1
|
Ribeiro AS, Sofiati SL, Kassiano W, Martinho DV, Nascimento MA, Avelar A, Trindade MCC, Mayhew JL, Cyrino ES. Agreement between fat-free mass from bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and their use in estimating resting metabolic rate in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2357319. [PMID: 38940017 PMCID: PMC11216238 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2357319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the agreement between fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and their use in estimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) in men undergoing resistance training. METHODS Thirty healthy resistance-trained men (22.7 ± 4.4 years, 70.0 ± 8.7 kg, 174.6 ± 6.7 cm, and 22.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were evaluated. The equation developed by Tinsley et al. (RMR = 25.9 × fat-free mass [FFM] + 284) was adopted to calculate the RMR. DXA was used as the reference method for FFM. RESULTS Furthermore, FFM was also estimated by BIA using a spectral device. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between DXA (1884.2 ± 145.5 kcal) and BIA (1849.4 ± 167.7 kcal) to estimate RMR. A positive and significant correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) was observed between DXA and BIA estimates of RMR. The mean difference between methods indicated that BIA presented a bias of -34.8 kcal. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that using FFM derived from DXA or BIA results in similar RMR estimates in resistance-trained men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Witalo Kassiano
- State University of Londrina, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Diogo V. Martinho
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matheus A. Nascimento
- Paraná State University (UNESPAR), Department of Physical Education, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Ademar Avelar
- State University of Maringá, Department of Physical Education, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Jerry L. Mayhew
- Truman State University, Exercise Science Department, Kirksville, USA
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- State University of Londrina, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva BR, Pagano AP, Kirkham AA, Gonzalez MC, Haykowsky MJ, Joy AA, King K, Singer P, Cereda E, Paterson I, Pituskin E, Thompson R, Prado CM. Evaluating predictive equations for energy requirements throughout breast cancer trajectory: A comparative study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:2073-2082. [PMID: 39094472 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accurately estimating resting energy requirements is crucial for optimizing energy intake, particularly in the context of patients with varying energy needs, such as individuals with cancer. We sought to evaluate the agreement between resting energy expenditure (REE) predicted by 40 equations and that measured by reference methods in women undergoing active breast cancer treatment stage (I-IV) and post-completion (i.e., survivors). METHODS Data from 4 studies were combined. REE values estimated from 40 predictive equations identified by a systematic search were compared with REE assessed by indirect calorimetry (IC) using a metabolic cart (MC-REE N = 46) or a whole-room indirect calorimeter (WRIC-REE N = 44). Agreement between methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman and Lin's concordance coefficient correlation (Lin's CCC). RESULTS Ninety participants (24 % survivors, 61.1% had early-stage breast cancer I or II, mean age: 56.8 ± 11 years; body mass index: 28.7 ± 6.4 kg/m2) were included in this analysis. Mean MC-REE and WRIC-REE values were 1389 ± 199 kcal/day and 1506 ± 247 kcal/day, respectively. Limits of agreement were wide for all equations compared to both MC and WRIC (∼300 kcal for both methods), including the most commonly used ones, such as Harris-Benedict and Mifflin ST. Jeor equations; none had a bias within ±10% of measured REE, and all had low agreement per Lin's CCC analysis (<0.90). The Korth equation exhibited the best performance against WRIC and the Lvingston-Kohlstadt equation against MC. Similar patterns of bias were observed between survivors and patients and between patients with stages I-III versus IV cancer. CONCLUSION Most equations failed to accurately predict REE at the group level, and none were effective at the individual level. This inaccuracy has significant implications for women with or surviving breast cancer, who may experience weight gain, maintenance, or loss due to inaccurate energy needs estimations. Therefore, our research underscores the need for further efforts to improve REE estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R da Silva
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Pagano
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy A Kirkham
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anil A Joy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen King
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ian Paterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Pituskin
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jindapateep P, Sirichana W, Srisawat N, Srisuwanwattana W, Metta K, Sae-Eao N, Eiam-Ong S, Kittiskulnam P. A Proposed Predictive Equation for Energy Expenditure Estimation Among Noncritically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:115-124. [PMID: 37793468 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is identified more frequently in noncritical compared with intensive care settings. The prognosis of malnourished AKI patients is far worse than those with normal nutritional status. However, a method for estimating the optimal amount of energy required to guide nutritional support among noncritically ill AKI patients is yet to be determined. METHODS We evaluated the performance of weight-based formulas (20-30 kcal/kg/day) with the reference values of energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) among noncritically ill AKI patients during hospitalization. The statistics for assessing agreement, including total deviation index and accuracy within 10% represent the percentage of estimations falling within the IC value range of ±10%, were tested. Parameters for predicting the EE equation were also developed using a regression analysis model. RESULTS A total of 40 noncritically ill AKI patients were recruited. The mean age of participants was 62.5 ± 16.5 years with 50% being male. The average IC-derived EE was 1,124.6 ± 278.9 kcal/day with respiratory quotients 0.8-1.3, indicating good validity of the IC test. Receiving dialysis, protein catabolic rate, and age was not significantly associated with measured EE. Nearly all weight-based formulas overestimated measured EE. The magnitude of total deviation index values was broad with the proportion of patients achieving an accuracy of 10% being as low as 20%. The proposed equation to predict EE derived from this study was EE (kcal/day) = 618.27 + (8.98 x weight in kg) + 137.0 if diabetes - 199.7 if female (r2 = 0.68, P < .001). In the validation study with an independent group of noncritically ill AKI patients, predicted EE using the newly derived equation was also significantly correlated with measured EE by IC (r = 0.69, P = .004). CONCLUSION Estimation of EE by weight-based formulas usually overestimated measured EE among noncritically ill AKI patients. In the absence of IC, the proposed predictive equation, specifically for noncritically ill AKI patients might be useful, in addition to weight-based formulas, for guiding caloric dosing in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patharasit Jindapateep
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawan Sirichana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kamonchanok Metta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Sae-Eao
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Neill JER, Corish CA, Horner K. Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2373-2398. [PMID: 37632665 PMCID: PMC10687135 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations are often used to calculate RMR in athletes; however, their accuracy and precision can vary greatly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine which RMR prediction equations are (i) most accurate (average predicted values closest to measured values) and (ii) most precise (number of individuals within 10% of measured value). DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 2021 was conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional observational studies, case studies or any other study wherein RMR, measured by indirect calorimetry, was compared with RMR predicted via prediction equations in adult athletes were included. ANALYSIS A narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis (where possible) was conducted. To explore heterogeneity and factors influencing accuracy, subgroup analysis was conducted based on sex, body composition measurement method, athlete characteristics (athlete status, energy availability, body weight), and RMR measurement characteristics (adherence to best practice guidelines, test preparation and prior physical activity). RESULTS Twenty-nine studies (mixed sports/disciplines n = 8, endurance n = 5, recreational exercisers n = 5, rugby n = 3, other n = 8), with a total of 1430 participants (822 F, 608 M) and 100 different RMR prediction equations were included. Eleven equations satisfied criteria for meta-analysis for accuracy. Effect sizes for accuracy ranged from 0.04 to - 1.49. Predicted RMR values did not differ significantly from measured values for five equations (Cunningham (1980), Harris-Benedict (1918), Cunningham (1991), De Lorenzo, Ten-Haaf), whereas all others significantly underestimated or overestimated RMR (p < 0.05) (Mifflin-St. Jeor, Owen, FAO/WHO/UNU, Nelson, Koehler). Of the five equations, large heterogeneity was observed for all (p < 0.05, I2 range: 80-93%) except the Ten-Haaf (p = 0.48, I2 = 0%). Significant differences between subgroups were observed for some but not all equations for sex, athlete status, fasting status prior to RMR testing, and RMR measurement methodology. Nine equations satisfied criteria for meta-analysis for precision. Of the nine equations, the Ten-Haaf was found to be the most precise, predicting 80.2% of participants to be within ± 10% of measured values with all others ranging from 40.7 to 63.7%. CONCLUSION Many RMR prediction equations have been used in athletes, which can differ widely in accuracy and precision. While no single equation is guaranteed to be superior, the Ten-Haaf (age, weight, height) equation appears to be the most accurate and precise in most situations. Some equations are documented as consistently underperforming and should be avoided. Choosing a prediction equation based on a population of similar characteristics (physical characteristics, sex, sport, athlete status) is preferable. Caution is warranted when interpreting RMR ratio of measured to predicted values as a proxy of energy availability from a single measurement. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020218212.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Eoin Rua O'Neill
- Institute for Sport and Health and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katy Horner
- Institute for Sport and Health and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van Soom T, Tjalma W, Papadimitriou K, Gebruers N, van Breda E. The effects of chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure, body composition, and cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:21. [PMID: 37946297 PMCID: PMC10636951 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent tumor in women. Improvements in treatment led to declined mortality, resulting in more survivors living with cancer- or therapy-induced comorbidities. In this study, we investigated the impact of neoplasia and chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition, in relation to cancer-related fatigue. Inflammatory parameters were checked as possible explanation for changes in REE. METHODS Fifty-six women participated: 20 women with BC and 36 healthy controls. Patients were assessed at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) after 12 weeks of chemotherapy. Controls were measured once. REE was assessed with indirect calorimetry: body composition (body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass) by air plethysmography. The multidimensional fatigue index (MFI-20) was used to analyze fatigue. Baseline measurements of patients were compared to results of the healthy controls with the independent-samples T-test. The paired-samples T-test investigated the effects of chemotherapy from T0 to T1. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between REE, body composition, and fatigue and between REE, body composition, and inflammatory parameters. A linear regression analysis was fitted to estimate the contribution of the significantly correlated parameters. The measured REE at T0 and T1 was compared to the predicted REE to analyze the clinical use of the latter. RESULTS At baseline, patients with BC had significantly higher REE in the absence of differences in body composition. From baseline to T1, REE and body weight did not change. In contrast, fat-free mass declined significantly with concordant increase in fat mass. Fatigue deteriorated significantly. C-reactive protein at baseline predicted the change in energy expenditure. Predicted REE significantly underestimated measured REE. CONCLUSIONS Women with BC have higher REE in the tumor-bearing state compared to healthy controls. Chemotherapy does not affect REE but alters body composition. Predictive equations are invalid in the BC population. Results of our study can be used to implement personalized nutritional interventions to support energy expenditure and body composition and minimize long-term comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timia Van Soom
