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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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2
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Engin A. Adiponectin Resistance in Obesity: Adiponectin Leptin/Insulin Interaction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:431-462. [PMID: 39287861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The adiponectin (APN) levels in obesity are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expression and differential adiponectin-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in obese individuals. In addition to decrease in adiponectin concentrations, the decline in AdipoR1/R2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression leads to a decrement in adiponectin binding to cell membrane, and this turns into attenuation in the adiponectin effects. This is defined as APN resistance, and it is linked with insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed subjects. The insulin-resistant group has a significantly higher leptin-to-APN ratio. The leptin-to-APN ratio is more than twofold higher in obese individuals. An increase in expression of AdipoRs restores insulin sensitivity and β-oxidation of fatty acids via triggering intracellular signal cascades. The ratio of high molecular weight to total APN is defined as the APN sensitivity index (ASI). This index is correlated to insulin sensitivity. Homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA)-APN and HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are the most suitable methods to estimate the metabolic risk in metabolic syndrome. While morbidly obese patients display a significantly higher plasma leptin and soluble (s)E-selectin concentrations, leptin-to-APN ratio, there is a significant negative correlation between leptin-to-APN ratio and sP-selectin in obese patients. When comparing the metabolic dysregulated obese group with the metabolically healthy obese group, postprandial triglyceride clearance, insulin resistance, and leptin resistance are significantly delayed following the oral fat tolerance test in the first group. A neuropeptide, Spexin (SPX), is positively correlated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and APN. APN resistance together with insulin resistance forms a vicious cycle. Despite normal or high APN levels, an impaired post-receptor signaling due to adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1)/APPL2 may alter APN efficiency and activity. However, APPL2 blocks adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 because of the competitive inhibition of APPL1. APPL1, the intracellular binding partner of AdipoRs, is also an important mediator of adiponectin-dependent insulin sensitization. The elevated adiponectin levels with adiponectin resistance are compensatory responses in the condition of an unusual discordance between insulin resistance and APN unresponsiveness. Hypothalamic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-leptin (Lep) gene therapy reduces serum APN levels, and it is a more efficient strategy for long-term weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tao Z, Jin Z, Wu J, Cai G, Yu X. Sirtuin family in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186231. [PMID: 37483618 PMCID: PMC10357840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, epigenetic modifications have been widely researched. As humans age, environmental and genetic factors may drive inflammation and immune responses by influencing the epigenome, which can lead to abnormal autoimmune responses in the body. Currently, an increasing number of studies have emphasized the important role of epigenetic modification in the progression of autoimmune diseases. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are class III nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases and SIRT-mediated deacetylation is an important epigenetic alteration. The SIRT family comprises seven protein members (namely, SIRT1-7). While the catalytic core domain contains amino acid residues that have remained stable throughout the entire evolutionary process, the N- and C-terminal regions are structurally divergent and contribute to differences in subcellular localization, enzymatic activity and substrate specificity. SIRT1 and SIRT2 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are mitochondrial, and SIRT6 and SIRT7 are predominantly found in the nucleus. SIRTs are key regulators of various physiological processes such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, ageing, immune response, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. We discuss the association between SIRTs and common autoimmune diseases to facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Tao
- Science and Education Section, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ultrasonics, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Jin
- Clinical Lab, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiabiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaojun Cai
- Cardiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Science and Education Section, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ultrasonics, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Kunutsor SK. Obesity or adipokines-which should be targeted for venous thromboembolism prevention? JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:195-197. [PMID: 36775413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cui MY, Yi X, Cao ZZ, Zhu DX, Wu J. Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4257359. [PMID: 36106333 PMCID: PMC9467784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4257359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is of high importance to occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. As evidenced by recent studies, pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, and Hippo) are critical to the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of esophageal cancer. In addition, the above pathways play a certain role in regulating esophageal cancer and act as potential therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, the function of lipid metabolism in controlling tumor cells and immune cells has aroused extensive attention. It has been reported that there are intricate interactions between lipid metabolism reprogramming between immune and esophageal cancer cells, whereas molecular mechanisms should be studied in depth. Immune cells have been commonly recognized as a vital player in the esophageal cancer microenvironment, having complex crosstalk with cancer cells. It is increasingly evidenced that the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, the latest findings in lipid metabolism reprogramming in TME are summarized, and the above findings are linked to esophageal cancer progression. Aberrant lipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are likely to serve as a novel strategy to treat esophageal cancer through lipid metabolism reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Cui
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Inhibition of palmitic acid induced adipogenesis by natural polyphenols in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:396-407. [PMID: 35678984 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary free fatty acids induce preadipocyte differentiation in the presence of a hormonal cocktail in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Plant polyphenols are curb adipocyte differentiation and protect from metabolic stress. In the present study, we examined the effects of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA) in presence of flavonoids, chrysin (CR) and hesperidin (HD) and phenolic acid, syringic acid (SYA) and sinapic acid (SIA). Adipocytes were incubated for 10 d with 100 μmol of PA along with 10-100 µmol CR/HD and 100-1000 µmol SYA/SIA. PA induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells following 10 d of differentiation. Adipocytes treated with PA exhibited an increase of 300% in clonal population, 110% lipid and 172% reactive oxygen species accumulation. But treatment with CR, HD, SYA and SIA in the presence of PA concentration-dependent effect was observed. Concentrations of CR/HD and SYA/SIA inhibited PA-induced mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FAS and NOX4. Moreover, CR, HD, SYA and SIA did not exhibit toxicity in Drosophila DNA. In summary, these results suggest that dietary fatty acids act directly on adipocytes and addition of CR, HD, SYA and SIA resulted in reduction of PA-induced negative effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HIGHLIGHTS: • Palmitic acid, the common dietary free fatty acid, is known to induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. • Treatment of differentiating adipocytes with flavonoids and phenolic acids reduced palmitic acid-induced clonal expansion of preadipocytes. • Phytocompounds reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride production as well as ROS accumulation. • Thus, the phytocompounds showed effective anti-adipogenic activity even in palmitic acid challenged environment in adipocytes.
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Therapeutic Effects of Resveratrol on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, Metabolic, and Epigenetic Modifications. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2343:19-35. [PMID: 34473313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing around the world, in association with the progressive elevation in overweight and obesity. The accumulation of lipids in NAFLD patients contributes to the development of insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, and alteration of blood lipids and glycaemia. There are currently no effective pharmacological therapies for NAFLD, although lifestyle and dietary modifications targeting weight reduction are among the prevailing alternative approaches. For this reason, new approaches should be investigated. The natural polyphenol resveratrol represents a potential new treatment for management of NAFLD due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Although preclinical trials have demonstrated promising results of resveratrol against NALFD, the lack of conclusive results creates the need for more trials with larger numbers of patients, longer time courses, and standardized protocols.
