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Ji Z, Ma W, Liang P, Wang X, Zhang S, Han Y, Guo Y. Anti-inflammatory potential of mycoprotein peptides obtained from fermentation of Schizophyllum commune DS1 with young apples. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136638. [PMID: 39419141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Fermenting edible filamentous fungi with food industry by-products, such as young apples, shows promise for producing mycoproteins and functional peptides. This study aimed to evaluate the production of mycoprotein by fermenting different edible-grade filamentous fungi using young apples as a substrate. Schizophyllum commune DS1 (DS1) demonstrated significant potential for generating mycoprotein, yielding 33.56 ± 0.82 %. From the hydrolysis of DS1 mycoprotein, three polypeptides were identified with the capacity of inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (iNOS): DNIQGITKPAIR (DR12), SDNAFGGR (SR8), and ASDPSGF (AF7). Computational analysis, including bioinformatics and molecular docking, indicated their high affinity for inhibiting iNOS, with binding energies of -452.8157 kcal/mol, -388.0222 kcal/mol, and -323.8843 kcal/mol, respectively. This binding was facilitated through various interactions such as electrostatic forces, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and non-covalent interactions, resulting in potential anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, cell experiments using RAW264.7 macrophages demonstrated that these peptides effectively suppressed nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, they reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible iNOS, and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, this study presents a novel approach for developing plant-based mycoproteins and a new source for discovering food-derived bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Ji
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Yurong Guo
- Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Changan, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
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Shivakumar N, Morrison DJ, Hegde SG, Kurpad AV, Kelly P. Is there dietary macronutrient malabsorption in children with environmental enteropathy? Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01510-z. [PMID: 39379550 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) using minimally- or non-invasive methods, particularly in children, has been difficult owing to the complex physiology and variability in functional measurements. However, measuring GIT function is increasingly important with the emerging relevance of childhood environmental enteropathy (EE) as a mediating factor in linear growth faltering, severe acute malnutrition, poor oral vaccine uptake and impaired cognition. In EE, sub-optimal nutrient digestion and absorption (malabsorption) forms the critical link to the conditions mentioned above. The present narrative review discusses probable mechanisms that can cause malabsorption of macronutrients, along with mechanistic and experimental evidence, in children (if not, in adults) with EE. The strengths and limitations of the human experimental studies are examined in relation to a battery of existing and potential tests that are used to measure malabsorption. From the available studies conducted in children, lactose and fat malabsorption are more likely to occur in EE. Breath tests (non-invasive) measuring carbohydrate (13C-starch/sucrose/lactose), fat (13C-mixed triglyceride) and dipeptide (benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-L-1-13C-alanine) malabsorption with modifications to the existing protocols seem suitable for use in children with EE. Future research should focus on understanding the degree of macronutrient malabsorption using these tests, in different settings, and link them to functional outcomes (such as growth, muscle strength, cognition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Shivakumar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences (A Unit of CBCI Society for Medical Education), Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Douglas J Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shalini G Hegde
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
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Westerbeke FHM, Attaye I, Rios-Morales M, Nieuwdorp M. Glycaemic sugar metabolism and the gut microbiota: past, present and future. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39359099 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The global increase in dietary sugar consumption, which is largely attributed to the production and widespread use of cheap alternatives such as high-fructose corn syrup, is a major driving factor of NCDs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of sugar metabolism and its impact on host health is imperative to rise to the challenge of reducing NCDs. Notably, fructose appears to exert more pronounced deleterious effects than glucose, as hepatic fructose metabolism induces de novo lipogenesis and insulin resistance through distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated an intricate relationship between sugar metabolism and the small intestinal microbiota (SIM). In contrast to the beneficial role of colonic microbiota in complex carbohydrate metabolism, sugar metabolism by the SIM appears to be less beneficial to the host as it can generate toxic metabolites. These fermentation products can serve as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis, imposing negative health effects on the host. Nevertheless, due to the challenging accessibility of the small intestine, our knowledge of the SIM and its involvement in sugar metabolism remains limited. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge in this field along with implications for future research, ultimately offering potential therapeutic avenues for addressing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine H M Westerbeke
- Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Attaye
- Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Xiong M, Hu X, Li Y, Zhang W, He W, Luo S, Zang J, Yang W, Chen Y. Dietary Bacillus velezensis KNF-209 supplementation improves growth performance, enhances immunity, and promotes gut health in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103946. [PMID: 38954902 PMCID: PMC11267042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus velezensis KNF-209 (BV-KNF-209) on the growth performance, immunity, and gut health of broilers. A total of 540 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BV-KNF-209 (CON, BV 50, BV 100, BV 200, and BV 400 groups, respectively) for 42 d. Compared with the CON group, the average daily gains (ADG) at 0 to 42 d in the BV 100 and BV 200 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the feed-to-gain (F:G) ratios were significantly decreased at 0 to 21 d (P < 0.01) and 0 to 42 d (P < 0.05). The BV 200 and BV 400 groups had higher serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels at d 21 and 42 (P < 0.05). The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased in the BV 50, BV 100, and BV 200 groups at d 21 (P < 0.05), and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels were also reduced in the BV 100 and BV 200 groups at d 42 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the jejunal and ileal mucosa at d 42 were observed in the BV 100, BV 200, and BV 400 groups (P < 0.05), while the IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01) were decreased. The BV 200 and BV 400 groups showed significantly higher activities of lipase and trypsin (P < 0.05) in jejunal digesta as well as higher activities of amylase and trypsin (P < 0.01) in ileal digesta at d 42. The cecal acetic acid and propionic acid levels in the BV groups and lactic acid levels in the BV 50, BV 100, and BV 200 groups (P < 0.05) were significantly higher compared to those in the CON group. Overall, dietary BV-KNF-209 supplementation significantly improved broiler growth performance, an effect that may have been achieved by heightening immunity, increasing digestive enzyme activity, and raising intestinal short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengqin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sunlin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tao T, Shu Q, Zhao Y, Guo W, Wang J, Shi Y, Jia S, Zhai H, Chen H, Wang C, Xu G. Mechanical regulation of lipid and sugar absorption by Piezo1 in enterocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3576-3590. [PMID: 39220873 PMCID: PMC11365390 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is primarily caused by excessive intake as well as absorption of sugar and lipid. Postprandial surge in distention pressure and intestinal motility accelerates the absorption of nutrients. The response of intestinal epithelial cells to mechanical stimulation is not fully understood. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, is widely expressed throughout the digestive tract. However, its function in intestinal nutrient absorption is not yet clear. In our study, excessive lipid deposition was observed in the duodenum of obese patients, while duodenal Piezo1-CaMKK2-AMPKα was decreased when compared to normal-weight individuals. Under high-fat diet condition, the Piezo1 iKO mice exhibited abnormally elevated sugar and lipid absorption as well as severe lipid deposition in the duodenum and liver. These phenotypes were mainly caused by the inhibition of duodenal CaMKK2-AMPKα and the upregulation of SGLT1 and DGAT2. In contrast, Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, was found to reduce intestinal lipid absorption in diet induced obese mice. Overexpression of Piezo1, stretch and Yoda1 inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of DGAT2 and SGLT1, whereas knockdown of Piezo1 stimulated lipid accumulation and DGAT2 in Caco-2 cells. Our study reveals a previously unexplored mechanical regulation of nutrient absorption in intestinal epithelial cells, which may shed new light on the therapy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenying Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hening Zhai
- Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Biotherapy Center; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Idowu M, Taiwo G, Sidney T, Adewoye A, Ogunade IM. Plasma proteomic analysis reveals key pathways associated with divergent residual body weight gain phenotype in beef steers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415594. [PMID: 39104547 PMCID: PMC11298483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We utilized plasma proteomics profiling to explore metabolic pathways and key proteins associated with divergent residual body weight gain (RADG) phenotype in crossbred (Angus × Hereford) beef steers. A group of 108 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 282.87 ± 30 kg; age = 253 ± 28 days) were fed a high-forage total mixed ration for 49 days in five dry lot pens (20-22 beef steers per pen), each equipped with two GrowSafe8000 intake nodes to determine their RADG phenotype. After RADG identification, blood samples were collected from the beef steers with the highest RADG (most efficient; n = 15; 0.76 kg/d) and lowest RADG (least efficient; n = 15; -0.65 kg/d). Plasma proteomics analysis was conducted on all plasma samples using a nano LC-MS/MS platform. Proteins with FC ≥ 1.2 and false-discovery rate-adjusted p-values (FDR) ≤ 0.05 were considered significantly differentially abundant. The analysis identified 435 proteins, with 59 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between positive and negative-RADG beef steers. Plasma abundance of 38 proteins, such as macrophage stimulating 1 and peptidase D was upregulated (FC ≥ 1.2, FDR ≤ 0.05) in positive-RADG beef steers, while 21 proteins, including fibronectin and ALB protein were greater (FC < 1.2, FDR ≤ 0.05) in negative-RADG beef steers. The results of the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of all the DAPs showed enrichment of pathways such as metabolic processes, biological regulation, and catalytic activity in positive-RADG beef steers. Results of the EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) analysis revealed increased abundance of DAPs involved in energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, and lipid transport and metabolism in positive-RADG beef steers. The results of this study revealed key metabolic pathways and proteins associated with divergent RADG phenotype in beef cattle which give more insight into the biological basis of feed efficiency in crossbred beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modoluwamu Idowu
