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Kaimala S, Lootah SS, Mehra N, Kumar CA, Marzooqi SA, Sampath P, Ansari SA, Emerald BS. The Long Non-Coding RNA Obesity-Related (Obr) Contributes To Lipid Metabolism Through Epigenetic Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401939. [PMID: 38704700 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is part of today's epidemic and also increases the risk of other metabolic diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) provide one tier of regulatory mechanisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Although lncRNAs are a significant constituent of the mammalian genome, studies aimed at their metabolic significance, including obesity, are only beginning to be addressed. Here, a developmentally regulated lncRNA, termed as obesity related (Obr), whose expression in metabolically relevant tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas is altered in diet-induced obesity, is identified. The Clone 9 cell line and high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats are used as a model system to verify the function of Obr. By using stable expression and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated downregulation of the expression of Obr followed by different molecular biology experiments, its role in lipid metabolism is verified. It is shown that Obr associates with the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and activates different transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism. Its association with the Creb histone acetyltransferase complex, which includes the cAMP response element-binding protein (CBP) and p300, positively regulates the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, Obr is regulated by Pparγ in response to lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Shareena Saeed Lootah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Neha Mehra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Challagandla Anil Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Saeeda Al Marzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Prabha Sampath
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratory, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine, Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine, Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
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Rahman MA, Islam MM, Ripon MAR, Islam MM, Hossain MS. Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00805-z. [PMID: 37393414 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome refers to a group of several disease conditions together with high glucose triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein level, and large waist circumference. About 400 million people worldwide, one-third of the Euro-American population and 27% Chinese population over age 50 have it. microRNAs, an abundant novel class of endogenous small, non-coding RNAs in eukaryotic cells, act as negative controllers of gene expression by promoting either degradation/translational repression of target messenger RNA. More than 2000 microRNAs in the human genome have been identified and they are implicated in various biological & pathophysiological processes, including glucose homeostasis, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis. Destruction of microRNAs has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Recently the discovery of circulating microRNAs in human serum may help to promote metabolic crosstalk between organs and serves as a novel approach for the identification of various diseases, like Type 2 diabetes & atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the most recent and up-to-date research on the pathophysiology and histopathology of metabolic syndrome besides their historical background and epidemiological highlight. As well as search the methodologies employed in this field of research and the potential role of microRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome in the human body. Furthermore, the significance of microRNAs in promising strategies, like stem cell therapy, which holds enormous promise for regenerative medicine in the treatment of metabolic disorders will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Ripon
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
- Bangladesh Obesity Research Network (BORN), Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Chen HH, Hsu HT, Liao MH, Teng MS. Effects of Sex and Obesity on LEP Variant and Leptin Level Associations in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012275. [PMID: 36293132 PMCID: PMC9603873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), for which obesity and genetics are known risk factors, is a chronic process that alters the structure and function of the intervertebral discs (IVD). Circulating leptin is positively correlated with body weight and is often measured to elucidate the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration. In this study, we examined the associations of LEP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genetic and environmental effects with IVDD. A total of 303 Taiwanese patients with IVDD (mean age, 58.6 ± 12.7 years) undergoing cervical discectomy for neck pain or lumbar discectomy for back pain were enrolled. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits measured the circulating plasma leptin levels. TaqMan SNP genotyping assays genotyped the LEP SNPs rs2167270 and rs7799039. Leptin levels were significantly increased in obese individuals (p < 0.001) and non-obese or obese women (p < 0.001). In the dominant model, recoded minor alleles of rs2167270 and rs7799039 were associated with higher leptin levels in all individuals (p = 0.011, p = 0.012). Further, the association between these LEP SNPs and leptin levels was significant only in obese women (p = 0.025 and p = 0.008, respectively). There was an interaction effect between sex and obesity, particularly among obese women (interaction p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that these SNPs have sex-specific associations with BMI in IVDD patients, and that obesity and sex, particularly among obese women, may modify the LEP transcription effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hong Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Liao
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-6628-9779 (ext. 5790); Fax: +886-2-6628-9009
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Duis J, Butler MG. Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Obesity: Underlying Genetic Causes in Humans. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101154. [PMID: 35680611 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports syndromic and nonsyndromic causes of obesity, including genome-wide association studies, candidate gene analysis, advanced genetic technology using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and identification of copy number variants. Identification of susceptibility genes impacts mechanistic understanding and informs precision medicine. The cause of obesity is heterogeneous with complex biological processes playing a role by controlling peptides involved in regulating appetite and food intake, cellular energy, and metabolism. Evidence for heritability shows genetic components contributing to 40%-70% of obesity. Monogenic causes and obesity-related syndromes are discussed and illustrated as well as biological pathways, gene interactions, and factors contributing to the obesity phenotype. Over 550 obesity-related single genes have been identified and summarized in tabular form with approximately 20% of these genes have been added to obesity gene panels for testing by commercially available laboratories. Early studies show that about 10% of patients with severe obesity using NGS testing have a pathogenic gene variant. Discussion to help characterize gene-gene interactions and disease mechanisms for early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors contributing to disease is incorporated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Duis
- Section of Genetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Division of Research and Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Stasi A, Cosola C, Caggiano G, Cimmarusti MT, Palieri R, Acquaviva PM, Rana G, Gesualdo L. Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: Principal Mechanisms and New Approaches in Nutritional Management. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925619. [PMID: 35811945 PMCID: PMC9263700 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of our era and its incidence is supposed to increase by more than 30% by 2030. It is commonly defined as a chronic and metabolic disease with an excessive accumulation of body fat in relation to fat-free mass, both in terms of quantity and distribution at specific points on the body. The effects of obesity have an important impact on different clinical areas, particularly endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology. Indeed, increased rates of obesity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension, renal diseases, and neurocognitive impairment. Obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been ascribed to intrarenal fat accumulation along the proximal tubule, glomeruli, renal sinus, and around the kidney capsule, and to hemodynamic changes with hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and impaired glomerular filtration rate. In addition, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, which arise as a consequence of overweight, contribute to amplifying renal dysfunction in both the native and transplanted kidney. Overall, several mechanisms are closely related to the onset and progression of CKD in the general population, including changes in renal hemodynamics, neurohumoral pathways, renal adiposity, local and systemic inflammation, dysbiosis of microbiota, insulin resistance, and fibrotic process. Unfortunately, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with obesity-related CKD. Therefore, dietary management is based on the clinical practice guidelines for the nutritional care of adults with CKD, developed and published by the National Kidney Foundation, Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative and common recommendations for the healthy population. Optimal nutritional management of these patients should follow the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet, which is known to be associated with a lower incidence of CVD and beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cognitive health. Mediterranean-style diets are often unsuccessful in promoting efficient weight loss, especially in patients with altered glucose metabolism. For this purpose, this review also discusses the use of non-classical weight loss approaches in CKD, including intermittent fasting and ketogenic diet to contrast the onset and progression of obesity-related CKD.
