1
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Placzek M, Wilton DK, Weïwer M, Manter MA, Reid SE, Meyer CJ, Campbell AJ, Bajrami B, Bigot A, Bricault S, Fayet A, Frouin A, Gergits F, Gupta M, Jiang W, Melanson M, Romano CD, Riley MM, Wang JM, Wey HY, Wagner FF, Stevens B, Hooker JM. A Fast-Binding, Functionally Reversible, COX-2 Radiotracer for CNS PET Imaging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1105-1114. [PMID: 38799654 PMCID: PMC11117721 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in peripheral inflammation and pain via the prostaglandin pathway. In the central nervous system (CNS), COX-2 is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker. However, clinical studies with COX-2 have yielded inconsistent results, partly due to limited mechanistic understanding of how COX-2 activity relates to CNS pathology. Therefore, developing COX-2 positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for human neuroimaging is of interest. This study introduces [11C]BRD1158, which is a potent and uniquely fast-binding, selective COX-2 PET radiotracer. [11C]BRD1158 was developed by prioritizing potency at COX-2, isoform selectivity over COX-1, fast binding kinetics, and free fraction in the brain. Evaluated through in vivo PET neuroimaging in rodent models with human COX-2 overexpression, [11C]BRD1158 demonstrated high brain uptake, fast target-engagement, functional reversibility, and excellent specific binding, which is advantageous for human imaging applications. Lastly, post-mortem samples from Huntington's disease (HD) patients and preclinical HD mouse models showed that COX-2 levels were elevated specifically in disease-affected brain regions, primarily from increased expression in microglia. These findings indicate that COX-2 holds promise as a novel clinical marker of HD onset and progression, one of many potential applications of [11C]BRD1158 human PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Placzek
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Daniel K. Wilton
- Department
of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michel Weïwer
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mariah A. Manter
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Lurie
Center for Autism, 1
Maguire Road, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
- Massachusetts
General Hospital, 55
Fruit St., Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reid
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Christopher J. Meyer
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Arthur J. Campbell
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Antoine Bigot
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah Bricault
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Agathe Fayet
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Arnaud Frouin
- Department
of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Frederick Gergits
- Department
of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mehak Gupta
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michelle Melanson
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chiara D. Romano
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Misha M. Riley
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jessica M. Wang
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Florence F. Wagner
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Beth Stevens
- Department
of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Lurie
Center for Autism, 1
Maguire Road, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
- Massachusetts
General Hospital, 55
Fruit St., Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Su R, Chen J, Liu X, Luo J, Lao Y, Huang P, Shi J, Jiang C, Liao L, Zhang J. Synthesis of 1,3,5-triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their neuroprotection by anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation and protecting BBB. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115742. [PMID: 37651874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease; Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important factors which destroy blood-brain barrier (BBB) in AIS. In the study, a series of 1,3,5-triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized; the optimal compound 9 was obtained by screening their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; the neuroprotection effect of compound 9 was evaluated with a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Subsequently, the mechanism of neuroprotection were explored via Western blot. The results prompt compound 9 maybe exert anti-AIS neuroprotection by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation inhibition by inhibiting Keap1, COX-2 and iNOS. At the same time, it can protect BBB by reducing glycocalyx degradation and matrix metallopeptidase-9 levels. Its LD50 > 1000 mg/kg on mice and hERG channel inhibition IC50 > 30 μM, which lower acute toxicity and hERG channel inhibition would make compound 9 a promising stroke treatment candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingning Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yaoqiang Lao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jinguo Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Caibao Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Liping Liao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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3
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Isbel L, Iskar M, Durdu S, Weiss J, Grand RS, Hietter-Pfeiffer E, Kozicka Z, Michael AK, Burger L, Thomä NH, Schübeler D. Readout of histone methylation by Trim24 locally restricts chromatin opening by p53. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023:10.1038/s41594-023-01021-8. [PMID: 37386214 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The genomic binding sites of the transcription factor (TF) and tumor suppressor p53 are unusually diverse with regard to their chromatin features, including histone modifications, raising the possibility that the local chromatin environment can contextualize p53 regulation. Here, we show that epigenetic characteristics of closed chromatin, such as DNA methylation, do not influence the binding of p53 across the genome. Instead, the ability of p53 to open chromatin and activate its target genes is locally restricted by its cofactor Trim24. Trim24 binds to both p53 and unmethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), thereby preferentially localizing to those p53 sites that reside in closed chromatin, whereas it is deterred from accessible chromatin by H3K4 methylation. The presence of Trim24 increases cell viability upon stress and enables p53 to affect gene expression as a function of the local chromatin state. These findings link H3K4 methylation to p53 function and illustrate how specificity in chromatin can be achieved, not by TF-intrinsic sensitivity to histone modifications, but by employing chromatin-sensitive cofactors that locally modulate TF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Isbel
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murat Iskar
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sevi Durdu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joscha Weiss
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph S Grand
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Hietter-Pfeiffer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Kozicka
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia K Michael
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Burger
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Jain P, Satija J, Sudandiradoss C. Discovery of andrographolide hit analog as a potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor through consensus MD-simulation, electrostatic potential energy simulation and ligand efficiency metrics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8147. [PMID: 37208387 PMCID: PMC10199084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the key enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that display pro-inflammatory properties and thus, it is a potential target protein to develop anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, chemical and bio-informatics approaches have been employed to find a novel potent andrographolide (AGP) analog as a COX-2 inhibitor having better pharmacological properties than aspirin and rofecoxib (controls). The full amino acid sequenced human Alpha fold (AF) COX-2 protein (604AA) was selected and validated for its accuracy against the reported COX-2 protein structures (PDB ID: 5F19, 5KIR, 5F1A, 5IKQ and 1V0X) followed by multiple sequence alignment analysis to establish the sequence conservation. The systematic virtual screening of 237 AGP analogs against AF-COX-2 protein yielded 22 lead compounds based on the binding energy score (< - 8.0 kcal/mol). These were further screened out to 7 analogs by molecular docking analysis and investigated further for ADMET prediction, ligand efficiency metrics calculations, quantum mechanical analysis, MD simulation, electrostatic potential energy (EPE) docking simulation, and MM/GBSA. In-depth analysis revealed that AGP analog A3 (3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5,6,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one) forms the most stable complex with the AF-COX-2 showing the least RMSD value (0.37 ± 0.03 nm), a good number of hydrogen bonds (protein-ligand H-bond = 11, and protein H-bond = 525), minimum EPE score (- 53.81 kcal/mol), and lowest MM-GBSA before and after simulation (- 55.37 and - 56.25 kcal/mol, respectively) value compared to other analogs and controls. Thus, we suggest that the identified A3 AGP analog could be developed as a promising plant-based anti-inflammatory drug by inhibiting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jain
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Jitendra Satija
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - C Sudandiradoss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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5
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Are Aspects of Integrative Concepts Helpful to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041116. [PMID: 36831465 PMCID: PMC9953994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to improve the outcomes of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. Different approaches using targeted therapeutic strategies and precision medicine methods have been investigated, and synergies and further therapeutic advances may be achieved through combinations with integrative methods. For pancreatic tumors, a particular challenge is the presence of a microenvironment and a dense stroma, which is both a physical barrier to drug penetration and a complex entity being controlled by the immune system. Therefore, the state of immunological tolerance in the tumor microenvironment must be overcome, which is a considerable challenge. Integrative approaches, such as hyperthermia, percutaneous irreversible electroporation, intra-tumoral injections, phytotherapeutics, or vitamins, in combination with standard-oncological therapies, may potentially contribute to the control of pancreatic cancer. The combined application of standard-oncological and integrative methods is currently being studied in ongoing clinical trials. An actual overview is given here.