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- General Hospital Rivierenland, Kasteelstraat 23, 2880, Bornem, Belgium
| | - Nick Gebruers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
- Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Eric van Breda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hanna L, Porter J, Bauer J, Nguo K. Energy Expenditure in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: a Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1307-1325. [PMID: 37562709 PMCID: PMC10721480 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in people with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and is associated with shorter survival and poor quality of life. In order to effectively prevent or treat malnutrition, nutrition interventions must ensure appropriate energy provision to meet daily metabolic demands. In practice, the energy needs of people with cancer are frequently estimated from predictive equations which are not cancer-specific and are demonstrated to be inaccurate in this population. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the existing evidence regarding energy expenditure in people with upper GI cancer. Three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase via Ovid, CINAHL plus) were systematically searched to identify studies reporting on resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure using doubly labeled water (DLW) in adults with any stage of upper GI cancer at any point from diagnosis. A total of 57 original research studies involving 2,125 individuals with cancer of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, or liver were eligible for inclusion. All studies used indirect calorimetry, and one study used DLW to measure energy expenditure, which was reported unadjusted in 42 studies, adjusted for body weight in 32 studies, and adjusted for fat-free mass in 13 studies. Energy expenditure in upper GI cancer was compared with noncancer controls in 19 studies and measured compared with predicted energy expenditure reported in 31 studies. There was heterogeneity in study design and in reporting of important clinical characteristics between studies. There was also substantial variation in energy expenditure between studies and within and between cancer types. Given this heterogeneity and known inaccuracies of predictive equations in patients with cancer, energy expenditure should be measured in practice wherever feasible. Additional research in cohorts defined by cancer type, stage, and treatment is needed to further characterize energy expenditure in upper GI cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hanna
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Judi Porter
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy Bauer
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kay Nguo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Calder PC, Casaer M, Hiesmayr M, Mayer K, Montejo-Gonzalez JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, Szczeklik W, van Zanten ARH, Bischoff SC. ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1671-1689. [PMID: 37517372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous 2019 guideline to provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients has been shortened and partially revised. Following this update, we propose this publication as a practical guideline based on the published scientific guideline, but shortened and illustrated by flow charts. The main goal of this practical guideline is to increase understanding and allow the practitioner to implement the Nutrition in the ICU guidelines. All the items discussed in the previous guidelines are included as well as special conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Singer
- Intensive Care Unit, Herzlia Medical Center and Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, and Intensive Care Unit, Herzlia Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Annika Reintam Blaser
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Berger
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Casaer
- Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University Hospitals (UZLeuven) and Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Hiesmayr
- Division Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Pneumonology, Infectious Diseases and Sleep Medicine, St. Vincentius Kliniken gAG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Claude Pichard
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Preiser
- Medical Direction, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Szczeklik
- Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College & Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, 5th Military Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Arthur R H van Zanten
- Department of Intensive Care, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands & Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ford KL, Pichard C, Sawyer MB, Trottier CF, Disi IR, Purcell SA, Ghosh S, Siervo M, Deutz NE, Prado CM. Total energy expenditure assessed by 24-h whole-room indirect calorimeter in patients with colorectal cancer: baseline findings from the PRIMe study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:422-432. [PMID: 37290740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total energy expenditure (TEE) determines energy requirements, but objective data in patients with cancer are limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize TEE, investigate its predictors, and compare TEE with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included patients with stages II-IV colorectal cancer from the Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) trial. TEE was assessed by 24-h stay in a whole-room indirect calorimeter before dietary intervention and compared with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements (25-30 kcal/kg). Generalized linear models, paired-samples t tests, and Pearson correlation were applied. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (56 ± 10 y; body mass index [BMI]: 27.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 68% male) were included. Absolute TEE was higher in males (mean difference: 391 kcal/d; 95% CI: 167, 616 kcal/d; P < 0.001), patients with colon cancer (mean difference: 279 kcal/d; 95% CI: 73, 485 kcal/d; P = 0.010), and patients with obesity (mean difference: 393 kcal/d; 95% CI: 182, 604 kcal/d; P < 0.001). Appendicular lean soft tissue (β: 46.72; 95% CI: 34.27, 59.17; P < 0.001) and tumor location (colon-β: 139.69; 95% CI: 19.44, 259.95; P = 0.023) independently predicted TEE when adjusted for sex. Error between measured TEE and energy requirements predicted by 25 kcal/kg (mean difference: 241 kcal/d; 95% CI: 76, 405 kcal/d; P = 0.010) or 30 kcal/kg (mean difference: 367 kcal/d; 95% CI: 163, 571 kcal/d; P < 0.001) was higher for patients with obesity, and proportional error was observed (25 kcal/kg: r = -0.587; P < 0.001; and 30 kcal/kg: r = -0.751; P < 0.001). TEE (mean difference: 25 kcal/kg; 95% CI: 24, 27 kcal/kg) was below predicted requirements using 30 kcal/kg (-430 ± 322 kcal/d; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to assess TEE of patients with cancer using whole-room indirect calorimeter and highlights the need for improved assessment of energy requirements in this population. Energy requirements predicted using 30 kcal/kg overestimated TEE by 1.44 times in a controlled sedentary environment and TEE was outside of the predicted requirement range for most. Special considerations are warranted when determining TEE of patients with colorectal cancer, such as BMI, body composition, and tumor location. This is a baseline cross-sectional analysis from a clinical trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02788955 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02788955).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Ford
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire F Trottier
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ilana Roitman Disi
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park JS, Cho SR, Yim JE. Resting energy expenditure in Korean type 2 diabetes patients: comparison between measured and predicted values. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:464-474. [PMID: 37266123 PMCID: PMC10232204 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Estimation of energy demand using resting energy expenditure (REE) is a reasonable approach for optimizing glycemic control and weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to compare REE predictions and objective measurements in patients with T2DM in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study enrolled 36 participants with T2DM (age range, 20-60 years). Anthropometric variables including height, weight, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, body fat, body fat percentage, and total body weight were measured using bioimpedance. REE was evaluated using indirect calorimetry. The measured REE values were compared to values estimated using five predictive equations: the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Owen, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), and Schofield equations. This study evaluated the associations between measured REE values and anthropometric/clinical data, including height, weight, and age, using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The mean measured REE value was 1891.79 ± 288.03 kcal/day (male), 1,502.00 ± 202.96 kcal/day (female). REE estimates generated from the Mifflin equation showed the largest differences from measured REE values, whereas estimates derived from the FAO/WHO equation were the closest to the measured REE values. This study also identified associations between measured REE values and various anthropometric/clinical variables. CONCLUSION The accuracy of REE prediction equations is critically important in promoting the efficacy of dietary counseling and the effective treatment of diabetes. Our results indicate the need for additional studies informing more suitable methods for determining the energy requirements of Korean patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sook Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department of Endocrinology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon 51394, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bischoff SC, Ockenga J, Eshraghian A, Barazzoni R, Busetto L, Campmans-Kuijpers M, Cardinale V, Chermesh I, Kani HT, Khannoussi W, Lacaze L, Léon-Sanz M, Mendive JM, Müller MW, Tacke F, Thorell A, Vranesic Bender D, Weimann A, Cuerda C. Practical guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint ESPEN/UEG guideline. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:987-1024. [PMID: 37146466 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean gastrointestinal patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence. OBJECTIVE The present practical guideline is intended for clinicians and practitioners in general medicine, gastroenterology, surgery and other obesity management, including dietitians and focuses on obesity care in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS The present practical guideline is the shortened version of a previously published scientific guideline developed according to the standard operating procedure for ESPEN guidelines. The content has been re-structured and transformed into flow-charts that allow a quick navigation through the text. RESULTS In 100 recommendations (3× A, 33× B, 24 × 0, 40× GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of gastrointestinal patients with obesity - including sarcopenic obesity - is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially metabolic associated liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician. CONCLUSION The present practical guideline offers in a condensed way evidence-based advice how to care for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen FRG, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Ahad Eshraghian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Avicenna Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated with Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; and Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives (LARMAD), Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Laurence Lacaze
- Department of General Surgery, Mantes-la-Jolie Hospital, Mantes-la-Jolie, France.
