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Ivanova A, Badertscher L, O'Driscoll G, Bergman J, Gordon E, Gunnarsson A, Johansson C, Munson MJ, Spinelli C, Torstensson S, Vilén L, Voirel A, Wiseman J, Rak J, Dekker N, Lázaro-Ibáñez E. Creating Designer Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Diverse Ligand Display, Target Recognition, and Controlled Protein Loading and Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304389. [PMID: 37867228 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents remains a bottleneck in modern medicine. Here, biochemical engineering approaches to advance the repurposing of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery vehicles are explored. Targeting ligands such as the sugar GalNAc are displayed on the surface of EVs using a HaloTag-fused to a protein anchor that is enriched on engineered EVs. These EVs are successfully targeted to human primary hepatocytes. In addition, the authors are able to decorate EVs with an antibody that recognizes a GLP1 cell surface receptor by using an Fc and Fab region binding moiety fused to an anchor protein, and they show that this improves EV targeting to cells that overexpress the receptor. The authors also use two different protein-engineering approaches to improve the loading of Cre recombinase into the EV lumen and demonstrate that functional Cre protein is delivered into cells in the presence of chloroquine, an endosomal escape enhancer. Lastly, engineered EVs are well tolerated upon intravenous injection into mice without detectable signs of liver toxicity. Collectively, the data show that EVs can be engineered to improve cargo loading and specific cell targeting, which will aid their transformation into tailored drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Ivanova
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Lukas Badertscher
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Gwen O'Driscoll
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergman
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Euan Gordon
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Camilla Johansson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Sweden Imaging Hub, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Michael J Munson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sara Torstensson
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Liisa Vilén
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Andrei Voirel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
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Loyo-Celis V, Patel D, Sanghvi S, Kaur K, Ponnalagu D, Zheng Y, Bindra S, Bhachu HR, Deschenes I, Gururaja Rao S, Singh H. Biophysical characterization of chloride intracellular channel 6 (CLIC6). J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105349. [PMID: 37838179 PMCID: PMC10641671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channels (CLICs) are a family of proteins that exist in soluble and transmembrane forms. The newest discovered member of the family CLIC6 is implicated in breast, ovarian, lung gastric, and pancreatic cancers and is also known to interact with dopamine-(D(2)-like) receptors. The soluble structure of the channel has been resolved, but the exact physiological role of CLIC6, biophysical characterization, and the membrane structure remain unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize the biophysical properties of this channel using a patch-clamp approach. To determine the biophysical properties of CLIC6, we expressed CLIC6 in HEK-293 cells. On ectopic expression, CLIC6 localizes to the plasma membrane of HEK-293 cells. We established the biophysical properties of CLIC6 by using electrophysiological approaches. Using various anions and potassium (K+) solutions, we determined that CLIC6 is more permeable to chloride-(Cl-) as compared to bromide-(Br-), fluoride-(F-), and K+ ions. In the whole-cell configuration, the CLIC6 currents were inhibited after the addition of 10 μM of IAA-94 (CLIC-specific blocker). CLIC6 was also found to be regulated by pH and redox potential. We demonstrate that the histidine residue at 648 (H648) in the C terminus and cysteine residue in the N terminus (C487) are directly involved in the pH-induced conformational change and redox regulation of CLIC6, respectively. Using qRT-PCR, we identified that CLIC6 is most abundant in the lung and brain, and we recorded the CLIC6 current in mouse lung epithelial cells. Overall, we have determined the biophysical properties of CLIC6 and established it as a Cl- channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Loyo-Celis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Devendra Patel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shridhar Sanghvi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sahej Bindra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Harmeet Rireika Bhachu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Karaaslan Z, Şengül-Yediel B, Yüceer-Korkmaz H, Şanlı E, Gezen-Ak D, Dursun E, Timirci-Kahraman Ö, Baykal AT, Yılmaz V, Türkoğlu R, Kürtüncü M, Gündüz T, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Tüzün E, İsmail Küçükali C. Chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (CLIC1) antibody in multiple sclerosis patients with predominant optic nerve and spinal cord involvement. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104940. [PMID: 37603930 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibodies to cell surface proteins of astrocytes have been described in chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders (CIDD) of the central nervous system including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Our aim was to identify novel anti-astrocyte autoantibodies in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients presenting predominantly with spinal cord and optic nerve attacks (MS-SCON). METHODS Sera of 29 MS-SCON patients and 36 healthy controls were screened with indirect immunofluorescence to identify IgG reacting with human astrocyte cultures. Putative target autoantigens were investigated with immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) studies using cultured human astrocytes. Validation of LC-MS/MS results was carried out by IP and ELISA. RESULTS Antibodies to astrocytic cell surface antigens were detected in 5 MS-SCON patients by immunocytochemistry. LC-MS/MS analysis identified chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (CLIC1) as the single common membrane antigen in 2 patients with MS-SCON. IP experiments performed with the commercial CLIC1 antibody confirmed CLIC1-antibody. Home made ELISA using recombinant CLIC1 protein as the target antigen identified CLIC1 antibodies in 9/29 MS-SCON and 3/15 relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (RION) patients but in none of the 30 NMOSD patients, 36 RRMS patients with only one or no myelitis/optic neuritis attacks and 36 healthy controls. Patients with CLIC1-antibodies showed trends towards exhibiting reduced disability scores. CONCLUSION CLIC1-antibody was identified for the first time in MS and RION patients, confirming once again anti-astrocytic autoimmunity in CIDD. CLIC1-antibody may potentially be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for differentiation of MS from NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Karaaslan
- Institute of Graduate Studies in HealthySciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Şengül-Yediel
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Yüceer-Korkmaz
- Institute of Graduate Studies in HealthySciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Şanlı
- Institute of Graduate Studies in HealthySciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Timirci-Kahraman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarık Baykal
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yılmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recai Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kürtüncü
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Gündüz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem İsmail Küçükali
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Randhawa K, Jahani-Asl A. CLIC1 regulation of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 92:99-123. [PMID: 38007271 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) has emerged as a therapeutic target in various cancers. CLIC1 promotes cell cycle progression and cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. Furthermore, CLIC1 is shown to play diverse roles in proliferation, cell volume regulation, tumour invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. In glioblastoma (GB), CLIC1 facilitates the G1/S phase transition and tightly regulates glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), a rare population of self-renewing CSCs with central roles in tumour resistance to therapy and tumour recurrence. CLIC1 is found as either a monomeric soluble protein or as a non-covalent dimeric protein that can form an ion channel. The ratio of dimeric to monomeric protein is altered in GSCs and depends on the cell redox state. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the alterations in CLIC1 expression and structural transitions will further our understanding of its role in GSC biology. This review will highlight the role of CLIC1 in GSCs and its significance in facilitating different hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Randhawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Chen GL, Li J, Zhang J, Zeng B. To Be or Not to Be an Ion Channel: Cryo-EM Structures Have a Say. Cells 2023; 12:1870. [PMID: 37508534 PMCID: PMC10378246 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets after G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to well-recognized ones like voltage-gated Na/K/Ca channels in the heart and neurons, novel ion channels are continuously discovered in both excitable and non-excitable cells and demonstrated to play important roles in many physiological processes and diseases such as developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, in the field of ion channel discovery, there are an unignorable number of published studies that are unsolid and misleading. Despite being the gold standard of a functional assay for ion channels, electrophysiological recordings are often accompanied by electrical noise, leak conductance, and background currents of the membrane system. These unwanted signals, if not treated properly, lead to the mischaracterization of proteins with seemingly unusual ion-conducting properties. In the recent ten years, the technical revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has greatly advanced our understanding of the structures and gating mechanisms of various ion channels and also raised concerns about the pore-forming ability of some previously identified channel proteins. In this review, we summarize cryo-EM findings on ion channels with molecular identities recognized or disputed in recent ten years and discuss current knowledge of proposed channel proteins awaiting cryo-EM analyses. We also present a classification of ion channels according to their architectures and evolutionary relationships and discuss the possibility and strategy of identifying more ion channels by analyzing structures of transmembrane proteins of unknown function. We propose that cross-validation by electrophysiological and structural analyses should be essentially required for determining molecular identities of novel ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Das BK, Khan WA, Sreekumar SN, Ponraj K, Achary VMM, Reddy ES, Balasubramaniam D, Chandele A, Reddy MK, Arockiasamy A. Plant dehydroascorbate reductase moonlights as membrane integrated ion channel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109603. [PMID: 37084805 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are only known as soluble antioxidant enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. They recycle ascorbate from dehydroascorbate, thereby protecting plants from oxidative stress and the resulting cellular damage. DHARs share structural GST fold with human chloride intracellular channels (HsCLICs) which are dimorphic proteins that exists in soluble enzymatic and membrane integrated ion channel forms. While the soluble form of DHAR has been extensively studied, the existence of a membrane integrated form remains unknown. We demonstrate for the first time using biochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and bilayer electrophysiology that Pennisetum glaucum DHAR (PgDHAR) is dimorphic and is localized to the plant plasma membrane. In addition, membrane translocation increases under induced oxidative stress. Similarly, HsCLIC1 translocates more into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma membrane under induced oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, purified soluble PgDHAR spontaneously inserts and conducts ions in reconstituted lipid bilayers, and the addition of detergent facilitates insertion. In addition to the well-known soluble enzymatic form, our data provides conclusive evidence that plant DHAR also exists in a novel membrane-integrated form. Thus, the structure of DHAR ion channel form will help gain deeper insights into its function across various life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba Krishna Das
