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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Queathem ED, Fitzgerald M, Welly R, Rowles CC, Schaller K, Bukhary S, Baines CP, Rector RS, Padilla J, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ. Suppression of estrogen receptor beta classical genomic activity enhances systemic and adipose-specific response to chronic beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) stimulation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920675. [PMID: 36213237 PMCID: PMC9534559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction independently predicts cardiometabolic disease, yet there is a lack of effective adipocyte-targeting therapeutics. B3AR agonists enhance adipocyte mitochondrial function and hold potential in this regard. Based on enhanced sensitivity to B3AR-mediated browning in estrogen receptor (ER)alpha-null mice, we hypothesized that ERβ may enhance the WAT response to the B3AR ligand, CL316,243 (CL). Methods: Male and female wild-type (WT) and ERβ DNA binding domain knock-out (ERβDBDKO) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were administered CL (1 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks. Systemic physiological assessments of body composition (EchoMRI), bioenergetics (metabolic chambers), adipocyte mitochondrial respiration (oroboros) and glucose tolerance were performed, alongside perigonadal (PGAT), subcutaneous (SQAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) protein expression assessment (Western blot). Mechanisms were tested in vitro using primary adipocytes isolated from WT mice, and from Esr2-floxed mice in which ERβ was knocked down. Statistical analyses were performed using 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for main effects of genotype (G) and treatment (T), as well as GxT interactions; t-tests were used to determine differences between in vitro treatment conditions (SPSS V24). Results: There were no genotype differences in HFD-induced obesity or systemic rescue effects of CL, yet ERβDBDKO females were more sensitive to CL-induced increases in energy expenditure and WAT UCP1 induction (GxT, p < 0.05), which coincided with greater WAT B3AR protein content among the KO (G, p < 0.05). Among males, who were more insulin resistant to begin with (no genotype differences before treatment), tended to be more sensitive to CL-mediated reduction in insulin resistance. With sexes combined, basal WAT mitochondrial respiration trended toward being lower in the ERβDBDKO mice, but this was completely rescued by CL (p < 0.05). Confirming prior work, CL increased adipose tissue ERβ protein (T, p < 0.05, all), an effect that was enhanced in WAT and BAT the female KO (GxT, p < 0.01). In vitro experiments indicated that an inhibitor of ERβ genomic function (PHTPP) synergized with CL to further increase UCP1 mRNA (p = 0.043), whereas full ERβ protein was required for UCP1 expression (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Full ERβ activity appears requisite and stimulatory for UCP1 expression via a mechanism involving non-classical ERβ signaling. This novel discovery about the role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolism may have important clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Queathem
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Maggie Fitzgerald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Candace C. Rowles
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kylie Schaller
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shahad Bukhary
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Truman VA Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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3
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Baldeiras I, Burgeiro A, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Mitochondrial respiration in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue of diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:169-184. [PMID: 35904484 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) has a phenotype resembling brown AT. Dysfunctional tPVAT appears to be linked to vascular dysfunction. Methods We evaluated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression by Western blot, oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant capacity by HPLC and spectrophotometry, and mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) in tPVAT, compared to inguinal white AT (iWAT), obtained from non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) mice. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by HRR using protocol 1: complex I and II oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and protocol 2: fatty acid oxidation (FAO) OXPHOS. OXPHOS capacity in tPVAT was also evaluated after UCP1 inhibition by guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Results UCP1 expression was higher in tPVAT when compared with iWAT in both NDM and STZ-DM mice. The malondialdehyde concentration was elevated in tPVAT from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione levels, were not different between tPVAT from NDM and STZ-DM mice but were lower compared to iWAT of STZ-DM mice. OXPHOS capacity of tPVAT was significantly decreased after UCP1 inhibition by GDP in protocol 1. While there were no differences in the OXPHOS capacity between NDM and STZ-DM mice in protocol 1, it was increased in STZ-DM compared to NDM mice in protocol 2. Moreover, complex II- and FAO-linked respiration were elevated in STZ-DM mice under UCP1 inhibition. Conclusions Pharmacological therapies could be targeted to modulate UCP1 activity with a significant impact in the uncoupling of mitochondrial bioenergetics in tPVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emelindo C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pettit-Mee RJ, Power G, Cabral-Amador FJ, Ramirez-Perez FI, Nogueira Soares R, Sharma N, Liu Y, Christou DD, Kanaley JA, Martinez-Lemus LA, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Padilla J. Endothelial HSP72 is not reduced in type 2 diabetes nor is it a key determinant of endothelial insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R43-R58. [PMID: 35470695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired endothelial insulin signaling and consequent blunting of insulin-induced vasodilation is a feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that contributes to vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial insulin resistance remain poorly known. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin resistance in T2D is attributed to reduced expression of heat shock protein 72(HSP72). HSP72 is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that can be upregulated with heating and is reported to promote insulin sensitivity in metabolically active tissues, in part via inhibition of JNK activity. Accordingly, we further hypothesized that, in T2D individuals, seven days of passive heat treatment via hot water immersion to waist-level would improve leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load (i.e., endogenous insulin stimulation) via induction of endothelial HSP72. In contrast, we found that: 1) endothelial insulin resistance in T2D mice and humans was not associated with reduced HSP72 in aortas and venous endothelial cells, respectively; 2) after passive heat treatment, improved leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load did not parallel with increased endothelial HSP72; 3) downregulation of HSP72 (via small-interfering RNA) or upregulation of HSP72 (via heating) in cultured endothelial cells did not impair or enhance insulin signaling, respectively, nor was JNK activity altered. Collectively, these findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced HSP72 is a key driver of endothelial insulin resistance in T2D but provide novel evidence that lower-body heating may be an effective strategy for improving leg blood flow responses to glucose ingestion-induced hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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White Adipose Tissue Depots Respond to Chronic Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Activation in a Sexually Dimorphic and Depot Divergent Manner. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123453. [PMID: 34943961 PMCID: PMC8700379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor activation via exercise or CL316,243 (CL) induces white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces visceral adiposity. Our aim was to determine if sex or adipose tissue depot differences exist in response to CL. Daily CL injections were administered to diet-induced obese male and female mice for two weeks, creating four groups: male control, male CL, female control, and female CL. These groups were compared to determine the main and interaction effects of sex (S), CL treatment (T), and WAT depot (D). Glucose tolerance, body composition, and energy intake and expenditure were assessed, along with perigonadal (PGAT) and subcutaneous (SQAT) WAT gene and protein expression. CL consistently improved glucose tolerance and body composition. Female PGAT had greater protein expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), while SQAT (S, p < 0.001) was more responsive to CL in increasing UCP1 (S×T, p = 0.011) and the mitochondrial biogenesis induction protein, PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) (S×T, p = 0.026). Females also displayed greater mitochondrial OXPHOS (S, p < 0.05) and adiponectin protein content (S, p < 0.05). On the other hand, male SQAT was more responsive to CL in increasing protein levels of PGC1α (S×T, p = 0.046) and adiponectin (S, p < 0.05). In both depots and in both sexes, CL significantly increased estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and glucose-related protein 75 (GRP75) protein content (T, p < 0.05). Thus, CL improves systemic and adipose tissue-specific metabolism in both sexes; however, sex differences exist in the WAT-specific effects of CL. Furthermore, across sexes and depots, CL affects estrogen signaling by upregulating ERβ.
