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Yoon DS, Kim JS, Hong MS, Byeon E, Sayed AEDH, Park HG, Lee JS, Lee MC. Effects of bisphenol A on reproduction, oxidative stress, and lipid regulation in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116553. [PMID: 38880034 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, focusing on growth performance, reproductive output, oxidative stress responses, and lipid metabolism genes. High BPA levels disrupted peak daily offspring production and led to oxidative stress and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The research identified distinctive monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) genes in B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis, and B. koreanus, enhancing understanding of lipid metabolism in these species. BPA exposure significantly altered MGAT and DGAT expression, and feeding status affected these regulatory patterns. When food was unavailable, BPA reduced DGAT2 and MGAT2a expression. However, under feeding conditions, DGAT2 and MGAT1 levels increased, indicating that nutritional status and BPA exposure interact to affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Mi-Song Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | | | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
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Yuan B, Doxsey W, Tok Ö, Kwon YY, Inouye KE, Hotamışlıgil GS, Hui S. An Organism-Level Quantitative Flux Model of Energy Metabolism in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579776. [PMID: 38405872 PMCID: PMC10888810 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues feed on nutrients in the blood circulation. At the organism-level, mammalian energy metabolism comprises of oxidation, storage, interconverting, and releasing of circulating nutrients. Though much is known about the individual processes and nutrients, a holistic and quantitative model describing these processes for all major circulating nutrients is lacking. Here, by integrating isotope tracer infusion, mass spectrometry, and isotope gas analyzer measurement, we developed a framework to systematically quantify fluxes through these metabolic processes for 10 major circulating energy nutrients in mice, resulting in an organism-level quantitative flux model of energy metabolism. This model revealed in wildtype mice that circulating nutrients have more dominant metabolic cycling fluxes than their oxidation fluxes, with distinct partition between cycling and oxidation flux for individual circulating nutrients. Applications of this framework in obese mouse models showed on a per animal basis extensive elevation of metabolic cycling fluxes in ob/ob mice, but not in diet-induced obese mice. Thus, our framework describes quantitatively the functioning of energy metabolism at the organism-level, valuable for revealing new features of energy metabolism in physiological and disease conditions. Highlights A flux model of energy metabolism integrating 13 C labeling of metabolites and CO 2 Circulating nutrients have characteristic partition between oxidation and storageCirculating nutrients' total cycling flux outweighs their total oxidation fluxCycling fluxes are extensively elevated in ob/ob but not in diet-induced obese mice.
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Scicchitano P, Amati F, Ciccone MM, D’Ascenzi F, Imbalzano E, Liga R, Paolillo S, Pastore MC, Rinaldi A, Mattioli AV, Cameli M. Hypertriglyceridemia: Molecular and Genetic Landscapes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6364. [PMID: 38928071 PMCID: PMC11203941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorders represent one of the most worrisome cardiovascular risk factors. The focus on the impact of lipids on cardiac and vascular health usually concerns low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while the role of triglycerides (TGs) is given poor attention. The literature provides data on the impact of higher plasma concentrations in TGs on the cardiovascular system and, therefore, on the outcomes and comorbidities of patients. The risk for coronary heart diseases varies from 57 to 76% in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Specifically, the higher the plasma concentrations in TGs, the higher the incidence and prevalence of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Nevertheless, the metabolism of TGs and the exact physiopathologic mechanisms which try to explain the relationship between TGs and cardiovascular outcomes are not completely understood. The aims of this narrative review were as follows: to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolism of triglycerides and a possible suggestion for understanding the targets for counteracting hypertriglyceridemia; to describe the inner physiopathological background for the relationship between vascular and cardiac damages derived from higher plasma concentrations in TGs; and to outline the need for promoting further insights in therapies for reducing TGs plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scicchitano
- Cardiology Department, Hospital “F Perinei” ASL BA, 70022 Altamura, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Flavio D’Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Liga
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, IRCCS, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Science of Quality of Life, University of Bologna “Alma Mater Studiorum”, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.P.); (M.C.)
