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Carl CS, Jensen MM, Sjøberg KA, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Hill IR, Kjøbsted R, Greenhaff PL, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. Pharmacological Activation of PDC Flux Reverses Lipid-Induced Inhibition of Insulin Action in Muscle During Recovery From Exercise. Diabetes 2024; 73:1072-1083. [PMID: 38608261 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. However, following exercise, high circulating fatty acid (FA) levels might counteract this. We hypothesized that such inhibition would be reduced by forcibly increasing carbohydrate oxidation through pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was examined with a crossover design in healthy young men (n = 8) in a previously exercised and a rested leg during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 5 h after one-legged exercise with 1) infusion of saline, 2) infusion of intralipid imitating circulating FA levels during recovery from whole-body exercise, and 3) infusion of intralipid + oral PDC activator, dichloroacetate (DCA). Intralipid infusion reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 19% in the previously exercised leg, which was not observed in the contralateral rested leg. Interestingly, this effect of intralipid in the exercised leg was abolished by DCA, which increased muscle PDC activity (130%) and flux (acetylcarnitine 130%) and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of PDC on Ser293 (∼40%) and Ser300 (∼80%). Novel insight is provided into the regulatory interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism during exercise recovery. Coupling exercise and PDC flux activation upregulated the capacity for both glucose transport (exercise) and oxidation (DCA), which seems necessary to fully stimulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake during recovery. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie M Jensen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Ian R Hill
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao Y, Li C, Zhou S, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wen L. Enhanced glucose utilization of skeletal muscle after 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxia in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296815. [PMID: 38271325 PMCID: PMC10810429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hypoxia intervention (IHI) has been shown to reduces blood glucose and improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has been suggested as a complementary or alternative intervention to exercise for individuals with limited mobility. Previous research on IHI has assessed cellular glucose uptake rather than utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 4-week IHI, with or without an aerobic exercise, on skeletal muscle glucose utilization as indicated by the changes in pyruvate, lactate, NAD+, and NADH, using a mouse model of diet-induced T2D. In addition, the effects of one exposure to hypoxia (acute) and of a 4-week IHI (chronic) were compared to explore their relationship. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal control and high-fat-diet groups, and the mice that developed diet-induced diabetes were assigned to diabetes control, and intervention groups with 1 hour (acute) or 4 weeks (1 hour/day, 6 days/week) exposure to a hypoxic envrionment (0.15 FiO2), exercise (treadmill run) in normoxia, and exercise in hypoxia, respectively, with N = 7 in each group. The effects of the interventions on concentrations of fasting blood glucose, muscle glucose, GLUT4, lactate, pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and NADH were measured, and statistically compared between the groups. RESULTS Compared with diabetes control group, the mice treated in the hypoxic environment for 4 weeks showed a significantly higher pyruvate levels and lower lactate/pyruvate ratios in the quadriceps muscle, and the mice exposed to hypoxia without or with aerobic exercise for either for 4 weeks or just 1 hour showed higher NAD+ levels and lower NADH/NAD+ ratios. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to moderate hypoxia for either one bout or 4 weeks significantly increased the body's mitochondrial NAD cyclethe in diabetic mice even in the absence of aerobic exercise. The hypoxia and exercise interventions exhibited synergistic effects on glycolysis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the effects of IHI in respect of the management of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Youyu He
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Li Wen
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Thai LM, O’Reilly L, Reibe-Pal S, Sue N, Holliday H, Small L, Schmitz-Peiffer C, Dhenni R, Wang-Wei Tsai V, Norris N, Yau B, Zhang X, Lee K, Yan C, Shi YC, Kebede MA, Brink R, Cooney GJ, Irvine KM, Breit SN, Phan TG, Swarbrick A, Biden TJ. β-cell function is regulated by metabolic and epigenetic programming of islet-associated macrophages, involving Axl, Mertk, and TGFβ receptor signaling. iScience 2023; 26:106477. [PMID: 37091234 PMCID: PMC10113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have exploited islet-associated macrophages (IAMs) as a model of resident macrophage function, focusing on more physiological conditions than the commonly used extremes of M1 (inflammation) versus M2 (tissue remodeling) polarization. Under steady state, murine IAMs are metabolically poised between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and thereby exert a brake on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This is underpinned by epigenetic remodeling via the metabolically regulated histone demethylase Kdm5a. Conversely, GSIS is enhanced by engaging Axl receptors on IAMs, or by augmenting their oxidation of glucose. Following high-fat feeding, efferocytosis is stimulated in IAMs in conjunction with Mertk and TGFβ receptor signaling. This impairs GSIS and potentially contributes to β-cell failure in pre-diabetes. Thus, IAMs serve as relays in many more settings than currently appreciated, fine-tuning insulin secretion in response to dynamic changes in the external environment. Intervening in this nexus might represent a means of preserving β-cell function during metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le May Thai