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Godstime Taiwo
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Taylor Sidney
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Anjola Adewoye
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Chen R, Hu M, Cheng N, Shi R, Ma T, Wang W, Huang W. Prediction of the bioaccessibility and accumulation of cadmium in the soil-rice-human system based on optimized DGT and BCR coupled models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116509. [PMID: 38833979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium, as a typical heavy metal, has the potential to induce soil pollution and threaten human health through the soil-plant-human pathway. The conventional evaluation method based on the total content in soil cannot accurately represent the content migrated from the food chain to plants and the human body. Previous studies focused on the process of plant enrichment of heavy metals in soil, and very few studies directly predicted human exposure or risk through the labile state of Cd in soil. Hence, a relatively accurate and convenient prediction model of Cd release and translocation in the soil-rice-human system was developed. This model utilizes available Cd and soil parameters to predict the bioavailability of Cd in soil, as well as the in vitro bioaccessibility of Cd in cooked rice. The bioavailability of Cd was determined by the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films technology and BCR sequential extraction procedure, offering in-situ quantification, which presents a significant advantage over traditional monitoring methods and aligns closely with the actual uptake of heavy metals by plants. The experimental results show that the prediction model based on the concentration of heavy metal forms measured by BCR sequential extraction procedure and diffusive gradients in thin-films technique can accurately predict the Cd uptake in rice grains, gastric and gastrointestinal phase (R2=0.712, 0.600 and 0.629). This model accurately predicts Cd bioavailability and bioaccessibility across the soil-rice-human pathway, informing actual human Cd intake, offering scientific support for developing more effective risk assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Bao Gang Group Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Baotou 014000, China
| | - Wenyang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Hussain I, Irshad M, Hussain A, Qadir M, Mehmood A, Rahman M, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Ali S, Hamayun M. Phosphate solubilizing Aspergillus Niger PH1 ameliorates growth and alleviates lead stress in maize through improved photosynthetic and antioxidant response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:642. [PMID: 38972980 PMCID: PMC11229273 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Among the several threats to humanity by anthropogenic activities, contamination of the environment by heavy metals is of great concern. Upon entry into the food chain, these metals cause serious hazards to plants and other organisms including humans. Use of microbes for bioremediation of the soil and stress mitigation in plants are among the preferred strategies to provide an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly solution of the problem. The current investigation is an attempt in this direction where fungal strain PH1 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Parthenium hysterophorus which was identified as Aspergillus niger by sequence homology of the ITS 1 and ITS 4 regions of the rRNA. The strain was tested for its effect on growth and biochemical parameters as reflection of its potential to mitigate Pb stress in Zea mays exposed to 100, 200 and 500 µg of Pb/g of soil. In the initial screening, it was revealed that the strain has the ability to tolerate lead stress, solubilize insoluble phosphate and produce plant growth promoting hormones (IAA and SA) and other metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, sugar, protein and lipids. Under 500 µg of Pb/g of soil, Z. mays exhibited significant growth retardation with a reduction of 31% in root length, 30.5% in shoot length, 57.5% in fresh weight and 45.2% in dry weight as compared to control plants. Inoculation of A. niger to Pb treated plants not only restored root and shoot length, rather promoted it to a level significantly higher than the control plants. Association of the strain modulated the physio-hormonal attributes of maize plants that resulted in their better growth which indicated a state of low stress. Additionally, the strain boosted the antioxidant defence system of the maize there by causing a significant reduction in the ascorbic acid peroxidase (1.5%), catalase (19%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (33.3%), indicating a lower stress condition as compared to their non-inoculated stressed plants. Based on current evidence, this strain can potentially be used as a biofertilizer for Pb-contaminated sites where it will improve overall plant health with the hope of achieving better biological and agricultural yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qadir
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mehmood
- Institute of Biological Sciences Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muneebur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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9
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Guevara-Zambrano JM, Chowdhury P, Wouters AGB, Verkempinck SHE. Solubility, (micro)structure, and in vitro digestion of pea protein dispersions as affected by high pressure homogenization and environmental conditions. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114434. [PMID: 38823828 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, dispersions were prepared with commercial pea protein isolate (PPI) and subjected to different (i) high pressure homogenization (HPH) intensities (0 - 200 MPa) (room temperature, pH 7) or (ii) environmental conditions (60 °C, pH 7 or pH 12) to generate dispersions with distinct protein molecular and microstructural characteristics, impacting protein solubility. Besides, protein digestion was analyzed following the static INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol. Generally, increasing pressure of the homogenization treatment was linked with decreasing particle sizes and enhanced protein digestion. More specifically, the dispersion that did not undergo HPH (0 MPa) as well as the dispersion treated at 60 °C, pH 7, had highly similar microstructures, consisting of large irregular particles (10 - 500 µm) with shell-like structures, and exhibited low solubility (around 15 % and 28 %, respectively), which resulted in limited proteolysis (35 % and 42 %, respectively). In contrast, the dispersion subjected to HPH at 100 MPa and the dispersion treated at 60 °C, pH 12 also had similar microstructures with small and homogeneous particles (<1 µm), and exhibited relatively good solubility (54 % and 31 %, respectively), which led to enhanced protein digestion levels (87 % and 74 %, respectively). This study highlights the potential of food processing on macronutrient (micro)structure and further gastrointestinal stability and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guevara-Zambrano
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A G B Wouters
- Laboratory of Food chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S H E Verkempinck
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Kiosia A, Dagbasi A, Berkley JA, Wilding JPH, Prendergast AJ, Li JV, Swann J, Mathers JC, Kerac M, Morrison D, Drake L, Briend A, Maitland K, Frost G. The double burden of malnutrition in individuals: Identifying key challenges and re-thinking research focus. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:132-145. [PMID: 38576109 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The 'double burden of malnutrition' is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity, as well as other diet-related non-communicable diseases, in the same population, household or even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in some parts of the world, in many of these areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in urban areas, resulting in greater numbers of people who were undernourished in childhood and have overweight or obesity in adulthood. This creates a complex and challenging situation for research experts and policymakers who must simultaneously address the public health burdens of undernutrition and overweight/obesity. This review identifies key challenges and limitations in the current research on the double burden of malnutrition in individuals, including the need for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the drivers of malnutrition, the importance of context-specific interventions and the need for greater attention to the food environment and food systems. We advocate for the re-evaluation of research strategies and focus, with a greater emphasis on multidisciplinary and systems approaches and greater attention to the synergistic relationship between the biological, environmental, commercial and socio-economic determinants of malnutrition. Addressing these key challenges can enable us to better comprehend and tackle the multifaceted and dynamic issues of the double burden of malnutrition, particularly in individuals and work towards more effective and sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agklinta Kiosia
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research Global, HDR UK, London, UK
| | - Aygul Dagbasi
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Berkley
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jon Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marko Kerac
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Douglas Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, UK
| | - Lesley Drake
- Partnership for Child Development, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Briend
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Ibi A, Chang C, Kuo YC, Zhang Y, Du M, Roh YS, Gahler R, Hardy M, Solnier J. Evaluation of the Metabolite Profile of Fish Oil Omega-3 Fatty Acids (n-3 FAs) in Micellar and Enteric-Coated Forms-A Randomized, Cross-Over Human Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:265. [PMID: 38786742 PMCID: PMC11123365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the differences in the metabolite profile of three n-3 FA fish oil formulations in 12 healthy participants: (1) standard softgels (STD) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (2) enteric-coated softgels (ENT) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (3) a new micellar formulation (LMF) providing 374 mg n-3 FA. The pharmacokinetics (PKs), such as the area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC), and the peak blood concentration (Cmax) of the different FA metabolites including HDHAs, HETEs, HEPEs, RvD1, RvD5, RvE1, and RvE2, were determined over a total period of 24 h. Blood concentrations of EPA (26,920.0 ± 10,021.0 ng/mL·h) were significantly higher with respect to AUC0-24 following LMF treatment vs STD and ENT; when measured incrementally, blood concentrations of total n-3 FAs (EPA/DHA/DPA3) up to 11 times higher were observed for LMF vs STD (iAUC 0-24: 16,150.0 ± 5454.0 vs 1498.9 ± 443.0; p ≤ 0.0001). Significant differences in n-3 metabolites including oxylipins were found between STD and LMF with respect to 12-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 12-HETE, and RvD1; 9-HEPE levels were significantly higher following the STD vs. ENT treatment. Furthermore, within the scope of this study, changes in blood lipid levels (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL) were monitored in participants for up to 120 h post-treatment; a significant decrease in serum triglycerides was detected in participants (~20%) following the LMF treatment; no significant deviations from the baseline were detected for all the other lipid biomarkers in any of the treatment groups. Despite a lower administered dose, LMF provided higher blood concentrations of n-3 FAs and certain anti-inflammatory n-3 metabolites in human participants-potentially leading to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoke Ibi
