and innate arms of the immune response is guiding the development of glycans as vaccine components that act as antigens, adjuvants, and immunomodulators. We also discuss how advances in the field of synthetic glycobiology are enabling the design, engineering, and production of this new generation of carbohydrate-containing vaccine formulations with the potential to prevent infectious diseases, malignancies, and complex immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia W Hulbert
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Primit Desai
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Asher J Williams
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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7
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Liem SIE, Neppelenbroek S, Fehres CM, Wevers BA, Toes REM, Allaart CF, Huizinga TWJ, Scherer HU, De Vries-Bouwstra JK. Progression from suspected to definite systemic sclerosis and the role of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002827. [PMID: 36746531 PMCID: PMC9906376 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is important to start therapeutic interventions timely. Important risk factors for progression to SSc are the SSc-specific autoantibodies, of whom anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (ATA) are the most frequent. ATA is associated with a severe disease course. A more detailed characterisation of the ATA-response in SSc might increase insights in preclinical disease stages and improve prognostication. To address this we identified all patients with suspected very early ATA-positive SSc, defined as all patients who are ATA-positive not fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) 2013 criteria, in the Leiden Combined Care in Systemic Sclerosis (CCISS)-cohort and found very low numbers. METHODS This triggered us to search the literature on the ATA prevalence in patients with suspected very early SSc and contribution of the SSc-specific autoantibodies to progression from suspected very early to definite SSc. To increase insights on the ATA-response in suspected very early SSc, we then evaluated the association between the ATA-response and time between onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and first non-RP symptom, as a proxy for progressing to definite SSc, in all patients with ATA-positive SSc from the Leiden CCISS-cohort. RESULTS In short, included studies show that prevalence of ATA is much lower in suspected very early SSc than in populations fulfilling ACR/EULAR 2013 criteria. After 1-15 years of follow-up, only 52% of the patients with suspected very early SSc progress to definite SSc. ATA-IgG levels tend to be higher in patients with ATA-positive SSc with more rapid disease progression. CONCLUSION Although a role of ATA in disease progression is suggested, more studies on the ATA response in suspected very early SSc are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I E Liem
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Neppelenbroek
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia M Fehres
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A Wevers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia F Allaart
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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van Leeuwen NM, Liem SIE, Scherer HU, de Vries-Bouwstra JK. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1607-1608. [PMID: 35594479 DOI: 10.1002/art.42161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina M van Leeuwen
- On behalf of all coauthors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie I E Liem
- On behalf of all coauthors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans U Scherer
- On behalf of all coauthors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Graßhoff H, Fourlakis K, Comdühr S, Riemekasten G. Autoantibodies as Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2150. [PMID: 36140251 PMCID: PMC9496142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation evoking the pathophysiological triad of inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy. In SSc, several alterations in the B-cell compartment have been described, leading to polyclonal B-cell hyperreactivity, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies promote and maintain pathologic mechanisms. In addition, autoantibodies in SSc are important biomarkers for predicting clinical phenotype and disease progression. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies represent potentially promising targets for therapeutic approaches including B-cell-targeting therapies, as well as strategies for unselective and selective removal of autoantibodies. In this review, we present mechanisms of the innate immune system leading to the generation of autoantibodies, alterations of the B-cell compartment in SSc, autoantibodies as biomarkers and autoantibody-mediated pathologies in SSc as well as potential therapeutic approaches to target these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Graßhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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10
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Schulte D, Peng W, Snijder J. Template-Based Assembly of Proteomic Short Reads For De Novo Antibody Sequencing and Repertoire Profiling. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10391-10399. [PMID: 35834437 PMCID: PMC9330293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Antibodies can target a vast molecular diversity of antigens.
This
is achieved by generating a complementary diversity of antibody sequences
through somatic recombination and hypermutation. A full understanding
of the antibody repertoire in health and disease therefore requires
dedicated de novo sequencing methods. Next-generation
cDNA sequencing methods have laid the foundation of our current understanding
of the antibody repertoire, but these methods share one major limitation
in that they target the antibody-producing B-cells, rather than the
functional secreted product in bodily fluids. Mass spectrometry-based
methods offer an opportunity to bridge this gap between antibody repertoire
profiling and bulk serological assays, as they can access antibody
sequence information straight from the secreted polypeptide products.
In a step to meeting the challenge of mass spectrometry (MS)-based
antibody sequencing, we present a fast and simple software tool (Stitch)
to map proteomic short reads to user-defined templates with dedicated
features for both monoclonal antibody sequencing and profiling of
polyclonal antibody repertoires. We demonstrate the use of Stitch
by fully reconstructing two monoclonal antibody sequences with >98%
accuracy (including I/L assignment); sequencing a Fab from patient
serum isolated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) fractionation
against a high background of homologous antibody sequences; sequencing
antibody light chains from the urine of multiple-myeloma patients;
and profiling the IgG repertoire in sera from patients hospitalized
with COVID-19. We demonstrate that Stitch assembles a comprehensive
overview of the antibody sequences that are represented in the dataset
and provides an important first step toward analyzing polyclonal antibodies
and repertoire profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Chepy A, Bourel L, Koether V, Launay D, Dubucquoi S, Sobanski V. Can Antinuclear Antibodies Have a Pathogenic Role in Systemic Sclerosis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:930970. [PMID: 35837382 PMCID: PMC9274282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by extensive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, associated with vasculopathy and autoimmune features. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are found in almost all SSc patients and constitute strong diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers. However, it remains unclear whether ANA are simple bystanders or if they can have a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. One might think that the nuclear nature of their targets prevents any accessibility to autoantibodies. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that ANA could be pathogenic or at least contribute to the perennation of the disease. We review here first the indirect clues of the contribution of ANA to SSc: they are associated to the disease subtypes, they may precede disease onset, their titer correlates with disease activity and severity, there is an association between molecular subsets, and some patients can respond to B-cell targeting therapy. Then, we describe in a second part the mechanisms of ANA production in SSc from individual genetic background to post-transcriptional modifications of neoantigens. Finally, we elaborate on the potential mechanisms of pathogenicity: ANA could be pathogenic through immune-complex-mediated mechanisms; other processes potentially involve molecular mimicry and ANA penetration into the target cell, with a focus on anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies, which are the most probable candidate to play a role in the pathophysiology of SSc. Finally, we outline some technical and conceptual ways to improve our understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Chepy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - Louisa Bourel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Koether
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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12
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Senécal JL, Koenig M, Archambault G, Hoa S. Criteria for the pathogenicity of anticentromere (anti-CENP-B) autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis: Comment on the article of van Leeuwen et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1606-1607. [PMID: 35536755 DOI: 10.1002/art.42159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Senécal
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martial Koenig
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Archambault
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Hoa
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Wang EY, Dai Y, Rosen CE, Schmitt MM, Dong MX, Ferré EM, Liu F, Yang Y, González-Hernández JA, Meffre E, Hinchcliff M, Koumpouras F, Lionakis MS, Ring AM. High-throughput identification of autoantibodies that target the human exoproteome. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100172. [PMID: 35360706 PMCID: PMC8967185 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies that recognize extracellular proteins (the exoproteome) exert potent biological effects but are challenging to detect. Here, we developed rapid extracellular antigen profiling (REAP), a high-throughput technique for the comprehensive discovery of exoproteome-targeting autoantibodies. Patient samples are applied to a genetically barcoded yeast surface display library containing 2,688 human extracellular proteins. Antibody-coated yeast are isolated, and sequencing of barcodes is used to identify displayed antigens. To benchmark REAP's performance, we screened 77 patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). REAP sensitively and specifically detected both known and previously unidentified autoantibodies in APS-1. We further screened 106 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identified numerous autoantibodies, several of which were associated with disease severity or specific clinical manifestations and exerted functional effects on cell signaling ex vivo. These findings demonstrate the utility of REAP to atlas the expansive landscape of exoproteome-targeting autoantibodies and their impacts on patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Connor E. Rosen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monica M. Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mei X. Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elise M.N. Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fotios Koumpouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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14
