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Jones AE, Rios A, Ibrahimovic N, Chavez C, Bayley NA, Ball AB, Hsieh WY, Sammarco A, Bianchi AR, Cortez AA, Graeber TG, Hoffmann A, Bensinger SJ, Divakaruni AS. The metabolic cofactor Coenzyme A enhances alternative macrophage activation via MyD88-linked signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587096. [PMID: 38585887 PMCID: PMC10996702 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Metabolites and metabolic co-factors can shape the innate immune response, though the pathways by which these molecules adjust inflammation remain incompletely understood. Here we show that the metabolic cofactor Coenzyme A (CoA) enhances IL-4 driven alternative macrophage activation [m(IL-4)] in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, we found that perturbations in intracellular CoA metabolism did not influence m(IL-4) differentiation. Rather, we discovered that exogenous CoA provides a weak TLR4 signal which primes macrophages for increased receptivity to IL-4 signals and resolution of inflammation via MyD88. Mechanistic studies revealed MyD88-linked signals prime for IL-4 responsiveness, in part, by reshaping chromatin accessibility to enhance transcription of IL-4-linked genes. The results identify CoA as a host metabolic co-factor that influences macrophage function through an extrinsic TLR4-dependent mechanism, and suggests that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can prime macrophages for alternative activation and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Jones
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy Rios
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neira Ibrahimovic
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carolina Chavez
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bayley
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andréa B Ball
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wei Yuan Hsieh
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amber R Bianchi
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angel A Cortez
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Lead contact
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An Y, Tan S, Yang J, Gao T, Dong Y. The potential role of Hippo pathway regulates cellular metabolism via signaling crosstalk in disease-induced macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1344697. [PMID: 38274792 PMCID: PMC10808647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1344697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages polarized into distinct phenotypes play vital roles in inflammatory diseases by clearing pathogens, promoting tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. Metabolism serves as a fundamental driver in regulating macrophage polarization, and understanding the interplay between macrophage metabolism and polarization is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases. The intricate network of cellular signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in modulating macrophage metabolism, and growing evidence indicates that the Hippo pathway emerges as a central player in network of cellular metabolism signaling. This review aims to explore the impact of macrophage metabolism on polarization and summarize the cell signaling pathways that regulate macrophage metabolism in diseases. Specifically, we highlight the pivotal role of the Hippo pathway as a key regulator of cellular metabolism and reveal its potential relationship with metabolism in macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina An
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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McCommis KS, Finck BN. The Hepatic Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism and a Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:261. [PMID: 36830630 PMCID: PMC9953669 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate sits at an important metabolic crossroads of intermediary metabolism. As a product of glycolysis in the cytosol, it must be transported into the mitochondrial matrix for the energy stored in this nutrient to be fully harnessed to generate ATP or to become the building block of new biomolecules. Given the requirement for mitochondrial import, it is not surprising that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) has emerged as a target for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases characterized by altered mitochondrial and intermediary metabolism. In this review, we focus on the role of the MPC and related metabolic pathways in the liver in regulating hepatic and systemic energy metabolism and summarize the current state of targeting this pathway to treat diseases of the liver. Available evidence suggests that inhibiting the MPC in hepatocytes and other cells of the liver produces a variety of beneficial effects for treating type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We also highlight areas where our understanding is incomplete regarding the pleiotropic effects of MPC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Dong T, Chen X, Xu H, Song Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Du R, Lou H, Dong T. Mitochondrial metabolism mediated macrophage polarization in chronic lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kushwaha P, Alekos NS, Kim SP, Li Z, Wolfgang MJ, Riddle RC. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is important for normal osteoclast formation in growing female mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:997358. [PMID: 36187756 PMCID: PMC9515402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.997358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal remodeling is an energy demanding process that is linked to nutrient availability and the levels of metabolic hormones. While recent studies have examined the metabolic requirements of bone formation by osteoblasts, much less is known about the energetic requirements of bone resorption by osteoclasts. The abundance of mitochondria in mature osteoclasts suggests that the production of an acidified micro-environment conducive to the ionization of hydroxyapatite, secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes, and motility during resorption requires significant energetic capacity. To investigate the contribution of mitochondrial long chain fatty acid β-oxidation to osteoclast development, we disrupted the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (Cpt2) in myeloid-lineage cells. Fatty acid oxidation increases dramatically in bone marrow cultures stimulated with RANKL and M-CSF and microCT analysis revealed that the genetic inhibition of long chain fatty acid oxidation in osteoclasts significantly increases trabecular bone volume in female mice secondary to reduced osteoclast numbers. In line with these data, osteoclast precursors isolated from Cpt2 mutants exhibit reduced capacity to form large-multinucleated osteoclasts, which was not rescued by exogenous glucose or pyruvate, and signs of an energetic stress response. Together, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation by the osteoclast is required for normal bone resorption as its inhibition produces an intrinsic defect in osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nathalie S. Alekos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Soohyun P. Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Ryan C. Riddle,
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6
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Sun JX, Xu XH, Jin L. Effects of Metabolism on Macrophage Polarization Under Different Disease Backgrounds. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880286. [PMID: 35911719 PMCID: PMC9331907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells associated with various diseases, and their phenotypes and functions change on the basis of the surrounding environments. Reprogramming of metabolism is required for the proper polarization of macrophages. This review will focus on basic metabolic pathways, the effects of key enzymes and specific products, relationships between cellular metabolism and macrophage polarization in different diseases and the potential prospect of therapy targeted key metabolic enzymes. In particular, the types and characteristics of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface and their effects on a successful conception will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Jin
- *Correspondence: Liping Jin, ; Xiang-Hong Xu,
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7
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Strittmatter N, Kanvatirth P, Inglese P, Race AM, Nilsson A, Dannhorn A, Kudo H, Goldin RD, Ling S, Wong E, Seeliger F, Serra MP, Hoffmann S, Maglennon G, Hamm G, Atkinson J, Jones S, Bunch J, Andrén PE, Takats Z, Goodwin RJA, Mastroeni P. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2791-2802. [PMID: 34767352 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A more complete and holistic view on host-microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Panchali Kanvatirth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alan M Race
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, U.K
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Edmond Wong
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - James Atkinson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stewart Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
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8
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McGuire MR, Mukhopadhyay D, Myers SL, Mosher EP, Brookheart RT, Kammers K, Sehgal A, Selen ES, Wolfgang MJ, Bumpus NN, Espenshade PJ. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) binds and stabilizes cytochromes P450 through a heme-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101316. [PMID: 34678314 PMCID: PMC8591507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a heme-binding protein implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. We previously showed that PGRMC1 binds to cytochromes P450 in yeast and mammalian cells and supports their activity. Recently, the paralog PGRMC2 was shown to function as a heme chaperone. The extent of PGRMC1 function in cytochrome P450 biology and whether PGRMC1 is also a heme chaperone are unknown. Here, we examined the function of Pgrmc1 in mouse liver using a knockout model and found that Pgrmc1 binds and stabilizes a broad range of cytochromes P450 in a heme-independent manner. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies demonstrated that Pgrmc1 binds more than 13 cytochromes P450 and supports maintenance of cytochrome P450 protein levels posttranscriptionally. In vitro assays confirmed that Pgrmc1 KO livers exhibit reduced cytochrome P450 activity consistent with reduced enzyme levels. Mechanistic studies in cultured cells demonstrated that PGRMC1 stabilizes cytochromes P450 and that binding and stabilization do not require PGRMC1 binding to heme. Importantly, Pgrmc1-dependent stabilization of cytochromes P450 is physiologically relevant, as Pgrmc1 deletion protected mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Finally, evaluation of Y113F mutant Pgrmc1, which lacks the axial heme iron-coordinating hydroxyl group, revealed that proper iron coordination is not required for heme binding, but is required for binding to ferrochelatase, the final enzyme in heme biosynthesis. PGRMC1 was recently identified as the causative mutation in X-linked isolated pediatric cataract formation. Together, these results demonstrate a heme-independent function for PGRMC1 in cytochrome P450 stability that may underlie clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R McGuire
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debaditya Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie L Myers
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric P Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita T Brookheart
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Kammers
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfica Sehgal
