1
|
Souza-Tavares H, Santana-Oliveira DA, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Silva-Veiga FM, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Exercise enhances hepatic mitochondrial structure and function while preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2024; 126:180-192. [PMID: 38759501 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has attracted increasing attention from the scientific community because of its severe but silent progression and the lack of specific treatment. Glucolipotoxicity triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with decreased beta-oxidation and enhanced lipogenesis, promoting the onset of MASLD, whereas regular physical exercise can prevent MASLD by preserving ER and mitochondrial function. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) could prevent the development of MASLD in high-fat (HF)-fed C57BL/6J mice by maintaining insulin sensitivity, preventing ER stress, and promoting beta-oxidation. Forty male C57BL/6J mice (3 months old) comprised 4 experimental groups: the control (C) diet group, the C diet + HIIT (C-HIIT) group, the HF diet group, and the HF diet + HIIT (HF-HIIT) group. HIIT sessions lasted 12 minutes and were performed 3 times weekly by trained mice. The diet and exercise protocols lasted for 10 weeks. The HIIT protocol prevented weight gain and maintained insulin sensitivity in the HF-HIIT group. A chronic HF diet increased ER stress-related gene and protein expression, but HIIT helped to maintain ER homeostasis, preserve mitochondrial ultrastructure, and maximize beta-oxidation. The increased sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha expression implies that HIIT enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and yielded adequate mitochondrial dynamics. High hepatic fibronectin type III domain containing 5/irisin agreed with the antilipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects observed in the HF-HIIT group, reinforcing the antisteatotic effects of HIIT. Thus, we confirmed that practicing HIIT 3 times per week maintained insulin sensitivity, prevented ER stress, and enhanced hepatic beta-oxidation, impeding MASLD development in this mouse model even when consuming high energy intake from saturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Souza-Tavares
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liepinsh E, Zvejniece L, Clemensson L, Ozola M, Vavers E, Cirule H, Korzh S, Skuja S, Groma V, Briviba M, Grinberga S, Liu W, Olszewski P, Gentreau M, Fredriksson R, Dambrova M, Schiöth HB. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity is essential for mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids to prevent lethal accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in the mouse liver. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38641905 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), and exert adverse effects on mitochondrial function, although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We used a tamoxifen-induced Hmgcr-knockout (KO) mouse model, a multi-omics approach and mitochondrial function assessments to investigate whether decreased HMGCR activity impacts key liver energy metabolism pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a new mouse strain using the Cre/loxP system, which enabled whole-body deletion of Hmgcr expression. These mice were crossed with Rosa26Cre mice and treated with tamoxifen to delete Hmgcr in all cells. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and thus evaluated time-dependent changes in metabolic functions to identify the pathways leading to cell death in Hmgcr-KO mice. KEY RESULTS Lack of Hmgcr expression resulted in lethality, due to acute liver damage caused by rapid disruption of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and very high accumulation of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines in both male and female mice. Gene expression and KO-related phenotype changes were not observed in other tissues. The progression to liver failure was driven by diminished peroxisome formation, which resulted in impaired mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism, enhanced glucose utilization and whole-body hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that HMGCR is crucial for maintaining energy metabolism balance, and its activity is necessary for functional mitochondrial β-oxidation. Moreover, statin-induced adverse reactions might be rescued by the prevention of LC acylcarnitine accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Melita Ozola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Monta Briviba
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Wen Liu
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinha S, Hassan N, Schwartz RE. Organelle stress and alterations in interorganelle crosstalk during liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2024; 79:482-501. [PMID: 36626634 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synchronous functioning and quality control of organelles ensure cell survival and function and are essential for maintaining homeostasis. Prolonged exposure to stressors (viruses, bacteria, parasitic infections, alcohol, drugs) or genetic mutations often disrupt the functional integrity of organelles which plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of several diseases including chronic liver diseases. One of the most important pathologic consequences of chronic liver diseases is liver fibrosis, characterized by tissue scarring due to the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Left untreated, fibrosis may advance to life-threatening complications such as cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and HCC, which collectively accounts for ∼1 million deaths per year worldwide. Owing to the lack of treatment options that can regress or reverse cirrhosis, liver transplantation is currently the only available treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, the limited supply of usable donor organs, adverse effects of lifelong immunosuppressive regimes, and financial considerations pose major challenges and limit its application. Hence, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. An improved understanding of the organelle-level regulation of fibrosis can help devise effective antifibrotic therapies focused on reducing organelle stress, limiting organelle damage, improving interorganelle crosstalk, and restoring organelle homeostasis; and could be a potential clinical option to avoid transplantation. This review provides a timely update on the recent findings and mechanisms covering organelle-specific dysfunctions in liver fibrosis, highlights how correction of organelle functions opens new treatment avenues and discusses the potential challenges to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Souza-Tavares H, Miranda CS, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Sandoval C, Santana-Oliveira DA, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat metabolic diseases: Focus on the adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4136-4155. [PMID: 37475842 PMCID: PMC10354577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing reflections of the intersection of two pandemics: Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 worldwide, representing substantial public health costs due to its comorbidities. The adipose tissue is the initial site of obesity impairments. During excessive energy intake, it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy until overt inflammation and insulin resistance turn adipocytes into dysfunctional cells that send lipotoxic signals to other organs. The pancreas is one of the organs most affected by obesity. Once lipotoxicity becomes chronic, there is an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, a surrogate for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These alterations threaten the survival of the pancreatic islets, which tend to become dysfunctional, reaching exhaustion in the long term. As for the liver, lipotoxicity favors lipogenesis and impairs beta-oxidation, resulting in hepatic steatosis. This silent disease affects around 30% of the worldwide population and can evolve into end-stage liver disease. Although therapy for hepatic steatosis remains to be defined, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation copes with T2DM management. Peroxisome PPARs are transcription factors found at the intersection of several metabolic pathways, leading to insulin resistance relief, improved thermogenesis, and expressive hepatic steatosis mitigation by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This review aimed to update the potential of PPAR agonists as targets to treat metabolic diseases, focusing on adipose tissue plasticity and hepatic and pancreatic remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Department of Anatomy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naringenin inhibits lipid accumulation by activating the AMPK pathway in vivo and vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Thorpe HHA, Baptista DB, Teixeira GR. Physical exercise regulates apoptosis and prostatic inflammatory effects induced by high-fat diet in PPAR-alpha deleted mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106669. [PMID: 35963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and develops inflammation, causing dysregulation of energy metabolism and prostatic neoplastic tissue changes. PPARɑ deletion leads to loss of homeostasis between the pro and anti-inflammatory response, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism, causing changes in different physiological processes and damage to the prostate. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological tool to improve energy metabolism and cellular metabolism in the prostate, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. the current study aimed to evaluate PPARα as a possible regulator of the protective effects of aerobic physical exercise in the prostate by examining prostatic alterations in wild-type and PPARα deletion mice fed a standard diet or an HFD. Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were fed a standard or HFD diet for 12 weeks, and submitted to aerobic physical exercise for 8 weeks. The HFD promoted the increase of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB, and an increase of inflammatory foci in animals in both genotypes. Although the PPARα deletion animals submitted to the aerobic physical exercise were not able to regulate response pro-inflammatory, but promoted an increase in IL-10 in the prostate. In animals WT, the aerobic physical exercise, reduced all inflammatory markers, improve the inflammatory response, and showed a higher expression of BAX and IL-10 proteins was protective against prostatic tissue lesions. Suggested that PPARα deletion associated with HFD suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostate. On other hand, aerobic physical exercise improves prostatic tissue by increasing the response to anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Bianchini Baptista