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Chuck Chang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yun Chai Kuo
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Min Du
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | | | - Mary Hardy
- Academy of Integrative and Holistic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julia Solnier
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
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12
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Guo K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chu Z, Zhang Q, Xiao W, Huang B, Li T. Effects of wollastonite and phosphate treatments on cadmium bioaccessibility in pak choi ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) grown in contaminated soils. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1337996. [PMID: 38638296 PMCID: PMC11024290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1337996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil can strongly impact human health through the food chain due to uptake by crop plants. Inorganic immobilizing agents such as silicates and phosphates have been shown to effectively reduce Cd transfer from the soil to cereal crops. However, the effects of such agents on total Cd and its bioaccessibility in leafy vegetables are not yet known. Pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) was here selected as a representative leafy vegetable to be tested in pots to reveal the effects of silicate-phosphate amendments on soil Cd chemical fractions, total plant Cd levels, and plant bioaccessibility. The collected Cd contaminated soil was mixed with control soil at 1:0, 1:1, 1:4, 0:1 with a view to Cd high/moderate/mild/control soil samples. Three heavy metal-immobilizing agents: wollastonite (W), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were added to the soil in order to get four different treatment groups, i.e., control (CK), application of wollastonite alone (W), wollastonite co-applied with KTPP (WKTPP), application of wollastonite co-applied with SHMP (WSHMP) for remediation of soils with different levels of Cd contamination. All three treatments increased the effective bio-Cd concentration in the soils with varying levels of contamination, except for W under moderate and heavy Cd contamination. The total Cd concentration in pak choi plants grown in mildly Cd-contaminated soil was elevated by 86.2% after WKTPP treatment compared to the control treatment could function as a phytoremediation aid for mildly Cd-contaminated soil. Using an in vitro digestion method (physiologically based extraction test) combined with transmission electron microscopy, silicate and phosphorus agents were found to reduce the bioaccessibility of Cd in pak choi by up to 66.13% with WSHMP treatment. Application of silicate alone reduced soil bio-Cd concentration through the formation of insoluble complexes and silanol groups with Cd, but the addition of phosphate may have facilitated Cd translocation into pak choi by first co-precipitating with Ca in wollastonite while simultaneously altering soil pH. Meanwhile, wollastonite and phosphate treatments may cause Cd to be firmly enclosed in the cell wall in an insoluble form, reducing its translocation to edible parts and decreasing the bioaccessibility of Cd in pak choi. This study contributes to the mitigation of Cd bioaccessibility in pak choi by reducing soil Cd concentration through in situ remediation and will help us to extend the effects of wollastonite and phosphate on Cd bioaccessibility to other common vegetables. Therefore, this study thus reveals effective strategies for the remediation of soil Cd and the reduction of Cd bioaccessibility in crops based on two indicators: total Cd and Cd bioaccessibility. Our findings contribute to the development of methods for safer cultivation of commonly consumed leafy vegetables and for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Yuehua Zhao
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Weifang Binhai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Weifang, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chu
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Wenwei Xiao
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Zhongchuang Guoke Scientific Instrument (Shandong) Co., Ji’nan, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
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13
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Jensen MB, Jakobsen J, Jacobsen C, Sloth JJ, Ibarruri J, Bald C, Iñarra B, Bøknæs N, Sørensen ADM. Content and Bioaccessibility of Minerals and Proteins in Fish-Bone Containing Side-Streams from Seafood Industries. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:162. [PMID: 38667779 PMCID: PMC11051196 DOI: 10.3390/md22040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the aim to upcycle fish side-streams, enzymatic hydrolysis is often applied to produce protein hydrolysates with bioactive properties or just as a protein source for food and feed. However, the production of hydrolysates generates a side-stream. For underutilized fish and fish backbone this side-stream will contain fish bones and make it rich in minerals. The aim of this study was to assess the relative bioaccessibility (using the standardized in vitro model INFOGEST 2.0) of minerals in a dietary supplement compared to bone powder generated after enzymatic hydrolysis of three different fish side-streams: undersized whole hake, cod and salmon backbones consisting of insoluble protein and bones. Differences in the bioaccessibility of protein between the powders were also investigated. The enzyme hydrolysis was carried out using different enzymes and hydrolysis conditions for the different fish side-streams. The content and bioaccessibility of protein and the minerals phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were measured to evaluate the potential of the powder as an ingredient in, e.g., dietary supplements. The bone powders contained bioaccessible proteins and minerals. Thus, new side-streams generated from enzymatic hydrolysis can have possible applications in the food sector due to bioaccessible proteins and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bagge Jensen
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.); (J.J.S.); (A.-D.M.S.)
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.); (J.J.S.); (A.-D.M.S.)
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.); (J.J.S.); (A.-D.M.S.)
| | - Jens J. Sloth
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.); (J.J.S.); (A.-D.M.S.)
| | - Jone Ibarruri
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio-Bizkaia, Spain; (J.I.); (C.B.); (B.I.)
| | - Carlos Bald
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio-Bizkaia, Spain; (J.I.); (C.B.); (B.I.)
| | - Bruno Iñarra
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio-Bizkaia, Spain; (J.I.); (C.B.); (B.I.)
| | | | - Ann-Dorit Moltke Sørensen
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.); (J.J.S.); (A.-D.M.S.)
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14
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Omer E, Chiodi C. Fat digestion and absorption: Normal physiology and pathophysiology of malabsorption, including diagnostic testing. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39 Suppl 1:S6-S16. [PMID: 38429963 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat digestion and absorption play crucial roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and supporting essential physiological functions. The initial stage of fat digestion occurs in the stomach, where gastric lipase begins the hydrolysis of triglycerides. However, most fat digestion takes place in the small intestine via pancreatic enzymes and bile salts. Emulsification of fat by bile acids facilitates enzymatic action, breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are then able to be absorbed by enterocytes. Fat malabsorption can result from various underlying conditions, such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid disorders, or intestinal diseases. The clinical manifestations of fat malabsorption include steatorrhea, malnutrition, and deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins. Diagnostic approaches involve assessing fecal fat levels, imaging studies, and various functional tests to identify the specific etiology. This review article will describe the normal physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption and discuss various pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract as well as their respective diagnostic testing modalities. Effective digestion of fat is essential for overall health, because it allows for absorption of many essential nutrients, plays an integral role in cellular and structural function, and supplies energy to the body. When this is dysfunctional, disorders of malabsorption can occur. This article will give a brief overview of the physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption in healthy individuals as well as review important pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract and current diagnostic testing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endashaw Omer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cristina Chiodi
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Carvajal-Mena N, Tabilo-Munizaga G, Pérez-Won M, Herrera-Lavados C, Moreno-Osorio L. Influence of starch-protein interactions on the digestibility and chemical properties of a 3D-printed food matrix based on salmon by-product proteins. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114035. [PMID: 38342515 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of starch-protein interactions on the chemical properties and digestibility of a 3D-printed gel based on salmon by-product protein. Changes in the starch-protein interactions of the stable cornstarch (CS, 15%) and salmon protein isolate (SPI, 4%-12%) printable gels during the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process were studied by principal component analysis. Protein-rich printed gels increased resistant starch content by 18.05%. Changes in chemical properties and the starch-protein concentration of the gels during the digestion process were highly correlated. The CS-SPI gels in the gastric and intestinal phases exhibited lower α-helix/β-sheet ratio and fluorescence intensity values, whereas surface hydrophobicity increased. This resulted in more ordered structures with a high level of molecular interaction that inhibited enzymatic hydrolysis. This study provides crucial information about the transformations of starch-protein interactions during the digestibility of 3D-printed food matrices as an alternative source of nutrients with a high nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailín Carvajal-Mena
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Health and Food Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Gipsy Tabilo-Munizaga
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Health and Food Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Mario Pérez-Won
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Health and Food Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Carolina Herrera-Lavados
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Health and Food Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Luis Moreno-Osorio
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Scinces, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile.