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J Espenshade
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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9
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Impaired mitochondrial function of alveolar macrophages in carbon nanotube-induced chronic pulmonary granulomatous disease. Toxicology 2020; 445:152598. [PMID: 32976959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been associated with the development of pulmonary sarcoid-like granulomatous disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induced chronic pulmonary granulomatous inflammation in mice. Granuloma formation was accompanied by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and disrupted intracellular lipid homeostasis in alveolar macrophages. Others have shown that PPARγ activation increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to reduce free fatty acid accumulation. Hence, we hypothesized that the disrupted lipid metabolism suppresses mitochondrial FAO. To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 J mice were instilled by an oropharyngeal route with 100 μg MWCNT freshly suspended in 35 % Infasurf. Control sham mice received vehicle alone. Sixty days following instillation, mitochondrial FAO was measured in permeabilized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. MWCNT instillation reduced the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate of BAL cells in the presence of palmitoyl-carnitine as mitochondrial fuel. MWCNT also reduced mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes regulating FAO, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-2 (CPT2), hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase subunit beta (HADHB), and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A). Importantly, both oxidative stress and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages and lung tissues of MWCNT-instilled mice were increased. Because macrophage PPARγ expression has been reported to be controlled by miR-27b which is known to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, we measured the expression of miR-27b. Results indicated elevated levels in alveolar macrophages from MWCNT-instilled mice compared to controls. Given that inhibition of FAO and apoptosis are linked to M1 and M2 macrophage activation, respectively, the expression of both M1 and M2 key indicator genes were measured. Interestingly, results showed that both M1 and M2 phenotypes of alveolar macrophages were activated in MWCNT-instilled mice. In conclusion, alveolar macrophages of MWCNT-instilled mice had increased miR-27b expression, which may reduce the expression of PPARγ resulting in attenuation of FAO. This reduction in FAO may lead to activation of M1 macrophages. The upregulation of miR-27b may also induce apoptosis, which in turn can cause M2 activation of alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate a possible role of miR-27b in impaired mitochondrial function in the chronic activation of alveolar macrophages by MWCNT and the development of chronic pulmonary granulomatous inflammation.
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Chandra P, He L, Zimmerman M, Yang G, Köster S, Ouimet M, Wang H, Moore KJ, Dartois V, Schilling JD, Philips JA. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Macrophage Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio 2020; 11:e01139-20. [PMID: 32636249 PMCID: PMC7343992 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01139-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation involves metabolic reprogramming to support antimicrobial cellular functions. How these metabolic shifts influence the outcome of infection by intracellular pathogens remains incompletely understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates host metabolic pathways and utilizes host nutrients, including cholesterol and fatty acids, to survive within macrophages. We found that intracellular growth of Mtb depends on host fatty acid catabolism: when host fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) was blocked chemically with trimetazidine, a compound in clinical use, or genetically by deletion of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Mtb failed to grow in macrophages, and its growth was attenuated in mice. Mechanistic studies support a model in which inhibition of FAO generates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhance macrophage NADPH oxidase and xenophagy activity to better control Mtb infection. Thus, FAO inhibition promotes key antimicrobial functions of macrophages and overcomes immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb.IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading infectious disease killer worldwide. We discovered that intracellular Mtb fails to grow in macrophages in which fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is blocked. Macrophages treated with FAO inhibitors rapidly generate a burst of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, which promotes NADPH oxidase recruitment and autophagy to limit the growth of Mtb. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of trimetazidine to reduce pathogen burden in mice infected with Mtb. These studies will add to the knowledge of how host metabolism modulates Mtb infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guozhe Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stefan Köster
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathyrn J Moore