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahmoudi A, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Impact of fenofibrate on NAFLD/NASH: A genetic perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2363-2372. [PMID: 35569762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), caused by an accumulation of fat deposits in hepatocytes, prevalently affects at least one-third of the world's population. The progression of this disorder can potentially include a spectrum of consecutive stages, specifically: steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Fenofibrate exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy for NAFLD owing to several properties, which include antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity. In the present review, we discuss the direct or indirect impact of fenofibrate on genes involved at various stages in the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, we have reviewed studies that compare fenofibrate with other drugs in treating NAFLD, as well as recent clinical trials, in an attempt to identify reliable scientific and clinical evidence concerning the therapeutic effects and benefits of fenofibrate on NAFLD. Teaser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie L, Wen K, Li Q, Huang CC, Zhao JL, Zhao QH, Xiao YF, Guan XH, Qian YS, Gan L, Wang LF, Deng KY, Xin HB. CD38 Deficiency Protects Mice from High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Activating NAD +/Sirtuins Signaling Pathways-Mediated Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4305-4315. [PMID: 34803499 PMCID: PMC8579443 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. CD38 was initially identified as a lymphocyte surface antigen and then has been found to exist in a variety of cell types. Our previous studies showed that CD38-/- mice were resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, the role and mechanism of CD38 in HFD-induced NAFLD is still unclear. Here, we reported that CD38-/- mice significantly alleviated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. HFD or oleic acid (OA) remarkably increased the mRNA and protein expressions of CD38 in mouse hepatic tissues and primary hepatocytes or hepatic cell lines in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that CD38 might play a role in HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. We observed that CD38 deficiency markedly decreased HFD- or OA-induced the lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in CD38-/- livers or primary hepatocytes, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of CD38 in Hep1-6 cells aggravated OA-induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, CD38 deficiency markedly inhibited HFD- or OA-induced the expressions of NOX4, and increased the expression of PPARα, CPT1, ACOX1 and SOD2 in liver tissue and hepatocytes from CD38-/- mice, indicating that CD38 deficiency-mediated the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation and the inhibition of oxidative stress contributed to protecting NAFLD. More importantly, Ex527 (Sirt1 inhibitor) and 3-TYP (Sirt3 inhibitor) significantly enhanced OA-induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in CD38-/- primary hepatocytes, suggesting that the anti-lipid accumulation of CD38 deficiency might be dependent on NAD/Sirtuins-mediated enhancement of FAA β-oxidation and suppression of oxidative stress in hepatocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CD38 deficiency protected mice from HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing lipid accumulation and suppressing oxidative stress via activating NAD/Sirtuins signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Cong-Cong Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Jia-Le Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Qi-Hang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Yun-Fei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Yi-Song Qian
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Fang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar S, Duan Q, Wu R, Harris EN, Su Q. Pathophysiological communication between hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in liver injury from NAFLD to liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113869. [PMID: 34280515 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease that encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis/cirrhosis which can further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. The progression of NAFL to NASH and liver fibrosis is closely associated with a series of liver injury resulting from lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, redox imbalance (excessive nitric oxide), ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis that occur sequentially in different liver cells which ultimately leads to the activation of liver regeneration and fibrogenesis, augmenting collagen and extracellular matrix deposition and promoting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor in NAFLD development by accelerating liver damage. Here, we overview recent findings from human study and animal models on the pathophysiological communication among hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) during the disease development. The mechanisms of crucial signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptor, TGFβ and hedgehog mediated hepatic injury are also discussed. We further highlight the potentials of precisely targeting hepatic individual cell-type using nanotechnology as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li P, Chen X, Dong M, Luo J, Lu S, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Jiang H. Gut inflammation exacerbates high-fat diet induced steatosis by suppressing VLDL-TG secretion through HNF4α pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:459-469. [PMID: 34186207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly identified in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with unclear etiology. In the current study we assessed the contribution of colonic inflammation to NAFLD development and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model for IBD. Our results showed that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut colitis directly led to hepatic inflammation, injury and further exacerbated hepatic steatosis caused by high fat diet (HF) feeding. The essential genes assessment, hepatic metabolic analysis and triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) secretion assays revealed a higher β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) but impaired VLDL-TG secretion in liver of DSS-treated mice. Disruption of the intestinal barrier by DSS promoted liver inflammation, which strongly suppressed hepatic VLDL-TG secretion and further aggravated HF-induced VLDL-TG secretion impairment through down-regulation of apolipoprotein B (APOB), hence promoting the storage of triglycerides (TG) in the liver. Inflammation induced by mixed proinflammatory cytokines or LPS obviously inhibited the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and APOB expression and subsequently increased TG content via the suppression of HNF4α in mouse primary hepatocytes. In addition, the downregulation of MTP and APOB by proinflammatory cytokines was also rescued through activating Hnf4α by cortisol. Altogether, our results demonstrated that chronic inflammation exacerbated hepatic steatosis by inhibiting the secreting of hepatic VLDL-TG through HNF4α pathway, suggesting that restoring hepatic VLDL-TG secretion may be a novel strategy for treatment of NAFLD in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minlei Dong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqiong Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee JH, Han JH, Joe EH, Jou I. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) aggravates ER stress in Parkinson's disease-linked LRRK2 mutant astrocyte by regulating XBP1 SUMOylation. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:51. [PMID: 34229656 PMCID: PMC8261914 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and several PD-related genes are responsible for ER dysfunction. Recent studies suggested LRRK2-G2019S, a pathogenic mutation in the PD-associated gene LRRK2, cause ER dysfunction, and could thereby contribute to the development of PD. It remains unclear, however, how mutant LRRK2 influence ER stress to control cellular outcome. In this study, we identified the mechanism by which LRRK2-G2019S accelerates ER stress and cell death in astrocytes. Methods To investigate changes in ER stress response genes, we treated LRRK2-wild type and LRRK2-G2019S astrocytes with tunicamycin, an ER stress-inducing agent, and performed gene expression profiling with microarrays. The XBP1 SUMOylation and PIAS1 ubiquitination were performed using immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of astrocyte to neuronal survival were assessed by astrocytes-neuron coculture and slice culture systems. To provide in vivo proof-of-concept of our approach, we measured ER stress response in mouse brain. Results Microarray gene expression profiling revealed that LRRK2-G2019S decreased signaling through XBP1, a key transcription factor of the ER stress response, while increasing the apoptotic ER stress response typified by PERK signaling. In LRRK2-G2019S astrocytes, the transcriptional activity of XBP1 was decreased by PIAS1-mediated SUMOylation. Intriguingly, LRRK2-GS stabilized PIAS1 by increasing the level of small heterodimer partner (SHP), a negative regulator of PIAS1 degradation, thereby promoting XBP1 SUMOylation. When SHP was depleted, XBP1 SUMOylation and cell death were reduced. In addition, we identified agents that can disrupt SHP-mediated XBP1 SUMOylation and may therefore have therapeutic activity in PD caused by the LRRK2-G2019S mutation. Conclusion Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving XBP1 in LRRK2-G2019S mutant astrocytes, and highlight the importance of the SHP/PIAS1/XBP1 axis in PD models. These findings provide important insight into the basis of the correlation between mutant LRRK2 and pathophysiological ER stress in PD, and suggest a plausible model that explains this connection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00747-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-721, South Korea.,Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-721, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-721, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-721, South Korea. .,Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao X, Wang M, Liu J, Su X. Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1 and Inositol-Requiring Protein 1 α Determine the Efficiency of Oleic Acid in Alleviating Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Insulin Resistance. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1349-1363. [PMID: 34446138 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), their metabolic impact and mechanisms of action have not been well studied. Exposure to SiNPs induces insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). It has been well established that stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1) and its major product oleic acid elicited beneficial effects in restoring ER homeostasis. However, the potential coordination of SCD1 and IRE1α in determining SiNP regulation of insulin signaling is unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of SCD1 and oleic acid on IR induced by SiNPs or thapsigargin in hepatocytes. SCD1 overexpression or oleic acid efficiently reversed SiNP-induced ER stress and IR, whereas the effects of thapsigargin treatment could not be restored. Thapsigargin diminished SCD1 protein levels, leading to the accumulation of IRE1α and sustained activation of the IRE1α/JNK pathway. Moreover, knockdown of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) upstream of SCD1 suppressed SiNP-induced SCD1 expression, rescued the activated IRE1α, and inhibited insulin signaling but was not able to restore the effects of thapsigargin. Collectively, downregulation of SCD1 and excess accumulation of IRE1α protein prevented the beneficial effects of exogenous oleic acid on IR induced by ER stress. Our results provide valuable mechanistic insights into the synergic regulation of IR by SiNPs and ER stress and suggest a combinational strategy to restore ER homeostasis by targeting SCD1 and IRE1α proteins, as well as supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Veronesi VB, Pioli MR, de Souza DN, Teixeira CJ, Murata GM, Santos-Silva JC, Hecht FB, Vicente JM, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Agomelatine reduces circulating triacylglycerides and hepatic steatosis in fructose-treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111807. [PMID: 34120066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant drug with agonistic activity at melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and MT2 and with neutral antagonistic activity at serotonin receptor 5-HT2C. Although experimental studies show that melatonin reduces hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by excessive fructose intake, no studies have tested if AGO exerts similar actions. To address this issue we have treated male Wistar rats with fructose (15% in the drinking water) and/or AGO (40 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. AGO reduced body weight gain, feeding efficiency and hepatic lipid levels without affecting caloric intake in fructose-treated rats. AGO has also decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and circulating TAG levels after an oral load with olive oil. Accordingly, treatment with AGO reduced the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn), a limiting step for hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNLG). The expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) in the ileum, two crucial proteins for intestinal lipoprotein production, were also downregulated by treatment with AGO. Altogether, the present data show that AGO mimics the metabolic benefits of melatonin when used in fructose-treated rats. This study also suggests that it is relevant to evaluate the potential of AGO to treat metabolic disorders in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barbosa Veronesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Pioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dailson Nogueira de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Carolina Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ballerini Hecht
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Modesto Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Song Y, Wu Y, Kumar V, Mahato RI, Su Q. Activation of dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase R by miR-378 Sustains Metabolic Inflammation in Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2021; 70:710-719. [PMID: 33419758 PMCID: PMC7897349 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that regulate various pathophysiological cellular processes. Here, we report that expression of the miR-378 family was significantly induced by metabolic inflammatory inducers, a high-fructose diet, and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Hepatic miRNA profiling revealed that expression of miR-378a was highly upregulated, which, in turn, targeted the 3'-untranslated region of PPARα mRNA, impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and induced mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. More importantly, the upregulated miR-378a can directly bind to and activate the double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) to sustain the metabolic stress. In vivo, genetic depletion of miR-378a prevented PKR activation and ameliorated inflammatory stress and insulin resistance. Counterbalancing the upregulated miR-378a using nanoparticles encapsulated with an anti-miR-378a oligonucleotide restored PPARα activity, inhibited PKR activation and ER stress, and improved insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed mice. Our study delineated a novel mechanism of miR-378a in the pathogenesis of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance through targeting metabolic signaling at both mRNA (e.g., PPARα) and protein (e.g., PKR) molecules. This novel finding of functional interaction between miRNAs (e.g., miR-378a) and cellular RNA binding proteins (e.g., PKR) is biologically significant because it greatly broadens the potential targets of miRNAs in cellular pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Yongyan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K.
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hwang S, Yun H, Moon S, Cho YE, Gao B. Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:751802. [PMID: 34707573 PMCID: PMC8542869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.751802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver disorders, from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with fatty liver, NASH is characterized by increased liver injury and inflammation, in which liver-infiltrating immune cells, with neutrophil infiltration as a hallmark of NASH, play a critical role in promoting the progression of fatty liver to NASH. Neutrophils are the first responders to injury and infection in various tissues, establishing the first line of defense through multiple mechanisms such as phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species production, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of NASH remain obscure. The current review summarizes the roles of neutrophils that facilitate the progression of fatty liver to NASH and their involvement in inflammation resolution during NASH pathogenesis. The notion that neutrophils are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NASH is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungwon Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Lv H, Jiang Z, Qiao F, Chen L, Zhang M, Du Z. Peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor α‐b deficiency induces the reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in zebrafish. J Physiol 2020; 598:4537-4553. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Yu Li
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Hong‐Bo Lv
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Zhe‐Yue Jiang
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Li‐Qiao Chen
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Mei‐Ling Zhang
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Zhen‐Yu Du
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062061. [PMID: 32192216 PMCID: PMC7139552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei D, Liao L, Wang H, Zhang W, Wang T, Xu Z. Canagliflozin ameliorates obesity by improving mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation via PPARα in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2020; 247:117414. [PMID: 32035928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to significantly reduce body weight. This study investigated whether SGLT2 inhibitors directly affect adipose tissues and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with canagliflozin for 14 weeks. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with canagliflozin. Metabolic parameters were measured. KEY FINDINGS Canagliflozin reduced body weight, fat mass, and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and inhibited adipocyte hypertrophy. Canagliflozin improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders induced by HFD. Furthermore, canagliflozin treatment reversed the suppressed mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, tfam and CPT1b, which are markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, function and fatty acid oxidation in mice with obesity. In vitro, canagliflozin increased mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA and upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, tfam, COX5b, COX8b, Atp5o, and CPT1b mRNA and PGC-1α, NRF1, tfam, COX5b, CPT1b protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, while these increases were inhibited by GW6471, a PPARα antagonist. SIGNIFICANCE Our study showed that canagliflozin protected against HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders by improving mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue and adipocytes. Such energy-dissipating effects of canagliflozin may be mediated by PPARα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Miranda RA, Souza AFP, Cordeiro A, Woyames J, Andrade CBV, Atella GC, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Differentiated Hepatic Response to Fructose Intake during Adolescence Reveals the Increased Susceptibility to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Maternal High-Fat Diet Male Rat Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900838. [PMID: 31916388 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adolescents has been related to fructose intake. Additionally, maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) increases the offspring susceptibility to NAFLD at adulthood. Here, it is hypothesized that mHFD may exacerbate the fructose impact in adolescent male rat offspring, by changing the response of contributing mechanisms to liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Wistar rats receive standard (mSTD: 9% fat) or high-fat diet (mHFD: 29% fat) prior mating throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring receive standard chow and, from the 25th to 45th day, receive water or fructose-drinking water (15%). At 46 days old, fructose groups show increased adiposity, increased serum and hepatic triglycerides, regardless of maternal diet. Fructose aggravates the hepatic imbalance of redox state already exhibited by mHFD offspring. The hepatic activation of cellular repair pathways by fructose, such as unfolded protein response and macroautophagy, is disrupted only in mHFD offspring. Fructose does not change the liver morphology of mSTD offspring. However, it intensifies the liver injury already present in mHFD offspring. CONCLUSION Fructose intake during adolescence accelerates the emergence of NAFLD observed previously at the adult life of mHFD offspring, and reveals a differentiated hepatic response to metabolic insult, depending on the maternal diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline F P Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Cordeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Softic S, Stanhope KL, Boucher J, Divanovic S, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Kahn CR. Fructose and hepatic insulin resistance. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:308-322. [PMID: 31935149 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1711360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive caloric intake in a form of high-fat diet (HFD) was long thought to be the major risk factor for development of obesity and its complications, such as fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift and more attention is attributed to the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as one of the culprits of the obesity epidemic. In this review, we present the data invoking fructose intake with development of hepatic insulin resistance in human studies and discuss the pathways by which fructose impairs hepatic insulin action in experimental animal models. First, we described well-characterized pathways by which fructose metabolism indirectly leads to hepatic insulin resistance. These include unequivocal effects of fructose to promote de novo lipogenesis (DNL), impair fatty acid oxidation (FAO), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trigger hepatic inflammation. Additionally, we entertained the hypothesis that fructose can directly impede insulin signaling in the liver. This appears to be mediated by reduced insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression, increased protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1b) activity, whereas knockdown of ketohexokinase (KHK), the rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism, increased insulin sensitivity. In summary, dietary fructose intake strongly promotes hepatic insulin resistance via complex interplay of several metabolic pathways, at least some of which are independent of increased weight gain and caloric intake. The current evidence shows that the fructose, but not glucose, component of dietary sugar drives metabolic complications and contradicts the notion that fructose is merely a source of palatable calories that leads to increased weight gain and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Softic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA.,Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iqbal J, Jahangir Z, Al-Qarni AA. Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein: From Lipid Metabolism to Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:37-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Rodrigo S, Panadero MI, Fauste E, Rodríguez L, Roglans N, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Otero P, Laguna JC, Bocos C. Effects of Maternal Fructose Intake on Perinatal ER-Stress: A Defective XBP1s Nuclear Translocation Affects the ER-stress Resolution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081935. [PMID: 31426466 PMCID: PMC6723662 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is crucial to appropriate cell functioning, and when disturbed, a safeguard system called unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. Fructose consumption modifies ER homeostasis and has been related to metabolic syndrome. However, fructose sweetened beverages intake is allowed during gestation. Therefore, we investigate whether maternal fructose intake affects the ER status and induces UPR. Thus, administrating liquid fructose (10% w/v) to pregnant rats partially activated the ER-stress in maternal and fetal liver and placenta. In fact, a fructose-induced increase in the levels of pIRE1 (phosphorylated inositol requiring enzyme-1) and its downstream effector, X-box binding protein-1 spliced form (XBP1s), was observed. XBP1s is a key transcription factor, however, XBP1s nuclear translocation and the expression of its target genes were reduced in the liver of the carbohydrate-fed mothers, and specifically diminished in the fetal liver and placenta in the fructose-fed mothers. These XBP1s target genes belong to the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system, used to buffer ER-stress and to restore ER-homeostasis. It is known that XBP1s needs to form a complex with diverse proteins to migrate into the nucleus. Since methylglyoxal (MGO) content, a precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), was augmented in the three tissues in the fructose-fed mothers and has been related to interfere with the functioning of many proteins, the role of MGO in XBP1s migration should not be discarded. In conclusion, maternal fructose intake produces ER-stress, but without XBP1s nuclear migration. Therefore, a complete activation of UPR that would resolve ER-stress is lacking. A state of fructose-induced oxidative stress is probably involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu YL, Deng CH, Luo Q, Shang XY, Wu JX, Shi Y, Wang L, Han ZG. Arid1a regulates insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:481-493. [PMID: 30879920 PMCID: PMC6491943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of steatosis and insulin resistance, the physiological functions of the epigenetic regulators in these processes remain largely elusive. Methods Hepatocyte-specific Arid1a knockout mice were administrated with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, then insulin sensitivity was assessed by glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). The metabolism-related indicators were determined by employing a variety of biological methods, including histology, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RNA-seq and assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). Findings Hepatocyte-specific Arid1a deletion significantly increases susceptibility to develop hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation in mice fed a HFD. In vitro, Arid1a deletion in isolated hepatocytes directly leads to free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Mechanically, Arid1a deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation by downregulating PPARα and altering the epigenetic landscape of some metabolism genes. Interpretation These findings reveal that targeting Arid1a might be a promising therapeutic strategy for liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Fund This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672772 and 81472621), China National Science and Technology Major Project for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (No.2017ZX 10203207) and National Program on Key Research Project of China (grant no. 2016YFC0902701).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuan-Huai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Ying Shang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiao-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tagawa R, Kawano Y, Minami A, Nishiumi S, Yano Y, Yoshida M, Kodama Y. β-hydroxybutyrate protects hepatocytes against endoplasmic reticulum stress in a sirtuin 1-independent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:220-227. [PMID: 30664838 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a major ketone body in mammals, is produced from fatty acids through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. To elucidate the role of BHB in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we examined the effects of BHB on hepatic ER stress induced by tunicamycin. In mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells, BHB treatment suppressed the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes and increased cell viability, while reducing the protein expression of apoptosis inducible genes, without causing any alterations in the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) or the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. The intraperitoneal administration of BHB also reduced the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes in mouse livers. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, the protein expression levels of ER stress responsive genes were increased by the partial inhibition of BHB production with siRNA targeting endogenous 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase, whereas they were decreased by promoting BHB production with fenofibrate. These findings revealed that BHB helps to suppress hepatic ER stress via a SIRT1-independent pathway, and it might be possible to manipulate ER stress by regulating BHB production genetically or pharmacologically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Flister KFT, Pinto BAS, França LM, Coêlho CFF, Dos Santos PC, Vale CC, Kajihara D, Debbas V, Laurindo FRM, Paes AMDA. Long-term exposure to high-sucrose diet down-regulates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-stress adaptive pathways and potentiates de novo lipogenesis in weaned male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:155-166. [PMID: 30300835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood consumption of added sugars, such as sucrose, has been associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the mechanisms underlying NAFLD onset are incompletely defined, recent evidence has proposed a role for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the metabolic outcomes of high-sucrose intake on weaned Swiss mice fed a 25% sucrose diet for 30, 60 and 90 days in comparison to regular chow-fed controls. High-sucrose feeding promoted progressive metabolic and oxidative disturbances, starting from fasting and fed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and increased adiposity at 30-days; passing by insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and NAFLD onset at 60 days; until late hepatic oxidative damage at 90 days. In parallel, assessment of transcriptional and/or translational levels of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and ER stress markers showed up-regulation of both fatty acid synthesis (ChREBP and SCD1) and oxidation (PPARα and CPT-1α), as well as overexpression of unfolded protein response sensors (IRE1α, PERK and ATF6), chaperones (GRP78 and PDIA1) and antioxidant defense (NRF2) genes at 30 days. At 60 days, fatty acid oxidation genes were down-regulated, and ER stress switched over toward a proapoptotic pattern via up-regulation of BAK protein and CHOP gene levels. Finally, down-regulation of both NRF2 and CPT-1α protein levels led to late up-regulation of SREBP-1c and exponential raise of fatty acids synthesis. In conclusion, our study originally demonstrates a temporal relationship between DNL and ER stress pathways toward MetS and NAFLD development on weaned rats fed a high-sucrose diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Frida Torres Flister
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Pâmela Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caroline Castro Vale
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Spagnuolo MS, Bergamo P, Crescenzo R, Iannotta L, Treppiccione L, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Brain Nrf2 pathway, autophagy, and synaptic function proteins are modulated by a short-term fructose feeding in young and adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:309-320. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1501532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council (CNR-ISPAAM), Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Treppiccione
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan J, Mo H, Luo J, Zhao S, Liang S, Jiang Y, Zhang M. PPARα activation alleviates damage to the cytoskeleton during acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7218-7226. [PMID: 29568903 PMCID: PMC5928683 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton serves an important role in maintaining cellular morphology and function, and it is a substrate of calpain during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). Calpain may be activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during MIRI. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) may inhibit ischemia/reperfusion damage by regulating stress reactions. The present study aimed to determine whether the activation of PPARα protects against MIRI-induced cytoskeletal degradation, and investigated the underlying mechanism involved. Wistar rats were pretreated with or without fenofibrate and subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 45 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Calpain activity and the expression of PPARα, desmin and ER stress parameters were evaluated. Electrocardiography was performed and cardiac function was evaluated. The ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscopy. I/R significantly induced damage to the cytoskeleton in cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction, all of which were improved by PPARα activation. In addition, I/R increased ER stress and calpain activity, which were significantly decreased in fenofibrate-pretreated rat heart tissue. The results suggested that PPARα activation may exert a protective effect against I/R in the myocardium, at least in part via ER stress inhibition. Suppression of ER stress may be an effective therapeutic target for protecting the I/R myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongdan Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Khound R, Shen J, Song Y, Santra D, Su Q. Phytoceuticals in Fenugreek Ameliorate VLDL Overproduction and Insulin Resistance via the Insig Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Khound
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Yongyan Song
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| | - Dipak Santra
- Panhandle Research and Extension Center; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Scottsbluff NE USA
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rutkowski DT. Liver function and dysfunction - a unique window into the physiological reach of ER stress and the unfolded protein response. FEBS J 2018; 286:356-378. [PMID: 29360258 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) improves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding in order to alleviate stress. Yet it is becoming increasingly clear that the UPR regulates processes well beyond those directly involved in protein folding, in some cases by mechanisms that fall outside the realm of canonical UPR signaling. These pathways are highly specific from one cell type to another, implying that ER stress signaling affects each tissue in a unique way. Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the liver, which-beyond being a highly secretory tissue-is a key regulator of peripheral metabolism and a uniquely proliferative organ upon damage. The liver provides a powerful model system for exploring how and why the UPR extends its reach into physiological processes that occur outside the ER, and how ER stress contributes to the many systemic diseases that involve liver dysfunction. This review will highlight the ways in which the study of ER stress in the liver has expanded the view of the UPR to a response that is a key guardian of cellular homeostasis outside of just the narrow realm of ER protein folding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu D, Chen G, Pan M, Zhang J, He W, Liu Y, Nian X, Sheng L, Xu B. High fat diet-induced oxidative stress blocks hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and leads to hepatic steatosis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4770-4782. [PMID: 29150932 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Minglin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Wenping He
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Zhongda Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; School of Medicine; Southeast University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xue Nian
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes; University of Michigan Medical Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang R, Wang Y, Ye K, Picard M, Gu Z. Independent impacts of aging on mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality in humans. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:890. [PMID: 29157198 PMCID: PMC5697406 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and the reduction of mtDNA copy number, both disrupt mitochondrial energetics, and may contribute to aging and age-associated phenotypes. However, there are few genetic and epidemiological studies on the spectra of blood mtDNA heteroplasmies, and the distribution of mtDNA copy numbers in different age groups and their impact on age-related phenotypes. In this work, we used whole-genome sequencing data of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the UK10K project to investigate in parallel mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number in 1511 women, between 17 and 85 years old, recruited in the TwinsUK cohorts. RESULTS We report a high prevalence of pathogenic mtDNA heteroplasmies in this population. We also find an increase in mtDNA heteroplasmies with age (β = 0.011, P = 5.77e-6), and showed that, on average, individuals aged 70-years or older had 58.5% more mtDNA heteroplasmies than those under 40-years old. Conversely, mtDNA copy number decreased by an average of 0.4 copies per year (β = -0.395, P = 0.0097). Multiple regression analyses also showed that age had independent effects on mtDNA copy number decrease and heteroplasmy accumulation. Finally, mtDNA copy number was positively associated with serum bicarbonate level (P = 4.46e-5), and inversely correlated with white blood cell count (P = 0.0006). Moreover, the aggregated heteroplasmy load was associated with blood apolipoprotein B level (P = 1.33e-5), linking the accumulation of mtDNA mutations to age-related physiological markers. CONCLUSIONS Our population-based study indicates that both mtDNA quality and quantity are influenced by age. An open question for the future is whether interventions that would contribute to maintain optimal mtDNA copy number and prevent the expansion of heteroplasmy could promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
