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White A, Stremming J, Brown LD, Rozance PJ. Attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during an acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep does not persist in isolated islets. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:353-361. [PMID: 37114757 PMCID: PMC10205682 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a critical fetal growth hormone that has been proposed as a therapy for intrauterine growth restriction. We previously demonstrated that a 1-week IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep reduces in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion suggesting an intrinsic islet defect. Our objective herein was to determine whether this intrinsic islet defect was related to chronicity of exposure. We therefore tested the effects of a 90-min IGF-1 LR3 infusion on fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin secretion from isolated fetal islets. We first infused late gestation fetal sheep (n = 10) with either IGF-1 LR3 (IGF-1) or vehicle control (CON) and measured basal insulin secretion and in vivo GSIS utilizing a hyperglycemic clamp. We then isolated fetal islets immediately following a 90-min IGF-1 or CON in vivo infusion and exposed them to glucose or potassium chloride to measure in vitro insulin secretion (IGF-1, n = 6; CON, n = 6). Fetal plasma insulin concentrations decreased with IGF-1 LR3 infusion (P < 0.05), and insulin concentrations during the hyperglycemic clamp were 66% lower with IGF-1 LR3 infusion compared to CON (P < 0.0001). Insulin secretion in isolated fetal islets was not different based on infusion at the time of islet collection. Therefore, we speculate that while acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion may directly suppress insulin secretion, the fetal β-cell in vitro retains the ability to recover GSIS. This may have important implications when considering the long-term effects of treatment modalities for fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jane Stremming
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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2
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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Woo M, Song J. Identification of the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 36691085 PMCID: PMC9872444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by neuronal degeneration and glial dysfunction, resulting in cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral impairment. Multiple factors including genetic, environmental, metabolic, and oxidant overload contribute to disease progression. Recent evidences suggest that metabolic syndrome is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Despite advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments to combat neurodegenerative disorders caused by MetS have not been developed to date. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency has been associated with MetS-related pathologies both in-vivo and in-vitro. IGF-1 is essential for embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, neurotropism, angiogenesis, metabolic function, and protein clearance in the brain. Here, we review the evidence for the potential therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in the neurodegeneration related to metabolic syndrome. We elucidate how IGF-1 may be involved in molecular signaling defects that occurs in MetS-related neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the importance of IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic target in MetS-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Minna Woo
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Juhyun Song
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
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3
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White A, Stremming J, Boehmer BH, Chang EI, Jonker SS, Wesolowski SR, Brown LD, Rozance PJ. Reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion following a 1-wk IGF-1 infusion in late gestation fetal sheep is due to an intrinsic islet defect. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1138-E1147. [PMID: 33938236 PMCID: PMC8285601 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00623.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are fetal hormones critical to establishing normal fetal growth. Experimentally elevated IGF-1 concentrations during late gestation increase fetal weight but lower fetal plasma insulin concentrations. We therefore hypothesized that infusion of an IGF-1 analog for 1 wk into late gestation fetal sheep would attenuate fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin secretion in islets isolated from these fetuses. Late gestation fetal sheep received infusions with IGF-1 LR3 (IGF-1, n = 8), an analog of IGF-1 with low affinity for the IGF binding proteins and high affinity for the IGF-1 receptor, or vehicle control (CON, n = 9). Fetal GSIS was measured with a hyperglycemic clamp (IGF-1, n = 8; CON, n = 7). Fetal islets were isolated, and insulin secretion was assayed in static incubations (IGF-1, n = 8; CON, n = 7). Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in IGF-1 fetuses were lower compared with CON (P = 0.0135 and P = 0.0012, respectively). During the GSIS study, IGF-1 fetuses had lower insulin secretion compared with CON (P = 0.0453). In vitro, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion remained lower in islets isolated from IGF-1 fetuses (P = 0.0447). In summary, IGF-1 LR3 infusion for 1 wk into fetal sheep lowers insulin concentrations and reduces fetal GSIS. Impaired insulin secretion persists in isolated fetal islets indicating an intrinsic islet defect in insulin release when exposed to IGF-1 LR3 infusion for 1 wk. We speculate this alteration in the insulin/IGF-1 axis contributes to the long-term reduction in β-cell function in neonates born with elevated IGF-1 concentrations following pregnancies complicated by diabetes or other conditions associated with fetal overgrowth.NEW & NOTEWORTHY After a 1-wk infusion of IGF-1 LR3, late gestation fetal sheep had lower plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, reduced fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and decreased fractional insulin secretion from isolated fetal islets without differences in pancreatic insulin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jane Stremming
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brit H Boehmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eileen I Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Shapiro MR, Foster TP, Perry DJ, Rosenfeld RG, Dauber A, McNichols JA, Muir A, Hwa V, Brusko TM, Jacobsen LM. A Novel Mutation in Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (c.641-2A>G) Is Associated with Impaired Growth, Hypoglycemia, and Modified Immune Phenotypes. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 93:322-334. [PMID: 33113547 PMCID: PMC7726096 DOI: 10.1159/000510764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mutations lead to systemic disturbances in growth and glucose homeostasis due to widespread IGF1R expression throughout the body. IGF1R is expressed by innate and adaptive immune cells, facilitating their development and exerting immunomodulatory roles in the periphery. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a family presenting with a novel heterozygous IGF1R mutation with characterization of the mutation, IGF1R expression, and immune phenotyping. Twin probands presented clinically with short stature and hypoglycemia. Variable phenotypic expression was seen in 2 other family members carrying the IGF1R mutation. The probands were treated with exogenous growth hormone therapy and dietary cornstarch, improving linear growth and reducing hypoglycemic events. IGF1R c.641-2A>G caused abnormal mRNA splicing and premature protein termination. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping demonstrated lower IGF1R on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IGF1R c.641-2A>G subjects. This alteration was associated with reduced levels of T-helper 17 cells and a higher percentage of T-helper 1 cells compared to controls, suggesting decreased IGF1R expression may affect CD4+ Th-cell lineage commitment. DISCUSSION Collectively, these data suggest a novel loss-of-function mutation (c.641-2A>G) leads to aberrant mRNA splicing and IGF1R expression resulting in hypoglycemia, growth restriction, and altered immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy P Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James A McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura M Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,
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Nackiewicz D, Dan M, Speck M, Chow SZ, Chen YC, Pospisilik JA, Verchere CB, Ehses JA. Islet Macrophages Shift to a Reparative State following Pancreatic Beta-Cell Death and Are a Major Source of Islet Insulin-like Growth Factor-1. iScience 2019; 23:100775. [PMID: 31962237 PMCID: PMC6971395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a dynamic role in tissue repair following injury. Here we found that following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell death, mouse islet macrophages had increased Igf1 expression, decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression, and transcriptome changes consistent with macrophages undergoing efferocytosis and having an enhanced state of metabolism. Macrophages were the major, if not sole, contributors to islet insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that macrophages can maintain insulin secretion in vivo following beta-cell death with no effects on islet cell turnover. IGF-1 neutralization during STZ treatment decreased insulin secretion without affecting islet cell apoptosis or proliferation. Interestingly, high-fat diet (HFD) combined with STZ further skewed islet macrophages to a reparative state. Finally, islet macrophages from db/db mice also expressed decreased proinflammatory cytokines and increased Igf1 mRNA. These data have important implications for islet biology and pathology and show that islet macrophages preserve their reparative state following beta-cell death even during HFD feeding and severe hyperglycemia. Macrophages are a major source of IGF-1 protein within mouse pancreatic islets Post-beta-cell death islet macrophages shift to a reparative state Beta-cell death causes macrophage transcriptome changes consistent with efferocytosis This change can occur even in the presence of HFD feeding or severe hyperglycemia
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Meixia Dan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Samuel Z Chow
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Jan A Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28 Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland.