| | - Miguel Léon-Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael W Müller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Regionale Kliniken Holding, Kliniken Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim gGmbH, Krankenhaus Bietigheim, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet & Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Darija Vranesic Bender
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. George Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agergaard J, Justesen TEH, Jespersen SE, Tagmose Thomsen T, Holm L, van Hall G. Even or skewed dietary protein distribution is reflected in the whole-body protein net-balance in healthy older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:899-908. [PMID: 37086618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM For older adults, the dietary protein intake has shown to be skewed towards the evening meal. Resultingly, the vital source of essential amino acids could be insufficient after some meals, while after the evening meal the dietary protein could be suboptimally utilized for protein synthesis. The present study explored if an even distribution of the protein intake could improve the dietary amino acid absorption and whole-body protein net-balance. METHODS Twenty-four healthy elderly males and females were included in a randomized controlled trial. Ten days of habituation to either an EVEN (n = 12) or SKEWED (n = 12) protein intake, was followed by a trial day. The total protein intake was controlled at 1.5 g/kg LBM, divided into 30% at each main meal in EVEN, and into 15% at breakfast and lunch and 60% at dinner in SKEWED. Snacks with 5% of the protein intake were served between meals. Energy intake in the meals and snacks were equal in both groups. Intrinsically labelled 2H5-phenylalanine minced meat was served as the dietary protein to assess the amino acid absorption. On the trial day, infusion of 2H8-phenylalanine and 2H2-tyrosine, and blood samples taken over 11 h were used to measure whole-body protein turnover. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were taken to measure 9 h muscle protein FSR. RESULTS Amino acid absorption rates and concentrations were greater in EVEN compared to SKEWED protein intake. Whole-body protein breakdown rates were lower with similar protein synthesis rates, and consequently the net-balance was greater in EVEN after breakfast and lunch compared to SKEWED and were the same in both groups after dinner. Muscle protein FSR were not different between EVEN and SKEWED. CONCLUSIONS The whole-body protein net-balance was more positive in EVEN compared to SKEWED for an extended time of the measured period, driven by a lower whole-body protein breakdown in EVEN. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03870425, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03870425.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Ehlig Hjermind Justesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Elmer Jespersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Tagmose Thomsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214442. [PMID: 36364705 PMCID: PMC9654411 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease that limits autonomy for the growing elderly population. An optimal amount of dietary protein has shown to be important to maintain muscle mass during aging. Yet, the optimal distribution of that dietary protein has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to examine whether an even, compared to a skewed, distribution of daily dietary protein leads to higher muscle protein synthesis and amino acid utilization. Twelve healthy males and twelve healthy females aged between 65 and 80 years were block randomized to either an even (EVEN, n = 12) or skewed (SKEWED, n = 12) dietary protein distribution for three daily main meals. Seven days of habituation were followed by three trial days, which were initiated by oral intake of deuterium oxide (D2O). The dietary protein throughout all trial meals was intrinsically labelled with 2H5-phenylalanine. Blood samples were drawn daily, and muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the trial to measure muscle protein synthesis (FSR) and muscle protein incorporation of the dietary-protein-derived tracer. Muscle protein FSR was no different between the two groups (EVEN 2.16 ± 0.13%/day and SKEWED 2.23 ± 0.09%/day, p = 0.647), and the muscle protein incorporation of the intrinsically labeled 2H5-phenylalanine tracer was not different between the two groups (EVEN 0.0049 ± 0.0004 MPE% and SKEWED 0.0054 ± 0.0003 MPE%, p = 0.306). In conclusion, the daily distribution pattern of the dietary protein did not affect muscle protein synthesis or the utilization of dietary protein.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bischoff SC, Barazzoni R, Busetto L, Campmans‐Kuijpers M, Cardinale V, Chermesh I, Eshraghian A, Kani HT, Khannoussi W, Lacaze L, Léon‐Sanz M, Mendive JM, Müller MW, Ockenga J, Tacke F, Thorell A, Vranesic Bender D, Weimann A, Cuerda C. European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / United European Gastroenterology guideline. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:663-720. [PMID: 35959597 PMCID: PMC9486502 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean GI patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence. OBJECTIVE The objective of the guideline is to give advice to all professionals working in the field of gastroenterology care including physicians, surgeons, dietitians and others how to handle patients with GI disease and obesity. METHODS The present guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines, following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system (A, B, 0, and good practice point [GPP]). The procedure included an online voting (Delphi) and a final consensus conference. RESULTS In 100 recommendations (3x A, 33x B, 24x 0, 40x GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of GI patients with obesity - including sarcopenic obesity - is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially fatty liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician. CONCLUSION The present guideline offers for the first time evidence-based advice how to care for patients with chronic GI diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Marjo Campmans‐Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of GastroenterologyRambam Health Care CampusAffiliated with Technion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Ahad Eshraghian
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAvicenna HospitalShirazIran
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of GastroenterologyMarmara UniversitySchool of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato‐Gastroenterology DepartmentMohammed VI University HospitalOujdaMorocco
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives (LARMAD)Mohammed the First UniversityOujdaMorocco
| | - Laurence Lacaze
- Department of NutritionRennes HospitalRennesFrance
- Department of general surgeryMantes‐la‐Jolie HospitalFrance
- Department of clinical nutritionPaul Brousse‐Hospital, VillejuifFrance
| | - Miguel Léon‐Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doce de OctubreMedical SchoolUniversity ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Juan M. Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre. Catalan Institute of Health (ICS)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Michael W. Müller
- Department of General and Visceral SurgeryRegionale Kliniken HoldingKliniken Ludwigsburg‐Bietigheim gGmbHBietigheim‐BissingenGermany
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik IIKlinikum Bremen‐MitteBremenGermany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & GastroenterologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus Virchow‐Klinikum and Campus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical ScienceDanderyds HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of SurgeryErsta HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Darija Vranesic Bender
- Department of Internal MedicineUnit of Clinical NutritionUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological SurgerySt. George HospitalLeipzigGermany
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de MedicinaUniversidad Complutense de MadridNutrition UnitHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bischoff SC, Barazzoni R, Busetto L, Campmans-Kuijpers M, Cardinale V, Chermesh I, Eshraghian A, Kani HT, Khannoussi W, Lacaze L, Léon-Sanz M, Mendive JM, Müller MW, Ockenga J, Tacke F, Thorell A, Vranesic Bender D, Weimann A, Cuerda C. European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint ESPEN/UEG guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2364-2405. [PMID: 35970666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean GI patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence. OBJECTIVE The objective of the guideline is to give advice to all professionals working in the field of gastroenterology care including physicians, surgeons, dietitians and others how to handle patients with GI disease and obesity. METHODS The present guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for ESPEN guidelines, following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading system (A, B, 0, and good practice point (GPP)). The procedure included an online voting (Delphi) and a final consensus conference. RESULTS In 100 recommendations (3x A, 33x B, 24x 0, 40x GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of GI patients with obesity - including sarcopenic obesity - is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially fatty liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician. CONCLUSION The present guideline offers for the first time evidence-based advice how to care for patients with chronic GI diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated with Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ahad Eshraghian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Avicenna Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives (LARMAD), Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Laurence Lacaze
- Department of General Surgery, Mantes-la-Jolie Hospital, Mantes-la-Jolie, France; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Paul-Brousse-Hospital, Villejuif, France.
| | - Miguel Léon-Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael W Müller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Regionale Kliniken Holding, Kliniken Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim GGmbH, Krankenhaus Bietigheim, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany.
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen FRG, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet & Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Darija Vranesic Bender
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. George Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karachaliou A, Anastasiou C, Bletsa M, Mantzaris GJ, Archavlis E, Karampekos G, Tzouvala M, Zacharopoulou E, Veimou C, Bamias G, Kontogianni M. Poor performance of predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure in patients with Crohn's disease. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-31. [PMID: 35249560 PMCID: PMC9870717 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies exploring the accuracy of equations calculating Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in patients with Crohn's disease are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of REE predictive equations against indirect calorimetry in Crohn's disease patients. REE was measured using indirect calorimetry (mREE) after an overnight fasting. Fourteen predictive equations, with and without body composition analysis parameters, were compared with mREE using different body weight approaches. Body composition analysis was performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. 186 Crohn's disease outpatients (102 males) with mean age 41.3±14.1 years and 37.6% with active disease were evaluated. Mean mREE in the total sample was 1734±443 kcal/day. All equations under-predicted REE and showed moderate correlations with mREE (Pearson's r or Spearman's rho 0.600-0.680 for current weight, all p-values<0.001). Accuracy was low for all equations at the individual level (28-42% and 25-40% for current and adjusted body weight, respectively, 19-33% for equations including body composition parameters). At the group level, accuracy showed wide limits of agreement and proportional biases. Accuracy remained low when sample was studied according to disease activity, sex, body mass index and medication use. All predictive equations underestimated REE and showed low accuracy. Indirect calorimetry remains the best method for estimating REE of patients with Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Karachaliou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Costas Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Maria Bletsa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ‘Sotiria’ Thoracic Diseases Hospital, 152 Mesogion Ave, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos J. Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’ General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 76, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Archavlis
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’ General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 76, Athens, Greece
| | - George Karampekos
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’ General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 76, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus ‘Agios Panteleimon’-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis ‘Agia Varvara’, 3 Dim. Mantouvalou Str., 184 54, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Zacharopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus ‘Agios Panteleimon’-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis ‘Agia Varvara’, 3 Dim. Mantouvalou Str., 184 54, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Veimou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus ‘Agios Panteleimon’-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis ‘Agia Varvara’, 3 Dim. Mantouvalou Str., 184 54, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ Thoracic Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Mesogion Ave, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Meropi Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lagacé JC, Marcotte-Chenard A, Paquin J, Tremblay D, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat-free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:377-385. [PMID: 34825787 PMCID: PMC8818661 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat-free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is represented. The first objective is to determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and FFM when the latter was represented in three different ways: 1-absolute FFM; 2-relative to squared height (FFMi); and 3-relative to body weight (FFM%). The second objective is to assess the impact of FFM on the relative risk of having the MetS after taking fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables into account. METHODS A total of 5274 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were studied. Age-specific and sex-specific quartiles of the three representations of FFM were defined, and the prevalence of MetS was determined in each of them. Quartiles of FFMi (kg/m2 ) were used to calculate the odds ratios of having the MetS independently of FM, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS decreased with increasing quartiles of whole-body FFM% (Q1: 40%; Q4: 10%) but grew with increasing quartiles of absolute FFM (Q1: 13%; Q4: 40%) and FFMi (Q1: 10%; Q4: 44%). Similar results were observed for appendicular and truncal FFM. The odds ratios of having the MetS, independently of fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, were significantly greater in the fourth quartile of FFMi when compared with the first quartiles of each specific subgroup [Q4 vs. Q1: younger men: 4.16 (1.99-8.68); younger women: 5.74 (2.46-13.39); older men: 1.98 (1.22-3.22); older women: 2.88 (1.69-4.90); all P ≤ 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that the representation of FFM significantly influences its association with MetS and that a larger FFM, whether absolute or relative to height, is associated with alterations in cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chenard
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Tremblay
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thibault R, Abbasoglu O, Ioannou E, Meija L, Ottens-Oussoren K, Pichard C, Rothenberg E, Rubin D, Siljamäki-Ojansuu U, Vaillant MF, Bischoff SC. ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5684-5709. [PMID: 34742138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In hospitals through Europe and worldwide, the practices regarding hospital diets are very heterogeneous. Hospital diets are rarely prescribed by physicians, and sometimes the choices of diets are based on arbitrary reasons. Often prescriptions are made independently from the evaluation of nutritional status, and without taking into account the nutritional status. Therapeutic diets (low salt, gluten-free, texture and consistency modified, …) are associated with decreased energy delivery (i.e. underfeeding) and increased risk of malnutrition. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) proposes here evidence-based recommendations regarding the organization of food catering, the prescriptions and indications of diets, as well as monitoring of food intake at hospital, rehabilitation center, and nursing home, all of these by taking into account the patient perspectives. We propose a systematic approach to adapt the hospital food to the nutritional status and potential food allergy or intolerances. Particular conditions such as patients with dysphagia, older patients, gastrointestinal diseases, abdominal surgery, diabetes, and obesity, are discussed to guide the practitioner toward the best evidence based therapy. The terminology of the different useful diets is defined. The general objectives are to increase the awareness of physicians, dietitians, nurses, kitchen managers, and stakeholders towards the pivotal role of hospital food in hospital care, to contribute to patient safety within nutritional care, to improve coverage of nutritional needs by hospital food, and reduce the risk of malnutrition and its related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.