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Cui ZY, Han X, Jiang YC, Dou JY, Yao KC, Hu ZH, Yuan MH, Bao XX, Zhou MJ, Liu Y, Lian LH, Zhang X, Nan JX, Wu YL. Allium victorialis L. Extracts Promote Activity of FXR to Ameliorate Alcoholic Liver Disease: Targeting Liver Lipid Deposition and Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738689. [PMID: 34690775 PMCID: PMC8531498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium victorialis L. (AVL) is a traditional medicinal plant recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica (the Ming Dynasty). In general, it is used for hemostasis, analgesia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and to especially facilitate hepatoprotective effect. In recent years, it has received more and more attention due to its special nutritional and medicinal value. The present study investigates the effect and potential mechanism of AVL against alcoholic liver disease (ALD). C57BL/6 mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% ethanol plus a single ethanol gavage (5 g/kg), and followed up with the administration of AVL or silymarin. AML12 cells were stimulated with ethanol and incubated with AVL. AVL significantly reduced serum transaminase and triglycerides in the liver and attenuated histopathological changes caused by ethanol. AVL significantly inhibited SREBP1 and its target genes, regulated lipin 1/2, increased PPARα and its target genes, and decreased PPARγ expression caused by ethanol. In addition, AVL significantly enhanced FXR, LXRs, Sirt1, and AMPK expressions compared with the EtOH group. AVL also inhibited inflammatory factors, NLRP3, and F4/80 and MPO, macrophage and neutrophil markers. In vitro, AVL significantly reduced lipid droplets, lipid metabolism enzymes, and inflammatory factors depending on FXR activation. AVL could ameliorate alcoholic steatohepatitis, lipid deposition and inflammation in ALD by targeting FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Han
- Chinese Medicine Processing Centre, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Yi Dou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Kun-Chen Yao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhong-He Hu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ming-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Bao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mei-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Cloves Regulate Na +-K +-ATPase to Exert Antioxidant Effect and Inhibit UVB Light-Induced Skin Damage in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5197919. [PMID: 34471465 PMCID: PMC8405327 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5197919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) on the mouse skin using a UVB-induced skin injury mouse model. The serum, liver, and skin indexes of mice were determined by kits, H&E tissue staining, and qPCR assay. The compound composition of cloves was determined by HPLC. The results showed that cloves increased the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the skin and then maintained the sodium and potassium pump in the damaged skin muscle membrane. Cloves alleviated the oxidative stress injury induced by UVB irradiation by normalizing the related oxidative stress indexes (T-SOD, CAT, AGEs, and H2O2) in serum and skin. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 occurred after treatment with cloves, which ultimately reduced the inflammatory damage to the body. Further results showed that cloves upregulate SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSH, IL-10, IκB-α, AMPK, SIRT1, LKB1, PGC-1α, APPL1, and FoxO1 and downregulate NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and mTOR mRNA expression in the skin tissues of UVB-damaged mice. The results of composition analysis showed that the five most abundant compounds in cloves are rutin, isoquercitrin, ferulic acid, dihydroquercetin, and quercitrin. Cloves regulate the skin sarcomembrane Na+-K+-ATPase through these five compounds, and because they regulate the oxidation, inflammation, and ATP energy consumption of the body, they subsequently protect the skin from UVB damage.
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Martini C, Sosa FN, Malvicini R, Pacienza N, Yannarelli G, Del C Vila M. Alendronate inhibits triglyceride accumulation and oxidative stress in adipocytes and the inflammatory response of macrophages which are associated with adipose tissue dysfunction. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:601-611. [PMID: 34302624 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alendronate, a bisphosphonate used to prevent osteoporosis, stimulates osteogenesis but impairs adipogenesis. Different clinical trials suggest that the incidence of diabetes may be lower in patients treated with alendronate. Taking into account the importance of adipocytes and macrophages of adipose tissue in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of alendronate in both cell types. In this paper, we investigated the effect of alendronate on the differentiation to adipocytes of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, the cell line most used to study adipogenesis, and also its effect on lipid content and oxidative stress in mature adipocytes as well as on the inflammatory response of macrophages. We found that alendronate inhibits differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes in keeping with reports in other cell lines. On the other hand, treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with alendronate was able to decrease triglyceride content and to prevent H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation which was evaluated as an indicator of oxidative stress. In addition, it was found that activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages to a pro-inflammatory M1 type is inhibited by this bisphosphonate. These results suggest that alendronate may contribute to prevent adipocyte excessive enlargement and the induction of oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as the activation of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory M1 type, which are events associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we unraveled the underlying mechanisms of events that were previously observed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Nicolas Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica Y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante Y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Solís 453, 1078, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pacienza
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica Y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante Y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Solís 453, 1078, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica Y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante Y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Solís 453, 1078, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del C Vila
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Eskandarani RM, Sawan S. Diabetic Ketoacidosis on Hospitalization with COVID-19 in a Previously Nondiabetic Patient: A Review of Pathophysiology. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2020; 13:1179551420984125. [PMID: 33488135 PMCID: PMC7768872 DOI: 10.1177/1179551420984125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia during inpatient admission is indicative of higher morbidity and mortality risks in critically ill patients. The severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported to induce ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) even in nondiabetic patients. The pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection that can contribute to hyperglycaemia, and the exacerbated inflammatory cytokine storm can overlap with the metabolic chronic inflammatory state attributable to the metabolic syndrome, which underlies diabetes mellitus. In this report, we explore the possible pathophysiology and metabolic mechanisms that lead to metabolic acidosis in nondiabetic patients.