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Wajahat Ali Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sreeshma Nellootil Sreekumar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kannapiran Ponraj
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - D Balasubramaniam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Hossain KR, Turkewitz DR, Holt SA, Le Brun AP, Valenzuela SM. Sterol Structural Features' Impact on the Spontaneous Membrane Insertion of CLIC1 into Artificial Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3286-3300. [PMID: 36821411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: A membrane protein interaction with lipids shows distinct specificity in terms of the sterol structure. The structure of the sterol's polar headgroup, steroidal rings, and aliphatic side chains have all been shown to influence protein membrane interactions, including the initial binding and subsequent oligomerization to form functional channels. Previous studies have provided some insights into the regulatory role that cholesterol plays in the spontaneous membrane insertion of the chloride intracellular ion channel protein, CLIC1. However, the manner in which cholesterol interacts with CLIC1 is yet largely unknown. Method: In this study, the CLIC1 interaction with different lipid:sterol monolayers was studied using the Langmuir trough and neutron reflectometry in order to investigate the structural features of cholesterol essential for the spontaneous membrane insertion of the CLIC1 protein. Molecular docking simulations were also performed to study the binding affinities between CLIC1 and the different sterol molecules. Results: This study, for the first time, highlights the vital role of the free sterol 3β-OH group as an essential structural requirement for the interaction of CLIC1 with cholesterol. Furthermore, the presence of additional hydroxyl groups, methylation of the sterol skeleton, and the structure of the sterol alkyl side chain have also been shown to modulate the magnitude of CLIC1 interaction with sterols and hence their spontaneous membrane insertion. This study also reports the ability of CLIC1 to interact with other naturally existing sterol molecules. General Significance: Like the sterol molecules, CLIC proteins are evolutionarily conserved with almost all vertebrates expressing six CLIC proteins (CLIC1-6), and CLIC-like proteins are also present in invertebrates and have also been reported in plants. This discovery of CLIC1 protein interaction with other natural sterols and the sterol structural requirements for CLIC membrane insertion provide key information to explore the feasibility of exploiting these properties for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondker R Hossain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Daniel R Turkewitz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-User Analysis at Low-Levels (IDEAL Hub), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, , Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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8
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Ozaki S, Mikami K, Kunieda T, Tanaka J. Chloride Intracellular Channel Proteins (CLICs) and Malignant Tumor Progression: A Focus on the Preventive Role of CLIC2 in Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194890. [PMID: 36230813 PMCID: PMC9562003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) have been identified as ion channel proteins, their true functions are still elusive. Recent in silico analyses show that CLICs may be prognostic markers in cancer. This review focuses on CLIC2 that plays preventive roles in malignant cell invasion and metastasis. CLIC2 is secreted extracellularly and binds to matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), while inhibiting its activity. As a result, CLIC2 may contribute to the development/maintenance of junctions between blood vessel endothelial cells and the inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. CLIC2 may be a novel therapeutic target for malignancies. Abstract CLICs are the dimorphic protein present in both soluble and membrane fractions. As an integral membrane protein, CLICs potentially possess ion channel activity. However, it is not fully clarified what kinds of roles CLICs play in physiological and pathological conditions. In vertebrates, CLICs are classified into six classes: CLIC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Recently, in silico analyses have revealed that the expression level of CLICs may have prognostic significance in cancer. In this review, we focus on CLIC2, which has received less attention than other CLICs, and discuss its role in the metastasis and invasion of malignant tumor cells. CLIC2 is expressed at higher levels in benign tumors than in malignant ones, most likely preventing tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissues. CLIC2 is also expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of normal tissues and maintains their intercellular adhesive junctions, presumably suppressing the hematogenous metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Surprisingly, CLIC2 is localized in secretory granules and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Secreted CLIC2 binds to MMP14 and inhibits its activity, leading to suppressed MMP2 activity. CLIC4, on the other hand, promotes MMP14 activity. These findings challenge the assumption that CLICs are ion channels, implying that they could be potential new targets for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Suita 564-8565, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.T.)
| | - Kanta Mikami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.T.)
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9
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Varela L, Hendry AC, Cassar J, Martin-Escolano R, Cantoni D, Ossa F, Edwards JC, Abdul-Salam V, Ortega-Roldan JL. Zn2+ triggered two-step mechanism of CLIC1 membrane insertion and activation into chloride channels. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276009. [PMID: 35833483 PMCID: PMC9511705 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) protein family displays the unique feature of altering its structure from a soluble form to a membrane-bound chloride channel. CLIC1, a member of this family, is found in the cytoplasm or in internal and plasma membranes, with membrane relocalisation linked to endothelial disfunction, tumour proliferation and metastasis. The molecular switch promoting CLIC1 activation remains under investigation. Here, cellular Cl− efflux assays and immunofluorescence microscopy studies have identified intracellular Zn2+ release as the trigger for CLIC1 activation and membrane insertion. Biophysical assays confirmed specific binding to Zn2+, inducing membrane association and enhancing Cl− efflux in a pH-dependent manner. Together, our results identify a two-step mechanism with Zn2+ binding as the molecular switch promoting CLIC1 membrane insertion, followed by pH-mediated activation of Cl− efflux. Summary: Identification of a two-step mechanism of CLIC1 membrane insertion based on Zn2+ binding and pH activation of Cl− efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | - Alex C Hendry
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | - Joseph Cassar
- School of Biosciences. University of Kent. CT2 7NJ. Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Diego Cantoni
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7 4TB, UK
| | - Felipe Ossa
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Edwards
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vahitha Abdul-Salam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Metabolomics Defines Complex Patterns of Dyslipidaemia in Juvenile-SLE Patients Associated with Inflammation and Potential Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010003. [PMID: 35050125 PMCID: PMC8779263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) associated with atherosclerosis. The interplay between dyslipidaemia and inflammation—mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis—were investigated retrospectively in adolescent JSLE patients using lipoprotein-based serum metabolomics in patients with active and inactive disease, compared to healthy controls (HCs). Data was analysed using machine learning, logistic regression, and linear regression. Dyslipidaemia in JSLE patients was characterised by lower levels of small atheroprotective high-density lipoprotein subsets compared to HCs. These changes were exacerbated by active disease and additionally associated with significantly higher atherogenic very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) compared to patients with low disease activity. Atherogenic lipoprotein subset expression correlated positively with clinical and serological markers of JSLE disease activity/inflammation and was associated with disturbed liver function, and elevated expression of T-cell and B-cell lipid rafts (cell signalling platforms mediating immune cell activation). Finally, exposing VLDL/LDL from patients with active disease to HC lymphocytes induced a significant increase in lymphocyte lipid raft activation compared to VLDL/LDL from inactive patients. Thus, metabolomic analysis identified complex patterns of atherogenic dyslipidaemia in JSLE patients associated with inflammation. This could inform lipid-targeted therapies in JSLE to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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11
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Chen J, Zhang M, Ma Z, Yuan D, Zhu J, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. Alteration and dysfunction of ion channels/transporters in a hypoxic microenvironment results in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:739-749. [PMID: 33856653 PMCID: PMC8338819 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in the world and has only few treatment options and, concomitantly, a poor prognosis. It is generally accepted now that the tumor microenvironment, particularly that under hypoxia, plays an important role in cancer development. Hypoxia can regulate the energy metabolism and malignancy of tumor cells by inducing or altering various important factors, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), autophagy and acidosis. In addition, altered expression and/or dysfunction of ion channels/transporters (ICTs) have been encountered in a variety of human tumors, including GC, and to play an important role in the processes of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Increasing evidence indicates that ICTs are at least partly involved in interactions between cancer cells and their hypoxic microenvironment. Here, we provide an overview of the different ICTs that regulate or are regulated by hypoxia in GC. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Hypoxia is one of the major obstacles to cancer therapy. Regulating cellular responses and factors under hypoxia can inhibit GC. Similarly, altering the expression or activity of ICTs, such as the application of ion channel inhibitors, can slow down the growth and/or migration of GC cells. Since targeting the hypoxic microenvironment and/or ICTs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of GC, more attention should be paid to the interplay between ICTs and the development and progression of GC in such a microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dumin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province, China.
- Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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12
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Cianci F, Verduci I. Transmembrane Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (tmCLIC1) as a Potential Biomarker for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070635. [PMID: 34357102 PMCID: PMC8307889 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of potential pathological biomarkers has proved to be essential for understanding complex and fatal diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Ion channels are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Moreover, loss of function and aberrant expression of ion channels and transporters have been linked to various cancers, and to neurodegeneration. The Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein belonging to a partially unexplored protein superfamily, the CLICs. In homeostatic conditions, CLIC1 protein is expressed in cells as a cytosolic monomer. In pathological states, CLIC1 is specifically expressed as transmembrane chloride channel. In the following review, we trace the involvement of CLIC1 protein functions in physiological and in pathological conditions and assess its functionally active isoform as a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Turkewitz DR, Moghaddasi S, Alghalayini A, D'Amario C, Ali HM, Wallach M, Valenzuela SM. Comparative study of His- and Non-His-tagged CLIC proteins, reveals changes in their enzymatic activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101015. [PMID: 34036185 PMCID: PMC8138732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride intracellular ion channel protein (CLIC) family are a unique set of ion channels that can exist as soluble and integral membrane proteins. New evidence has emerged that demonstrates CLICs' possess oxidoreductase enzymatic activity and may function as either membrane-spanning ion channels or as globular enzymes. To further characterize the enzymatic profile of members of the CLIC family and to expand our understanding of their functions, we expressed and purified recombinant CLIC1, CLIC3, and a non-functional CLIC1-Cys24A mutant using a Histidine tag, bacterial protein expression system. We demonstrate that the presence of the six-polyhistidine tag at the amino terminus of the proteins led to a decrease in their oxidoreductase enzymatic activity compared to their non-His-tagged counterparts, when assessed using 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide as a substrate. These results strongly suggest the six-polyhistidine tag alters CLIC's structure at the N-terminus, which also contains the enzyme active site. It also raises the need for caution in use of His-tagged proteins when assessing oxidoreductase protein enzymatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Turkewitz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saba Moghaddasi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Amani Alghalayini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Claudia D'Amario
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hala M Ali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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14
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Lu D, Le Y, Ding J, Dou X, Mao W, Zhu J. CLIC1 Inhibition Protects Against Cellular Senescence and Endothelial Dysfunction Via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:239-252. [PMID: 33432550 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a sensor of oxidative stress in endothelial cells (EC). However, the mechanism by which CLIC1 mediate the regulation of endothelial dysfunction has not been established. In this study, overexpressed CLIC1 impaired the ability of the vascular cells to resist oxidative damage and promoted cellular senescence. Besides, suppressed CLIC1 protected against cellular senescence and dysfunction in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. We also found that ROS-activated CLIC1-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. Nrf2 nuclear translocation was inhibited by CLIC1 overexpression, but was enhanced by IAA94 (CLICs inhibitor) treatment or knockdown of CLIC1. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway plays a critical role in the anti-oxidative effect of suppressing CLIC1. And inhibition of CLIC1 decreases oxidative stress injury by downregulating the levels of ROS, MDA, and the expression of EC effectors (ICAM1 and VCAM1) protein expression and promotes the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The AMPK-mediated signaling pathway activates Nrf2 through Nrf2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which is also regulated by CLIC1. Moreover, the activation of CLIC1 contributes to H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of mitochondrial fission. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms by which CLIC1 is involved in these pivotal pathways may uncover its therapeutic potential in alleviating ECs oxidative stress and age-related cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Le
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Cardiovascular department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ji Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Francisco MA, Wanggou S, Fan JJ, Dong W, Chen X, Momin A, Abeysundara N, Min HK, Chan J, McAdam R, Sia M, Pusong RJ, Liu S, Patel N, Ramaswamy V, Kijima N, Wang LY, Song Y, Kafri R, Taylor MD, Li X, Huang X. Chloride intracellular channel 1 cooperates with potassium channel EAG2 to promote medulloblastoma growth. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133839. [PMID: 32097463 PMCID: PMC7201926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels represent a large class of drug targets, but their role in brain cancer is underexplored. Here, we identify that chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is overexpressed in human central nervous system malignancies, including medulloblastoma, a common pediatric brain cancer. While global knockout does not overtly affect mouse development, genetic deletion of CLIC1 suppresses medulloblastoma growth in xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models. Mechanistically, CLIC1 enriches to the plasma membrane during mitosis and cooperates with potassium channel EAG2 at lipid rafts to regulate cell volume homeostasis. CLIC1 deficiency is associated with elevation of cell/nuclear volume ratio, uncoupling between RNA biosynthesis and cell size increase, and activation of the p38 MAPK pathway that suppresses proliferation. Concurrent knockdown of CLIC1/EAG2 and their evolutionarily conserved channels synergistically suppressed the growth of human medulloblastoma cells and Drosophila melanogaster brain tumors, respectively. These findings establish CLIC1 as a molecular dependency in rapidly dividing medulloblastoma cells, provide insights into the mechanism by which CLIC1 regulates tumorigenesis, and reveal that targeting CLIC1 and its functionally cooperative potassium channel is a disease-intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Francisco
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jerry J Fan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weifan Dong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Momin
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Namal Abeysundara
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kee Min
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jade Chan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rochelle McAdam
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marian Sia
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronwell J Pusong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shixuan Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nish Patel
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noriyuki Kijima
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu-Yang Wang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ran Kafri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Medina-Carmona E, Varela L, Hendry AC, Thompson GS, White LJ, Boles JE, Hiscock JR, Ortega-Roldan JL. A quantitative assay to study the lipid selectivity of membrane-associated systems using solution NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11665-11668. [PMID: 33000772 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The activity of membrane proteins and compounds that interact with the membrane is modulated by the surrounding lipid composition. However, there are no simple methods that determine the composition of these annular phospholipids in eukaryotic systems. Herein, we describe a simple methodology that enables the identification and quantification of the lipid composition around membrane-associated compounds using SMA-nanodiscs and routine 1H-31P NMR.