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6
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Leathers TA, Rogers CD. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and implications for the cyclooxygenase pathway in embryonic development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C532-C539. [PMID: 36622071 PMCID: PMC9925163 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00430.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of analgesics that inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, which drive tissue inflammation pathways. Caution should be exercised when taking these drugs during pregnancy as they increase the risk of developmental defects. Due to the high rates of NSAID use by individuals, possibilities for in utero exposure to NSAIDs are high, and it is vital that we define the potential risks these drugs pose during embryonic development. In this review, we characterize the identified roles of the cyclooxygenase signaling pathway components throughout pregnancy and discuss the effects of cyclooxygenase pathway perturbation on developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Leathers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Crystal D Rogers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
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7
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Significance of Pulmonary Endothelial Injury and the Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostanoid Signaling. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010117. [PMID: 36671689 PMCID: PMC9855370 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium plays a key role in the dynamic balance of hemodynamic, humoral and inflammatory processes in the human body. Its central importance and the resulting therapeutic concepts are the subject of ongoing research efforts and form the basis for the treatment of numerous diseases. The pulmonary endothelium is an essential component for the gas exchange in humans. Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction has serious consequences for the oxygenation and the gas exchange in humans with the potential of consecutive multiple organ failure. Therefore, in this review, the dysfunction of the pulmonary endothel due to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, ventilator-related injury, and aspiration is presented in a medical context. Selected aspects of the interaction of endothelial cells with primarily alveolar macrophages are reviewed in more detail. Elucidation of underlying causes and mechanisms of damage and repair may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Specific emphasis is placed on the processes leading to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and downstream prostanoid-based signaling pathways associated with this enzyme.
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8
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The Impacts of Iron Overload and Ferroptosis on Intestinal Mucosal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214195. [PMID: 36430673 PMCID: PMC9697168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained through the interplay of the intestinal mucosa, local and systemic immune factors, and the microbial content of the gut. Iron is a trace mineral in most organisms, including humans, which is essential for growth, systemic metabolism and immune response. Paradoxically, excessive iron intake and/or high iron status can be detrimental to iron metabolism in the intestine and lead to iron overload and ferroptosis-programmed cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation within cell membranes, which contributes to several intestinal diseases. In this review, we comprehensively review recent findings on the impacts of iron overload and ferroptosis on intestinal mucosal homeostasis and inflammation and then present the progress of iron overload and ferroptosis-targeting therapy in intestinal diseases. Understanding the involved mechanisms can provide a new understanding of intestinal disease pathogenesis and facilitate advanced preventive and therapeutic strategies for intestinal dysfunction and diseases.
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9
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Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory properties of green macroalga Codium tomentosum. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Novel role of COX6c in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:336. [PMID: 35879322 PMCID: PMC9314418 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc (COX6c) is one of the most important subunits of the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Numerous studies have demonstrated that COX6c plays a critical role in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and energy production. The release of COX6c from the mitochondria may be a hallmark of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, The changes in COX6c expression are widespread in a variety of diseases and can be chosen as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment. In light of its exclusive effects, we present the elaborate roles that COX6c plays in various diseases. In this review, we first introduced basic knowledge regarding COX6c and its functions in the OXPHOS and apoptosis pathways. Subsequently, we described the regulation of COX6c expression and activity in both positive and negative ways. Furthermore, we summarized the elaborate roles that COX6c plays in various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, brain injury, skeletal muscle injury, and tumors. This review highlights recent advances and provides a comprehensive summary of COX6c in the regulation of OXPHOS in multiple diseases and may be helpful for drug design and the prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases.
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11
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Useini L, Mojić M, Laube M, Lönnecke P, Dahme J, Sárosi MB, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Pietzsch J, Hey-Hawkins E. Carboranyl Analogues of Mefenamic Acid and Their Biological Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24282-24291. [PMID: 35874202 PMCID: PMC9301635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mefenamic acid represents a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to treat the pain of postoperative surgery and heavy menstrual bleeding. Like other NSAIDs, mefenamic acid inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by nonselectively blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms COX-1 and COX-2. For the improved selectivity of the drug and, therefore, reduced related side effects, the carborane analogues of mefenamic acid were evaluated. The ortho-, meta-, and para-carborane derivatives were synthesized in three steps: halogenation of the respective cluster, followed by a Pd-catalyzed B-N coupling and hydrolysis of the nitrile derivatives under acidic conditions. The COX inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity for different cancer cell lines revealed that the carborane analogues have stronger antitumor potential compared to their parent organic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liridona Useini
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marija Mojić
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Laube
- Department
of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Dahme
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menyhárt B. Sárosi
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department
of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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El-Malah AA, Gineinah MM, Deb PK, Khayyat AN, Bansal M, Venugopala KN, Aljahdali AS. Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: Road from Success to Controversy and the Quest for Repurposing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070827. [PMID: 35890126 PMCID: PMC9318302 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitors (so-called ‘coxibs’) has demonstrated tremendous commercial success due to their claimed lower potential of serious gastrointestinal adverse effects than traditional NSAIDs. However, following the repeated questioning on safety concerns, the coxibs ‘controversial me-too’ saga increased substantially, inferring to the risk of cardiovascular complications, subsequently leading to the voluntary withdrawal of coxibs (e.g., rofecoxib and valdecoxib) from the market. For instance, the makers (Pfizer and Merck) had to allegedly settle individual claims of cardiovascular hazards from celecoxib and valdecoxib. Undoubtedly, the lessons drawn from this saga revealed the flaws in drug surveillance and regulation, and taught science to pursue a more integrated translational approach for data acquisition and interpretation, prompting science-based strategies of risk avoidance in order to sustain the value of such drugs, rather than their withdrawal. Looking forward, coxibs are now being studied for repurposing, given their possible implications in the management of a myriad of diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. This article briefly summarizes the development of COX-2 inhibitors to their market impression, followed by the controversy related to their toxicity. In addition, the events recollected in hindsight (the past lessons), the optimistic step towards drug repurposing (the present), and the potential for forthcoming success (the future) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf A. El-Malah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-M.); (M.M.G.); (A.N.K.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Magdy M. Gineinah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-M.); (M.M.G.); (A.N.K.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahdab N. Khayyat
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-M.); (M.M.G.); (A.N.K.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Monika Bansal
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anfal S. Aljahdali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-M.); (M.M.G.); (A.N.K.); (A.S.A.)
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Kaur J, Bhardwaj A, Wuest F. Fluorine-18 Labelled Radioligands for PET Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123722. [PMID: 35744851 PMCID: PMC9227202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging probes enable the early and accurate detection of disease-specific biomarkers and facilitate personalized treatment of many chronic diseases, including cancer. Among current clinically used functional imaging modalities, positron emission tomography (PET) plays a significant role in cancer detection and in monitoring the response to therapeutic interventions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isozyme in cancer development and progression, making COX-2 a promising cancer biomarker. A variety of COX-2-targeting PET radioligands has been developed based on anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors. However, many of those suffer from non-specific binding and insufficient metabolic stability. This article highlights examples of COX-2-targeting PET radioligands labelled with the short-lived positron emitter 18F, including radiosynthesis and PET imaging studies published in the last decade (2012–2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (F.W.)