| | - Osman Abbasoglu
- Department of Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elina Ioannou
- Department of Nutrition, Limassol General Hospital, Cyprus
| | - Laila Meija
- Riga Stradins University, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Latvia
| | - Karen Ottens-Oussoren
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claude Pichard
- Unité de Nutrition, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Rothenberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden, Sweden
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Humboldt Klinikum und Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kurihara M, Bamba S, Yasuhara S, Itoh A, Nagao T, Nakanishi N, Nakamura R, Ogawa N, Kitamura A, Yamakawa I, Kim H, Sanada M, Urushitani M, Sasaki M. Factors Affecting Energy Metabolism and Prognosis in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77:236-243. [PMID: 34515052 DOI: 10.1159/000518908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nutritional status is a factor affecting prognosis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we aimed to clarify the factors associated with hypermetabolism and the prognosticators of ALS. METHODS Forty-two inpatients (22 men, 20 women) diagnosed with ALS according to the revised El-Escorial criteria were investigated. The following data were retrospectively analyzed: anthropometric measurements, blood biochemistry, disease severity, basal energy expenditure (BEE), resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry, spirometry, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Single and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine factors affecting REE and metabolic changes (defined as the ratio of REE to fat-free mass [FFM]). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to examine factors associated with the occurrence of cumulative events (death or tracheostomy). RESULTS Among the 42 inpatients, REE was significantly higher than BEE, indicating hypermetabolism in ALS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that REE/FFM is strongly associated with the skeletal muscle index (-3.746 to -1.532, p < 0.0001) and percent forced vital capacity (%FVC) (-0.172 to -0.021, p = 0.013). Moreover, both the skeletal muscle index and %FVC were significant prognosticators associated with the occurrence of cumulative events. CONCLUSIONS Energy metabolism was elevated in ALS, and respiratory status and muscle mass were associated with the hypermetabolism and poor prognosis. Adequate nutritional support may improve outcomes in ALS by preventing deterioration of respiratory status and reduction in muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kurihara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shoko Yasuhara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Itoh
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Taishi Nagao
- Medical Education Center, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamakawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hyou Kim
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sanada
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masaya Sasaki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gater DR, Bauman C, Cowan R. A Primary Care Provider's Guide to Diet and Nutrition After Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2021; 26:197-202. [PMID: 33192047 DOI: 10.46292/sci2603-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Physiological changes that occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) are profound and affect almost every organ system in the human body. Energy balance is significantly altered due to motor paralysis, spasticity or flaccidity, neurogenic sarcopenia, neurogenic osteopenia, sympathetic nervous system disruption, and blunted anabolism. Energy expenditure is markedly reduced, whereas hypothalamic control of appetite and satiety is diminished, resulting in discordant energy intake. Ultimately, neurogenic obesity ensues as the result of a positive energy balance. Even though nutritional guidelines for persons with SCI have been available since 2009, the necessity for body composition assessment and total daily energy expenditure was insufficiently addressed such that most individuals with SCI continued in positive energy balance despite "adherence" to the guidelines. Macronutrients must be carefully assessed to optimize caloric intake, while micronutrient consumption may need to be supplemented in order to meet recommended daily allowances. Such a diet would emphasize foods with low caloric yet high nutrient density. This article reviews current literature regarding nutritional requirements for SCI and provides a straightforward plan for implementing more rigorous dietary interventions meant to address the obesity crisis in this especially vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Craig Bauman
- The Centre for Family Medicine, Waterloo Regional Medical School, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Cowan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanders K, Klooster K, Vanfleteren LEGW, Plasqui G, Dingemans AM, Slebos DJ, Schols AMWJ. Effect of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction in Advanced Emphysema on Energy Balance Regulation. Respiration 2021; 100:1-8. [PMID: 33550302 DOI: 10.1159/000511920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermetabolism and muscle wasting frequently occur in patients with severe emphysema. Improving respiratory mechanics by bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) might contribute to muscle maintenance by decreasing energy requirements and alleviating eating-related dyspnoea. OBJECTIVE The goal was to assess the impact of BLVR on energy balance regulation. DESIGN Twenty emphysematous subjects participated in a controlled clinical experiment before and 6 months after BLVR. Energy requirements were assessed: basal metabolic rate (BMR) by ventilated hood, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by doubly labelled water, whole body fat-free mass (FFM) by deuterium dilution, and physical activity by accelerometry. Oxygen saturation, breathing rate, and heart rate were monitored before, during, and after a standardized meal via pulse oximetry and dyspnoea was rated. RESULTS Sixteen patients completed follow-up, and among those, 10 patients exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of residual volume (RV) reduction. RV was reduced with median (range) 1,285 mL (-2,430, -540). Before BLVR, 90% of patients was FFM-depleted despite a normal BMI (24.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2). BMR was elevated by 130%. TDEE/BMR was 1.4 ± 0.2 despite a very low median (range) daily step count of 2,188 (739, 7,110). Following BLVR, the components of energy metabolism did not change significantly after intervention compared to before intervention, but BLVR treatment decreased meal-related dyspnoea (4.1 vs. 1.7, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Impaired respiratory mechanics in hyperinflated emphysematous patients did not explain hypermetabolism. Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT02500004 at www.clinicaltrial.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sanders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Klooster
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- COPD Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ducharme JB, Fennel ZJ, Pike B, Coleman A, Mermier CM, Lauver JD, Guilkey JP, Johnson KE. Comparison of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in college-aged adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:711-718. [PMID: 33471612 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prediction equations have been considered an accurate method for estimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) across multiple populations, but their accuracy for college-aged individuals not on an athletics team remains to be determined. Sixty-two college-aged (18-30 yrs) males (n = 31) and females (n = 31) had their RMR measured (RMRm), using indirect calorimetry, and body composition assessed via air-displacement plethysmography. The World Health Organization (WHO), Mifflin-St Jeor (Mifflin), Harris-Benedict (HB), Cunningham, and Nelson equations were used to estimate RMR. No difference was observed between the Cunningham and RMRm regardless of sex (p ≥ 0.05). All other prediction equations estimated a significantly lower RMR for males (p < 0.05). The Mifflin and Nelson equations predicted an RMR that was significantly lower than RMRm for females (p < 0.05). When compared with RMRm, no difference was detected for females using the WHO, HB, or Cunningham (p ≥ 0.05). Only the Nelson equation predicted an RMR that was outside of the clinically acceptable range (±10% of RMRm) regardless of sex. The Cunningham, WHO, and HB equations can accurately predict RMR for college-aged males and females. RMR prediction equations used in this study are less accurate for those with greater RMRs. Novelty: For adults 18-30 years old that are not on an athletics team, the Cunningham equation can accurately predict RMR. The Nelson equation should not be used to predict RMR for this population. There is a systematic bias for RMR prediction equations to underestimate higher measured RMR values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary J Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ben Pike
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Alexis Coleman
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jakob D Lauver
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Justin P Guilkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pereira-da-Silva L, Barradas S, Moreira AC, Alves M, Papoila AL, Virella D, Cordeiro-Ferreira G. Evolution of Resting Energy Expenditure, Respiratory Quotient, and Adiposity in Infants Recovering from Corrective Surgery of Major Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Anomalies: A Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103093. [PMID: 33050623 PMCID: PMC7599456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study describes the evolution of resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and adiposity in infants recovering from corrective surgery of major congenital gastrointestinal tract anomalies. Energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed. The REE and RQ were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and fat mass index (FMI) was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Longitudinal variations over time are described. Explanatory models for REE, RQ, and adiposity were obtained by multiple linear regression analysis. Twenty-nine infants were included, 15 born preterm and 14 at term, with median gestational age of 35.3 and 38.1 weeks and birth weight of 2304 g and 2935 g, respectively. In preterm infants, median REE varied between 55.7 and 67.4 Kcal/kg/d and median RQ increased from 0.70 to 0.86–0.92. In term infants, median REE varied between 57.3 and 67.9 Kcal/kg/d and median RQ increased from 0.63 to 0.84–0.88. Weight gain velocity was slower in term than preterm infants. FMI, assessed in a subset of 15 infants, varied between a median of 1.7 and 1.8 kg/m2 at term age. This low adiposity may be related to poor energy balance, low fat intakes, and low RQ¸ that were frequently recorded in several follow-up periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Number 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.P); (G.C.-F.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Nutrition Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Dietetics and Nutrition, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Av. Dom João II MB, 1990-094 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-191-723-5528
| | - Susana Barradas
- MSc Program, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and Lisbon School of Health Technology, Av. Dom João II MB, 1990-094 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Catarina Moreira
- Dietetics and Nutrition, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Av. Dom João II MB, 1990-094 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Marta Alves
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Luisa Papoila
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Number 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.P); (G.C.-F.)