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16
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Arnette SD, Simonitis LE, Egan JP, Cohen KE, Kolmann MA. True grit? Comparative anatomy and evolution of gizzards in fishes. J Anat 2024; 244:260-273. [PMID: 37770122 PMCID: PMC10780153 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut morphology frequently reflects the food organisms digest. Gizzards are organs of the gut found in archosaurs and fishes that mechanically reduce food to aid digestion. Gizzards are thought to compensate for edentulism and/or provide an advantage when consuming small, tough food items (e.g., phytoplankton and algae). It is unknown how widespread gizzards are in fishes and how similar these structures are among different lineages. Here, we investigate the distribution of gizzards across bony fishes to (1) survey different fishes for gizzard presence, (2) compare the histological structure of gizzards in three species, (3) estimate how often gizzards have evolved in fishes, and (4) explore whether anatomical and ecological traits like edentulism and microphagy predict gizzard presence. According to our analyses, gizzards are rare across bony fishes, evolving only six times in a broad taxonomic sampling of 51 species, and gizzard presence is not clearly correlated with factors like gut length or dentition. We find that gizzard morphology varies among the lineages where one is present, both macroscopically (presence of a crop) and microscopically (varying tissue types). We conclude that gizzards likely aid in the mechanical reduction of food in fishes that have lost an oral dentition in their evolutionary past; however, the relative scarcity of gizzards suggests they are just one of many possible solutions for processing tough, nutrient-poor food items. Gizzards have long been present in the evolutionary history of fishes, can be found in a wide variety of marine and freshwater clades, and likely have been overlooked in many taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Arnette
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA
| | - L E Simonitis
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - J P Egan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Cohen
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Huang WH, Kajal K, Wibowo RH, Amartuvshin O, Kao SH, Rastegari E, Lin CH, Chiou KL, Pi HW, Ting CT, Hsu HJ. Excess dietary sugar impairs Drosophila adult stem cells via elevated reactive oxygen species-induced JNK signaling. Development 2024; 151:dev201772. [PMID: 38063853 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
High-sugar diets (HSDs) often lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes, both metabolic syndromes associated with stem cell dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether excess dietary sugar affects stem cells. Here, we report that HSD impairs stem cell function in the intestine and ovaries of female Drosophila prior to the onset of insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Although 1 week of HSD leads to obesity, impaired oogenesis and altered lipid metabolism, insulin resistance does not occur. HSD increases glucose uptake by germline stem cells (GSCs) and triggers reactive oxygen species-induced JNK signaling, which reduces GSC proliferation. Removal of excess sugar from the diet reverses these HSD-induced phenomena. A similar phenomenon is found in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), except that HSD disrupts ISC maintenance and differentiation. Interestingly, tumor-like GSCs and ISCs are less responsive to HSD, which may be because of their dependence on glycolytic metabolism and high energy demand, respectively. This study suggests that excess dietary sugar induces oxidative stress and damages stem cells before insulin resistance develops, a mechanism that may also occur in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10917
| | - Kreeti Kajal
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227
| | | | - Oyundari Amartuvshin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - Elham Rastegari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490
| | - Kuan-Lin Chiou
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Wei Pi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ti Ting
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10917
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
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18
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Yadav N, Paul AT. Pancreatic lipase and its related proteins: where are we now? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103855. [PMID: 38081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions, with a worrisome upward trend. The high consumption of lipids, a major energy source, leads to obesity because of their high calorific value. Pancreatic lipase (PTL), produced by pancreatic acinar cells, hydrolyzes 50-70% of triacylglycerol (TAG) from food. PTL-related protein 1 (PLRP1) and 2 (PLRP2) are also produced by these cells. In vertebrates, PLRP1 has relatively less lipolytic activity, whereas PLRP2 has an essential role in lipid digestion, especially in infants. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of PTL, PLRP1, and PLRP2, and the metabolic fate of PTL inhibitors. We also discuss the current status of clinical trials on orlistat and its combinations for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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19
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Occhiali E, Rodrigues B, Prieur W, Tiarci S, Carmon N, Veber B, Achamrah N. Reducing diarrhoea in an adult surgical intensive care unit: A quality improvement study. Nurs Crit Care 2024; 29:208-218. [PMID: 37323065 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diarrhoea is a real source of morbidity for critically ill patients, this issue has been little studied, making it difficult to understand its mechanisms and management. AIMS We conducted a quality improvement study in an adult surgical intensive care unit before/after the implementation of a specific protocol to firstly improve diarrhoea management for patient benefit and secondly to understand the impact on caregivers. STUDY DESIGN The first part of this before/after study consisted in assessing the proportion of patients receiving an anti-diarrheal treatment before (phase I)/after (phase II) the implementation of the protocol. The second part of the study was to survey the caregivers on this topic. RESULTS Sixty four adults were included (33 in phase I; 31 in phase II) with 280 diarrheal episodes (129 in phase I; 151 in phase II). The proportion of patients who received at least one anti-diarrheal treatment was similar between the two phases (79% (26/33) vs. 68% (21/31), p = .40). Diarrhoea incidence was also similar (9% (33 patients/368 admissions) vs. 11% (31 patients/275 admissions), p = .35). The delay to initiate at least one treatment was significantly shorter in phase II (2 days [1-7] vs. 0 day [0-2]; p < .001). The patients' rehabilitation was no longer impacted by the occurrence of a diarrheal episode in phase II (39% (13/33) vs. 0% (0/31), p < .001). Eighty team members completed the surveys in phase I and 70 in phase II. Caregivers perceived diarrhoea like a burden and its economic impact remained high. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a protocol for the management of ICU diarrhoea did not increase the proportion of patients treated, but it did significantly improve the delay to initiate a treatment. The patients' rehabilitation was no longer affected by diarrhoea. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The use of specific anti-diarrhoea guidelines may help to reduce the burden of diarrhoea in an ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Occhiali
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Bastien Rodrigues
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Wendy Prieur
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Safia Tiarci
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Carmon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Veber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
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20
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Garófalo SJ, Galagovsky L, Alonso M. Importance of three physiological models for teaching the carbohydrates metabolism. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 52:25-35. [PMID: 37721167 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work extensive misconceptions of university students' -from nutrition area- about the metabolism of carbohydrates (CHM) in the human organism have been documented. The results lead to consider their difficulties concerning the learning of a complex set of imbricated biochemical models involved. Pursuant to these considerations, three physiological models are proposed as conceptual axes around which CHM in the human organism could be taught, in order to avoid fragmentation in students' knowledge and to give simple physiological contexts where to integrate those biochemical models. These contexts are: (a) a physiological model of the carbon cycle, (b) a physiological model of blood glucose uptake and homeostasis, and (c) a physiological model of the availability of small metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Judith Garófalo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciclo Básico Común, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lydia Galagovsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Didáctica de las Ciencias Naturales y la Matemática CeFIEC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Alonso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciclo Básico Común, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Wang Q, Lin H, Shen C, Zhang M, Wang X, Yuan M, Yuan M, Jia S, Cao Z, Wu C, Chen B, Gao A, Bi Y, Ning G, Wang W, Wang J, Liu R. Gut microbiota regulates postprandial GLP-1 response via ileal bile acid-TGR5 signaling. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2274124. [PMID: 37942583 PMCID: PMC10730136 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota interacts with intestinal epithelial cells through microbial metabolites to regulate the release of gut hormones. We investigated whether the gut microbiota affects the postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response using antibiotic-treated mice and germ-free mice. Gut microbiome depletion completely abolished postprandial GLP-1 response in the circulation and ileum in a lipid tolerance test. Microbiome depletion did not influence the GLP-1 secretory function of primary ileal cells in response to stimulators in vitro, but dramatically changed the postprandial dynamics of endogenous bile acids, particularly ω-muricholic acid (ωMCA) and hyocholic acid (HCA). The bile acid receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) but not farnesoid X receptor (FXR), participated in the regulation of postprandial GLP-1 response in the circulation and ileum, and ωMCA or HCA stimulated GLP-1 secretion via TGR5. Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation or ωMCA and HCA supplementation restored postprandial GLP-1 response. In conclusion, gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining the postprandial GLP-1 response specifically in the ileum, and bile acid (ωMCA and HCA)-TGR5 signaling is involved in this process. This study helps to understand the essential interplay between the gut microbiota and host in regulating postprandial GLP-1 response and opens the foundation for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongrong Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minchun Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Banru Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Cui H, Li S, Roy D, Guo Q, Ye A. Modifying quinoa protein for enhanced functional properties and digestibility: A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100604. [PMID: 37840699 PMCID: PMC10570007 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal plant that originally came from South America. The trend of consuming quinoa is propelled by its well‒balanced amino acid profile compared to that of other plants. In addition, its gluten‒free nature makes quinoa a promising diet option for celiac disease patients. Protein accounts for approximately 17% of the quinoa seed composition and quinoa protein possesses excellent quality. Quinoa protein is mainly composed of 11S globulins (37%) and 2S albumins (35%), both of which are stabilized by disulfide bonds. To date, the alkaline extraction method is the most commonly used method to extract quinoa protein. The functional properties and digestibility of quinoa protein can be improved with the help of various modification methods, and as a result, the application of quinoa protein will be extended. In this review, the extraction method, modification of functional properties and digestibility of quinoa protein are thoroughly discussed, providing insights into the application of quinoa protein in plant‒based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Siqi Li