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liam O’Reilly
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nancy Sue
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Holliday
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Norris
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kailun Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Cooney
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Samuel N. Breit
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tri G. Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor J. Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Khattri RB, Puglise J, Ryan TE, Walter GA, Merritt ME, Barton ER. Isolated murine skeletal muscles utilize pyruvate over glucose for oxidation. Metabolomics 2022; 18:105. [PMID: 36480060 PMCID: PMC9732067 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fuel sources for skeletal muscle tissue include carbohydrates and fatty acids, and utilization depends upon fiber type, workload, and substrate availability. The use of isotopically labeled substrate tracers combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables a deeper examination of not only utilization of substrates by a given tissue, but also their contribution to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the differential utilization of substrates in isolated murine skeletal muscle, and to evaluate how isopotomer anlaysis provided insight into skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS Isolated C57BL/6 mouse hind limb muscles were incubated in oxygenated solution containing uniformly labeled 13C6 glucose, 13C3 pyruvate, or 13C2 acetate at room temperature. Isotopomer analysis of 13C labeled glutamate was performed on pooled extracts of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. RESULTS Pyruvate and acetate were more avidly consumed than glucose with resultant increases in glutamate labeling in both muscle groups. Glucose incubation resulted in glutamate labeling, but with high anaplerotic flux in contrast to the labeling by pyruvate. Muscle fiber type distinctions were evident by differences in lactate enrichment and extent of substrate oxidation. CONCLUSION Isotope tracing experiments in isolated muscles reveal that pyruvate and acetate are avidly oxidized by isolated soleus and EDL muscles, whereas glucose labeling of glutamate is accompanied by high anaplerotic flux. We believe our results may set the stage for future examination of metabolic signatures of skeletal muscles from pre-clinical models of aging, type-2 diabetes and neuromuscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Khattri
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, 124 Florida Gym, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jason Puglise
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, 124 Florida Gym, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, 124 Florida Gym, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, 124 Florida Gym, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Yiew NKH, Finck BN. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier at the crossroads of intermediary metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E33-E52. [PMID: 35635330 PMCID: PMC9273276 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism, a central nexus of carbon homeostasis, is an evolutionarily conserved process and aberrant pyruvate metabolism is associated with and contributes to numerous human metabolic disorders including diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. As a product of glycolysis, pyruvate is primarily generated in the cytosol before being transported into the mitochondrion for further metabolism. Pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial matrix is a critical step for efficient generation of reducing equivalents and ATP and for the biosynthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from pyruvate. However, for many years, the identity of the carrier protein(s) that transported pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix remained a mystery. In 2012, the molecular-genetic identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a heterodimeric complex composed of protein subunits MPC1 and MPC2, enabled studies that shed light on the many metabolic and physiological processes regulated by pyruvate metabolism. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating pyruvate transport and the processes affected by pyruvate metabolism may enable novel therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial pyruvate flux to treat a variety of disorders. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the MPC, discuss recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in various tissue and cell types, and address some of the outstanding questions relevant to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Systems-level analysis of insulin action in mouse strains provides insight into tissue- and pathway-specific interactions that drive insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2022; 34:227-239.e6. [PMID: 35021042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin resistance are major drivers of metabolic disease. To uncover pathways involved in insulin resistance, specifically in these tissues, we leveraged the metabolic diversity of different dietary exposures and discrete inbred mouse strains. This revealed that muscle insulin resistance was driven by gene-by-environment interactions and was strongly correlated with hyperinsulinemia and decreased levels of ten key glycolytic enzymes. Remarkably, there was no relationship between muscle and adipose tissue insulin action. Adipocyte size profoundly varied across strains and diets, and this was strongly correlated with adipose tissue insulin resistance. The A/J strain, in particular, exhibited marked adipocyte insulin resistance and hypertrophy despite robust muscle insulin responsiveness, challenging the role of adipocyte hypertrophy per se in systemic insulin resistance. These data demonstrate that muscle and adipose tissue insulin resistance can occur independently and underscore the need for tissue-specific interrogation to understand metabolic disease.