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Srivastava A, Arlian BM, Pang L, Kishimoto TK, Paulson JC. Tolerogenic Nanoparticles Impacting B and T Lymphocyte Responses Delay Autoimmune Arthritis in K/BxN Mice. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1985-1993. [PMID: 34037371 PMCID: PMC8526371 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for unwanted antibody responses largely rely on immunosuppressive drugs compromising overall immunity. New approaches to achieve antigen-specific tolerance are desirable to avoid unwanted side effects. Several nanoparticle-based approaches that utilize different mechanisms to tolerize the B or T cell arms of the humoral immune response have shown promise for induction of antigen-specific tolerance, raising the possibility that they could work synergistically if combined. Earlier we showed that Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) that display both an antigen (Ag) and glycan ligands of the inhibitory co-receptor CD22 (CD22L) lead to robust antigen-specific B cell tolerance to protein antigens in naive mice. In another approach, administration of free Ag with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-rapamycin nanoparticles (PLGA-R) induced robust antigen-specific tolerance through production of regulatory T cells. Here we illustrate that coadministration of STALs together with PLGA-R to naive mice induced more robust tolerance to multiple antigen challenges than either nanoparticle alone. Moreover, in K/BxN mice that develop spontaneous autoimmune arthritis to the self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (GPI), co-delivery of GPI-LP-CD22L and PLGA-R delayed onset of disease and in some mice prevented the disease indefinitely. The results show synergy between B cell-tolerizing STALs and T cell-tolerizing PLGA-R and the potential to induce tolerance in early stage autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Britni M. Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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McGregor R, Tay ML, Carlton LH, Hanson-Manful P, Raynes JM, Forsyth WO, Brewster DT, Middleditch MJ, Bennett J, Martin WJ, Wilson N, Atatoa Carr P, Baker MG, Moreland NJ. Mapping Autoantibodies in Children With Acute Rheumatic Fever. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702877. [PMID: 34335616 PMCID: PMC8320770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a serious sequela of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection associated with significant global mortality. Pathogenesis remains poorly understood, with the current prevailing hypothesis based on molecular mimicry and the notion that antibodies generated in response to GAS infection cross-react with cardiac proteins such as myosin. Contemporary investigations of the broader autoantibody response in ARF are needed to both inform pathogenesis models and identify new biomarkers for the disease. Methods This study has utilised a multi-platform approach to profile circulating autoantibodies in ARF. Sera from patients with ARF, matched healthy controls and patients with uncomplicated GAS pharyngitis were initially analysed for autoreactivity using high content protein arrays (Protoarray, 9000 autoantigens), and further explored using a second protein array platform (HuProt Array, 16,000 autoantigens) and 2-D gel electrophoresis of heart tissue combined with mass spectrometry. Selected autoantigens were orthogonally validated using conventional immunoassays with sera from an ARF case-control study (n=79 cases and n=89 matched healthy controls) and a related study of GAS pharyngitis (n=39) conducted in New Zealand. Results Global analysis of the protein array data showed an increase in total autoantigen reactivity in ARF patients compared with controls, as well as marked heterogeneity in the autoantibody profiles between ARF patients. Autoantigens previously implicated in ARF pathogenesis, such as myosin and collagens were detected, as were novel candidates. Disease pathway analysis revealed several autoantigens within pathways linked to arthritic and myocardial disease. Orthogonal validation of three novel autoantigens (PTPN2, DMD and ANXA6) showed significant elevation of serum antibodies in ARF (p < 0.05), and further highlighted heterogeneity with patients reactive to different combinations of the three antigens. Conclusions The broad yet heterogenous elevation of autoantibodies observed suggests epitope spreading, and an expansion of the autoantibody repertoire, likely plays a key role in ARF pathogenesis and disease progression. Multiple autoantigens may be needed as diagnostic biomarkers to capture this heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben McGregor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Lin Tay
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren H. Carlton
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeremy M. Raynes
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wasan O. Forsyth
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Julie Bennett
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - William John Martin
- Science for Technological Innovation Science Challenge, Callaghan Innovation, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Wilson
- Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Polly Atatoa Carr
- Waikato District Health Board and Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Baker
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole J. Moreland
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Papillion A, Ballesteros-Tato A. The Potential of Harnessing IL-2-Mediated Immunosuppression to Prevent Pathogenic B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667342. [PMID: 33986755 PMCID: PMC8112607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs can partially control Antibody (Ab)-dependent pathology. However, these therapeutic regimens must be maintained for the patient's lifetime, which is often associated with severe side effects. As research advances, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of auto-reactive B cell responses has significantly advanced. As a result, novel immunotherapies aimed to restore immune tolerance and prevent disease progression in autoimmune patients are underway. In this regard, encouraging results from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of low-doses of recombinant Interleukin-2 (r-IL2) has potent immunosuppressive effects in patients with autoimmune pathologies. Although the exact mechanism by which IL-2 induces immunosuppression remains unclear, the clinical benefits of the current IL-2-based immunotherapies are attributed to its effect on bolstering T regulatory (Treg) cells, which are known to suppress overactive immune responses. In addition to Tregs, however, rIL-2 also directly prevent the T follicular helper cells (Tfh), T helper 17 cells (Th17), and Double Negative (DN) T cell responses, which play critical roles in the development of autoimmune disorders and have the ability to help pathogenic B cells. Here we discuss the broader effects of rIL-2 immunotherapy and the potential of combining rIL-2 with other cytokine-based therapies to more efficiently target Tfh cells, Th17, and DN T cells and subsequently inhibit auto-antibody (ab) production in autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Andersen-Ranberg E, Berendt M, Gredal H. Biomarkers of non-infectious inflammatory CNS diseases in dogs - Where are we now? Part I: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Vet J 2021; 273:105678. [PMID: 34148601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meningoencephalitides of Unknown Origin (MUO) comprises a group of non-infectious inflammatory brain conditions, which frequently cause severe neurological disease and death in dogs. Although multiple diagnostic markers have been investigated, a conclusive diagnosis, at present, essentially relies on postmortem histopathology. However, different groups of biomarkers, e.g. acute phase proteins, antibodies, cytokines, and neuro-imaging markers may prove useful in the diagnostic investigation of dogs with MUO. It appears from the current literature that acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein are often normal in MUO, but may be useful to rule out steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis as well as other systemic inflammatory conditions. In antibody research, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) may play a role, but further research is needed to establish this as a consistent marker of particularly Pug dog encephalitis. The proposed diagnostic markers often lack specificity to distinguish between the subtypes of MUO, but an increased expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) in tissue biopsies may indicate their potential as specific markers of NME and GME, respectively, suggesting further investigations of these in serum and CSF. While neuro-imaging is already an important part of the diagnostic work-up in MUO, further promising results have been shown with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as well as proton resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), which may be able to detect areas of necrosis and granulomas, respectively, with relatively high specificity. This review presents different groups of established and potential diagnostic markers of MUO assessing current results and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Andersen-Ranberg
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gredal
- Copenhagen University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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18
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The Weight of IgA Anti-β2glycoprotein I in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Pathogenesis: Closing the Gap of Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238972. [PMID: 33255963 PMCID: PMC7730063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific value of IgA Anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies (aB2GP1) in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is still controversial and a matter of active debate. The relevance of the IgA aB2GP1 isotype in the pathophysiology of APS has been increasingly studied in the last years. There is well know that subjects with multiple positive APS tests are at increased risk of thrombosis and/or miscarriage. However, these antibodies are not included in the 2006 APS classification criteria. Since 2010 the task force of the Galveston International Congress on APS recommends testing IgA aB2GP1 isotype in patients with APS clinical criteria in the absence of criteria antibodies. In this review, we summarize the molecular and clinical “state of the art” of the IgA aB2GP in the context of APS. We also discuss some of the characteristics that may help to evaluate the real value of the IgA aB2GP1 determination in basic research and clinical practice. The scientific community should be aware of the importance of clarifying the role of IgA aB2GP1 in the APS diagnosis.
