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Niu F, Liu W, Ren Y, Tian Y, Shi W, Li M, Li Y, Xiong Y, Qian L. β-cell neogenesis: A rising star to rescue diabetes mellitus. J Adv Res 2024; 62:71-89. [PMID: 37839502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, is caused by various degrees of insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia. The loss and failure of functional β-cells are key mechanisms resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM OF REVIEW Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure, and exploring approaches for β-cell neogenesis to reverse β-cell dysfunction may provide novel strategies for DM therapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Emerging studies reveal that genetic susceptibility, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, islet inflammation, and protein modification linked to multiple signaling pathways contribute to DM pathogenesis. Over the past few years, replenishing functional β-cell by β-cell neogenesis to restore the number and function of pancreatic β-cells has remarkably exhibited a promising therapeutic approach for DM therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure in DM, highlight the effective approaches for β-cell neogenesis, as well as discuss the current clinical and preclinical agents research advances of β-cell neogenesis. Insights into the challenges of translating β-cell neogenesis into clinical application for DM treatment are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Niu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhen Shi
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Medical Research Center, the affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hu A, Zou H, Chen B, Zhong J. Posttranslational modifications in diabetes: Mechanisms and functions. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1011-1033. [PMID: 35697961 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widespread chronic diseases, diabetes and its accompanying complications affect approximately one tenth of individuals worldwide and represent a growing cause of morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has proven that the process of diabetes is complex and interactive, involving various cellular responses and signaling cascades by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and functions of PTMs in regulatory networks has fundamental importance for understanding the prediction, onset, diagnosis, progression, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we offer a holistic summary and illustration of the crosstalk between PTMs and diabetes, including both types 1 and 2. Meanwhile, we discuss the potential use of PTMs in diabetes treatment and provide a prospective direction for deeply understanding the metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haohong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Lin H, Smith N, Spigelman AF, Suzuki K, Ferdaoussi M, Alghamdi TA, Lewandowski SL, Jin Y, Bautista A, Wang YW, Manning Fox JE, Merrins MJ, Buteau J, MacDonald PE. β-Cell Knockout of SENP1 Reduces Responses to Incretins and Worsens Oral Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:2626-2638. [PMID: 34462260 PMCID: PMC8564408 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation reduces oxidative stress and preserves islet mass at the expense of robust insulin secretion. To investigate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) following metabolic stress, we put pancreas/gut-specific SENP1 knockout (pSENP1-KO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male pSENP1-KO mice were more glucose intolerant following HFD than littermate controls but only in response to oral glucose. A similar phenotype was observed in females. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were identical in pSENP1-KO and wild-type littermates, including the HFD-induced upregulation of GIP responses. Islet mass was not different, but insulin secretion and β-cell exocytotic responses to the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (Ex4) and GIP were impaired in islets lacking SENP1. Glucagon secretion from pSENP1-KO islets was also reduced, so we generated β-cell-specific SENP1 KO mice. These phenocopied the pSENP1-KO mice with selective impairment in oral glucose tolerance following HFD, preserved islet mass expansion, and impaired β-cell exocytosis and insulin secretion to Ex4 and GIP without changes in cAMP or Ca2+ levels. Thus, β-cell SENP1 limits oral glucose intolerance following HFD by ensuring robust insulin secretion at a point downstream of incretin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nancy Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunimasa Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamadher A Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophie L Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yaxing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Wayne Wang
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jean Buteau
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Davey JS, Carmichael RE, Craig TJ. Protein SUMOylation regulates insulin secretion at multiple stages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2895. [PMID: 30814610 PMCID: PMC6393506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing public health issues of modern times, consuming 12% of worldwide health budgets and affecting an estimated 400 million people. A key pathological trait associated with this disease is the failure of normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that vesicle trafficking events such as insulin secretion are regulated by the post-translational modification, SUMOylation, and indeed SUMOylation has been proposed to act as a ‘brake’ on insulin exocytosis. Here, we show that diabetic stimuli which inhibit GSIS are correlated with an increase in cellular protein SUMOylation, and that inhibition of deSUMOylation reduces GSIS. We demonstrate that manipulation of cellular protein SUMOylation levels, by overexpression of several different components of the SUMOylation pathway, have varied and complex effects on GSIS, indicating that SUMOylation regulates this process at multiple stages. We further demonstrate that inhibition of syntaxin1A SUMOylation, via a knockdown-rescue strategy, greatly enhances GSIS. Our data are therefore consistent with the model that SUMOylation acts as a brake on GSIS, and we have identified SUMOylation of syntaxin 1 A as a potential component of this brake. However, our data also demonstrate that the role of SUMOylation in GSIS is complex and may involve many substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Davey
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Ruth E Carmichael
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tim J Craig