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Braun AC, Campos FAB, Abdallah EA, Ruano APC, Medina TDS, Tariki MS, Pinto FFE, de Mello CAL, Chinen LTD. Circulating Tumor Cells in Desmoid Tumors: New Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622626. [PMID: 34595102 PMCID: PMC8476862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Desmoid tumor (DT) is a rare neoplasm with high local recurrence rates, composed of fibroblastic cells that are characterized by the expression of key molecules, including the intermediate filament vimentin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear β-catenin, and lack of epithelial markers. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with sarcomas and other neoplasms can be used as early biomarkers of tumor invasion and dissemination. Moreover, CTCs can also re-colonize their tumors of origin through a process of "tumor self-seeding." Objectives We aimed to identify CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with DT and evaluate their expression of β-catenin, transforming growth factor receptor I (TGF-βRI), COX-2, and vimentin proteins. Material and Methods We conducted a prospective study of patients with initial diagnosis or relapsed DT with measurable disease. Blood samples from each patient were processed and filtered by ISET® (Rarecells, France) for CTC isolation and quantification. The CTC expression of β-catenin, COX-2, TGF-βRI, and vimentin was analyzed by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Results A total of 18 patients were included, and all had detectable CTCs. We found a concordance of β-catenin expression in both CTCs and primary tumors in 42.8% (6/14) of cases by using ICC and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Conclusions Our study identified a high prevalence of CTCs in DT patients. Concordance of β-catenin expression between primary tumor and CTCs brings new perspectives to assess the dynamics of CTCs in the blood compartment, opening new avenues for studying the biology and behavior of DT. In addition, these results open the possibility of using CTCs to predict DT dynamics at the time of disease progression and treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexcia C Braun
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A B Campos
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emne A Abdallah
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna P C Ruano
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago da S Medina
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena S Tariki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio F E Pinto
- Department of Orthopedics, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso A L de Mello
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla T D Chinen
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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El-Nahhal Y, El-Nahhal I. Cardiotoxicity of some pesticides and their amelioration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44726-44754. [PMID: 34231153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used to control pests that harm plants, animals, and humans. Their application results in the contamination of the food and water systems. Pesticides may cause harm to the human body via occupational exposure or the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Once a pesticide enters the human body, it may create health consequences such as cardiotoxicity. There is not enough information about pesticides that cause cardiotoxicity in the literature. Currently, there are few reports that summarized the cardiotoxicity due to some pesticide groups. This necessitates reviewing the current literature regarding pesticides and cardiotoxicity and to summarize them in a concrete review. The objectives of this review article were to summarize the advances in research related to pesticides and cardiotoxicity, to classify pesticides into certain groups according to cardiotoxicity, to discuss the possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, and to present the agents that ameliorate cardiotoxicity. Approximately 60 pesticides were involved in cardiotoxicity: 30, 13, and 17 were insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively. The interesting outcome of this study is that 30 and 13 pesticides from toxicity classes II and III, respectively, are involved in cardiotoxicity. The use of standard antidotes for pesticide poisoning shows health consequences among users. Alternative safe medical management is the use of cardiotoxicity-ameliorating agents. This review identifies 24 ameliorating agents that were successfully used to manage 60 cases. The most effective agents were vitamin C, curcumin, vitamin E, quercetin, selenium, chrysin, and garlic extract. Vitamin C showed ameliorating effects in a wide range of toxicities. The exposure mode to pesticide residues, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 are aerial exposure to pesticide drift, home and/or office exposure, exposure due to drinking contaminated water, and consumption of contaminated food, respectively. General cardiotoxicity is represented by 5, whereas 6, 7, 8 and 9 are electrocardiogram (ECG) of hypotension due to exposure to OP residues, ECG of myocardial infraction due to exposure to OPs, ECG of hypertension due to exposure to OC and/or PY, and normal ECG respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser El-Nahhal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine.
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16
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Sluter MN, Hou R, Li L, Yasmen N, Yu Y, Liu J, Jiang J. EP2 Antagonists (2011-2021): A Decade's Journey from Discovery to Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11816-11836. [PMID: 34352171 PMCID: PMC8455147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of health disasters associated with the chronic use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs, it has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream prostanoid synthases or receptors might provide more specificity than simply shutting down the entire COX cascade for anti-inflammatory benefits. The pathogenic actions of COX-2 have long been thought attributable to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through its Gαs-coupled EP2 receptor subtype; however, the truly selective EP2 antagonists did not emerge until 2011. These small molecules provide game-changing tools to better understand the EP2 receptor in inflammation-associated conditions. Their applications in preclinical models also reshape our knowledge of PGE2/EP2 signaling as a node of inflammation in health and disease. As we celebrate the 10-year anniversary of this breakthrough, the exploration of their potential as drug candidates for next-generation anti-inflammatory therapies has just begun. The first decade of EP2 antagonists passes, while their future looks brighter than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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17
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Deb J, Lakshman TR, Ghosh I, Jana SS, Paine TK. Mechanistic studies of in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of the Zn(ii)-NSAID complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione in MDA-MB-231 cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:11375-11384. [PMID: 32766641 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two zinc(ii)-NSAID complexes [(phendione)ZnII(NPR)2(H2O)2] (1) and [(phendione)ZnII(MFN)2] (2) (HNPR = naproxen and HMFN = mefenamic acid) of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) were isolated and characterized to evaluate their potential as anti-cancer agents. Each of the complexes contains two equivalents of NSAID per zinc(ii)-phendione unit. The complexes are stable in solution under cell culture conditions. Cytotoxic assay on the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) reveals that the anti-proliferative activity of phendione is retained in both the complexes. The anti-inflammatory properties of NSAIDs are also preserved in the metal complexes as evident from the PGE2 assay. Both 1 and 2 exhibit selective COX-1 inhibition at a low concentration. Furthermore, the zinc(ii)-naproxen complex (1) disrupts the intercellular bridges displaying in vitro delay in cellular migration and down-regulation of EMT-related genes. The mechanistic studies indicate that the ternary complexes are more active compared to cisplatin and have the potential to overcome cisplatin resistance in MDA MB 231 cells. These findings demonstrate that the zinc(ii)-NSAID complexes are worthy of further in vivo studies for their promising anti-tumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Deb
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Triloke Ranjan Lakshman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ivy Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Jana
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Ambati GG, Jachak SM. Natural Product Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzyme: A Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1877-1905. [PMID: 32484764 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200602131100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinically used COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor drugs were reported to possess severe side effects like GI ulcers and cardiovascular disturbances, respectively. Natural products being structurally diverse always attracted the attention of chemists/ medicinal chemists as a potential source of lead molecules in the drug discovery process. COX-2 inhibitory natural products also possess potential cancer chemopreventive property against various cancers including that of colon, breast and prostate. METHODS Various in vitro, in vivo and in silico standardized methods were used to evaluate COX inhibition property of different secondary metabolites isolated from plant, microbial and marine origin. RESULTS We had earlier reported a detailed account of natural product inhibitors of COX reported during 1995-2005, in 2006. In the proposed review, we report 158 natural product inhibitors of COX during 2006 to 2019 belonging to various secondary metabolite classes such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols as flavonoids, chromones, coumarins, lignans, anthraquinones, naphthalenes, curcuminoids, diarylheptanoids and miscellaneous compounds of plant and marine origin. Further Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies of possible leads are also included in the article. CONCLUSION COX inhibitors served as a potential source of lead molecules for the discovery and development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Compilation of natural product and semisynthetic inhibitors of COX may serve as valuable information to the researchers who are looking for possible lead molecules from a natural source to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami G Ambati
