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Zhang M, Chen D, Tian J, Cao J, Xie K, He Y, Yuan M. OsGELP77, a QTL for broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice, encodes a GDSL-type lipase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1352-1371. [PMID: 38100249 PMCID: PMC11022805 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolites have essential roles in plant-pathogen interactions. GDSL-type lipases are involved in lipid metabolism modulating lipid homeostasis. Some plant GDSLs modulate lipid metabolism altering hormone signal transduction to regulate host-defence immunity. Here, we functionally characterized a rice lipase, OsGELP77, promoting both immunity and yield. OsGELP77 expression was induced by pathogen infection and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpression of OsGELP77 enhanced rice resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, while loss-of-function of osgelp77 showed susceptibility. OsGELP77 localizes to endoplasmic reticulum and is a functional lipase hydrolysing universal lipid substrates. Lipidomics analyses demonstrate that OsGELP77 is crucial for lipid metabolism and lipid-derived JA homeostasis. Genetic analyses confirm that OsGELP77-modulated resistance depends on JA signal transduction. Moreover, population genetic analyses indicate that OsGELP77 expression level is positively correlated with rice resistance against pathogens. Three haplotypes were classified based on nucleotide polymorphisms in the OsGELP77 promoter where OsGELP77Hap3 is an elite haplotype. Three OsGELP77 haplotypes are differentially distributed in wild and cultivated rice, while OsGELP77Hap3 has been broadly pyramided for hybrid rice development. Furthermore, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and resistance evaluation of the constructed near-isogenic line validated OsGELP77, a QTL for broad-spectrum disease resistance. In addition, OsGELP77-modulated lipid metabolism promotes JA accumulation facilitating grain yield. Notably, the hub defence regulator OsWRKY45 acts upstream of OsGELP77 by initiating the JA-dependent signalling to trigger immunity. Together, OsGELP77, a QTL contributing to immunity and yield, is a candidate for breeding broad-spectrum resistant and high-yielding rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jingjing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kabin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Wang W, Ouyang J, Li Y, Zhai C, He B, Si H, Chen K, Rose JKC, Jia W. A signaling cascade mediating fruit trait development via phosphorylation-modulated nuclear accumulation of JAZ repressor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38558522 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors act to mediate jasmonate (JA) signaling via CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-mediated degradation. Here, we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor, FvJAZ12, mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry (Fragaria vesca). FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response, and was found to be the target of FvMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal stimuli. FvMPK6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues, thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYC2, which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3 (FvLOX3), an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular metabolisms. Our data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinyao Ouyang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yating Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huahan Si
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
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3
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Adigun OA, Pham TH, Grapov D, Nadeem M, Jewell LE, Galagedara L, Cheema M, Thomas R. Lipid mediated plant immunity in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38424489 PMCID: PMC10905861 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by Phytophthora sojae is currently estimated at $20B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid mediators in the adaptative strategies used by the host plant to limit infection. Since root is the initial site of this infection, we examined the infection process in soybean root infected with Phytophthora sojae using scanning electron microscopy to observe the changes in root morphology and a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid mediators to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. RESULTS The results reveal the presence of elevated biogenic crystals and more severe damaged cells in the root morphology of the infected susceptible cultivar compared to the infected tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant cultivar. CONCLUSION The altered lipidome reported in this study suggest diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid mediated lipid signalling impacting phytosterol anabolism appears to be a strategy used by tolerant soybean cultivars to successfully limit infection and colonization by Phytophthora sojae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Linda Elizabeth Jewell
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 204 Brookfield Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1E 6J5, Canada
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Department of Biology/Biotron Climate Change Experimental Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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4
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Han S, Xu X, Yuan H, Li S, Lin T, Liu Y, Li S, Zhu T. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Rust Resistance in Resistant (Youkang) and Susceptive (Tengjiao) Zanthoxylum armatum Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14761. [PMID: 37834210 PMCID: PMC10573174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese pepper rust is a live parasitic fungal disease caused by Coleosporium zanthoxyli, which seriously affects the cultivation and industrial development of Z. armatum. Cultivating and planting resistant cultivars is considered the most economical and environmentally friendly strategy to control this disease. Therefore, the mining of excellent genes for rust resistance and the analysis of the mechanism of rust resistance are the key strategies to achieve the targeted breeding of rust resistance. However, there is no relevant report on pepper rust resistance at present. The aim of the present study was to further explore the resistance mechanism of pepper by screening the rust-resistant germplasm resources in the early stage. Combined with the analysis of plant pathology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, we found that compared with susceptible cultivar TJ, resistant cultivar YK had 2752 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1253 up-, and 1499 downregulated) and 321 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 133 up- and 188 down-accumulated) after pathogen infection. And the genes and metabolites related to phenylpropanoid metabolism were highly enriched in resistant varieties, which indicated that phenylpropanoid metabolism might mediate the resistance of Z. armatum. This finding was further confirmed by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, which revealed that the expression levels of core genes involved in phenylpropane metabolism in disease-resistant varieties were high. In addition, the difference in flavonoid and MeJA contents in the leaves between resistant and susceptible varieties further supported the conclusion that the flavonoid pathway and methyl jasmonate may be involved in the formation of Chinese pepper resistance. Our research results not only help to better understand the resistance mechanism of Z. armatum rust but also contribute to the breeding and utilization of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Huan Yuan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yinggao Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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5
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Qiu Y, Wu X, Wen T, Hu L, Rui L, Zhang Y, Ye J. The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus candidate effector BxLip-3 targets the class I chitinases to suppress immunity in pine. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1033-1046. [PMID: 37448165 PMCID: PMC10423331 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipase is involved in lipid hydrolysis, which is related to nematodes' energy reserves and stress resistance. However, the role of lipases in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a notorious plant-parasitic nematode responsible for severe damage to pine forest ecosystems, remains largely obscure. Here, we characterized a class III lipase as a candidate effector and named it BxLip-3. It was transcriptionally up-regulated in the parasitic stages of B. xylophilus and specifically expressed in the oesophageal gland cells and the intestine. In addition, BxLip-3 suppressed cell death triggered by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns PsXEG1 and BxCDP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, and its Lipase-3 domain is essential for immunosuppression. Silencing of the BxLip-3 gene resulted in a delay in disease onset and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Plant chitinases are thought to be PR proteins involved in the defence system against pathogen attack. Using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we identified two class I chitinases in Pinus thunbergii, PtChia1-3 and PtChia1-4, as targets of BxLip-3. The expression of these two chitinases was up-regulated during B. xylophilus inoculation and inhibited by BxLip-3. Overall, this study illustrated that BxLip-3 is a crucial virulence factor that plays a critical role in the interaction between B. xylophilus and host pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Jun Qiu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao‐Qin Wu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong‐Yue Wen
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Long‐Jiao Hu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Lin Rui
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian‐Ren Ye
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive SpeciesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Ji Z, Wang M, Zhang S, Du Y, Cong J, Yan H, Guo H, Xu B, Zhou Z. GDSL Esterase/Lipase GELP1 Involved in the Defense of Apple Leaves against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10343. [PMID: 37373491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GDSL esterases/lipases are a subclass of lipolytic enzymes that play critical roles in plant growth and development, stress response, and pathogen defense. However, the GDSL esterase/lipase genes involved in the pathogen response of apple remain to be identified and characterized. Thus, in this study, we aimed to analyze the phenotypic difference between the resistant variety, Fuji, and susceptible variety, Gala, during infection with C. gloeosporioides, screen for anti-disease-associated proteins in Fuji leaves, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that GDSL esterase/lipase protein GELP1 contributed to C. gloeosporioides infection defense in apple. During C. gloeosporioides infection, GELP1 expression was significantly upregulated in Fuji. Fuji leaves exhibited a highly resistant phenotype compared with Gala leaves. The formation of infection hyphae of C. gloeosporioides was inhibited in Fuji. Moreover, recombinant His:GELP1 protein suppressed hyphal formation during infection in vitro. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that GELP1-eGFP localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts. GELP1 overexpression in GL-3 plants increased resistance to C. gloeosporioides. MdWRKY15 expression was upregulated in the transgenic lines. Notably, GELP1 transcript levels were elevated in GL-3 after salicylic acid treatment. These results suggest that GELP1 increases apple resistance to C. gloeosporioides by indirectly regulating salicylic acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Shuwu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yinan Du
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Jialin Cong
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Haimeng Guo
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongshan Zhou
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
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7