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6
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White A, Louey S, Chang EI, Boehmer BH, Goldstrohm D, Jonker SS, Rozance PJ. A 1 week IGF-1 infusion decreases arterial insulin concentrations but increases pancreatic insulin content and islet vascularity in fetal sheep. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13840. [PMID: 30175552 PMCID: PMC6119661 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal insulin is critical for regulation of growth. Insulin concentrations are partly determined by the amount of β-cells present and their insulin content. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a fetal anabolic growth factor which also impacts β-cell mass in models of β-cell injury and diabetes. The extent to which circulating concentrations of IGF-1 impact fetal β-cell mass and pancreatic insulin content is unknown. We hypothesized that an infusion of an IGF-1 analog for 1 week into the late gestation fetal sheep circulation would increase β-cell mass, pancreatic islet size, and pancreatic insulin content. After the 1-week infusion, pancreatic insulin concentrations were 80% higher than control fetuses (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in β-cell area, β-cell mass, or pancreatic vascularity. However, pancreatic islet vascularity was 15% higher in IGF-1 fetuses and pancreatic VEGFA, HGF, IGF1, and IGF2 mRNA expressions were 70-90% higher in IGF-1 fetuses compared to control fetuses (P < 0.05). Plasma oxygen, glucose, and insulin concentrations were 25%, 22%, and 84% lower in IGF-1 fetuses, respectively (P < 0.05). The previously described role for IGF-1 as a β-cell growth factor may be more relevant for local paracrine signaling in the pancreas compared to circulating endocrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia White
- Department of PediatricsPerinatal Research CenterUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental HealthKnight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Eileen I Chang
- Department of PediatricsPerinatal Research CenterUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
- Center for Developmental HealthKnight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Brit H. Boehmer
- Department of PediatricsPerinatal Research CenterUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - David Goldstrohm
- Department of PediatricsPerinatal Research CenterUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Sonnet S. Jonker
- Center for Developmental HealthKnight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Paul J. Rozance
- Department of PediatricsPerinatal Research CenterUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
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7
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Aneke-Nash CS, Xue X, Qi Q, Biggs ML, Cappola A, Kuller L, Pollak M, Psaty BM, Siscovick D, Mukamal K, Strickler HD, Kaplan RC. The Association Between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and Incident Diabetes in an Older Population of Men and Women in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4541-4547. [PMID: 29040592 PMCID: PMC5718696 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has structural and functional similarities to insulin and may play a role in glucose homeostasis, along with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which binds the majority of circulating IGF-I. OBJECTIVE To assess whether IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes in older adults. DESIGN Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 3133), a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years, were observed for 16 years (n = 3133) for the development of incident diabetes. Statistical models were fit separately for men and women because of interactions with sex (P interaction: IGF-I, 0.02; IGFBP-3, 0.009) and were adjusted for relevant covariates. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Older adults who were nondiabetic at baseline and who did not develop diabetes within the first year of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incident diabetes as measured by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, non-FPG ≥200 mg/dL, use of pharmacological treatment of diabetes, or existence of two or more inpatient or three or more outpatient or (at least one inpatient and at least one outpatient) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims with the diagnostic International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code of 250.xx. RESULTS In women, higher IGFBP-3 (hazard ratio tertile 3 vs tertile 1 = 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.55 to 3.40; P trend < 0.0001) was significantly associated with incident diabetes. Total IGF-I was not significantly associated with incident diabetes. In men, neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-3 was significantly associated with incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed a previously reported association between circulating IGFBP-3 and diabetes risk in the older adult population, establishing that this association is present among women but could not be shown to be associated in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chino S Aneke-Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington
| | - Anne Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Lewis Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperatives
| | | | - Kenneth Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Medical School
- Harvard School of Public Health
| | - Howard D Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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8
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Solomon-Zemler R, Basel-Vanagaite L, Steier D, Yakar S, Mel E, Phillip M, Bazak L, Bercovich D, Werner H, de Vries L. A novel heterozygous IGF-1 receptor mutation associated with hypoglycemia. Endocr Connect 2017; 6. [PMID: 28649085 PMCID: PMC5551424 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutation in the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) gene is a rare cause for intrauterine and postnatal growth disorders. Patients identified with IGF1R mutations present with either normal or impaired glucose tolerance. None of the cases described so far showed hypoglycemia. We aimed to identify the genetic basis for small for gestational age, short stature and hypoglycemia over three generations in one family. The proband, a 9-year-old male, presented in infancy with recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, symmetric intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth retardation. Blood DNA samples from the patient, his parents, a maternal sister and maternal grandmother underwent Sanger sequencing of the IGF1R gene. Primary skin fibroblast cultures of the patient, his mother and age- and sex-matched control donors were used for gene expression and receptor functional analyses. We found a novel heterozygous mutation (c.94 + 1g > a, D1105E) affecting the splicing site of the IGF1R mRNA in the patient, his mother and his grandmother. Primary fibroblast cultures derived from the patient and his mother showed reduced proliferation and impaired activation of the IGF1R, evident by reduced IGF1R and AKT phosphorylation upon ligand binding. In conclusion, the newly identified heterozygous missense mutation in exon 1 of IGF1R (D1105E) results in impaired IGF1R function and is associated with small for gestational age, microcephaly and abnormal glucose metabolism. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms by which this mutation leads to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Solomon-Zemler
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Basel-Vanagaite
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic InstituteRabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetach Tikva, Israel
- Pediatric GeneticsSchneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - D Steier
- Day Hospitalization DepartmentSchneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - S Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental CenterDepartment of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Mel
- Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesSchneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - M Phillip
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesSchneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - L Bazak
- Raphael Recanati Genetic InstituteRabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | - H Werner
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Shalom and VardaYoran Institute for Human Genome ResearchTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L de Vries