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Mohamed AB, Rémond D, Gual-Grau A, Bernalier-Donnadille A, Capel F, Michalski MC, Laugerette F, Cohade B, Hafnaoui N, Béchet D, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Gueugneau M, Salles J, Migné C, Dardevet D, David J, Polakof S, Savary-Auzeloux I. A Mix of Dietary Fibres Changes Interorgan Nutrients Exchanges and Muscle-Adipose Energy Handling in Overfed Mini-Pigs. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124202. [PMID: 34959754 PMCID: PMC8704711 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the capacity of a bread enriched with fermentable dietary fibres to modulate the metabolism and nutrients handling between tissues, gut and peripheral, in a context of overfeeding. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, urea, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and amino acids were recorded in control and overfed female mini-pigs supplemented or not with fibre-enriched bread. SCFA in fecal water and gene expressions, but not protein levels or metabolic fluxes, were measured in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. Fibre supplementation increased the potential for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in muscle (acox, ucp2, sdha and cpt1-m, p < 0.05) as well as main regulatory transcription factors of metabolic activity such as pparα, pgc-1α and nrf2. All these features were associated with a reduced muscle fibre cross sectional area, resembling to controls (i.e., lean phenotype). SCFA may be direct inducers of these cross-talk alterations, as their feces content (+52%, p = 0.05) was increased in fibre-supplemented mini-pigs. The SCFA effects could be mediated at the gut level by an increased production of incretins (increased gcg mRNA, p < 0.05) and an up-regulation of SCFA receptors (increased gpr41 mRNA, p < 0.01). Hence, consumption of supplemented bread with fermentable fibres can be an appropriate strategy to activate muscle energy catabolism and limit the establishment of an obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ben Mohamed
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Didier Rémond
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Andreu Gual-Grau
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Annick Bernalier-Donnadille
- Unité de Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches 0454, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- CarMeN Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1397, INRAE/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; (M.-C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- CarMeN Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1397, INRAE/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; (M.-C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Benoit Cohade
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Noureddine Hafnaoui
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Jerome Salles
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Carole Migné
- MetaboHUB Clermont, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Jérémie David
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Uddin GM, Karwi QG, Pherwani S, Gopal K, Wagg CS, Biswas D, Atnasious M, Wu Y, Wu G, Zhang L, Ho KL, Pulinilkunnil T, Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Deletion of BCATm increases insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in the heart. Metabolism 2021; 124:154871. [PMID: 34478752 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation is impaired in cardiac insulin resistance, leading to the accumulation of BCAAs and the first products of BCAA oxidation, the branched chain ketoacids. However, it is not clear whether it is the BCAAs, BCKAs or both that are mediating cardiac insulin resistance. To determine this, we produced mice with a cardiac-specific deletion of BCAA aminotransferase (BCATm-/-), the first enzyme in the BCAA oxidation pathway that is responsible for converting BCAAs to BCKAs. METHODS Eight-week-old BCATm cardiac specific knockout (BCATm-/-) male mice and their α-MHC (myosin heavy chain) - Cre expressing wild type littermates (WT-Cre+/+) received tamoxifen (50 mg/kg i.p. 6 times over 8 days). At 16-weeks of age, cardiac energy metabolism was assessed in isolated working hearts. RESULTS BCATm-/- mice have decreased cardiac BCAA oxidation rates, increased cardiac BCAAs and a reduction in cardiac BCKAs. Hearts from BCATm-/- mice showed an increase in insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation and an increase in p-AKT. To determine the impact of reversing these events, we perfused isolated working mice hearts with high levels of BCKAs, which completely abolished insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation rates, an effect associated with decreased p-AKT and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in glucose oxidation. CONCLUSION This implicates the BCKAs, and not BCAAs, as the actual mediators of cardiac insulin resistance and suggests that lowering cardiac BCKAs can be used as a therapeutic strategy to improve insulin sensitivity in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam M Uddin
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Mariam Atnasious