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Liang Y, Huang Y, Liu C, Chen K, Li M. Functions and interaction of plant lipid signalling under abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:361-378. [PMID: 36719102 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the primary form of energy storage and a major component of plasma membranes, which form the interface between the cell and the extracellular environment. Several lipids - including phosphoinositide, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, and free fatty acids - also serve as substrates for the generation of signalling molecules. Abiotic stresses, such as drought and temperature stress, are known to affect plant growth. In addition, abiotic stresses can activate certain lipid-dependent signalling pathways that control the expression of stress-responsive genes and contribute to plant stress adaptation. Many studies have focused either on the enzymatic production and metabolism of lipids, or on the mechanisms of abiotic stress response. However, there is little information regarding the roles of plant lipids in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe the metabolism of plant lipids and discuss their involvement in plant responses to abiotic stress. As such, this review provides crucial background for further research on the interactions between plant lipids and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Guilin, China
| | - Y Huang
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Guilin, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Yin W, Bai Y, Wang S, Xu K, Liang J, Shang Q, Sa W, Wang L. Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14899. [PMID: 37025870 PMCID: PMC10070925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning PR-1 family members in Qingke plants (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). In this work, we distinguished 20 PR-1s from the Qingke genome whose encoded proteins often featured at the N-terminus a signal peptide; all 20 PR-1s were predicted to localize either periplasmically or extracellularly. The CAP domain was confirmed as being highly conserved in all these PR-1s. Phylogeny-based inference revealed that PR-1 proteins clustered into four major clades, with the majority of Qingke PR-1s distributed in clade I (17 out 20), and the other 3 distributed in clade II. Gene structure analysis showed that 16 PR-1s did not contain any introns, whereas the other four had 1-4 introns. We identified a variety of motifs that are cis-acting in the promoter regions of PR-1s; these included those potentially involved in Qingke's light response, hormonal and stress responses, circadian control and regulation of development and growth, in addition to sites where transcription factors bind to. Expression analysis uncovered several members of PR-1 genes that were strongly and rapidly induced by powdery mildew infection, phytohormones, and cold stimulus. Altogether, our study's findings enhance what is known about genetic features of PR-1 family members in H. vulgare plants, especially Qingke, and could thereby facilitate further exploration aiming to elucidate the functioning of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuhai Bai
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Qianhan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Lipid metabolic characteristics and marker compounds of ripened Pu-erh tea during pile fermentation revealed by LC-MS-based lipidomics. Food Chem 2023; 404:134665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Li S, Shi T, Lyu M, Wang R, Xu A, Chen L, Luo R, Sun Y, Guo X, Liu J, Wang H, Gao Y. Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044229. [PMID: 36835638 PMCID: PMC9963955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors play key roles in the nuclear translocation of disease resistance proteins, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene SAD2 encodes an importin β-like protein. A transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing SAD2 (OESAD2/Col-0) showed obvious resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) compared to the wild type (Col-0), but the knockout mutant sad2-5 was susceptible. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on Col-0, OESAD2/Col-0, and sad2-5 leaves at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days post-inoculation with Pst DC3000. A total of 1825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as putative biotic stress defense genes regulated by SAD2, 45 of which overlapped between the SAD2 knockout and overexpression datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were broadly involved in single-organism cellular metabolic processes and in response to stimulatory stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathway analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other specialized metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed that a large number of ERF/AP2, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were involved in SAD2-mediated plant disease resistance. These results provide a basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanisms associated with SAD2-mediated disease resistance and establish a set of key candidate disease resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andi Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Rong Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
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11
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Ji H, Li T, Li X, Li J, Yu J, Zhang X, Liu D. XopZ and ORP1C cooperate to regulate the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on Nipponbare. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2035126. [PMID: 35184695 PMCID: PMC8959505 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2035126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has always been considered to be one of the most severe worldwide diseases in rice. Xoo strains usually use the highly conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effectors into rice cells and further suppress the host's immunity. Previous studies reported that different Xanthomonas outer protein (Xop) effectors include XopZ from one strain appear to share functional redundancies on suppressing rice PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). But only xopZ, except other xop genes, could significantly impaire Xoo virulence when individually deleting in PXO99 strains. Thus, the XopZ effector should not only suppress rice PTI pathway, but also has other unknown indispensable pathological functions in PXO99-rice interactions. Here, we also found that ∆xopZ mutant strains displayed lower virulence on Nipponbare leaves compared with PXO99 strains. We identified an oxysterol-binding related protein, ORP1C, as a XopZ-interacting protein in rice. Further studies found that rice ORP1C preliminarily played a positive role in regulating the resistance to PXO99 strains, and XopZ-ORP1C interactions cooperated to regulate the compatible interactions of PXO99-Nipponbare rice. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and PTI marker gene expression data indicated that ORP1C were not directly relevant to the PTI pathway in rice. The deeper mechanisms underlying XopZ-ORP1C interaction and how XopZ and ORP1C cooperate for regulating the PXO99-rice interactions require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ji
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Guo J, Cao P, Yuan L, Xia G, Zhang H, Li J, Wang F. Revealing the contribution of GbPR10.5D1 to resistance against Verticillium dahliae and its regulation for structural defense and immune signaling. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20271. [PMID: 36281215 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important family of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, the functional diversification and roles of PR10s in biotic stress have been well documented. However, the molecular basis of PR10s in plant defense responses against pathogens remains to be further understood. In the present study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship and function of a novel PR10 named GbPR10.5D1 in Sea-Island (or Pima or Egyptian) cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), which has been identified as a Verticillium dahliae Kleb.-induced protein in a previous proteomics study. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GbPR10.5D1, located on chromosome 2, is a unique member of GbPR10. The expression of GbPR10.5D1 was preferably in the root and induced upon V. dahliae infection. GbPR10.5D1 proteins were distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm. GbPR10.5D1-virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, whereas overexpression (OE) of GbPR10.5D1 in cotton enhanced the resistance. By comparative transcriptome analysis between GbPR10.5D1-OE and wild-type (WT) plants and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification, we found transcriptional activation of genes involved in cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling under normal conditions. Upon pathogen infection, defense signaling, fatty acid degradation, and glycerolipid metabolism were specifically activated in GbPR10.5D1-OE plants; biological processes (BPs), including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, DNA replication, and cell wall organization, were specifically repressed in WT plants. Collectively, we proposed that GbPR10.5D1 possibly mediated lipid metabolism pathway to strengthen structural defense and activate defense signaling, which largely released the repression of cell growth caused by V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Univ., Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Peihua Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Univ., Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Leitian Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Univ., Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Guixian Xia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huanyang Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng, Shanxi, 044000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng, Shanxi, 044000, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Univ., Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Song S, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Sheng C, Zhou W, Dossou SSK, Wang L, You J, Zhou R, Wei X, Zhang X. Metabolome genome-wide association study provides biochemical and genetic insights into natural variation of primary metabolites in sesame. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1051-1069. [PMID: 36176211 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants' primary metabolites are of great importance from the survival and nutritional perspectives. However, the genetic bases underlying the profiles of primary metabolites in oilseed crops remain largely unclear. As one of the main oilseed crops, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential model plant for investigating oil metabolism in plants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to disclose the genetic variants associated with variation in the content of primary metabolites in sesame. We performed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of primary metabolites in 412 diverse sesame accessions using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified a total of 45 metabolites, including fatty acids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and amino acids. Genome-wide association study unveiled 433 significant single-nucleotide polymorphism loci associated with variation in primary metabolite contents in sesame. By integrating diverse genomic analyses, we identified 10 key candidate causative genes of variation in MAG, fatty acid, asparagine, and sucrose contents. Among them, SiDSEL was significantly associated with multiple traits. SiCAC3 and SiKASI were strongly associated with variation in oleic acid and linoleic acid contents. Overexpression of SiCAC3, SiKASI, SiLTPI.25, and SiLTPI.26 in transgenic Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that SiCAC3 is a potential target gene for improvement of unsaturated fatty acid levels in crops. Furthermore, we found that it may be possible to breed several quality traits in sesame simultaneously. Our results provide valuable genetic resources for improving sesame seed quality and our understanding of oilseed crops' primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Wangyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
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14