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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van Teijlingen Bakker N, Pearce EJ. Cell-intrinsic metabolic regulation of mononuclear phagocyte activation: Findings from the tip of the iceberg. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:54-67. [PMID: 32242952 PMCID: PMC10911050 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have only recently started to appreciate the extent to which immune cell activation involves significant changes in cellular metabolism. We are now beginning to understand how commitment to specific metabolic pathways influences aspects of cellular biology that are the more usual focus of immunological studies, such as activation-induced changes in gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation of transcription, post-translational modifications of proteins, cytokine secretion, etc. Here, we focus on metabolic reprogramming in mononuclear phagocytes downstream of stimulation with inflammatory signals (such as LPS and IFNγ) vs alternative activation signals (IL-4), with an emphasis on work on dendritic cells and macrophages from our laboratory, and related studies from others. We cover aspects of glycolysis and its branching pathways (glycogen synthesis, pentose phosphate, serine synthesis, hexose synthesis, and glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle), the tricarboxylic acid pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and mitochondrial biology. Although our understanding of the metabolism of mononuclear phagocytes has progressed significantly over the last 10 years, major challenges remain, including understanding the effects of tissue residence on metabolic programming related to cellular activation, and the translatability of findings from mouse to human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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12
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Jones AE, Divakaruni AS. Macrophage activation as an archetype of mitochondrial repurposing. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100838. [PMID: 31954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic organelles essential not only for energy transduction, but also a range of other functions such as biosynthesis, ion and metal homeostasis, maintenance of redox balance, and cell signaling. A hallmark example of how mitochondria can rebalance these processes to adjust cell function is observed in macrophages. These innate immune cells are responsible for a remarkable breadth of processes including pathogen elimination, antigen presentation, debris clearance, and wound healing. These diverse, polarized functions often include similarly disparate alterations in the metabolic phenotype associated with their execution. In this chapter, mitochondrial bioenergetics and signaling are viewed through the lens of macrophage polarization: both classical, pro-inflammatory activation and alternative, anti-inflammatory activation are associated with substantive changes to mitochondrial metabolism. Emphasis is placed on recent evidence that aims to clarify the essential - rather than associative - mitochondrial alterations, as well as accumulating data suggesting a degree of plasticity within the metabolic phenotypes that can support pro- and anti-inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Jones
- UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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13
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Bowman CE, Selen Alpergin ES, Cavagnini K, Smith DM, Scafidi S, Wolfgang MJ. Maternal Lipid Metabolism Directs Fetal Liver Programming following Nutrient Stress. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1299-1310.e3. [PMID: 31665641 PMCID: PMC6896898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme metabolic demands of pregnancy require coordinated metabolic adaptations between mother and fetus to balance fetal growth and maternal health with nutrient availability. To determine maternal and fetal contributions to metabolic flexibility during gestation, pregnant mice with genetic impairments in mitochondrial carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism were subjected to nutrient deprivation. The maternal fasting response initiates a fetal liver transcriptional program marked by upregulation of lipid- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparα)-regulated genes. Impaired maternal lipid metabolism alters circulating lipid metabolite concentrations and enhances the fetal response to fasting, which is largely dependent on fetal Pparα. Maternal fasting also improves metabolic deficits in fetal carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the availability of alternative substrates. Impairment of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnant dams further exacerbates the fetal liver transcriptional response to nutrient deprivation. Together, these data demonstrate a regulatory role for mitochondrial macronutrient metabolism in mediating maternal-fetal metabolic communication, particularly when nutrients are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E Bowman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen Alpergin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyle Cavagnini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Danielle M Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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ER-Mitochondria Communication in Cells of the Innate Immune System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091088. [PMID: 31540165 PMCID: PMC6770024 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cells the interorganelle communication comprises vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. Non-vesicular material transfer predominantly takes place at regions of close organelle apposition termed membrane contact sites and is facilitated by a growing number of specialized proteins. Contacts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are now recognized to be essential for diverse biological processes such as calcium homeostasis, phospholipid biosynthesis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition to these universal roles, ER-mitochondria communication serves also cell type-specific functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on ER-mitochondria contacts in cells of the innate immune system, especially in macrophages. We discuss ER- mitochondria communication in the context of macrophage fatty acid metabolism linked to inflammatory and ER stress responses, its roles in apoptotic cell engulfment, activation of the inflammasome, and antiviral defense.