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesSchneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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9
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Liu W, Son DO, Lau HK, Zhou Y, Prud'homme GJ, Jin T, Wang Q. Combined Oral Administration of GABA and DPP-4 Inhibitor Prevents Beta Cell Damage and Promotes Beta Cell Regeneration in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:362. [PMID: 28676760 PMCID: PMC5476705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glucagon-like peptide-1 based drugs, such as sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor), were shown to induce beta cell regenerative effects in various diabetic mouse models. We propose that their combined administration can bring forth an additive therapeutic effect. We tested this hypothesis in a multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta cell injury mouse model (MDSD). Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned randomly into four groups: non-treatment diabetic control, GABA, sitagliptin, or GABA plus sitagliptin. Oral drug administration was initiated 1 week before STZ injection and maintained for 6 weeks. GABA or sitagliptin administration decreased ambient blood glucose levels and improved the glucose excursion rate. This was associated with elevated plasma insulin and reduced plasma glucagon levels. Importantly, combined use of GABA and sitagliptin significantly enhanced these effects as compared with each of the monotherapies. An additive effect on reducing water consumption was also observed. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that combined GABA and sitagliptin therapy was superior in increasing beta cell mass, associated with increased small-size islet numbers, Ki67+ and PDX-1+ beta cell counts; and reduced Tunel+ beta cell counts. Thus, beta cell proliferation was increased, whereas apoptosis was reduced. We also noticed a suppressive effect of GABA or sitagliptin on alpha cell mass, which was not significantly altered by combining the two agents. Although either GABA or sitagliptin administration delays the onset of MDSD, our study indicates that combined use of them produces superior therapeutic outcomes. This is likely due to an amelioration of beta cell proliferation and a decrease of beta cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Dong Ok Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Harry K Lau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Yinghui Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Gerald J Prud'homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institutes, University Health Network, TorontoON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, TorontoON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
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10
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Ogura K, Ogura M, Shoji T, Sato Y, Tahara Y, Yamano G, Sato H, Sugizaki K, Fujita N, Tatsuoka H, Usui R, Mukai E, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N, Nagashima K. Oral Administration of Apple Procyanidins Ameliorates Insulin Resistance via Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Liver of Diabetic ob/ob Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8857-8865. [PMID: 27792335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins, the main ingredient of apple polyphenols, are known to possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects associated closely with the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of orally administered apple procyanidins (APCs) on glucose metabolism using diabetic ob/ob mice. We found no difference in body weight or body composition between mice treated with APCs and untreated mice. A 4 week oral administration of APCs containing water [0.5% (w/v)] ameliorated glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in ob/ob mice. APCs also suppressed the increase in the level of the pancreatic β-cell. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was significantly enhanced; pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were significantly decreased, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation was downregulated in the liver of those mice treated with APCs. In conclusion, APCs ameliorate insulin resistance by improving hepatic insulin signaling through suppression of hepatic inflammation in ob/ob mice, which may be a mechanism with possible beneficial health effects of APCs in disturbed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasane Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahito Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shoji
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO , 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tahara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gen Yamano
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazu Sugizaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hisato Tatsuoka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eri Mukai
- Laboratory of Medical Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Chowdhury S, Grimm L, Gong YJK, Wang B, Li B, Srikant CB, Gao ZH, Liu JL. Decreased 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Level and Activity in Murine Pancreatic Islets Caused by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Overexpression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136656. [PMID: 26305481 PMCID: PMC4549276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported a high expression of IGF-I in pancreatic islet β-cells of transgenic mice under the metallothionein promoter. cDNA microarray analysis of the islets revealed that the expression of 82 genes was significantly altered compared to wild-type mice. Of these, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which is responsible for the conversion of inert cortisone (11-dehydrocorticosterone, DHC in rodents) to active cortisol (corticosterone) in the liver and adipose tissues, has not been identified previously as an IGF-I target in pancreatic islets. We characterized the changes in its protein level, enzyme activity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In freshly isolated islets, the level of 11β-HSD1 protein was significantly lower in MT-IGF mice. Using dual-labeled immunofluorescence, 11β-HSD1 was observed exclusively in glucagon-producing, islet α-cells but at a lower level in transgenic vs. wild-type animals. MT-IGF islets also exhibited reduced enzymatic activities. Dexamethasone (DEX) and DHC inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from freshly isolated islets of wild-type mice. In the islets of MT-IGF mice, 48-h pre-incubation of DEX caused a significant decrease in insulin release, while the effect of DHC was largely blunted consistent with diminished 11β-HSD1 activity. In order to establish the function of intracrine glucocorticoids, we overexpressed 11β-HSD1 cDNA in MIN6 insulinoma cells, which together with DHC caused apoptosis and a significant decrease in proliferation. Both effects were abolished with the treatment of an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Our results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of IGF-I on 11β-HSD1 expression and activity within the pancreatic islets, which may mediate part of the IGF-I effects on cell proliferation, survival and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chowdhury
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Larson Grimm
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ying Jia Kate Gong
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Beixi Wang
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bing Li
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Coimbatore B. Srikant