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Oh E, Ahn M, Afelik S, Becker TC, Roep BO, Thurmond DC. Syntaxin 4 Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells Promotes Islet Function and Protects Functional β-Cell Mass. Diabetes 2018; 67:2626-2639. [PMID: 30305365 PMCID: PMC6245223 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Syntaxin 4 (Stx4) enrichment in human and mouse islet grafts improves the success of transplants in reversing streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Toward a further understanding of this, human islets and inducible transgenic mice that selectively overexpress Stx4 in islet β-cells (βTG-Stx4) were challenged with proinflammatory stressors in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, βTG-Stx4 mice resisted the loss of β-cell mass and the glucose intolerance that multiple low doses of STZ induce. Under standard conditions, glucose tolerance was enhanced and mice maintained normal fasting glycemia and insulinemia. Conversely, Stx4 heterozygous knockout mice succumbed rapidly to STZ-induced glucose intolerance compared with their wild-type littermates. Human islet β-cells overexpressing Stx4 exhibited enhanced insulin secretory capability; resilience against proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis; and reduced expression of the CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes coordinate with decreased activation/nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB. Finding ways to boost Stx4 expression presents a novel potential therapeutic avenue for promoting islet function and preserving β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Miwon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Solomon Afelik
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Kycia I, Wolford BN, Huyghe JR, Fuchsberger C, Vadlamudi S, Kursawe R, Welch RP, Albanus RD, Uyar A, Khetan S, Lawlor N, Bolisetty M, Mathur A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ucar D, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M, Collins FS, Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML. A Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant Potentiates Activity of an Evolutionarily Conserved Islet Stretch Enhancer and Increases C2CD4A and C2CD4B Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:620-635. [PMID: 29625024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and functional genomics approaches implicate enhancer disruption in islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We applied genetic fine-mapping and functional (epi)genomic approaches to a T2D- and proinsulin-associated 15q22.2 locus to identify a most likely causal variant, determine its direction of effect, and elucidate plausible target genes. Fine-mapping and conditional analyses of proinsulin levels of 8,635 non-diabetic individuals from the METSIM study support a single association signal represented by a cluster of 16 strongly associated (p < 10-17) variants in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with the GWAS index SNP rs7172432. These variants reside in an evolutionarily and functionally conserved islet and β cell stretch or super enhancer; the most strongly associated variant (rs7163757, p = 3 × 10-19) overlaps a conserved islet open chromatin site. DNA sequence containing the rs7163757 risk allele displayed 2-fold higher enhancer activity than the non-risk allele in reporter assays (p < 0.01) and was differentially bound by β cell nuclear extract proteins. Transcription factor NFAT specifically potentiated risk-allele enhancer activity and altered patterns of nuclear protein binding to the risk allele in vitro, suggesting that it could be a factor mediating risk-allele effects. Finally, the rs7163757 proinsulin-raising and T2D risk allele (C) was associated with increased expression of C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, both of which were induced by inflammatory cytokines, in human islets. Together, these data suggest that rs7163757 contributes to genetic risk of islet dysfunction and T2D by increasing NFAT-mediated islet enhancer activity and modulating C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, expression in (patho)physiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kycia
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Romy Kursawe
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ryan P Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ricardo d'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asli Uyar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shubham Khetan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nathan Lawlor
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anubhuti Mathur
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Duygu Ucar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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He X, Lai Q, Chen C, Li N, Sun F, Huang W, Zhang S, Yu Q, Yang P, Xiong F, Chen Z, Gong Q, Ren B, Weng J, Eizirik DL, Zhou Z, Wang CY. Both conditional ablation and overexpression of E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9) in mouse pancreatic beta cells result in impaired beta cell function. Diabetologia 2018; 61:881-895. [PMID: 29299635 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Post-translational attachment of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to the lysine (K) residue(s) of target proteins (SUMOylation) is an evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanism. This modification has previously been demonstrated to be implicated in the control of a remarkably versatile regulatory mechanism of cellular processes. However, the exact regulatory role and biological actions of the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9)-mediated SUMOylation function in pancreatic beta cells has remained elusive. METHODS Inducible beta cell-specific Ubc9 (also known as Ube2i) knockout (KO; Ubc9Δbeta) and transgenic (Ubc9Tg) mice were employed to address the impact of SUMOylation on beta cell viability and functionality. Ubc9 deficiency or overexpression was induced at 8 weeks of age using tamoxifen. To study the mechanism involved, we closely examined the regulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) through SUMOylation in beta cells. RESULTS Upon induction of Ubc9 deficiency, Ubc9Δbeta islets exhibited a 3.5-fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than Ubc9f/f control islets. Islets from Ubc9Δbeta mice also had decreased insulin content and loss of beta cell mass after tamoxifen treatment. Specifically, at day 45 after Ubc9 deletion only 40% of beta cell mass remained in Ubc9Δbeta mice, while 90% of beta cell mass was lost by day 75. Diabetes onset was noted in some Ubc9Δbeta mice 8 weeks after induction of Ubc9 deficiency and all mice developed diabetes by 10 weeks following tamoxifen treatment. In contrast, Ubc9Tg beta cells displayed an increased antioxidant ability but impaired insulin secretion. Unlike Ubc9Δbeta mice, which spontaneously developed diabetes, Ubc9Tg mice preserved normal non-fasting blood glucose levels without developing diabetes. It was noted that SUMOylation of NRF2 promoted its nuclear expression along with enhanced transcriptional activity, thereby preventing ROS accumulation in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SUMOylation function is required to protect against oxidative stress in beta cells; this mechanism is, at least in part, carried out by the regulation of NRF2 activity to enhance ROS detoxification. Homeostatic SUMOylation is also likely to be essential for maintaining beta cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Lai