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yikuan Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - John R Ussher
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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11
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Bruhn L, Kjøbsted R, Quist JS, Gram AS, Rosenkilde M, Færch K, Wojtaszewski JF, Stallknecht B, Blond MB. Effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle protein expression in relation to insulin sensitivity: Per-protocol analysis of a randomized controlled trial (GO-ACTIWE). Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14850. [PMID: 34042297 PMCID: PMC8157763 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training improves peripheral insulin sensitivity and leads to molecular adaptations in the skeletal muscle. We investigated changes in the expression of key muscle proteins in the glucose metabolic pathway following active commuting by bike or leisure-time exercise at two different intensities. In addition, potential associations between insulin sensitivity and muscle protein expression were examined. This per-protocol analysis included 72 out of 130 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2 ) who completed 6 months of no intervention (CON, n = 12), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n = 14), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, n = 28) or vigorous (VIG, n = 18) intensity. Exercise was prescribed 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1,600 kcal for women and 2,100 kcal for men. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analyzed for protein expression at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of intervention. We found an increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the exercise groups compared with the control group following 6 months of training. No differential effects were observed on the protein expression following moderate versus vigorous intensity exercise. In addition, we found a positive association between insulin sensitivity and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 as well as PDH. The positive association and the increase in expression of PDH after exercise training points toward a role for PDH in the training-induced enhancement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bruhn
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh ClubDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh ClubDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
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12
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Wali JA, Solon-Biet SM, Freire T, Brandon AE. Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33923531 PMCID: PMC8072595 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an increased adiposity and is a precipitating factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and altered metabolic health. Of the various factors contributing to metabolic impairments, nutrition is the major modifiable factor that can be targeted to counter the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, the macronutrient composition of a nutritionally balanced "healthy diet" are unclear, and so far, no tested dietary intervention has been successful in achieving long-term compliance and reductions in body weight and associated beneficial health outcomes. In the current review, we briefly describe the role of the three major macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and their role in metabolic health, and provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how an integrated multi-dimensional approach to nutritional science could help in reconciling apparently conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A. Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha M. Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Daïen C, Tan J, Audo R, Mielle J, Quek L, Krycer J, Angelatos A, Duraes M, Pinget G, Ni D, Robert R, Alam M, Amian M, Sierro F, Parmar A, Perkins G, Hoque S, Gosby A, Simpson S, Ribeiro R, Mackay C, Macia L. Gut-derived acetate promotes B10 cells with antiinflammatory effects. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144156. [PMID: 33729999 PMCID: PMC8119207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance partly due to environmental factors. The short-chain fatty acid acetate, derived mostly from gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, promotes antiinflammatory Tregs and protects mice from type 1 diabetes, colitis, and allergies. Here, we show that the effects of acetate extend to another important immune subset involved in tolerance, the IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells). Acetate directly promoted B10 cell differentiation from mouse B1a cells both in vivo and in vitro. These effects were linked to metabolic changes through the increased production of acetyl-coenzyme A, which fueled the TCA cycle and promoted posttranslational lysine acetylation. Acetate also promoted B10 cells from human blood cells through similar mechanisms. Finally, we identified that dietary fiber supplementation in healthy individuals was associated with increased blood-derived B10 cells. Direct delivery of acetate or indirect delivery via diets or bacteria that produce acetate might be a promising approach to restore B10 cells in noncommunicable diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/blood