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19
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Benfaremo D, Svegliati Baroni S, Manfredi L, Moroncini G, Gabrielli A. Putative functional pathogenic autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7:S181-S186. [PMID: 33164733 PMCID: PMC7647689 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.19131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a systemic disease characterized by vascular lesions, fibrosis, and circulating autoantibodies. A complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, and with regard to the latter, between humoral and cellular immunity, is believed to be involved in SSc pathogenesis. Lately, close attention has been paid to the role of B cells which, once activated, release profibrotic cytokines, promote profibrotic Th2 differentiation, and produce autoantibodies. Several novel interesting autoantibodies, targeting antigens within the extracellular matrix or on the cell surface, rather than the nuclear antigens of canonical SSc-autoantibodies, have been recently described in patients with SSc. As they show stimulatory or inhibitory activity or react with structures involved in the pathogenesis of SSc lesions, they can be considered as potentially pathogenic. In this paper, we will review those which have been better characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Benfaremo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Manfredi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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20
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Koneczny I. Update on IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases: New insights and new family members. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102646. [PMID: 32801046 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies of IgG4 subclass are exceptional players of the immune system, as they are considered to be immunologically inert and functionally monovalent, and as such may be part of classical tolerance mechanisms. IgG4 antibodies are found in a range of different diseases, including IgG4-related diseases, allergy, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, helminth infection and IgG4 autoimmune diseases, where they may be pathogenic or protective. IgG4 autoimmune diseases are an emerging new group of diseases that are characterized by pathogenic, antigen-specific autoantibodies of IgG4 subclass, such as MuSK myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The list of IgG4 autoantigens is rapidly growing and to date contains 29 candidate antigens. Interestingly, IgG4 autoimmune diseases are restricted to four distinct organs: 1) the central and peripheral nervous system, 2) the kidney, 3) the skin and mucous membranes and 4) the vascular system and soluble antigens in the blood circulation. The pathogenicity of IgG4 can be validated using our classification system, and is usually excerted by functional blocking of protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Koneczny
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Senécal JL, Hoa S, Yang R, Koenig M. Pathogenic roles of autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis: Current understandings in pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:103-129. [PMID: 35382028 PMCID: PMC8922609 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319870667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential pathogenic role for autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis has captivated researchers for the past 40 years. This review answers the question whether there is yet sufficient knowledge to conclude that certain serum autoantibodies associated with systemic sclerosis contribute to its pathogenesis. Definitions for pathogenic, pathogenetic and functional autoantibodies are formulated, and the need to differentiate these autoantibodies from natural autoantibodies is emphasized. In addition, seven criteria for the identification of pathogenic autoantibodies are proposed. Experimental evidence is reviewed relevant to the classic systemic sclerosis antinuclear autoantibodies, anti-topoisomerase I and anticentromere, and to functional autoantibodies to endothelin 1 type A receptor, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, muscarinic receptor 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4, estrogen receptor α, and CD22. Pathogenic evidence is also reviewed for anti-matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3, anti-fibrillin 1, anti-IFI16, anti-eIF2B, anti-ICAM-1, and anti-RuvBL1/RuvBL2 autoantibodies. For each autoantibody, objective evidence for a pathogenic role is scored qualitatively according to the seven pathogenicity criteria. It is concluded that anti-topoisomerase I is the single autoantibody specificity with the most evidence in favor of a pathogenic role in systemic sclerosis, followed by anticentromere. However, these autoantibodies have not been demonstrated yet to fulfill completely the seven proposed criteria for pathogenicity. Their contributory roles to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis remain possible but not yet conclusively demonstrated. With respect to functional autoantibodies and other autoantibodies, only a few criteria for pathogenicity are fulfilled. Their common presence in healthy and disease controls suggests that major subsets of these immunoglobulins are natural autoantibodies. While some of these autoantibodies may be pathogenetic in systemic sclerosis, establishing that they are truly pathogenic is a work in progress. Experimental data are difficult to interpret because high serum autoantibody levels may be due to polyclonal B-cell activation. Other limitations in experimental design are the use of total serum immunoglobulin G rather than affinity-purified autoantibodies, the confounding effect of other systemic sclerosis autoantibodies present in total immunoglobulin G and the lack of longitudinal studies to determine if autoantibody titers fluctuate with systemic sclerosis activity and severity. These intriguing new specificities expand the spectrum of autoantibodies observed in systemic sclerosis. Continuing elucidation of their potential mechanistic roles raises hope of a better understanding of systemic sclerosis pathogenesis leading to improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Senécal
- Scleroderma Research Chair, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre of the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Hoa
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre of the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martial Koenig
- Autoimmunity Research Laboratory, Research Centre of the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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de Jong CGHM, Gabius HJ, Baron W. The emerging role of galectins in (re)myelination and its potential for developing new approaches to treat multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1289-1317. [PMID: 31628495 PMCID: PMC7113233 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Currently approved disease-modifying treatment modalities are immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive. While the applied drugs reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks, their efficacy to regenerate myelin membranes and to halt disease progression is limited. To achieve such therapeutic aims, understanding biological mechanisms of remyelination and identifying factors that interfere with remyelination in MS can give respective directions. Such a perspective is given by the emerging functional profile of galectins. They form a family of tissue lectins, which are potent effectors in processes as diverse as adhesion, apoptosis, immune mediator release or migration. This review focuses on endogenous and exogenous roles of galectins in glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in the context of de- and (re)myelination and its dysregulation in MS. Evidence is arising for a cooperation among family members so that timed expression and/or secretion of galectins-1, -3 and -4 result in modifying developmental myelination, (neuro)inflammatory processes, de- and remyelination. Dissecting the mechanisms that underlie the distinct activities of galectins and identifying galectins as target or tool to modulate remyelination have the potential to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G H M de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Anitua E, Piñas L, Alkhraisat MH. Histopathological features of oral lichen planus and its response to corticosteroid therapy: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18321. [PMID: 31860983 PMCID: PMC6940162 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) exhibits variations in severity and response to corticosteroid therapy. This study aims to assess the histopathological features of OLP at the time of diagnosis and their relationship in response to corticosteroid therapy.In this retrospective study, OLP patients were selected if a histopathological report was available. Data were collected regarding patients' demographics and medical history. Clinical and histological data were also obtained. The outcomes were histopathological findings, clinical form of OLP, number of exacerbations per year, and the response to corticosteroid therapy.In this study, 100 OLP patients were enrolled. Basal layer hydropic degeneration and band-like subepithelial lymphocytes infiltrate were observed in all patients. Plasma cells, identified in 62% of OLP patients, were significantly associated with fewer disease exacerbations and better response to corticosteroid treatment.Identifying histopathological features that may affect the clinical course would be clinically helpful in tailoring patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Laura Piñas