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Megha S, Wang Z, Kav NNV, Rahman H. Genome-wide identification of biotin carboxyl carrier subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:707. [PMID: 36253756 PMCID: PMC9578262 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of Acetyl CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in a committed step during the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Lipids, lipid metabolites, lipid-metabolizing and -modifying enzymes are known to play a role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this regard, an understanding of the Brassica napus BCCP genes will aid in the improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in canola. Results In this study, we identified 43 BCCP genes in five Brassica species based on published genome data. Among them, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea had six, seven, seven, 10 and 13 BCCP homologs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis categorized them into five classes, each with unique conserved domains. The promoter regions of all BCCP genes contained stress-related cis-acting elements as determined by cis-element analysis. We identified four and three duplicated gene pairs (segmental) in B. napus and B. juncea respectively, indicating the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of orthologous gene pairs between Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species were mostly less than 1.0, implying that purifying selection, i.e., selective removal of deleterious alleles, played a role during the evolution of Brassica genomes. Analysis of 10 BnaBCCP genes using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern of expression because of exposure of the plants to biotic stresses, such as clubroot and sclerotinia diseases, and abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature and salinity stresses. Conclusions The identification and functional analysis of the Brassica BCCPs demonstrated that some of these genes might play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Results from this study could lay the foundation for a better understanding of these genes for the improvement of Brassica crops for stress tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08920-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Megha
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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15
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Pranneshraj V, Sangha MK, Djalovic I, Miladinovic J, Djanaguiraman M. Lipidomics-Assisted GWAS (lGWAS) Approach for Improving High-Temperature Stress Tolerance of Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169389. [PMID: 36012660 PMCID: PMC9409476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress (HT) over crop productivity is an important environmental factor demanding more attention as recent global warming trends are alarming and pose a potential threat to crop production. According to the Sixth IPCC report, future years will have longer warm seasons and frequent heat waves. Thus, the need arises to develop HT-tolerant genotypes that can be used to breed high-yielding crops. Several physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations are orchestrated in providing HT tolerance to a genotype. One mechanism to counter HT is overcoming high-temperature-induced membrane superfluidity and structural disorganizations. Several HT lipidomic studies on different genotypes have indicated the potential involvement of membrane lipid remodelling in providing HT tolerance. Advances in high-throughput analytical techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry have paved the way for large-scale identification and quantification of the enormously diverse lipid molecules in a single run. Physiological trait-based breeding has been employed so far to identify and select HT tolerant genotypes but has several disadvantages, such as the genotype-phenotype gap affecting the efficiency of identifying the underlying genetic association. Tolerant genotypes maintain a high photosynthetic rate, stable membranes, and membrane-associated mechanisms. In this context, studying the HT-induced membrane lipid remodelling, resultant of several up-/down-regulations of genes and post-translational modifications, will aid in identifying potential lipid biomarkers for HT tolerance/susceptibility. The identified lipid biomarkers (LIPIDOTYPE) can thus be considered an intermediate phenotype, bridging the gap between genotype–phenotype (genotype–LIPIDOTYPE–phenotype). Recent works integrating metabolomics with quantitative genetic studies such as GWAS (mGWAS) have provided close associations between genotype, metabolites, and stress-tolerant phenotypes. This review has been sculpted to provide a potential workflow that combines MS-based lipidomics and the robust GWAS (lipidomics assisted GWAS-lGWAS) to identify membrane lipid remodelling related genes and associations which can be used to develop HS tolerant genotypes with enhanced membrane thermostability (MTS) and heat stable photosynthesis (HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Velumani Pranneshraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Jegor Miladinovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
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Analysis of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152001. [PMID: 35956479 PMCID: PMC9370628 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is the main disease threat of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), resulting in huge economic losses every year. SSR resistance manifests as quantitative disease resistance (QDR), and no gene with complete SSR resistance has been cloned or reported so far. Transcriptome analysis has revealed a large number of defense-related genes and response processes. However, the similarities and differences in the defense responses of different tissues are rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed the similarities and differences of different tissues in response to S. sclerotiorum at 24 h post inoculation (hpi) by using the published transcriptome data for respective leaf and stem inoculation. At 24 hpi, large differences in gene expression exist in leaf and stem, and there are more differentially expressed genes and larger expression differences in leaf. The leaf is more sensitive to S. sclerotiorum and shows a stronger response than stem. Different defense responses appear in the leaf and stem, and the biosynthesis of lignin, callose, lectin, chitinase, PGIP, and PR protein is activated in leaf. In the stem, lipid metabolism-mediated defense responses are obviously enhanced. For the common defense responses in both leaf and stem, the chain reactions resulting from signal transduction and biological process take the primary responsibility. This research will be beneficial to exploit the potential of different tissues in plant defense and find higher resistance levels of genotypic variability in different environments. Our results are significant in the identification of resistance genes and analysis of defense mechanisms.
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17
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Scavenging of ROS After Eugenol Treatment as Mechanism of Slowing Down Membrane Lipid Metabolism to Maintain the Surface Color of Fresh-Cut Yam. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Xu XJ, Geng C, Jiang SY, Zhu Q, Yan ZY, Tian YP, Li XD. A maize triacylglycerol lipase inhibits sugarcane mosaic virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:754-771. [PMID: 35294544 PMCID: PMC9157127 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) plays critical roles in providing energy for seed germination and plant development. However, the role of TGL in regulating plant virus infection is largely unknown. In this study, we adopted affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry and identified that a maize (Zea mays) pathogenesis-related lipase protein Z. mays TGL (ZmTGL) interacted with helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed that ZmTGL directly interacted with SCMV HC-Pro in vitro and in vivo. The 101-460 residues of SCMV HC-Pro were important for its interaction with ZmTGL. ZmTGL and SCMV HC-Pro co-localized at the mitochondria. Silencing of ZmTGL facilitated SCMV infection, and over-expression of ZmTGL reduced the RNA silencing suppression activity, most likely through reducing HC-Pro accumulation. Our results provided evidence that the lipase hydrolase activity of ZmTGL was associated with reducing HC-Pro accumulation, activation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense response, and inhibition of SCMV infection. We show that ZmTGL inhibits SCMV infection by reducing HC-Pro accumulation and activating the SA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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Gong P, Kang J, Sadeghnezhad E, Bao R, Ge M, Zhuge Y, Shangguan L, Fang J. Transcriptional Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Grapevine ( Vitis L.) Reveals Hypersensitive Responses to Plasmopara viticola. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846504. [PMID: 35572700 PMCID: PMC9097084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew is the most serious disease of grapevine cultivars that affects the rate of resistance/susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. In this study, we used the susceptible cultivar "Zitian Seedless" and the resistant cultivar "Kober 5BB" as materials to determine the transcriptome differences and phenotypes of the leaves after inoculation with downy mildew. The differences in microstructures and molecular levels were compared and analyzed. Fluorescence staining and microscopic observations confirmed that hypersensitive cell death occurred around the stomata in "Kober 5BB" infected by downy mildew zoospores. Meanwhile, transcriptomic profiling indicated that there were 11,713 and 6,997 gene expression differences between the resistant and susceptible cultivars at 72 h after inoculation when compared to control (0 h), respectively. The differentially expressed genes of the two cultivars are significantly enriched in different pathways, including response to plant-pathogen interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results of functional enrichment analysis showed that H2O2 metabolism, cell death, reactive oxygen response, and carbohydrate metabolism are also involved in the defense response of "Kober 5BB," wherein a total of 322 key genes have been identified. The protein interaction network showed that metacaspases (MCAs), vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs), and Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) play an important role in the execution of hypersensitive responses (HR). In conclusion, we demonstrated that HR cell death is the key strategy in the process of grape defense against downy mildew, which may be mediated or activated by Caspase-like proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bao
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqing Ge
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxian Zhuge
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Microbial interaction mediated programmed cell death in plants. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 35096500 PMCID: PMC8761208 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food demand of growing population can only be met by finding solutions for sustaining the crop yield. The understanding of basic mechanisms employed by microorganisms for the establishment of parasitic relationship with plants is a complex phenomenon. Symbionts and biotrophs are dependent on living hosts for completing their life cycle, whereas necrotrophs utilize dead cells for their growth and establishment. Hemibiotrophs as compared to other microbes associate themselves with plants in two phase's, viz. early bio-phase and later necro-phase. Plants and microbes interact with each other using receptors present on host cell surface and elicitors (PAMPs and effectors) produced by microbes. Plant-microbe interaction either leads to compatible or incompatible reaction. In response to various biotic and abiotic stress factors, plant undergoes programmed cell death which restricts the growth of biotrophs or hemibiotrophs while necrotrophs as an opportunist starts growing on dead tissue for their own benefit. PCD regulation is an outcome of plant-microbe crosstalk which entirely depends on various biochemical events like generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, ionic efflux/influx, CLPs, biosynthesis of phytohormones, phytoalexins, polyamines and certain pathogenesis-related proteins. This phenomenon mostly occurs in resistant and non-host plants during invasion of pathogenic microbes. The compatible or incompatible host-pathogen interaction depends upon the presence or absence of host plant resistance and pathogenic race. In addition to host-pathogen interaction, the defense induction by beneficial microbes must also be explored and used to the best of its potential. This review highlights the mechanism of microbe- or symbiont-mediated PCD along with defense induction in plants towards symbionts, biotrophs, necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs. Here we have also discussed the possible use of beneficial microbes in inducing systemic resistance in plants against pathogenic microbes.