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17
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Hossain KR, Turkewitz DR, Holt SA, Herson L, Brown LJ, Cornell BA, Curmi PMG, Valenzuela SM. A conserved GXXXG motif in the transmembrane domain of CLIC proteins is essential for their cholesterol-dependant membrane interaction. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1243-1253. [PMID: 31075359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterols have been reported to modulate conformation and hence the function of several membrane proteins. One such group is the Chloride Intracellular Ion Channel (CLIC) family of proteins. The CLIC protein family consists of six evolutionarily conserved protein members in vertebrates. These proteins exist as both monomeric soluble proteins and as membrane bound proteins. To date, the structure of their membrane-bound form remains unknown. In addition to several studies indicating cellular redox environment and pH as facilitators of CLIC1 insertion into membranes, we have also demonstrated that the spontaneous membrane insertion of CLIC1 is regulated by membrane cholesterol. METHOD We have performed Langmuir-film, Impedance Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking Simulations to study the role of this GXXXG motif in CLIC1 interaction with cholesterol. RESULTS Unlike CLIC1-wild-type protein, the G18A and G22A mutants, that form part of the GXXXG motif, showed much slower initial kinetics and lower ion channel activity compared to the native protein. This difference can be attributed to the significantly reduced membrane interaction and insertion rate of the mutant proteins and/or slower formation of the final membrane configuration of the mutant proteins once in the membrane. CONCLUSION In this study, our findings uncover the identification of a GXXXG motif in CLIC1, which likely serves as the cholesterol-binding domain, that facilitates the protein's membrane interaction and insertion. Furthermore, we were able to postulate a model by which CLIC1 can autonomously insert into membranes to form functional ion channels. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Members of the CLIC family of proteins demonstrate unusual structural and dual functional properties - as ion channels and enzymes. Elucidating how the CLIC proteins' interact with membranes, thus allowing them to switch between their soluble and membrane form, will provide key information as to a mechanism of moonlighting activity and a novel regulatory role for cholesterol in such a process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondker Rufaka Hossain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Daniel R Turkewitz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Height, Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Leonie Herson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Louise J Brown
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Bruce A Cornell
- Surgical Diagnostics Pty Ltd., Roseville, Sydney 2069, Australia; Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia; Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
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18
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Barbieri F, Verduci I, Carlini V, Zona G, Pagano A, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Repurposed Biguanide Drugs in Glioblastoma Exert Antiproliferative Effects via the Inhibition of Intracellular Chloride Channel 1 Activity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 30918838 PMCID: PMC6424887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of in-depth knowledge about the molecular determinants of glioblastoma (GBM) occurrence and progression, combined with few effective and BBB crossing-targeted compounds represents a major challenge for the discovery of novel and efficacious drugs for GBM. Among relevant molecular factors controlling the aggressive behavior of GBM, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents an emerging prognostic and predictive biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target. CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein, co-existing as both soluble cytoplasmic and membrane-associated conformers, with the latter acting as chloride selective ion channel. CLIC1 is involved in several physiological cell functions and its abnormal expression triggers tumor development, favoring tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. CLIC1 overexpression is associated with aggressive features of various human solid tumors, including GBM, in which its expression level is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that modification of microglia ion channel activity, and CLIC1 in particular, contributes to the development of different neuropathological states and brain tumors. Intriguingly, CLIC1 is constitutively active within cancer stem cells (CSCs), while it seems less relevant for the survival of non-CSC GBM subpopulations and for normal cells. CSCs represent GBM development and progression driving force, being endowed with stem cell-like properties (self-renewal and differentiation), ability to survive therapies, to expand and differentiate, causing tumor recurrence. Downregulation of CLIC1 results in drastic inhibition of GBM CSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, making the control of the activity this of channel a possible innovative pharmacological target. Recently, drugs belonging to the biguanide class (including metformin) were reported to selectively inhibit CLIC1 activity in CSCs, impairing their viability and invasiveness, but sparing normal stem cells, thus representing potential novel antitumor drugs with a safe toxicological profile. On these premises, we review the most recent insights into the biological role of CLIC1 as a potential selective pharmacological target in GBM. Moreover, we examine old and new drugs able to functionally target CLIC1 activity, discussing the challenges and potential development of CLIC1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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19
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Liu B, Billington CK, Henry AP, Bhaker SK, Kheirallah AK, Swan C, Hall IP. Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) contributes to modulation of cyclic AMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents in human bronchial epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29368798 PMCID: PMC5789713 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride channels are known to play critical physiological roles in many cell types. Here, we describe the expression of anion channels using RNA Seq in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs). Chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family members were the most abundant chloride channel transcripts, and CLIC1 showed the highest level of expression. In addition, we characterize the chloride currents in hBECs and determine how inhibition of CLIC1 via pharmacological and molecular approaches impacts these. We demonstrate that CLIC1 is able to modulate cyclic AMP‐induced chloride currents and suggest that CLIC1 modulation could be important for chloride homeostasis in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sangita K Bhaker
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander K Kheirallah
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Swan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Peretti M, Raciti FM, Carlini V, Verduci I, Sertic S, Barozzi S, Garré M, Pattarozzi A, Daga A, Barbieri F, Costa A, Florio T, Mazzanti M. Mutual Influence of ROS, pH, and CLIC1 Membrane Protein in the Regulation of G 1-S Phase Progression in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2451-2461. [PMID: 30135216 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal, aggressive, and diffuse brain tumor. The main challenge for successful treatment is targeting the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation responsible for tumor origin, progression, and recurrence. Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), highly expressed in CSCs, is constitutively present in the plasma membrane where it is associated with chloride ion permeability. In vitro, CLIC1 inhibition leads to a significant arrest of GB CSCs in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, CLIC1 knockdown impairs tumor growth in vivo Here, we demonstrate that CLIC1 membrane localization and function is specific for GB CSCs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) do not show CLIC1-associated chloride permeability, and inhibition of CLIC1 protein function has no influence on MSC cell-cycle progression. Investigation of the basic functions of GB CSCs reveals a constitutive state of oxidative stress and cytoplasmic alkalinization compared with MSCs. Both intracellular oxidation and cytoplasmic pH changes have been reported to affect CLIC1 membrane functional expression. We now report that in CSCs these three elements are temporally linked during CSC G1-S transition. Impeding CLIC1-mediated chloride current prevents both intracellular ROS accumulation and pH changes. CLIC1 membrane functional impairment results in GB CSCs resetting from an allostatic tumorigenic condition to a homeostatic steady state. In contrast, inhibiting NADPH oxidase and NHE1 proton pump results in cell death of both GB CSCs and MSCs. Our results show that CLIC1 membrane protein is crucial and specific for GB CSC proliferation, and is a promising pharmacologic target for successful brain tumor therapies. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2451-61. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peretti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Sertic
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Barozzi
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy and Cogentech S.c.a.r.l., IFOM Via Adamello, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garré
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy and Cogentech S.c.a.r.l., IFOM Via Adamello, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino and Dipartimento delle Terapie Oncologiche Integrate, Ospedale San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico San Martino and Dipartimento delle Terapie Oncologiche Integrate, Ospedale San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Kobayashi T, Shiozaki A, Nako Y, Ichikawa D, Kosuga T, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Chloride intracellular channel 1 as a switch among tumor behaviors in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23237-23252. [PMID: 29796185 PMCID: PMC5955400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported important roles for chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) in various cancers; however, its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CLIC1 in human ESCC. Methods: CLIC1 expression in human ESCC cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. Knockdown experiments were conducted with CLIC1 siRNA, and their effects on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were analyzed. The gene expression profiles of cells were analyzed using a microarray analysis. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 61 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy. Results: ESCC cells strongly expressed CLIC1. The depletion of CLIC1 using siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and promoted cell migration and invasion. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that the depletion of CLIC1 regulated apoptosis via the TLR2/JNK pathway. Immunohistochemistry showed that CLIC1 was present in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells, and that the very strong or very weak expression of CLIC1 was an independent poor prognostic factor. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the very strong expression of CLIC1 enhances tumor survival, while its very weak expression promotes cellular movement. The present study provides an insight into the role of CLIC1 as a switch among tumor behaviors in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nako
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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22
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Gururaja Rao S, Ponnalagu D, Patel NJ, Singh H. Three Decades of Chloride Intracellular Channel Proteins: From Organelle to Organ Physiology. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 80:11.21.1-11.21.17. [PMID: 30040212 PMCID: PMC6060641 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular organelles are membranous structures central for maintaining cellular physiology and the overall health of the cell. To maintain cellular function, intracellular organelles are required to tightly regulate their ionic homeostasis. Any imbalance in ionic concentrations can disrupt energy production (mitochondria), protein degradation (lysosomes), DNA replication (nucleus), or cellular signaling (endoplasmic reticulum). Ionic homeostasis is also important for volume regulation of intracellular organelles and is maintained by cation and anion channels as well as transporters. One of the major classes of ion channels predominantly localized to intracellular membranes is chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs). They are non-canonical ion channels with six homologs in mammals, existing as either soluble or integral membrane protein forms, with dual functions as enzymes and channels. Provided in this overview is a brief introduction to CLICs, and a summary of recent information on their localization, biophysical properties, and physiological roles. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neel J Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Qu H, Chen Y, Cao G, Liu C, Xu J, Deng H, Zhang Z. Identification and validation of differentially expressed proteins in epithelial ovarian cancers using quantitative proteomics. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83187-83199. [PMID: 27825122 PMCID: PMC5347761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor because of its high recurrence rate. In the present work, in order to find new therapeutic targets, we identified 8480 proteins in thirteen pairs of ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovary tissues through quantitative proteomics. 498 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in ovarian cancer, which involved in various cellular processes, including metabolism, response to stimulus and biosynthetic process. The expression levels of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) and lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal ovary tissues as confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The knockdown of CLIC1 in A2780 cell line downregulated expression of CTPS1, leading to the decrease of CTP and an arrest of cell cycle G1 phase, which results into a slower proliferation. CLIC1-knockdown can also slow down the tumor growth in vivo. Besides, CLIC1-knockdown cells showed an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and cisplatin, suggesting that CLIC1 was involved in regulation of redox and drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. These results indicate CLIC1 promotes tumorgenesis, and is a potential therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Cao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiatong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Hossain KR, Holt SA, Le Brun AP, Al Khamici H, Valenzuela SM. X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity Study Shows That CLIC1 Undergoes Cholesterol-Dependent Structural Reorganization in Lipid Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12497-12509. [PMID: 29016141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CLIC1 belongs to the ubiquitous family of chloride intracellular ion channel proteins that are evolutionarily conserved across species. The CLICs are unusual in that they exist mainly as soluble proteins but possess the intriguing property of spontaneous conversion from the soluble to an integral membrane-bound form. This conversion is regulated by the membrane lipid composition, especially by cholesterol, together with external factors such as oxidation and pH. However, the precise physiological mechanism regulating CLIC1 membrane insertion is currently unknown. In this study, X-ray and neutron reflectivity experiments were performed to study the interaction of CLIC1 with different phospholipid monolayers prepared using POPC, POPE, or POPS with and without cholesterol in order to better understand the regulatory role of cholesterol in CLIC1 membrane insertion. Our findings demonstrate for the first time two different structural orientations of CLIC1 within phospholipid monolayers, dependent upon the absence or presence of cholesterol. In phospholipid monolayers devoid of cholesterol, CLIC1 was unable to insert into the lipid acyl chain region. However, in the presence of cholesterol, CLIC1 showed significant insertion within the phospholipid acyl chains occupying an area per protein molecule of 6-7 nm2 with a total CLIC1 thickness ranging from ∼50 to 56 Å across the entire monolayer. Our data strongly suggests that cholesterol not only facilitates the initial docking or binding of CLIC1 to the membrane but also promotes deeper penetration of CLIC1 into the hydrophobic tails of the lipid monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondker R Hossain
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
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25
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Identification of Potent Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 Inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine through Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4751780. [PMID: 29147652 PMCID: PMC5632872 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4751780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is involved in the development of most aggressive human tumors, including gastric, colon, lung, liver, and glioblastoma cancers. It has become an attractive new therapeutic target for several types of cancer. In this work, we aim to identify natural products as potent CLIC1 inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database using structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. First, structure-based docking was employed to screen the refined TCM database and the top 500 TCM compounds were obtained and reranked by X-Score. Then, 30 potent hits were achieved from the top 500 TCM compounds using cluster and ligand-protein interaction analysis. Finally, MD simulation was employed to validate the stability of interactions between each hit and CLIC1 protein from docking simulation, and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) analysis was used to refine the virtual hits. Six TCM compounds with top MM-GBSA scores and ideal-binding models were confirmed as the final hits. Our study provides information about the interaction between TCM compounds and CLIC1 protein, which may be helpful for further experimental investigations. In addition, the top 6 natural products structural scaffolds could serve as building blocks in designing drug-like molecules for CLIC1 inhibition.