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Madeo SF, Stanghellini I, Predieri B, Ciancia S, Leo F, Bruzzi P, Calabrese O, Iughetti L. Copy Number Variation Analysis Increases the Number of Candidate Loci Associated with Pediatric Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:251-262. [PMID: 34482307 DOI: 10.1159/000519299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Currently, only a small number of obese children undergo genetic analysis, usually when obesity is associated with dysmorphic features. The aim of this study was to identify genomic rearrangement causing obesity. METHODS We analyzed the DNA of children and adolescents by single-nucleotide polymorphism-array (platform CytoScan HD, Affymetrix). Patients included in this study were obese with dysmorphic features and/or intellectual disabilities and/or neuropsychomotor signs. RESULTS Ninety-four children and adolescents with obesity (9.25 ± 4.04 years old, 60 males) were enrolled in the study. Dysmorphic features were found in 64 out of 94 subjects (68.1%), intellectual disability was found in 23 subjects (24.5%), and other neuropsychomotor signs in 31 (32.9%). Copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in 43 out of 94 patients (45.7%): among these 14 subjects showed at least 1 deletion, 22 duplication, whereas 7 patients showed both deletion and duplication. In 20 subjects (13 males), CNVs were linked or possibly related with obesity; in 23 subjects, this correlation cannot be inferred. CONCLUSION A genetic origin of obesity was detected in about half of our obese children and adolescents with associated dysmorphic features and/or intellectual disability and/or neuropsychomotor signs. In these children, array-CGH analysis can be useful to identify causative genetic mutations, with consequent advantage in therapeutic management and follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Filomena Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanghellini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Leo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga Calabrese
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Khanna D, Khanna S, Khanna P, Kahar P, Patel BM. Obesity: A Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Its Markers. Cureus 2022; 14:e22711. [PMID: 35386146 PMCID: PMC8967417 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, the world is facing a major public health concern. Obesity is a complex disease associated with an increase in several inflammatory markers, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. Of multifactorial etiology, it is often used as a measurement of morbidity and mortality. There remains much unknown regarding the association between obesity and inflammation. This review seeks to compile scientific literature on obesity and its associated inflammatory markers in chronic disease and further discusses the role of adipose tissue, macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, fatty acids, amino acids, adipokines, and hormones in obesity. Data were obtained using PubMed and Google Scholar. Obesity, inflammation, immune cells, hormones, fatty acids, and others were search words used to acquire relevant articles. Studies suggest brown adipose tissue is negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Researchers also found the adipose tissue of lean individuals predominantly secretes anti-inflammatory markers, while in obese individuals more pro-inflammatory markers are secreted. Many studies found that adipose tissue in obese individuals showed a shift in immune cells from anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which was also correlated with insulin resistance. Obese individuals generally present with higher levels of hormones such as leptin, visfatin, and resistin. With obesity on the rise globally, it is predicted that severe obesity will become most common amongst low-income adults, black individuals, and women by 2030, making the need for intervention urgent. Further investigation into the association between obesity and inflammation is required to understand the mechanism behind this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Siya Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Pragya Khanna
- Pediatrics, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
| | - Payal Kahar
- Department of Health Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
| | - Bhavesh M Patel
- Pediatrics, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
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Bansal S, Kharbanda C, Aneja P. Role and significance of ghrelin and leptin in hunger, satiety, and energy homeostasis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jss.jss_126_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nabila MT, Tsani AFA, Rahadiyanti A, Dieny FF. Pengaruh Pemberian Diet Isokalori Tinggi Serat terhadap Tingkat Satiety pada Kelompok Usia Dewasa Awal. AMERTA NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i3.2021.237-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Belum banyak penelitian yang membandingkan pengaruh diet tinggi serat larut air dan diet tinggi serat tidak larut air terhadap tingkat satiety.Tujuan:Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian diet isokalori tinggi serat terhadap tingkat satiety pada kelompok usia dewasa awal status gizi normal.Metode: Penelitian eksperimentaldengan rancangan pre-post group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 16 orang dewasa awal usia 20-23 tahun (10 perempuan dan 6 laki-laki) yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Semua subjek diberikan 2 jenis diet isokalori dengan rasio serat larut air : serat tidak larut air sebesar 3:2 dan 1:3 dengan masing-masing wash out period selama 1 hari. Energi yang diberikan sebesar 20% dari total kebutuhan masing-masing subjek. Variabel yang diukur adalah tingkat satiety yang terdiri dari tingkat desire to eat, hunger, fullness dan prospective food consumption/PFC menggunakan kuesioner Visual Analogue Scale. Analisis statistik menggunakan paired t-test, wilcoxon, mann-whitney dan independent t-test.Hasil: Diet tinggi serat larut air memiliki efek lebih lama 1 jam dalam menekan hunger dan desire to eat dan memiliki efek lebih lama 30 menit dalam menekan PFC dibandingkan diet tinggi serat tidak larut air, namun kedua diet tersebut sama-sama baik dalam meningkatkan fullness hingga 3 jam setelah intervensi.Kesimpulan: Pemberian diet tinggi serat dapat menekan tingkat desire to eat, hunger, PFC dan meningkatkan fullness. Diet tinggi serat larut air mempunyai efek lebih lama terhadap tingkat satiety dibandingkan diet tinggi serat tidak larut air.
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Neuromedin U, a Key Molecule in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084238. [PMID: 33921859 PMCID: PMC8074168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a public health concern. The leading cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between ingested and expended calories. The mechanisms of feeding behavior and energy metabolism are regulated by a complex of various kinds of molecules, including anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. One of these neuropeptides, neuromedin U (NMU), was isolated in the 1980s, and its specific receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, were defined in 2000. A series of subsequent studies has revealed many of the physiological roles of the NMU system, including in feeding behavior, energy expenditure, stress responses, circadian rhythmicity, and inflammation. Particularly over the past decades, many reports have indicated that the NMU system plays an essential and direct role in regulating body weight, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and insulin secretion, which are tightly linked to obesity pathophysiology. Furthermore, another ligand of NMU receptors, NMS (neuromedin S), was identified in 2005. NMS has physiological functions similar to those of NMU. This review summarizes recent observations of the NMU system in relation to the pathophysiology of obesity in both the central nervous systems and the peripheral tissues.
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The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030196. [PMID: 33800718 PMCID: PMC7999028 DOI: 10.3390/children8030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.