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21
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Nantongo JS, Potts BM, Frickey T, Telfer E, Dungey H, Fitzgerald H, O'Reilly-Wapstra JM. Analysis of the transcriptome of the needles and bark of Pinus radiata induced by bark stripping and methyl jasmonate. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:52. [PMID: 35026979 PMCID: PMC8759178 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are attacked by diverse insect and mammalian herbivores and respond with different physical and chemical defences. Transcriptional changes underlie these phenotypic changes. Simulated herbivory has been used to study the transcriptional and other early regulation events of these plant responses. In this study, constitutive and induced transcriptional responses to artificial bark stripping are compared in the needles and the bark of Pinus radiata to the responses from application of the plant stressor, methyl jasmonate. The time progression of the responses was assessed over a 4-week period. RESULTS Of the 6312 unique transcripts studied, 86.6% were differentially expressed between the needles and the bark prior to treatment. The most abundant constitutive transcripts were related to defence and photosynthesis and their expression did not differ between the needles and the bark. While no differential expression of transcripts were detected in the needles following bark stripping, in the bark this treatment caused an up-regulation and down-regulation of genes associated with primary and secondary metabolism. Methyl jasmonate treatment caused differential expression of transcripts in both the bark and the needles, with individual genes related to primary metabolism more responsive than those associated with secondary metabolism. The up-regulation of genes related to sugar break-down and the repression of genes related with photosynthesis, following both treatments was consistent with the strong down-regulation of sugars that has been observed in the same population. Relative to the control, the treatments caused a differential expression of genes involved in signalling, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as defence and water stress. However, non-overlapping transcripts were detected between the needles and the bark, between treatments and at different times of assessment. Methyl jasmonate induced more transcriptional responses in the bark than bark stripping, although the peak of expression following both treatments was detected 7 days post treatment application. The effects of bark stripping were localised, and no systemic changes were detected in the needles. CONCLUSION There are constitutive and induced differences in the needle and bark transcriptome of Pinus radiata. Some expression responses to bark stripping may differ from other biotic and abiotic stresses, which contributes to the understanding of plant molecular responses to diverse stresses. Whether the gene expression changes are heritable and how they differ between resistant and susceptible families identified in earlier studies needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Nantongo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Mukono, Uganda.
| | - B M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | | | - H Fitzgerald
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - J M O'Reilly-Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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22
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Comparative analysis of carotenoids and metabolite characteristics in discolored red pepper and normal red pepper based on non-targeted metabolomics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Pretorius CJ, Zeiss DR, Dubery IA. The presence of oxygenated lipids in plant defense in response to biotic stress: a metabolomics appraisal. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1989215. [PMID: 34968410 PMCID: PMC9208797 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1989215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent lipid-based findings suggest more direct roles for fatty acids and their degradation products in inducing/modulating various aspects of plant defense, e.g. as signaling molecules following stress responses that may regulate plant innate immunity. The synthesis of oxylipins is a highly dynamic process and occurs in both a developmentally regulated mode and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. This mini-review summarizes the occurrence of free - and oxygenated fatty acid derivatives in plants as part of an orchestrated metabolic defense against pathogen attack. Oxygenated C18 derived polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by untargeted metabolomics studies of a number of different plant-microbe pathosystems and may serve as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomics in combination with targeted lipidomics, can uncover previously unrecognized aspects of lipid mobilization during plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel J. Pretorius
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Dylan R. Zeiss
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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24
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Gutierrez N, Torres AM. QTL dissection and mining of candidate genes for Ascochyta fabae and Orobanche crenata resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:551. [PMID: 34809555 PMCID: PMC8607628 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg. and broomrape (Orobanche crenata) are among the economically most significant pathogens of faba bean. Several QTLs conferring resistance against the two pathogens have been identified and validated in different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to saturate the most stable QTLs for ascochyta and broomrape resistance in two Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) populations, 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, to identify candidate genes conferring resistance against these two pathogens. RESULTS We exploited the synteny between faba bean and the model species Medicago truncatula by selecting a set of 219 genes encoding putative WRKY transcription factors and defense related proteins falling within the target QTL intervals, for genotyping and marker saturation in the two RIL populations. Seventy and 50 of the candidate genes could be mapped in 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, respectively. Besides the strong reduction of the QTL intervals, the mapping process allowed replacing previous dominant and pedigree-specific RAPD flanking markers with robust and transferrable SNP markers, revealing promising candidates for resistance against the two pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Although further efforts in association mapping and expression studies will be required to corroborate the candidate genes for resistance, the fine-mapping approach proposed here increases the genetic resolution of relevant QTL regions and paves the way for an efficient deployment of useful alleles for faba bean ascochyta and broomrape resistance through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gutierrez
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, E-14080, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ana M Torres
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, E-14080, Córdoba, Spain
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25
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 PMCID: PMC8593000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Gao L, Pei Y, Ge Z, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. GhPLP2 Positively Regulates Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749630. [PMID: 34795685 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-388437/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have non-specific lipid acyl hydrolysis (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well documented. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense responses against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) PLP gene GhPLP2. The expression of GhPLP2 was induced upon treatment with Verticillium dahliae, the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ETH) in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants were more susceptible to infection by V. dahliae, while the overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to V. dahliae, which was apparent as mild symptoms, and a decrease in the disease index and fungal biomass. The hypersensitive response, deposition of callose, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahliae elicitor were reduced in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. The overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and facilitated the biosynthesis of JA and JA-mediated defensive responses. GhPLP2 silencing in cotton plants consistently reduced the accumulation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) and suppressed the biosynthesis of JA and the defensive responses mediated by JA. These results indicate that GhPLP2 is involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activating the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyue Ge
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, Rui C, Zhang H, Xu N, Dai M, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang S, Chen C, Guo L, Zhao L, Ye W. Melatonin Improves Cotton Salt Tolerance by Regulating ROS Scavenging System and Ca 2 + Signal Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:693690. [PMID: 34262587 PMCID: PMC8273866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.693690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As one of the cash crops, cotton is facing the threat of abiotic stress during its growth and development. It has been reported that melatonin is involved in plant defense against salt stress, but whether melatonin can improve cotton salt tolerance and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in cotton salt tolerance by silencing melatonin synthesis gene and exogenous melatonin application in upland cotton. In this study, applicating of melatonin can improve salt tolerance of cotton seedlings. The content of endogenous melatonin was different in cotton varieties with different salt tolerance. The inhibition of melatonin biosynthesis related genes and endogenous melatonin content in cotton resulted in the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity, Ca2+ content and salt tolerance of cotton. To explore the protective mechanism of exogenous melatonin against salt stress by RNA-seq analysis. Melatonin played an important role in the resistance of cotton to salt stress, improved the salt tolerance of cotton by regulating antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, plant hormones, signal molecules and Ca2+ signal transduction. This study proposed a regulatory network for melatonin to regulate cotton's response to salt stress, which provided a theoretical basis for improving cotton's salt tolerance.