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Qing Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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23
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Chapa-Villarreal FA, Miller M, Rodriguez-Cruz JJ, Pérez-Carlos D, Peppas NA. Self-assembled block copolymer biomaterials for oral delivery of protein therapeutics. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122191. [PMID: 37295223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have guided a transformation in disease treatment for various clinical conditions. They have been successful in numerous applications, but administration of protein therapeutics has been limited to parenteral routes which can decrease patient compliance as they are invasive and painful. In recent years, the synergistic relationship of novel biomaterials with modern protein therapeutics has been crucial in the treatment of diseases that were once thought of as incurable. This has guided the development of a variety of alternative administration routes, but the oral delivery of therapeutics remains one of the most desirable due to its ease of administration. This review addresses important aspects of micellar structures prepared by self-assembled processes with applications for oral delivery. These two characteristics have not been placed together in previous literature within the field. Therefore, we describe the barriers for delivery of protein therapeutics, and we concentrate in the oral/transmucosal pathway where drug carriers must overcome several chemical, physical, and biological barriers to achieve a successful therapeutic effect. We critically discuss recent research on biomaterials systems for delivering such therapeutics with an emphasis on self-assembled synthetic block copolymers. Polymerization methods and nanoparticle preparation techniques are similarly analyzed as well as relevant work in this area. Based on our own and others' research, we analyze the use of block copolymers as therapeutic carriers and their promise in treating a variety of diseases, with emphasis on self-assembled micelles for the next generation of oral protein therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola A Chapa-Villarreal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - J Jesus Rodriguez-Cruz
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Diego Pérez-Carlos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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24
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Ashkar F, Wu J. Effects of Food Factors and Processing on Protein Digestibility and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37267055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein is an essential macronutrient. The nutritional needs of dietary proteins are met by digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Indigestible proteins are further metabolized in the gut and produce metabolites via protein fermentation. Thus, protein indigestibility exerts a wide range of effects on gut microbiota composition and function. This review aims to discuss protein digestibility, the effects of food factors, such as protein sources, intake level, and amino acid composition, and making meat analogues. Besides, it provides an inventory of antinutritional factors and processing techniques that influence protein digestibility and, consequently, the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Future studies are warranted to understand the implication of plant-based analogues on protein digestibility and gut microbiota and to elucidate the mechanisms concerning protein digestibility to host gut microbiota using various omics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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25
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Martinez IG, Mika AS, Biesiekierski JR, Costa RJS. The Effect of Gut-Training and Feeding-Challenge on Markers of Gastrointestinal Status in Response to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:1175-1200. [PMID: 37061651 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition during exercise is vital in sustaining prolonged activity and enhancing athletic performance; however, exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) and exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS) are common issues among endurance athletes. Despite this, there has been no systematic assessment of existing trials that examine the impact of repetitive exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to nutrients before and/or during exercise on gastrointestinal integrity, function, and/or symptoms. OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review aimed to identify and synthesize research that has investigated the impact of 'gut-training' or 'feeding-challenge' before and/or during exercise on markers of gastrointestinal integrity, function, and symptoms. METHODS Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for literature that focused on gut-training or feeding-challenge before and/or during exercise that included EIGS and Ex-GIS variables. Quality assessment was conducted in duplicate and independently using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool. RESULTS Overall, 304 studies were identified, and eight studies were included after screening. Gut-training or feeding-challenge interventions included provision of carbohydrates only (n = 7) in various forms (e.g., gels or liquid solutions) during cycling or running, or carbohydrate with protein (n = 1) during intermittent exercise, over a varied duration (4-28 days). Gut discomfort decreased by an average of 47% and 26% with a 2-week repetitive carbohydrate feeding protocol (n = 2) and through repeated fluid ingestion over five trials (n = 1), respectively. Repetitive carbohydrate feeding during exercise for 2 weeks resulted in the reduction of carbohydrate malabsorption by 45-54% (n = 2), but also led to no significant change (n = 1). The effect of gut-training and feeding-challenges on the incidence and severity of Ex-GIS were assessed using different tools (n = 6). Significant improvements in total, upper, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms were observed (n = 2), as well as unclear results (n = 4). No significant changes in gastric emptying rate (n = 2), or markers of intestinal injury and permeability were found (n = 3). Inconclusive results were found in studies that investigated plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration in response to exercise with increased carbohydrate feeding (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Overall, gut-training or feeding-challenge around exercise may provide advantages in reducing gut discomfort, and potentially improve carbohydrate malabsorption and Ex-GIS, which may have exercise performance implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel G Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Alice S Mika
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jessica R Biesiekierski
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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26
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Schiferle EB, Ge W, Reinhard BM. Nanoplastics Weathering and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mobilization. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5773-5784. [PMID: 36881519 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing efforts to recycle plastic materials, large quantities of plastics waste continue to accumulate in the oceans. Persistent mechanical and photochemical degradation of plastics in the oceans yields micro- and nanoscale plastic particles, which represent potential vectors for mobilizing hydrophobic carcinogens in an aqueous milieu. Yet, the fate and potential threats associated with plastics remain largely unexplored. Herein, we apply an accelerated weathering protocol to consumer plastics to characterize the effect of photochemical weathering on the size, morphology, and chemical composition of nanoplastics under defined conditions and validate that the photochemical degradation is consistent with plastics harvested from the Pacific Ocean. Machine learning algorithms trained with accelerated weathering data successfully classify weathered plastics from nature. We demonstrate that photodegradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-containing plastics produces enough CO2 to induce a mineralization process that results in the deposition of CaCO3 on nanoplastics. Finally, we determine that despite UV-radiation induced photochemical degradation and mineral deposition, nanoplastics retain their ability to sorb, mobilize, and increase bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and under simulated physiological gastric and intestinal conditions.
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27
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Goering R, Arora A, Pockalny MC, Taliaferro JM. RNA localization mechanisms transcend cell morphology. eLife 2023; 12:e80040. [PMID: 36867563 PMCID: PMC9984196 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA molecules are localized to specific subcellular regions through interactions between RNA regulatory elements and RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Generally, our knowledge of the mechanistic details behind the localization of a given RNA is restricted to a particular cell type. Here, we show that RNA/RBP interactions that regulate RNA localization in one cell type predictably regulate localization in other cell types with vastly different morphologies. To determine transcriptome-wide RNA spatial distributions across the apicobasal axis of human intestinal epithelial cells, we used our recently developed RNA proximity labeling technique, Halo-seq. We found that mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins (RP mRNAs) were strongly localized to the basal pole of these cells. Using reporter transcripts and single-molecule RNA FISH, we found that pyrimidine-rich motifs in the 5' UTRs of RP mRNAs were sufficient to drive basal RNA localization. Interestingly, the same motifs were also sufficient to drive RNA localization to the neurites of mouse neuronal cells. In both cell types, the regulatory activity of this motif was dependent on it being in the 5' UTR of the transcript, was abolished upon perturbation of the RNA-binding protein LARP1, and was reduced upon inhibition of kinesin-1. To extend these findings, we compared subcellular RNAseq data from neuronal and epithelial cells. We found that the basal compartment of epithelial cells and the projections of neuronal cells were enriched for highly similar sets of RNAs, indicating that broadly similar mechanisms may be transporting RNAs to these morphologically distinct locations. These findings identify the first RNA element known to regulate RNA localization across the apicobasal axis of epithelial cells, establish LARP1 as an RNA localization regulator, and demonstrate that RNA localization mechanisms cut across cell morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Goering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Megan C Pockalny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
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28
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Rai R, Nitin N. Apple-derived 3D scaffold for improving gastrointestinal viability and in-situ growth of probiotics. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112758. [PMID: 37120209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a novel low-cost microbial delivery system by transforming common food materials such as apple tissue into a 3D scaffold. Apple tissue scaffold was constructed by decellularization of intact tissue using a minimal amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5 % w/v). Vacuum-assisted infusion of model probiotic Lactobacillus cells led to a high encapsulation yield of probiotic cells (1010 CFU/g of scaffold) in 3D scaffolds on a wet basis. The bio-polymer coated 3D scaffolds with infused cells significantly enhanced the survivability of infused probiotic cells during simulated gastric and intestinal digestions. In addition, imaging and plate counting results validate the growth of the infused cells in the 3D scaffold after 1-2 days of fermentation in MRS media, while cells without infusion in the scaffold had limited attachment with the intact apple tissue. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the apple tissue-derived 3D scaffold to deliver probiotic cells and include the biochemical compositions to support the growth of delivered microbial cells in the colon.