- Acetates/metabolism
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-10
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- C.I. Daïen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Audo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Mielle
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L.E. Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - J.R. Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Angelatos
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Duraes
- Department of Gynecology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - M.J. Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M.C.B. Amian
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Sierro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Parmar
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G. Perkins
- Biosciences platform, NSTLI Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Hoque
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - A.K. Gosby
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S.J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R.V. Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - L. Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Galgani JE, Fernández-Verdejo R. Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13131. [PMID: 32815226 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids among others are oxidized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These fuels are supplied from the environment (through food intake) and internal depots (through lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and proteolysis) at different rates throughout the day. Complex adaptive systems permit to accommodate fuel oxidation according to fuel availability. This capacity of a cell, tissue, or organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability is defined as metabolic flexibility (MetF). There are conditions, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, in which MetF seems to be impaired. The observation that those conditions are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction has set the basis to propose a link between mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic inflexibility, and metabolic health. We here highlight the evidence about the notion that MetF influences metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Galgani
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Career, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Career, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Insulin directly stimulates mitochondrial glucose oxidation in the heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:207. [PMID: 33287820 PMCID: PMC7722314 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose oxidation is a major contributor to myocardial energy production and its contribution is orchestrated by insulin. While insulin can increase glucose oxidation indirectly by enhancing glucose uptake and glycolysis, it also directly stimulates mitochondrial glucose oxidation, independent of increasing glucose uptake or glycolysis, through activating mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of glucose oxidation. However, how insulin directly stimulates PDH is not known. To determine this, we characterized the impacts of modifying mitochondrial insulin signaling kinases, namely protein kinase B (Akt), protein kinase C-delta (PKC-δ) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), on the direct insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation. Methods We employed an isolated working mouse heart model to measure the effect of insulin on cardiac glycolysis, glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation and how that could be affected when mitochondrial Akt, PKC-δ or GSK-3β is disturbed using pharmacological modulators. We also used differential centrifugation to isolate mitochondrial and cytosol fraction to examine the activity of Akt, PKC-δ and GSK-3β between these fractions. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA. Results Here we show that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of mitochondrial Akt is a prerequisite for transducing insulin’s direct stimulation of glucose oxidation. Inhibition of mitochondrial Akt completely abolishes insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, independent of glucose uptake or glycolysis. We also show a novel role of mitochondrial PKC-δ in modulating mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Inhibition of mitochondrial PKC-δ mimics insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation and mitochondrial Akt. We also demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial GSK3β phosphorylation does not influence insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. Conclusion We identify, for the first time, insulin-stimulated mitochondrial Akt as a prerequisite transmitter of the insulin signal that directly stimulates cardiac glucose oxidation. These novel findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial Akt is a potential therapeutic approach to enhance cardiac insulin sensitivity in condition such as heart failure, diabetes and obesity.