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Daniel Virella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro-Ferreira
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Number 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.P); (G.C.-F.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Nutrition Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Funderburk L, Heileson J, Peterson M, Willoughby DS. Efficacy of L-Leucine Supplementation Coupled with a Calorie-Restricted Diet to Promote Weight Loss in Mid-Life Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:699-707. [PMID: 33030983 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1815607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of leucine supplementation coupled with a calorie-restricted diet over a 12-week period in mid-life overweight and obese women on body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR). METHOD This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 34 women were randomly assigned to either 10 g leucine (LEU) or placebo daily, while following a calorie-restricted diet A dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis, metabolic rate assessment via a BodyGem® and anthropometrics were performed at baseline and after the 12-week study to determine changes in fat mass, lean mass and RMR. Main variables were analyzed using 2 (condition) by 2 (time) mixed design ANOVAs with repeated measures. Odds ratio was calculated by counting the number of individuals gaining or maintaining lean mass (p ≤ .05). RESULTS Both groups lost a significant amount of weight due to both fat and lean mass loss, but there was no significant difference between groups, with RMR remaining unchanged over the course of the study and not significantly different between groups. The loss in lean mass was noticeably less, though not statistically significant (p = 0.644) for the women in the LEU group, with 38% vs. 6%, gaining or retaining lean mass during the intervention relative to the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that a greater proportion of mid-life overweight or obese women taking LEU supplements gained or maintained lean mass during intentional weight loss, though it did not reach a level of statistical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery Heileson
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Peterson
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin PH, Duann P. Dyslipidemia in Kidney Disorders: Perspectives on Mitochondria Homeostasis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1050. [PMID: 33013450 PMCID: PMC7494972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To excrete body nitrogen waste and regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, the kidney has developed into an energy factory with only second to the heart in mitochondrial content in the body to meet the high-energy demand and regulate homeostasis. Energy supply from the renal mitochondria majorly depends on lipid metabolism, with programed enzyme systems in fatty acid β-oxidation and Krebs cycle. Renal mitochondria integrate several metabolic pathways, including AMPK/PGC-1α, PPARs, and CD36 signaling to maintain energy homeostasis for dynamic and static requirements. The pathobiology of several kidney disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic kidney injuries, has been primarily linked to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such homeostatic disruption in turn stimulates a pathological adaptation, with mitochondrial enzyme system reprograming possibly leading to dyslipidemia. However, this alteration, while rescuing oncotic pressure deficit secondary to albuminuria and dissipating edematous disorder, also imposes an ominous lipotoxic consequence. Reprograming of lipid metabolism in kidney injury is essential to preserve the integrity of kidney mitochondria, thereby preventing massive collateral damage including excessive autophagy and chronic inflammation. Here, we review dyslipidemia in kidney disorders and the most recent advances on targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to restrict renal lipotoxicity, achieve salutary anti-edematous effects, and restore mitochondrial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pu Duann
- Research and Development, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen S, Scott C, Pearce JV, Farrar JS, Evans RK, Celi FS. An appraisal of whole-room indirect calorimeters and a metabolic cart for measuring resting and active metabolic rates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14343. [PMID: 32868770 PMCID: PMC7459349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-room indirect calorimeters (WRICs) have traditionally been used for real-time resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements, while metabolic rate (MR) during short-interval exercises has commonly been measured by metabolic carts (MCs). This study aims to investigate the feasibility of incorporating short-interval exercises into WRIC study protocols by comparing the performance of WRICs and an MC. We assessed the 40-min RMR of 15 subjects with 2-day repeats and the 10-15 min activity MR (AMR) of 14 subjects at three intensities, using a large WRIC, a small WRIC, and an MC. We evaluated the biases between the instruments and quantified sources of variation using variance component analysis. All three instruments showed good agreement for both RMR (maximum bias = 0.07 kcal/min) and AMR assessment (maximum bias = 0.53 kcal/min). Moreover, the majority of the variability was between-subject and between-intensity variation, whereas the types of instrument contributed only a small amount to total variation in RMR (2%) and AMR (0.2%) data. In Conclusion, the good reproducibility among the instruments indicates that they may be used interchangeably in well-designed studies. Overall, WRICs can serve as an accurate and versatile means of assessing MR, capable of integrating RMR and short-interval AMR assessments into a single protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
| | - Cory Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Janina V Pearce
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Jared S Farrar
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Ronald K Evans
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Venturini ACR, Silva AM, Abdalla PP, Dos Santos AP, Borges FG, Alves TC, Siqueira VAAA, da Cruz Alves NM, Ferriolli E, Coelho EB, Duncan M, Mota J, Machado DRL. Estimating resting energy expenditure from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: A cross-sectional study in healthy young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23466. [PMID: 32662536 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualify a 3C approach model of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate multicomponent resting energy expenditure (REE) referenced by indirect calorimetry (IC). METHODS A sample of 155 college students, of both sexes (18-30 years old) was evaluated. Anthropometric measures, REE by IC, and whole-body DXA-scans were performed. The REE for each body component was determined after transforming the components from the molecular (DXA) to the organ tissue level. Bland-Altman and proportional bias analyses were used to verify agreement between REE measured (REEIC ) and estimated (REEDXA ). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found for all sex comparisons (P < .001), except for age (P = .950). Differences from the final sex-specific models' were not found between REEIC and REEDXA (P > .05). Men also presented greater expenditure (P < .001) in each component, except for adipose tissue. The plots confirmed the validity of the model for both sexes, with low difference values between the measured and estimated REE. The mean of the differences of REEIC and REEDXA showed heteroscedasticity of the data for men (P = .004). The same error tendency was not evident for women (P = .333). CONCLUSIONS This 3C model, estimating REE from a multicomponent approach, allows a new application of DXA as tool for understanding intraindividual differences in terms of the mass of metabolically active tissue. Sex and populational differences should be taken in account. Consequently, we present qualified sex-specific DXA models that can be applied in different contexts such as health and sports, besides considering interpersonal differences in terms of energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Rossini Venturini
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Analiza Mónica Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Pereira Dos Santos
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Goes Borges
- Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cândido Alves
- Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Antonio Assis Alves Siqueira
- Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Study Group and Research in Anthropometry, Exercise and Sport (GEPEATE), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hidayat K, Du X, Shi BM, Qin LQ. Foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12981. [PMID: 32048436 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to provide a deeper understanding of the associations between foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. Both foetal and childhood exposure to famine were positively associated with the risks of T2DM (foetal exposure: RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.23-1.52; childhood exposure: RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08-1.64), metabolic syndrome (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07-1.50; RR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.13-1.35), hypertension (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07-1.57; RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), hyperglycaemia (RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.11-1.45; RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.10-1.42), dyslipidaemia (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.33-1.66; RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12-1.45), obesity (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.02-1.39; RR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00-1.28), overweight (RR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.07-1.29; RR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00-1.14), coronary heart disease (RR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.00-1.51; RR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09-1.35), and moderate-to-severe NAFLD (RR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.07-2.57; RR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.41-1.99) in adulthood. No association was observed for the risks of stroke or mild NAFLD. Adjustments for age, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity nullified some associations. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men. In summary, foetal and childhood exposure to famine may confer greater risks of developing certain cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood, particularly in women. The extent to which risks for cardiometabolic conditions are associated with early-life famine appears to be determined by certain factors in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khemayanto Hidayat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bi-Min Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lagacé JC, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. A counterintuitive perspective for the role of fat-free mass in metabolic health. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:343-347. [PMID: 31999082 PMCID: PMC7113531 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-free mass (FFM) has long been recognized to play a role in metabolic homeostasis. Over the years, it has become widely accepted by the scientific and general community alike that having a greater FFM can be protective for metabolic health. Hence, in the context of an aging population concurrently facing sarcopenia and an elevated incidence of metabolic diseases, substantial efforts are being made to study and develop interventions aiming to maintain or increase FFM. However, accumulating evidence now suggests that a large FFM may be deleterious to metabolic health, at least in some populations. The objective of this article is thus to raise awareness surrounding these results and to explore possible explanations and mechanisms underlying this counterintuitive association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Metabolic Unit, Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Metabolic Unit, Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Metabolic Unit, Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
HUANG TAIYU, GOLDSMITH FELICIAR, FULLER SCOTTE, SIMON JACOB, BATDORF HEIDIM, SCOTT MATTHEWC, ESSAJEE NABILM, BROWN JOHNM, BURK DAVIDH, MORRISON CHRISTOPHERD, BURKE SUSANJ, COLLIER JJASON, NOLAND ROBERTC. Response of Liver Metabolic Pathways to Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Are Not Additive. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:37-48. [PMID: 31389908 PMCID: PMC6910928 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies suggest ketogenic diets (KD) produce favorable outcomes (health and exercise performance); however, most rodent studies have used a low-protein KD, which does not reflect the normal- to high-protein KD used by humans. Liver has an important role in ketoadaptation due to its involvement in gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exercise training (ExTr) while consuming a normal-protein KD (NPKD) would induce additive/synergistic responses in liver metabolic pathways. METHODS Lean, healthy male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat control diet (15.9% kcal protein, 11.9% kcal fat, 72.2% kcal carbohydrate) or carbohydrate-deficient NPKD (16.1% protein, 83.9% kcal fat) for 6 wk. After 3 wk on the diet, half were subjected to 3-wk treadmill ExTr (5 d·wk, 60 min·d, moderate-vigorous intensity). Upon conclusion, metabolic and endocrine outcomes related to substrate metabolism were tested in liver and pancreas. RESULTS NPKD-fed mice had higher circulating β-hydroxybutyrate and maintained glucose at rest and during exercise. Liver of NPKD-fed mice had lower pyruvate utilization and greater ketogenic potential as evidenced by higher oxidative rates to catabolize lipids (mitochondrial and peroxisomal) and ketogenic amino acids (leucine). ExTr had higher expression of the gluconeogenic gene, Pck1, but lower hepatic glycogen, pyruvate oxidation, incomplete fat oxidation, and total pancreas area. Interaction effects between the NPKD and ExTr were observed for intrahepatic triglycerides, as well as genes involved in gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, mitochondrial fat oxidation, and peroxisomal markers; however, none were additive/synergistic. Rather, in each instance the interaction effects showed the NPKD and ExTr opposed each other. CONCLUSIONS An NPKD and an ExTr independently induce shifts in hepatic metabolic pathways, but changes do not seem to be additive/synergistic in healthy mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TAI-YU HUANG