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
| | - Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
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24
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Pan J, Liu S, Zhu H, Qian J. AAgMarker 1.0: a resource of serological autoantigen biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various human diseases. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D886-D893. [PMID: 28977551 PMCID: PMC5753245 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are produced to target an individual's own antigens (e.g. proteins). They can trigger autoimmune responses and inflammation, and thus, cause many types of diseases. Many high-throughput autoantibody profiling projects have been reported for unbiased identification of serological autoantigen-based biomarkers. However, a lack of centralized data portal for these published assays has been a major obstacle to further data mining and cross-evaluate the quality of these datasets generated from different diseases. Here, we introduce a user-friendly database, AAgMarker 1.0, which collects many published raw datasets obtained from serum profiling assays on the proteome microarrays, and provides a toolbox for mining these data. The current version of AAgMarker 1.0 contains 854 serum samples, involving 136 092 proteins. A total of 7803 (4470 non-redundant) candidate autoantigen biomarkers were identified and collected for 12 diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Bechet's disease and Parkinson's disease. Seven statistical parameters are introduced to quantitatively assess these biomarkers. Users can retrieve, analyse and compare the datasets through basic search, advanced search and browse. These biomarkers are also downloadable by disease terms. The AAgMarker 1.0 is now freely accessible at http://bioinfo.wilmer.jhu.edu/AAgMarker/. We believe this database will be a valuable resource for the community of both biomedical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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25
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Xie MM, Liu H, Corn C, Koh BH, Kaplan MH, Turner MJ, Dent AL. Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Autoantibody Production in IL-2-Deficient Mice. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:306-316. [PMID: 31356160 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies can result from excessive T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells negatively regulate autoantibody production. IL-2 knockout (KO) mice on the BALB/c background have elevated Tfh responses, produce autoantibodies, and develop lethal autoimmunity. We analyzed Tfh and Tfr cells in IL-2 KO mice on the C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background. In B6 IL-2 KO mice, the spontaneous formation of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells was greatly enhanced, along with production of anti-DNA autoantibodies. IL-2 has been reported to repress Tfr cell differentiation; however, Tfr cells were not increased over wild-type levels in the B6 IL-2 KO mice. To assess Tfh and Tfr cell regulation of autoantibody production in IL-2 KO mice, we generated IL-2 KO mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the master Tfh cell transcription factor Bcl6. In IL-2 KO Bcl6 conditional KO (2KO-Bcl6TC) mice, Tfh cells, Tfr cells, and germinal center B cells were ablated. In contrast to expectations, autoantibody IgG titers in 2KO-Bcl6TC mice were significantly elevated over autoantibody IgG titers in IL-2 KO mice. Specific deletion of Tfr cells with Foxp3-cre Bcl6-flox alleles in IL-2 KO mice led to early lethality, before high levels of autoantibodies could develop. We found IL-2+/+ Tfr cell-deficient mice produce significant levels of autoantibodies. Our overall findings provide evidence that Tfh cells are dispensable for high-level production of autoantibodies and also reveal a complex interplay between Tfh and Tfr cells in autoantibody production and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Caleb Corn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Byung-Hee Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; and
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
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26
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Maisch B. Cardio-Immunology of Myocarditis: Focus on Immune Mechanisms and Treatment Options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:48. [PMID: 31032264 PMCID: PMC6473396 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy are syndromes, not aetiological disease entities. From animal models of cardiac inflammation we have detailed insight of the strain specific immune reactions based on the genetic background of the animal and the infectiosity of the virus. Innate and adaptive immunity also react in man. An aetiological diagnosis of a viral vs. a non-viral cause is possible by endomyocardial biopsy with histology, immunohistology and PCR for microbial agents. This review deals with the different etiologies of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy on the basis of the genetic background and the predisposition for inflammation. It analyses the epidemiologic shift in cardiotropic viral agents in the last 30 years. Based on the understanding of the interaction between infection and the players of the innate and adaptive immune system it summarizes pathogenetic phases and clinical faces of myocarditis. It gives an up-to-date information on specific treatment options beyond symptomatic heart failure and antiarrhythmic therapy. Although inflammation can resolve spontaneously, specific treatment directed to the causative etiology is often required. For fulminant, acute, and chronic autoreactive myocarditis without viral persistence immunosuppressive treatment can be life-saving, for viral inflammatory cardiomyopathy ivIg treatment can resolve inflammation and often eradicate the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Maisch
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heart and Vessel Center, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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27
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Abstract
IgG4 autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of antigen-specific autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass and contain well-characterized diseases such as muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In recent years, several new diseases were identified, and by now 14 antigens targeted by IgG4 autoantibodies have been described. The IgG4 subclass is considered immunologically inert and functionally monovalent due to structural differences compared to other IgG subclasses. IgG4 usually arises after chronic exposure to antigen and competes with other antibody species, thus "blocking" their pathogenic effector mechanisms. Accordingly, in the context of IgG4 autoimmunity, the pathogenicity of IgG4 is associated with blocking of enzymatic activity or protein-protein interactions of the target antigen. Pathogenicity of IgG4 autoantibodies has not yet been systematically analyzed in IgG4 autoimmune diseases. Here, we establish a modified classification system based on Witebsky's postulates to determine IgG4 pathogenicity in IgG4 autoimmune diseases, review characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of IgG4 in these disorders, and also investigate the contribution of other antibody entities to pathophysiology by additional mechanisms. As a result, three classes of IgG4 autoimmune diseases emerge: class I where IgG4 pathogenicity is validated by the use of subclass-specific autoantibodies in animal models and/or in vitro models of pathogenicity; class II where IgG4 pathogenicity is highly suspected but lack validation by the use of subclass specific antibodies in in vitro models of pathogenicity or animal models; and class III with insufficient data or a pathogenic mechanism associated with multivalent antigen binding. Five out of the 14 IgG4 antigens were validated as class I, five as class II, and four as class III. Antibodies of other IgG subclasses or immunoglobulin classes were present in several diseases and could contribute additional pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Koneczny
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Liao H, Yu Y, Li S, Yue Y, Tao C, Su K, Zhang Z. Circulating Plasmablasts from Chronically Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Predominantly Produce Polyreactive/Autoreactive Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1691. [PMID: 29270169 PMCID: PMC5723652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the B-cell response during chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential for eliciting broad and potent neutralizing antibodies (Abs). In this study, we analyzed the plasmablast repertoire of chronically HIV-infected individuals in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among the obtained 72 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 27.8% weakly bound to HIV gp140 and were non-neutralizing. Remarkably, 56.9% were polyreactive and 55.6% were autoreactive. The prominent feature of being polyreactive/autoreactive is not limited to anti-gp140 Abs. Furthermore, these polyreactive/autoreactive Abs displayed striking cross-reactivity with DWEYS in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and this binding induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. We also found higher frequencies of VH4-34 utilization and VH replacement in the plasmablast repertoire of chronically HIV-infected individuals, which may contribute to the generation of poly/autoreactive Abs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that circulating plasmablasts in chronically HIV-infected individuals experienced with ART predominantly produce poly/autoreactive Abs with minimal anti-HIV neutralizing capacity and potential cross-reactivity with autoantigens. This may represent another dysfunction of B cells during chronic HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinshi Yue