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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MacDonald PE. A post-translational balancing act: the good and the bad of SUMOylation in pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2018; 61:775-779. [PMID: 29330559 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins contributes to the control of cell function and survival. The balance of these in insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells is important for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Protection from the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species is required for beta cell survival, but if this happens at the expense of insulin secretory function then the ability of islets to respond to changing metabolic conditions may be compromised. In this issue of Diabetologia, He et al ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4523-9 ) show that post-translational attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target lysine residues (SUMOylation) strikes an important balance between the protection of beta cells from oxidative stress and the maintenance of insulin secretory function. They show that SUMOylation is required to stabilise nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and increase antioxidant gene expression. Decreasing SUMOylation in beta cells impairs their antioxidant capacity, causes cell death, hyperglycaemia, and increased sensitivity to streptozotocin-induced diabetes, while increasing SUMOylation is protective. However, this protection from overt diabetes occurs in concert with glucose intolerance due to impaired beta cell function. A possible role for SUMOylation as a key factor balancing beta cell protection vs beta cell responsiveness to metabolic cues is discussed in this Commentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, LKS Centre, Rm. 6-126, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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9
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Krajnak K, Dahl R. Small molecule SUMOylation activators are novel neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:405-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Protein modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can affect protein function, enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, protein targeting and cellular localization. SUMO influences the function and regulation of metabolic enzymes within pathways, and in some cases targets entire metabolic pathways by affecting the activity of transcription factors or by facilitating the translocation of entire metabolic pathways to subcellular compartments. SUMO modification is also a key component of nutrient- and metabolic-sensing mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism. In addition to its established roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, there is increasing evidence that SUMO is a key factor in facilitating cellular stress responses through the regulation and/or adaptation of the most fundamental metabolic processes, including energy and nucleotide metabolism. This review focuses on the role of SUMO in cellular metabolism and metabolic disease.
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11
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Lorenzo PI, Juárez-Vicente F, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, García-Domínguez M, Gauthier BR. The Diabetes-Linked Transcription Factor PAX4: From Gene to Functional Consequences. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030101. [PMID: 28282933 PMCID: PMC5368705 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired box 4 (PAX4) is a key factor in the generation of insulin producing β-cells during embryonic development. In adult islets, PAX4 expression is sequestered to a subset of β-cells that are prone to proliferation and more resistant to stress-induced apoptosis. The importance of this transcription factor for adequate pancreatic islets functionality has been manifested by the association of mutations in PAX4 with the development of diabetes, independently of its etiology. Overexpression of this factor in adult islets stimulates β-cell proliferation and increases their resistance to apoptosis. Additionally, in an experimental model of autoimmune diabetes, a novel immunomodulatory function for this factor has been suggested. Altogether these data pinpoint at PAX4 as an important target for novel regenerative therapies for diabetes treatment, aiming at the preservation of the remaining β-cells in parallel to the stimulation of their proliferation to replenish the β-cell mass lost during the progression of the disease. However, the adequate development of such therapies requires the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of PAX4 as well as the downstream effectors that could account for PAX4 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra I Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco Juárez-Vicente
- Cell differentiation Lab, Department of Cell Signaling and Dynamics, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Cell differentiation Lab, Department of Cell Signaling and Dynamics, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, CABIMER (Junta de Andalucía-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Calle Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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12