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - FELICIA R. GOLDSMITH
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - SCOTT E. FULLER
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA
| | - JACOB SIMON
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - HEIDI M. BATDORF
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - MATTHEW C. SCOTT
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - NABIL M. ESSAJEE
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - JOHN M. BROWN
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - DAVID H. BURK
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - SUSAN J. BURKE
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J. JASON COLLIER
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT C. NOLAND
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gostyńska A, Stawny M, Dettlaff K, Jelińska A. Clinical Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients in the Context of the Latest ESPEN Guidelines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55120770. [PMID: 31810303 PMCID: PMC6955661 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The group of patients most frequently in need of nutritional support are intensive care patients. This year (i.e., 2019), new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines of clinical nutrition in intensive care were published, updating and gathering current knowledge on the subject of this group of patients. Planning the right nutritional intervention is often a challenging task involving the necessity of the choice of the enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) route of administration, time of initiation, energy demand, amino acid content and demand as well as the use of immunomodulatory nutrition. The aim of this study was to specify and discuss the basic aspects of the clinical nutrition of critically ill patients recommended by ESPEN guidelines. Clinical nutrition in intensive care seems to be the best-studied type of nutritional intervention. However, meta-analyses and clinical studies comparing EN and PN and their impact on the prognosis of the intensive care patients showed ambiguous results. The nutritional interventions, starting with EN, should be initiated within 24-48 h whereas PN, if recommended, should be implemented within 3-7 days. The recommended method of calculation of the energy demand is indirect calorimetry, however, there are also validated equations used worldwide in everyday practice. The recommended protein intake in this group of patients and the results of insufficient or too high supply was addressed. In light of the concept of immunomodulatory nutrition, the use of appropriate amino acid solutions and lipid emulsion that can bring a positive effect on the modulation of the immune response was discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Burke SJ, Batdorf HM, Huang TY, Jackson JW, Jones KA, Martin TM, Rohli KE, Karlstad MD, Sparer TE, Burk DH, Campagna SR, Noland RC, Soto PL, Collier JJ. One week of continuous corticosterone exposure impairs hepatic metabolic flexibility, promotes islet β-cell proliferation, and reduces physical activity in male C57BL/6 J mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105468. [PMID: 31536768 PMCID: PMC6939671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical glucocorticoid use, and diseases that produce elevated circulating glucocorticoids, promote drastic changes in body composition and reduction in whole body insulin sensitivity. Because steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia, we investigated mechanisms underlying the recognized phenotypes associated with glucocorticoid excess. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either 100ug/mL corticosterone (cort) or vehicle in their drinking water. Body composition measurements revealed an increase in fat mass with drastically reduced lean mass during the first week (i.e., seven days) of cort exposure. Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving cort had a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity (measured by insulin tolerance test) five days after drug intervention. The increase in insulin resistance significantly correlated with an increase in the number of Ki-67 positive β-cells. Moreover, the ability to switch between fuel sources in liver tissue homogenate substrate oxidation assays revealed reduced metabolic flexibility. Furthermore, metabolomics analyses revealed a decrease in liver glycolytic metabolites, suggesting reduced glucose utilization, a finding consistent with onset of systemic insulin resistance. Physical activity was reduced, while respiratory quotient was increased, in mice receiving corticosterone. The majority of metabolic changes were reversed upon cessation of the drug regimen. Collectively, we conclude that changes in body composition and tissue level substrate metabolism are key components influencing the reductions in whole body insulin sensitivity observed during glucocorticoid administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Katarina A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Thomas M Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Kristen E Rohli
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Robert C Noland
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Paul L Soto
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Accuracy of predictive equations versus indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of energy expenditure in cancer patients with solid tumors - An integrative systematic review study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 35:12-19. [PMID: 31987104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer is one the principal causes of death, and is considered a health issue worldwide. Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition due to the disease and the treatment itself. Nutritional therapy is part of a multi-modal treatment and it is important to be aware of the patient's energy expenditure to aid in decision-making for dietotherapeutic prescription. Indirect Calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard method for measuring energy expenditure (EE); but due to its often high cost in clinical practise, equations that measure energy expenditure are usually used. OBJECTIVES To perform an integrative systematic review, searching in the literature for how predictive equations of EE behave in relation to IC in cancer patients with solid tumors, considering the overall accuracy for cancer patients, the different tumor types, and the type of anti-cancer therapy applied. METHODS A review was carried out of systematic integrative type literature. The articles were searched for in three databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science) using descriptors accompanied by Boolean operators. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined, and the articles found went through selection, analysis and extraction of their results. RESULTS A total of 688 articles were identified that underwent a thorough selection, resulting in 15 studies that included in this review. In five studies, the results showed that predictive equations underestimated the EE of cancer patients; in three studies the EE was overestimated by predictive equations, and in seven studies predictive equations underestimated or overestimated the EE. The low accuracy of predictive EE equations was present regardless of tumor type and type of anti-cancer therapy received by patients. CONCLUSION The predictive energy expenditure equations available to date are generally not in accordance with IC results for cancer patients with solid tumors, since these individuals present clinical situations or are exposed to factors that alter EE and are not considered in these equations.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ghosh S, Wicks SE, Vandanmagsar B, Mendoza TM, Bayless DS, Salbaum JM, Dearth SP, Campagna SR, Mynatt RL, Noland RC. Extensive metabolic remodeling after limiting mitochondrial lipid burden is consistent with an improved metabolic health profile. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12313-12327. [PMID: 31097541 PMCID: PMC6699851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial lipid overload in skeletal muscle contributes to insulin resistance, and strategies limiting this lipid pressure improve glucose homeostasis; however, comprehensive cellular adaptations that occur in response to such an intervention have not been reported. Herein, mice with skeletal muscle-specific deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (Cpt1bM-/-), which limits mitochondrial lipid entry, were fed a moderate fat (25%) diet, and samples were subjected to a multimodal analysis merging transcriptomics, proteomics, and nontargeted metabolomics to characterize the coordinated multilevel cellular responses that occur when mitochondrial lipid burden is mitigated. Limiting mitochondrial fat entry predictably improves glucose homeostasis; however, remodeling of glucose metabolism pathways pales compared with adaptations in amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways, shifts in nucleotide metabolites, and biogenesis of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Despite impaired fat utilization, Cpt1bM-/- mice have increased acetyl-CoA (14-fold) and NADH (2-fold), indicating metabolic shifts yield sufficient precursors to meet energy demand; however, this does not translate to enhance energy status as Cpt1bM-/- mice have low ATP and high AMP levels, signifying energy deficit. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic data with disease-associated gene-sets not only predicted reduced risk of glucose metabolism disorders but was also consistent with lower risk for hepatic steatosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and premature death. Collectively, these results suggest induction of metabolic inefficiency under conditions of energy surfeit likely contributes to improvements in metabolic health when mitochondrial lipid burden is mitigated. Moreover, the breadth of disease states to which mechanisms induced by muscle-specific Cpt1b inhibition may mediate health benefits could be more extensive than previously predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shawna E Wicks
- Talaria Antibodies, Inc., Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Bolormaa Vandanmagsar
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Tamra M Mendoza
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - David S Bayless
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Genomics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Stephen P Dearth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Transgenic Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xue J, Li S, Zhang Y, Hong P. Accuracy of Predictive Resting-Metabolic-Rate Equations in Chinese Mainland Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152747. [PMID: 31374849 PMCID: PMC6695646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) is necessary when we make energy requirements and nutrition suggestions in clinical. However, indirect calorimetry is not always available. The objectives of this study were to make a comparison between RMR measured by indirect calorimetry and RMR predicted by different kinds of equations, and to develop new predictive equations for Chinese mainland adults. In this study, 315 Chinese mainland adults from different provinces all over China were recruited. Subjects underwent half a day of testing, which consisted of anthropometric assessment and RMR measurement. Measured and predicted RMR were compared; new optimal equations for Chinese mainland adults were developed and tested by splitting the subjects into a development and validation group. The measured RMR was in the range of 831–2776 kcal/day (mean 1651 ± 339 kcal/day). Our findings indicated that, except for the Harris–Benedict and Schofield equations, three Chinese equations and two fat-free mass (FFM) modeling equations all significantly underestimated RMR compared to the measured value (all p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between predicted and measured RMR using the new equations for females and males. Of the pre-existing equations, Schofield’s is the most suitable for Chinese mainland adults. However, the two new equations developed in this study seem to be more effective for predicting the RMR of Chinese mainland adults, and need to be validated by a larger independent sample with different physiological and anthropometric characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xue
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ping Hong
- Winter Sports Administrative Center, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singer P, Hiesmayr M. Answer to the letter: Nutrition management of obese critically ill patients: More research is urgently needed. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2467. [PMID: 31399263 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Michael Hiesmayr
- Division of Cardiothoracic Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Purcell SA, Elliott SA, Baracos VE, Chu QSC, Sawyer MB, Mourtzakis M, Easaw JC, Spratlin JL, Siervo M, Prado CM. Accuracy of Resting Energy Expenditure Predictive Equations in Patients With Cancer. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34:922-934. [PMID: 31347209 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to assess the accuracy of resting energy expenditure (REE) equations in patients with newly diagnosed stage I-IV non-small cell lung, rectal, colon, renal, or pancreatic cancer. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, REE was measured using indirect calorimetry and compared with 23 equations. Agreement between measured and predicted REE was assessed via paired t-tests, Bland-Altman analysis, and percent of estimations ≤ 10% of measured values. Accuracy was measured among subgroups of body mass index (BMI), stage (I-III vs IV), and cancer type (lung, rectal, and colon) categories. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Among 125 patients, most had lung, colon, or rectal cancer (92%, BMI: 27.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2 , age: 61 ± 11 years, REE: 1629 ± 321 kcal/d). Thirteen (56.5%) equations yielded REE values different than measured (P < 0.05). Limits of agreement were wide for all equations, with Mifflin-St. Jeor equation having the smallest limits of agreement, -21.7% to 11.3% (-394 to 203 kcal/d). Equations with FFM were not more accurate except for one equation (Huang with body composition; bias, limits of agreement: -0.3 ± 11.3% vs without body composition: 2.3 ± 10.1%, P < 0.001). Bias in body composition equations was consistently positively correlated with age and frequently negatively correlated with FM. Bias and limits of agreement were similar among subgroups of patients. CONCLUSION REE cannot be accurately predicted on an individual level, and bias relates to age and FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Purcell