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28
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Bhatia G, Upadhyay SK, Upadhyay A, Singh K. Investigation of long non-coding RNAs as regulatory players of grapevine response to powdery and downy mildew infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34103007 PMCID: PMC8186045 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts of length > 200 nt. Owing to the rapidly progressing RNA-sequencing technologies, lncRNAs are emerging as considerable nodes in the plant antifungal defense networks. Therefore, we investigated their role in Vitis vinifera (grapevine) in response to obligate biotrophic fungal phytopathogens, Erysiphe necator (powdery mildew, PM) and Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew, DM), which impose huge agro-economic burden on grape-growers worldwide. RESULTS Using computational approach based on RNA-seq data, 71 PM- and 83 DM-responsive V. vinifera lncRNAs were identified and comprehensively examined for their putative functional roles in plant defense response. V. vinifera protein coding sequences (CDS) were also profiled based on expression levels, and 1037 PM-responsive and 670 DM-responsive CDS were identified. Next, co-expression analysis-based functional annotation revealed their association with gene ontology (GO) terms for 'response to stress', 'response to biotic stimulus', 'immune system process', etc. Further investigation based on analysis of domains, enzyme classification, pathways enrichment, transcription factors (TFs), interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs), and real-time quantitative PCR of lncRNAs and co-expressing CDS pairs suggested their involvement in modulation of basal and specific defense responses such as: Ca2+-dependent signaling, cell wall reinforcement, reactive oxygen species metabolism, pathogenesis related proteins accumulation, phytohormonal signal transduction, and secondary metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the identified lncRNAs provide insights into the underlying intricacy of grapevine transcriptional reprogramming/post-transcriptional regulation to delay or seize the living cell-dependent pathogen growth. Therefore, in addition to defense-responsive genes such as TFs, the identified lncRNAs can be further examined and leveraged to candidates for biotechnological improvement/breeding to enhance fungal stress resistance in this susceptible fruit crop of economic and nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Anuradha Upadhyay
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Solapur Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Mehta S, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Fight Hard or Die Trying: Current Status of Lipid Signaling during Plant-Pathogen Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34070722 PMCID: PMC8228701 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a substantial threat to food availability, accessibility, and security as they account for economic losses of nearly $300 billion on a global scale. Although various strategies exist to reduce the impact of diseases, they can introduce harmful chemicals to the food chain and have an impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and exploit the plants' immune systems to control the spread of pathogens and enable sustainable agriculture. Recently, growing pieces of evidence suggest a functional myriad of lipids to be involved in providing structural integrity, intracellular and extracellular signal transduction mediators to substantial cross-kingdom cell signaling at the host-pathogen interface. Furthermore, some pathogens recognize or exchange plant lipid-derived signals to identify an appropriate host or development, whereas others activate defense-related gene expression. Typically, the membrane serves as a reservoir of lipids. The set of lipids involved in plant-pathogen interaction includes fatty acids, oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. Overall, lipid signals influence plant-pathogen interactions at various levels ranging from the communication of virulence factors to the activation and implementation of host plant immune defenses. The current review aims to summarize the progress made in recent years regarding the involvement of lipids in plant-pathogen interaction and their crucial role in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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30
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Magalhaes IP, Marques JPR, Gomes ME, Scaloppi Junior EJ, Fischer IH, Furtado EL, Pinheiro Henrique RL, Veréchia Rodrigues FT, Firmino AC. Structural and Biochemical Aspects Related to Resistance and Susceptibility of Rubber Tree Clones to Anthracnose. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050985. [PMID: 34069304 PMCID: PMC8156239 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate structural and biochemical aspects related to the interaction of resistant (RRIM 937, IAC 502 and 507) and susceptible (RRIM 600) rubber tree clones with C. tamarillo. For such analysis, ultrathin sections of the leaf limb were embedded in historesin and differently stained to verify structural alterations and presence of starch grains, arginine, lipids, tannins and lignins. The total proteins and activity of the enzymes peroxidase and (PAL) were quantified. Stomatal density was also analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. Data indicated alterations in the cell content of resistant clones inoculated with the pathogen, as well as greater lignin and lipid accumulation in these samples. For tannins, there was no difference between inoculated and non-inoculated clones. Arginine was found at greater quantities in IAC 502 and 507. Starch grains were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Protein level and stomatal density were lower in resistant clones. Peroxidase activity was more expressive in resistant clones. PAL activity, there was no significant difference between clones. The lignin and lipids, total protein, peroxidase activity and stomatal density may be related to the resistance of rubber tree clones to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ponso Magalhaes
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo State, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (R.L.P.H.); (F.T.V.R.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - João Paulo Rodrigues Marques
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Marcela Eloi Gomes
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo State, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (R.L.P.H.); (F.T.V.R.)
| | - Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior
- Center of Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Votuporanga 15505-970, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Ivan Herman Fischer
- Central-West Regional Center, São Paulo’s Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Bauru 17030-000, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Edson Luiz Furtado
- School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18610-034, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Rodney Lucio Pinheiro Henrique
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo State, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (R.L.P.H.); (F.T.V.R.)
| | - Flavia Thomaz Veréchia Rodrigues
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo State, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (R.L.P.H.); (F.T.V.R.)
| | - Ana Carolina Firmino
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo State, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (R.L.P.H.); (F.T.V.R.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (A.C.F.)
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Spatial and developmental regulation of putative genes associated with the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and pyrethrin I in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Han K, Li R, Xu G, Han Y, Cui F, Fan S, Seim I, Fan G, Li G, Wan S. Insights into amphicarpy from the compact genome of the legume Amphicarpaea edgeworthii. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:952-965. [PMID: 33236503 PMCID: PMC8131047 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphicarpy (seed heteromorphy) is a unique and fascinating reproductive strategy wherein a single plant produces both aerial and subterranean fruits. This strategy is believed to be an adaptation to life under stressful or uncertain environments. Here, we sequenced and de novo assembled a chromosome-level genome assembly of the legume Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. The 299-Mb A. edgeworthii genome encodes 27 899 protein-coding genes and is the most compact sequenced legume genome reported until date. Its reduced genome size may be attributed to the reduced long-terminal repeat retrotransposon content, which stems from the unequal homologous recombination. Gene families related to immunity and stress resistance have been contracted in A. edgeworthii, which is consistent with the notion that the amphicarpic reproductive strategy may be a complementary mechanism for its weak environmental-adaptation ability. We demonstrated the 'ABCE' model for the differentiation of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. In addition, the characteristics of aerial and subterranean seeds in hard-seededness were explored. Thus, we suggest that the A. edgeworthii genome, which is the first of an amphicarpic plant, offers significant insights into its unusual reproductive strategy that is a key resource towards comprehending the evolution of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- Bio‐technology Research CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Kai Han
- BGI‐QingdaoBGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
| | - Rongchong Li
- Bio‐technology Research CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
| | - Guoxin Xu
- Shandong Rice Research InstituteShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
| | - Yan Han
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Feng Cui
- Bio‐technology Research CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology LaboratoryCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI‐QingdaoBGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Guowei Li
- Bio‐technology Research CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
| | - Shubo Wan
- Bio‐technology Research CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nanChina
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Sellés-Marchart S, Casas JL. Proteome changes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves induced by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33407137 PMCID: PMC7788789 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid attack induces defense responses in plants activating several signaling cascades that led to the production of toxic, repellent or antinutritive compounds and the consequent reorganization of the plant primary metabolism. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf proteomic response against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has been investigated and analyzed by LC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Infestation with an initially low density (20 aphids/plant) of aphids restricted to a single leaf taking advantage of clip cages resulted in 6 differentially expressed proteins relative to control leaves (3 proteins at 2 days post-infestation and 3 proteins at 4 days post-infestation). Conversely, when plants were infested with a high density of infestation (200 aphids/plant) 140 proteins resulted differentially expressed relative to control leaves (97 proteins at 2 days post-infestation, 112 proteins at 4 days post-infestation and 105 proteins at 7 days post-infestation). The majority of proteins altered by aphid attack were involved in photosynthesis and photorespiration, oxidative stress, translation, protein folding and degradation and amino acid metabolism. Other proteins identified were involved in lipid, carbohydrate and hormone metabolism, transcription, transport, energy production and cell organization. However proteins directly involved in defense were scarce and were mostly downregulated in response to aphids. CONCLUSIONS The unexpectedly very low number of regulated proteins found in the experiment with a low aphid density suggests an active mitigation of plant defensive response by aphids or alternatively an aphid strategy to remain undetected by the plant. Under a high density of aphids, pepper leaf proteome however changed significantly revealing nearly all routes of plant primary metabolism being altered. Photosynthesis was so far the process with the highest number of proteins being regulated by the presence of aphids. In general, at short times of infestation (2 days) most of the altered proteins were upregulated. However, at longer times of infestation (7 days) the protein downregulation prevailed. Proteins involved in plant defense and in hormone signaling were scarce and mostly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UA IPAB. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Cardoso JMS, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Silva H, Abrantes I, Nakamura K, Fonseca L. Virulence Biomarkers of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: A Proteomic Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:822289. [PMID: 35211137 PMCID: PMC8861294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.822289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, one of the most serious forest pests worldwide, is considered the causal agent of the pine wilt disease (PWD). The main host species belong to the genus Pinus, and a variation in the susceptibility of several pine species to PWN infection is well-known. It is also recognized that there is variation in the virulence among B. xylophilus isolates. In the present study, we applied a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to perform a deep characterization of proteomic changes across two B. xylophilus isolates with different virulence from different hosts and geographical origins. A total of 1,456 proteins were quantified and compared in the two isolates secretomes, and a total of 2,741 proteins were quantified and compared in the nematode proteomes in pine tree extract and fungus stimuli conditions. From the proteomic analyses, a group of proteins was selected and identified as potential virulence biomarkers and shed light on putative most pathogenic proteins of this plant-parasitic nematode. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. S. Cardoso
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Joana M. S. Cardoso,
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Abrantes
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Japan
| | - Luís Fonseca
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Dreischhoff S, Das IS, Jakobi M, Kasper K, Polle A. Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590063. [PMID: 33381131 PMCID: PMC7767828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ogórek R, Przywara K, Piecuch A, Cal M, Lejman A, Matkowski K. Plant-Fungal Interactions: A Case Study of Epicoccoum nigrum Link. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121691. [PMID: 33271933 PMCID: PMC7760184 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epicoccum nigrum Link is a cosmopolitan species, and it has been described as both an in vitro and in vivo antagonist of many fungal pathogens of plants. However, there are no clear reports about the interactions between E. nigrum and various plant species, and about the effects of culture filtrates produced by this fungus on plants. Therefore, we assessed the interactions between E. nigrum and different plant species, such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of E. nigrum culture filtrates on garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Our study showed that the E. nigrum strains varied in terms of the color of excreted culture filtrates and showed different interactions with garden cress. Overall, fungal strains only affected adversely the sprout length in a significant way and, partially, the growth of the tested plant. In addition, we confirmed the suitability of the garden cress as a test plant in in vitro toxicological tests. Most strains of E. nigrum (61.1%) secreted enzymes expected to participate mainly in the later stages of the infection (amylases and proteases) and not those expected to operate in the early phases of host penetration (cellulases and pectinases) that were secreted by 33.3% of fungal strains. The group of pectinolytic enzymes represented the catalysts with the highest activity. Host specialization tests showed that E. nigrum was mainly re-isolated from the plant surface and the number of infected seedlings as well as the disease index depended on a studied plant species, with sugar beet and red clover being most sensitive to infection. In turn, the lowest value of the disease index caused by E. nigrum strains was recorded for spring wheat and winter oilseed rape. Overall, statistically significant differences in the growth of plant seedlings during the host specialization test were noted only for sugar beet and red clover seedlings. The seedlings of plants in the control group (without fungal inoculum) exhibited an increased length compared to those treated with E. nigrum inoculum. Our studies also showed that E. nigrum is probably a facultative saprotroph of plants and it may winter on red clover, which is presumably its main reservoirs, among the species considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6291; Fax: +48-71-325-2151
| | - Katarzyna Przywara
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Lejman
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Matkowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland;
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Zuñiga C, Peacock B, Liang B, McCollum G, Irigoyen SC, Tec-Campos D, Marotz C, Weng NC, Zepeda A, Vidalakis G, Mandadi KK, Borneman J, Zengler K. Linking metabolic phenotypes to pathogenic traits among "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" and its hosts. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2020; 6:24. [PMID: 32753656 PMCID: PMC7403731 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-020-00142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) has been associated with Huanglongbing, a lethal vector-borne disease affecting citrus crops worldwide. While comparative genomics has provided preliminary insights into the metabolic capabilities of this uncultured microorganism, a comprehensive functional characterization is currently lacking. Here, we reconstructed and manually curated genome-scale metabolic models for the six CLas strains A4, FL17, gxpsy, Ishi-1, psy62, and YCPsy, in addition to a model of the closest related culturable microorganism, L. crescens BT-1. Predictions about nutrient requirements and changes in growth phenotypes of CLas were confirmed using in vitro hairy root-based assays, while the L. crescens BT-1 model was validated using cultivation assays. Host-dependent metabolic phenotypes were revealed using expression data obtained from CLas-infected citrus trees and from the CLas-harboring psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. These results identified conserved and unique metabolic traits, as well as strain-specific interactions between CLas and its hosts, laying the foundation for the development of model-driven Huanglongbing management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal Zuñiga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
| | - Beth Peacock
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Greg McCollum
- USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Sonia C Irigoyen
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Diego Tec-Campos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Mérida, 97203, Yucatán, México
| | - Clarisse Marotz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
| | - Nien-Chen Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
| | - Alejandro Zepeda
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Mérida, 97203, Yucatán, México
| | - Georgios Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0403, USA.
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Isidro-Sánchez J, D'Arcy Cusack K, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Kahla A, Bekele W, Doohan F, Magan N, Medina A. Genome-wide association mapping of Fusarium langsethiae infection and mycotoxin accumulation in oat (Avena sativa L.). THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20023. [PMID: 33016604 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium langsethiae is a symptomless pathogen of oat panicles that produces T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins, two of the most potent trichothecenes produced by Fusarium fungi in cereals. In the last few years, the levels of these mycotoxin in oat grain has increased and the European commission have already recommended a maximum level for of 1000 μg kg-1 for unprocessed oat for human consumption. The optimal and most sustainable way of combating infection and mycotoxin contamination is by releasing resistant oat varieties. Here the objective was to determine if we could identify any genomic loci associated with either the accumulation of F. langsethiae DNA or mycotoxins in the grain. In each of two years, field trials were conducted wherein 190 spring oat varieties were inoculated with a mixture of three isolate of the pathogen. Mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Varieties were genotyped using 16,863 genotyping by sequencing markers. Genome-wide association studies associated 5 SNPs in the linkage group Mr06 with T-2 + HT-2 mycotoxin accumulation. Markers were highly correlated, and a single QTL was identified. The marker avgbs_6K_95238.1 mapped within genes showing similarity to lipase, lipase-like or lipase precursor mRNA sequences and zinc-finger proteins. These regions have previously been shown to confer a significant increase in resistance to Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Isidro-Sánchez
- UCD Agriculture & Food Science, College of Health and Agriculture Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Kane D'Arcy Cusack
- UCD Agriculture & Food Science, College of Health and Agriculture Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Amal Kahla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Wubishet Bekele
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Fiona Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
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Cao Z, Kapoor K, Li L, Banniza S. Interactive Gene Expression Patterns of Susceptible and Resistant Lens ervoides Recombinant Inbred Lines and the Necrotroph Ascochyta lentis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1259. [PMID: 32670221 PMCID: PMC7326948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascochyta lentis is a foliar pathogen of Lens species and is of worldwide importance in cultivated lentil production. High levels of resistance were identified in the wild species Lens ervoides. This resistance was explored through histopathology, qPCR estimation of fungal biomass and transcriptome sequencing in a susceptible and a resistant recombinant inbred line (RIL) of L. ervoides infected with an aggressive isolate of A. lentis. Necrotrophic growth was delayed in the resistant RIL compared to accelerated necrotrophy of A. lentis in the susceptible RIL. Analysis of the fungal secretome indicated that the early activation of cell wall-degrading enzymes contributed to increased virulence of A. lentis. On the host side, gene co-expression analysis revealed that the invasion by A. lentis caused mRNA, DNA and protein decay in infected plants regardless of the level of resistance in the host. The resistant RIL exhibited a stronger gene co-expression in lipid localization and sulfur processes, and cellular responses to nutrients and stimuli than the susceptible RIL. In addition, differential gene analysis revealed that the repression of both, gibberellin signaling and cell death associated with the hypersensitive response (HR), were associated with enhanced A. lentis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Karan Kapoor
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sabine Banniza