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar 160062, Mohali, India
| | - Sanjay M Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar 160062, Mohali, India
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19
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Bai HW, Yang C, Wang P, Rao S, Zhu BT. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by blocking the reducing cosubstrate at the peroxidase site: Discovery of galangin as a novel cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174036. [PMID: 33737009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we have shown that certain flavonoids (e.g., quercetin) are high-affinity reducing cosubstrates for cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. These compounds can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COXs and donate an electron from one of their B-ring hydroxyl groups to hematin. Based on these earlier findings, it is postulated that some of the natural flavonoids such as galangin that are structural analogs of quercetin but lack the proper B-ring hydroxyl groups might function as novel inhibitors of COXs by blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates. This idea is tested in the present study. Computational docking analysis together with quantum chemistry calculation shows that galangin can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 in a similar manner as quercetin, but it has little ability to effectively donate its electrons, thereby blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates like quercetin. Further experimental studies confirm that galangin can inhibit, both in vitro and in vivo, quercetin-mediated activation of the peroxidase activity of the COX-1/2 enzymes. The results of the present study demonstrate that galangin is a novel naturally-occurring inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, acting by blocking the function of the reducing cosubstrates at the peroxidase sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Present Address: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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20
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Yang H, Li GP, Liu Q, Zong SB, Li L, Xu ZL, Zhou J, Cao L, Wang ZZ, Zhang QC, Li M, Fan QR, Hu HF, Xiao W. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgolide B in focal cerebral ischemia through selective activation of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 and the downstream transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2727-2744. [PMID: 33452698 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to identify whether prostaglandin E2 receptor is the potential receptor/binding site for Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide K, and Bilobalide, the four main ingredients of the Ginkgo biloba L., leaves. Using functional assays, we identified EP4, coupled with Gs protein, as a target of Ginkgolide B. In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, Ginkgolide B-activated PKA, Akt, and ERK1/2 as well as Src-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. These resulted in downstream signaling pathways, which enhanced cell survival and inhibited apoptosis. Knockdown of EP4 prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, Src inhibitor prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated EGFR transactivation and the downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, while the phosphorylation of PKA induced by Ginkgolide B was not affected, indicating Ginkgolide B might transactivate EGFR in a ligand-independent manner. EP4 knockdown in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model prevented Ginkgolide B-mediated infarct size reduction and neurological assessment improvement. At the same time, the increased expressions of p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, p-PKA, p-Src, and p-EGFR and the deceased expression of cleaved capases-3 induced by Ginkgolide B in cerebral cortex were blocked due to EP4 knockdown. In conclusion, Ginkgolide B exerts neuroprotective effects in rat MCAO model through the activation of EP4 and the downstream transactivation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Gui-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Qiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Shao-Bo Zong
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Quan-Chang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Qi-Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Han-Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutic Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
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Lee J, Kim HS, Jangili P, Kang HG, Sharma A, Kim JS. Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hydrogen Peroxide in COX-2-Positive Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2073-2079. [PMID: 35014334 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important marker for oxidative stress, plays a vital role in cellular biological functions. Overproduction of H2O2 causes oxidative damage to cellular functions and promotes cancer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Also, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is known to be expressed in several cancer types and exerts multifaceted roles in carcinogenesis and resistance to cancer treatment. Hence, it is important to monitor the H2O2 concentration changes in the COX-2-expressing cancer cells. Herein, we have developed a molecular fluorescent ratiometric H2O2-responsive probe (NPDIN) composed of indomethacin (COX-2 inhibitor) conjugated with 1,8-napthalimide boronate ester as fluorescent reporter through a chemical linker. The probe was capable of imaging the endogenous H2O2 in COX-2 overexpressing cancer cell lines (A549, LoVo, HT29, and Caco-2). Further studies revealed the critical role of the indomethacin moiety in the cellular uptake behavior of NPDIN in COX-2-overexpressing cancer cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated NPDIN as a COX-2-positive cancer-targeting sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe (I554/I398) for H2O2 imaging and showed its promising biological applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Paramesh Jangili
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, South Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Fishbein A, Hammock BD, Serhan CN, Panigrahy D. Carcinogenesis: Failure of resolution of inflammation? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107670. [PMID: 32891711 PMCID: PMC7470770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer and is recognized as a key characteristic of carcinogens. However, the failure of resolution of inflammation in cancer is only recently being understood. Products of arachidonic acid and related fatty acid metabolism called eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosanoids, critically regulate inflammation, as well as its resolution. The resolution of inflammation is now appreciated to be an active biochemical process regulated by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators which combat infections and stimulate tissue repair/regeneration. Environmental and chemical human carcinogens, including aflatoxins, asbestos, nitrosamines, alcohol, and tobacco, induce tumor-promoting inflammation and can disrupt the resolution of inflammation contributing to a devastating global cancer burden. While mechanisms of carcinogenesis have focused on genotoxic activity to induce mutations, nongenotoxic mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress promote genotoxicity, proliferation, and mutations. Moreover, carcinogens initiate oxidative stress to synergize with inflammation and DNA damage to fuel a vicious feedback loop of cell death, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, stimulation of resolution of inflammation may prevent carcinogenesis by clearance of cellular debris via macrophage phagocytosis and inhibition of an eicosanoid/cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory mediators. Controlling the host inflammatory response and its resolution in carcinogen-induced cancers will be critical to reducing carcinogen-induced morbidity and mortality. Here we review the recent evidence that stimulation of resolution of inflammation, including pro-resolution lipid mediators and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors, may be a new chemopreventive approach to prevent carcinogen-induced cancer that should be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fishbein
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020201. [PMID: 33573222 PMCID: PMC7910878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies