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26
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Zhou N, Cheng W, Peng C, Liu Y, Jiang B. Decreased expression of hsa‑miR‑372 predicts poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder cancer by affecting chloride intracellular channel 1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7848-7854. [PMID: 28944858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that hsa‑microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑372 functions as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various digestive system tumors, however, its roles in gallbladder cancer (GBC) are yet to be established. The present study aimed to determine the expression and clinical relevance of hsa‑miR‑372 in GBC. The expression of hsa‑miR‑372 in 80 pairs of human GBC tissues and adjacent normal gallbladder tissues was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the associations between hsa‑miR‑372 expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GBC were determined using χ2 test. Furthermore, Kaplan‑Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between hsa‑miR‑372 expression and the prognosis of patients with GBC. Furthermore, a dual‑luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis were performed to predict and verify the target gene of hsa‑miR‑372. The results demonstrated that markedly lower hsa‑miR‑372 expression was observed in GBC tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBC. Downregulated expression of hsa‑miR‑372 was negatively associated with tumor histological grade, tumor‑node‑metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, however, no association was observed between reduced hsa‑miR‑372 expression and patient gender, age, tumor size and gallbladder stones. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that hsa‑miR‑372 expression, histological grade and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with GBC. Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) was previously reported to be an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of GBC. Notably, the results of the present study indicated that CLIC1 may be a direct target gene of hsa‑miR‑372. In conclusion, the current study provides the first statistically convincing evidence that downregulation of hsa‑miR‑372 may occur in GBC tissues, which may be associated with aggressive and progressive tumor behavior by affecting CLIC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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27
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Bruno J, Pozzi N, Oliva J, Edwards JC. Apolipoprotein L1 confers pH-switchable ion permeability to phospholipid vesicles. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18344-18353. [PMID: 28918394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1) is a human serum protein conferring resistance to African trypanosomes, and certain ApoL1 variants increase susceptibility to some progressive kidney diseases. ApoL1 has been hypothesized to function like a pore-forming colicin and has been reported to have permeability effects on both intracellular and plasma membranes. Here, to gain insight into how ApoL1 may function in vivo, we used vesicle-based ion permeability, direct membrane association, and intrinsic fluorescence to study the activities of purified recombinant ApoL1. We found that ApoL1 confers chloride-selective permeability to preformed phospholipid vesicles and that this selectivity is strongly pH-sensitive, with maximal activity at pH 5 and little activity above pH 7. When ApoL1 and lipid were allowed to interact at low pH and were then brought to neutral pH, chloride permeability was suppressed, and potassium permeability was activated. Both chloride and potassium permeability linearly correlated with the mass of ApoL1 in the reaction mixture, and both exhibited lipid selectivity, requiring the presence of negatively charged lipids for activity. Potassium, but not chloride, permease activity required the presence of calcium ions in both the association and activation steps. Direct assessment of ApoL1-lipid associations confirmed that ApoL1 stably associates with phospholipid vesicles, requiring low pH and the presence of negatively charged phospholipids for maximal binding. Intrinsic fluorescence of ApoL1 supported the presence of a significant structural transition when ApoL1 is mixed with lipids at low pH. This pH-switchable ion-selective permeability may explain the different effects of ApoL1 reported in intracellular and plasma membrane environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jonathan Oliva
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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28
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Tang T, Lang X, Xu C, Wang X, Gong T, Yang Y, Cui J, Bai L, Wang J, Jiang W, Zhou R. CLICs-dependent chloride efflux is an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:202. [PMID: 28779175 PMCID: PMC5544706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome can sense different pathogens or danger signals, and has been reported to be involved in the development of many human diseases. Potassium efflux and mitochondrial damage are both reported to mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but the underlying, orchestrating signaling events are still unclear. Here we show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) act downstream of the potassium efflux-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 agonists induce potassium efflux, which causes mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion. Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation.The NLRP3 inflammasome is key to the regulation of innate immunity against pathogens or stress, but the underlying signaling regulation is still unclear. Here the authors show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) interface between mitochondria stress and inflammasome activation to modulate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xueting Lang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Congfei Xu
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiaqiong Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Bai
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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29
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Domingo-Fernández R, Coll RC, Kearney J, Breit S, O'Neill LAJ. The intracellular chloride channel proteins CLIC1 and CLIC4 induce IL-1β transcription and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12077-12087. [PMID: 28576828 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that regulates the activation of caspase-1 leading to the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and promoting pyroptosis. Classically, the NLRP3 inflammasome in murine macrophages is activated by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and by many structurally unrelated factors. Understanding the precise mechanism of NLRP3 activation by such a wide array of stimuli remains elusive, but several signaling events, including cytosolic efflux and influx of select ions, have been suggested. Accordingly, several studies have indicated a role of anion channels in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, but their direct involvement has not been shown. Here, we report that the chloride intracellular channel proteins CLIC1 and CLIC4 participate in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Confocal microscopy and cell fractionation experiments revealed that upon LPS stimulation of macrophages, CLIC1 and CLIC4 translocated into the nucleus and cellular membrane. In LPS/ATP-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), CLIC1 or CLIC4 siRNA transfection impaired transcription of IL-1β, ASC speck formation, and secretion of mature IL-1β. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CLIC1 and CLIC4 participate both in the priming signal for IL-1β and in NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Domingo-Fernández
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rebecca C Coll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jay Kearney
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Samuel Breit
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Ulmasov B, Bruno J, Oshima K, Cheng YW, Holly SP, Parise LV, Egan TM, Edwards JC. CLIC1 null mice demonstrate a role for CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production and tissue injury. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13169. [PMID: 28275112 PMCID: PMC5350177 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated and studied CLIC1 null (C1KO) mice to investigate the physiological role of this protein. C1KO and matched wild-type (WT) mice were studied in two models of acute toxic tissue injury. CLIC1 expression is upregulated following acute injury of WT kidney and pancreas and is absent in C1KOs. Acute tissue injury is attenuated in the C1KOs and this correlates with an absence of the rise in tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is seen in WT mice. Infiltration of injured tissue by inflammatory cells was comparable between WT and C1KOs. Absence of CLIC1 increased PMA-induced superoxide production by isolated peritoneal neutrophils but dramatically decreased PMA-induced superoxide production by peritoneal macrophages. CLIC1 is expressed in both neutrophils and macrophages in a peripheral pattern consistent with either plasma membrane or the cortical cytoskeleton in resting cells and redistributes away from the periphery following PMA stimulation in both cell types. Absence of CLIC1 had no effect on redistribution or dephosphorylation of Ezrin/ERM cytoskeleton in macrophages. Plasma membrane chloride conductance is altered in the absence of CLIC1, but not in a way that would be expected to block superoxide production. NADPH oxidase redistributes from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane when WT macrophages are stimulated to produce superoxide and this redistribution fails to occur in C1KO macrophages. We conclude that the role of CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production is to support redistribution of NADPH oxidase to the plasma membrane, and not through major effects on ERM cytoskeleton or by acting as a plasma membrane chloride channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ulmasov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yao-Wen Cheng
- UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen P Holly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leslie V Parise
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Terrance M Egan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John C Edwards
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
Mitochondria are the "power house" of a cell continuously generating ATP to ensure its proper functioning. The constant production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation demands a large electrochemical force that drives protons across the highly selective and low-permeable mitochondrial inner membrane. Besides the conventional role of generating ATP, mitochondria also play an active role in calcium signaling, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress responses, and regulation of cell-death pathways. Deficiencies in these functions result in several pathological disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A plethora of ion channels and transporters are present in the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes which work in concert to preserve the ionic equilibrium of a cell for the maintenance of cell integrity, in physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. For, e.g., mitochondrial cation channels KATP and BKCa play a significant role in cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to the cation channels, mitochondrial anion channels are equally essential, as they aid in maintaining electro-neutrality by regulating the cell volume and pH. This chapter focusses on the information on molecular identity, structure, function, and physiological relevance of mitochondrial chloride channels such as voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs), uncharacterized mitochondrial inner membrane anion channels (IMACs), chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) and the aspects of forthcoming chloride channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Room 8154, Mail Stop 488, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Room 8154, Mail Stop 488, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA.