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Zeng L, Yang X, Zhou J. The xanthophyll cycle as an early pathogenic target to deregulate guard cells during Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1691704. [PMID: 31724459 PMCID: PMC7012177 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1691704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stomata not only control the important balance between gaseous fluxes and water loss, but also act as a route of invading pathogen entry into the plant. Here, the stomatal opening was observed to be induced by a necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the early stages of infection. In contrast to uninfected control, the stomatal pores were still opened in S. sclerotiorum-infected regions after dark adaption. Mutation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase, a key enzyme in the xanthophyll cycle, could partially restore the S. sclerotiorum-induced stomatal opening. Further studies showed that S. sclerotiorum invasion led to a decrease in electron transport rate, but a significant increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The decay kinetics of NPQ revealed that zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP, also known as ABA1) was continuous deactivation in S. sclerotiorum-infected region. HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed a slight increase of jasmonate acid (JA), but a great decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content in S. sclerotiorum-inoculated tissue. Exogenous application of ABA but not JA could rescue the abnormal stomatal opening. Together, these results suggested that the S. sclerotiorum-induced decrease of ABA biosynthesis reduced stomatal closing via dysfunction of the xanthophyll cycle during early pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhang Zeng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Yang
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiangbo Yang School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Jun Zhou MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Mares JH, Gramacho KP, Santana JO, Oliveira de Souza A, Alvim FC, Pirovani CP. Hydrosoluble phylloplane components of Theobroma cacao modulate the metabolism of Moniliophthora perniciosa spores during germination. Fungal Biol 2019; 124:73-81. [PMID: 31892379 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The surface of plants forms a defense barrier that directly inhibits the first point of contact of microorganisms with the host. To understand this defense mechanism in Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction with Theobroma cacao cv Catongo, the aim of this study was to compare the changes in protein expression in basidiospores of the fungus M. perniciosa in response the leaf water washes (LWW) of two contrasting cocoa varieties for resistance to witches' broom disease. A total of 8.1 × 108 basidiospores were used for each treatment containing washed leaf material. Germinated basidiospores in the absence of LWW were used as control. The proteomic analysis was performed by the 2D-PAGE technique combined with mass spectrometry (MS). Protein extraction was based on the SDS-dense method followed by sonication for cell disruption and phenol extraction. Sixty-four proteins had accumulation of variation when compared to the control (no LWW). Proteins were identified associated with energy (ATP synthase) and protein (BiP) metabolism, whose accumulation was reduced by basidiospores germinated in leaf wash from Catongo cocoa. The reduction in ATP synthase of the basidiospores germinated the Catongo LWW suggests a shift from aerobic to fermentative metabolism of the fungus in response to components of the LWW. Furthermore, proteins involved in virulence were identified along with fungal resistance to polyketide cyclase, glycoside hydrolase, multidrug transporter protein (SFM) and proteins related to oxidative stress and fermentation, such as catalase A and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The data showed an effect of cocoa phylloplane substances on the germination of fungal basidiospores through differences in protein expression patterns in the presence of LWW of the CCN51 and Catongo genotypes. These results may reveal mechanisms of resistance, host susceptibility and pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joise Hander Mares
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Centro de Botecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliano Oliveira Santana
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Centro de Botecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Fátima Cerqueira Alvim
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Centro de Botecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Centro de Botecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Nadeem M, Pham TH, Thomas R, Galagedara L, Kavanagh V, Zhu X, Ali W, Cheema M. Potential role of root membrane phosphatidic acid in superior agronomic performance of silage-corn cultivated in cool climate cropping systems. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:585-596. [PMID: 30548274 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The literature is replete with information describing the composition of the root lipidome in several plant species grown under various environmental conditions. However, it is unknown to what extent the root membrane lipidome vary between silage-corn genotypes, and how such variation could influence agronomic performances during field cultivation in cool climate. To address this issue, the root membrane lipidome and agronomic performance were assessed for five silage-corn genotypes (Fusion-RR, Yukon-R, A4177G3-RIB, DKC23-17RIB, DKC26-28RIB) cultivated under cool climatic conditions. Leaf area, plant height and biomass production were used as agronomic performance indicators. Varieties DKC26-28RIB and Yukon-R expressed significantly higher leaf area, plant height and biomass production compared to the other genotypes. A strong positive Spearman rank-order correlation (P = 0.001) was observed between biomass production and root phosphatidic acid (PA). The high correlation observed between PA and agronomic performance indicates PA could potentially be used as biomarker to assist in the selection of silage-corn genotypes with superior agronomic performance ideally suited for field cultivations in cool climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Thu H Pham
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Vanessa Kavanagh
- Agriculture Production and Research, Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Xinbiao Zhu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Services, Atlantic Forestry Center, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, A2H 6P9, Canada
| | - Waqas Ali
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
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Nadeem M, Pham TH, Nieuwenhuis A, Ali W, Zaeem M, Ashiq W, Gillani SSM, Manful C, Adigun OA, Galagedara L, Cheema M, Thomas R. Adaptation strategies of forage soybeans cultivated on acidic soils under cool climate to produce high quality forage. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:278-289. [PMID: 31128698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boreal soils tend to be podzols characterized by acidic pH, which can further limit forage crop growth and production. It is unclear, how forage soybeans adopt to produce forage with high nutritional quality when cultivated on podzols in boreal climate. To answer this question, we cultivated forage soybeans on agricultural podzols at 3 farm sites with varied soil pH (6.8, 6.0 or 5.1), and assessed the root membrane lipidome remodeling response to such climatic conditions. Contrary to our expectations, significantly lower biomass was observed at pH 6.8 compared to 6.0 and 5.1. However, surprisingly the plants produced similar forage quality at 6.8 and 5.1 pH. Three major lipid classes including phospholipids, glycolipids and phytosterols were observed in roots irrespective of soil pH. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA), and acylated glucosyl betasitosterol ester (AGlcSiE) accounted for 95% of the root lipidome, and expressed significant changes in response to cultivation across the three soil pH levels. These lipids were also observed to have strong correlations with forage production, and forage quality. Therefore, soybean genotypes with higher abilities to remodel PC, PE, PA, and AGlcSiE could be better suited for producing higher quality forage in acid podzolic soils characteristics of boreal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Ashley Nieuwenhuis
- Agriculture Production and Research, Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Waqas Ali
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Zaeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Waqar Ashiq
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Charles Manful
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada.
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Lipophilic Metabolites and Anatomical Acclimatization of Cleome amblyocarpa in the Drought and Extra-Water Areas of the Arid Desert of UAE. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8050132. [PMID: 31100925 PMCID: PMC6572330 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to different environmental conditions by developing structural and metabolic mechanisms. In this study, anatomical features and lipophilic metabolites were investigated in Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. & Murb., Cleomaceae plants growing in the arid desert of United Arab Emirates (UAE) in either low-water or extra-water areas, which were caused by the surrounding road run-off. The plant showed the presence of shaggy-like trichomes. The plant also developed special mechanisms to ensure its survival via release of lipophilic metabolites. The lipophilic metabolites, stained red with Sudan III, were apparently released by glandular trichomes and idioblasts of the shoot and roots, respectively. The identified lipophilic metabolites included those required for drought tolerance, protection against pathogens invasion, and detoxification. Plants growing in the low-water area caused an increase in the production of lipophilic metabolites-in particular, hydrocarbons and terpenoids. The lipophilic metabolites are known to provide the plant with unique waxy surfaces that reduce water loss and avoid penetration by pathogens. The release of lipid metabolites and the presence of shaggy-like trichomes represented unique features of the species that have never been reported. The provided chemical ecology information can be extended for several plant-related applications, particularly including drought tolerance.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Seeds and Silique Wall Reveals Dynamic Transcription Networks for Effective Oil Production in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081982. [PMID: 31018533 PMCID: PMC6515390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oil is an essential constituent of the human diet and renewable raw material for industrial applications. Enhancing oil production by increasing seed oil content in oil crops is the most viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approach to meet the continuous demand for the supply of vegetable oil globally. An in-depth understanding of the gene networks involved in oil biosynthesis during seed development is a prerequisite for breeding high-oil-content varieties. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops cultivated on multiple continents, contributing more than 15% of the world’s edible oil supply. To understand the phasic nature of oil biosynthesis and the dynamic regulation of key pathways for effective oil accumulation in B. napus, comparative transcriptomic profiling was performed with developing seeds and silique wall (SW) tissues of two contrasting inbred lines with ~13% difference in seed oil content. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-oil content lines were identified across six key developmental stages, and gene enrichment analysis revealed that genes related to photosynthesis, metabolism, carbohydrates, lipids, phytohormones, transporters, and triacylglycerol and fatty acid synthesis tended to be upregulated in the high-oil-content line. Differentially regulated DEG patterns were revealed for the control of metabolite and photosynthate production in SW and oil biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds. Quantitative assays of carbohydrates and hormones during seed development together with gene expression profiling of relevant pathways revealed their fundamental effects on effective oil accumulation. Our results thus provide insights into the molecular basis of high seed oil content (SOC) and a new direction for developing high-SOC rapeseed and other oil crops.