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chuanmin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Eppley Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Bieber K, Koga H, Nishie W. In vitro and in vivo models to investigate the pathomechanisms and novel treatments for pemphigoid diseases. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1163-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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30
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Sweet RA, Nickerson KM, Cullen JL, Wang Y, Shlomchik MJ. B Cell-Extrinsic Myd88 and Fcer1g Negatively Regulate Autoreactive and Normal B Cell Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:885-893. [PMID: 28659358 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 and FcR common γ-chain (Fcer1g, FcRγ) elicit proinflammatory responses to exogenous Ags. Deletion of these receptors in autoimmune models has generally led to reduced overall disease. In B cells, Myd88 is required for anti-DNA and anti-RNA autoantibody responses, whereas Fcer1g is not expressed in these cells. The roles of these receptors in myeloid cells during B cell autoimmune activation remain less clear. To investigate the roles of Myd88 and Fcer1g in non-B cells, we transferred anti-self-IgG (rheumatoid factor) B cells and their physiologic target Ag, anti-chromatin Ab, into mice lacking Fcer1g, Myd88, or both and studied the extrafollicular plasmablast response. Surprisingly, we found a markedly higher and more prolonged response in the absence of either molecule; this effect was accentuated in doubly deficient recipients, with a 40-fold increase compared with wild-type recipients at day 10. This enhancement was dependent on CD40L, indicating that Myd88 and FcRγ, presumably on myeloid APCs, were required to downregulate T cell help for the extrafollicular response. To extend the generality, we then investigated a classic T cell-dependent response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl conjugated to chicken γ globulin and found a similar effect. Thus, these results reveal novel regulatory roles in the B cell response for receptors that are typically proinflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sweet
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519; and
| | - Kevin M Nickerson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jaime L Cullen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519; and
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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31
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Pang L, Macauley MS, Arlian BM, Nycholat CM, Paulson JC. Encapsulating an Immunosuppressant Enhances Tolerance Induction by Siglec-Engaging Tolerogenic Liposomes. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1226-1233. [PMID: 28231415 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unwanted antibody responses significantly impact human health, and current options for treating deleterious antibody responses largely rely on broad immunosuppressants that can compromise overall immunity. A desirable alternative is to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. We have shown that co-presentation of antigen and ligands of B cell sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) on a liposomal nanoparticle induces antigen-specific tolerance. Although Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) induce robust B cell tolerance in naïve mice, the full potential of STALs requires long-term tolerance induction and suppression of an ongoing immune response. We hypothesized that STALs encapsulated with rapamycin (RAPA), an immunomodulator, could improve the efficacy of STALs and potentially enable their use in the context of immunological memory. Here, we showed that formulation of STALs with RAPA produced enhanced tolerance induction in naïve mice compared to STALs without RAPA but had minimal impact on inducing tolerance in previously sensitized mice. These findings indicate that the addition of immunomodulators to STALs could be beneficial in tolerance induction and support future development of STALs for the treatment of allergy and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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32
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Hamano Y, Kida H, Ihara S, Murakami A, Yanagawa M, Ueda K, Honda O, Tripathi LP, Arai T, Hirose M, Hamasaki T, Yano Y, Kimura T, Kato Y, Takamatsu H, Otsuka T, Minami T, Hirata H, Inoue K, Nagatomo I, Takeda Y, Mori M, Nishikawa H, Mizuguchi K, Kijima T, Kitaichi M, Tomiyama N, Inoue Y, Kumanogoh A. Classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias using anti-myxovirus resistance-protein 1 autoantibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43201. [PMID: 28230086 PMCID: PMC5322336 DOI: 10.1038/srep43201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) can be divided into two main types: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a steroid-resistant and progressive disease with a median survival of 2-3 years, and idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (INSIP), a steroid-sensitive and non-progressive autoimmune disease. Although the clinical courses of these two diseases differ, they may be difficult to distinguish at diagnosis. We performed a comprehensive analysis of serum autoantibodies from patients definitively diagnosed with IPF, INSIP, autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and sarcoidosis. We identified disease-specific autoantibodies and enriched KEGG pathways unique to each disease, and demonstrated that IPF and INSIP are serologically distinct. Furthermore, we discovered a new INSIP-specific autoantibody, anti-myxovirus resistance-1 (MX1) autoantibody. Patients positive for anti-MX1 autoantibody constituted 17.5% of all cases of chronic fibrosing IIPs. Notably, patients rarely simultaneously carried the anti-MX1 autoantibody and the anti-aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase autoantibody, which is common in chronic fibrosing IIPs. Because MX1 is one of the most important interferon-inducible anti-viral genes, we have not only identified a new diagnostic autoantibody of INSIP but also obtained new insight into the pathology of INSIP, which may be associated with viral infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hamano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Murakami
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Ina Laboratory, 1063-103 Terasawaoka, Ina City, Nagano 396-0002, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Ueda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Honda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lokesh P. Tripathi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Toru Arai
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Hirose
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Office of Biostatistics and Data Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yano
- National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Kitaichi
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED, CREST, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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33
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[102 patients with suspected myocarditis : Clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy and prognosis]. Herz 2017; 43:69-77. [PMID: 28101623 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocarditis is a disease which is difficult to diagnose and which includes a risk of the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. METHODS AND PATIENTS In this study 102 patients were included from the time period 2003-2013 after diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of myocarditis in the department of internal medicine at the University Hospital Halle (Saale). RESULTS Of the study participants 77.5% were male and the average age was 35.5 ± 14.1 years. The symptoms reported by the patients were angina in 46.1%, dyspnea in 38.2%, performance deterioration in 29.4%, palpitations in 9.8% and syncope in 8.8%. In 45.1% of patients, symptoms were preceded by a respiratory infection. All patients underwent an echocardiogram and in 36.5% it was possible to demonstrate a regional wall motion abnormality and in 20.4% a pericardial effusion. A myocardial biopsy was performed in 15.6% of the patients. The presence of cardiotropic viruses was investigated in 37.3% of patients but was detected in only 5.9%. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 82 patients of whom 33.3% showed a late enhancement and 11.9% a wall movement disorder. In this study four patients, all male, died and three suffered recurrent myocarditis. CONCLUSION This study showed the wide range of symptoms in myocarditis. Myocarditis is rarely severely manifested and in this study the mortality was 3.9%. For further optimization of the diagnostic and treatment algorithms, prospective, randomized studies would be desirable.