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Unraveling the Role of Drug-Lipid Interactions in NSAIDs-Induced Cardiotoxicity. MEMBRANES 2020; 11:membranes11010024. [PMID: 33383697 PMCID: PMC7824678 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity is nowadays recognized as a class effect of non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, their mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are not yet well understood, since different compounds with similar action mechanisms exhibit distinct cardiotoxicity. For instance, diclofenac (DIC) is among the most cardiotoxic compounds, while naproxen (NAP) is associated with low CV risk. In this sense, this study aimed to unravel the role of drug-lipid interactions in NSAIDs-induced cardiotoxicity. For that, DIC and NAP interactions with lipid bilayers as model systems of cell and mitochondrial membranes were characterized by derivative spectrophotometry, fluorometric leakage assays, and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Both DIC and NAP were found to have the ability to permeabilize the membrane models, as well as to alter the bilayers’ structure. The NSAIDs-induced modifications were dependent on the lipid composition of the membrane model, the three-dimensional structure of the drug, as well as the drug:lipid molar ratio tested. Altogether, this work supports the hypothesis that NSAIDs-lipid interactions, in particular at the mitochondrial level, may be another key step among the mechanisms underlying NSAIDs-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Laube M, Gassner C, Neuber C, Wodtke R, Ullrich M, Haase-Kohn C, Löser R, Köckerling M, Kopka K, Kniess T, Hey-Hawkins E, Pietzsch J. Deuteration versus ethylation - strategies to improve the metabolic fate of an 18F-labeled celecoxib derivative. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38601-38611. [PMID: 35517533 PMCID: PMC9057277 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inducible isoenzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is closely associated with chemo-/radioresistance and poor prognosis of solid tumors. Therefore, COX-2 represents an attractive target for functional characterization of tumors by positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, the celecoxib derivative 3-([18F]fluoromethyl)-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole ([18F]5a) was chosen as a lead compound having a reported high COX-2 inhibitory potency and a potentially low carbonic anhydrase binding tendency. The respective deuterated analog [D2,18F]5a and the fluoroethyl-substituted derivative [18F]5b were selected to study the influence of these modifications with respect to COX inhibition potency in vitro and metabolic stability of the radiolabeled tracers in vivo. COX-2 inhibitory potency was found to be influenced by elongation of the side chain but, as expected, not by deuteration. An automated radiosynthesis comprising 18F-fluorination and purification under comparable conditions provided the radiotracers [18F]5a,b and [D2,18F]5a in good radiochemical yields (RCY) and high radiochemical purity (RCP). Biodistribution and PET studies comparing all three compounds revealed bone accumulation of 18F-activity to be lowest for the ethyl derivative [18F]5b. However, the deuterated analog [D2,18F]5a turned out to be the most stable compound of the three derivatives studied here. Time-dependent degradation of [18F]5a,b and [D2,18F]5a after incubation in murine liver microsomes was in accordance with the data on metabolism in vivo. Furthermore, metabolites were identified based on UPLC-MS/MS. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of deuteration and elongation on an 18F-labeled COX-2 inhibitor with focus on metabolic stability to develop suitable COX-2 targeting radiotracers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Cemena Gassner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany .,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 D-01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Cathleen Haase-Kohn
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany .,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 D-01062 Dresden Germany
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Cao X, Cao L, Zhang W, Lu R, Bian JS, Nie X. Therapeutic potential of sulfur-containing natural products in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107687. [PMID: 32966837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the prevalence of chronic inflammation and its related disorders, there is a demand for novel therapeutic agents capable of preventing or suppressing inflammation. Natural products (NPs) are well established as an important resource for drug development and provide an almost infinite array of molecular entities. Sulfur-containing NPs (i.e., NPs containing one or more sulfur atoms) are abundant throughout nature, from bacteria to animals. The aim of this review was to survey the emerging evidence on role of sulfur-containing NPs, such as glutathione, garlic-derived sulfur compounds, Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (EPTs), Isothiocyanates (ITCs), and Ergothioneine (EGT), in the control of inflammation and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms. A discussion of how hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, links sulfur-containing NPs and their anti-inflammatory action is also performed. This review may help to further the development of sulfur-based compounds by providing a guide for structure-activity relationship-based modification for use in modern medicinal chemistry. However, as this field is still in its infancy, the review is concluded by an overview of the progression of these promising entities as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Republic of Singapore; Institute of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Diclofenac Enhances Docosahexaenoic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Vitro in Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092683. [PMID: 32962236 PMCID: PMC7564004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have limited anticancer capacities when used alone. We examined whether combining NSAIDs with docosahexaenoic (DHA) would increase their anticancer activity on lung cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that combining DHA and NSAIDs increased their anticancer activities by altering the expression of critical proteins in the RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. The data suggest that DHA combined with low dose diclofenac provides more significant anticancer potential, which can be further developed for chemoprevention and adjunct therapy in lung cancer. Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show anticancer activities through diverse molecular mechanisms. However, the anticancer capacities of either PUFAs or NSAIDs alone is limited. We examined whether combining NSAIDs with docosahexaenoic (DHA), commonly derived from fish oils, would possibly synergize their anticancer activity. We determined the viability of lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H1573, A549, NCI-H1299, and NCI-H1975) after exposure to DHA and various NSAIDs. We further conducted cell apoptosis assays and analyzed apoptosis-associated proteins and some key proteins in the RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways using western blot analysis. We also determined the impact of the treatment on the expression of inducible cancer-related genes using nCounter PanCancer Pathways gene expression analysis. The results showed that the combination of DHA and NSAIDs increased suppression of cell viability in all the lung cancer cell lines tested compared to each of the compounds used alone, with diclofenac being the most potent NSAID tested. This synergistic effect is especially significant in A549 and NCI-H1573 cells. The combination treatment was more effective at inhibiting clonogenic cell growth and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis, and altering expression of critical proteins in the RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. The data from this study demonstrate that DHA combined with low dose diclofenac provides greater anticancer potential, which can be further developed for chemoprevention and adjunct therapy in lung cancer.
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Cekanova M, Pandey S, Olin S, Ryan P, Stokes JE, Hecht S, Martin-Jimenez T, Uddin MJ, Marnett LJ. Pharmacokinetic characterization of fluorocoxib D, a cyclooxygenase-2-targeted optical imaging agent for detection of cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200044R. [PMID: 32860356 PMCID: PMC7456637 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.086005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorocoxib D, N-[(rhodamin-X-yl)but-4-yl]-2-[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetamide, is a water-soluble optical imaging agent to detect cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-expressing cancer cells. AIM We evaluated the pharmacokinetic and safety properties of fluorocoxib D and its ability to detect cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH Pharmacokinetic parameters of fluorocoxib D were assessed from plasma collected at designated time points after intravenous administration of 1 mg / kg fluorocoxib D in six research dogs using a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Safety of fluorocoxib D was assessed for 3 days after its administration using physical assessment, complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, and complete urinalysis in six research dogs. The ability of fluorocoxib D to detect COX-2-expressing cancer cells was performed using human 5637 cells in vitro and during rhinoscopy evaluation of specific fluorocoxib D uptake by canine cancer cells in vivo. RESULTS No evidence of toxicity and no clinically relevant adverse events were noted in dogs. Peak concentration of fluorocoxib D (114.8 ± 50.5 ng / ml) was detected in plasma collected at 0.5 h after its administration. Pretreatment of celecoxib blocked specific uptake of fluorocoxib D in COX-2-expressing human 5637 cancer cells. Fluorocoxib D uptake was detected in histology-confirmed COX-2-expressing head and neck cancer during rhinoscopy in a client-owned dog in vivo. Specific tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of detected fluorocoxib D signal was in an average of 3.7 ± 0.9 using Image J analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fluorocoxib D is a safe optical imaging agent used for detection of COX-2-expressing cancers and their margins during image-guided minimally invasive biopsy and surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cekanova
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- The University of Tennessee, UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome, Science and Technology, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sony Pandey
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Shelly Olin
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Phillip Ryan
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Stokes
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Silke Hecht
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Tomas Martin-Jimenez
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Md. Jashim Uddin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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29
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Reisch F, Kakularam KR, Stehling S, Heydeck D, Kuhn H. Eicosanoid biosynthesis in marine mammals. FEBS J 2020; 288:1387-1406. [PMID: 32627384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