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16
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Changes in gene expression of lactate carriers (MCT1 and CD147) in cardiac muscle of diabetic male rats: the effect of dichloroacetate and endurance training. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Song JD, Alves TC, Befroy DE, Perry RJ, Mason GF, Zhang XM, Munk A, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Dissociation of Muscle Insulin Resistance from Alterations in Mitochondrial Substrate Preference. Cell Metab 2020; 32:726-735.e5. [PMID: 33035493 PMCID: PMC8218871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in muscle mitochondrial substrate preference have been postulated to play a major role in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance. In order to examine this hypothesis, we assessed the ratio of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation (VPDH) to rates of mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (VCS) in muscle. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed insulin-resistant rats did not manifest altered muscle substrate preference (VPDH/VCS) in soleus or quadriceps muscles in the fasting state. Furthermore, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (HE) clamps increased VPDH/VCS in both muscles in normal and insulin-resistant rats. We then examined the muscle VPDH/VCS flux in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant humans and found similar relative rates of VPDH/VCS, following an overnight fast (∼20%), and similar increases in VPDH/VCS fluxes during a HE clamp. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that alterations in mitochondrial substrate preference are not an essential step in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongyu D Song
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas E Befroy
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology & Bioengineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; PeakAnalysts, Benenden, Kent, UK
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Radiology & Bioengineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Munk
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Radiology & Bioengineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Biswas D, Dao KT, Mercer A, Cowie AM, Duffley L, El Hiani Y, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Branched-chain ketoacid overload inhibits insulin action in the muscle. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15597-15621. [PMID: 32878988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) are catabolites of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Intracellular BCKAs are cleared by branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is sensitive to inhibitory phosphorylation by BCKD kinase (BCKDK). Accumulation of BCKAs is an indicator of defective BCAA catabolism and has been correlated with glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether BCKAs directly alter insulin signaling and function in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cell. Furthermore, the role of excess fatty acids (FAs) in perturbing BCAA catabolism and BCKA availability merits investigation. By using immunoblotting and ultra-performance liquid chromatography MS/MS to analyze the hearts of fasted mice, we observed decreased BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression and increased circulating BCKAs, but not BCAAs. In mice subjected to diet-induced obesity (DIO), we observed similar increases in circulating BCKAs with concomitant changes in BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression only in the skeletal muscle. Effects of DIO were recapitulated by simulating lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle cells treated with saturated FA, palmitate. Exposure of muscle cells to high concentrations of BCKAs resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation, decreased glucose uptake, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Altering intracellular clearance of BCKAs by genetic modulation of BCKDK and BCKDHA expression showed similar effects on AKT phosphorylation. BCKAs increased protein translation and mTORC1 activation. Pretreating cells with mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin restored BCKA's effect on insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. This study provides evidence for FA-mediated regulation of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes and BCKA content and highlights the biological role of BCKAs in regulating muscle insulin signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Khoi T Dao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew M Cowie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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19
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Rezaei Nasab H, Habibi AH, Nikbakht M, Rashno M, Shakerian S. Changes in Serum Levels and Gene Expression of PGC-1α in The Cardiac Muscle of Diabetic Rats: The Effect of Dichloroacetate and Endurance Training. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:425-430. [PMID: 32347035 PMCID: PMC7211283 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Physical activity leads to changes in the level of gene expression in different kinds of cells, including
changes in mitochondrial biogenesis in the myocardium in diabetic patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a gene that plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. The purpose
of this study was to investigate changes in serum levels and cardiac muscle expression of PGC-1α in diabetic rats in
response to the administration of dichloroacetate (DCA) and endurance training.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 64 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into eight
groups after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ). The endurance training protocol was performed on a
treadmill for 6 weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of DCA of 50 mg/ kg body weight was used for the inhibition of Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) in the myocardium. Gene expression were measured using real-time polymerase
chain reaction (PCR). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to statistically analyze the data.
Results The results of the study showed that PDK4 gene expression in the endurance training group, diabetes+endurance
training group, diabetes+endurance training+DCA group and endurance training+DCA group was higher compared to
the control group. Expression of PGC-1α was higher in the endurance training group compared to the control group
but was lower compared to the control group in diabetes+endurance training+DCA group and diabetes+DCA group
(P<0.05).