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34
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Yu-Rice Y, Edassery SL, Urban N, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, Deng Y, Li Y, Luborsky JL. Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) autoantibodies in ovarian disorders and ovarian cancer. Reproduction 2016; 153:277-284. [PMID: 27965399 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a risk factor for ovarian cancer (OvCa). The goal was to determine if antibodies to selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), an autoantibody we identified in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF), occurs in both infertility and OvCa patients, and thus could be associated with preneoplasia. Anti-SBP1 was measured by immunoassay against recombinant SBP1, in sera from OvCa (n = 41), infertility (n = 92) and control (n = 87) patients. Infertility causes were POF, unexplained, irregular ovulation or endometriosis. The percent of anti-SBP1-positive sera was higher in POF (P = 0.02), irregular ovulation (P = 0.001), unexplained causes (P = 0.02), late (III-IV)-stage OvCa (P = 0.02) but was not significant in endometriosis, benign ovarian tumors/cysts, early stage (I-II) OvCa or uterine cancer compared to healthy controls. Anti-SBP1 was significantly higher in women with serous (P = 0.04) but not non-serous (P = 0.33) OvCa compared to controls. Also, we determined if anti-SBP1 was associated with CA125 or anti-TP53, markers often studied in OvCa. Anti-TP53 and CA125 were measured by established immunoassays. The ability of anti-SBP1 alone to discriminate infertility or OvCa from controls or when combined with anti-TP53 and CA125, to identify OvCa was evaluated by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) in ROC analysis. Anti-SBP1 alone discriminated infertility (AUC = 0.7; P = 0.001) or OvCa (AUC = 0.67; P = 0.03) from controls. The sensitivity and specificity of OvCa identification was increased by combining CA125, anti-TP53 and anti-SBP1 (AUC = 0.96). Therefore, anti-SBP1 occurs in infertile women with POF, ovulatory disturbances or unexplained infertility and in serous OvCa. This suggests an autoimmune process is associated with the development of serous OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu-Rice
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seby L Edassery
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Urban
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ingegerd Hellstrom
- Department of PathologyHarborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karl Erik Hellstrom
- Department of PathologyHarborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Judith L Luborsky
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Chruscinski A, Huang FYY, Ulndreaj A, Chua C, Fehlings M, Rao V, Ross HJ, Levy GA. Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685156 DOI: 10.3791/54543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies, which are antibodies against self-antigens, are present in many disease states and can serve as markers for disease activity. The levels of autoantibodies to specific antigens are typically detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. However, screening for multiple autoantibodies with ELISA can be time-consuming and requires a large quantity of patient sample. The antigen microarray technique is an alternative method that can be used to screen for autoantibodies in a multiplex fashion. In this technique, antigens are arrayed onto specially coated microscope slides with a robotic microarrayer. The slides are probed with patient serum samples and subsequently fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies are added to detect binding of serum autoantibodies to the antigens. The autoantibody reactivities are revealed and quantified by scanning the slides with a scanner that can detect fluorescent signals. Here we describe methods to generate custom antigen microarrays. Our current arrays are printed with 9 solid pins and can include up to 162 antigens spotted in duplicate. The arrays can be easily customized by changing the antigens in the source plate that is used by the microarrayer. We have developed a two-color secondary antibody detection scheme that can distinguish IgG and IgM reactivities on the same slide surface. The detection system has been optimized to study binding of human and murine autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Conan Chua
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network
| | | | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Health Network
| | - Heather J Ross
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network
| | - Gary A Levy
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network
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Winter O, Musiol S, Schablowsky M, Cheng Q, Khodadadi L, Hiepe F. Analyzing pathogenic (double-stranded (ds) DNA-specific) plasma cells via immunofluorescence microscopy. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:293. [PMID: 26490351 PMCID: PMC4618946 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While protective plasma cells (PCs) are an important part of the individual’s immune defense, autoreactive plasma cells such as dsDNA-specific plasma cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the research on dsDNA-specific plasma cells was restricted to the ELISpot technique, with its limitations, as no other attempt for identification of dsDNA-reactive plasma cells had been successful. Methods With improved fluorochrome labeling of dsDNA, removal of DNA aggregates, and enhanced blocking of unspecific binding, we were able to specifically detect dsDNA-reactive plasma cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Via this novel technique we were able to distinguish short-lived (SLPCs) and long-lived (LLPCs) autoreactive plasma cells, discriminate dsDNA-specific plasma cells according to their immunoglobulin class (IgG, IgM, and IgA) and investigate autoreactive (dsDNA) and vaccine-induced ovalbumin (Ova) plasma cells in parallel. Conclusions The detection of autoreactive dsDNA-specific plasma cells via immunofluorescence microscopy allows specific studies on pathogenic and protective plasma cell subsets and their niches, detailed evaluation of therapeutic treatments and therefore offers new possibilities for basic and clinical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0811-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Winter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Musiol
- Department of Autoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melissa Schablowsky
- Department of Autoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Autoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Laleh Khodadadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Autoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Functional autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:529-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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38
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Barnadas MA, Rubiales MV, Gich I, Gelpí C. Usefulness of specific anti-desmoglein 1 and 3 enzyme-linked immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence in the evaluation of pemphigus activity. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:1261-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Barnadas
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Sta. Creu i St. Pau; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Ignasi Gich
- Department of Epidemiology; Hospital Sta. Creu i St. Pau; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Gelpí
- Department of Immunology; Hospital Sta. Creu i St. Pau; Barcelona Spain
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Boivin V, Beyersdorf N, Palm D, Nikolaev VO, Schlipp A, Müller J, Schmidt D, Kocoski V, Kerkau T, Hünig T, Ertl G, Lohse MJ, Jahns R. Novel receptor-derived cyclopeptides to treat heart failure caused by anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibodies in a human-analogous rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117589. [PMID: 25700031 PMCID: PMC4336331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances the prognosis of heart failure remains poor. Recent research suggests that heart failure is a heterogeneous syndrome and that many patients have stimulating auto-antibodies directed against the second extracellular loop of the β1 adrenergic receptor (β1EC2). In a human-analogous rat model such antibodies cause myocyte damage and heart failure. Here we used this model to test a novel antibody-directed strategy aiming to prevent and/or treat antibody-induced cardiomyopathy. To generate heart failure, we immunised n = 76/114 rats with a fusion protein containing the human β1EC2 (amino-acids 195-225) every 4 weeks; n = 38/114 rats were control-injected with 0.9% NaCl. Intravenous application of a novel cyclic peptide mimicking β1EC2 (β1EC2-CP, 1.0 mg/kg every 4 weeks) or administration of the β1-blocker bisoprolol (15 mg/kg/day orally) was initiated either 6 weeks (cardiac function still normal, prevention-study, n = 24 (16 treated vs. 8 untreated)) or 8.5 months after the 1st immunisation (onset of cardiomyopathy, therapy-study, n = 52 (40 treated vs. 12 untreated)); n = 8/52 rats from the therapy-study received β1EC2-CP/bisoprolol co-treatment. We found that β1EC2-CP prevented and (alone or as add-on drug) treated antibody-induced cardiac damage in the rat, and that its efficacy was superior to mono-treatment with bisoprolol, a standard drug in heart failure. While bisoprolol mono-therapy was able to stop disease-progression, β1EC2-CP mono-therapy -or as an add-on to bisoprolol- almost fully reversed antibody-induced cardiac damage. The cyclo¬peptide acted both by scavenging free anti-β1EC2-antibodies and by targeting β1EC2-specific memory B-cells involved in antibody-production. Our model provides the basis for the clinical translation of a novel double-acting therapeutic strategy that scavenges harmful anti-β1EC2-antibodies and also selectively depletes memory B-cells involved in the production of such antibodies. Treatment with immuno-modulating cyclopeptides alone or as an add-on to β1-blockade represents a promising new therapeutic option in immune-mediated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Boivin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Palm