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Salmon AB, Lerner C, Ikeno Y, Motch Perrine SM, McCarter R, Sell C. Altered metabolism and resistance to obesity in long-lived mice producing reduced levels of IGF-I. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E545-53. [PMID: 25648834 PMCID: PMC4385875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00558.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The extension of lifespan due to reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) signaling in mice has been proposed to be mediated through alterations in metabolism. Previously, we showed that mice homozygous for an insertion in the Igf1 allele have reduced levels of IGF-I, are smaller, and have an extension of maximum lifespan. Here, we tested whether this specific reduction of IGF-I alters glucose metabolism both on normal rodent chow and in response to high-fat feeding. We found that female IGF-I-deficient mice were lean on a standard rodent diet but paradoxically displayed an insulin-resistant phenotype. However, these mice gained significantly less weight than normal controls when placed on a high-fat diet. In control animals, insulin response was significantly impaired by high-fat feeding, whereas IGF-I-deficient mice showed a much smaller shift in insulin response after high-fat feeding. Gluconeogenesis was also elevated in the IGF-I-deficient mice relative to controls on both normal and high-fat diet. An analysis of metabolism and respiratory quotient over 24 h indicated that the IGF-I-deficient mice preferentially utilized fatty acids as an energy source when placed on a high-fat diet. These results indicate that reduction in the circulating and tissue IGF-I levels can produce a metabolic phenotype in female mice that increases peripheral insulin resistance but renders animals resistant to the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, and The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, Texas;
| | - Chad Lerner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susan M Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Roger McCarter
- Center for Developmental and Health Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Yang KT, Bayan JA, Zeng N, Aggarwal R, He L, Peng Z, Kassa A, Kim M, Luo Z, Shi Z, Medina V, Boddupally K, Stiles BL. Adult-onset deletion of Pten increases islet mass and beta cell proliferation in mice. Diabetologia 2014; 57:352-61. [PMID: 24162585 PMCID: PMC3918745 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adult beta cells have a diminished ability to proliferate. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a lipid phosphatase that antagonises the function of the mitogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The objective of this study was to understand the role of PTEN and PI3K signalling in the maintenance of beta cells postnatally. METHODS We developed a Pten (lox/lox); Rosa26 (lacZ); RIP-CreER (+) model that permitted us to induce Pten deletion by treatment with tamoxifen in mature animals. We evaluated islet mass and function as well as beta cell proliferation in 3- and 12-month-old mice treated with tamoxifen (Pten deleted) vs mice treated with vehicle (Pten control). RESULTS Deletion of Pten in juvenile (3-month-old) beta cells significantly induced their proliferation and increased islet mass. The expansion of islet mass occurred concomitantly with the enhanced ability of the Pten-deleted mice to maintain euglycaemia in response to streptozotocin treatment. In older mice (>12 months of age), deletion of Pten similarly increased islet mass and beta cell proliferation. This novel finding suggests that PTEN-regulated mechanisms may override the age-onset diminished ability of beta cells to respond to mitogenic stimulation. We also found that proteins regulating G1/S cell-cycle transition, such as cyclin D1, cyclin D2, p27 and p16, were altered when PTEN was lost, suggesting that they may play a role in PTEN/PI3K-regulated beta cell proliferation in adult tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The signals regulated by the PTEN/PI3K pathway are important for postnatal maintenance of beta cells and regulation of their proliferation in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Zeng N, Yang KT, Bayan JA, He L, Aggarwal R, Stiles JW, Hou X, Medina V, Abad D, Palian BM, Al-Abdullah I, Kandeel F, Johnson DL, Stiles BL. PTEN controls β-cell regeneration in aged mice by regulating cell cycle inhibitor p16ink4a. Aging Cell 2013; 12:1000-11. [PMID: 23826727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration diminishes with age, concurrent with declining hormone levels including growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We investigated the molecular basis for such decline in pancreatic β-cells where loss of proliferation occurs early in age and is proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. We studied the regeneration capacity of β-cells in mouse model where PI3K/AKT pathway downstream of insulin/IGF-1 signaling is upregulated by genetic deletion of Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) specifically in insulin-producing cells. In this model, PTEN loss prevents the decline in proliferation capacity in aged β-cells and restores the ability of aged β-cells to respond to injury-induced regeneration. Using several animal and cell models where we can manipulate PTEN expression, we found that PTEN blocks cell cycle re-entry through a novel pathway leading to an increase in p16(ink4a), a cell cycle inhibitor characterized for its role in cellular senescence/aging. A downregulation in p16(ink4a) occurs when PTEN is lost as a result of cyclin D1 induction and the activation of E2F transcription factors. The activation of E2F transcriptional factors leads to methylation of p16(ink4a) promoter, an event that is mediated by the upregulation of polycomb protein, Ezh2. These analyses establish a novel PTEN/cyclin D1/E2F/Ezh2/p16(ink4a) signaling network responsible for the aging process and provide specific evidence for a molecular paradigm that explain how decline in growth factor signals such as IGF-1 (through PTEN/PI3K signaling) may control regeneration and the lack thereof in aging cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Kai-Ting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | - Jennifer-Ann Bayan
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Joseph W. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Vivian Medina
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Danny Abad
- Islet Transplant Center; City of Hope; Duarte CA 91010 USA
| | - Beth M. Palian
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | | | - Fouad Kandeel
- Islet Transplant Center; City of Hope; Duarte CA 91010 USA
| | - Deborah L. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
- Department of Pathology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90033 USA
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15
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Kim SJ, Ju A, Lim SG, Kim DJ. Chronic alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and growth hormone (GH) in ethanol-treated diabetic rats. Life Sci 2013; 93:778-82. [PMID: 24084046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol has deleterious influences on glucose metabolism which may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and growth hormone (GH), which interact with insulin to modulate metabolic control, have been shown to be related to impaired glucose tolerance. This study was conducted to assess the possibility that altered circulating IGF-I and GH levels contribute to the exacerbation of T2DM by alcohol use in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. MAIN METHOD OLETF rats were pair-fed a Lieber-DeCarli Regular Ethanol diet and LETO rats were pair-fed a control diet for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, an Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test (IP-GTT) was performed and IGF-I and GH levels were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Prior to an IP-GTT, OLETF-Ethanol (O-E) group had significantly a decrease in the mean glucose levels compared to OLETF-Control (O-C) group. At 120 min post IP-GTT, the O-E group had significantly an increase in the mean glucose levels compared to O-C group. The serum IGF-I levels were significantly lower and the serum GH levels were significantly higher in the O-E group than in L-C group. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that IGF-I and GH are prominent in defining the risk and development of T2DM, and may be adversely affected by heavy alcohol use, possibly mediating its diabetogenic effects. Thus, the overall glucose intolerance in the setting of alcoholism may be attributable to inappropriate alteration of IGF-I and GH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wu Y, Sun H, Basta-Pljakic J, Cardoso L, Kennedy OD, Jasper H, Domené H, Karabatas L, Guida C, Schaffler MB, Rosen CJ, Yakar S. Serum IGF-1 is insufficient to restore skeletal size in the total absence of the growth hormone receptor. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1575-86. [PMID: 23456957 PMCID: PMC3843230 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