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15
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Chang HR, Josefs T, Scerbo D, Gumaste N, Hu Y, Huggins LA, Barrett TJ, Chiang SS, Grossman J, Bagdasarov S, Fisher EA, Goldberg IJ. Role of LpL (Lipoprotein Lipase) in Macrophage Polarization In Vitro and In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1967-1985. [PMID: 31434492 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acid uptake and oxidation characterize the metabolism of alternatively activated macrophage polarization in vitro, but the in vivo biology is less clear. We assessed the roles of LpL (lipoprotein lipase)-mediated lipid uptake in macrophage polarization in vitro and in several important tissues in vivo. Approach and Results: We created mice with both global and myeloid-cell specific LpL deficiency. LpL deficiency in the presence of VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins) altered gene expression of bone marrow-derived macrophages and led to reduced lipid uptake but an increase in some anti- and some proinflammatory markers. However, LpL deficiency did not alter lipid accumulation or gene expression in circulating monocytes nor did it change the ratio of Ly6Chigh/Ly6Clow. In adipose tissue, less macrophage lipid accumulation was found with global but not myeloid-specific LpL deficiency. Neither deletion affected the expression of inflammatory genes. Global LpL deficiency also reduced the numbers of elicited peritoneal macrophages. Finally, we assessed gene expression in macrophages from atherosclerotic lesions during regression; LpL deficiency did not affect the polarity of plaque macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic changes observed in macrophages upon deletion of Lpl in vitro is not mimicked in tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Chang
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Tatjana Josefs
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.J., T.J.B., EA.F.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Diego Scerbo
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Namrata Gumaste
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Yunying Hu
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Lesley-Ann Huggins
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.J., T.J.B., EA.F.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Stephanie S Chiang
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jennifer Grossman
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Svetlana Bagdasarov
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.J., T.J.B., EA.F.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (H.R.C., D.S., N.G., Y.H., L.-A.H., S.S.C., J.G., S.B., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine, New York
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16
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Puchalska P, Martin SE, Huang X, Lengfeld JE, Daniel B, Graham MJ, Han X, Nagy L, Patti GJ, Crawford PA. Hepatocyte-Macrophage Acetoacetate Shuttle Protects against Tissue Fibrosis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:383-398.e7. [PMID: 30449686 PMCID: PMC6559243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity has been linked to polarized macrophage function, but mechanisms connecting specific fuels to tissue macrophage function remain unresolved. Here we apply a stable isotope tracing, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach to reveal the metabolome penetrated by hepatocyte-derived glucose and ketone bodies. In both classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, [13C]acetoacetate (AcAc) labeled ∼200 chemical features, but its reduced form D-[13C]β-hydroxybutyrate (D-βOHB) labeled almost none. [13C]glucose labeled ∼500 features, and while unlabeled AcAc competed with only ∼15% of them, the vast majority required the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-coenzyme A-oxoacid transferase (SCOT). AcAc carbon labeled metabolites within the cytoplasmic glycosaminoglycan pathway, which regulates tissue fibrogenesis. Accordingly, livers of mice lacking SCOT in macrophages were predisposed to accelerated fibrogenesis. Exogenous AcAc, but not D-βOHB, ameliorated diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. These data support a hepatocyte-macrophage ketone shuttle that segregates AcAc from D-βOHB, coordinating the fibrogenic response to hepatic injury via mitochondrial metabolism in tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shannon E Martin
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin E Lengfeld
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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17
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Nomura M, Liu J, Yu ZX, Yamazaki T, Yan Y, Kawagishi H, Rovira II, Liu C, Wolfgang MJ, Mukouyama YS, Finkel T. Macrophage fatty acid oxidation inhibits atherosclerosis progression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:270-276. [PMID: 30639412 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disorder of the vessel wall. One key regulator of disease progression is lipid handling in macrophages. However, the role of macrophage mitochondrial-dependent fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in atherosclerosis is not well defined. To address this, we focused on carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 and 2, which play an essential role in the transport of long chain fatty acids (FAs) into the mitochondria. Using conditional alleles of these mitochondrial enzymes, we have generated myeloid-specific Cpt1a and Cpt2 knockout mutants (CPT1a M-KO and CPT2 M-KO). In culture, macrophages derived from CPT1a and CPT2 M-KO mice have impaired FAO, enhanced expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor, increased uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and augmented transformation into cholesterol-rich foam cells. In line with these in vitro observations, in the atherosclerosis-susceptible apolipoprotein E (ApoE) KO background, CPT2 M-KO mice demonstrated augmented atherosclerosis, accompanied by increased accumulation of aortic macrophages with elevated CD36 expression. These data suggest that macrophage FAO is athero-protective and that augmenting FAO may potentially slow atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Nomura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- NIH, Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Ye Yan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- NIH, Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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18