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Angela Schlipp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Anatomie I, University of München (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Justus Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Doris Schmidt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kocoski
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Senécal JL, Isabelle C, Fritzler MJ, Targoff IN, Goldstein R, Gagné M, Raynauld JP, Joyal F, Troyanov Y, Dabauvalle MC. An autoimmune myositis-overlap syndrome associated with autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes: description and long-term follow-up of the anti-Nup syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:383-394. [PMID: 25500708 PMCID: PMC4602431 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune myositis encompasses various myositis-overlap syndromes, each being identified by the presence of serum marker autoantibodies. We describe a novel myositis-overlap syndrome in 4 patients characterized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes. The clinical phenotype was characterized by prominent myositis in association with erosive, anti-CCP, and rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, mild interstitial lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, and weight loss. The myositis was typically chronic, relapsing, and refractory to corticosteroids alone, but remitted with the addition of a second immunomodulating drug. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence for liver disease. The prognosis was good with 100% long-term survival (mean follow-up 19.5 yr).By indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, sera from all 4 patients displayed a high titer of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) with a distinct punctate peripheral (rim) fluorescent pattern of the nuclear envelope characteristic of nuclear pore complexes. Reactivity with nuclear pore complexes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In a cohort of 100 French Canadian patients with autoimmune myositis, the nuclear pore complex fluorescent ANA pattern was restricted to these 4 patients (4%). It was not observed in sera from 393 adult patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 112), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 35), systemic lupus (n = 94), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 45), or other rheumatic diseases (n = 107), nor was it observed in 62 normal adults.Autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes were predominantly of IgG isotype. No other IgG autoantibody markers for defined connective tissue diseases or overlap syndromes were present, indicating a selective and highly focused immune response. In 3 patients, anti-nuclear pore complex autoantibody titers varied in parallel with myositis activity, suggesting a pathogenic link to pathophysiology. The nuclear pore complex proteins, that is, nucleoporins (nup), recognized by these sera were heterogeneous and included Nup358/RanBP2 (n = 2 patients), Nup90 (n = 1), Nup62 (n = 1), and gp210 (n = 1). Taken together the data suggest that nup autoantigens themselves drive the anti-nup autoimmune response. Immunogenetically, the 4 patients shared the DQA1*0501 allele associated with an increased risk for autoimmune myositis.In conclusion, we report an apparent novel subset of autoimmune myositis in our population of French Canadian patients with connective tissue diseases. This syndrome is recognized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes that react with nups, consistent with an "anti-nup syndrome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Senécal
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Rheumatology (JLS, CI, JPR, YT) and Internal Medicine (FJ), and Laboratory for Research in Autoimmunity, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Mitogen Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory (MJF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (INT), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States; McGill University (RG), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Polyclinique Saint-Eustache (MG), Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada; Biocenter (MCD), Division of Electron Microscopy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
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Cocco C, Brancia C, D'Amato F, Noli B. Pituitary gonadotropins and autoimmunity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 385:97-104. [PMID: 24153235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disease occurs when the body produces an inappropriate immune response against its own tissues producing antibodies, called autoantibodies, reacting to specific antigens. Studies regarding the presence of an autoimmune process specifically involving gonadotropins date from over than 20 years ago, when antibodies to gonadotropic-secreting cells were found by immunofluorescence in sera from a group of patients affected by cryptorchidism. Later on, antibodies detected by the same technique, and directed to the same cells were also found at high titer in sera from patients affected by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Kallmann's syndrome, lymphocytic hypophysitis with isolated gonadotropin deficiency, as well as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Concerning the autoimmune target/s within the gonadotropic cells, rarely autoantibodies were found labeling gonadotropins while in a large number of cases, auto-antigens remained to be identified. Since pituitary gonadotropins are fundamental for the sexual maturity and reproductive mechanisms, patients with infertility were largely investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of circulating antibodies likely interfering with gonadotropin activity. In infertile women, autoantibodies to gonadotropins were found related to ovarian autoimmunity, ovarian disorders that cause infertility and also associated with in vitro fertilization treatments. In infertile men, autoantibodies to gonadotropins may alter the testicular spermatogenesis and cause apoptosis of the spermatogenic cells. In conclusion, circulating antibodies were found labeling gonadotropic cells and/or gonadotropins, and in both cases they could create dysfunctions in gonadotropin related mechanism. The intriguing question of what can cause the production of such autoantibodies is not clear yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cocco
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Carla Brancia
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filomena D'Amato
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Noli
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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FcRn: from molecular interactions to regulation of IgG pharmacokinetics and functions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:249-72. [PMID: 25116104 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is related to MHC class I with respect to its structure and association with β2microglobulin (β2m). However, by contrast with MHC class I molecules, FcRn does not bind to peptides, but interacts with the Fc portion of IgGs and belongs to the Fc receptor family. Unlike the 'classical' Fc receptors, however, the primary functions of FcRn include salvage of IgG (and albumin) from lysosomal degradation through the recycling and transcytosis of IgG within cells. The characteristic feature of FcRn is pH-dependent binding to IgG, with relatively strong binding at acidic pH (<6.5) and negligible binding at physiological pH (7.3-7.4). FcRn is expressed in many different cell types, and endothelial and hematopoietic cells are the dominant cell types involved in IgG homeostasis in vivo. FcRn also delivers IgG across cellular barriers to sites of pathogen encounter and consequently plays a role in protection against infections, in addition to regulating renal filtration and immune complex-mediated antigen presentation. Further, FcRn has been targeted to develop both IgGs with extended half-lives and FcRn inhibitors that can lower endogenous antibody levels. These approaches have implications for the development of longer lived therapeutics and the removal of pathogenic or deleterious antibodies.