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Wallis N, Raffan E. The Genetic Basis of Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases in Humans and Companion Animals. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1378. [PMID: 33233816 PMCID: PMC7699880 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most prevalent health conditions in humans and companion animals globally. It is associated with premature mortality, metabolic dysfunction, and multiple health conditions across species. Obesity is, therefore, of importance in the fields of medicine and veterinary medicine. The regulation of adiposity is a homeostatic process vulnerable to disruption by a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. It is well established that the heritability of obesity is high in humans and laboratory animals, with ample evidence that the same is true in companion animals. In this review, we provide an overview of how genes link to obesity in humans, drawing on a wealth of information from laboratory animal models, and summarise the mechanisms by which obesity causes related disease. Throughout, we focus on how large-scale human studies and niche investigations of rare mutations in severely affected patients have improved our understanding of obesity biology and can inform our ability to interpret results of animal studies. For dogs, cats, and horses, we compare the similarities in obesity pathophysiology to humans and review the genetic studies that have been previously reported in those species. Finally, we discuss how veterinary genetics may learn from humans about studying precise, nuanced phenotypes and implementing large-scale studies, but also how veterinary studies may be able to look past clinical findings to mechanistic ones and demonstrate translational benefits to human research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor Raffan
- Anatomy Building, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK;
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Bai N, Gan Y, Li X, Gao S, Yu W, Wang R, Chang J. The role of chlorine atom on the binding between acrylonitrile derivatives and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2880. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bai
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Ya Gan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xitong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Shuting Gao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Ruiyong Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Evolution of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Romanian Obese Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: One Year Follow-Up. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080308. [PMID: 32731443 PMCID: PMC7464585 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Geography is one of the key drivers of the significant variation in the etiopathogenic profile and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, therefore geographically based data are fundamental for implementing the appropriate interventions. Presently, the selection criteria of T2DM and obesity patients for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) have not reached a worldwide consensus—highlighting the need for sharing experts’ guidance in the preoperative evaluation, choice of the interventional procedure, perioperative management and patient long-term care. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of LSG on T2DM (T2DM) remission in Romanian obese male patients, based on a multiparametric, prospective investigation. We have conducted a randomized controlled study on 41 obese male participants with the body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, aged 30–65 years, which were randomly divided in two study groups: one receiving conventional treatment and the second undergoing LSG. The clinical and anthropometrical parameters, resting metabolic rate, general biochemical status, adipocytes profile, gastrointestinal hormones levels, proinflammatory, oxidant and antioxidant profiles were determined at three time points: V1 (baseline), V2 (after six months) and V3 (after 12 months). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose levels, BMI, weight, visceral fat level, HDL-cholesterol, incretin hormones, proinflammatory and the oxidative stress status were significantly improved in the LSG versus conventional treatment group. This is the first study reporting on the evaluation of metabolic surgery impact on Romanian obese male patients with T2DM. Our results confirm that LSG could contribute to T2DM remission in patients with diabesity, but this beneficial effect seems to be critically influenced by the duration of T2DM rather than by the obesity status. Our results show that, in addition to the parameters included in the prediction algorithm, the proinsulin levels, proinsulin/insulin ratio and the visceral fat percentage could bring added value to the assessment of metabolic status.
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Mir-193b Regulates the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Bovine Adipose Cells by Targeting the ACSS2/AKT Axis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081265. [PMID: 32722316 PMCID: PMC7459776 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise functions and molecular mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) in adipocytes are primarily unknown. Studies have demonstrated that miR-193b plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of preadipocytes. Herein, we evaluated the effects of bta-miR-193b on the growth and development of adipocytes, using the EdU cell proliferation method, flow cytometry analysis, CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and oil red O staining. We observed that the overexpression of bta-miR-193b significantly affected the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of adipocytes. The results of the dual-fluorescent reporter vector experiments demonstrated that bta-miR-193b directly targeted Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2). Additionally, the effects of ACSS2 overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis in adipose cells were the opposite of those induced by bta-miR-193b. We also demonstrated that ACSS2 can significantly promote the expression of AKT and pAKT proteins. Therefore, this study presents a novel mechanism by which bta-miR-193b regulates adipocyte development by targeting ACSS2.
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Bains V, Kaur H, Badaruddoza B. Association analysis of polymorphisms in LEP (rs7799039 and rs2167270) and LEPR (rs1137101) gene towards the development of type 2 diabetes in North Indian Punjabi population. Gene 2020; 754:144846. [PMID: 32512158 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a major risk factor in aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin (LEP) is an anti-obesity hormone which regulates food intake, energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. The genetic variants in leptin and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) may play major role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and obesity. The current study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in LEP (rs7799039, -2548G/A and rs2167270, 19G/A) and LEPR (rs1137101, 668A/G) gene with type 2 diabetes in North Indian Punjabi population. METHODS A total of 817 subjects were included for the present case-control study, consisting of 417 T2DM patients and 400 healthy controls. The anthropometric, physiometric and biochemical measurements were taken from all the subjects. The genotyping of LEP and LEPR gene variants were carried out by polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP), followed by genotyping of 10% of the samples for each polymorphism by Sanger sequencing method for quality control measurement. RESULTS The risk genotype frequencies were found to be significantly higher in T2DM cases than control subjects (rs7799039, p = 0.001; rs2167270, p = 0.019 and rs1137101, p = 0.003). Under recessive genetic model LEPrs7799039 and LEPRrs1137101 polymorphism conferred 3.4 and 2.1 fold risk towards the development of T2DM after adjustment of various covariates (OR = 3.44, 95%CI: 1.768-6.681, p = 0.001 and OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.256-3.569, p = 0.005, respectively). In the stratified analysis of LEP variant rs7799039 by age, gender, BMI and alcohol use, a significantly increased risk of T2DM was found in female, BMI ≥ 23 and never drinking subgroups. However, in the LEPR variant rs1137101, significantly increased risk of T2DM was observed in age <50, male, BMI ≥ 23 and never drinking subgroup. The A-G haplotype combination of rs7799039A and rs2167270G conferred significant 2 fold risk towards T2DM (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.34-4.12, p = 0.002). In control group, the genetic variants rs7799039 and rs1137101 were significantly associated with levels of random blood sugar and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the association of LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which suggest its predominant role in the estimation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian Punjabi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Bains
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India
| | - Harjit Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India
| | - Badaruddoza Badaruddoza
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India.
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Rosenbaum JL, Frayo RS, Melhorn SJ, Cummings DE, Schur EA. Effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the body weight regulatory system in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E863-E870. [PMID: 31322412 PMCID: PMC6879866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00110.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of multiple cycles of weight loss and regain on the defended body weight in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into three weight-matched groups: weight cyclers (n = 18), ad libitum-fed controls (n = 9), and maturity controls (n = 9). Cyclers underwent four rounds of 20% weight loss from 50% caloric restriction, each cycle followed by recovery to stable plateau weight on ad libitum feeding. Controls ate ad libitum. Maturity controls ate ad libitum and then weight cycled the final two rounds to evaluate the effect of age in later cycles. Cyclers' postdiet plateau weight became progressively lower than that of controls. With each weight loss, ghrelin increased, while insulin and leptin decreased; the magnitude of these changes did not differ across cycles. After four rounds, cyclers' weight (504 ± 7 vs. 540 ± 22 g; P < 0.05) and percent body fat (11.7 vs. 15.2%; P < 0.05) were lower than in controls. After a 4-mo follow-up period of ad libitum feeding, cyclers maintained a lower total fat-pad mass versus controls (8.6 ± 0.5 vs. 15.9 ± 3.6 g; P < 0.01) and a lower glucose area-under-the-curve on oral glucose tolerance tests (P < 0.05). Repeated weight-loss cycles exerted positive effects, durably lowering defended levels of body adiposity and improving glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rosenbaum
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - R Scott Frayo
- Laboratory of Renal Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan J Melhorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David E Cummings
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Seattle Veterans Administration Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ellen A Schur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
Obesity and excess weight are a pandemic phenomenon in the modern world. Childhood and adolescent obesity often ends up in obesity in adults. The costs of obesity and its consequences are staggering for any society, crippling for countries in development. Childhood obesity is also widespread in Macedonia. Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and carbohydrate intolerance are found in significant numbers. Parents and grandparents are often obese. Some of the children are either dysmorphic, or slightly retarded. We have already described patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome or WAGR syndrome. A genetic screening for mutations in monogenic obesity in children with early, rapid-onset or severe obesity, severe hyperphagia, hypogonadism, intestinal dysfunction, hypopigmentation of hair and skin, postprandial hypoglycaemia, diabetes insipidus, abnormal leptin level and coexistence of lean and obese siblings in the family discovers many genetic forms of obesity. There are about 30 monogenic forms of obesity. In addition, obesity is different in ethnic groups, and the types of monogenic obesity differ. In brief, an increasing number of genes and genetic mechanisms in children continue to be discovered. This sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms of obesity and potentially gives a target for new forms of treatment.