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Puchalska P, Huang X, Martin SE, Han X, Patti GJ, Crawford PA. Isotope Tracing Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Macrophage Polarization-State-Specific Metabolic Coordination across Intracellular Compartments. iScience 2018; 9:298-313. [PMID: 30448730 PMCID: PMC6240706 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply stable isotope tracing, mass-spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, to reveal the biochemical space labeled by 13C-substrates in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. At the pathway level, classically (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-polarized, M1) and alternatively (interleukin [IL]-4-polarized, M2) polarized macrophages were 13C-labeled with surprising concordance. Total pools of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an intermediate in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, were equally abundant in LPS- and IL-4-polarized macrophages. Informatic scrutiny of 13C-isotopologues revealed that LPS-polarized macrophages leverage the pentose phosphate pathway to generate UDP-GlcNAc, whereas IL-4-polarized macrophages rely on intact glucose and mitochondrial metabolism of glucose carbon. Labeling from [13C]glucose is competed by unlabeled fatty acids and acetoacetate, underscoring the broad roles for substrate metabolism beyond energy conversion. Finally, the LPS-polarized macrophage metabolite itaconate is imported into IL-4-polarized macrophages, in which it reprograms [13C]glucose metabolism. Thus, use of fully unsupervised isotope tracing metabolomics in macrophages reveals polarization-state-specific metabolic pathway connectivity, substrate competition, and metabolite allocation among cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shannon E Martin
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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19
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism in Neuroinflammation: Towards a Therapy for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:838-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Divakaruni AS, Hsieh WY, Minarrieta L, Duong TN, Kim KKO, Desousa BR, Andreyev AY, Bowman CE, Caradonna K, Dranka BP, Ferrick DA, Liesa M, Stiles L, Rogers GW, Braas D, Ciaraldi TP, Wolfgang MJ, Sparwasser T, Berod L, Bensinger SJ, Murphy AN. Etomoxir Inhibits Macrophage Polarization by Disrupting CoA Homeostasis. Cell Metab 2018; 28:490-503.e7. [PMID: 30043752 PMCID: PMC6125190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation has been shown to play an important role in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-mediated macrophage polarization (M(IL-4)). However, many of these conclusions are based on the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 with high concentrations of etomoxir that far exceed what is required to inhibit enzyme activity (EC90 < 3 μM). We employ genetic and pharmacologic models to demonstrate that LCFA oxidation is largely dispensable for IL-4-driven polarization. Unexpectedly, high concentrations of etomoxir retained the ability to disrupt M(IL-4) polarization in the absence of Cpt1a or Cpt2 expression. Although excess etomoxir inhibits the adenine nucleotide translocase, oxidative phosphorylation is surprisingly dispensable for M(IL-4). Instead, the block in polarization was traced to depletion of intracellular free coenzyme A (CoA), likely resulting from conversion of the pro-drug etomoxir into active etomoxiryl CoA. These studies help explain the effect(s) of excess etomoxir on immune cells and reveal an unappreciated role for CoA metabolism in macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Wei Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lucía Minarrieta
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tin N Duong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristen K O Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Y Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Caitlyn E Bowman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kacey Caradonna
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Brian P Dranka
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - David A Ferrick
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - George W Rogers
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Nelson VL, Nguyen HCB, Garcìa-Cañaveras JC, Briggs ER, Ho WY, DiSpirito JR, Marinis JM, Hill DA, Lazar MA. PPARγ is a nexus controlling alternative activation of macrophages via glutamine metabolism. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1035-1044. [PMID: 30006480 PMCID: PMC6075146 DOI: 10.1101/gad.312355.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is known to regulate lipid metabolism in many tissues, including macrophages. Here we report that peritoneal macrophage respiration is enhanced by rosiglitazone, an activating PPARγ ligand, in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Moreover, PPARγ is required for macrophage respiration even in the absence of exogenous ligand. Unexpectedly, the absence of PPARγ dramatically affects the oxidation of glutamine. Both glutamine and PPARγ have been implicated in alternative activation (AA) of macrophages, and PPARγ was required for interleukin 4 (IL4)-dependent gene expression and stimulation of macrophage respiration. Indeed, unstimulated macrophages lacking PPARγ contained elevated levels of the inflammation-associated metabolite itaconate and express a proinflammatory transcriptome that, remarkably, phenocopied that of macrophages depleted of glutamine. Thus, PPARγ functions as a checkpoint, guarding against inflammation, and is permissive for AA by facilitating glutamine metabolism. However, PPARγ expression is itself markedly increased by IL4. This suggests that PPARγ functions at the center of a feed-forward loop that is central to AA of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Nelson