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13
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Pushpakumar S, Ren L, Juin SK, Majumder S, Kulkarni R, Sen U. Methylation-dependent antioxidant-redox imbalance regulates hypertensive kidney injury in aging. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101754. [PMID: 33080442 PMCID: PMC7575806 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, and oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced kidney damage in aging. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) family is one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and several NADPH oxidase isoforms are highly expressed in the kidney. Although epigenetic protein modification plays a role in organ injury, the methylation of the oxidant-antioxidant defense system and their role in hypertension-induced kidney damage in aging remains underexplored. The present study investigated the role of NADPH oxidase 4, superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase, and NOS in Ang-II induced kidney damage in aging. Wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) mice aged 12-14 and 75-78 weeks were used and treated with or without Ang-II (1000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks with control mice receiving saline. Aged mice with or without Ang-II exhibited higher mean BP, lower renal blood flow, and decreased renal vascular density compared to young mice. While superoxide, 4-HNE, p22phox, Nox4, iNOS were increased in the aged kidney, the expression of eNOS, MnSOD, CuSOD, catalase, Sirt1, and -3 as well as the ratio of GSH/GSSG, and activities of SODs and catalase were decreased compared to young control mice. The changes further deteriorated with Ang-II treatment. In Ang-II treated aged mice, the expressions of DNMTs were increased and associated with increased methylation of SODs, Sirt1, and Nox4. We conclude that hypermethylation of antioxidant enzymes in the aged kidney during hypertension worsens redox imbalance leading to kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subir Kumar Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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14
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Priya Dharshini LC, Vishnupriya S, Sakthivel KM, Rasmi RR. Oxidative stress responsive transcription factors in cellular signalling transduction mechanisms. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109670. [PMID: 32418887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from the imbalances in the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants defence system resulting in tissue injury. A key issue resulting in the modulation of ROS is that it alters hosts molecular, structural and functional properties which is accomplished via various signalling pathways which either activate or inhibit numerous transcription factors (TFs). Some of the regulators include Nuclear erythroid-2 related factors (Nrf-2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD), Activator Protein-1 (AP-1), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1), Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Specificity Protein-1 (SP-1) and Forkhead Box class O (FoxO) transcription factors. The expression of these transcription factors are dependent upon the stress signal and are sometimes interlinked. They are highly specific having their own regulation cellular events. Depending upon the transcription factors and better knowledge on the type of the oxidative stress help researchers develop safe, novel targets which can serve as efficient therapeutic targets for several disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
| | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
| | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India.
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15
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Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Lauvai J, Becker AK, Lehnert K, Schumacher M, Hieronimus B, Vetter W, Graeve L. The Furan Fatty Acid 9M5 Acts as a Partial Ligand to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma and Enhances Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Lipids 2020; 54:277-288. [PMID: 31087413 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A food that has been praised for its beneficial effects on overall health is fish, particularly its polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, it has recently been suggested that minor fatty acids such as furan fatty acids are needed in combination with DHA and EPA to exert these positive effects of fish and fish oils. Only recently have furan fatty acids become available in quantities that allow the investigation of their biofunctional properties. In this study, the uptake and effect of the furan fatty acid 9-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (9M5) as a sole component and in combination with DHA and EPA on adipogenesis were analyzed using the 3T3-L1 cell model. 9M5 is taken up and metabolized into 7M5, 5M5, and 3M5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during a 24-h period as shown with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, 9M5 significantly increased lipid accumulation during the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. In addition, the combinations of DHA + 9M5 and EPA + DHA + 9M5 also exerted a significant increase compared to control adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells incubated with 9M5 resulted in an increased protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, and adiponectin, although not to the extent that DHA as a sole component or DHA + 9M5 did. Earlier studies have shown that DHA is a natural ligand for PPARγ, thus being a potential alternative to the antidiabetic thiazolidinediones. We show that 9M5 activates a PPARγ-responsive reporter gene and could therefore be a natural ligand for PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lauvai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna-Karina Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monika Schumacher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Hieronimus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Graeve
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Heo MJ, Kim TH, You JS, Blaya D, Sancho-Bru P, Kim SG. Alcohol dysregulates miR-148a in hepatocytes through FoxO1, facilitating pyroptosis via TXNIP overexpression. Gut 2019; 68:708-720. [PMID: 29475852 PMCID: PMC6581021 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of death among chronic liver diseases. However, its pathogenesis has not been completely established. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key contributors to liver diseases progression. This study investigated hepatocyte-abundant miRNAs dysregulated by ALD, its impact on hepatocyte injury and the underlying basis. DESIGN Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) human and animal liver samples and hepatocytes were used to assess miR-148a levels. Pre-miR-148a was delivered specifically to hepatocytes in vivo using lentivirus. Immunoblottings, luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were carried out in cell models. RESULTS The miRNA profile and PCR analyses enabled us to find substantial decrease of miR-148a in the liver of patients with AH. In mice subjected to Lieber-DeCarli alcohol diet or binge alcohol drinking, miR-148a levels were also markedly reduced. In cultured hepatocytes and mouse livers, alcohol exposure inhibited forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) expression, which correlated with miR-148a levels and significantly decreased in human AH specimens. FoxO1 was identified as a transcription factor for MIR148A transactivation. MiR-148a directly inhibited thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression. Consequently, treatment of hepatocytes with ethanol resulted in TXNIP overexpression, activating NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. These events were reversed by miR-148a mimic or TXNIP small-interfering RNA transfection. Hepatocyte-specific delivery of miR-148a to mice abrogated alcohol-induced TXNIP overexpression and inflammasome activation, attenuating liver injury. CONCLUSION Alcohol decreases miR-148a expression in hepatocytes through FoxO1, facilitating TXNIP overexpression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which induces hepatocyte pyroptosis. Our findings provide information on novel targets for reducing incidence and progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Delia Blaya
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticasy Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticasy Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Astragalosides IV protected the renal tubular epithelial cells from free fatty acids-induced injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:679-686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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19
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Genome-wide transcriptional changes in type 2 diabetic mice supplemented with lotus seed resistant starch. Food Chem 2018; 264:427-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Huang JJ, Zhang XX, Yan Y, Yin XW, Ping G, Jiang WM. Qing Gan Zi Shen Tang alleviates adipose tissue dysfunction with up-regulation of SIRT1 in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:246-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7580707. [PMID: 29849912 PMCID: PMC5907490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7580707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is involved in the synthesis and activation of many enzymes and in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose and lipids in humans. In addition, Mn is one of the required components for Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) that is mainly responsible for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Both Mn deficiency and intoxication are associated with adverse metabolic and neuropsychiatric effects. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD), obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatic steatosis, has increased dramatically. Previous studies have found that ROS generation, oxidative stress, and inflammation are critical for the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In addition, deficiency in dietary Mn as well as excessive Mn exposure could increase ROS generation and result in further oxidative stress. However, the relationship between Mn and metabolic diseases is not clear. In this review, we provide insights into the role Mn plays in the prevention and development of metabolic diseases.