States of growth hormone (GH) resistance, such those observed in Laron dwarf patients, are characterized by mutations in the GH receptor (GHR), decreased serum and tissue IGF-1 levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired skeletal acquisition. IGF-1 replacement therapy in such patients increases growth velocity but does not normalize growth. Herein we combined the GH-resistant (GHR knockout [GHRKO]) mouse model with mice expressing the hepatic Igf-1 transgene (HIT) to generate the GHRKO-HIT mouse model. In GHRKO-HIT mice, serum IGF-1 levels were restored via transgenic expression of Igf-1, allowing us to study how endocrine IGF-1 affects growth, metabolic homeostasis, and skeletal integrity. We show that in a GH-resistant state, normalization of serum IGF-1 improved body adiposity and restored glucose tolerance but was insufficient to support normal skeletal growth, resulting in an osteopenic skeletal phenotype. The inability of serum IGF-1 to restore skeletal integrity in the total absence of GHR likely resulted from reduced skeletal Igf-1 gene expression, blunted GH-mediated effects on the skeleton that are independent of serum or tissue IGF-1, and poor delivery of IGF-1 to the tissues. These findings are consistent with clinical data showing that IGF-I replacement therapy in patients with Laron syndrome does not achieve full skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- College of Integrative Medicine and Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Sun
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jelena Basta-Pljakic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Oran D Kennedy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Hector Jasper
- Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, R. Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Domené
- Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, R. Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Karabatas
- Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, R. Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Guida
- Endocrinology Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, R. Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | | | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
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17
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Pullen TJ, Sylow L, Sun G, Halestrap AP, Richter EA, Rutter GA. Overexpression of monocarboxylate transporter-1 (SLC16A1) in mouse pancreatic β-cells leads to relative hyperinsulinism during exercise. Diabetes 2012; 61:1719-25. [PMID: 22522610 PMCID: PMC3379650 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (EIHI) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion in response to vigorous physical exercise or pyruvate injection. Activating mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) promoter have been linked to EIHI. Expression of this pyruvate transporter is specifically repressed (disallowed) in pancreatic β-cells, despite nearly universal expression across other tissues. It has been impossible to determine, however, whether EIHI mutations cause MCT1 expression in patient β-cells. The hypothesis that MCT1 expression in β-cells is sufficient to cause EIHI by allowing entry of pyruvate and triggering insulin secretion thus remains unproven. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse capable of doxycycline-induced, β-cell-specific overexpression of MCT1 to test this model directly. MCT1 expression caused isolated islets to secrete insulin in response to pyruvate, without affecting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In vivo, transgene induction lowered fasting blood glucose, mimicking EIHI. Pyruvate challenge stimulated increased plasma insulin and smaller excursions in blood glucose in transgenic mice. Finally, in response to exercise, transgene induction prevented the normal inhibition of insulin secretion. Forced overexpression of MCT1 in β-cells thus replicates the key features of EIHI and highlights the importance of this transporter's absence from these cells for the normal control of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gao Sun
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Halestrap
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Corresponding author: Guy A. Rutter,
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18
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Conway BN, Shu XO, Zhang X, Xiang YB, Cai H, Li H, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W. Age at menarche, the leg length to sitting height ratio, and risk of diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men and women. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30625. [PMID: 22448212 PMCID: PMC3309033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the associations of age at menarche and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio, markers of adolescent growth, with risk of diabetes in later life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information from 69,385 women and 55,311 men, aged 40-74 years from the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study, were included in the current analyses. Diabetes status was ascertained through biennial in person follow-up. Cox models, with age as the time scale, were used. RESULTS There were 2369 cases of diabetes (1831 women; 538 men) during an average of 7.3 and 3.6 years of follow-up of the women and men, respectively. In females, menarche age was inversely associated with diabetes risk after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income (HR = 0.95, 0.92-0.98). In both genders, leg length-to-sitting-height ratio was inversely related to diabetes (HR = 0.88, 0.80-0.97 for men; HR = 0.91, 0.86-0.96 for women) after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income. Further adjustment for adult BMI at study enrollment completely eliminated the associations of age at menarche (HR = 0.99, 0.96-1.02) and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio (HR = 1.00, 0.91-1.10 for men; HR = 1.01, 0.96-1.07 for women) with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that markers of an early age at peak height velocity, i.e. early menarche age and low leg-length-to-sitting height ratio, may be associated with diabetes risk later in life and this association is likely to be mediated through obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baqiyyah N. Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Buishand FO, van Erp MG, Groenveld HA, Mol JA, Kik M, Robben JH, Kooistra HS, Kirpensteijn J. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 by canine insulinomas and their metastases. Vet J 2012; 191:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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IGF-1 induction by acylated steryl β-glucosides found in a pre-germinated brown rice diet reduces oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28693. [PMID: 22194889 PMCID: PMC3237479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathology of diabetic neuropathy involves oxidative stress on pancreatic β-cells, and is related to decreased levels of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Acylated steryl β-glucoside (PR-ASG) found in pre-germiated brown rice is a bioactive substance exhibiting properties that enhance activity of homocysteine-thiolactonase (HTase), reducing oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy. The biological importance of PR-ASG in pancreatic β-cells remains unknown. Here we examined the effects of PR-ASG on IGF-1 and glucose metabolism in β-cells exposed to oxidative stress. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, a pre-germinated brown rice (PR)-diet was tested in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Compared with diabetic rats fed control diets, the PR-diet fed rats showed an improvement of serum metabolic and neurophysiological parameters. In addition, IGF-1 levels were found to be increased in the serum, liver, and pancreas of diabetic rats fed the PR-diet. The increased IGF-1 level in the pancreas led us to hypothesize that PR-ASG is protective for islet β-cells against the extensive injury of advanced or severe diabetes. Thus we examined PR-ASG to determine whether it showed anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative effects on the insulin-secreting β-cells line, INS-1; and additionally, whether PR-ASG stimulated IGF-1 autocrine secretion/IGF-1-dependent glucose metabolism. We have demonstrated for the first time that PR-ASG increases IGF-1 production and secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion/Significance These findings suggest that PR-ASG may affect pancreatic β-cells through the activation of an IGF-1-dependent mechanism in the diabetic condition. Thus, intake of pre-germinated brown rice may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes, in particular diabetic neuropathy.