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hoang C B Nguyen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Juan C Garcìa-Cañaveras
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Erika R Briggs
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wesley Y Ho
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joanna R DiSpirito
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jill M Marinis
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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Benmoussa K, Garaude J, Acín-Pérez R. How Mitochondrial Metabolism Contributes to Macrophage Phenotype and Functions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3906-3921. [PMID: 30006265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cells from the innate immune system is one of the most noteworthy topics in immunological research nowadays. Upon infection or tissue damage, innate immune cells, such as macrophages, mobilize various immune and metabolic signals to mount a response best suited to eradicate the threat. Current data indicate that both the immune and metabolic responses are closely interconnected. On account of its peculiar position in regulating both of these processes, the mitochondrion has emerged as a critical organelle that orchestrates the coordinated metabolic and immune adaptations in macrophages. Significant effort is now underway to understand how metabolic features of differentiated macrophages regulate their immune specificities with the eventual goal to manipulate cellular metabolism to control immunity. In this review, we highlight some of the recent work that place cellular and mitochondrial metabolism in a central position in the macrophage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaddouj Benmoussa
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan Garaude
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- UCLA Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 27-200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernandez de Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Stüve P, Minarrieta L, Erdmann H, Arnold-Schrauf C, Swallow M, Guderian M, Krull F, Hölscher A, Ghorbani P, Behrends J, Abraham WR, Hölscher C, Sparwasser TD, Berod L. De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis During Mycobacterial Infection Is a Prerequisite for the Function of Highly Proliferative T Cells, But Not for Dendritic Cells or Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:495. [PMID: 29675017 PMCID: PMC5895737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis, is able to efficiently manipulate the host immune system establishing chronic infection, yet the underlying mechanisms of immune evasion are not fully understood. Evidence suggests that this pathogen interferes with host cell lipid metabolism to ensure its persistence. Fatty acid metabolism is regulated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and 2; both isoforms catalyze the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA, but have distinct roles. ACC1 is located in the cytosol, where it regulates de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS), while ACC2 is associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, regulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). In macrophages, mycobacteria induce metabolic changes that lead to the cytosolic accumulation of lipids. This reprogramming impairs macrophage activation and contributes to chronic infection. In dendritic cells (DCs), FAS has been suggested to underlie optimal cytokine production and antigen presentation, but little is known about the metabolic changes occurring in DCs upon mycobacterial infection and how they affect the outcome of the immune response. We therefore determined the role of fatty acid metabolism in myeloid cells and T cells during Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Mtb infection, using novel genetic mouse models that allow cell-specific deletion of ACC1 and ACC2 in DCs, macrophages, or T cells. Our results demonstrate that de novo FAS is induced in DCs and macrophages upon M. bovis BCG infection. However, ACC1 expression in DCs and macrophages is not required to control mycobacteria. Similarly, absence of ACC2 did not influence the ability of DCs and macrophages to cope with infection. Furthermore, deletion of ACC1 in DCs or macrophages had no effect on systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine production or T cell priming, suggesting that FAS is dispensable for an intact innate response against mycobacteria. In contrast, mice with a deletion of ACC1 specifically in T cells fail to generate efficient T helper 1 responses and succumb early to Mtb infection. In summary, our results reveal ACC1-dependent FAS as a crucial mechanism in T cells, but not DCs or macrophages, to fight against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stüve
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucía Minarrieta
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hanna Erdmann
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Guderian
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Freyja Krull
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Department of Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Tim D Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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24