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An evaluation of the thermoregulatory potential of in ovo delivered bioactive substances (probiotic, folic acid, and essential oil) in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102602. [PMID: 36924590 PMCID: PMC10166709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigating the negative effects of heat stress (HS) is a critical challenge for the global poultry industry. This study evaluated the thermoregulatory potential of 3 in ovo delivered bioactive substances using selected gut health parameters. Eggs were incubated and allotted to 5 groups, and respective bioactive substances delivered. These groups included-the noninjected, in ovo saline, in ovo folic acid (FA), in ovo probiotics (P), and in ovo essential oil (EO). At hatch, chicks were assigned to 5 new posthatch treatment combinations, including A) Negative control (NC)-noninjected eggs offered a basal corn-wheat-soybean diet, B) Antibiotics-NC + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate, C) In ovo FA-eggs injected with FA + NC diet, D) In ovo probiotics-eggs injected with probiotics + NC diet, E) In ovo + in-water EO-eggs injected with EO and supplied EO via drinking water + NC diet. Birds were raised for 28 d in 8 replicate cages/treatment (6 birds/cage) and exposed to either a thermoneutral (24°C ± 0.2) or HS challenge (31°C) condition from d 21 to d 28. The in ovo delivered FA and EO treatments reduced (P < 0.001) hatchability by at least 26% compared to NC. Induced HS reduced (P < 0.001) total plasma protein, total antioxidant capacity, and villus width in the duodenum and jejunum. Independent of HS and compared to NC, the in ovo + in-water EO treatment resulted in (P < 0.05) at least a 15% increase in villus height: crypt depth across the 3 gut sections. The in ovo + in-water EO treatment also increased the relative mRNA expression of intestinal barrier-related genes (Claudin1,3,4, Occludin, Zona occludens-2, and Mucin 2). Under HS, the in ovo + in-water EO treatment recorded a 3.5-fold upregulation of amino acid transporter gene (SLC1A1), compared to NC. Subject to further hatchability optimization, the in ovo + in-water delivery of EO show potential to afford broiler chicken thermotolerance.
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Dorine D, Pälchen K, Verkempinck S, Guevara Zambrano J, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A, Grauwet T. Size exclusion chromatography to evaluate in vitro proteolysis: a case study on the impact of microstructure in pulse powders. Food Chem 2023; 418:135709. [PMID: 37023667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pulse ingredients are increasingly being studied but little knowledge on their proteolysis patterns upon digestion is available. This study investigated a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) approach to study in vitro protein digestion in chickpea and lentil powders, providing novel insights into proteolysis kinetics and the evolution of molecular weight distributions in the (solubilized) supernatant and (non-solubilized) pellet fractions. For the quantification of proteolysis, SEC-based analysis was compared to the commonly used OPA (o-phthaldialdehyde) approach and nitrogen solubilized upon digestion, leading to highly correlated proteolysis kinetics. Generally, all approaches confirmed that microstructure dictated proteolysis kinetics. However, SEC analysis delivered an additional level of molecular insight. For the first time, SEC revealed that while bioaccessible fractions reached a plateau in the small intestinal phase (around 45-60 min), proteolysis continued in the pellet, forming smaller but mostly insoluble peptides. SEC elutograms showed pulse-specific proteolysis patterns, unidentified using other current state-of-the-art methods.
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Dwivedi SL, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Govindaraj M, Ortiz R. Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119148. [PMID: 36794214 PMCID: PMC9923027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation's economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of "Golden Rice" and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Maize and Wheat Research Center, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz. y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Effect of Oxidative Modification by Peroxyl Radical on the Characterization and Identification of Oxidative Aggregates and In Vitro Digestion Products of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Protein Isolates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244104. [PMID: 36553844 PMCID: PMC9777859 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut protein is a key plant protein resource due to its high nutritional value, but walnuts are prone to oxidation during storage and processing. This article explored the oxidative modification and digestion mechanism of walnut protein isolates by peroxyl radical and obtained new findings. SDS-PAGE and spectral analysis were used to identify structural changes in the protein after oxidative modification, and LC-MS/MS was used to identify the digestion products. The findings demonstrated that as the AAPH concentration increased, protein carbonyl content increased from 2.36 to 5.12 nmol/mg, while free sulfhydryl content, free amino content, and surface hydrophobicity decreased from 4.30 nmol/mg, 1.47 μmol/mg, and 167.92 to 1.72 nmol/mg, 1.13 μmol/mg, and 40.93 nmol/mg, respectively. Furthermore, the result of Tricine-SDS-PAGE in vitro digestion revealed that protein oxidation could cause gastric digestion resistance and a tendency for intestinal digestion promotion. Carbonyl content increased dramatically during the early stages of gastric digestion and again after 90 min of intestine digestion, and LC-MS/MS identified the last digestive products of the stomach and intestine as essential seed storage proteins. Oxidation causes walnut proteins to form aggregates, which are then re-oxidized during digestion, and proper oxidative modification may benefit intestinal digestion.
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Protein accessibility level affects macronutrient digestion kinetics of plant-based shakes. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li M, Guo X, Wen N, Gan Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Zeng L. Speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic in rice under different cooking methods and its implication in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87938-87949. [PMID: 35829890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have studied the health risk assessment of human exposure to As or bioaccessible As via rice intake; however, the bioaccessibility of different As species in rice is seldom reported. In the present study, 31 rice samples were collected from markets or individual growers to investigate the speciation and bioaccessibility of As. Five different species (AsIII, AsV, DMA, MMA, and AsB) were detected in rice samples from different regions, among which AsIII accounted for the largest proportion (62.95% in average), followed by DMA and AsV. In addition, the cooking method could facilitate the release of As from rice into gastric and intestinal juice, and subsequently increase the bioaccessibility of As. The bioaccessibility of inorganic As in cooked rice ranged from 71.83 to 100%, and that of organic As ranged from 31.69 to 61.04%. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of children and adults exposure to As via rice intake considering the bioaccessibility of cooked rice was carried out. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of iAs and total As for children ranged from 0.21 to 1.61 and 0.48 to 2.26, respectively, while those for adults ranged from 0.12 to 0.88 and 0.26 to 1.23, respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for children and adults ranged from 9.57 [Formula: see text] 10-5 to 7.25 [Formula: see text] 10-4 and 5.21 [Formula: see text] 10-5 to 3.95 [Formula: see text] 10-4, respectively. The results of risk assessment indicated that children would face a higher health risk than adults when they took the same type of rice as their staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Li
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Nihong Wen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Gan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Locia‐Morales D, Vázquez‐Moreno M, González‐Dzib R, Domínguez‐Hernández C, Pérez‐Herrera A, Robles‐Ramírez RJ, Rocha‐Cruz A, Meyre D, Flores‐Alfaro E, Cruz M. Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12965. [PMID: 36350201 PMCID: PMC9787783 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children. METHODS Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22). RESULTS A positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10-12 ; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10-15 ). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Locia‐Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Vázquez‐Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roxana González‐Dzib
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez‐Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Aleyda Pérez‐Herrera
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaInstituto Politécnico Nacional‐Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral‐Regional Unidad OaxacaOaxaca CityMexico
| | - Roberto J. Robles‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Alberto Rocha‐Cruz
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and NutritionUniversity Hospital of NancyNancyFrance
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Khalid AR, Yasoob TB, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Hang S. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf powder improves jejunal permeability and digestive function by modulating the microbiota composition and mucosal immunity in heat stressed rabbits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80952-80967. [PMID: 35725877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has detrimental effects on intestinal health by altering digestive and immune responses in animals. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has been implicated in ameliorating the impact of HS, but its effects in terms of intestinal function improvement under HS remain poorly characterized. Therefore, the current study investigated the impact of HS and MOLP supplementation on tight junction barriers, intestinal microbiota (jejunal digesta), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in jejunal mucosa of heat-stressed rabbits by using the next-generation sequencing techniques. A total of 21 male New Zealand White rabbits (32 weeks old mean body weight of 3318 ± 171 g) were divided into three groups (n = 7/group) as control (CON, 25 °C), heat stress (HS, 35 °C for 7 h daily), and HS with MOLP supplementation (HSM, 35 °C for 7 h daily) gavage at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks. The results indicated that MOLP supplementation increased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins and glutathione transferase activity, while the malonaldehyde concentration was decreased in the jejunal mucosa compared to HS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MOLP decreased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and myeloperoxidase compared with HS group (P < 0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that at phyla level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in HSM group compared to CON and HS groups. MOLP supplementation also resulted in higher abundance of putatively health-associated genera such as Christensenellaceae R-7 gut group, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Lachnospiraceae unclassified along with higher butyrate levels in HSM group as compared to HS group. The analysis of DEGs revealed that MOLP reversed inflammatory response by downregulation of genes, such as TNFRSF13C, LBP, and COX2 in enriched KEGG pathway of NF-kβ pathway. MOLP supplementation also significantly upregulated the expression of genes in protein digestion and absorption pathway, including PRSS2, LOC100349163, CPA1, CPB1, SLC9A3, SLC1A1, and SLC7A9 in HSM group. Three genes of fibrillar collagens, i.e., COL3A1, COL5A3, and COL12A1 in protein digestion were also down-regulated in HSM group. In conclusion, MOLP supplementation could improve jejunal permeability and digestive function, positively modulate microbiota composition and mucosal immunity in heat-stressed rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf Khalid
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Talat Bilal Yasoob