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43
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Adams TL, Marchiori DM. Arthritides. Clin Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-08495-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Giles BM, Boackle SA. Linking complement and anti-dsDNA antibodies in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2013; 55:10-21. [PMID: 22941560 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems resulting in diverse symptoms and outcomes. It is characterized by antibody production to a variety of self-antigens, but it is specifically associated with those against anti-dsDNA. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are present before the onset of clinical disease and are associated with severe manifestations of lupus such as glomerulonephritis. Their levels fluctuate with changes in disease activity and, in combination with the levels of complement proteins C3 and C4, are strong indicators of disease flare and treatment response in patients with lupus. The decreased complement levels that are noted during flares of lupus activity are believed to be secondary to increased autoantibody production and immune complex formation that results in tissue damage; however, recent data suggest that complement activation can also drive development of these pathogenic autoantibodies. This review will explore the various roles of complement in the development and pathogenesis of anti-dsDNA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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45
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Macauley MS, Pfrengle F, Rademacher C, Nycholat CM, Gale AJ, von Drygalski A, Paulson JC. Antigenic liposomes displaying CD22 ligands induce antigen-specific B cell apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3074-83. [PMID: 23722906 DOI: 10.1172/jci69187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies confer humoral immunity but can also be harmful when they target an autoantigen, alloantigen, allergen, or biotherapeutic. New strategies are needed for antigen-specific suppression of undesired antibody responses, particularly to T cell-dependent protein antigens, because they elicit T cell help. Here we show that liposomal nanoparticles, displaying both antigen and glycan ligands of the inhibitory coreceptor CD22, induce a tolerogenic program that selectively causes apoptosis in mouse and human B cells. These SIGLEC-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs, where SIGLEC is defined as sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin) induced robust antigen-specific tolerance to protein antigens in mice, preventing subsequent immune response to challenge with the same antigen. Since development of inhibitory antibodies to FVIII is a serious problem in treatment of hemophilia A patients, we investigated the potential of this approach for inducing tolerance to FVIII in a hemophilia mouse model. STALs prevented formation of inhibitory FVIII antibodies, allowing for effective administration of FVIII to hemophilia mice to prevent bleeding. These findings suggest that STALs could be used to eliminate or prevent harmful B cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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46
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Virus-induced humoral immunity: on how B cell responses are initiated. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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An innovative method to identify autoantigens expressed on the endothelial cell surface: serological identification system for autoantigens using a retroviral vector and flow cytometry (SARF). Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:453058. [PMID: 23401699 PMCID: PMC3562638 DOI: 10.1155/2013/453058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against integral membrane proteins are usually pathogenic. Although anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) are considered to be critical, especially for vascular lesions in collagen diseases, most molecules identified as autoantigens for AECAs are localized within the cell and not expressed on the cell surface. For identification of autoantigens, proteomics and expression library analyses have been performed for many years with some success. To specifically target cell-surface molecules in identification of autoantigens, we constructed a serological identification system for autoantigens using a retroviral vector and flow cytometry (SARF). Here, we present an overview of recent research in AECAs and their target molecules and discuss the principle and the application of SARF. Using SARF, we successfully identified three different membrane proteins: fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, and Pk (Gb3/CD77) from an SLE patient with hemolytic anemia, as targets for AECAs. SARF is useful for specific identification of autoantigens expressed on the cell surface, and identification of such interactions of the cell-surface autoantigens and pathogenic autoantibodies may enable the development of more specific intervention strategies in autoimmune diseases.
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Shirai T, Fujii H, Ono M, Nakamura K, Watanabe R, Tajima Y, Takasawa N, Ishii T, Harigae H. A novel autoantibody against fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 expressed on the endothelial cell surface identified by retroviral vector system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R157. [PMID: 22747982 PMCID: PMC3580549 DOI: 10.1186/ar3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) are thought to be critical for vasculitides in collagen diseases, but most were directed against molecules localized within the cell and not expressed on the cell surface. To clarify the pathogenic roles of AECAs, we constructed a retroviral vector system for identification of autoantigens expressed on the endothelial cell surface. Methods AECA activity in sera from patients with collagen diseases was measured with flow cytometry by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A cDNA library of HUVECs was retrovirally transfected into a rat myeloma cell line, from which AECA-positive clones were sorted with flow cytometry. cDNA of the cells was analyzed to identify an autoantigen, and then the clinical characteristics and the functional significance of the autoantibody were evaluated. Results Two distinct AECA-positive clones were isolated by using serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both clones were identical to cDNA of fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2). HUVECs expressed FLRT2 and the prototype AECA IgG bound specifically to FLRT2-transfected cells. Anti-FLRT2 antibody activity accounted for 21.4% of AECAs in SLE. Furthermore, anti-FLRT2 antibody induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity against FLRT2-expressing cells. Conclusions We identified the membrane protein FLRT2 as a novel autoantigen of AECAs in SLE patients by using the retroviral vector system. Anti-FLRT2 antibody has the potential to induce direct endothelial cell cytotoxicity in about 10% of SLE patients and could be a novel molecular target for intervention. Identification of such a cell-surface target for AECAs may reveal a comprehensive mechanism of vascular injury in collagen diseases.
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Hamdouch K, Rodríguez C, Pérez-Venegas J, Rodríguez I, Astola A, Ortiz M, Yen TJ, Bennani M, Valdivia MM. Anti-CENPI autoantibodies in scleroderma patients with features of autoimmune liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:2267-71. [PMID: 21888900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticentromere autoantibodies have been reported to be associated with scleroderma and serve as a marker in different rheumatic diseases in humans. Major centromere autoantigens described so far include constitutive kinetochore proteins such as CENPA, CENPB, CENPC and CENPH and facultative proteins such as CENPE, CENPF and INCENP. We examined the inner kinetochore component CENPI as a new putative centromere autoantigen in scleroderma patients. METHODS To test for the presence of CENPI centromere autoantibodies, 72 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis were assayed by immunofluorescence and further tested by immunoblots with an Nt-CENPI recombinant protein. RESULTS 8 out of 31 (25.8%) patients diagnosed of scleroderma or Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD) produced anti-CENPI autoantibodies. Epitopes were demonstrated to be located mainly but not exclusively in the N-terminal domain of the human CENPI protein. Five of the 8 (62.5%) CENPI positive sera also had other autoantibodies related to primary biliary cirrhosis. Further, two patients (25%) with anti-CENPI autoantibodies had concurrent diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that CENPI, a centromere protein that localizes to the inner kinetochore structure, is a human autoantigen. The significance of anti-CENPI autoantibodies could be relevant in scleroderma patients as a marker for concurrent autoimmune liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Hamdouch
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Backes C, Ludwig N, Leidinger P, Harz C, Hoffmann J, Keller A, Meese E, Lenhof HP. Immunogenicity of autoantigens. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:340. [PMID: 21726451 PMCID: PMC3149588 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies against self-antigens have been associated not only with autoimmune diseases, but also with cancer and are even found in healthy individuals. The mechanism causing the autoantibody response remains elusive for the majority of the immunogenic antigens. To deepen the understanding of autoantibody responses, we ask whether natural-occurring, autoimmunity-associated and tumor-associated antigens have structural or biological features related to the immune response. To this end, we have carried out the most comprehensive in-silicio study of different groups of autoantigens including large antigen sets identified by our groups combined with publicly available antigen sets. Results We found evidence for an enrichment of genes with a larger exon length increasing the probability of the occurrence of potential immunogenic features such as mutations, SNPs, immunogenic sequence patterns and structural epitopes, or alternative splicing events. While SNPs seem to play a more central role in autoimmunity, somatic mutations seem to be stronger enriched in tumor-associated antigens. In addition, antigens of autoimmune diseases are different from other antigen sets in that they appear preferentially secreted, have frequently an extracellular location, and they are enriched in pathways associated with the immune system. Furthermore, for autoantibodies in general, we found enrichment of sequence-based properties including coiled-coils motifs, ELR motifs, and Zinc finger DNA-binding motifs. Moreover, we found enrichment of proteins binding to proteins or nucleic acids including RNA and enrichment of proteins that are part of ribosome or spliceosome. Both, homologies to proteins of other species and an enrichment of ancient protein domains indicate that immunogenic proteins are evolutionary conserved and that mimicry might play a central role. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that proteins which i) are evolutionary conserved, ii) show specific sequence motifs, and iii) are part of cellular structures show an increased likelihood to become autoimmunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Backes
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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