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah A Elliott
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quincy S C Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael B Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marina Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob C Easaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Spratlin
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kinnunen H, Häkkinen K, Schumann M, Karavirta L, Westerterp KR, Kyröläinen H. Training-induced changes in daily energy expenditure: Methodological evaluation using wrist-worn accelerometer, heart rate monitor, and doubly labeled water technique. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219563. [PMID: 31291373 PMCID: PMC6619827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wrist-mounted motion sensors can quantify the volume and intensity of physical activities, but little is known about their long-term validity. Our aim was to validate a wrist motion sensor in estimating daily energy expenditure, including any change induced by long-term participation in endurance and strength training. Supplemental heart rate monitoring during weekly exercise was also investigated. METHODS A 13-day doubly labeled water (DLW) measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) was performed twice in healthy male subjects: during two last weeks of a 12-week Control period (n = 15) and during two last weeks of a 12-week combined strength and aerobic Training period (n = 13). Resting energy expenditure was estimated using two equations: one with body weight and age, and another one with fat-free mass. TEE and activity induced energy expenditure (AEE) were determined from motion sensor alone, and from motions sensor combined with heart rate monitor, the latter being worn during exercise only. RESULTS When body weight and age were used in the calculation of resting energy expenditure, the motion sensor data alone explained 78% and 62% of the variation in TEE assessed by DLW at the end of Control and Training periods, respectively, with a bias of +1.75 (p <.001) and +1.19 MJ/day (p = .002). When exercise heart rate data was added to the model, the combined wearable device approach explained 85% and 70% of the variation in TEE assessed by DLW with a bias of +1.89 and +1.75 MJ/day (p <.001 for both). While significant increases in TEE and AEE were detected by all methods as a result of participation in regular training, motion sensor approach underestimated the change measured by DLW: +1.13±0.66 by DLW, +0.59±0.69 (p = .004) by motion sensor, and +0.98±0.70 MJ/day by combination of motion sensor and heart rate. Use of fat-free mass in the estimation of resting energy expenditure removed the biases between the wearable device estimations and the golden standard reference method of TEE and demonstrated a training-induced increase in resting energy expenditure by +0.18±0.13 MJ/day (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS Wrist motion sensor combined with a heart rate monitor during exercise sessions, showed high agreement with the golden standard measurement of daily TEE and its change induced by participation in a long-term training protocol. The positive findings concerning the validity, especially the ability to follow-up the change associated with a lifestyle modification, can be considered significant because they partially determine the feasibility of wearable devices as quantifiers of health-related behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Kinnunen
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland
| | - Klaas R. Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fuller SE, Huang TY, Simon J, Batdorf HM, Essajee NM, Scott MC, Waskom CM, Brown JM, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Noland RC. Low-intensity exercise induces acute shifts in liver and skeletal muscle substrate metabolism but not chronic adaptations in tissue oxidative capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:143-156. [PMID: 31095457 PMCID: PMC6692746 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00820.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations in hepatic and skeletal muscle substrate metabolism following acute and chronic (6 wk; 5 days/wk; 1 h/day) low-intensity treadmill exercise were tested in healthy male C57BL/6J mice. Low-intensity exercise maximizes lipid utilization; therefore, we hypothesized pathways involved in lipid metabolism would be most robustly affected. Acute exercise nearly depleted liver glycogen immediately postexercise (0 h), whereas hepatic triglyceride (TAG) stores increased in the early stages after exercise (0-3 h). Also, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene expression and fat oxidation (mitochondrial and peroxisomal) increased immediately postexercise (0 h), whereas carbohydrate and amino acid oxidation in liver peaked 24-48 h later. Alternatively, skeletal muscle exhibited a less robust response to acute exercise as stored substrates (glycogen and TAG) remained unchanged, induction of PGC-1α gene expression was delayed (up at 3 h), and mitochondrial substrate oxidation pathways (carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid) were largely unaltered. Peroxisomal lipid oxidation exhibited the most dynamic changes in skeletal muscle substrate metabolism after acute exercise; however, this response was also delayed (peaked 3-24 h postexercise), and expression of peroxisomal genes remained unaffected. Interestingly, 6 wk of training at a similar intensity limited weight gain, increased muscle glycogen, and reduced TAG accrual in liver and muscle; however, substrate oxidation pathways remained unaltered in both tissues. Collectively, these results suggest changes in substrate metabolism induced by an acute low-intensity exercise bout in healthy mice are more rapid and robust in liver than in skeletal muscle; however, training at a similar intensity for 6 wk is insufficient to induce remodeling of substrate metabolism pathways in either tissue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Effects of low-intensity exercise on substrate metabolism pathways were tested in liver and skeletal muscle of healthy mice. This is the first study to describe exercise-induced adaptations in peroxisomal lipid metabolism and also reports comprehensive adaptations in mitochondrial substrate metabolism pathways (carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid). Acute low-intensity exercise induced shifts in mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism in both tissues, but training at this intensity did not induce adaptive remodeling of metabolic pathways in healthy mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Fuller
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette , Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Simon
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nabil M Essajee
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Matthew C Scott
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Callie M Waskom
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - John M Brown
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tinsley GM, Graybeal AJ, Moore ML. Resting metabolic rate in muscular physique athletes: validity of existing methods and development of new prediction equations. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:397-406. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important step for prescribing an individual’s energy intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of portable indirect calorimeters and RMR prediction equations in muscular physique athletes. Twenty-seven males (n = 17; body mass index (BMI): 28.8 ± 2.0 kg/m2; body fat: 12.5% ± 2.7%) and females (n = 10; BMI: 22.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2; body fat: 19.2% ± 3.4%) were evaluated. The reference RMR value was obtained from the ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 indirect calorimeter, and the Cosmed Fitmate and Breezing Metabolism Tracker provided additional RMR estimates. Existing RMR prediction equations based on body weight (BW) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat-free mass (FFM) were also evaluated. Errors in RMR estimates were assessed using validity statistics, including t tests with Bonferroni correction, linear regression, and calculation of the standard error of the estimate, total error, and 95% limits of agreement. Additionally, new prediction equations based on BW (RMR (kcal/day) = 24.8 × BW (kg) + 10) and FFM (RMR (kcal/day) = 25.9 × FFM (kg) + 284) were developed using stepwise linear regression and evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Nearly all existing BW- and FFM-based prediction equations, as well as the Breezing Tracker, did not exhibit acceptable validity and typically underestimated RMR. The ten Haaf and Weijs (PLoS ONE, 9: e1084602014 (2014)) and Cunningham (1980) (Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33: 2372–2374 (1980)) FFM-based equations may produce acceptable RMR estimates, although the Cosmed Fitmate and newly developed BW- and FFM-based equations may be most suitable for RMR estimation in male and female physique athletes. Future research should provide additional external cross-validation of the newly developed equations to refine the ability to predict RMR in physique athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Austin J. Graybeal
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - M. Lane Moore
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Purcell SA, Wallengren O, Baracos VE, Lundholm K, Iresjö BM, Chu QSC, Ghosh SS, Prado CM. Determinants of change in resting energy expenditure in patients with stage III/IV colorectal cancer. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:134-140. [PMID: 30975554 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Resting energy expenditure (REE) is variable in cancer and might be influenced by changes in tumor burden, systemic inflammation, and body composition. The objective of this study was to assess REE change and the predictors of such in patients with stage III or IV colorectal cancer. METHODS REE was measured via indirect calorimetry and fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry as part of a unique analysis of two studies. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured as an inflammatory marker. Linear regression was used to assess the determinants of REE at baseline and REE change, with days between baseline and follow-up measures included as a covariate. RESULTS One-hundred and nine patients were included at baseline (59.6% male; 67 ± 12 years; body mass index 24.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2); 49 had follow-up data (61.2% male; 65 ± 12 years; body mass index 25.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2), with median follow-up of 119 days (interquartile range: 113-127 days). At baseline, age, FFM, and CRP explained 68.9% of the variability in REE. A wide variability in REE change over time was observed, ranging from -156 to 370 kcal/day, or -13.0 to 15.7%/100 days. CRP change (1.7 ± 0.4 mg/L, p < 0.001) and stage (81.3 ± 38.7, p = 0.042) predicted REE change in multivariate analysis, controlling for age, FFM change, and days between visits (R2: 0.417 ± 88.2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Age, FFM, and CRP predicted REE at a single time point. REE change was highly variable and explained by inflammation and stage. Future research should investigate the validity and feasibility of incorporating these measures into energy needs recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ola Wallengren
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Surgical Metabolic Research Lab, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Science and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Surgical Metabolic Research Lab, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Science and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Quincy S C Chu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita S Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eslamparast T, Vandermeer B, Raman M, Gramlich L, Den Heyer V, Belland D, Ma M, Tandon P. Are Predictive Energy Expenditure Equations Accurate in Cirrhosis? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020334. [PMID: 30720726 PMCID: PMC6412603 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. An accurate nutrition prescription is an essential component of care, often estimated using time-efficient predictive equations. Our aim was to compare resting energy expenditure (REE) estimated using predictive equations (predicted REE, pREE) versus REE measured using gold-standard, indirect calorimetry (IC) (measured REE, mREE). We included full-text English language studies in adults with cirrhosis comparing pREE versus mREE. The mean differences across studies were pooled with RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 17 studies (1883 patients) were analyzed. The pooled cohort was comprised of 65% men with a mean age of 53 ± 7 years. Only 45% of predictive equations estimated energy requirements to within 90⁻110% of mREE using IC. Eighty-three percent of predictive equations underestimated and 28% overestimated energy needs by ±10%. When pooled, the mean difference between the mREE and pREE was lowest for the Harris⁻Benedict equation, with an underestimation of 54 (95% CI: 30⁻137) kcal/d. The pooled analysis was associated with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). In conclusion, predictive equations calculating REE have limited accuracy in patients with cirrhosis, most commonly underestimating energy requirements and are associated with wide variations in individual comparative data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Eslamparast
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 130 University Campus, Zeidler ledcor Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Vandermeer
- Alberta Research Center for Health Evidence, Pediatrics, 4-496 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 6D26 TRW Building 3280 Hospital drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Leah Gramlich
- Department of Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Den Heyer
- Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
| | - Dawn Belland
- Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada.
| | - Mang Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 130 University Campus, Zeidler ledcor Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada.