After 300 million years of evolution, the first land-living mammals reentered the marine environment some 50 million years ago. The driving forces for this dramatic lifestyle change are still a matter of discussion but the struggle for food resources and the opportunity to escape predators probably contributed. Reentering the oceans requires metabolic adaption putting evolutionary pressure on a number of genes. To explore whether eicosanoid signaling has been part of this adaptive response, we first explored whether the genomes of marine mammals involve functional genes encoding for key enzymes of eicosanoid biosynthesis. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (ALOX) genes are present in the genome of all marine mammals tested. Interestingly, ALOX12B, which has been implicated in skin development of land-living mammals, is lacking in whales and dolphins and genes encoding for its sister enzyme (ALOXE3) involve premature stop codons and/or frameshifting point mutations, which interrupt the open reading frames. ALOX15 orthologs have been detected in all marine mammals, and the recombinant enzymes exhibit similar catalytic properties as those of land-living species. All marine mammals express arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs, and these data are consistent with the Evolutionary Hypothesis of ALOX15 specificity. These enzymes exhibit membrane oxygenase activity and introduction of big amino acids at the triad positions altered the reaction specificity in favor of arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenation. Thus, the ALOX15 orthologs of marine mammals follow the Triad concept explaining their catalytic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reisch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Falcone L, Mucci M, D'Agostino I, Fullone R, Sacco A, Zucchelli M, Bruno A, Ballerini P, Dovizio M, Patrignani P. Characterization of cyclooxygenase-2 acetylation and prostanoid inhibition by aspirin in cellular systems. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114094. [PMID: 32535107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most recognized mechanism of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) action, at therapeutic dosing, is the inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis through the acetylation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-isozymes (COX-1 at serine-529 and COX-2 at serine-516). Whether aspirin, also when given at the low-doses recommended for cardiovascular prevention, reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by affecting COX-2 activity in colorectal adenomatous lesions is still debated. We aimed to develop a direct biomarker of aspirin action on COX-2 by assessing the extent of acetylation of COX-2 at serine-516 using the AQUA strategy, enabling absolute protein quantitation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We compared the extent of acetylation and the inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis by ASA using human recombinant COX-2 (hu-COX-2), the human colon cancer cell line HCA-7, isolated human monocytes stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or human intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β. Hu-COX-2 exposed in vitro to an excess of ASA was acetylated by approximately 40-50% associated with the inhibition of COX-2 activity by 80-90%. In the three cell-types expressing COX-2, the extent of COX-2 acetylation and reduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 biosynthesis by ASA was concentration-dependent with comparable EC50 values (in the low μM range). The maximal % acetylation of COX-2 averaged 80%, at ASA 1000 μM, and was associated with a virtually complete reduction of PGE2 biosynthesis (97%). In conclusion, we have developed a proteomic assay to evaluate the extent of acetylation of COX-2 at serine-516 by aspirin; its use in clinical studies will allow clarifying the mechanism of action of aspirin as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Falcone
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G.d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Mucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Fullone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Sacco
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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31
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Kim SJ, Seo JT. Selection of analgesics for the management of acute and postoperative dental pain: a mini-review. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:68-73. [PMID: 32395385 PMCID: PMC7192823 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2020.50.2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain management is an important part of dental practice, and dentists frequently prescribe analgesics to improve clinical outcomes. Dentists should be aware of the pharmacological characteristics of the analgesics commonly used in dentistry and should choose appropriate analgesics to treat and prevent pain associated with inflammation or surgery. In this article, we review the potential benefits and risks of the analgesics frequently used in dental practice and provide a stepwise approach for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Taeg Seo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Sales TA, Marcussi S, Ramalho TC. Current Anti-Inflammatory Therapies and the Potential of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors in the Design of New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review of 2012 - 2018. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:477-497. [PMID: 30706775 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a natural self-defense response of the organism to damage agents and its action mechanism involves a series of complex reactions. However, in some cases, this process can become chronic, causing much harm to the body. Therefore, over the years, many anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed aiming to decrease the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the organism, which is a way of controlling these abnormal chain reactions. The main target of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, but its use implies several side effects. Thus, based on these limitations, many studies have been performed, aiming to create new drugs, with new action mechanisms. In this sense, the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes stand out. Among all the existing isoforms, secretory PLA2 is the major target for inhibitor development, since many studies have proven that this enzyme participates in various inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, Alzheimer and arthritis. Finally, for the purpose of developing anti-inflammatory drugs that are sPLA2 inhibitors, many molecules have been designed. Accordingly, this work presents an overview of inflammatory processes and mediators, the current available anti-inflammatory drugs, and it briefly covers the PLA2 enzymes, as well as the diverse structural array of the newest sPLA2 inhibitors as a possible target for the production of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 62, 50003 Rokitanskeho, Czech Republic
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33
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Hoxha M, Zappacosta B. CYP-derived eicosanoids: Implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 146:106405. [PMID: 31838196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Today the role of cytochrome P450 metabolites in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still poorly understood. In this review we survey the current knowledge on cytochrome P450 metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. The balance between CYP epoxygenase- and CYP ω- hydroxylase is correlated to the regulation of NF-κB. In RA patients synovial fluid there are higher levels of IL-6, which suppresses activities of CYP enzymes, such as CYP3A, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2. EETs have anti-inflammatory effects, probably attributed to the PPARγ activation. EETs inhibit bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis, and can be considered as an innovative therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. In reference to the CYP ɷ-hydroxylase pathway, 20-HETE is a pro-inflammatory mediator. While there is scarce information on the role of 20-HETE inhibitors and its antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis, the elevation of EETs levels by sEH inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis patients. In addition, hybrid compounds, such as sEH inhibitors/FLAP inhibitors, or sEHI combined with NSAIDs/COXIBs are also important therapeutic target. However, studies investigating the effects of inflammation and rheumatic disease on CYP-mediated eicosanoid metabolism are necessary. Obtaining a better understanding of the complex role of CYP-derived eicosanoids in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis will provide valuable insight for basic and clinical researchers investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania
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Yong C, Devine SM, Gao X, Yan A, Callaghan R, Capuano B, Scammells PJ. A Novel Class of N-Sulfonyl and N-Sulfamoyl Noscapine Derivatives that Promote Mitotic Arrest in Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1968-1981. [PMID: 31714012 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Noscapine displays weak anticancer efficacy and numerous research efforts have attempted to generate more potent noscapine analogues. These modifications included the replacement of the N-methyl group in the 6'-position with a range of substituents, where N-ethylcarbamoyl substitution was observed to possess enhanced anticancer activity. Herein, we describe advances in this area, namely the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of N-sulfonyl and N-sulfamoyl noscapine derivatives. A number of these sulfonyl-containing noscapinoids demonstrated improved activities compared to noscapine. ((R)-5-((S)-4,5-Dimethoxy-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl)-4-methoxy-6-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline) (14 q) displayed sub-micromolar activities of 560, 980, 271 and 443 nM against MCF-7, PANC-1, MDA-MB-435 and SK-MEL-5 cells, respectively. This antiproliferative effect was also maintained against drug-resistant NCI/AdrRES cells despite high expression of the multidrug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Yong