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Nguyen KH, Yao XH, Moulik S, Mishra S, Nyomba BLG. Human IGF binding protein-3 overexpression impairs glucose regulation in mice via an inhibition of insulin secretion. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2184-96. [PMID: 21447640 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human IGF binding protein-3 (hIGFBP-3) overexpression in mice causes hyperglycemia, but its effect on β-cell function is unknown. We compared wild-type mice with mice overexpressing hIGFBP-3 [phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK)BP3] and mutant (Gly⁵⁶/Gly⁸⁰/Gly⁸¹)hIGFBP-3 devoid of IGF binding affinity (PGKmBP3). Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and glucose, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, and insulin were determined. Pancreatic sections were used for islet histomorphometry and stained with antibodies against insulin, glucagon, and hIGFBP-3. Pancreatic islets were isolated to determine the expression of IGFBP-3, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was measured using both islet batch incubation and perifusion. IGFBP-3 was expressed in β-cells but not in other islet cell types. Fasting glucose concentration was elevated in PGKBP3 mice (6.27 ± 0.31 mm) compared with PGKmBP3 mice (3.98 ± 0.36 mm) and wild-type mice (4.84 ± 0.07 mm). During glucose tolerance test, glucose declined more slowly in PGKBP3 and PGKmBP3 mice than in wild-type mice, and insulin secretion was impaired in PGKBP3 mice. During insulin tolerance test, insulin declined more slowly in both transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Insulin secretion in islets incubated with 3.3 mm glucose was similar among groups, but islet insulin response to 16.7 mm glucose alone, or with carbachol and cAMP enhancers, was reduced in PGKBP3 and PGKmBP3 mice compared with wild-type controls. ATP content, Akt phosphorylation, and phosphoglucose isomerase activity were reduced in islets from both transgenic mice. Thus, overexpression of hIGFBP-3 in mice delays in vivo insulin clearance and reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets by both IGF-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoa Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Deletion of the Men1 gene prevents streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2010:876701. [PMID: 21318185 PMCID: PMC3034935 DOI: 10.1155/2010/876701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes ultimately results from an inadequate number of functional beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Enhancing proliferation of functional endogenous beta cells to treat diabetes remains underexplored. Here, we report that excision of the Men1 gene, whose loss-of-function mutation leads to inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), rendered resistant to streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in a tamoxifen-inducible and temporally controlled Men1 excision mouse model as well as in a tissue-specific Men1 excision mouse model. Men1 excision prevented mice from streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia mainly through increasing the number of functional beta cells. BrdU incorporation by beta cells, islet size, and circulating insulin levels were significantly increased in Men1-excised mice. Membrane localization of glucose transporter 2 was largely preserved in Men1-excised beta cells, but not in Men1-expressing beta cells. Our findings suggest that repression of menin, a protein encoded by the Men1 gene, might be a valuable means to maintain or increase the number of functional endogenous beta cells to prevent or ameliorate diabetes.
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Li B, Wang X, Liu JL. Pancreatic acinar-specific overexpression of Reg2 gene offered no protection against either experimental diabetes or pancreatitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G413-21. [PMID: 20489047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00500.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reg proteins are normally expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, and the level of several of these proteins was significantly induced upon damage to the endocrine or exocrine pancreas. It has been established that Reg1 and pancreatic islet neogenesis-associated protein [INGAP, Reg3delta] promote the growth or regeneration of the endocrine islet cells. Recent reports suggest that Reg2 is an autoantigen normally expressed in islet beta-cells. Reg2 overexpression in vitro offered protection to insulinoma cells. Overexpressed Reg3alpha increased cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels and the rate of proliferation in insulinoma cells. Acinar-specific overexpression of INGAP increased beta-cell mass and protected the animals from streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Moreover, Reg2 gene expression was induced during pancreatitis. We hypothesized that Reg2 is a secreted protein that promotes the growth, survival, and/or regeneration of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells. To test its effectiveness, we used elastase-1 promoter (Ela-Reg2) to develop an acinar cell-specific overexpression of the Reg2 gene. Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry revealed barely detectable levels of endogenous Reg2 in the pancreas of normal wild-type mice and increased Reg2 levels in the pancreas of Ela-Reg2 mice that were similar to or higher than Reg2 levels induced in experimental diabetes or pancreatitis. Compared with wild-type littermates, growth, blood glucose and insulin levels, and glucose tolerance were normal in Ela-Reg2 mice; pancreatic histology revealed no change in endocrine or exocrine tissues. Acinar-specific overexpression of the Reg2 gene offered no protection against streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damage and diabetes, in hyperglycemia and weight loss, and no advantage in restoring glucose homeostasis and islet function within 3 mo. Furthermore, serum amylase level and pancreatic histochemistry showed that Reg2 overexpression did not protect acinar cells against caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. In contrast to INGAP or Reg3beta, exocrine overexpression of Reg2 offered no protection to the endocrine or exocrine pancreas, indicating clear subtype specificities of the Reg family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bruin JE, Petrik JJ, Hyslop JR, Raha S, Tarnopolsky MA, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Rosiglitazone improves pancreatic mitochondrial function in an animal model of dysglycemia: role of the insulin-like growth factor axis. Endocrine 2010; 37:303-11. [PMID: 20960268 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve insulin sensitivity and maintain beta cell mass. This study examined whether this effect is attributable to improved mitochondrial function in the pancreas and the potential involvement of the pancreatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in mediating this effect. Female Wistar rats were given either saline (vehicle) or nicotine (1 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) during pregnancy and lactation. Following weaning, nicotine-exposed offspring were randomized to receive either vehicle or rosiglitazone (3 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) until 26 weeks of age when serum and pancreas tissue were collected. The effect of rosiglitazone on nicotine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was also examined in vitro. Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure resulted in structural and functional mitochondrial deficits relative to saline controls. The nicotine-induced mitochondrial defects were attenuated by postnatal rosiglitazone administration. A similar effect was observed in vitro; nicotine (25 ng/ml) inhibited beta cell mitochondrial function and co-treatment with rosiglitazone (1 μM) restored enzyme activity to control levels. Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure also altered key components of the adult pancreatic IGF axis, an effect that was not prevented by rosiglitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone treatment maintains mitochondrial structure and function in the pancreas of rats that are prone to diabetes, as well as mitochondrial function in beta cell culture. We propose that this may be an important part of the mechanism by which rosiglitazone improves beta cell mass and prevents diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose. The underlying mechanism through which rosiglitazone targets the mitochondria remains to be determined, but does not appear to involve the IGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bruin
- Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Robertson K, Dong J, De Jesus K, Liu JL. IGF-I overexpression does not promote compensatory islet cell growth in diet-induced obesity. Endocrine 2010; 37:47-54. [PMID: 19876774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although IGF-I was known to stimulate the growth of pancreatic islet cells from early in vitro experiments and in vivo reports on rodents, recent gene targeting experiments have indicated that IGF-I and its receptor do not play a major role in normal islet cell growth. In our previous reports, liver- or pancreatic-specific IGF-I deficiency caused no decrease in β-cell mass; a general and β-cell-enriched IGF-I overexpression caused no change in normal islet cell growth. On the other hand, increased metabolic demands (such as in obesity and insulin resistance) result in β-cell compensation in cell number and insulin secretion. In order to test whether IGF-I could promote islet cell growth and facilitate islet compensation due to obesity-induced insulin resistance, we have challenged MT-IGF mice to a high-fat diet. After 28 weeks, both MT-IGF mice and wild-type littermates gained comparable 40-57% of body weight, with similar increases in fat masses; all mice maintained a normal sensitivity to insulin and did not become severely hyperglycemic. Nevertheless, compared to wild-type littermates, the equally obese MT-IGF mice maintained improved glucose tolerance and a diminished insulin level; similar to when fed a normal chow diet. More importantly, under IGF-I overexpression, there was no further increase in β-cell mass caused by obesity. Thus, IGF-I overexpression had no significant effect on weight gain and islet cell compensation in response to high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Robertson
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Room H5-21, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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De Jesus K, Wang X, Liu JL. A general IGF-I overexpression effectively rescued somatic growth and bone deficiency in mice caused by growth hormone receptor knockout. Growth Factors 2009; 27:438-47. [PMID: 19824875 DOI: 10.3109/08977190903299270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are essential for postnatal somatic growth, while exerting distinct effects on energy homeostasis. Although growth hormone controls IGF-I production, whether IGF-I was the exclusive mediator of its growth promotion is still debated. In order to further explore their in vivo interactions in somatic growth as well as in energy homeostasis, we have crossed mutant (MT-IGF) transgenic mice onto the GHR - / - background. As expected, GHR gene deficiency caused growth retardation, including significant decreases in lumbar, femur and total body lengths, as well as decreased bone area, mineral content and mineral density. IGF-I overexpression alone in MT-IGF mice increased the weight, with no significant change in bone mineralization or longitudinal growth. Compared to GHR - / - littermates, overexpressed IGF-I in bitransgenic mice (GHR - / - and MT-IGF positive) exhibited fully restored body weight, lumbar (but not femur) and total body lengths, and normalized overall bone area, mineral content and density. On the other hand, there were significant changes in fasting glucose level, glucose tolerance, lean/fat masses and even adipose histology as a result of the transgenic/knockout double-crossing. IGF-I overexpression normalized glucose tolerance in GHR - / - mice. Intriguingly, on GHR+/ - background of partial growth hormone insensitivity, overexpression of IGF-I caused a significant weight gain. Our results thus establish that the growth defect and bone deficiency caused by lack of growth hormone signaling can be effectively restored by increasing IGF-I production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine De Jesus
- Fraser Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Cui W, De Jesus K, Zhao H, Takasawa S, Shi B, Srikant CB, Liu JL. Overexpression of Reg3alpha increases cell growth and the levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in insulinoma cells. Growth Factors 2009; 27:195-202. [PMID: 19343564 DOI: 10.1080/08977190902863548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating gene (Reg) family protein Reg3alpha is normally expressed in pancreatic acinar and endocrine cells. In order to explore its effect on islet beta-cell replication, insulinoma MIN6 cells were stably transfected with murine Reg3alpha cDNA. Determined using real-time PCR and Western blots, the levels of Reg3alpha mRNA and protein in Reg3alpha-transfected clones were increased 10- and 6-fold, respectively. Western blots also revealed that the protein was released into the culture medium, consistent with an endocrine effect. In MTT cell proliferation assay, Reg3alpha-overexpressing cells exhibited a 2-fold increase in the rate of cell growth. In order to investigate the intracellular mechanism, we studied cell cycle regulatory proteins. In Reg3alpha-expressing cells, we detected 2.2- and 2.5-fold increased levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4, respectively, which paralleled a 1.8-fold increase in the rate of Akt phosphorylation. It is established that beta-cell replication is associated with increased cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels; deficiency in CDK4 or cyclin D2 results in reduced beta-cell mass and diabetes. Our results suggest that Reg3alpha stimulates beta-cell replication, by activating Akt kinase and increasing the levels of cyclin D1/CDK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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28
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Vardatsikos G, Sahu A, Srivastava AK. The insulin-like growth factor family: molecular mechanisms, redox regulation, and clinical implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1165-90. [PMID: 19014342 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-induced signaling networks are vital in modulating multiple fundamental cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Aberrations in the generation or action of IGF have been suggested to play an important role in several pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple types of cancer. Yet the exact mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases by IGFs remains obscure. Redox pathways involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the pathogenetic mechanism of various diseases by modifying key signaling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Furthermore, ROS and RNS have been demonstrated to alter IGF production and/or action, and vice versa, and thereby have the ability to modulate cellular functions, leading to clinical manifestations of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview on the IGF system and discuss the potential role of IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor and redox pathways in the pathophysiology of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vardatsikos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Murray HE, Paget MB, Bailey CJ, Downing R. Sustained insulin secretory response in human islets co-cultured with pancreatic duct-derived epithelial cells within a rotational cell culture system. Diabetologia 2009; 52:477-85. [PMID: 19130038 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Loss of the trophic support provided by surrounding non-endocrine pancreatic cell populations underlies the decline in beta cell mass and insulin secretory function