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Aboouf MA, Armbruster J, Thiersch M, Gassmann M, Gödecke A, Gnaiger E, Kristiansen G, Bicker A, Hankeln T, Zhu H, Gorr TA. Myoglobin, expressed in brown adipose tissue of mice, regulates the content and activity of mitochondria and lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159026. [PMID: 34384891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel physiological regulators that stimulate energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in substrate catalysis is of utmost importance to understand and treat metabolic diseases. Myoglobin (MB), known to store or transport oxygen in heart and skeletal muscles, has recently been found to bind fatty acids with physiological constants in its oxygenated form (i.e., MBO2). Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of MB expression on BAT activity. In particular, we studied mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism as essential determinants of energy expenditure in this tissue. We show in a MB-null (MBko) mouse model that MB expression in BAT impacts on the activity of brown adipocytes in a twofold manner: i) by elevating mitochondrial density plus maximal respiration capacity, and through that, by stimulating BAT oxidative metabolism along with the organelles` uncoupled respiration; and ii) by influencing the free fatty acids pool towards a palmitate-enriched composition and shifting the lipid droplet (LD) equilibrium towards higher counts of smaller droplets. These metabolic changes were accompanied by the up-regulated expression of thermogenesis markers UCP1, CIDEA, CIDEC, PGC1-α and PPAR-α in the BAT of MB wildtype (MBwt) mice. Along with the emergence of the "browning" BAT morphology, MBwt mice exhibited a leaner phenotype when compared to MBko littermates at 20 weeks of age. Our data shed novel insights into MB's role in linking oxygen and lipid-based thermogenic metabolism. The findings suggest potential new strategies of targeting the MB pathway to treat metabolic disorders related to diminishing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology (A.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66/6, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Bicker
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Clart LM, Welly RJ, Queathem ED, Rector RS, Padilla J, Baines CP, Kanaley JA, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ. Role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolic response to wheel running following ovariectomy. J Endocrinol 2021; 249:223-237. [PMID: 33877054 PMCID: PMC8713017 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERb), one of the two major estrogen receptors, acts via genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways to affect many metabolic functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study assessed the effect of ERb classical genomic activity on adipocyte-specific and -systemic metabolic responses to wheel running exercise in a rodent model of menopause. Female mice lacking the ERb DNA-binding domain (ERbDBDKO, n = 20) and WT (n = 21) littermate controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ovariectomized (OVX), and randomized to control (no running wheel) and exercise (running wheel access) groups and were followed for 8 weeks. Wheel running did not confer protection against metabolic dysfunction associated with HFD+OVX in either ERbDBDKO or WT mice, despite increased energy expenditure. Unexpectedly, in the ERbDBDKO group, wheel running increased fasting insulin and surrogate measures of insulin resistance, and modestly increased adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression (P ≤ 0.05). These changes were not accompanied by significant changes in adipocyte mitochondrial respiration. It was demonstrated for the first time that female WT OVX mice do experience exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue, indicated by a robust increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (P ≤ 0.05). However, KO mice were completely resistant to this effect, indicating that full ERb genomic activity is required for exercise-induced browning. The inability to upregulate UCP1 with exercise following OVX may have resulted in the increased insulin resistance observed in KO mice, a hypothesis requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Clart
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric D Queathem
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Service, Truman VA Memorial Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri System System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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8
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Limberg JK, Soares RN, Power G, Harper JL, Smith JA, Shariffi B, Jacob DW, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J. Hyperinsulinemia blunts sympathetic vasoconstriction: a possible role of β-adrenergic activation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R771-R779. [PMID: 33851554 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report in a sample of healthy young men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) that hyperinsulinemia induces time-dependent decreases in total peripheral resistance and its contribution to the maintenance of blood pressure. In the same participants, we observe profound vasodilatory effects of insulin in the lower limb despite concomitant activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We hypothesized that this prominent peripheral vasodilation is possibly due to the ability of the leg vasculature to escape sympathetic vasoconstriction during systemic insulin stimulation. Consistent with this notion, we demonstrate in a subset of healthy men (n = 9) and women (n = 7) that systemic infusion of insulin blunts sympathetically mediated leg vasoconstriction evoked by a cold pressor test, a well-established sympathoexcitatory stimulus. Further substantiating this observation, we show in mouse aortic rings that insulin exposure suppresses epinephrine and norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Notably, we found that such insulin-suppressing effects on catecholamine-induced constriction are diminished following β-adrenergic receptor blockade. In accordance, we also reveal that insulin augments β-adrenergic-mediated vasorelaxation in isolated arteries. Collectively, these findings support the idea that sympathetic vasoconstriction can be attenuated during systemic hyperinsulinemia in the leg vasculature of both men and women and that this phenomenon may be in part mediated by potentiation of β-adrenergic vasodilation neutralizing α-adrenergic vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rogerio N Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gavin Power