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22
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Takagi M, Kimura K, Nakashima KI, Inoue M. Ameliorative effect of panaxynol on the reduction in high-molecular-weight adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitic acids. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:138-145. [PMID: 29248425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced plasma levels of the high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin, rather than total adiponectin levels, have been shown to be closely associated with various metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we sought to explore active, naturally occurring compounds that promote the recovery of HMW adiponectin secretion suppressed by palmitic acid in our model. A total of 90 crude drug extracts were screened for the ability to augment HMW adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitic acid. Panaxynol was isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata as an active compound with HMW adiponectin promoting properties. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists are reported to increase the secretion of HMW adiponectin, although the effects of panaxynol were found to be independent of PPARγ activation. When the underlying mechanisms were further examined, panaxynol was found to inhibit the palmitic-acid-induced downregulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) protein, and the anti-lipotoxic effects were abolished by a FoxO1 inhibitor. Furthermore, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) mRNA levels were also increased by panaxynol. Reactive oxygen species have critical roles in the reduction in HMW adiponection secretion by palmitic acid; however, panaxynol reduced this increase in reactive oxygen species generation, followed by reductions in markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that panaxynol ameliorates the impaired HMW adiponection secretion in adipocytes treated with palmitic acid by restoring FoxO1 expression, owing to inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, in a PPARγ-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Takagi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakashima
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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23
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Feng YL, Jiang XT, Ma FF, Han J, Tang XL. Resveratrol prevents osteoporosis by upregulating FoxO1 transcriptional activity. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:202-212. [PMID: 29115382 PMCID: PMC5746307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene, RES), a natural antioxidant, prevents bone loss by attenuating damage caused by oxidative stress. Our previous research revealed that the forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)/β-catenin signaling pathway affected the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through its regulation of redox balance, and RES regulated the expression of FoxO1 to control white adipose tissue and then ameliorate an overweight condition. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that RES regulates FoxO1 transcriptional activity through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway to achieve an antioxidative effect on osteoporosis and then we confirmed this hypothesis in the present study. An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis and a H2O2-induced oxidative cell injury model in RAW 264.7 cells were established to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of how RES confers an antioxidant effect and prevents bone loss. The obtained results demonstrated that RES strongly prevented bone loss induced by oxidative stress in vivo. More specifically, RES effectively decreased the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) together with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) level, but elevated the osteoproprotegrin (OPG) level and attenuated bone microarchitecture damage. Notably, RES, due to its antioxidant effect, suppressed RANKL production and then inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the OVX rats. In vitro, RES improved the oxidative stress status of cells and thus inhibited the mRNA expression of osteoclast-specific enzymes. These data indicate that RES has a significant bone protective effect by antagonizing oxidative stress to suppress osteoclast activity, function and formation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, at the molecular level, we confirmed, for the first time, that RES upregulated FoxO1 transcriptional activity by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and hence promoted resistance to oxidative damage and restrained osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be induced by RANKL. FoxO1 is a major action target of RES to confer anti-osteoporosis function, and whose effect stems from its power to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Feng
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Jiang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Ma
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Lei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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24
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Li Y, Ma Z, Jiang S, Hu W, Li T, Di S, Wang D, Yang Y. A global perspective on FOXO1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:42-49. [PMID: 28392404 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is a complex physiological process that is involved in nutrient adjustment, hormone regulation, and homeostasis. An unhealthy lifestyle and chronic nutrient overload can cause lipid metabolism disorders, which may lead to serious lipid-related diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, tools for preventing dysfunctional lipid metabolism are urgently needed. The transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is involved in lipid metabolism and plays a critical role in the development of lipid-related diseases. In this review, we provide a global perspective on the role of FOXO1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. The information included here may be useful for the design of future studies and advancing investigations of FOXO1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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25
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Abstract
The decrease in adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers in obesity. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expression and differential adiponectin-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in obese individuals. In addition to decrease in adiponectin concentrations, the decline in AdipoR1/R2 mRNA expression leads to a decrement in adiponectin binding to cell membrane, and this turns into attenuation in the adiponectin effects. Within the receptor complex, adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) is the intracellular binding partner of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. The expression levels of APPL1 or APPL2 lead to an altered adiponectin activity. Despite normal or high adiponectin levels, an impaired post receptor signaling due to APPL1/APPL2 may alter adiponectin efficiency and activity. However, APPL2 blocks adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 by competitive inhibition of APPL1. APPL1 is also an important mediator of adiponectin dependent insulin sensitization. In this context, adiponectin resistance is associated with insulin resistance and is thought to be partly due to the down-regulation of the AdipoRs in high-fat diet fed subjects. Actually, adiponectin resistance occurs very rapidly after saturated fatty acid feeding, this metabolic disturbance is not due to a decrease in AdipoR1 protein content. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue-AdipoR2 expression is reduced in obesity, whereas AdipoR1 expression is not changed. Adiponectin resistance together with insulin resistance forms a vicious cycle. The elevated adiponectin levels with adiponectin resistance is a compensatory response in the condition of an unusual discordance between insulin resistance and adiponectin unresponsiveness.Additionally, different mechanisms are involved in vascular adiponectin resistance at different stages of obesity. Nevertheless, diet-induced hyperlipidemia is the leading cause of vascular adiponectin resistance. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance may also be an important marker of the elevated risk of developing abdominal obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development and throughout adult life. Mutations in many Fox genes are associated with human disease and, as such, various animal models have been generated to study the function of these transcription factors in mechanistic detail. In many cases, the absence of even a single Fox transcription factor is lethal. In this Primer, we provide an overview of the Fox family, highlighting several key Fox transcription factor families that are important for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Guo F, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wu L, Ma X, Liu F, Huang F, Qin G. Lentiviral Vector-Mediated FoxO1 Overexpression Inhibits Extracellular Matrix Protein Secretion Under High Glucose Conditions in Mesangial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:74-83. [PMID: 26052839 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by inordinate secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from mesangial cells (MCs), which is tightly associated with excessive activation of TGF-β signaling. The forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) protects mesangial cells from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which may be involved in ameliorating the redundant secretion of ECM proteins under high glucose conditions. Here, we reported that high glucose elevated the level of p-Akt to attenuate endogenous FoxO1 bioactivities in MCs, accompanied with decreases in the mRNA expressions of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Meanwhile, the expressions of major ECM proteins-FN and Col I-increased under high glucose conditions, in consistent with the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling. By contrast, overexpression of nucleus-localized FoxO1 (insensitive to Akt phosphorylation) directly up-regulated the expressions of anti-oxidative enzymes, accompanied with inactivation of TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, as well as decreases of extracellular matrix proteins. Moreover, similar to those MCs overexpressed of nucleus-localized FoxO1 in high glucose conditions, MCs with down-regulation of FoxO1 by small interference-RNA under normal glucose conditions showed increased FN level and activated TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Our findings link the anti-oxidative activity of FoxO1 and the TGF-β-induced secretion of ECM proteins, indicating the novel role of FoxO1 in protecting MCs under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingni Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Charytoniuk T, Drygalski K, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Berk K, Chabowski A. Alternative treatment methods attenuate the development of NAFLD: A review of resveratrol molecular mechanisms and clinical trials. Nutrition 2016; 34:108-117. [PMID: 28063505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be one of the most common liver pathologies that occur widely among societies with a predominance of the Western dietary pattern. NAFLD may progress from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), subsequently leading to cirrhosis and becoming a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus its prevention and therapy play an important role in hepatology. To our knowledge, there is no effective treatment for patients with NAFLD. The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent alternative treatment studies conducted both on cell cultures and in vivo that concern molecular effects of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in the treatment of NAFLD. The precise metabolism, pharmacology, and clinical trials with different concentrations of resveratrol were described. The review also presents a brief summary of other alternative treatment methods of NAFLD and their mechanisms compared with current clinical understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drygalski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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29
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Lettieri Barbato D, Aquilano K. Feast and famine: Adipose tissue adaptations for healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:85-93. [PMID: 27223996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper adipose tissue function controls energy balance with favourable effects on metabolic health and longevity. The molecular and metabolic asset of adipose tissue quickly and dynamically readapts in response to nutrient fluctuations. Once delivered into cells, nutrients are managed by mitochondria that represent a key bioenergetics node. A persistent nutrient overload generates mitochondrial exhaustion and uncontrolled reactive oxygen species ((mt)ROS) production. In adipocytes, metabolic/molecular reorganization is triggered culminating in the acquirement of a hypertrophic and hypersecretory phenotype that accelerates aging. Conversely, dietary regimens such as caloric restriction or time-controlled fasting endorse mitochondrial functionality and (mt)ROS-mediated signalling, thus promoting geroprotection. In this perspective view, we argued some important molecular and metabolic aspects related to adipocyte response to nutrient stress. Finally we delineated hypothetical routes by which molecularly and metabolically readapted adipose tissue promotes healthy aging.
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30
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Yu Y, Zhang N, Jiang H, Xue W, Guo X, Xu X, Fang W, Wang H, Hua E. Resveratrol treatment improves plasma and blood glucose concentration and lipid metabolism in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Yan C, Xu W, Huang Y, Li M, Shen Y, You H, Liang X. HRD1-Mediated IGF-1R Ubiquitination Contributes to Renal Protection of Resveratrol in db/db Mice. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:600-13. [PMID: 27082896 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have provided evidence to demonstrate the beneficial renal effects of resveratrol (RESV) due to its antioxidant character and its capacity for activation of surtuin 1. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of RESV against kidney injury are still incompletely understood. The present study used Lepr db/db (db/db) and Lepr db/m (db/m) mice as models to evaluate the effect of RESV on diabetic nephropathy (DN). RESV reduced proteinuria and attenuated the progress of renal fibrosis in db/db mice. Treatment with RESV markedly attenuated the diabetes-induced changes in renal superoxide dismutase copper/zinc, superoxide dismutase manganese, catalase, and malonydialdehyde as well as the renal expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and E-cadherin in db/db mice. The kidney expression of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was increased in db/db mice, but the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase degradation (HRD1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, was significantly decreased in the DN model. RESV treatment dramatically decreased IGF-1R and increased HRD1 expressions, consistent with data obtained with HKC-8 cells. HRD1 physically interacted with IGF-1R in HKC-8 cells and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data supported the concept that IGF-1R is one of the HRD1 substrates. HRD1 promoted the IGF-1R ubiquitination for degradation in HKC-8 cells, and the down-regulation of HRD1 reversed the protective effects of RESV in HKC-8 cells. In summary, we have demonstrated that RESV reduces proteinuria and attenuates the progression of renal fibrosis in db/db mice. These protective effects of RESV on DN were associated with the up-regulation of HRD1, induced by RESV, and the promotion of IGF-1R ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yachen Shen
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology (C.Y.), Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (C.Y., W.X., Y.H., M.L., Y.S., H.Y., X.L.), Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. and Renal Division (W.X.), Zhuji People Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
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32
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Abstract
New evidence has recently emerged defining a close relationship between fat and bone metabolism. Adipose tissue is one of the largest organs in the body but its functions vary by location and origin. Adipocytes can act in an autocrine manner to regulate energy balance by sequestering triglycerides and then, depending on demand, releasing fatty acids through lipolysis for energy utilization, and in some cases through uncoupling protein 1 for generating heat. Adipose tissue can also act in an endocrine or paracrine manner by releasing adipokines that modulate the function of other organs. Bone is one of those target tissues, although recent evidence has emerged that the skeleton reciprocates by releasing its own factors that modulate adipose tissue and beta cells in the pancreas. Therefore, it is not surprising that these energy-modulating tissues are controlled by a central regulatory mechanism, primarily the sympathetic nervous system. Disruption in this complex regulatory circuit and its downstream tissues is manifested in a wide range of metabolic disorders, for which the most prevalent is type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to summarize our knowledge of common determinants in the bone and adipose function and the translational implications of recent work in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Tufts University School of Medicine, and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, United States.