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suqin Hang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 WeiGang, Xuanwu region, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Fang K, Fang J, Han L, Yin J, Liu T, Wang X. Systematic evaluation of chiral fungicide penflufen for the bioactivity improvement and input reduction using alphafold2 models and transcriptome sequencing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129729. [PMID: 35963089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk assessment of pesticide concludes at the racemic level, which is often incomprehensive. In this study, systematic studies on environmental stability, bioactivity, and ecotoxicological effects of fungicide penflufen were carried out at the enantiomeric level. The single-enantiomer of penflufen was successfully separated and prepared, and their stability was verified in different environmental matrices. Meanwhile, bioactivity test indicated that S-(+)-penflufen had increased bioactivity with its bioactivities against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium moniliforme being factors of 7.8, 1.8, and 4.7, respectively greater than those of R-(-)-penflufen. Molecular docking results showed the strong hydrogen bond interactions with Leu300, enantiomer-specific hydrophobic interactions with Cys299, Arg91, and His93, and the greater binding energy between S-(+)-penflufen and succinate dehydrogenase of Rhizoctonia solani caused the selective bioactivity. Additionally, two enantiomers showed low acute toxicity whereas selective sub-chronic toxicity to earthworms. In sub-chronic toxicity test, the accumulated enantiomers caused abnormalities in intestinal tract structure, enzyme activities, and gene expression of earthworms, especially in the S-(+)-penflufen treatment. The selective interactions between penflufen enantiomers and key proteins were elucidated using molecular docking, which may be the main reason of stereoselective subchronic toxicity. S-(+)-penflufen has high bioactivity and low acute risk, it has great potential for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianwei Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lingxi Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jijie Yin
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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Kapralou AN, Chrousos GP. Metabolic effects of truncal vagotomy when combined with bariatric-metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2022; 135:155263. [PMID: 35835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) in patients with obesity frequently leads to remission of concurrent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even before body weight loss takes place. This is probably based on the correction of a dysmetabolic cycle in the gastrointestinal physiology of T2DM that includes increased vagus-dependent exocrine pancreatic secretion (EPS) and, hence, amplified digestion and nutrient absorption. The resultant chronic exposure of tissues to high plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids causes tissue resistance to the actions of insulin and, at a later stage, β-cell dysfunction and reduction of insulin release. We hypothesize that the addition of a surgical truncal vagotomy (TV) may improve and solidify the beneficial results of BMS on T2DM by stably decreasing EPS, - hence reducing the digestion and absorption of nutrients -, and increasing incretin secretion as a result of increased delivery of unabsorbed nutrients to the distal intestine. This hypothesis is supported by surgical data from gastrointestinal malignancies and peptic ulcer operations that include TV, as well as by vagal blockade studies. We suggest that TV may result in a stable reduction of EPS, and that its combination with the appropriate type of BΜS, may enhance and sustain the salutary effects of the latter on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Soluble Protein Hydrolysate Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Injury in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091287. [PMID: 36139127 PMCID: PMC9496120 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, recurring gastrointestinal diseases that severely impair health and quality of life. Although therapeutic options have significantly expanded in recent years, there is no effective therapy for a complete and permanent cure for IBD. Well tolerated dietary interventions to improve gastrointestinal health in IBD would be a welcome advance especially with anticipated favorable tolerability and affordability. Soluble protein hydrolysate (SPH) is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of commercial food industry salmon offcuts (consisting of the head, backbone and skin) and contains a multitude of bioactive peptides including those with anti-oxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate whether SPH ameliorates gastrointestinal injury in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced mouse colitis model. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (no colitis), Colitis, Colitis/CP (with control peptide treatment), and Colitis/SPH (with SPH treatment). Colitis was induced by cutaneous sensitization with 1% TNBS on day −8 followed by 2.5% TNBS enema challenge on day 0. Control peptides and SPH were provided to the mice in the Colitis/CP or Colitis/SPH group respectively by drinking water at the final concentration of 2% w/v daily from day −10 to day 4. Then, the colon was harvested on day 4 and examined macro- and microscopically. Relevant measures included disease activity index (DAI), colon histology injury, immune cells infiltration, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative gene expression. It was found that SPH treatment decreased the DAI score and colon tissue injury when compared to the colitis-only and CP groups. The protective mechanisms of SPH were associated with reduced infiltration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and B220+ B lymphocytes but not macrophages, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10) in the colon tissue. Moreover, the upregulation of anti-oxidative genes, including ferritin heavy chain 1, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and superoxide dismutase 1, in the colons of colitis/SPH group was observed compared with the control peptide treatment group. In conclusion, the protective mechanism of SPH is associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects as demonstrated herein in an established mice model of colitis. Clinical studies with SPH as a potential functional food for the prevention or as an adjuvant therapy in IBD may add an effective and targeted diet-based approach to IBD management in the future.
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Actinidin in Green and SunGold Kiwifruit Improves Digestion of Alternative Proteins—An In Vitro Investigation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182739. [PMID: 36140865 PMCID: PMC9497782 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Hayward (green) and SunGold (gold) kiwifruit varieties contain a proteolytic enzyme, actinidin, that has been reported to enhance the upper tract digestion of animal proteins. Unlike the other gold varieties, which do not contain any actinidin, the SunGold variety contains significantly higher actinidin activity, but its activity is still much lower than that present in the green (Hayward) fruit. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of actinidin in Hayward and SunGold kiwifruit in digesting alternative proteins, including pea protein, almonds, tofu, and quinoa. The protein sources were digested using a three-stage in vitro oral-gastro-small intestinal digestion model. The findings showed that both kiwifruit extracts enhanced the breakdown (observed through SDS-PAGE) for all the studied protein sources, particularly during gastric digestion, possibly due to higher actinidin activity at gastric pH. The increase in the rate of protein breakdown was probably due to the broader specificity of actinidin compared to pepsin. For many protein sources, most of the intact proteins disappeared within the first few minutes of gastric digestion with added kiwifruit extract. Green kiwifruit extract, due to its higher actinidin activity, had a higher effect on protein breakdown than the SunGold extract. However, for some proteins and under certain digestion conditions, SunGold extract resulted in higher protein breakdown. The latter, in the absence of any digestive enzymes, also led to some protein breakdown during the small intestinal digestion phase, which was not the case for the green kiwifruit extract. The green kiwifruit extract led to the greater breakdown of polypeptide chains of Pru-du 6, a major allergen in almonds. The results, for the first time, suggest that both Hayward and SunGold kiwifruit can lead to improved breakdown and digestion of alternative proteins when consumed as part of a meal; and therefore, have the potential to be used as a digestive aid in population groups looking to achieve faster and greater protein digestion such as athletes, elderly and people with the impaired digestive system.
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Chen JY, Zeng JY, Ding S, Li J, Liu X, Guan DX, Ma LQ. Arsenic contents, speciation and bioaccessibility in rice grains from China: Regional and variety differences. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129431. [PMID: 35897189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the staple food for Asian countries and with its ability in arsenic accumulation, rice consumption becomes a dominant pathway for As exposure to humans. Here, we collected 108 rice samples from local markets and online sources in 13 major rice-producing regions in China, and determined As contents, speciation and bioaccessibility in the samples. Total As contents were 25-327 μg kg-1 (averaging 120), showing regional differences, with Hunan province being greater than other provinces at 180 vs 110. In rice grains, inorganic As was the dominant species, being 39.9-88.5 (61.1 %), but all being within the Chinese standard at 200 μg kg-1. Based on the modified physiologically-based extraction test (MPEBT), arsenic bioaccessibility in rice samples was 20.1-82.2 (52.3 %) in the gastric phase and 47.2-113 (81.2 %) in the intestinal phase. Strong positive correlation between total As and bioaccessible As suggested bioaccessible As was content-dependent. Based on the intestinal phase, the rice samples from northern region had lower As bioaccessibility than other regions (59.2 vs 83.2 %), and Japonica variety had lower As bioaccessibility than Indica variety (71.1 vs 83.1 %). This study suggests that rice from markets in China is safe, with their As contents and bioaccessibility showing regional and variety differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Maheshwari N, Khan AA, Ali A, Mahmood R. Oral administration of pentachlorophenol impairs antioxidant system, inhibits enzymes of brush border membrane, causes DNA damage and histological changes in rat intestine. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:616-627. [PMID: 36051662 PMCID: PMC9424705 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a broad spectrum biocide that has many domestic and industrial applications. PCP enters the environment due to its wide use, especially as a wood preservative. Human exposure to PCP is through contaminated water and adulterated food products. PCP is highly toxic and is classified as class 2B or probable human carcinogen. In this study, we explored the effect of PCP on rat intestine. Adult rats were orally given different doses of PCP (25-150-mg/kg body weight/day) in corn oil for 5 days, whereas controls were given similar amount of corn oil. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment. A marked increase in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl content, and hydrogen peroxide level was seen. The glutathione and sulfhydryl group content was decreased in all PCP treated groups. This strongly suggests the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestine. PCP administration suppressed carbohydrate metabolism, inhibited enzymes of brush border membrane (BBM), and antioxidant defense system. It also led to increase in DNA damage, which was evident from comet assay, DNA-protein cross-linking, and DNA fragmentation. Histological studies supported the biochemical results showing marked dose-dependent tissue damage in intestines from PCP treated animals. This study reports for the first time that oral administration of PCP induces ROS, impairs the antioxidant system, damages DNA, and alters the enzyme activities of BBM and metabolic pathways in rat intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Departments of Anatomy, J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Asif Ali
- Departments of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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Improvement of Glycemic Control by a Functional Food Mixture Containing Maltodextrin, White Kidney Bean Extract, Mulberry Leaf Extract, and Niacin-Bound Chromium Complex in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080693. [PMID: 35893259 PMCID: PMC9394435 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-fiber granule (SFG) is a mixture containing maltodextrin, white kidney bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, and niacin-bound chromium complex. These active ingredients have been shown to be associated with improving either hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of SFG in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis under obese diabetic conditions. Accordingly, db/db mice (8 weeks old) were administered with SFG at doses of 1.025, 2.05, or 5.125 g/kg BW daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks. No body weight loss was observed after SFG supplementation at all three doses during the experimental period. Supplementation of SFG at 2.05 g/kg BW decreased fasting blood glucose, blood fructosamine, and HbA1c levels in db/db mice. Insulin sensitivity was also improved, as indicated by HOMA-IR assessment and oral glucose tolerance test, although the fasting insulin levels were no different in db/db mice with or without SFG supplementation. Meanwhile, the plasma levels of triglyceride were reduced by SFG at all three doses. These findings suggest that SFG improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice and can be available as an option for functional foods to aid in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in daily life.