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microRNA-16-5p promotes 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through regulating EPT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1251-1256. [PMID: 31109647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is an organized process of cellular differentiation by which pre-adipocytes differentiate towards mature adipocytes. miR-16-5p has been reported to be involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. However little is known about miR-16-5p functional role in 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we found that miRNA-16-5p was significantly upregulated during 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation towards mature adipocytes. Over-expression of miRNA-16-5p promoted mature adipocytes specific genes expression and fat droplet accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile we have identified EPT1 as the target gene of miRNA-16-5p. Taken together, our data provided evidence to support that miRNA-16-5p promotes adipocyte differentiation by suppressing EPT1.
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Sanghera DK, Bejar C, Sharma S, Gupta R, Blackett PR. Obesity genetics and cardiometabolic health: Potential for risk prediction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1088-1100. [PMID: 30667137 PMCID: PMC6530772 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity worldwide and its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an opportunity for evaluation of preventive approaches. Both obesity and CVD have a genetic background and polymorphisms within genes which enhance expression of variant proteins that influence CVD in obesity. Genome-based prediction may therefore be a feasible strategy, but the identification of genetically driven risk factors for CVD manifesting as clinically recognized phenotypes is a major challenge. Clusters of such risk factors include hyperglycaemia, hypertension, ectopic liver fat, and inflammation. All involve multiple genetic pathways having complex interactions with variable environmental influences. The factors that make significant contributions to CVD risk include altered carbohydrate homeostasis, ectopic deposition of fat in muscle and liver, and inflammation, with contributions from the gut microbiome. A futuristic model depends on harnessing the predictive power of plausible genetic variants, phenotype reversibility, and effective therapeutic choices based on genotype-phenotype interactions. Inverting disease phenotypes into ideal cardiovascular health metrics could improve genetic and epigenetic assessment, and form the basis of a future model for risk detection and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Academic Research Development Unit, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Piers R. Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
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Huang H, Liao D, Zou Y, Chi H. The effects of chitosan supplementation on body weight and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1815-1825. [PMID: 30990059 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1602822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although several clinical trials studied the efficacy of chitosan on weight loss, controversial results have been found. Herein, we evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chitosan consumption in adult participants on body weight and body composition through a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA). We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases. The primary body composition indices including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, and hip circumference were extracted. The quality of included articles was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the random-effects models and calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity investigated using I2 statistics. TSA, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression and publication bias were also evaluated. Overall, 15 eligible trials (18 treatment arms) with 1130 subjects were included. The pooled analyses revealed a significant reduction in body weight (WMD, -0.89 kg; 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.38; P = 0.0006), BMI (WMD, -0.39 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.64 to -0.14; P = 0.002) and body fat (WMD, -0.69%; 95% CI, -1.02 to -0.35; P = 0.0001) receiving chitosan supplementation. Subgroup analyses also showed that consuming chitosan in dose (>2.4 g/d), shorter-term (<12 weeks), studies with parallel design and studies including participants with obese or overweight had positive effects on body composition. TSA provided conclusive evidence for the benefit of chitosan supplementation. Our findings provided evidence that chitosan consumption might be a useful adjunctive pharmacological therapeutic tool for body weight management particularly in overweight/obese participants. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target body weight and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify and summarize current evidence describing periodontal complications associated with obesity. Electronic searches supplemented with manual searches were carried out to identify relevant systematic reviews. Identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies were performed independently by two reviewers. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the included reviews. From 430 titles and abstracts screened, 14 systematic reviews were considered as eligible for inclusion in this meta-review. Eight reviews reported on cross-sectional studies investigating the association of obesity and periodontal diseases, 4 included longitudinal studies, 5 addressed response to periodontal therapy, 5 reported on studies investigating biomarkers, and only 2 were related to pediatric population samples. Systematic review summaries in the various study design domains (cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental) report that obese individuals are more likely to have periodontal diseases, with more severe periodontal conditions, than nonobese individuals, with cross-sectional evidence congruent with longitudinal studies showing that obesity or weight gain increases the risk of periodontitis onset and progression. Published research on the effect of obesity on responses to periodontal therapy, or systemic or local biomarkers of inflammation, is variable and therefore inconclusive based on the evidence currently available, which suggests that overweight/obesity contributes to periodontal complications independently of other risk factors, such as age, gender, smoking, or ethnicity. This evidence supports the need for risk assessments for individual patients to facilitate personalized approaches in order to prevent and treat periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Suvan
- Unit of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Finer
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
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Xie Y, Zhou G, Wang C, Xu X, Li C. Specific Microbiota Dynamically Regulate the Bidirectional Gut-Brain Axis Communications in Mice Fed Meat Protein Diets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1003-1017. [PMID: 30541283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the dynamic changes of different protein diets to gut microbiota and explore the influence on communications between the gut and the brain. C57BL/6J mice were fed casein, soy protein, and four kinds of processed meat proteins at a normal dose of 20% for 8 months. Bacteroidales S24-7 abundance increased from 4 to 8 months, whereas the abundances of six genera including Akkermansia decreased remarkably. Lachnospiraceae Unclassified abundance in the emulsion-type sausage protein and stewed pork protein groups showed an opposite change from 4 to 8 months. Twenty-eight and 48 specific operational taxonomy units in cecum and colon respectively were involved in regulating serotonin, peptide YY, leptin, and insulin levels. Specific microbiota was involved, directly or indirectly through signaling molecules, in the regulation of body metabolism, which may affect the communications between the gut and brain and cause different growth performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
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Kaur H, Badaruddoza B, Bains V, Kaur A. Genetic association of ADIPOQ gene variants (-3971A>G and +276G>T) with obesity and metabolic syndrome in North Indian Punjabi population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204502. [PMID: 30265726 PMCID: PMC6161880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At present obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in India are the most challenging health problems. It is also well accepted that obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and other degenerative diseases. Many studies have reported that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene have been associated with obesity and its related disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of two intronic variants in ADIPOQ gene, -3971A>G (rs822396) and +276G>T (rs1501299) with obesity and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were obtained from a total of 550 unrelated subjects (obese = 250 and non-obese = 300) of North Indian Punjabi population. Genotyping for the intron variants were performed by polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. After genotyping, as a quality control measure 10% of the samples for each polymorphism were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing method. The distributions of genotypic and allelic frequencies among obese and non-obese groups were compared by chi-square test and the corresponding risk was calculated using binary logistic regression. The effects of