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Al Khamici H, Hossain KR, Cornell BA, Valenzuela SM. Investigating Sterol and Redox Regulation of the Ion Channel Activity of CLIC1 Using Tethered Bilayer Membranes. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6040051. [PMID: 27941637 PMCID: PMC5192407 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The Chloride Intracellular Ion Channel (CLIC) family consists of six conserved proteins in humans. These are a group of enigmatic proteins, which adopt both a soluble and membrane bound form. CLIC1 was found to be a metamorphic protein, where under specific environmental triggers it adopts more than one stable reversible soluble structural conformation. CLIC1 was found to spontaneously insert into cell membranes and form chloride ion channels. However, factors that control the structural transition of CLIC1 from being an aqueous soluble protein into a membrane bound protein have yet to be adequately described. Using tethered bilayer lipid membranes and electrical impedance spectroscopy system, herein we demonstrate that CLIC1 ion channel activity is dependent on the type and concentration of sterols in bilayer membranes. These findings suggest that membrane sterols play an essential role in CLIC1’s acrobatic switching from a globular soluble form to an integral membrane form, promoting greater ion channel conductance in membranes. What remains unclear is the precise nature of this regulation involving membrane sterols and ultimately determining CLIC1’s membrane structure and function as an ion channel. Furthermore, our impedance spectroscopy results obtained using CLIC1 mutants, suggest that the residue Cys24 is not essential for CLIC1’s ion channel function. However Cys24 does appear important for optimal ion channel activity. We also observe differences in conductance between CLIC1 reduced and oxidized forms when added to our tethered membranes. Therefore, we conclude that both membrane sterols and redox play a role in the ion channel activity of CLIC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Al Khamici
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Khondher R Hossain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), NSW 2234, Australia.
| | | | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
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Xu Y, Zhu J, Hu X, Wang C, Lu D, Gong C, Yang J, Zong L. CLIC1 Inhibition Attenuates Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166790. [PMID: 27861612 PMCID: PMC5115793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, which includes endothelial oxidative damage and vascular inflammation, is a key initiating step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) and an independent risk factor for this disorder. Intracellular chloride channel 1 (CLIC1), a novel metamorphic protein, acts as a sensor of cell oxidation and is involved in inflammation. In this study, we hypothesize that CLIC1 plays an important role in AS. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were supplied with a normal diet or a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Overexpressed CLIC1 was associated with the accelerated atherosclerotic plaque development, amplified oxidative stress, and in vivo release of inflammatory cytokines. We subsequently examined the underlying molecular mechanisms through in vitro experiments. Treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2O2 induced endothelial oxidative damage and enhanced CLIC1 expression. Suppressing CLIC1 expression through gene knocked-out (CLIC1-/-) or using the specific inhibitor indanyloxyacetic acid-94 (IAA94) reduced ROS production, increased SOD enzyme activity, and significantly decreased MDA level. CLIC1-/- HUVECs exhibited significantly reduced expression of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at the protein levels. In addition, H2O2 promoted CLIC1 translocation to the cell membrane and insertion into lipid membranes, whereas IAA94 inhibited CLIC1 membrane translocation induced by H2O2. By contrast, the majority of CLIC1 did not aggregate on the cell membrane in normal HUVECs, and this finding is consistent with the changes in cytoplasmic chloride ion concentration. This study demonstrates for the first time that CLIC1 is overexpressed during AS development both in vitro and in vivo and can regulate the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and production of oxidative stress. Our results also highlight that deregulation of endothelial functions may be associated with the membrane translocation of CLIC1 and active chloride-selective ion channels in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chenxue Gong
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhuan Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zong
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Hare JE, Goodchild SC, Breit SN, Curmi PMG, Brown LJ. Interaction of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) with Lipid Bilayers: A Fluorescence Study. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3825-33. [PMID: 27299171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S-transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipid bilayers to form an ion channel. The conversion between these forms involves a large, but reversible, structural rearrangement of the CLIC1 module. The only identified environmental triggers controlling the metamorphic transition of CLIC1 are pH and oxidation. Until now, there have been no high-resolution structural data available for the CLIC1 integral membrane state, and consequently, a limited understanding of how CLIC1 unfolds and refolds across the bilayer to form a membrane protein with ion channel activity exists. Here we show that fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to establish the interaction and position of CLIC1 in a lipid bilayer. Our method employs a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) approach between CLIC1 and a dansyl-labeled lipid analogue to probe the CLIC1-lipid interface. Under oxidizing conditions, a strong FRET signal between the single tryptophan residue of CLIC1 (Trp35) and the dansyl-lipid analogue was detected. When considering the proportion of CLIC1 interacting with the lipid bilayer, as estimated by fluorescence quenching experiments, the FRET distance between Trp35 and the dansyl moiety on the membrane surface was determined to be ∼15 Å. This FRET-detected interaction provides direct structural evidence that CLIC1 associates with membranes. The results presented support the current model of an oxidation-driven interaction of CLIC1 with lipid bilayers and also propose a membrane anchoring role for Trp35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Hare
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds , Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel N Breit
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Louise J Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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35
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Cholesterol Promotes Interaction of the Protein CLIC1 with Phospholipid Monolayers at the Air-Water Interface. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6010015. [PMID: 26875987 PMCID: PMC4812421 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CLIC1 is a Chloride Intracellular Ion Channel protein that exists either in a soluble state in the cytoplasm or as a membrane bound protein. Members of the CLIC family are largely soluble proteins that possess the intriguing property of spontaneous insertion into phospholipid bilayers to form integral membrane ion channels. The regulatory role of cholesterol in the ion-channel activity of CLIC1 in tethered lipid bilayers was previously assessed using impedance spectroscopy. Here we extend this investigation by evaluating the influence of cholesterol on the spontaneous membrane insertion of CLIC1 into Langmuir film monolayers prepared using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine alone or in combination with cholesterol. The spontaneous membrane insertion of CLIC1 was shown to be dependent on the presence of cholesterol in the membrane. Furthermore, pre-incubation of CLIC1 with cholesterol prior to its addition to the Langmuir film, showed no membrane insertion even in monolayers containing cholesterol, suggesting the formation of a CLIC1-cholesterol pre-complex. Our results therefore suggest that CLIC1 membrane interaction involves CLIC1 binding to cholesterol located in the membrane for its initial docking followed by insertion. Subsequent structural rearrangements of the protein would likely also be required along with oligomerisation to form functional ion channels.
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36
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Ponnalagu D, Gururaja Rao S, Farber J, Xin W, Hussain AT, Shah K, Tanda S, Berryman M, Edwards JC, Singh H. Molecular identity of cardiac mitochondrial chloride intracellular channel proteins. Mitochondrion 2016; 27:6-14. [PMID: 26777142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences demonstrate significance of chloride channels in cardiac function and cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Unlike mitochondrial potassium channels sensitive to calcium (BKCa) and ATP (KATP), molecular identity of majority of cardiac mitochondrial chloride channels located at the inner membrane is not known. In this study, we report the presence of unique dimorphic chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) proteins namely CLIC1, CLIC4 and CLIC5 as abundant CLICs in the rodent heart. Further, CLIC4, CLIC5, and an ortholog present in Drosophila (DmCLIC) localize to adult cardiac mitochondria. We found that CLIC4 is enriched in the outer mitochondrial membrane, whereas CLIC5 is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Also, CLIC5 plays a direct role in regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Our study highlights that CLIC5 is localized to the cardiac mitochondria and directly modulates mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Jason Farber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Wenyu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Ahmed Tafsirul Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Kajol Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Soichi Tanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Mark Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States.