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer L Harper
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James A Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Brian Shariffi
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dain W Jacob
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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9
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Limberg JK, Smith JA, Soares RN, Harper JL, Houghton KN, Jacob DW, Mozer MT, Grunewald ZI, Johnson BD, Curry TB, Baynard T, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J. Sympathetically mediated increases in cardiac output, not restraint of peripheral vasodilation, contribute to blood pressure maintenance during hyperinsulinemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H162-H170. [PMID: 32502373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vasodilatory effects of insulin support the delivery of insulin and glucose to skeletal muscle. Concurrently, insulin exerts central effects that increase sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA), which is required for the acute maintenance of blood pressure (BP). Indeed, in a cohort of young healthy adults, herein we show that intravenous infusion of insulin increases muscle SNA while BP is maintained. We next tested the hypothesis that sympathoexcitation evoked by hyperinsulinemia restrains insulin-stimulated peripheral vasodilation and contributes to sustaining BP. To address this, a separate cohort of participants were subjected to 5-s pulses of neck suction (NS) to simulate carotid hypertension and elicit a reflex-mediated reduction in SNA. NS was conducted before and 60 min following intravenous infusion of insulin. Insulin infusion caused an increase in leg vascular conductance and cardiac output (CO; P < 0.050), with maintenance of BP (P = 0.540). As expected, following NS, decreases in BP were greater in the presence of hyperinsulinemia compared with control (P = 0.045). However, the effect of NS on leg vascular conductance did not differ between insulin and control conditions (P = 0.898). Instead, the greater decreases in BP following NS in the setting of insulin infusion paralleled with greater decreases in CO (P = 0.009). These findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, SNA-mediated increase in CO, rather than restraint of leg vascular conductance, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of BP. Demonstration in isolated arteries that insulin suppresses α-adrenergic vasoconstriction suggests that the observed lack of restraint of leg vascular conductance may be attributed to sympatholytic actions of insulin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the role of sympathetic activation in restraining vasodilatory responses to hyperinsulinemia and sustaining blood pressure in healthy adults. Data are reported from two separate experimental protocols in humans and one experimental protocol in isolated arteries from mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, the present findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, a sympathetically mediated increase in cardiac output, rather than restraint of peripheral vasodilation, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of systemic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James A Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rogerio N Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer L Harper
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Keeley N Houghton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dain W Jacob
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael T Mozer
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Timothy B Curry
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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10
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Grunewald ZI, Jurrissen TJ, Woodford ML, Ramirez-Perez FI, Park LK, Pettit-Mee R, Ghiarone T, Brown SM, Morales-Quinones M, Ball JR, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Aroor AR, Fadel PJ, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL, Bender SB, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Chronic Elevation of Endothelin-1 Alone May Not Be Sufficient to Impair Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation. Hypertension 2019; 74:1409-1419. [PMID: 31630572 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide considered to be causally implicated in hypertension and the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased ET-1 is commonly associated with reduced NO bioavailability and impaired vascular function; however, whether chronic elevation of ET-1 directly impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) remains elusive. Herein, we report that (1) prolonged ET-1 exposure (ie, 48 hours) of naive mouse aortas or cultured endothelial cells did not impair EDR or reduce eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activity, respectively (P>0.05); (2) mice with endothelial cell-specific ET-1 overexpression did not exhibit impaired EDR or reduced eNOS activity (P>0.05); (3) chronic (8 weeks) pharmacological blockade of ET-1 receptors in obese/hyperlipidemic mice did not improve aortic EDR or increase eNOS activity (P>0.05); and (4) vascular and plasma ET-1 did not inversely correlate with EDR in resistance arteries isolated from human subjects with a wide range of ET-1 levels (r=0.0037 and r=-0.1258, respectively). Furthermore, we report that prolonged ET-1 exposure downregulated vascular UCP-1 (uncoupling protein-1; P<0.05), which may contribute to the preservation of EDR in conditions characterized by hyperendothelinemia. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that chronic elevation of ET-1 alone may not be sufficient to impair EDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Grunewald
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Lauren K Park
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Ryan Pettit-Mee
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Scott M Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.M.B., S.B.B.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (S.M.B., A.R.A., S.B.B.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Mariana Morales-Quinones
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - James R Ball
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | | | - Annayya R Aroor
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (S.M.B., A.R.A., S.B.B.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington (P.J.F.)