multiple testing were controlled by applying Bonferroni corrections. RESULTS All the anthropometric and biochemical parameters except triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C) have shown significant association with both GG and TT genotypes of -3971A>G (rs822396) and +276G>T (rs1501299) polymorphisms respectively. The frequencies of GG (-3971A>G) and TT (+276G>T) genotypes were higher among obese cases (p = 0.008 and p = 0.035 respectively). However, no significant association was found between allelic frequencies of ADIPOQ rs822396 and obesity, whereas the association of ADIPOQ rs1501299 attenuated and became marginally significant after Bonferroni correction (p>0.025). Both the variant genotypes of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms (-3971GG and +276TT) significantly increased the risk of development of obesity (OR: 1.52, p = 0.03; OR: 1.58, p = 0.04 respectively) and MetS (OR: 1.42, p = 0.03; OR: 1.57, p = 0.01 respectively) in the present population, after adjusting the various covariates. The G-T haplotype model (possessing -3971G and +276T alleles) was shown toprovide ~ 3 fold risk towards the obesity susceptibility (OR: 2.69, p = 0.009) and MetS risk (OR: 2.73, p = 0.009) and the association persisted after adjusting for different confounding variables. CONCLUSION The present study has confirmed that ADIPOQ -3971A>G (rs822396) and +276G>T (rs1501299) polymorphism may be clinically helpful to estimate obesity and MetS risk in North Indian Punjabi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Veena Bains
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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25
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Priest M. Are Obese Children Abused Children? Hastings Cent Rep 2018; 48:31-41. [DOI: 10.1002/hast.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
In the majority of patients with morbid obesity, metabolic/bariatric surgery leads to relevant and sustained weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities, quality of life and functionality. Moreover, the associated reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular events and cancerous diseases has been shown to improve life expectations. Due to its excellent antidiabetic effect, the currently valid national S3 guidelines now recommend metabolic/bariatric surgery in patients who have a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 with poorly controlled diabetes. The Edmonton staging system enables a multidimensional consideration of the severity grade of obesity for each individual patient independent of the BMI. Patients with relevant obesity-related metabolic comorbidities should be prioritized for treatment and if possible before the occurrence of end-organ damage that is at least in some cases irreversible and which also increases the perioperative risk. Therapeutic goals for each individual patient should be carefully defined preoperatively in order to mediate realistic expectations. Unrealistic expectations, such as "surgery solves my problems", "surgery makes me more beautiful", "surgery eliminates stigma", and "surgery guarantees success", are common in bariatric surgery patients. These unrealistic expectations can lead to frustration and to severe psychological decompensation and need to be addressed as early as possible by an interdisciplinary team. Redundancies, conclusive and empathic communication in the team improve therapy adherence, the expectations and therefore the overall outcome.
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Zaiou M, El Amri H, Bakillah A. The clinical potential of adipogenesis and obesity-related microRNAs. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:91-111. [PMID: 29170059 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem commonly associated with numerous metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases are believed to arise through complex interplay between genetics and epigenetics predisposition, nutrition, environment, and lifestyle. However, the molecular basis and the repertoire of obesity-affecting factors are still unknown. Emerging evidence is connecting microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation with adipogenesis and obesity. Alteration in miRNAs expression could result in changes in the pattern of genes controlling a range of biological processes including inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Hence, understanding exact roles of miRNAs as well as the degree of their contribution to the regulation of adipogenesis and fat cell development in obesity would provide new therapeutic targets for the development of novel and effective anti-obesity drugs. The objective of the current review is to: (i) discuss some of the latest development on relevant miRNAs dysregulation mainly in human adipogenesis and obesity, (ii) emphasize the role of circulating miRNAs as new promising therapeutics and attractive potential biomarkers for treating obesity and associated risk factor diseases, (iii) describe how dietary factors may influence obesity through modulation of miRNAs expression, (iv) highlight some of the actual limitations to the promise of miRNAs as novel therapeutics as well as to their translation for the benefit of patients, and finally (v) provide recommendations for future research on miRNA-based therapeutics that could lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaiou
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - H El Amri
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Gendarmerie Royale, Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Bakillah
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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Maia-Landim A, Ramírez JM, Lancho C, Poblador MS, Lancho JL. Long-term effects of Garcinia cambogia/Glucomannan on weight loss in people with obesity, PLIN4, FTO and Trp64Arg polymorphisms. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29361938 PMCID: PMC5781311 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are considered major health problems that contribute to increase mortality and quality of life. Both conditions have a high prevalence across the world reaching epidemic numbers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the administration of Garcinia cambogia (GC) and Glucomannan (GNN) on long-term weight loss in people with overweight or obesity. METHODS Prospective, not-randomized controlled intervention trial was conducted. We treated 214 subjects with overweight or obesity with GC and GNN (500 mg twice a day, each) for 6 months evaluating weight, fat mass, visceral fat, basal metabolic rate, and lipid and glucose blood profiles comparing them with basal values. Some patients were carriers of polymorphisms PLIN4 -11482G > A-, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) -rs9939609 A/T- and β-adrenergic receptor 3 (ADRB3) -Trp64Arg. RESULTS Treatment produced weight loss, reducing fat mass, visceral fat, lipid and blood glucose profiles while increasing basal metabolic rate. Results were independent of sex, age or suffering from hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 or dyslipidemia and were attenuated in carriers of PLIN4, FTO, Trp64Arg polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Administration of GC and GNN reduce weight and improve lipid and glucose blood profiles in people with overweight or obesity, although the presence of polymorphisms PLIN4, FTO and ADRB3 might hinder in some degree these effects. ISRCTN78807585, 19 September 2017, retrospective study.
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Sethi P, Thillai M, Nain PS, Ahuja A, Aulakh N, Khurana P. Role of Hunger Hormone "Ghrelin" in Long-Term Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Niger J Surg 2018; 24:121-124. [PMID: 30283224 PMCID: PMC6158981 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_24_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular weight loss technique in morbidly obese patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in plasma ghrelin levels in relation to weight loss following LSG and to study the efficacy of LSG in terms of long-term glycemic control and resolution of diabetes. Methodology The study was conducted on 70 morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] >40 kg/m2) or severely obese patients (BMI >35 kg/m2) with comorbidities who underwent LSG in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India. Ghrelin levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months along with measurements of various weight loss parameters and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results A significant decrease in plasma ghrelin levels was observed in relation to the mean weight and percentage excess weight loss at 3 months postoperatively. However, at 6 months, fall in ghrelin reached a plateau phase while weight loss was still sustained and significant. There was a significant fall in glycosylated hemoglobin levels with patients achieving good control/resolution of diabetes Type II. Conclusion LSG is an effective weight loss surgery and brings about excellent weight loss in morbidly obese individuals in addition to achievement of good glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Serum levels of ghrelin fall significantly after sleeve gastrectomy. However, long term implications of ghrelin induced weight loss cannot be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Sethi
- Department of GI Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Thillai
- Department of GI Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Prabhdeep Singh Nain
- Department of Surgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Navpreet Aulakh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Preetika Khurana
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa al'Absi
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812-2487, USA.