circRNA_0046367 Prevents Hepatoxicity of Lipid Peroxidation: An Inhibitory Role against Hepatic Steatosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3960197. [PMID: 29018509 PMCID: PMC5605923 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3960197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis reflects the miRNA-related pathological disorder with triglyceride accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Circular RNA (circRNA)/miRNA interaction reveals a novel layer of epigenetic regulation, yet the miRNA-targeting circRNA remains uncertain in hepatic steatosis. Here, we uncover circRNA_0046367 to be endogenous modulator of miR-34a that underlies hepatic steatosis. In contrast to its expression loss during the hepatocellular steatosis in vivo and in vitro, circRNA_0046367 normalization abolished miR-34a's inhibitory effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) via blocking the miRNA/mRNA interaction with miRNA response elements (MREs). PPARα restoration led to the transcriptional activation of genes associated with lipid metabolism, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), and then resulted in the steatosis resolution. Hepatotoxicity of steatosis-related lipid peroxidation, being characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, growth arrest, and apoptosis, is resultantly prevented after the circRNA_0046367 administration. These findings indicate a circRNA_0046367/miR-34a/PPARα regulatory system underlying hepatic steatosis. Normalized expression of circRNA_0046367 may ameliorate the lipoxidative stress on the basis of steatosis attenuation. circRNA_0046367, therefore, is suggested to be potential approach to the therapy of lipid peroxidative damage.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rajamoorthi A, Arias N, Basta J, Lee RG, Baldán Á. Amelioration of diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice following combined therapy with ASO-Fsp27 and fenofibrate. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2127-2138. [PMID: 28874443 PMCID: PMC5665668 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD progresses from benign steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis and is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma. No targeted treatment is currently approved for NAFLD/NASH. We previously showed that fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27), a lipid droplet-associated protein that controls triglyceride turnover in the hepatocyte, is required for fasting- and diet-induced triglyceride accumulation in the liver. However, silencing Fsp27 with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) did not improve hepatosteatosis in genetic nor nutritional mouse models of obesity. Herein, we tested the therapeutic potential of ASO-Fsp27 when used in combination with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-trans-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet for eight weeks to establish NASH, then kept on diet for six additional weeks while dosed with ASOs and fenofibrate, alone or in combination. Data show that ASO-Fsp27 and fenofibrate synergize to promote resistance to diet-induced obesity and hypertriglyceridemia and to reverse hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This multifactorial improvement of liver disease noted when combining both drugs suggests that a course of treatment that includes both reduced FSP27 activity and activation of PPARα could provide therapeutic benefit to patients with NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananthi Rajamoorthi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Noemí Arias
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jeannine Basta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Richard G Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Ángel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO .,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO.,Liver Center, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abbasi Oshaghi E, Goodarzi MT, Higgins V, Adeli K. Role of resveratrol in the management of insulin resistance and related conditions: Mechanism of action. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:267-293. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1343274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Victoria Higgins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Song Y, Zhao M, Cheng X, Shen J, Khound R, Zhang K, Su Q. CREBH mediates metabolic inflammation to hepatic VLDL overproduction and hyperlipoproteinemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:839-849. [PMID: 28455595 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation is closely associated with hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The current study established that cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein H (CREBH), an acute-phase transcription factor, enhances very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion by upregulating apolipoprotein B (apoB) expression and contributes to metabolic inflammation-associated hyperlipoproteinemia induced by TNFα, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Specifically, overexpression of CREBH significantly induced mRNA and protein expression of apoB in McA-7777 cells. Luciferase assay further revealed that the presence of CREBH could significantly increase the activity of the apoB gene promoter. In contrast, genetic depletion of CREBH in mice resulted in significant reduction in expression of hepatic apoB mRNA. Challenging mice with an acute fat load led to upregulation of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein secretion in wild type mice, but not in CREBH-null mice. TNFα treatment activated hepatic CREBH expression, which in turn enhanced hepatic apoB biosynthesis and VLDL secretion. Metabolic inflammation induced by LPS or HFD also resulted in overproduction of apoB and hyperlipoproteinemia in wild type mice, but not in CREBH-null mice. This study demonstrates that CREBH could be a mediator between metabolic inflammation and hepatic VLDL overproduction in chronic metabolic disorders. This novel finding establishes CREBH as the first transcription factor that regulates apoB expression on the transcriptional level and the subsequent VLDL biosynthesis in response to metabolic inflammation. The study also provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in metabolic syndrome. KEY MESSAGES CREBH mediates inflammatory signaling to VLDL overproduction in metabolic stress. Activation of CREBH in inflammation enhances mRNA and protein expression of apoB. CREBH presents a potential novel therapeutic target for hyperlipoproteinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Miaoyun Zhao
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Xiao Cheng
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Rituraj Khound
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- The Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316F Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van der Krieken SE, Popeijus HE, Mensink RP, Plat J. Link Between ER-Stress, PPAR-Alpha Activation, and BET Inhibition in Relation to Apolipoprotein A-I Transcription in HepG2 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2161-2167. [PMID: 28012209 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) may increase apoA-I transcription. Furthermore, Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors increase, whereas Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress decreases apoA-I transcription. We examined possible links between these processes as related to apoA-I transcription in HepG2 cells. JQ1(+), thapsigargin, and GW7647 were used to induce, respectively BET inhibition, ER-stress, and PPARα activation. Expression of ER-stress markers (CHOP, XBP1s) was analyzed by western blotting. PPARα, KEAP1 (marker for BET inhibition), and apoA-I mRNAs were measured using qPCR. ER-stress and BET inhibition both decreased PPARα mRNA expression and activity, but did not interfere with each other, as ER-stress did not change KEAP1 and JQ1(+) did not influence ER-stress marker production. Interestingly, PPARα activation and BET-inhibition diminished ER-stress marker production and rescued apoA-I transcription during existing ER-stress. We conclude that the ER-stress mediated reduction in apoA-I transcription could be partly mediated via the inhibition of PPARα mRNA expression and activity. In addition, BET inhibition increased apoA-I transcription, even if PPARα production and activity were decreased. Finally, both BET inhibition and PPARα activation ameliorate the apoA-I lowering effect of ER-stress and are therefore interesting targets to elevate apoA-I transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 118:2161-2167, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E van der Krieken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, 616-6200, the Netherlands
| | - Herman E Popeijus
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, 616-6200, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, 616-6200, the Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, 616-6200, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cioffi F, Senese R, Lasala P, Ziello A, Mazzoli A, Crescenzo R, Liverini G, Lanni A, Goglia F, Iossa S. Fructose-Rich Diet Affects Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Repair in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040323. [PMID: 28338610 PMCID: PMC5409662 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that many forms of fructose-induced metabolic disturbance are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are prominent targets of oxidative damage; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and/or its lack of repair are events involved in metabolic disease resulting from a fructose-rich diet. In the present study, we evaluated the degree of oxidative damage to liver mtDNA and its repair, in addition to the state of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet. We used male rats feeding on a high-fructose or control diet for eight weeks. Our results showed an increase in mtDNA damage in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet and this damage, as evaluated by the expression of DNA polymerase γ, was not repaired; in addition, the mtDNA copy number was found to be significantly reduced. A reduction in the mtDNA copy number is indicative of impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, as is the finding of a reduction in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, a fructose-rich diet leads to mitochondrial and mtDNA damage, which consequently may have a role in liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Lasala
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Angela Ziello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee JM. Nuclear Receptors Resolve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Improve Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Metab J 2017; 41:10-19. [PMID: 28236381 PMCID: PMC5328691 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress culminating in proteotoxicity contributes to the development of insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacologic interventions targeting several different nuclear receptors have emerged as potential treatments for insulin resistance. The mechanistic basis for these antidiabetic effects has primarily been attributed to multiple metabolic and inflammatory functions. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the association of ER stress with insulin resistance and the role of nuclear receptors in promoting ER stress resolution and improving insulin resistance in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glucagon regulates hepatic lipid metabolism via cAMP and Insig-2 signaling: implication for the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32246. [PMID: 27582413 PMCID: PMC5007496 DOI: 10.1038/srep32246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin induced gene-2 (Insig-2) is an ER-resident protein that inhibits the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). However, cellular factors that regulate Insig-2 expression have not yet been identified. Here we reported that cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH) positively regulates mRNA and protein expression of a liver specific isoform of Insig-2, Insig-2a, which in turn hinders SREBP-1c activation and inhibits hepatic de novo lipogenesis. CREBH binds to the evolutionally conserved CRE-BP binding elements located in the enhancer region of Insig-2a and upregulates its mRNA and protein expression. Metabolic hormone glucagon and nutritional fasting activated CREBH, which upregulated expression of Insig-2a in hepatocytes and inhibited SREBP-1c activation. In contrast, genetic depletion of CREBH decreased Insig-2a expression, leading to the activation of SREBP-1c and its downstream lipogenic target enzymes. Compromising CREBH-Insig-2 signaling by siRNA interference against Insig-2 also disrupted the inhibitory effect of this signaling pathway on hepatic de novo triglyceride synthesis. These actions resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes and systemic hyperlipidemia. Our study identified CREBH as the first cellular protein that regulates Insig-2a expression. Glucagon activated the CREBH-Insig-2a signaling pathway to inhibit hepatic de novo lipogenesis and prevent the onset of hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen J, Tong X, Sud N, Khound R, Song Y, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Walter J, Su Q. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Signaling Mediates the Triglyceride-Lowering Action of