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33
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Wu L, Wang Q, Guo F, Zhou Y, Ji H, Liu F, Ma X, Zhao Y, Qin G. Activation of FoxO1/ PGC-1α prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorates mesangial cell injury in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:1-12. [PMID: 26123583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key event in diabetic nephropathy development. The forkhead-box class O1 (FoxO1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) proteins are implicated in oxidative stress. We investigated the in vivo association of FoxO1 and PGC-1α in renal cortices from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in rat kidney mesangial cells (MCs) treated with high glucose, in vitro. High-glucose induced FoxO1 inhibition was associated with decreased PGC-1α expression in MCs. These changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS generation. However, constitutive FoxO1 activation increased PGC-1α expression and partially reversed these changes, which were significantly decreased by the treatment of PGC-1α-small interfering RNA. We identified PGC-1α as a direct FoxO1 transcriptional target by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In addition, lentiviral-mediated FoxO1 overexpression in diabetic-rat kidneys significantly increased PGC-1α, NRF-1, and Mfn2 expression, and decreased malondialdehyde production and proteinuria. These data suggest that FoxO1/PGC-1α activation protected rats against high-glucose-induced MC injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingni Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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34
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Heinonen S, Buzkova J, Muniandy M, Kaksonen R, Ollikainen M, Ismail K, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Suomalainen A, Pietiläinen KH. Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Adipose Tissue in Acquired Obesity. Diabetes 2015; 64:3135-45. [PMID: 25972572 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low mitochondrial number and activity have been suggested as underlying factors in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, the stage at which mitochondrial dysfunction manifests in adipose tissue after the onset of obesity remains unknown. Here we examined subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples from healthy monozygotic twin pairs, 22.8-36.2 years of age, who were discordant (ΔBMI >3 kg/m(2), mean length of discordance 6.3 ± 0.3 years, n = 26) and concordant (ΔBMI <3 kg/m(2), n = 14) for body weight, and assessed their detailed mitochondrial metabolic characteristics: mitochondrial-related transcriptomes with dysregulated pathways, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) amount, mtDNA-encoded transcripts, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein levels. We report global expressional downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative pathways with concomitant downregulation of mtDNA amount, mtDNA-dependent translation system, and protein levels of the OXPHOS machinery in the obese compared with the lean co-twins. Pathway analysis indicated downshifting of fatty acid oxidation, ketone body production and breakdown, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which inversely correlated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolic pathways, and OXPHOS proteins in SAT are downregulated in acquired obesity, and are associated with metabolic disturbances already at the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Buzkova
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kaksonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Siluetti Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Khadeeja Ismail
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesse Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Turner PA, Tang Y, Weiss SJ, Janorkar AV. Three-dimensional spheroid cell model of in vitro adipocyte inflammation. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1837-47. [PMID: 25781458 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve treatment of obesity, a contributing factor to multiple systemic and metabolic diseases, a better understanding of metabolic state and environmental stress at the cellular level is essential. This work presents development of a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of adipose tissue displaying induced lipid accumulation as a function of fatty acid supplementation that, subsequently, investigates cellular responses to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, thereby recapitulating key stages of obesity progression. Three-dimensional spheroid organization of adipose cells was induced by culturing 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes on an elastin-like polypeptide-polyethyleneimine (ELP-PEI)-coated surface. Results indicate a more differentiated phenotype in 3D spheroid cultures relative to two-dimensional (2D) monolayer analogues based on triglyceride accumulation, CD36 and CD40 protein expression, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and adiponectin mRNA expression. The 3T3-L1 adipocyte spheroid model was then used to test the effects of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, namely maturation in the presence of elevated fatty acid levels followed by acute exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Under these conditions, we demonstrate that metabolic function was reduced across all cultures exposed to TNF-α, especially so when pre-exposed to linoleic acid. Further, in response to TNF-α, enhanced lipolysis, monitored as increased extracellular glycerol and fatty acids levels, was observed in adipocytes cultured in the presence of exogenous fatty acids. Taken together, our 3D spheroid model showed enhanced adipogenic differentiation and presents a platform for elucidating the key phenotypic responses that occur in pro-inflammatory microenvironments that characterize obesogenic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Turner
- 1Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yi Tang
- 2Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- 2Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- 1Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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36
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Cardioprotective effect of propofol against oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:184938. [PMID: 25821553 PMCID: PMC4364303 DOI: 10.1155/2015/184938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intravenous anesthetic propofol is reported to be a cardioprotective agent against ischemic-reperfusion injury in the heart. However, the regulatory mechanism still remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we used H9c2 cell line under condition of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reperfusion (OGD/R) to induce in vitro cardiomyocytes ischemia-reperfusion injury. Propofol (5, 10, and 20 μM) was added to the cell cultures before and during the OGD/R phases to investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our data showed that OGD/R decreased cell viability, and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production in H9c2 cells, all of which were significantly reversed by propofol. Moreover, we found that propofol increased both the activities and protein expressions of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, propofol increased FoxO1 expression in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited p-AMPK formation significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the propofol might exert its antioxidative effect through FoxO1 in H9c2 cells, and it has a potential therapeutic effect on cardiac disorders involved in oxidative stress.
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Adya R, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Differential effects of leptin and adiponectin in endothelial angiogenesis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:648239. [PMID: 25650072 PMCID: PMC4310451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In relation to this, adipose tissue secreted factors termed "adipokines" have been reported to modulate endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on two of the most abundant circulating adipokines, that is, leptin and adiponectin, in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Leptin has been documented to influence a multitude of organ systems, that is, central nervous system (appetite regulation, satiety factor) and cardiovascular system (endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis). Adiponectin, circulating at a much higher concentration, exists in different molecular weight forms, essentially made up of the collagenous fraction and a globular domain, the latter being investigated minimally for its involvement in proinflammatory processes including activation of NF-κβ and endothelial adhesion molecules. The opposing actions of the two forms of adiponectin in endothelial cells have been recently demonstrated. Additionally, a local and systemic change to multimeric forms of adiponectin has gained importance. Thus detailed investigations on the potential interplay between these adipokines would likely result in better understanding of the missing links connecting CVD, adipokines, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Raghu Adya:
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Lettieri Barbato D, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR. FoxO1 at the nexus between fat catabolism and longevity pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1555-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tang PCT, Ng YF, Ho S, Gyda M, Chan SW. Resveratrol and cardiovascular health--promising therapeutic or hopeless illusion? Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:88-115. [PMID: 25151891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exists in Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts and berries, as well as their manufactured products, especially red wine. Resveratrol is a pharmacologically active compound that interacts with multiple targets in a variety of cardiovascular disease models to exert protective effects or induce a reduction in cardiovascular risks parameters. This review attempts to primarily serve to summarize the current research findings regarding the putative cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and the molecular pathways underlying these effects. One intent is to hopefully provide a relatively comprehensive resource for clues that may prompt ideas for additional mechanistic studies which might further elucidate and strengthen the role of the stilbene family of compounds in cardiovascular disease and cardioprotection. Model systems that incorporate a significant functional association with tissues outside of the cardiovascular system proper, such as adipose (cell culture, obesity models) and pancreatic (diabetes) tissues, were reviewed, and the molecular pathways and/or targets related to these models and influenced by resveratrol are discussed. Because the body of work encompassing the stilbenes and other phytochemicals in the context of longevity and the ability to presumably mitigate a plethora of afflictions is replete with conflicting information and controversy, especially so with respect to the human response, we tried to remain as neutral as possible in compiling and presenting the more current data with minimal commentary, permitting the reader free reign to extract the knowledge most helpful to their own investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yam-Fung Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susan Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Gyda
- Life Sciences Multimedia Productions, Drexel Hill, PA, USA.