observed in human islets following isolation and culture. This study sought to determine whether restoration of regulatory influences mediated by ductal epithelial cells promotes sustained beta cell function in vitro. METHODS Human islets were isolated according to existing protocols. Ductal epithelial cells were harvested from the exocrine tissue remaining after islet isolation, expanded in monolayer culture and characterised using fluorescence immunocytochemistry. The two cell types were co-cultured under conventional static culture conditions or within a rotational cell culture system. The effect of co-culture on islet structural integrity, beta cell mass and insulin secretory capacity was observed for 10 days following isolation. RESULTS Human islets maintained under conventional culture conditions exhibited a characteristic loss in structural integrity and functional viability as indicated by a diminution of glucose responsiveness. By contrast, co-culture of islets with ductal epithelial cells led to preserved islet morphology and sustained beta cell function, most evident in co-cultures held within the rotational cell culture system, which showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater insulin secretory response to elevated glucose compared with control islets. Similarly, insulin/protein ratio data suggested that the presence of ductal epithelial cells is beneficial for the maintenance of beta cell mass. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The data indicate a supportive role for ductal epithelial cells in islet viability. Further characterisation of the regulatory influences may lead to novel strategies to improve long-term beta cell function both in vitro and following islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Murray
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Newtown Road, Worcester, WR5 1HN, UK.
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30
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Sachdeva MM, Stoffers DA. Minireview: Meeting the demand for insulin: molecular mechanisms of adaptive postnatal beta-cell mass expansion. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:747-58. [PMID: 19196831 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes results from pancreatic ss-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. This model of disease progression has received recent support from the results of genome-wide association studies that identify genes potentially regulating ss-cell growth and function as type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. Normal ss-cell compensation for an increased insulin demand includes both enhanced insulin-secretory capacity and an expansion of morphological ss-cell mass, due largely to changes in the balance between ss-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recent years have brought significant progress in the understanding of both extrinsic signals stimulating ss-cell growth as well as mediators intrinsic to the ss-cell that regulate the compensatory response. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms underlying adaptive expansion of ss-cell mass, focusing on lessons learned from experimental models of physiologically occurring insulin-resistant states including diet-induced obesity and pregnancy, and highlighting the potential importance of interorgan cross talk. The identification of critical mediators of islet compensation may direct the development of future therapeutic strategies to enhance the response of ss-cells to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira M Sachdeva
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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31
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Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J, Ho GYF, Kaplan RC, Muzumdar R, Rohan TE, Strickler HD. The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:3-12. [PMID: 19145587 PMCID: PMC4153414 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the possible role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis in normal glucose homoeostasis and in the etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. IGF-I, a peptide hormone, shares amino acid sequence homology with insulin and has insulin-like activity; most notably, the promotion of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. Type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetic states, including impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, are associated cross-sectionally with altered circulating levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins (IGFBPs). Administration of recombinant human IGF-I has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals as well as in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Further, IGF-I may have beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and on pancreatic beta-cell mass and function. There is considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in endogenous levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins; however, the relationship between these variations and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes has not been extensively investigated. Large prospective studies are required to evaluate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N. Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Department of, Epidemiology and Population, Health, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Gloria Y. F. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics and, Medicine, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
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Agudo J, Ayuso E, Jimenez V, Salavert A, Casellas A, Tafuro S, Haurigot V, Ruberte J, Segovia JC, Bueren J, Bosch F. IGF-I mediates regeneration of endocrine pancreas by increasing beta cell replication through cell cycle protein modulation in mice. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1862-72. [PMID: 18663428 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recovery from diabetes requires restoration of beta cell mass. Igf1 expression in beta cells of transgenic mice regenerates the endocrine pancreas during type 1 diabetes. However, the IGF-I-mediated mechanism(s) restoring beta cell mass are not fully understood. Here, we examined the contribution of pre-existing beta cell proliferation and transdifferentiation of progenitor cells from bone marrow in IGF-I-induced islet regeneration. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Igf1-expressing transgenic mice transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bone marrow cells were used. Bone marrow cell transdifferentiation and beta cell replication were measured by GFP/insulin and by the antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki67/insulin immunostaining of pancreatic sections respectively. Key cell cycle proteins were measured by western blot, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Despite elevated IGF-I production, recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow cells to beta cells was not increased either in healthy or STZ-treated transgenic mice. In contrast, after STZ treatment, IGF-I overproduction decreased beta cell apoptosis and increased beta cell replication by modulating key cell cycle proteins. Decreased nuclear levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27) and increased nuclear localisation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4 were consistent with increased beta cell proliferation. However, islet expression of cyclin D1 increased only after STZ treatment. In contrast, higher levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) were detected in islets from non-STZ-treated transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that IGF-I modulates cell cycle proteins and increases replication of pre-existing beta cells after damage. Therefore, our study suggests that local production of IGF-I may be a safe approach to regenerate endocrine pancreas to reverse diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agudo
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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