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 130 University Campus, Zeidler ledcor Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sampath Kumar A, Arun Maiya G, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Maiya S, Umakanth S. Correlation between basal metabolic rate, visceral fat and insulin resistance among type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:344-348. [PMID: 30641723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) means the amount of energy utilized by body in physical and psychological resting rate, after a night sleep, awake without any previous physical activity post meal (10 h after last meal) & neutral environment. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is an increase in BMR which is said to be associated with the level of glycaemic control. So, the objective of the study was to find out the correlation between BMR, Insulin resistance and Visceral fat in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 50 participants with T2DM with peripheral neuropathy were included. Age group of 30-75 years were selected for the study. Participants with a known history of neurological disease, locomotor disability, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Demographic details of the participants like duration of diabetes mellitus, age, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Neuropathy and Blood pressure values were noted. We measured Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by using Mifflin-St Jeor predictive equation in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS The mean age of the participants is 60.16 ± 10.62. The mean duration of T2DM 13.44 ± 11.92. In the present study we found a statistical significant correlation between BMR and HOMA IR (r = 0.913*; p = 0.000), BMR & Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.281*; p = 0.048), BMR and Visceral fat (VF) (r = 0.332*; p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Basal metabolic rate is correlated to Homa-IR, visceral fat, fasting blood sugar and musculoskeletal mass among T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sampath Kumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - B A Shastry
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Shubha Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. T.M.A Pai Hospital, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Amdanee N, Di W, Liu J, Yu J, Sheng Y, Lv S, Chattun MR, Qi H, Liu W, Tang L, Ding G. Age-associated changes of resting energy expenditure, body composition and fat distribution in Chinese Han males. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13940. [PMID: 30536574 PMCID: PMC6286433 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related alterations in whole body composition, particularly, reduced fat free mass (FFM) and increased fat mass (FM), lead to a progressive decline in resting energy expenditure (REE). Similarly, regional body composition and fat distribution changes with age might also contribute to an overall lower REE. This study investigated the influence of age on REE, regional body composition and fat distribution, including subcutaneous fat (SF) and visceral fat (VF), in a Chinese Han population as well as their contributions to age-related changes in REE. One hundred and two males aged 31-83 years old underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) which measured whole body and regional FM and FFM. SF and VF were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and REE by indirect calorimetry. Age was significantly negatively correlated with REE (r = -0.37), total FFM (r = -0.25), upper limbs FFM (r = -0.32), lower limbs FFM (r = -0.34) and showed positive association with trunk FFM (β=0.926). FM, SF and VF decreased in older age groups after an initial rise up to 55-65 years. REE correlated positively to FM, FFM, SF, VF and showed significant association with age (β = -0.254) independent of age-associated changes in body composition. The regional alterations in body composition with age were explained by changes in trunk FFM (β = 0.926). Age-related decline in REE were not solely due to alterations in FM and FFM. Therefore, the changes in regional body composition, fat distribution and REE which occur during aging could be explained by disparities in race, ethnicity, diet, physical activity, and lower specific metabolic rates of FFM components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nousayhah Amdanee
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenjuan Di
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hanmei Qi
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wangyan Liu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guida B, Cataldi M, Busetto L, Aiello ML, Musella M, Capone D, Parolisi S, Policastro V, Ragozini G, Belfiore A. Predictors of fat-free mass loss 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1307-1315. [PMID: 29574529 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most frequently performed bariatric surgery interventions because of its safety and efficacy. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised on its detrimental effect on patient nutritional state that can ultimately lead to the loss of fat-free mass (FFM). There is interest in identifying predictors for the early identification of patients at risk of this highly unwanted adverse because they could benefit of nutritional preventive interventions. Therefore, we investigated whether anthropometric parameters, body composition or resting energy expenditure (REE) measured before surgery could predict FFM loss 1 year after LSG. METHODS Study design was retrospective observational. We retrieved data on body weight, BMI, body composition and REE before and 1 year after LSG from the medical files of 36 patients operated on by LSG at our institutions. Simple regression, the Oldham's method and multilevel analysis were used to identify predictors of FFM loss. RESULTS Averaged percentage FFM loss 1 year after LSG was 17.0 ± 7.7% with significant differences between sexes (20.8 ± 6.6 in males and 12.2 ± 6.1% in females, p < 0.001). FFM loss was strongly predicted by pre-surgery FFM and this effect persisted also after correcting for the contribution of sex. CONCLUSIONS High FFM values before surgery predict a more severe FFM loss after LSG. This factor could also account for the higher FFM loss in men than in women. Our finding could help in the early identification of patient requiring a nutritional support after LSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Guida
- Division of Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini n°5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Cataldi
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M L Aiello
- Division of Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini n°5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Musella
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Division of Surgery, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D Capone
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - S Parolisi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini n°5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - V Policastro
- Division of Statistics, Department of Political Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ragozini
- Division of Statistics, Department of Political Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Belfiore
- Division of Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini n°5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Marzullo P, Minocci A, Mele C, Fessehatsion R, Tagliaferri M, Pagano L, Scacchi M, Aimaretti G, Sartorio A. The relationship between resting energy expenditure and thyroid hormones in response to short-term weight loss in severe obesity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205293. [PMID: 30339686 PMCID: PMC6195261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulating thermogenesis is a major task of thyroid hormones (THs), and involves TH-responsive energetic processes at the central and peripheral level. In severe obesity, little is known on the relationship between THs and resting energy expenditure (REE) before and after weight loss. Methods We enrolled 100 euthyroid subjects with severe obesity who were equally distributed between genders. Each was examined before and after completion of a 4-wk inpatient multidisciplinary dieting program and subjected to measurement of thyroid function, REE, fat-free mass (FFM, kg) and percent fat mass (FM). Results Baseline REE was lower than predicted in 70 obese patients, and overall associated with BMI, FFM and FM but not thyroid-related parameters. By the study end, both BMI and REE decreased (5.5% and 4.1%, p<0.001 vs. baseline) and their percent changes were significantly associated (p<0.05), while no association related percent changes of REE and FFM or FM. Individually, REE decreased in 66 and increased in 34 patients irrespective of gender, BMI and body composition. Weight loss significantly impacted TSH (-6.3%), FT3 (-3.3%) and FT4 levels (3.9%; p<0.001 for all). By the study end, a significant correlation became evident between REE and FT4 (r = 0.42, p<0.001) as well as FT3 (r = 0.24, p<0.05). In stepwise multivariable regression analysis, however, neither THs nor body composition entered the regression equation for REE response to weight loss. Conclusions In severe obesity, short-term weight loss discloses a positive relationship between REE and THs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marzullo
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of General Medicine, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandro Minocci
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of General Medicine, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Rezene Fessehatsion
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | | | - Loredana Pagano
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of General Medicine, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:48-79. [PMID: 30348463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1296] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous guidelines to provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients have been updated. These guidelines define who are the patients at risk, how to assess nutritional status of an ICU patient, how to define the amount of energy to provide, the route to choose and how to adapt according to various clinical conditions. When to start and how to progress in the administration of adequate provision of nutrients is also described. The best determination of amount and nature of carbohydrates, fat and protein are suggested. Special attention is given to glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids. Particular conditions frequently observed in intensive care such as patients with dysphagia, frail patients, multiple trauma patients, abdominal surgery, sepsis, and obesity are discussed to guide the practitioner toward the best evidence based therapy. Monitoring of this nutritional therapy is discussed in a separate document.
Collapse
|
48
|
Geisler C, Hübers M, Granert O, Müller MJ. Contribution of structural brain phenotypes to the variance in resting energy expenditure in healthy Caucasian subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:320-327. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00690.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes are related to weight changes. The impact of structural variations in GM and WM on the variance in resting energy expenditure (REE) and the REE-on-fat-free mass (FFM) association is unknown. The aim of this study was to address this in healthy Caucasian subjects. Cross-sectional data analysis of 493 healthy Caucasian subjects (age range 6–80 years; 3 age groups) was conducted with comprehensive information on FFM, organ and tissue masses, and detailed brain composition as assessed by whole body magnetic resonance imaging and REE (assessed by indirect calorimetry). REE was calculated (REEc) using organ and tissue masses times their specific metabolic rates. FFM was the major determinant of REE (70.6%); individual masses of liver, total brain, and heart explained a further 2.1% of the variance in REE. Replacing total brain with GM and WM did not change the total R2. Nevertheless, GM added more to the variance in REE (5.6%) and corresponding residuals (12.5%) than did total brain. Additionally, up to 12% was explained by age and sex (<2%). There was a systematic bias between REE and REEc with positive values in younger subjects but negative values in older ones. This bias remained after substituting the specific metabolic rate of brain with the specific metabolic rates of GM and WM. In healthy Caucasian subjects, GM and WM contributed to the variance in REE. Detailed brain structures do not explain the bias between REE and REEc.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Detailed brain composition (gray and white matter) contributed to the variances of resting energy expenditure (REE) and REE-on-fat-free mass residuals. Gray matter explained most of the variances, and for future studies on energy expenditure, brain compartments should be analyzed separately with regard to their different energy needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Hübers
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Granert
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J. Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ghielmetti V, Wichert B, Rüegg S, Frey D, Liesegang A. Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1401-1410. [PMID: 29920783 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Ghielmetti
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Wichert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüegg
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Frey
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hewitt MJ. Writing an Exercise Prescription. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|