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China; Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Quan X, Zhang L, Li Y, Liang C. TCF2 attenuates FFA-induced damage in islet β-cells by regulating production of insulin and ROS. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13317-32. [PMID: 25079440 PMCID: PMC4159796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic islet β-cells and play a crucial role in the diabetes disease process. A recent study revealed a down-regulation of transcription factor 2 (TCF2) levels during FFA-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. However, its function during this process and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, treatment with palmitic acid (PA) at high levels (400 and 800 μM) decreased β-cell viability and TCF2 protein expression, along with the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Western and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the positive regulatory effect of TCF2 on GSIS through promotion of the key regulators pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in β-cells. In addition, both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK showed decreased expression in PA (800 μM)-treated β-cells. Overexpression of TCF2 could effectively restore the inhibitory effect of PA on the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK as well as β-cell viability, simultaneously, inhibited PA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. After blocking the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signals with their specific inhibitor, the effect of overexpressed TCF2 on β-cell viability and ROS production was obviously attenuated. Furthermore, a protective effect of TCF2 on GSIS by positive modulation of JNK-PDX1/GLUT2 signaling was also confirmed. Accordingly, our study has confirmed that TCF2 positively modulates insulin secretion and further inhibits ROS generation via the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Our work may provide a new therapeutic target to achieve prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Yingna Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Chunlian Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Yin X, Lanza IR, Swain JM, Sarr MG, Nair KS, Jensen MD. Adipocyte mitochondrial function is reduced in human obesity independent of fat cell size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E209-16. [PMID: 24276464 PMCID: PMC3913808 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes contributes to obesity-related metabolic complications. However, obesity results in adipocyte hypertrophy, and large and small adipocytes from the same depot have different characteristics, raising the possibility that obesity-related mitochondrial defects are an inherent function of large adipocytes. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to examine whether obesity, independent of fat cell size and fat depot, is associated with mitochondria dysfunction. DESIGN We compared adipocyte mitochondrial function using a cross-sectional comparison study design. SETTING The studies were performed at Mayo Clinic, an academic medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Omental and/or abdominal subcutaneous adipose samples were collected from 20 age-matched obese and nonobese nondiabetic men and women undergoing either elective abdominal surgery or research needle biopsy. INTERVENTION Interventions were not conducted as part of these studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured mitochondrial DNA abundance, oxygen consumption rates, and citrate synthase activity from populations of large and small adipocytes (separated with differential floatation). RESULTS For both omental and subcutaneous adipocytes, at the cell and organelle level, oxygen consumption rates and citrate synthase activity were significantly reduced in cells from obese compared with nonobese volunteers, even when matched for cell size by comparing large adipocytes from nonobese and small adipocytes from obese. Adipocyte mitochondrial content was not significantly different between obese and nonobese volunteers. Mitochondrial function and content parameters were not different between small and large cells, omental, and subcutaneous adipocytes from the same person. CONCLUSION Adipocyte mitochondrial oxidative capacity is reduced in obese compared with nonobese adults and this difference is not due to cell size differences. Adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity is therefore related to overall adiposity rather than adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin
- Endocrine Research Unit (I.R.L., K.S.N., M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Surgery (J.M.S., M.G.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Endocrinology (X.Y.), Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250013 China
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Krautbauer S, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Hader Y, Buettner R, Schmid PM, Aslanidis C, Buechler C. Free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and IL-1α induce adipocyte manganese superoxide dismutase which is increased in visceral adipose tissues of obese rodents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86866. [PMID: 24475187 PMCID: PMC3901719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat storage in adipocytes is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired activity of antioxidant mechanisms. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in detoxification of ROS, and objective of the current study is to analyze expression and regulation of MnSOD in obesity. MnSOD is increased in visceral but not subcutaneous fat depots of rodents kept on high fat diets (HFD) and ob/ob mice. MnSOD is elevated in visceral adipocytes of fat fed mice and exposure of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells to lipopolysaccharide, IL-1α, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) upregulates its level. FFA do not alter cytochrome oxidase 4 arguing against overall induction of mitochondrial enzymes. Upregulation of MnSOD in fat loaded cells is not mediated by IL-6, TNF or sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 which are induced in these cells. MnSOD is similarly abundant in perirenal fat of Zucker diabetic rats and non-diabetic animals with similar body weight and glucose has no effect on MnSOD in 3T3-L1 cells. To evaluate whether MnSOD affects adipocyte fat storage, MnSOD was knocked-down in adipocytes for the last three days of differentiation and in mature adipocytes. Knock-down of MnSOD does neither alter lipid storage nor viability of these cells. Heme oxygenase-1 which is induced upon oxidative stress is not altered while antioxidative capacity of the cells is modestly reduced. Current data show that inflammation and excess triglyceride storage raise adipocyte MnSOD which is induced in epididymal adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hader
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Buettner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wyrozumska P, Ashley JW, Ramanadham S, Liu Q, Garvey WT, Sztul E. Novel effects of Brefeldin A (BFA) in signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) pathway and regulating FoxO1-mediated transcription. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 4:e27732. [PMID: 24843827 PMCID: PMC4022606 DOI: 10.4161/cl.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite best known for its ability to inhibit activation of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and thereby inhibit secretory traffic. BFA also appears to regulate the trafficking of the GLUT4 glucose transporter by inducing its relocation from intracellular stores to the cell surface. Such redistribution of GLUT4 is normally regulated by insulin-mediated signaling. Hence, we tested whether BFA may intersect with the insulin pathway. We report that BFA causes the activation of the insulin receptor (IR), IRS-1, Akt-2, and AS160 components of the insulin pathway. The response is mediated through phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt kinase since the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the Akt inhibitors MK2206 and perifosine inhibit the BFA effect. BFA-mediated activation of the insulin pathway results in Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the insulin-responsive transcription factor FoxO1. This leads to nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and a decrease in transcription of the insulin-responsive gene SIRT-1. Our findings suggest novel effects for BFA in signaling and transcription, and imply that BFA has multiple intracellular targets and can be used to regulate diverse cellular responses that include vesicular trafficking, signaling and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wyrozumska
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jason W Ashley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Qinglan Liu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
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Than A, Zhang X, Leow MKS, Poh CL, Chong SK, Chen P. Apelin attenuates oxidative stress in human adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3763-74. [PMID: 24362107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recently recognized that the increased oxidative stress (ROS overproduction) in obese condition is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Apelin is an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, and known for its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. In obesity, both oxidative stress and plasma level of apelin are increased. However, the regulatory roles of apelin on oxidative stress in adipocytes remain unknown. In the present study, we provide evidence that apelin, through its interaction with apelin receptor (APJ), suppresses production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocytes. This is further supported by the observations that apelin promotes the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes via MAPK kinase/ERK and AMPK pathways, and suppresses the expression of pro-oxidant enzyme via AMPK pathway. We further demonstrate that apelin is able to relieve oxidative stress-induced dysregulations of the expression of anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as release of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines. This study, for the first time, reveals the antioxidant properties of apelin in adipocytes, and suggests its potential as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Than