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shane M Devine
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xuexin Gao
- Research School of Biology and Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Angelina Yan
- Research School of Biology and Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Richard Callaghan
- Research School of Biology and Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Laube M, Gassner C, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Synthesis and Cyclooxygenase Inhibition of Sulfonamide-Substituted (Dihydro)Pyrrolo[3,2,1- hi]indoles and Their Potential Prodrugs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203807. [PMID: 31652609 PMCID: PMC6832141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by radiolabeled ligands is attractive for the diagnosis of cancer, and novel highly affine leads with optimized pharmacokinetic profile are of great interest for future developments. Recent findings have shown that methylsulfonyl-substituted (dihydro)pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indoles represent highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors but possess unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties for radiotracer applications. Based on these results, we herein present the development and evaluation of a second series of sulfonamide-substituted (dihydro)pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indoles and their conversion into the respective more hydrophilic N-propionamide-substituted analogs. In comparison to the methylsulfonyl-substituted leads, COX inhibition potency and selectivity was retained in the sulfonamide-substituted compounds; however, the high lipophilicity might hinder their future use. The N-propionamide-substituted analogs showed a significantly decreased lipophilicity and, as expected, lower or no COX-inhibition potency. Hence, the N-(sulfonyl)propionamides can be regarded as potential prodrugs, which represents a potential approach for more sophisticated radiotracer developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cemena Gassner
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Multiplex profiling of inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators in Toxocara canis- and Toxocara cati-induced neurotoxocarosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007706. [PMID: 31557153 PMCID: PMC6762062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic migration of Toxocara canis- and T. cati-larvae in humans may cause neurotoxocarosis (NT) when larvae accumulate and persist in the central nervous system (CNS). Host- or parasite-induced immunoregulatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis; however, detailed data on involvement of bioactive lipid mediators, e.g. oxylipins or eico-/docosanoids, which are involved in the complex molecular signalling network during infection and inflammation, are lacking. Methodology/Principal findings To elucidate if T. canis- and T. cati-induced NT affects the homeostasis of oxylipins during the course of infection, a comprehensive lipidomic profiling in brains (cerebra and cerebella) of experimentally infected C57BL/6J mice was conducted at six different time points post infection (pi) by liquid-chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Only minor changes were detected regarding pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase pathway). In contrast, a significant increase of metabolites resulting from lipoxygenase pathways was observed for both infection groups and brain regions, implicating a predominantly anti-inflammatory driven immune response. This observation was supported by a significantly increased 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)/9-HODE ratio during the subacute phase of infection, indicating an anti-inflammatory response to neuroinfection. Except for the specialised pro-resolving mediator (SPM) neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), which was detected in mice infected with both pathogens during the subacute phase of infection, no other SPMs were detected. Conclusions/Significance The obtained results demonstrate the influence of Toxocara spp. on oxylipins as part of the immune response of the paratenic hosts. Furthermore, this study shows differences in the alteration of the oxylipin composition between T. canis- and T. cati-brain infection. Results contribute to a further understanding of the largely unknown pathogenesis and mechanisms of host-parasite interactions during NT. Neurotoxocarosis (NT) is induced by larvae of the zoonotic roundworms Toxocara canis and T. cati migrating and persisting in the central nervous system of paratenic hosts, and may be accompanied by severe neurological symptoms. Toxocara spp. are known to modulate the hosts’ immune response, but data concerning involvement of signalling molecules are lacking. An important class of mediators participating in the complex molecular signalling network during infection and inflammation are bioactive regulatory lipids, derived from arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. For a better understanding of inflammatory processes in the brain during an infection with Toxocara spp., a comprehensive analysis of regulatory lipids was conducted. The infection was predominantly characterised by only minor changes in the pattern of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, while anti-inflammatory metabolites, derived from lipoxygenase pathways, were significantly elevated in the subacute phase as well as in the beginning of the chronic phase of infection. This trend was also reflected in the 13-HODE/9-HODE ratio, a biomarker for the immunological status of an active infection. Obtained data provide a valuable insight in the host’s immune reaction as response against neuroinvasive Toxocara spp.-larvae, contributing to the characterisation of the mostly unknown pathogenesis of NT.
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Dong L, Anderson AJ, Malkowski MG. Arg-513 and Leu-531 Are Key Residues Governing Time-Dependent Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Aspirin and Celebrex. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3990-4002. [PMID: 31469551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin and Celebrex are well-known time-dependent inhibitors of the cyclooxygenases (COX). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Arg-513 and Leu-531 contribute to the structural mechanisms of COX inhibition. We used mutagenesis and functional analyses to characterize how substitutions at these positions influence time-dependent inhibition by aspirin and Celebrex. We show that substitutions of Leu-531 with asparagine and phenylalanine significantly attenuate time-dependent inhibition of COX-2 by these drugs. The introduction of side chain bulk, rigidity, and charge would disrupt the formation of the initial noncovalent complex, in the case of aspirin, and the "high-affinity" binding state, in the case of Celebrex. Substitution of Arg-513 with histidine (the equivalent residue in COX-1) resulted in a 2-fold potentiation of aspirin inhibition, in support of the hypothesis that the presence of histidine in COX-1 lowers the activation barrier associated with the formation of the initial noncovalent enzyme-inhibitor complex. As a corollary, we previously hypothesized that the flexibility associated with Leu-531 contributes to the binding of arachidonic acid (AA) to acetylated COX-2 to generate 15R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15R-HETE). We determined the X-ray crystal structure of AA bound to Co3+-protoporphyrin IX-reconstituted V349I murine COX-2 (muCOX-2). V349I muCOX-2 was utilized as a surrogate to trap AA in a conformation leading to 15R-HETE. AA binds in a C-shaped pose, facilitated by the rotation of the Leu-531 side chain. Ile-349 is positioned to sterically shield antarafacial oxygen addition at carbon-15 in a manner similar to that proposed for the acetylated Ser-530 side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University of Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Alyssa J Anderson
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University of Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Michael G Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University of Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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Diarylthiazole and diarylimidazole selective COX-1 inhibitor analysis through pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and DFT-based approaches. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mistletoe and Immunomodulation: Insights and Implications for Anticancer Therapies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5893017. [PMID: 31118962 PMCID: PMC6500636 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5893017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In early tumor development, cancer cells develop a plethora of strategies to escape surveillance from the adaptive and innate immune system. Cancer immunotherapies, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, are becoming a highly promising cancer therapeutic approach that has remarkable increased progress in combating various cancer types. Unfortunately, their mechanisms of action induce some complications, such as inflammatory reactions and immune-related adverse events. In the management of side effects during anticancer therapy, complementary and integrative therapy approaches are becoming of growing interest. Particularly, mistletoe, Viscum album L. (VA), has a long traditional history of about 100 years as an add-on therapy of cancer treatment in German-speaking countries. Besides antitumoral and quality of life-promoting activities, VA applications reduce side effects of modern conventional anticancer therapies and exert immunomodulatory characteristics. As these properties may provide a good basis for a combination with modern oncological therapies, the biological activities of VA applications and mechanisms involved have to be understood. In this review, the impact of VA compounds on different cellular pathways and immunological reactions in the fight against cancerous cells is discussed.