Akkermansia muciniphila
in Genetic-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1448-56. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Xuedong Tong
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Neetu Sud
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Rituraj Khound
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Yongyan Song
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Jens Walter
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences (J.S., X.T., N.S., R.K., Y.S., Q.S.) and Food Science and Technology (M.X.M.-G.), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rando G, Tan CK, Khaled N, Montagner A, Leuenberger N, Bertrand-Michel J, Paramalingam E, Guillou H, Wahli W. Glucocorticoid receptor-PPARα axis in fetal mouse liver prepares neonates for milk lipid catabolism. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27367842 PMCID: PMC4963200 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, hepatic lipid catabolism is essential for the newborns to efficiently use milk fat as an energy source. However, it is unclear how this critical trait is acquired and regulated. We demonstrate that under the control of PPARα, the genes required for lipid catabolism are transcribed before birth so that the neonatal liver has a prompt capacity to extract energy from milk upon suckling. The mechanism involves a fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PPARα axis in which GR directly regulates the transcriptional activation of PPARα by binding to its promoter. Certain PPARα target genes such as Fgf21 remain repressed in the fetal liver and become PPARα responsive after birth following an epigenetic switch triggered by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated inhibition of HDAC3. This study identifies an endocrine developmental axis in which fetal GR primes the activity of PPARα in anticipation of the sudden shifts in postnatal nutrient source and metabolic demands. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11853.001 Birth is a highly stressful and critical event. In the womb, babies rely on the supply of oxygen and nutrients provided by the placenta. However, once they are born they need to breathe for themselves and gain all their nutrients from suckling milk. The placenta provides a sugar-rich diet, while milk is richer in fat. Failing to cope with this change in diet leads to serious complications and sometimes death. Therefore, a better understanding of how the body adapts to these changes may shed light on pathways that are important for good health in later life. The liver plays a central role in processing the nutrients absorbed by the gut. It uses fats to produce molecules called ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, which are then used as fuel by other tissues and organs including the heart, muscle and the brain. A protein called PPARα controls the production of ketone bodies primarily by regulating genes that are involved in the uptake and breakdown of fat in the liver. However, little is known about how this protein affects the development of the liver. Here, Rando, Tan et al. report that mice start to produce more PPARα in the liver shortly before birth. This ultimately activates several genes that encode enzymes that break down fats. The experiments show that during labor, stress hormones called glucocorticoids directly stimulate the production of PPARα in the liver of the fetus to prepare newborn mice for harnessing energy from fat-rich milk. In the absence of PPARα, mouse liver cells are less able to break down fats after birth and so start to accumulate fat, resulting in fewer ketone bodies being produced. Rando, Tan et al. show that β-hydroxybutyrate regulates some PPARα target genes, including one called Fgf21. The activity of this gene increases only after milk suckling starts and it encodes a protein that enhances the breakdown of fats in the liver. Without PPARα, the expression levels of its target genes, including Fgf21, do not increase after birth, which promotes the build up of fats in liver cells, a condition known as liver steatosis. Overall, the results reported by Rando, Tan et al. highlight how stress during labor plays an important role in priming the body to cope with a fat-rich diet after birth. Future studies will need to determine if stress hormones and ketone bodies could be used as therapies for babies born by caesarean section with liver steatosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11853.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Rando
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chek Kun Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore
| | - Nourhène Khaled
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- IFR 150 Plateforme Metatoul, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-Médicale de Toulouse INSERM U563, Toulouse, France
| | - Eeswari Paramalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore
| | - Hervé Guillou
- UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, , Singapore.,UMR 1331 ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fenofibrate improves high-fat diet-induced and palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2016; 157:158-167. [PMID: 27297630 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fenofibrate (FF) is commonly used clinically as a lipid-lowering drug, but whether it participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and decreases inflammation in skeletal muscle is still unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether FF treatment reduces insulin resistance (IR) by alleviating ER stress and downstream inflammation in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. MAIN METHODS Female SD rats were randomly divided into groups receiving the standard chow diet (SCD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus FF (HFD+FF). The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to a standard HFD for 20weeks, then the HFD+FF rats were administered FF (30mg/kg once daily via gavage) for another 8weeks. Whole-body IR, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), ER stress-related genes, and inflammatory genes in the soleus muscle were assessed. The differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitic acid or pretreated with fenofibric acid or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), etomoxir, and the expression of ER stress, beta-oxidation-related genes, inflammatory genes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and insulin-signaling-related molecules were determined. KEY FINDINGS Eight weeks of FF treatment attenuated HFD-induced IR by decreased tribbles 3 (TRB3) expression, ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. FA pretreatment markedly inverted the PA-induced expression of TLR4 and downstream inflammatory genes, activated ER stress, improved β-oxidation and insulin signaling in differentiated myotube cells. SIGNIFICANCE FF treatment significantly improved HFD-induced IR in skeletal muscle and PA-induced IR in myotube cells, which may be related to reduced ER stress-induced inflammation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Han J, Kaufman RJ. The role of ER stress in lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1329-38. [PMID: 27146479 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r067595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modification and trafficking. Numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological insults disturb ER homeostasis, referred to as ER stress, in which a collection of conserved intracellular signaling pathways, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), are activated to maintain ER function for cell survival. However, excessive and/or prolonged UPR activation leads to initiation of self-destruction through apoptosis. Excessive accumulation of lipids and their intermediate products causes metabolic abnormalities and cell death, called lipotoxicity, in peripheral organs, including the pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, and heart. Because accumulating evidence links chronic ER stress and defects in UPR signaling to lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues, understanding the role of ER stress in cell physiology is a topic under intense investigation. In this review, we highlight recent findings that link ER stress and UPR signaling to the pathogenesis of peripheral organs due to lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Braude JP, Osborne B, Brown SHJ, Mitchell TW, Turner N. Disparate metabolic response to fructose feeding between different mouse strains. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18474. [PMID: 26690387 PMCID: PMC4686880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets enriched in fructose (FR) increase lipogenesis in the liver, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance. Previously, we have shown that in contrast to other mouse strains, BALB/c mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration, potentially due to a lack of ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study we have compared the metabolic response of BALB/c and C57BL/6 (BL6) mice to a fructose-enriched diet. Both strains of mice increased adiposity in response to FR-feeding, while only BL6 mice displayed elevated hepatic triglyceride (TAG) accumulation and glucose intolerance. The lack of hepatic TAG accumulation in BALB/c mice appeared to be linked to an altered balance between lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, while the protection from fructose-induced glucose intolerance in this strain was likely related to low levels of ER stress, a slight elevation in insulin levels and an altered profile of diacylglycerol species in the liver. Collectively these findings highlight the multifactorial nature of metabolic defects that develop in response to changes in the intake of specific nutrients and the divergent response of different mouse strains to dietary challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Fiveash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J P Braude