- From the Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
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Liu X, Cui Y, Li M, Xu H, Zuo J, Fang F, Chang Y. Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated partially by FOXO1 and reduces mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80521. [PMID: 24255720 PMCID: PMC3821864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species arise in the mitochondria as byproducts of respiration and oxidase activity and have important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The level of reactive oxygen species is regulated by a number of enzymes and physiological antioxidants, including HO-1, Sod2, catalase and COX-2, etc. And HO-1 against oxidative stress requires an increase in stress-responsive genes, such as Sod2 and catalase. Especially for the activity of HO-1, cobalt protoporphyrin is known to be a potent and effective inducer in many tissues. The transcription factor, FOXO1 is resistant to oxidative stress through downregulating reactive oxygen species production. Previous study showed that FOXO1 induces HO-1 expression by binding to HO-1 promoter. The question whether cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated by FOXO1 and subsequently lessens reactive oxygen species production remains to be elucidated. Results Cobalt protoporphyrin enhances the expression of FOXO1 and facilitates FOXO1 binding to HO-1 promoter and increasing its transcriptional activity without influencing the FOXO1 protein stability. CoPP induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression, such as catalase, cytochrome c, Sod2, and COX-2, and decreases mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production, which are mediated partially by FOXO1. Conclusions Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression mediated partially by FOXO1, and has an important role in reducing cellular reactive oxygen species level. Cobalt protoporphyrin may be a more promising therapeutic agent to upregulate some antioxidantive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Ying Cui
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zuo
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Fang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Gonzálvez M, Larrosa M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, García-Almagro FJ, Ruiz-Ros JA, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Resveratrol in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a dietary and clinical perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1290:37-51. [PMID: 23855464 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) aims to avoid a first event in subjects that are at risk but have not yet been diagnosed with heart disease. Secondary prevention of CVD aims to avoid new events in patients with established heart disease. Both approaches involve clinical intervention and implementation of healthy lifestyles. The grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) has shown cardioprotective benefits in humans. Most of these approaches deal with rather high doses and short follow-ups, and do not address the issue of long-term resveratrol consumption safety, especially in medicated individuals. Here, we review the trials conducted with resveratrol in patients at risk for or with established CVD, focusing on the two longest human clinical trials reported so far (1-year follow-up). We also discuss the expectations for resveratrol from a dietary and clinical perspective in relation to CVD. However, statistically significant changes in CVD-risk markers do not necessarily equal clinical significance in the daily care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Lindegaard B, Ditlevsen S, Plomgaard P, Mittendorfer B, Pedersen BK. Acute reduction of lipolysis reduces adiponectin and IL-18: evidence from an intervention study with acipimox and insulin. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2034-43. [PMID: 23811808 PMCID: PMC3737430 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Low-grade inflammation is a feature of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and lipodystrophy. It is associated with abdominal adiposity, increased levels of NEFA, hyperinsulinaemia and low adiponectin levels. However, the causal relationship between impaired metabolism and inflammation is not understood. We explored the anti-lipolytic effect of acipimox and insulin on adiponectin and adipocyte-associated cytokines in patients with lipodystrophy. METHODS In a randomised placebo-controlled crossover design using nine patients with non-diabetic, HIV-associated lipodystrophy, we assessed whether (1) overnight administration of a low dose of acipimox and/or (2) insulin-induced suppression of NEFA flux altered circulating plasma levels of adiponectin, IL-18, TNF-α and IL-6 in the basal condition and in a two-stage euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with stable isotopes (insulin infusion rates 20 mU m(-2) min(-1) and 50 mU m(-2) min(-1)). RESULTS Insulin decreased plasma NEFA in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Acipimox reduced basal plasma NEFAs and plasma NEFAs during the low-dose insulin infusion compared with placebo (p < 0.0001 for acipimox effect). Plasma adiponectin and plasma IL-18 were reduced during both situations where lipolysis was inhibited (p < 0.0001 for acipimox effect; p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 for insulin effect on plasma adiponectin and plasma IL-18, respectively). In contrast, plasma IL-6 and plasma TNF-α did not change during low NEFA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Using two different tools to manipulate lipolysis, the present study found that acute inhibition of lipolysis reduces levels of adiponectin and IL-18 in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lindegaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism 7641, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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48
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Das SK, Patel VB, Oudit GY. Beneficial effects of grape resveratrol on serum adiponectin and inflammation: clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease: editorial to: "Grape resveratrol increases serum adiponectin and downregulates inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, one-year clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease" by J. Tomé-Carneiro et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:1-4. [PMID: 23292168 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li JC, Shen XF, Meng XL. A traditional Chinese medicine JiuHuangLian (Rhizoma coptidis steamed with rice wine) reduces oxidative stress injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:222-9. [PMID: 23791751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative stress mediated β-cell injury are the initial factors of diabetes pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that JiuHuangLian (JHL, Rhizoma Coptidis steamed with rice wine) is an effective agent on diabetes treatment. In present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and lightening β-cell injury of JHL in streptozotocin and a high-glucose/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. After 30 days treatment with JHL, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of diabetic rats were improved significantly. JHL also could decrease fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, increase insulin level and insulin sensitivity index. Moreover, lipid metabolism disorder also adjusted, which manifested as decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride and free fatty acid levels. Meanwhile, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were observed in JHL treated rats, oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide also were decreased by JHL treatment. Furthermore, low expression of caspase-3 were shown in pancreatic immunohistochemistry of JHL treated rats, which exhibited anti-apoptosis effect of β-cell. The histological evidence suggests that JHL effectively rescues the islet atrophied from oxidative stress-mediated β-cell damage. These findings demonstrate the β-cell functional protective nature of JHL by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-chuan Li
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Simcox JA, McClain DA. Iron and diabetes risk. Cell Metab 2013; 17:329-41. [PMID: 23473030 PMCID: PMC3648340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is a risk factor for diabetes. The link between iron and diabetes was first recognized in pathologic conditions-hereditary hemochromatosis and thalassemia-but high levels of dietary iron also impart diabetes risk. Iron plays a direct and causal role in diabetes pathogenesis mediated both by β cell failure and insulin resistance. Iron also regulates metabolism in most tissues involved in fuel homeostasis, with the adipocyte in particular serving an iron-sensing role. The underlying molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are numerous and incompletely understood but include oxidant stress and modulation of adipokines and intracellular signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Simcox
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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