Conclusion Considering that PGC-1α plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis, it is likely that by inhibiting
PDK4 and subsequently controlling oxidation of fatty acid (FA) in the heart tissue, oxidative stress in the heart tissue of
diabetic patients will be reduced and cardiac efficiency will be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Rezaei Nasab
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Abdol Hamid Habibi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Nikbakht
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shakerian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Wang X, Lai S, Ye Y, Hu Y, Pan D, Bai X, Shen J. Conditional knockout of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mouse pancreatic β‑cells causes morphological and functional changes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1717-1726. [PMID: 32319629 PMCID: PMC7057776 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder predominantly caused by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. This dysfunction is partly caused by the dysregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which acts as an important mediator of pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuels the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Previous studies have reported decreased PDH expression in rodent models and humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting that PDH may play an important role in the development of T2DM. However, the mechanism by which PDH affects insulin secretion and β-cell development is poorly understood. Using immunofluorescence staining, the present study found that the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-α subunit (PDHA1; encoded by the PDHA1 gene) in the islets of type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice) was lower than in wild-type mice, which indicated the possible association between PDHA1and diabetes. To further understand this mechanism, an inducible, islet-specific PDHA1 knockout mouse (βKO) model was established. The phenotype was authenticated, and the blood glucose levels and islet function between the βKO and control mice were compared. Though no changes were found in food intake, development status, fasting blood glucose or weight between the groups, the level of insulin secretion at 30 min after glucose injection in the βKO group was significantly lower compared with the control group. Furthermore, the performed of the βKO mice on the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was visibly impaired when compared with the control mice. Pancreatic tissues were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis. Examination of the islets from the βKO mouse model indicated that abolishing the expression of PDH caused a compensatory islet enlargement and impaired insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Shuchang Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yanshi Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Nan Shan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Daoyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang X, Fu T, He Q, Gao X, Luo Y. Glucose-6-Phosphate Upregulates Txnip Expression by Interacting With MondoA. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:147. [PMID: 31993438 PMCID: PMC6962712 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major metabolic fates of glucose in cells are glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, and they share the first step: converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Here, we show that G6P can be sensed by the transcription factor MondoA/Mlx to modulate Txnip expression. Endogenous knockdown and EMSA (gel migration assay) analyses both confirmed that G6P is the metabolic intermediate that activates the heterocomplex MondoA/Mlx to elicit the expression of Txnip. Additionally, the three-dimensional structure of MondoA is modeled, and the binding mode of G6P to MondoA is also predicted by in silico molecular docking and binding free energy calculation. Finally, free energy decomposition and mutational analyses suggest that certain residues in MondoA, GKL139-141 in particular, mediate its binding with G6P to activate MondoA, which signals the upregulation of the expression of Txnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Sharma A, Oonthonpan L, Sheldon RD, Rauckhorst AJ, Zhu Z, Tompkins SC, Cho K, Grzesik WJ, Gray LR, Scerbo DA, Pewa AD, Cushing EM, Dyle MC, Cox JE, Adams C, Davies BS, Shields RK, Norris AW, Patti G, Zingman LV, Taylor EB. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial pyruvate uptake rewires glucose metabolism to drive whole-body leanness. eLife 2019; 8:e45873. [PMID: 31305240 PMCID: PMC6684275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic cycles are a fundamental element of cellular and organismal function. Among the most critical in higher organisms is the Cori Cycle, the systemic cycling between lactate and glucose. Here, skeletal muscle-specific Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) deletion in mice diverted pyruvate into circulating lactate. This switch disinhibited muscle fatty acid oxidation and drove Cori Cycling that contributed to increased energy expenditure. Loss of muscle MPC activity led to strikingly decreased adiposity with complete muscle mass and strength retention. Notably, despite decreasing muscle glucose oxidation, muscle MPC disruption increased muscle glucose uptake and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, chronic and acute muscle MPC deletion accelerated fat mass loss on a normal diet after high fat diet-induced obesity. Our results illuminate the role of the skeletal muscle MPC as a whole-body carbon flux control point. They highlight the potential utility of modulating muscle pyruvate utilization to ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Lalita Oonthonpan