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Tullie L, Jones BC, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Building gut from scratch - progress and update of intestinal tissue engineering. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:417-431. [PMID: 35241800 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS), a condition defined by insufficient absorptive intestinal epithelium, is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence up to 0.4 in 10,000 people. However, it has substantial morbidity and mortality for affected patients. The mainstay of treatment in SBS is supportive, in the form of intravenous parenteral nutrition, with the aim of achieving intestinal autonomy. The lack of a definitive curative therapy has led to attempts to harness innate developmental and regenerative mechanisms to engineer neo-intestine as an alternative approach to addressing this unmet clinical need. Exciting advances have been made in the field of intestinal tissue engineering (ITE) over the past decade, making a review in this field timely. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in the components required to engineer intestinal grafts and summarize the progress of ITE. We also explore some key factors to consider and challenges to overcome when transitioning tissue-engineered intestine towards clinical translation, and provide the future outlook of ITE in therapeutic applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Duijsens D, Pälchen K, Guevara-Zambrano J, Verkempinck S, Infantes-Garcia M, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A, Grauwet T. Strategic choices for in vitro food digestion methodologies enabling food digestion design. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guevara-Zambrano J, Verkempinck S, Hernandez-Ruiz L, Infantes-Garcia M, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A, Grauwet T. Digestion kinetics of lipids and proteins in plant-based shakes: Impact of processing conditions and resulting structural properties. Food Chem 2022; 382:132306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shen Y, Jiang Z, Zhong X, Wang H, Liu Y, Li X. Manipulation of cadmium and diethylhexyl phthalate on Rana chensinensis tadpoles affects the intestinal microbiota and fatty acid metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153455. [PMID: 35093358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract and intestine microbiota can both have deep effects on the lipid metabolism and immune function of amphibians. Additionally, the composition and structure of the microbial community are influenced by environmental pollutions. It is noteworthy that environmental compounds such as Cd and DEHP are pervasive in the aquatic environment and do not exist in isolation, and single exposure experiments cannot well explain the effects of unpredictable interactions between co-existing compounds on amphibians. In this study, we calculated the parameters of morphological and histological indices of Rana chensinensis tadpoles after treated with Cd and/or DEHP. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to assess the relative abundance of intestinal microbial community among tadpoles from each treatment groups. We also examined the mRNA expression levels of lipid digestion and absorption and SCFAs related-genes. Our results indicated that all morphological and histological indices were significantly declined in the Cd treatment group, while the mixed treatment group was similar to the control group. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia exhibited distinctive differences in Cd and/or DEHP treatment groups. Further, RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of lipid metabolism and SCFAs related-genes were also significantly altered among the treatment groups. Taken together, the present study highlighted a new evidence that the alterations in intestinal microbial community and mRNA expression levels of larval amphibians after exposure to Cd and/or DEHP may impair lipid storage and transport, as well as reduce anti-inflammatory capacity, which may ultimately lead to a decline in amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Liu D, Chen M, Zhu J, Tian W, Guo Y, Ma H. A Two-Stage Enzymolysis Method and Its Application in Exerting Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Protein. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889434. [PMID: 35495928 PMCID: PMC9046995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional enzymolysis method for producing bioactive peptides does not consider the utilization of digestive enzymes in the human gastrointestinal tract, leading to the possibility of excessive hydrolysis and higher production cost. Therefore, a two-stage enzymolysis method was established in this study based on in vitro limited enzymolysis and gastrointestinal digestion, and applied it to the research of walnut protein (WP) in exerting antioxidant activity. Results showed that WP could be well-digested by pepsin and pancreatin. WP with limited enzymolysis degree of 0% could achieve high antioxidant activity after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and reducing power were 66.53% and 8.55 μmoL TE/mL, respectively. In vivo experimental results also exhibited that both WP and WP hydrolysate (WPH) could alleviate the oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in SD rats to some extent. Considering the digestive function of human body, in vitro limited enzymolysis, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vivo validation are necessary processes for the production of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junsong Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weijie Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haile Ma
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Liu JH, Liu DY, Yuan YF, Sun XJ, Shan SM. Comparison of the performance of MS enteroscope series and Japanese double- and single-balloon enteroscopes. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1329-1337. [PMID: 35645541 PMCID: PMC9099188 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i13.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestine disease endangers human health and is not easy to locate and diagnose.
AIM To observe the effect of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes on the gastrointestinal tract, the changes in serum gastrin levels and intestinal tissue, and the time required for the examination.
METHODS In vivo experiments in 20 Living pigs were conducted, Bowel preparation was routinely performed, Intravenous anesthesia with propofol and ketamine was applied, the condition of the small intestine was observed and the detection time of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes were recorded, The changes in intestinal tissue using the MS series of small intestine endoscopes observed and compared before and after the examination, Venous blood (3-5 mL) from pigs was collected before and after the experiment; changes in intestinal tissue after use of the MS series of small intestine endoscopes observed after examination. After completion of each type of small intestine endoscope experiment, the pigs were allowed to rest and the next type of small intestine endoscope experiment was performed after 15 days of normal feeding. The detection time data of the single-balloon small intestine endoscope and double-balloon small intestine endoscope were collected from four hospitals.
RESULTS One case of Ascarislumbricoides, one of suspected Crohn's disease, one small intestinal diverticulum and one anesthesia accident were observed in pigs. The small intestine showed no differences in the MS series of small intestine endoscopes and there were no differences in serum gastrin between the groups (P > 0.05). The time required for inspection was recorded, and the overall detection time for the Japanese small intestine endoscopes was approximately 1.68 ± 0.16 h.
CONCLUSION Intestinal ascariasis is a common disease in pigs. Some pigs have abnormal intestinal variation. After continuous upgrade and improvement, the MS-3 and MS-4 small intestine endoscope appear superior in terms of detection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan-Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Feng Yuan
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Mei Shan
- General Manager Office, Dalian Ming Sheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
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Fermentation of black soybean with Bacillus spp. for the production of kinema: changes in antioxidant potential on fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1353-1361. [PMID: 35250060 PMCID: PMC8882489 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Black soybean was fermented with four different potential Bacillus spp., including Bacillus licheniformis K1G, Bacillus subtilis K2B, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K2G and Bacillus subtilis K2M, isolated from kinema, a traditionally fermented soybean product of Sikkim. Enhancement of antioxidant activity was observed with DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power potential and total antioxidant activity in methanolic as well as water extracts. Overall antioxidant activities were found to be higher in fermented black soybean in comparison to yellow soybean, showing its potential for production of kinema. Further, black soybean fermented using different starter was subjected to gastrointestinal digestion using pepsin and pancreatin. Upon gastrointestinal digestion of fermented black soybean changes in antioxidant activity was observed that was found to be reliant on the species and strains applied for fermentation as starter culture. Among different starters used for fermentation, black soybean fermented using B. subtilis K2M had higher DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activity on gastrointestinal digestion. This study concludes that B. subtilis K2M can be applied for fermentation of black soybean for production of kinema as well as bioactive protein hydrolysates. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05144-y.
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