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S H J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ge CX, Yu R, Xu MX, Li PQ, Fan CY, Li JM, Kong LD. Betaine prevented fructose-induced NAFLD by regulating LXRα/PPARα pathway and alleviating ER stress in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:154-64. [PMID: 26593707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Betaine has been proven effective in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal models, however, its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The aims of this study were to explore the mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory and anti-lipogenic actions of betaine in fructose-fed rats. In this study, betaine improved insulin resistance, reduced body weight gain and serum lipid levels, and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats. It up-regulated hepatic expression of liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), with the attenuation of the changes of their target genes, including hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) 1α, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1, apolipoprotein B, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and adipocyte differentiation-related protein, involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid storage in these model rats. Furthermore, betaine alleviated ER stress and inhibited acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, CPT II, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and fatty acid synthase expression involved in fatty acid synthesis in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Betaine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis in fructose-fed rats by moderating protein kinase B -forkhead box protein O1 pathway, as well as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin activity. Moreover, betaine inhibited hepatic nuclear factor kappa B /nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome activation-mediated inflammation in this animal model. These results demonstrated that betaine ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation, gluconeogenesis, and inflammation through restoring LXRα and PPARα expression and alleviating ER stress in fructose-fed rats. This study provides the potential mechanisms of betaine involved in the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Min-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pei-Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen-Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sud N, Taher J, Su Q. MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Hepatic Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism: Potential Therapeutic Targets of Metabolic Disorders. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:318-27. [PMID: 26286650 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of regulatory molecules that modulate gene expression. The role of miRNAs in diverse cellular processes such as cancer, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cardiac remodeling, and inflammation has been intensively explored. Recent studies further demonstrated the important roles of miRNAs and noncoding RNAs in modulating a broad spectrum of genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolic pathways. This overview focuses on the role of miRNAs in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome. This includes recent advances made in the understanding of their target pathways and the clinical development of miRNAs in lipid metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Sud
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer Taher
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qiu X, Gao DH, Xiang X, Xiong YF, Zhu TS, Liu LG, Sun XF, Hao LP. Ameliorative effects of lutein on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8061-8072. [PMID: 26185377 PMCID: PMC4499348 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of lutein against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related underlying mechanism.
METHODS: After 9 d of acclimation to a constant temperature-controlled room (20 °C-22 °C) under 12 h light/dark cycles, male Sprague-Darley rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed a standard commercial diet (n = 8) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 32) for 10 d. Animals receiving HFD were then randomly divided into 4 groups and administered with 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg (body weight) per day of lutein for the next 45 d. At the end of the experiment, the perinephric and abdominal adipose tissues of the rats were isolated and weighed. Additionally, serum and liver lipid metabolic condition parameters were measured, and liver function and insulin resistance state indexes were assessed. Liver samples were collected and stained with hematoxylin eosin and Oil Red O, and the expression of the key factors related to insulin signaling and lipid metabolism in the liver were detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.
RESULTS: Our data showed that after being fed a high-fat diet for 10 d, the rats showed a significant gain in body weight, energy efficiency, and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Lutein supplementation induced fat loss in rats fed a high-fat diet, without influencing body weight or energy efficiency, and decreased serum TC and hepatic TC and TG levels. Moreover, lutein supplementation decreased hepatic levels of lipid accumulation and glutamic pyruvic transaminase content, and also improved insulin sensitivity. Lutein administration also increased the expression of key factors in hepatic insulin signaling, such as insulin receptor substrate-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and glucose transporter-2 at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, high-dose lutein increased the expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α and sirtuin 1, which are associated with lipid metabolism and insulin signaling.
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that lutein has positive effects on NAFLD via the modulation of hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
48
|
Inafuku M, Matsuzaki G, Oku H. Intravenous Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese, Diabetic ob/ob Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128676. [PMID: 26039731 PMCID: PMC4454685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune response profoundly influence metabolic syndrome and fatty acid metabolism. To analyze influence of systemic inflammatory response to metabolic syndrome, we inoculated an attenuated vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) into leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. BCG administration significantly decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight, serum insulin levels, and a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin level and HMW/total adiponectin ratio of the BCG treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. Hepatic triglyceride accumulation and macrovesicular steatosis were markedly alleviated, and the enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of lipogenic-related genes in liver were significantly decreased in the BCG injected mice. We also exposed human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells to high levels of palmitate, which enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene expression and impaired insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation (Ser473). BCG treatment ameliorated both of these detrimental events. The present study therefore suggested that BCG administration suppressed development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, at least partly, by alleviating fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Department of Tropical Bio-resources, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Department of Tropical Bio-resources, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a dreadful, devastating and incurable motor neuron disease. Aetiologically, it is a multigenic, multifactorial and multiorgan disease. Despite intense research, ALS pathology remains unexplained. Following extensive literature review, this paper posits a new integrative explanation. This framework proposes that ammonia neurotoxicity is a main player in ALS pathogenesis. According to this explanation, a combination of impaired ammonia removal- mainly because of impaired hepatic urea cycle dysfunction-and increased ammoniagenesis- mainly because of impaired glycolytic metabolism in fast twitch skeletal muscle-causes chronic hyperammonia in ALS. In the absence of neuroprotective calcium binding proteins (calbindin, calreticulin and parvalbumin), elevated ammonia-a neurotoxin-damages motor neurons. Ammonia-induced motor neuron damage occurs through multiple mechanisms such as macroautophagy-endolysosomal impairment, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, CDK5 activation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuronal hyperexcitability and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the regional pattern of calcium binding proteins' loss, owing to either ER stress and/or impaired oxidative metabolism, determines clinical variability of ALS. Most importantly, this new framework can be generalised to explain other neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease and Parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baena M, Sangüesa G, Hutter N, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Fructose supplementation impairs rat liver autophagy through mTORC activation without inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|