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital (E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.M.B., S.B.B.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (S.M.B., A.R.A., S.B.B.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Jaume Padilla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., L.K.P., R.P.-M., J.R.B., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., T.J.J., M.L.W., F.I.R.-P., L.K.P., R.P.-M., T.G., M.M.-Q., S.B.B., L.A.M.-L., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
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11
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Winn NC, Acin-Perez R, Woodford ML, Hansen SA, Haney MM, Ayedun LA, Rector RS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Shirihai OS, Sacks HS, Kanaley JA, Padilla J. A Thermogenic-Like Brown Adipose Tissue Phenotype Is Dispensable for Enhanced Glucose Tolerance in Female Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1717-1729. [PMID: 30862679 PMCID: PMC6702635 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. Determination of whether modulation of the BAT morphology/function drives changes in glucoregulation at thermoneutrality requires further investigation. We used loss- and gain-of-function approaches including genetic manipulation of the lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2, change in environmental temperature, and lifestyle interventions to comprehensively test the premise that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is coupled with enhanced glucose tolerance in female mice. In contrast to this hypothesis, we found that 1) compared to mice living at thermoneutrality, enhanced activation of BAT and its thermogenic phenotype via chronic mild cold stress does not improve glucose tolerance in obese mice, 2) silencing of the Pnpla2 in interscapular BAT causes a brown-to-white phenotypic shift accompanied with inflammation but does not disrupt glucose tolerance in lean mice, and 3) exercise and low-fat diet improve glucose tolerance in obese mice but these effects do not track with a thermogenic BAT phenotype. Collectively, these findings indicate that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is not linked to heightened glucose tolerance in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Megan M Haney
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lolade A Ayedun
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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12
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Jurrissen TJ, Grunewald ZI, Woodford ML, Winn NC, Ball JR, Smith TN, Wheeler AA, Rawlings AL, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Ji Y, Fay WP, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL, Vieira-Potter VJ, Fadel PJ, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Overproduction of endothelin-1 impairs glucose tolerance but does not promote visceral adipose tissue inflammation or limit metabolic adaptations to exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E548-E558. [PMID: 31310581 PMCID: PMC6766607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00178.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide that is upregulated in obesity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ET-1 signaling promotes visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and disrupts glucose homeostasis. We also tested if reduced ET-1 is a required mechanism by which exercise ameliorates AT inflammation and improves glycemic control in obesity. We found that 1) diet-induced obesity, AT inflammation, and glycemic dysregulation were not accompanied by significantly increased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in wild-type mice and that endothelial overexpression of ET-1 and consequently increased ET-1 levels did not cause AT inflammation yet impaired glucose tolerance; 2) reduced AT inflammation and improved glucose tolerance with voluntary wheel running was not associated with decreased levels of ET-1 in AT or circulation in obese mice nor did endothelial overexpression of ET-1 impede such exercise-induced metabolic adaptations; 3) chronic pharmacological blockade of ET-1 receptors did not suppress AT inflammation in obese mice but improved glucose tolerance; and 4) in a cohort of human subjects with a wide range of body mass indexes, ET-1 levels in AT, or circulation were not correlated with markers of inflammation in AT. In aggregate, we conclude that ET-1 signaling is not implicated in the development of visceral AT inflammation but promotes glucose intolerance, thus representing an important therapeutic target for glycemic dysregulation in conditions characterized by hyperendothelinemia. Furthermore, we show that the salutary effects of exercise on AT and systemic metabolic function are not contingent on the suppression of ET-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Ball
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas N Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew A Wheeler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Yan Ji
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - William P Fay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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13
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Winn NC, Jurrissen TJ, Grunewald ZI, Cunningham RP, Woodford ML, Kanaley JA, Lubahn DB, Manrique-Acevedo C, Rector RS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Padilla J. Estrogen receptor-α signaling maintains immunometabolic function in males and is obligatory for exercise-induced amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E156-E167. [PMID: 30512987 PMCID: PMC6397364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00259.