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31
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Scroyen I, Hemmeryckx B, Lijnen HR. From mice to men – mouse models in obesity research: What can we learn? Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:634-40. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
summaryObesity has become a world-wide epidemic and is associated with diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Understanding the adipose tissue developmental process, involving adipogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling, is therefore crucial to reveal the pathobiology of obesity. Experimental mouse models are extensively used to gain new insights into these processes and to evaluate the role of new key players, in particular proteolytic system components, in adipose tissue development and obesity. In this paper, we will review available in vitro and in vivo murine models of obesity and discuss their value in understanding the mechanisms contributing to obesity.
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Martínez-Barquero V, Marco GD, Martínez-Hervas S, Adam-Felici V, Pérez-Soriano C, Gonzalez-Albert V, Rojo G, Ascaso JF, Real JT, Garcia-Garcia AB, Martín-Escudero JC, Cortes R, Chaves FJ. Are IL18RAP gene polymorphisms associated with body mass regulation? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017875. [PMID: 29146643 PMCID: PMC5695454 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between IL18RAP and body mass index (BMI) and obesity and to verify the effect of a polymorphism in the microRNA136 (MIR136) IL18RAP binding region. DESIGN We analysed samples from two Spanish cross-sectional studies, VALCAR (Spanish Mediterranean coast) and Hortega (Spanish centre). These studies aimed at analysing cardiovascular risk and development of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Both populations correspond to regions with different characteristics. SETTING Five IL18RAP single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected using the SYSNPs web tool and analysed by oligonucleotide ligation assay (SNPlex). For the MIR136 functional study, cells were transfected with plasmids containing different rs7559479 polymorphism alleles and analysed by luciferase reporter assays. PARTICIPANTS 1970 individuals (Caucasian, both genders): VALCAR (468) and Hortega (1502). RESULTS rs2293225, rs2272127 and rs7559479 showed the following associations: rs7559479 G allele correlated with a higher obesity risk (P=0.01; OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.87 for the VALCAR group; P=0.033; OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.79 for the Hortega population) and higher body mass index (BMI) values (P=0.0045; P=0.1 for VALCAR and Hortega, respectively); a significant association with obesity (P=0.0024, OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.82) and increased BMI values (P=0.008) was found when considering both populations together. rs2293225 T allele was associated with lower obesity risk (P=0.036; OR=0.60; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.96) and lower BMI values (P=0.0038; OR=1.41) while the rs2272127 G allele was associated with lower obesity risk (P=0.028; OR=0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.97) only in the VALCAR population. A reporter assay showed that the presence of the A allele in rs7559479 was associated with increased MIR136 binding to IL18RAP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that polymorphisms in IL18RAP influence susceptibility to obesity. We demonstrated that the A allele in rs7559479 increases MIR136 binding, which regulates IL-18 system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Martínez-Barquero
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Griselda de Marco
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervas
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Adam-Felici
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Soriano
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Gonzalez-Albert
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Ascaso
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Tomás Real
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Barbara Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Cortes
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Javier Chaves
- Department of Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Research Foundation (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Abbott RD, Borowsky FE, Alonzo CA, Zieba A, Georgakoudi I, Kaplan DL. Variability in responses observed in human white adipose tissue models. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:840-847. [PMID: 28879656 DOI: 10.1002/term.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for a myriad of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunction, cirrhosis, and cancer, and there is a need for new systems to study how excess adipose tissue relates to the onset of disease processes. This study provides proof-of-concept patient-specific tissue models of human white adipose tissue to accommodate the variability in human samples. Our 3D tissue engineering approach established lipolytic responses and changes in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake from small volumes of human lipoaspirate, making this methodology useful for patient specific sample source assessments of treatment strategies, drug responses, disease mechanisms, and other responses that vary between patients. Mature unilocular cells were maintained ex vivo in silk porous scaffolds for up to a month of culture and imaged non-invasively with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Interestingly, differences in responsiveness between tissues were observed in terms of magnitude of lipolysis, ability to suppress lipolysis, differences in glucose uptake, and lipid droplet size. Body mass index was not a factor in determining tissue responsiveness; rather, it is speculated that other unknown variables in the backgrounds of different patients (ethnicity, athleticism, disease history, lifestyle choices, etc.) likely had a more significant effect on the observed differences. This study reinforces the need to account for the variability in backgrounds and genetics within the human population to determine adipose tissue responsiveness. In the future, this tissue system could be used to inform individualized care strategies-enhancing therapeutic precision, improving patient outcomes, and reducing clinical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlo A Alonzo
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Adam Zieba
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Wang Z, Wang N, Han X, Wang R, Chang J. Interaction of two flavonols with fat mass and obesity-associated protein investigated by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3388-3397. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1388287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zechun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruiyong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Guarino D, Nannipieri M, Iervasi G, Taddei S, Bruno RM. The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Pathophysiology of Obesity. Front Physiol 2017; 8:665. [PMID: 28966594 PMCID: PMC5606212 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally and represents a major cause of comorbidities, mostly related to cardiovascular disease. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has a two-way relationship with obesity. Indeed, alterations of the ANS might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, acting on different pathways. On the other hand, the excess weight induces ANS dysfunction, which may be involved in the haemodynamic and metabolic alterations that increase the cardiovascular risk of obese individuals, i.e., hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This article will review current evidence about the role of the ANS in short-term and long-term regulation of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, an increased sympathetic activity has been demonstrated in obese patients, particularly in the muscle vasculature and in the kidneys, possibily contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Selective leptin resistance, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and low ghrelin levels are possible mechanisms underlying sympathetic activation in obesity. Weight loss is able to reverse metabolic and autonomic alterations associated with obesity. Given the crucial role of autonomic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of obesity and its cardiovascular complications, vagal nerve modulation and sympathetic inhibition may serve as therapeutic targets in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology of CNRPisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Lee JJ, Lee HJ, Oh SW. Antiobesity Effects of Sansa (Crataegi fructus) on 3T3-L1 Cells and on High-Fat-High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:19-29. [PMID: 28098517 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of Crataegi fructus ethanol extracts (CFEEs) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and to evaluate the effects of C. fructus powder (CFP) on lipid metabolism and its antiobesity effect in rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed for physiological activity and antiobesity effects on the serum, liver, and adipose tissues in obesity-induced rats. CFEEs showed significant inhibitory action on differentiation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 mature cells in a dose-dependent manner. Subcutaneous, mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights of HFC diet group were heavier than those of normal diet (N) group, whereas those of groups fed CFP were significantly decreased. Levels of serum TGs, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in the CFP groups than in the HFC group, whereas the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased in the HFC group and markedly increased in the CFP groups. TC and TG levels in the liver and adipose tissues were significantly lower in CFP groups than in the HFC groups. In addition, feeding with CFP significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited an HFC diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. These results suggest that C. fructus may improve lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue, and may potentially reduce lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Lee
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Culinary Science, Hankyong National University , Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Oh
- 3 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,4 National Institute of Agricultural Science , Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:943-86. [PMID: 27154742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In high-, middle- and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and heritable disorder, obesity results from the interplay between genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, metagenomics and the environment. Attempts at understanding the genetic basis of obesity have identified numerous genes associated with syndromic monogenic, non-syndromic monogenic, oligogenic and polygenic obesity. The genetics of leanness are also considered relevant as it mirrors some of obesity's aetiologies. In this report, we summarize ten genetically elucidated obesity syndromes, some of which are involved in ciliary functioning. We comprehensively review 11 monogenic obesity genes identified to date and their role in energy maintenance as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. With the emergence of genome-wide association studies over the last decade, 227 genetic variants involved in different biological pathways (central nervous system, food sensing and digestion, adipocyte differentiation, insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, muscle and liver biology, gut microbiota) have been associated with polygenic obesity. Advances in obligatory and facilitated epigenetic variation, and gene-environment interaction studies have partly accounted for the missing heritability of obesity and provided additional insight into its aetiology. The role of gut microbiota in obesity pathophysiology, as well as the 12 genes associated with lipodystrophies is discussed. Furthermore, in an attempt to improve future studies and merge the gap between research and clinical practice, we provide suggestions on how high-throughput '-omic' data can be integrated in order to get closer to the new age of personalized medicine.