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Nascimento R, Maia M, Ferreira AEN, Silva AB, Freire AP, Cordeiro C, Silva MS, Figueiredo A. Early stage metabolic events associated with the establishment of Vitis vinifera - Plasmopara viticola compatible interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:1-13. [PMID: 30710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop in the world, with 7.5 million of production area in 2017. The domesticated varieties of grapevine are highly susceptible to many fungal infections, of which downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. et de Toni is one of the most threatening. In V. vinifera, several studies have shown that a weak and transient activation of a defense mechanism occurs, but it is easily overcome by the pathogen leading to the establishment of a compatible interaction. Major transcript, protein and physiologic changes were shown to occur at later infection time-points, but comprehensive data on the first hours of interaction is scarce. In the present work, we investigated the major physiologic and metabolic changes that occur in the first 24 h of interaction between V. vinifera cultivar Trincadeira and P. viticola. Our results show that there was a negative modulation of several metabolic classes associated to pathogen defense such as flavonoids or phenylpropanoids as well as an alteration of carbohydrate content after inoculation with the pathogen. We also found an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and increase of lipid peroxidation but to a low extent, that seems to be insufficient to restrain pathogen growth during the initial biotrophic phase of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nascimento
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Maia
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António E N Ferreira
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela B Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponces Freire
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lee HJ, Park OK. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:51-58. [PMID: 30709493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When facing microbe invaders, plants activate genetic and metabolic defense mechanisms and undergo extracellular and intracellular changes to obtain a certain level of host resistance. Dynamic adjustment and adaptation occur in structures containing lipophilic compounds and cellular metabolites. Lipids encompassing fatty acids, fatty acid-based polymers, and fatty acid derivatives are part of the fundamental architecture of cells and tissues and are essential compounds in numerous biological processes. Lipid-associated plant defense responses are mostly facilitated by the activation of lipases (lipid hydrolyzing proteins), which cleave or transform lipid substrates in various subcellular compartments. In this review, several types of plant defense-associated lipases are described, including their molecular aspects, enzymatic actions, cellular functions, and possible functional relevance in plant defense. Defensive roles are discussed considering enzyme properties, lipid metabolism, downstream regulation, and phenotypic traits in loss-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lin Y, Chen M, Lin H, Lin M, Hung YC, Lin Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Ritenour MA. Phomopsis longanae-induced pericarp browning and disease development of longan fruit can be alleviated or aggravated by regulation of ATP-mediated membrane lipid metabolism. Food Chem 2018; 269:644-651. [PMID: 30100484 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Compared to P. longanae-inoculated longan fruit, DNP-treated P. longanae-inoculated longans displayed higher fruit disease index, pericarp browning index and cell membrane permeability. Moreover, they exhibited higher activities of phospholipase D, lipase and lipoxygenase, lower amounts of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and USFA (unsaturated fatty acids) as well as higher amounts of phosphatidic acid and SFA (saturated fatty acids). Additionally, lower ratio of USFA to SFA and USFA index were shown in DNP-treated P. longanae-inoculated longans. However, ATP-treated P. longanae-inoculated longans exhibited the opposite results. These findings indicated that DNP stimulated longan pericarp browning and disease development caused by P. longanae resulted from the increases in activities of membrane lipids-degrading enzymes, promoting degradation of membrane phospholipids and USFA, and disruption of membrane structural integrity. Whereas, the opposite results observed in ATP-treated P. longanae-inoculated longans were due to the reduction in activities of membrane lipids-degrading enzymes and the maintenance of membrane structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food System & Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5160, USA
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mark A Ritenour
- Indian River Research & Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Fort Pierce 34945, USA
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Tian L, Shi S, Nasir F, Chang C, Li W, Tran LSP, Tian C. Comparative analysis of the root transcriptomes of cultivated and wild rice varieties in response to Magnaporthe oryzae infection revealed both common and species-specific pathogen responses. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:26. [PMID: 29679239 PMCID: PMC5910329 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal fungus of rice blast disease, negatively impacts global rice production. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), a relative of cultivated rice (O. sativa), possesses unique attributes that enable it to resist pathogen invasion. Although wild rice represents a major resource for disease resistance, relative to current cultivated rice varieties, no prior studies have compared the immune and transcriptional responses in the roots of wild and cultivated rice to M. oryzae. RESULTS In this study, we showed that M. oryzae could act as a typical root-infecting pathogen in rice, in addition to its common infection of leaves, and wild rice roots were more resistant to M. oryzae than cultivated rice roots. Next, we compared the differential responses of wild and cultivated rice roots to M. oryzae using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance of the wild rice roots. Results indicated that both common and genotype-specific mechanisms exist in both wild and cultivated rice that are associated with resistance to M. oryzae. In wild rice, resistance mechanisms were associated with lipid metabolism, WRKY transcription factors, chitinase activities, jasmonic acid, ethylene, lignin, and phenylpropanoid and diterpenoid metabolism; while the pathogen responses in cultivated rice were mainly associated with phenylpropanoid, flavone and wax metabolism. Although modulations in primary metabolism and phenylpropanoid synthesis were common to both cultivated and wild rice, the modulation of secondary metabolism related to phenylpropanoid synthesis was associated with lignin synthesis in wild rice and flavone synthesis in cultivated rice. Interestingly, while the expression of fatty acid and starch metabolism-related genes was altered in both wild and cultivated rice in response to the pathogen, changes in lipid acid synthesis and lipid acid degradation were dominant in cultivated and wild rice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The response mechanisms to M. oryzae were more complex in wild rice than what was observed in cultivated rice. Therefore, this study may have practical implications for controlling M. oryzae in rice plantings and will provide useful information for incorporating and assessing disease resistance to M. oryzae in rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun City, Jilin China
| | - Chunling Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
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Wang D, Zhang L, Hu J, Gao D, Liu X, Sha Y. Comparative genomic analysis of the Lipase3 gene family in five plant species reveals distinct evolutionary origins. Genetica 2018; 146:179-185. [PMID: 29468429 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are physiologically important and ubiquitous enzymes that share a conserved domain and are classified into eight different families based on their amino acid sequences and fundamental biological properties. The Lipase3 family of lipases was reported to possess a canonical fold typical of α/β hydrolases and a typical catalytic triad, suggesting a distinct evolutionary origin for this family. Genes in the Lipase3 family do not have the same functions, but maintain the conserved Lipase3 domain. There have been extensive studies of Lipase3 structures and functions, but little is known about their evolutionary histories. In this study, all lipases within five plant species were identified, and their phylogenetic relationships and genetic properties were analyzed and used to group them into distinct evolutionary families. Each identified lipase family contained at least one dicot and monocot Lipase3 protein, indicating that the gene family was established before the split of dicots and monocots. Similar intron/exon numbers and predicted protein sequence lengths were found within individual groups. Twenty-four tandem Lipase3 gene duplications were identified, implying that the distinctive function of Lipase3 genes appears to be a consequence of translocation and neofunctionalization after gene duplication. The functional genes EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 that are reportedly involved in pathogen response were all located in the same group. The nucleotide diversity (Dxy) and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions rates (Ka/Ks) of the three genes were significantly greater than the average across the genomes. We further observed evidence for selection maintaining diversity on three genes in the Toll-Interleukin-1 receptor type of nucleotide binding/leucine-rich repeat immune receptor (TIR-NBS LRR) immunity-response signaling pathway, indicating that they could be vulnerable to pathogen effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Medical Information of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing of Xuzhou Medical University, Research Center for Neurobiology of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - JunFeng Hu
- School of Medical Information of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Research Center for Neurobiology of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medical Information of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan Sha
- School of Medical Information of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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