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) signaling in immunometabolic function is established in females. However, its necessity in males, while appreciated, requires further study. Accordingly, we first determined whether lower metabolic function in male mice compared with females is related to reduced ERα expression. ERα protein expression in metabolically active tissues was lower in males than in females, and this lower expression was associated with worse glucose tolerance. Second, we determined whether ERα is required for optimal immunometabolic function in male mice consuming a chow diet. Despite lower expression of ERα in males, its genetic ablation (KO) caused an insulin-resistant phenotype characterized by enhanced adiposity, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and metaflammation in adipose tissue and liver. Last, we determined whether ERα is essential for exercise-induced metabolic adaptations. Twelve-week-old wild-type (WT) and ERα KO mice either remained sedentary (SED) or were given access to running wheels (WR) for 10 wk while fed an obesogenic diet. Body weight and fat mass were lower in WR mice regardless of genotype. Daily exercise obliterated immune cell infiltration and inflammatory gene transcripts in adipose tissue in both genotypes. In the liver, however, wheel running suppressed hepatic steatosis and inflammatory gene transcripts in WT but not in KO mice. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that ERα is required for optimal immunometabolic function in male mice despite their reduced ERα protein expression in metabolically active tissues. Furthermore, for the first time, we show that ERα signaling appears to be obligatory for exercise-induced prevention of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Hospital, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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14
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Wang H, Willershäuser M, Karlas A, Gorpas D, Reber J, Ntziachristos V, Maurer S, Fromme T, Li Y, Klingenspor M. A dual Ucp1 reporter mouse model for imaging and quantitation of brown and brite fat recruitment. Mol Metab 2019; 20:14-27. [PMID: 30580967 PMCID: PMC6358570 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates nutritional energy as heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The discovery of functional BAT in healthy adult humans has promoted the search for pharmacological interventions to recruit and activate brown fat as a treatment of obesity and diabetes type II. These efforts require in vivo models to compare the efficacy of novel compounds in a relevant physiological context. METHODS We generated a knock-in mouse line expressing firefly luciferase and near-infrared red florescent protein (iRFP713) driven by the regulatory elements of the endogenous Ucp1 gene. RESULTS Our detailed characterization revealed that firefly luciferase activity faithfully reports endogenous Ucp1 gene expression in response to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. The iRFP713 fluorescence signal was detected in the interscapular BAT region of cold-exposed reporter mice in an allele-dosage dependent manner. Using this reporter mouse model, we detected a higher browning capacity in female peri-ovarian white adipose tissue compared to male epididymal WAT, which we further corroborated by molecular and morphological features. In situ imaging detected a strong luciferase activity signal in a previously unappreciated adipose tissue depot adjunct to the femoral muscle, now adopted as femoral brown adipose tissue. In addition, screening cultured adipocytes by bioluminescence imaging identified the selective Salt-Inducible Kinase inhibitor, HG-9-91-01, to increase Ucp1 gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in brown and brite adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS In our mouse model, firefly luciferase activity serves as a bona fide reporter for dynamic regulation of Ucp1. In addition, by means of iRFP713 we are able to monitor Ucp1 expression in a non-invasive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Monja Willershäuser
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Troger Str. 9, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair for Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Troger Str. 9, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair for Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Troger Str. 9, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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15
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Clookey SL, Welly RJ, Zidon TM, Gastecki ML, Woodford ML, Grunewald ZI, Winn NC, Eaton D, Karasseva NG, Sacks HS, Padilla J, Vieira-Potter VJ. Increased susceptibility to OVX-associated metabolic dysfunction in UCP1-null mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:107-120. [PMID: 30089681 PMCID: PMC7340174 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Premenopausal females are protected against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, until loss of ovarian hormone production (e.g., menopause). There is some evidence that females have greater brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity. Because BAT mass correlates inversely with insulin resistance, we hypothesized that increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression contributes to the superior metabolic health of females. Given that UCP1 transiently increases in BAT following ovariectomy (OVX), we hypothesized that UCP1 may 'buffer' OVX-mediated metabolic dysfunction. Accordingly, female UCP1-knockout (KO) and WT mice received OVX or sham (SHM) surgeries at 12 weeks of age creating four groups (n = 10/group), which were followed for 14 weeks and compared for body weight and adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity (metabolic chambers), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ADIPO-IR and glucose tolerance testing) and adipose tissue phenotype (histology, gene and protein expression). Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the main effects of genotype (G), OVX treatment (O) and genotype by treatment (GxO) interactions, which were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. UCP1KO mice experienced a more adverse metabolic response to OVX than WT. Whereas OVX-induced weight gain was not synergistically greater for KO compared to WT (GxO, NS), OVX-induced insulin resistance was significantly exacerbated in KO compared to WT (GxO for HOMA-IR, P < 0.05). These results suggest UCP1 is protective against metabolic dysfunction associated with loss of ovarian hormones and support the need for more research into therapeutics to selectively target UCP1 for prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction following ovarian hormone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Clookey