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Hao T, Zhang H, Li S, Tian H. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist ameliorates the insulin resistance function of islet β cells via the activation of PDX-1/JAK signaling transduction in C57/BL6 mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1029-1036. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
There are two kinds of adipose tissue in mammals: white adipose tissue - WAT and brown adipose tissue - BAT. The main function of WAT is accumulation of triacylglycerols whereas the function of BAT is heat generation. At present, WAT is also considered to be an endocrine gland that produces bioactive adipokines, which take part in glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering its endocrine function, the adipose tissue is not a homogeneous gland but a group of a few glands which act differently. Studies on the secretory function of WAT began in 1994 after discovery of leptin known as the satiation hormone, which regulates body energy homeostasis and maintainence of body mass. Apart from leptin, the following belong to adipokines: adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin and cytokines: TNF and IL 6. Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activity. It plays a key role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Resistin exerts a counter effect compared to adiponectin and its physiological role is to maintain fasting glycaemia. Visfatin stimulates insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipocytes. Apelin probably increases the insulin sensitivity of tissues. TNF evokes insulin resistance by blocking insulin receptors and inhibits insulin secretion. Approximately 30% of circulating IL 6 comes from adipose tissue. It causes insulin resistance by decreasing the expression of insulin receptors, decreases adipogenesis and adiponectin and visfatin secretion, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis. In 2004, Bays introduced the notion of adiposopathy, defined as dysfunction of the adipose tissue, whose main feature is insulin and leptin resistance as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines: TNF and IL 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein. This means that excess of adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue, leads to the development of a chronic subclinical inflammatory condition, which favours the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a systemic illness caused by energy transformation homeostasis disorder which results in an increase in the amount of body fat mass. It effects approximately 40% of dogs and 20% of cats. Illnesses which accompany obesity result, to a great extent, from the secretive role of adipose tissue, which is still little known, which should be included when planning treatment of an obese animal.
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Maharaj NR, Ramkaran P, Pillay S, Chuturgoon AA. microRNA-27a rs895819 is associated with obesity in HIV infected preeclamptic Black South African women on HAART. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:92. [PMID: 27919232 PMCID: PMC5139039 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) and HIV/AIDS present a major health challenge globally. South Africa has the highest disease burden of both HIV/AIDS and PE in the world. Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of these conditions is not completely understood, however a genetic predisposition in women may affect susceptibility. MiRNA-27a regulates adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in miRNA-27a (rs895819T > C) has shown to have disparate effects in various populations. This study investigated the frequency of rs895819 in pregnant normotensive and preeclamptic Black South African (SA) women. Methods Enrollment into the study included: normotensive (n = 95; 45 HIV+; 80 analysed for rs895819T > C, age range: 16–46 years) and PE patients (n = 98; 45 HIV+; 56 analysed for rs895819T > C), age range: 16–42 years). DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genotyping of miRNA-27a rs895819 was detected using a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping assay. Results We did not find a significant association of miR-27a polymorphism with PE susceptibility in our data. However, in the subgroup analysis (based in HIV status), the variant genotypes (TC/CC) were associated with higher body mass index (BMI) among PE women (32.57 vs. 29.25, p = 0.064), significantly in the presence of HIV infection (33.47 vs. 27.8, p = 0.005). Conclusion The results of this study suggests that miR-27a rs895819 may not be associated with PE susceptibility; however, the miR-27a TC/CC genotype increases susceptibility to elevated BMI in PE, which may be significantly influenced by co-morbid HIV infection among pregnant women on HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niren Ray Maharaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa.,Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Building - South Entrance, 3rd Floor, Kind George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Building - South Entrance, 3rd Floor, Kind George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa
| | - Siddharthiya Pillay
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Building - South Entrance, 3rd Floor, Kind George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil Amichund Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Building - South Entrance, 3rd Floor, Kind George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa.
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Abstract
The world is experiencing an epidemic of obesity and its concomitant health problems. One implication is that the normally robust negative feedback system that controls energy homeostasis must be responding to different inputs than in the past. In this review we discuss the influence of gender on the efficacy of adiposity hormones as they interact with food intake control systems in the brain. Specifically, the levels of insulin and leptin in the blood are correlated with body fat, insulin being related mainly to visceral fat and leptin to subcutaneous fat. Since females carry more fat subcutaneously and males carry more fat viscerally, leptin correlates better with total body fat in females and insulin correlates better in males. High visceral fat and plasma insulin are also risk factors for the complications of obesity, including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and certain cancers, and these are more prevalent in males. Consistent with these systemic differences, the brains of females are more sensitive to the catabolic actions of low doses of leptin whereas the brains of males are more sensitive to the catabolic action of low doses of insulin. The implications of this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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Trier C, Dahl M, Stjernholm T, Nielsen TRH, Bøjsøe C, Fonvig CE, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC. Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Obesity Treatment Program on Parental Weight Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161921. [PMID: 27560141 PMCID: PMC4999172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity among parents of children entering childhood obesity treatment and to evaluate changes in the parents’ weight statuses during their child’s treatment. Methods The study included parents of 1,125 children and adolescents aged 3–22 years, who were enrolled in a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment program. At baseline, weight and height of the parents were obtained by self-reported information and parental body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Weight and height of the children were measured in the clinic and BMI standard deviation scores were calculated. Furthermore, anthropometric data from parents of 664 children were obtained by telephone interview after a mean of 2.5 years of treatment (ranging 16 days to 7 years), and changes in parental BMI were analyzed. Results Data on changes in BMI were available in 606 mothers and 479 fathers. At baseline, the median BMI of the mothers was 28.1 kg/m2 (range: 16.9–66.6), and the median BMI of the fathers was 28.9 kg/m2 (range: 17.2–48.1). Seventy percent of the mothers and 80% of the fathers were overweight or obese at the time of their child’s treatment initiation. Both the mothers and fathers lost weight during their child’s treatment with a mean decrease in BMI in the mothers of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.2–0.8, p = 0.0006) and in the fathers of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2–0.6, p = 0.0007). Of the overweight/obese parents, 60% of the mothers and 58% of the fathers lost weight during their child’s treatment. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among parents of children entering childhood obesity treatment. Family-based childhood obesity treatment with a focus on the child has a positive effect on parental BMI with both mothers and fathers losing weight. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00928473
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Affiliation(s)
- Cæcilie Trier
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Dahl
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Theresa Stjernholm
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Tenna R. H. Nielsen
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Bøjsøe
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius E. Fonvig
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mutlu H, Bilgiç V, Erten S, Aras Ş, Tayfur M. Evaluation of the Relationship between Childhood Traumas and Adulthood Obesity Development. Ecol Food Nutr 2016; 55:390-401. [PMID: 27399037 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2016.1198791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to delineate the relationship between childhood traumas and adulthood obesity. A total of 314 individuals (157 obese and 157 nonobese) were recruited in the study. After obtaining anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered to the participants. Overall scores of CTQ were determined to be 42.6 ± 10.5 (higher trauma) in obese group and 37.2 ± 6.6 (lower trauma) in nonobese group (P < 0.001). Frequency rates of childhood traumatic experience were found to be 68.8% for obese people and 38.8% for nonobese people. In conclusion, an increased risk for adulthood obesity development was significantly associated with childhood traumatic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Mutlu
- a Fatih University Hospital , Center for Nutrition and Dietetics , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Vedat Bilgiç
- b Department of Psychiatry , Fatih University Medical School , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Erten
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Fatih University Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Şükrü Aras
- d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Şifa University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Muhittin Tayfur
- e Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Başkent University , Ankara , Turkey
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The Obesity-Breast Cancer Conundrum: An Analysis of the Issues. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060989. [PMID: 27338371 PMCID: PMC4926517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer develops over a timeframe of 2-3 decades prior to clinical detection. Given this prolonged latency, it is somewhat unexpected from a biological perspective that obesity has no effect or reduces the risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women yet increases the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This conundrum is particularly striking in light of the generally negative effects of obesity on breast cancer outcomes, including larger tumor size at diagnosis and poorer prognosis in both pre- and postmenopausal women. This review and analysis identifies factors that may contribute to this apparent conundrum, issues that merit further investigation, and characteristics of preclinical models for breast cancer and obesity that should be considered if animal models are used to deconstruct the conundrum.