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Mao C, Sun M, Dominah G, Chen L, Zhuang Z. Fatty acid oxidation contributes to IL-1β secretion in M2 macrophages and promotes macrophage-mediated tumor cell migration. Mol Immunol 2017; 94:27-35. [PMID: 29248877 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are predominantly M2 phenotype in solid cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Though differentiation of M2 macrophages has been recently linked to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), whether FAO plays a role in functional maintenance of M2 macrophages is still unclear. Here, we used an in vitro model to mimic TAM-HCC interaction in tumor microenvironment. We found that M2 monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells through an FAO-dependent way. Further investigations identified that IL-1β mediated the pro-migratory effect of M2 MDM. Using etomoxir and siRNA to inhibit FAO and palmitate to enhance FAO, we showed that FAO was responsible for the up-regulated secretion of IL-1β and, thus, the pro-migratory effect in M2 MDMs. In addition, we proved that IL-1β induction was reactive oxygen species and NLRP3-dependent. Our study demonstrates that FAO plays a key role in functional human M2 macrophages by enhancing IL-1β secretion to promote HCC cell migration. These findings provide evidence for different dependency of energy sources in macrophages with distinct phenotypes and functions, and suggest a novel strategy to treat HCC by reprogramming cell metabolism or modulating tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell Sun
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gifty Dominah
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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25
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Gonzalez-Hurtado E, Lee J, Choi J, Wolfgang MJ. Fatty acid oxidation is required for active and quiescent brown adipose tissue maintenance and thermogenic programing. Mol Metab 2017; 7:45-56. [PMID: 29175051 PMCID: PMC5784326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of fatty acid oxidation on the cellular, molecular, and physiologic response of brown adipose tissue to disparate paradigms of chronic thermogenic stimulation. METHODS Mice with an adipose-specific loss of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2A-/-), that lack mitochondrial long chain fatty acid β-oxidation, were subjected to environmental and pharmacologic interventions known to promote thermogenic programming in adipose tissue. RESULTS Chronic administration of β3-adrenergic (CL-316243) or thyroid hormone (GC-1) agonists induced a loss of BAT morphology and UCP1 expression in Cpt2A-/- mice. Fatty acid oxidation was also required for the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and the induction of UCP1 in WAT. In contrast, chronic cold (15 °C) stimulation induced UCP1 and thermogenic programming in both control and Cpt2A-/- adipose tissue albeit to a lesser extent in Cpt2A-/- mice. However, thermoneutral housing also induced the loss of UCP1 and BAT morphology in Cpt2A-/- mice. Therefore, adipose fatty acid oxidation is required for both the acute agonist-induced activation of BAT and the maintenance of quiescent BAT. Consistent with this data, Cpt2A-/- BAT exhibited increased macrophage infiltration, inflammation and fibrosis irrespective of BAT activation. Finally, obese Cpt2A-/- mice housed at thermoneutrality exhibited a loss of interscapular BAT and were refractory to β3-adrenergic-induced energy expenditure and weight loss. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial long chain fatty acid β-oxidation is critical for the maintenance of the brown adipocyte phenotype both during times of activation and quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Gonzalez-Hurtado
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.
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26
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Thomas C, Ménégaut L, Masson D. Fatty acids and macrophage functions: an update. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28:443-444. [PMID: 28857859 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Thomas
- aLipSTIC LabEx, LNC UMR866, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté bLaboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Dijon, France
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27
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Lee J, Choi J, Selen Alpergin ES, Zhao L, Hartung T, Scafidi S, Riddle RC, Wolfgang MJ. Loss of Hepatic Mitochondrial Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Confers Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance. Cell Rep 2017; 20:655-667. [PMID: 28723568 PMCID: PMC5546239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has a large capacity for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which is critical for systemic metabolic adaptations such as gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. To understand the role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in response to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD), we generated mice with a liver-specific deficiency of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (Cpt2L-/- mice). Paradoxically, Cpt2L-/- mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance with an absence of liver damage, although they exhibited serum dyslipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress, and systemic carnitine deficiency. Feeding an HFD induced hepatokines in mice, with a loss of hepatic fatty acid oxidation that enhanced systemic energy expenditure and suppressed adiposity. Additionally, the suppression in hepatic gluconeogenesis was sufficient to improve HFD-induced glucose intolerance. These data show that inhibiting hepatic fatty acid oxidation results in a systemic hormetic response that protects mice from HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen Alpergin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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