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Terese M. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Michelle L. Gastecki
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Makenzie L. Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Zachary I. Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
| | | | | | - Harold S. Sacks
- Endocrine and Diabetes Division, Veterans Greater Los
Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University
of Missouri, Columbia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of
Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri,
Columbia, MO
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16
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Maekawa R, Ogata H, Murase M, Harada N, Suzuki K, Joo E, Sankoda A, Iida A, Izumoto T, Tsunekawa S, Hamada Y, Oiso Y, Inagaki N, Arima H, Hayashi Y, Seino Y. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is required for moderate high-fat diet- but not high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight gain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E572-E583. [PMID: 29406782 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00352.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Both high-fat (HFD) and high-carbohydrate (ST) diets are known to induce weight gain. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted mainly from intestinal K cells upon stimuli by nutrients such as fat and glucose, and it potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion. GIP is well known to contribute to HFD-induced obesity. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ST feeding on GIP secretion and metabolic parameters to explore the role of GIP in ST-induced weight gain. Both wild-type (WT) and GIP receptor deficient ( GiprKO) mice were fed normal chow (NC), ST, or moderate (m)HFD for 22 wk. Body weight was measured, and then glucose tolerance tests were performed. Insulin secretion from isolated islets also was analyzed. WT mice fed ST or mHFD displayed weight gain concomitant with increased plasma GIP levels compared with WT mice fed NC. WT mice fed mHFD showed improved glucose tolerance due to enhanced insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance tests compared with WT mice fed NC or ST. GiprKO mice fed mHFD did not display weight gain. On the other hand, GiprKO mice fed ST showed weight gain and did not display obvious glucose intolerance. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was enhanced during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests and from isolated islets in both WT and GiprKO mice fed ST compared with those fed NC. In conclusion, enhanced GIP secretion induced by mHFD-feeding contributes to increased insulin secretion and body weight gain, whereas GIP is marginally involved in weight gain induced by ST-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Maekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hidetada Ogata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murase
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazuyo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Erina Joo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akiko Sankoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Atsushi Iida
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takako Izumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
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17
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Grunewald ZI, Winn NC, Gastecki ML, Woodford ML, Ball JR, Hansen SA, Sacks HS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Padilla J. Removal of interscapular brown adipose tissue increases aortic stiffness despite normal systemic glucose metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R584-R597. [PMID: 29351429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00332.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is considered protective against obesity and related cardiometabolic dysfunction. Indeed, activation of BAT improves glucose homeostasis and attenuates cardiovascular disease development. However, whether a reduction in BAT mass perturbs metabolic function and increases risk for cardiovascular disease remains largely unknown. To address this question, C57BL/6J male mice underwent a sham procedure or surgical bilateral excision of interscapular BAT (iBATx) and were fed a normal chow or a Western diet for 18 wk, creating four groups ( n = 10/group). Mice were housed at 25°C. As expected, the Western diet increased final body weight and adiposity; however, contrary to our hypothesis, iBATx did not potentiate adiposity independent of diet. Furthermore, iBATx did not affect indexes of glycemic control (HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, and glucose area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test) and produced minimal-to-no effects on lipid homeostasis. The absence of metabolic disturbances with iBATx was not attributed to regrowth of iBAT or a "browning" or proliferative compensatory response of other BAT depots. Notably, iBATx caused an increase in aortic stiffness in normal chow-fed mice only, which was associated with an increase in aortic uncoupling protein-1. Collectively, we demonstrated that, at 25°C (i.e., limited thermal stress conditions), a substantial reduction in BAT mass via iBATx does not disrupt systemic glucose metabolism, challenging the current dogma that preservation of BAT is obligatory for optimal metabolic function. However, iBATx caused aortic stiffening in lean mice, hence supporting the existence of an interplay between iBAT and aortic stiffness, independent of alterations in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michelle L Gastecki
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Ball
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Endocrine and Diabetes Division, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Child Health, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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