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Sean C Tompkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, School of MedicineWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Lawrence R Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Diego A Scerbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Alvin D Pewa
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Emily M Cushing
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Michael C Dyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Chris Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Brandon S Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Richard K Shields
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Gary Patti
- Department of Chemistry, School of MedicineWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Leonid V Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolomics Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
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23
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Small L, Brandon AE, Parker BL, Deshpande V, Samsudeen AF, Kowalski GM, Reznick J, Wilks DL, Preston E, Bruce CR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Reduced insulin action in muscle of high fat diet rats over the diurnal cycle is not associated with defective insulin signaling. Mol Metab 2019; 25:107-118. [PMID: 31029696 PMCID: PMC6600078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Energy metabolism and insulin action follow a diurnal rhythm. It is therefore important that investigations into dysregulation of these pathways are relevant to the physiology of this diurnal rhythm. Methods We examined glucose uptake, markers of insulin action, and the phosphorylation of insulin signaling intermediates in muscle of chow and high fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats over the normal diurnal cycle. Results HFHS animals displayed hyperinsulinemia but had reduced systemic glucose disposal and lower muscle glucose uptake during the feeding period. Analysis of gene expression, enzyme activity, protein abundance and phosphorylation revealed a clear diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation pathways with no difference in Akt signaling in muscle. Transfection of a constitutively active Akt2 into the muscle of HFHS rats did not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Conclusions These studies suggest that reduced glucose uptake in muscle during the diurnal cycle induced by short-term HFHS-feeding is not the result of reduced insulin signaling. Investigating metabolism in rodents over the diurnal cycle more accurately models normal animal physiology. Diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation is altered in muscle of HFHS-fed rats. There is a disconnect between glucose uptake and canonical insulin signaling in muscle. Activation of Akt2 does not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Azrah F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane Reznick
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna L Wilks
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elaine Preston
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - David E James
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Santos JL, Cataldo LR, Cortés-Rivera C, Bravo C, Díaz-Casanova L, Martínez JA, Milagro FI, Galgani J. Plasma lactate and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number as biomarkers of insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic women. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:285-297. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Kasper JD, Meyer RA, Beard DA, Wiseman RW. Effects of altered pyruvate dehydrogenase activity on contracting skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R76-R86. [PMID: 30462525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During aerobic exercise (>65% of maximum oxygen consumption), the primary source of acetyl-CoA to fuel oxidative ATP synthesis in muscle is the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) reaction. This study investigated how regulation of PDH activity affects muscle energetics by determining whether activation of PDH with dichloroacetate (DCA) alters the dynamics of the phosphate potential of rat gastrocnemius muscle during contraction. Twitch contractions were induced in vivo over a broad range of intensities to sample submaximal and maximal aerobic workloads. Muscle phosphorus metabolites were measured in vivo before and after DCA treatment by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At rest, DCA increased PDH activation compared with control (90 ± 12% vs. 23 ± 3%, P < 0.05), with parallel decreases in inorganic phosphate (Pi) of 17% (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1 mM, P < 0.05) and an increase in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔGATP) (-66.2 ± 0.3 vs. -65.6 ± 0.2 kJ/mol, P < 0.05). During stimulation DCA increased steady-state phosphocreatine (PCr) and the magnitude of ΔGATP, with concomitant reduction in Pi and ADP concentrations. These effects were not due to kinetic alterations in PCr hydrolysis, resynthesis, or glycolytic ATP production and altered the flow-force relationship between mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate and ΔGATP. DCA had no significant effect at 1.0- to 2.0-Hz stimulation because physiological mechanisms at these high stimulation levels cause maximal activation of PDH. These data support a role of PDH activation in the regulation of the energetic steady state by altering the phosphate potential (ΔGATP) at rest and during contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kasper
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ronald A Meyer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
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