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Yang P, Wang CY. Sumoylation Modulates the Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:299-322. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Dai XQ, Perez PL, Soria G, Scarinci N, Smoler M, Morsucci DC, Suzuki K, Cantero MDR, Cantiello HF. External Ca 2+ regulates polycystin-2 (TRPP2) cation currents in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:50-61. [PMID: 27836810 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystin-2 (PC2, TRPP2) is a nonselective cation channel whose dysfunction is associated with the onset of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PC2 contributes to Ca2+ transport and cell signaling in renal epithelia and other tissues. Little is known however, as to the external Ca2+ regulation of PC2 channel function. In this study, we explored the effect of external Ca2+ on endogenous PC2 in wild type LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. We obtained whole cell currents at different external Ca2+ concentrations, and observed that the basal whole cell conductance in normal Ca2+(1.2mM), decreased by 30.2% in zero (nominal) Ca2+ and conversely, increased by 38% in high external Ca2+(6.2mM). The high Ca2+-increased whole cell currents were completely inhibited by either PC2 gene silencing, or intracellular dialysis with active, but not denatured by boiling, PC2 antibody. Exposure of cells to high Ca2+ was also associated with relocation of PC2 to the plasma membrane. To explore whether a Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) was implicated in the external Ca2+ modulation of PC2 currents, we tested the effect of the CaSR agonists, spermine and the calcimimetic R-568, which largely mimicked the effect of high Ca2+ under Ca2+-free conditions. The CaSR agonist gentamicin also increased the PC2 currents in the presence of normal Ca2+. The presence of CaSR was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, which partially colocalized with the intracellular PC2 protein, in an external Ca2+-dependent manner. The data support a novel Ca2+ sensing mechanism for PC2 expression and functional regulation in renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qing Dai
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paula L Perez
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, CONICET, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Soria
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Noelia Scarinci
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, CONICET, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Smoler
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, CONICET, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Cristian Morsucci
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kunimasa Suzuki
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Core Facility, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - María Del Rocío Cantero
- Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, CONICET, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio F Cantiello
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, CONICET, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Odontología, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Jung HS, Kang YM, Park HS, Ahn BY, Lee H, Kim MJ, Jang JY, Kim SW. Senp2 expression was induced by chronic glucose stimulation in INS1 cells, and it was required for the associated induction of Ccnd1 and Mafa. Islets 2016; 8:207-216. [PMID: 27644314 PMCID: PMC5161141 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1235677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by bonding of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) peptides influences various cellular functions, and is regulated by SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). Several proteins have been suggested to have diverse impact on insulin synthesis and secretion through SUMO modification in β cells. However, the role of SUMO modification in β cell mass has not been established. Here, we examined the changes in expression of Senp in INS1 cells and pancreatic islets under diabetes-relevant stress conditions and associated changes in β cell mass. Treatment with 25 mM glucose for 72 h induced Senp2 mRNA expression but not that of Senp1 in INS1 cells. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-SENP2 antibody on human pancreas sections revealed that SENP2 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, in a patient with type 2 diabetes, SENP2 levels were enhanced, especially in the cytoplasm. Senp2 cytoplasmic levels were also increased in islet cells in obese diabetic mice. Cell number peaked earlier in INS1 cells cultured in high-glucose conditions compared to those cultured in control media. This finding was associated with increased Ccnd1 mRNA expression in high-glucose conditions, and siRNA-mediated Senp2 suppression abrogated it. Mafa expression, unlike Pdx1, was also dependent on Senp2 expression during high-glucose conditions. In conclusion, Senp2 may play a role in β cell mass in response to chronic high-glucose through Cyclin D1 and Mafa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Hye Seung Jung Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakmo Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ferdaoussi M, Dai X, Jensen MV, Wang R, Peterson BS, Huang C, Ilkayeva O, Smith N, Miller N, Hajmrle C, Spigelman AF, Wright RC, Plummer G, Suzuki K, Mackay JP, van de Bunt M, Gloyn AL, Ryan TE, Norquay LD, Brosnan MJ, Trimmer JK, Rolph TP, Kibbey RG, Manning Fox JE, Colmers WF, Shirihai OS, Neufer PD, Yeh ETH, Newgard CB, MacDonald PE. Isocitrate-to-SENP1 signaling amplifies insulin secretion and rescues dysfunctional β cells. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3847-60. [PMID: 26389676 DOI: 10.1172/jci82498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans controls metabolic homeostasis and is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Increases in blood glucose trigger insulin release by closing ATP-sensitive K+ channels, depolarizing β cells, and opening voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to elicit insulin exocytosis. However, one or more additional pathway(s) amplify the secretory response, likely at the distal exocytotic site. The mitochondrial export of isocitrate and engagement with cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDc) may be one key pathway, but the mechanism linking this to insulin secretion and its role in T2D have not been defined. Here, we show that the ICDc-dependent generation of NADPH and subsequent glutathione (GSH) reduction contribute to the amplification of insulin exocytosis via sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). In human T2D and an in vitro model of human islet dysfunction, the glucose-dependent amplification of exocytosis was impaired and could be rescued by introduction of signaling intermediates from this pathway. Moreover, islet-specific Senp1 deletion in mice caused impaired glucose tolerance by reducing the amplification of insulin exocytosis. Together, our results identify a pathway that links glucose metabolism to the amplification of insulin secretion and demonstrate that restoration of this axis rescues β cell function in T2D.
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