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37
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Lu J, Dong Q, Zhang B, Wang X, Ye B, Zhang F, Song X, Gao G, Mu J, Wang Z, Ma F, Gu J. Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is activated and functions as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2015; 32:616. [PMID: 25920608 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1), a newly discovered member of the chloride channel protein family, has been implicated in multiple human cancers. However, little is known with regard to its expression and biological functions in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance and biological functions of CLIC1 in pancreatic cancer and found that this protein was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. Patients with CLIC1-positive tumours had worse overall survival than those with CLIC1-negative tumours. Furthermore, the treatment of pancreatic cancer cell lines with CLIC1-targeting siRNA oligonucleotides significantly reduced cell proliferation and diminished anchorage-independent growth on both soft agar and cell migration. These data indicate that CLIC1 acts as a putative oncogene in pancreatic cancer and may represent a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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38
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CLIC1 a novel biomarker of intraperitoneal metastasis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4175-9. [PMID: 25582317 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of intraperitoneal metastasis is a pivot for survival of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancers (SEOC). However, to date, there is lack of efficient molecular biomarker for early metastasis of SEOC. Here, we found that the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is highly correlative with intraperitoneal metastasis. There is very low expression of CLIC1 in normal ovaries (NO), benign ovarian tumor (BOT), and primary ovarian cancer without metastasis (POCNM); but its expression is remarkably high in primary ovarian cancer with metastasis (POCM) omentum and peritoneal metastasis. Furthermore, for clinic prediction of intraperitoneal metastasis of SEOC, the sensitivity and specificity of CLIC1 overexpression were 97.4 and 88.1 %, respectively. Collectively, CLIC1 may be a potential sensitive and specific molecular biomarker for early diagnose for SEOC metastasis.
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Al Khamici H, Brown LJ, Hossain KR, Hudson AL, Sinclair-Burton AA, Ng JPM, Daniel EL, Hare JE, Cornell BA, Curmi PMG, Davey MW, Valenzuela SM. Members of the chloride intracellular ion channel protein family demonstrate glutaredoxin-like enzymatic activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e115699. [PMID: 25581026 PMCID: PMC4291220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chloride Intracellular Ion Channel (CLIC) family consists of six evolutionarily conserved proteins in humans. Members of this family are unusual, existing as both monomeric soluble proteins and as integral membrane proteins where they function as chloride selective ion channels, however no function has previously been assigned to their soluble form. Structural studies have shown that in the soluble form, CLIC proteins adopt a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fold, however, they have an active site with a conserved glutaredoxin monothiol motif, similar to the omega class GSTs. We demonstrate that CLIC proteins have glutaredoxin-like glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase enzymatic activity. CLICs 1, 2 and 4 demonstrate typical glutaredoxin-like activity using 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide as a substrate. Mutagenesis experiments identify cysteine 24 as the catalytic cysteine residue in CLIC1, which is consistent with its structure. CLIC1 was shown to reduce sodium selenite and dehydroascorbate in a glutathione-dependent manner. Previous electrophysiological studies have shown that the drugs IAA-94 and A9C specifically block CLIC channel activity. These same compounds inhibit CLIC1 oxidoreductase activity. This work for the first time assigns a functional activity to the soluble form of the CLIC proteins. Our results demonstrate that the soluble form of the CLIC proteins has an enzymatic activity that is distinct from the channel activity of their integral membrane form. This CLIC enzymatic activity may be important for protecting the intracellular environment against oxidation. It is also likely that this enzymatic activity regulates the CLIC ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Al Khamici
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Louise J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Khondker R. Hossain
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Hudson
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Alxcia A. Sinclair-Burton
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jane Phui Mun Ng
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Joanna E. Hare
- Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Cornell
- Surgical Diagnostics, Roseville, Sydney, New South Wales 2069, Australia
| | - Paul M. G. Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mary W. Davey
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Stella M. Valenzuela
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Correani V, Francesco LD, Cera I, Mignogna G, Giorgi A, Mazzanti M, Fumagalli L, Fabrizi C, Maras B, Schininà ME. Reversible redox modifications in the microglial proteome challenged by beta amyloid. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1584-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reversible redox modifications of the microglial proteome contribute to switching of these neuronal sentinel cells toward a neuroinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Correani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Isabella Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mignogna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche
- Istologiche
- Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche
- Istologiche
- Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
| | - Bruno Maras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - M. Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
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41
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CLIC1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:193-8. [PMID: 25227665 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) gene family is a recently identified class of Cl channel proteins. Although CLIC1 involvement is well established in some cancers such as gastric cancer and colon cancer, its expression pattern in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of CLIC1 in relation to progression and prognosis of GBC. Eight fresh gallbladder cancers paired with adjacent non-tumour tissues were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blot. Tissue samples from resected gallbladder cancer (n = 75) and cholelithiasis (n = 75) were evaluated for CLIC1 expression by immunohistochemical staining. Their expression was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters. CLIC1 expression was significantly higher (62.7 %) in gallbladder cancer than in cholelithiasis (21.3 %, p < 0.001). CLIC1 levels were associated with the histological grade, TNM stage and perineural invasion (p < 0.05), but not with patient age, sex, lymph node metastasis or gallbladder stones (p > 0.05). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a positive CLIC1 expression was associated with a decreased overall survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CLIC1 expression and histological grade were independent risk factors for overall survival. Therefore, the expression of CLIC1 is closely related to the progression of GBC and may be used as an effective marker for predicting the prognosis of this disease.
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42
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Cross M, Fernandes M, Dirr H, Fanucchi S. Glutamate 85 and glutamate 228 contribute to the pH-response of the soluble form of chloride intracellular channel 1. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:83-93. [PMID: 25209805 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The chloride intracellular channel protein, CLIC1, is synthesised as a soluble monomer that can reversibly bind membranes. Soluble CLIC1 is proposed to respond to the low pH found at a membrane surface by partially unfolding and restructuring into a membrane-competent conformation. This transition is proposed to be controlled by strategically located "pH-sensor" residues that become protonated at acidic pH. In this study, we investigate the role of two conserved glutamate residues, Glu85 in the N-domain and Glu228 in the C-domain, as pH-sensors. E85L and E228L CLIC1 variants were created to reduce pH sensitivity by permanently breaking the bonds these residues form. The structure and stability of each variant was compared to the wild type at both pH 7.0 and pH 5.5. Neither substitution significantly altered the structure but both decreased the conformational stability. Furthermore, E85L CLIC1 formed a urea-induced unfolding intermediate state at both pH 7 and pH 5.5 compared to wild-type and E228L CLIC1 which only formed the intermediate at pH 5.5. We conclude that Glu85 and Glu228 are two of the five pH-sensor residues of CLIC1 and contribute to the pH-response in different ways. Glu228 lowers the stability of the native state at pH 5.5, while Glu85 contributes both to the stability of the native state and to the formation of the intermediate state. By putting these interactions into the context of the three previously described CLIC1 pH-sensor residues, we propose a mechanism for the conversion of CLIC1 from the soluble state to the pre-membrane form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cross
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Do H, Kim IS, Kim YS, Shin SY, Kim JJ, Mok JE, Park SI, Wi AR, Park H, Kim HW, Yoon HS, Lee JH. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) from Oryza sativa L. japonica. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:781-5. [PMID: 24915093 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14009133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroascorbate reductase from Oryza sativa L. japonica (OsDHAR), a key enzyme in the regeneration of vitamin C, maintains reduced pools of ascorbic acid to detoxify reactive oxygen species. In previous studies, the overexpression of OsDHAR in transgenic rice increased grain yield and biomass as well as the amount of ascorbate, suggesting that ascorbate levels are directly associated with crop production in rice. Hence, it has been speculated that the increased level of antioxidants generated by OsDHAR protects rice from oxidative damage and increases the yield of rice grains. However, the crystal structure and detailed mechanisms of this important enzyme need to be further elucidated. In this study, recombinant OsDHAR protein was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at pH 8.0 and 298 K. Plate-shaped crystals were obtained using 0.15 M potassium bromide, 30%(w/v) PEG MME 2000 as a precipitant, and the crystals diffracted to a resolution of 1.9 Å on beamline 5C at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The X-ray diffraction data indicated that the crystal contained one OsDHAR molecule in the asymmetric unit and belonged to space group P2₁ with unit-cell parameters a=47.03, b=48.38, c=51.83 Å, β=107.41°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hackwon Do
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sup Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Shin
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Mok
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Im Park
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Ram Wi