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Crivelli B, Bari E, Perteghella S, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Mocchi M, Faragò S, Tripodo G, Prina-Mello A, Torre ML. Silk fibroin nanoparticles for celecoxib and curcumin delivery: ROS-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sakr A, Kothayer H, Ibrahim SM, Baraka MM, Rezq S. 1,4-Dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl benzamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an improved gastric profile: Design, synthesis, COX-1/2 inhibitory activity and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Qiao J, Ma L, Roth J, Li Y, Liu Y. Kinetic basis for the activation of human cyclooxygenase-2 rather than cyclooxygenase-1 by nitric oxide. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:765-770. [PMID: 29308820 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02992f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) interacts with human cyclooxygenase (COX); however, conflicting results exist with respect to their interactions. Herein, recombinant human COX-1 and COX-2 were prepared and treated with NO donors individually under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The S-nitrosylation detection and subsequent kinetic investigations into the arachidonic acid (AA) oxidation of COX enzymes indicate that NO S-nitrosylates both COX-1 and COX-2 in an oxygen-dependent manner, but enhances only the dioxygenase activity of COX-2. The solution viscosity, deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIE), and oxygen-18 KIE experiments further demonstrate that NO activates COX-2 by altering the protein conformation to stimulate substrate association/product release and by accelerating the rate of hydrogen abstraction from AA by catalytic tyrosine radicals. These novel findings provide useful information for designing new drugs with less cardiotoxic effects that can block the interaction between NO and COX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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Lakshman TR, Deb J, Ghosh I, Sarkar S, Paine TK. Combining anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in ternary metal-NSAID complexes of a polypyridylamine ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Taylor DL, Gough A, Schurdak ME, Vernetti L, Chennubhotla CS, Lefever D, Pei F, Faeder JR, Lezon TR, Stern AM, Bahar I. Harnessing Human Microphysiology Systems as Key Experimental Models for Quantitative Systems Pharmacology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 260:327-367. [PMID: 31201557 PMCID: PMC6911651 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two technologies that have emerged in the last decade offer a new paradigm for modern pharmacology, as well as drug discovery and development. Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a complementary approach to traditional, target-centric pharmacology and drug discovery and is based on an iterative application of computational and systems biology methods with multiscale experimental methods, both of which include models of ADME-Tox and disease. QSP has emerged as a new approach due to the low efficiency of success in developing therapeutics based on the existing target-centric paradigm. Likewise, human microphysiology systems (MPS) are experimental models complementary to existing animal models and are based on the use of human primary cells, adult stem cells, and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to mimic human tissues and organ functions/structures involved in disease and ADME-Tox. Human MPS experimental models have been developed to address the relatively low concordance of human disease and ADME-Tox with engineered, experimental animal models of disease. The integration of the QSP paradigm with the use of human MPS has the potential to enhance the process of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chakra S Chennubhotla
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Lefever
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fen Pei
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James R Faeder
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Lezon
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tietz O, Kaur J, Bhardwaj A, Wuest FR. Pyrimidine-based fluorescent COX-2 inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7250-7. [PMID: 27383140 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and mediates inflammatory processes that aid the growth and progression of malignancies. Three novel and selective fluorescent COX-2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported pyrimidine-based COX-2 inhibitors and the 7-nitrobenzofurazan fluorophore. In vitro evaluation of COX-1/COX-2 isozyme inhibition identified N-(2-((7-nitro-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)propyl)-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoro-methyl)-pyrimidin-2-amine (6) as a novel potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 1.8 μM). Lead compound (6) was further evaluated for its ability to selectively visualize COX-2 isozyme in COX-2 expressing human colon cancer cell line HCA-7 using confocal microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Tietz
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, T6G 1Z2, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, T6G 1Z2, Edmonton, AB, Canada. and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, T6G 2H1, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, T6G 1Z2, Edmonton, AB, Canada. and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, T6G 2H1, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frank R Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, T6G 1Z2, Edmonton, AB, Canada. and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, T6G 2H1, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Singh P, Kaur J, Kaur H, Kaur A, Bhatti R. Synergy of Physico-chemical and Biological Experiments for Developing a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10005. [PMID: 29968808 PMCID: PMC6030096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of COX-2 overexpression in the development of cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases have made this enzyme a promising therapeutic target. Herein, COX-2 active site was analyzed and new molecules were designed. We identified a highly potent molecule (S)-3a with IC50 value and the selectivity for COX-2 0.6 nM and 1666, respectively. The MTD of (S)-3a was 2000 mg kg-1 and its pharmacokinetic studies in rat showed t1/2 7.5 h. This compound reversed acetic acid induced analgesia and carragennan induced inflammation by 50% and 25% in rat when used at a dose 10 mg kg-1. Mechanistically, it was found that compound (S)-3a inhibits COX-2. Overall, the combination of physico-chemical and biological experiments facilitated the development of a new lead molecule to anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Jagroop Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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Bourn J, Cekanova M. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiate receptor tyrosine kinase therapies in bladder cancer cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1727-1742. [PMID: 29942116 PMCID: PMC6005335 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s158518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) are used as targeted therapies for patients diagnosed with cancer with highly expressed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit receptor. Resistance to targeted therapies is partially due to the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study, we validated the effects of two RTKIs, axitinib and AB1010, in combination with COX inhibitors on the V-akt murine thymoma oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and COX-2 signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. Methods The expression of several RTKs and their downstream signaling targets was analyzed by Western blot (WB) analysis in human and canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. The effects of RTKIs and COX inhibitors in bladder TCC cells were assessed by MTS for cell viability, by Caspase-3/7 and Annexin V assay for apoptosis, by WB analysis for detection of COX-2 and Akt signaling pathways, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Results All tested TCC cells expressed the c-Kit and PDGFRα receptors, except human 5637 cells that had low RTKs expression. In addition, all tested cells expressed COX-1, COX-2, Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhance of activated B cells proteins, except human UM-UC-3 cells, where no COX-2 expression was detected by WB analysis. Both RTKIs inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in tested bladder TCC cells, which positively correlated with their expression levels of the PDGFRα and c-Kit receptors. RTKIs increased the expression of COX-2 in h-5637 and K9TCC#1Lillie cells. Co-treatment of indomethacin inhibited AB1010-induced COX-2 expression leading to an additive effect in inhibition of cell viability and PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Conclusion Co-treatment of RTKIs with indomethacin inhibited cell viability and AB1010-induced COX-2 expression resulting in decreased PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Thus, COX inhibition may further potentiate RTKIs therapies in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Myeloperoxidase in the inflamed colon: A novel target for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 645:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Litvan I. Preclinical, phase I, and phase II investigational clinical trials for treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:349-361. [PMID: 29602288 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1460356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our understanding of the pathological basis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), as the most common atypical parkinsonian syndrome, has greatly increased in recent years and a number of disease-modifying therapies are under evaluation as a result of these advances. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss disease-modifying therapeutic options which are currently under evaluation or have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials based on their targeted pathophysiologic process. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are broadly divided into three main categories: genetic mechanisms, abnormal post-translational modifications of tau protein, and transcellular tau spread. EXPERT OPINION Once the best therapeutic approaches are identified, it is likely that some combination of interventions will need to be evaluated, but this will take time. It is critical to treat patients at early stages, and development of the Movement Disorder Society PSP diagnostic criteria is an important step in this direction. In addition, development of biological biomarkers such as tau PET and further refinement of tau ligands may help both diagnose early and measure disease progression. In the meantime, a comprehensive, personalized interdisciplinary approach to this disease is absolutely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shoeibi
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Irene Litvan
- b UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences , Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Joy M, Elrashedy AA, Mathew B, Pillay AS, Mathews A, Dev S, Soliman ME, Sudarsanakumar C. Discovery of new class of methoxy carrying isoxazole derivatives as COX-II inhibitors: Investigation of a detailed molecular dynamics study. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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