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Gu N, You L, Shi C, Yang L, Pang L, Cui X, Ji C, Zheng W, Guo X. Expression of miR-199a-3p in human adipocytes is regulated by free fatty acids and adipokines. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1180-6. [PMID: 27279151 PMCID: PMC4940088 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a notable risk for disease, including risk of cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Adipose tissue modulates the metabolism by releasing free fatty acids (FFAs) and adipokines, including leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Altered secretion patterns of FFAs and adipokines have been demonstrated to result in obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and inflammatory responses. MicroRNA-199a-3p (miR)-199a-3p expression is significantly induced in differentiated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and indicates the association with T2DM. However, the association between miR-199a-3p levels in adipocytes and obesity-associated IR, as well as inflammatory responses remains to be elucidated. The present study observed an elevation of miR-199a-3p expression level in mature human adipocytes (visceral) compared with pre-adipocytes. In addition, miR-199a-3p expression was higher in visceral adipose deposits from obese subjects. FFA, TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin significantly induced miR-199a-3p expression in mature human adipocytes, while resistin had the opposite effect. miR-199a-3p may represent a factor in the modulation of obesity-associated IR and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Pang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224002, P.R. China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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47
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Hipp JA, Becker HV, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC, Yang L. Worksite nutrition supports and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:144-153. [PMID: 29071097 PMCID: PMC5523698 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity. Methods Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self‐reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW‐ME) study. Results Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption. Conclusions This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources and Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - H V Becker
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - C M Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R G Tabak
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R C Brownson
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Epidemiology Center for Public Health Medical University of Vienna
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Qureshi SA, Mumtaz A, Shahid SU, Shabana NA. rs3751812, a common variant in fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, is associated with serum high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Pakistani individuals. Nutrition 2016; 39-40:92-95. [PMID: 27324062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a common variant of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene, rs3751812 in obese Pakistani individuals, compare this effect with nonobese controls of the same ethnicity, and then correlate it with serum lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. METHODS We genotyped 475 samples using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were measured. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22 and the results were analyzed for any significant associations. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the variant is significantly associated with obesity in Pakistan. The study found, for the first time, that the variant has a significant effect on lowering HDL-C and increasing LDL-C. Among anthropometric measures, the variant showed significant association with body mass index and weight. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the FTO variant is consistently associated with obesity in the Pakistani population and its association with anthropometric and lipid parameters show that it may mediate its role by altering fat deposition and disturbing serum lipid profile. However, future studies with larger sample size are needed to validate the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anwar Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Mumtaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Jin M, Wu Y, Wang J, Chen J, Huang Y, Rao J, Feng C. MicroRNA-24 promotes 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by directly targeting the MAPK7 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:76-82. [PMID: 27103442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as a vital role in harmony with gene regulation and maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is well testified that miRNAshave been involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, cell fate decision, and cellular differentiation. Adipogenesis is an organized process of cellular differentiation by which pre-adipocytes differentiate towards mature adipocytes, and it is tightly modulated by a series of transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and sterol regulatory-element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the connection between miRNAs and adipogenesis-related transcription factors remain obscure. In this study, we unveiled that miR- 24 was remarkably upregulated during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-24 significantly promoted 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, as evidenced by its ability to increase the expression of PPAR-γ and SREBP1, lipid droplet formation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Furthermore, we found that neither ectopic expression of miR-24nor miR-24 inhibitor affect cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-24 plays the modulational role by directly repressing MAPK7, a key number in the MAPK signaling pathway. These data indicate that miR-24 is a novel positive regulator of adipocyte differentiation by targeting MAPK7, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of miRNA-mediated cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Division of Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88#, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Yutao Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 288# Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 288# Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Division of Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88#, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Division of Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88#, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jinpeng Rao
- Division of Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88#, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Division of Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88#, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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Perveen R, Suleria HAR, Anjum FM, Butt MS, Pasha I, Ahmad S. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Carotenoids and Lycopenes Chemistry; Metabolism, Absorption, Nutrition, and Allied Health Claims--A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:919-29. [PMID: 24915375 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.657809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most essential herbaceous plants that have been probed against various life sight related disorders owing to array of phytochemicals. It is important source of vitamin C, potassium, folic acid, and carotenoids, such as lycopene. Carotenoids are the pigments synthesized during fruit ripening and responsible for the final red color of the tomato. Consumption of tomato and tomato-based products contribute to the absorption of carotenoids and lycopenes in human serum. Lycopene is chemically acyclic carotene with 11 conjugated double bonds, normally in transconfiguration while isomerization occur in blood plasma for its better absorption. It has ability for adenosine deaminase inhibition that plays important role in the regression of tumor. Tomato also contain other active compounds, namely, neoxanthin, lutein, α-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, cyclolycopene, and β-carotene 5, 6-epoxide. These components provide synergistic effect against various threats but still need further attention of the researchers. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated the potential of tomato against variety of metabolic syndromes. Latest research highlights the relationship between consuming tomato and its products with reduced risk of various maladies like obesity, hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic attributes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer insurgences. Moreover, tomato and its bioactive components hold potential to become effective modules in diet-based regimens; however, integrated research and meta-analysis are still required to enhance meticulousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Perveen
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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