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Averaimo S, Abeti R, Savalli N, Brown LJ, Curmi PMG, Breit SN, Mazzanti M. Point mutations in the transmembrane region of the clic1 ion channel selectively modify its biophysical properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74523. [PMID: 24058583 PMCID: PMC3776819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1) is a metamorphic protein that changes from a soluble cytoplasmic protein into a transmembrane protein. Once inserted into membranes, CLIC1 multimerises and is able to form chloride selective ion channels. Whilst CLIC1 behaves as an ion channel both in cells and in artificial lipid bilayers, its structure in the soluble form has led to some uncertainty as to whether it really is an ion channel protein. CLIC1 has a single putative transmembrane region that contains only two charged residues: arginine 29 (Arg29) and lysine 37 (Lys37). As charged residues are likely to have a key role in ion channel function, we hypothesized that mutating them to neutral alanine to generate K37A and R29A CLIC1 would alter the electrophysiological characteristics of CLIC1. By using three different electrophysiological approaches: i) single channel Tip-Dip in artificial bilayers using soluble recombinant CLIC1, ii) cell-attached and iii) whole-cell patch clamp recordings in transiently transfected HEK cells, we determined that the K37A mutation altered the single-channel conductance while the R29A mutation affected the single-channel open probability in response to variation in membrane potential. Our results show that mutation of the two charged amino acids (K37 and R29) in the putative transmembrane region of CLIC1 alters the biophysical properties of the ion channel in both artificial bilayers and cells. Hence these charged residues are directly involved in regulating its ion channel activity. This strongly suggests that, despite its unusual structure, CLIC1 itself is able to form a chloride ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Averaimo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosella Abeti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Savalli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Louise J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M. G. Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Computational analysis of the soluble form of the intracellular chloride ion channel protein CLIC1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:170586. [PMID: 24089665 PMCID: PMC3780514 DOI: 10.1155/2013/170586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family of proteins has the remarkable property of maintaining both a soluble form and an integral membrane form acting as an ion channel. The soluble form is structurally related to the glutathione-S-transferase family, and CLIC can covalently bind glutathione via an active site cysteine. We report approximately 0.6 μs of molecular dynamics simulations, encompassing the three possible ligand-bound states of CLIC1, using the structure of GSH-bound human CLIC1. Noncovalently bound GSH was rapidly released from the protein, whereas the covalently ligand-bound protein remained close to the starting structure over 0.25 μs of simulation. In the unliganded state, conformational changes in the vicinity of the glutathione-binding site resulted in reduced reactivity of the active site thiol. Elastic network analysis indicated that the changes in the unliganded state are intrinsic to the protein architecture and likely represent functional transitions. Overall, our results are consistent with a model of CLIC function in which covalent binding of glutathione does not occur spontaneously but requires interaction with another protein to stabilise the GSH binding site and/or transfer of the ligand. The results do not indicate how CLIC1 undergoes a radical conformational change to form a transmembrane chloride channel but further elucidate the mechanism by which CLICs are redox controlled.
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Jiang L, Phang JM, Yu J, Harrop SJ, Sokolova AV, Duff AP, Wilk KE, Alkhamici H, Breit SN, Valenzuela SM, Brown LJ, Curmi PMG. CLIC proteins, ezrin, radixin, moesin and the coupling of membranes to the actin cytoskeleton: a smoking gun? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:643-57. [PMID: 23732235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CLIC proteins are a highly conserved family of metazoan proteins with the unusual ability to adopt both soluble and integral membrane forms. The physiological functions of CLIC proteins may include enzymatic activity in the soluble form and anion channel activity in the integral membrane form. CLIC proteins are associated with the ERM proteins: ezrin, radixin and moesin. ERM proteins act as cross-linkers between membranes and the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Both CLIC and ERM proteins are controlled by Rho family small GTPases. CLIC proteins, ERM and Rho GTPases act in a concerted manner to control active membrane processes including the maintenance of microvillar structures, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. All of these processes involve the interaction of membranes with the underlying cortical actin cytoskeleton. The relationships between Rho GTPases, CLIC proteins, ERM proteins and the membrane:actin cytoskeleton interface are reviewed. Speculative models are proposed involving the formation of localised multi-protein complexes on the membrane surface that assemble via multiple weak interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jiang
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Juanita M Phang
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiang Yu
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Harrop
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna V Sokolova
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony P Duff
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Krystyna E Wilk
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Heba Alkhamici
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Louise J Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Regulation of the membrane insertion and conductance activity of the metamorphic chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC1 by cholesterol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56948. [PMID: 23457643 PMCID: PMC3572944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chloride Intracellular ion channel protein CLIC1 has the ability to spontaneously insert into lipid membranes from a soluble, globular state. The precise mechanism of how this occurs and what regulates this insertion is still largely unknown, although factors such as pH and redox environment are known contributors. In the current study, we demonstrate that the presence and concentration of cholesterol in the membrane regulates the spontaneous insertion of CLIC1 into the membrane as well as its ion channel activity. The study employed pressure versus area change measurements of Langmuir lipid monolayer films; and impedance spectroscopy measurements using tethered bilayer membranes to monitor membrane conductance during and following the addition of CLIC1 protein. The observed cholesterol dependent behaviour of CLIC1 is highly reminiscent of the cholesterol-dependent-cytolysin family of bacterial pore-forming proteins, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for spontaneous protein insertion into the membrane bilayer.
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Jiang L, Salao K, Li H, Rybicka JM, Yates RM, Luo XW, Shi XX, Kuffner T, Tsai VWW, Husaini Y, Wu L, Brown DA, Grewal T, Brown LJ, Curmi PMG, Breit SN. Intracellular chloride channel protein CLIC1 regulates macrophage function through modulation of phagosomal acidification. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5479-88. [PMID: 22956539 PMCID: PMC3561857 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular chloride channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is a 241 amino acid protein of the glutathione S transferase fold family with redox- and pH-dependent membrane association and chloride ion channel activity. Whilst CLIC proteins are evolutionarily conserved in Metazoa, indicating an important role, little is known about their biology. CLIC1 was first cloned on the basis of increased expression in activated macrophages. We therefore examined its subcellular localisation in murine peritoneal macrophages by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In resting cells, CLIC1 is observed in punctate cytoplasmic structures that do not colocalise with markers for endosomes or secretory vesicles. However, when these macrophages phagocytose serum-opsonised zymosan, CLIC1 translocates onto the phagosomal membrane. Macrophages from CLIC1(-/-) mice display a defect in phagosome acidification as determined by imaging live cells phagocytosing zymosan tagged with the pH-sensitive fluorophore Oregon Green. This altered phagosomal acidification was not accompanied by a detectable impairment in phagosomal-lysosomal fusion. However, consistent with a defect in acidification, CLIC1(-/-) macrophages also displayed impaired phagosomal proteolytic capacity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Further, CLIC1(-/-) mice were protected from development of serum transfer induced K/BxN arthritis. These data all point to an important role for CLIC1 in regulating macrophage function through its ion channel activity and suggest it is a suitable target for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jiang
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kanin Salao
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna M. Rybicka
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M. Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xu Wei Luo
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xin Xin Shi
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tamara Kuffner
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yasmin Husaini
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Liyun Wu
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David A. Brown
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louise J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul M. G. Curmi
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Legg-E’Silva D, Achilonu I, Fanucchi S, Stoychev S, Fernandes M, Dirr HW. Role of Arginine 29 and Glutamic Acid 81 Interactions in the Conformational Stability of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel 1. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7854-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bi300874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derryn Legg-E’Silva
- Protein Structure−Function
Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure−Function
Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
| | - Sylvia Fanucchi
- Protein Structure−Function
Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
| | - Stoyan Stoychev
- Protein Structure−Function
Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
| | - Manuel Fernandes
- School of
Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
| | - Heini W. Dirr
- Protein Structure−Function
Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050,
South Africa
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Inducible NOS-induced chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) nuclear translocation regulates macrophage deactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6130-5. [PMID: 22474389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201351109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of cytosolic CLIC4 is an essential feature of its proapoptotic and prodifferentiation functions. Here we demonstrate that CLIC4 is induced concurrently with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and S-nitrosylated in proinflammatory peritoneal macrophages. Chemical inhibition or genetic ablation of iNOS inhibits S-nitrosylation and nuclear translocation of CLIC4. In macrophages, iNOS-induced nuclear CLIC4 coincides with the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition of the cells because IL-1β and CXCL1 mRNA remain elevated in CLIC4 and iNOS knockout macrophages at late time points, whereas TNFα mRNA is elevated only in the iNOS knockout macrophages. Active IL-1β remains elevated in CLIC4 knockout macrophages and in macrophages in which CLIC4 nuclear translocation is prevented by the NOS inhibitor l-NAME. Moreover, overexpression of nuclear-targeted CLIC4 down-regulates IL-1β in stimulated macrophages. In mice, genetically null for CLIC4, the number of phagocytosing macrophages stimulated by LPS is reduced. Thus, iNOS-induced nuclear CLIC4 is an essential part of the macrophage deactivation program.
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