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Portincasa P, Khalil M, Mahdi L, Perniola V, Idone V, Graziani A, Baffy G, Di Ciaula A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5640. [PMID: 38891828 PMCID: PMC11172019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) to "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and, finally, "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut-liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD/MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Laura Mahdi
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Perniola
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Idone
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
- Aboca S.p.a. Società Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
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5
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Chen F, He Y, Li X, Zhu H, Li Y, Xie D. Improvement in Muscle Fatty Acid Bioavailability and Volatile Flavor in Tilapia by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Nutrition Strategy. Foods 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38611311 PMCID: PMC11011702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the modification of muscle quality of farmed tilapia through dietary fatty acid strategies, two diets were formulated. Diet SO, using soybean oil as the lipid source, and diet BO, using blended soybean and linseed oils, each including 0.58% and 1.35% α-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively, were formulated to feed juvenile tilapia for 10 weeks. The muscular nutrition composition, positional distribution of fatty acid in triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs), volatile flavor, lipid mobilization and oxidation were then analyzed. The results showed that there was no distinct difference between the SO and BO groups in terms of the nutrition composition, including crude protein, crude lipid, TAGs, PLs, and amino acid. Although the fatty acid distribution characteristics in ATGs and PLs showed a similar trend in the two groups, a higher level of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) and n-3 LC-PUFA (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid) bound to the glycerol backbone of TAGs and PLs was detected in the BO group than the SO group, whereas the opposite was true for n-6 PUFA. Additionally, the muscular volatile aldehyde and alcohol levels were higher in the BO group. Moreover, the expression of enzymatic genes and protein activities related to lipid mobilization (LPL, LPCAT, DGAT) and oxidation (LOX and GPX) was higher in the BO group. The results demonstrate that high-ALA diets may improve the fatty acid bioavailability and volatile flavor of tilapia by improving the lipid mobilization and oxidation, which provides new ideas for the improvement of muscle quality in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hangbo Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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6
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Deng B, Kong W, Shen X, Han C, Zhao Z, Chen S, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. The role of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in regulating tumor cell growth and their potential clinical implications. J Transl Med 2024; 22:290. [PMID: 38500157 PMCID: PMC10946154 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is widely reprogrammed in tumor cells. Lipid droplet is a common organelle existing in most mammal cells, and its complex and dynamic functions in maintaining redox and metabolic balance, regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulating chemoresistance, and providing essential biomolecules and ATP have been well established in tumor cells. The balance between lipid droplet formation and catabolism is critical to maintaining energy metabolism in tumor cells, while the process of energy metabolism affects various functions essential for tumor growth. The imbalance of synthesis and catabolism of fatty acids in tumor cells leads to the alteration of lipid droplet content in tumor cells. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, the enzymes that catalyze the final step of triglyceride synthesis, participate in the formation of lipid droplets in tumor cells and in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, chemoresistance, and prognosis in tumor. Several diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitors have been developed over the past decade and have shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical tumor models and improvement of metabolism in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight key features of fatty acid metabolism and different paradigms of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 activities on cell proliferation, migration, chemoresistance, and prognosis in tumor, with the hope that these scientific findings will have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boer Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao L, Cheng J, Xu D, Yang X, Liu J, He L, Chen Z, Gong P, Zhang X. Polymorphisms of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes and their association with feed efficiency in Hu sheep. Gene 2024; 897:148072. [PMID: 38081333 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Feed cost accounts for a high proportion of sheep production, and improving sheep's utilization of feed will reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression characteristics of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes and the relationship between their polymorphisms and feed efficiency traits in Hu sheep, and to find molecular Genetic marker that can be used in breeding. The expression levels of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes in various tissues were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes were widely expressed in heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, rumen, duodenum, muscle, lymph, and tail fat. The PLIN1 gene had the highest expression level in in the tail fat compared to the other nine tissues. The expression levels of MOGAT1 gene in liver, tail fat, lung and heart was significantly higher than in kidney, muscle and lymph. The expression level of MOGAT1 was lowest in muscle compared to the other tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, rumen and tail fat). We recorded the body weight (BW80 and BW180) and feed intake (FI) information of 985 male Hu sheep at 80 and 180 days of age, and calculated the daily average feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion rate (FCR) from 80 to 180 days of age. Two intronic mutations, g.18517910 A > G and g.224856118 G > C, were identified in PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. MassARRAY ® SNP detection technology was used to genotype the DNA of 985 Hu sheep and analyze its association with feed efficiency traits. The results showed that the SNP g.18517910 A > G was significantly associated with BW80, BW180, FI, ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05), while SNP g.2248561118 G > C was significantly associated with FCR (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, significant differences were also observed in different combinations of genotypes (P < 0.05). Therefore, these two polymorphic loci can serve as candidate molecular markers for improving feed utilization efficiency in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Lijuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhanyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830057, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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8
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Zammit VA, Park SO. In Vivo Monitoring of Glycerolipid Metabolism in Animal Nutrition Biomodel-Fed Smart-Farm Eggs. Foods 2024; 13:722. [PMID: 38472835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have examined the biochemical metabolic pathways by which an egg (egg yolk) lowers blood lipid levels, data on the molecular biological mechanisms that regulate and induce the partitioning of hepatic glycerolipids are missing. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo monitoring in four study groups using an animal nutrition biomodel fitted with a jugular-vein cannula after egg yolk intake: CON (control group, oral administration of 1.0 g of saline), T1 (oral administration of 1.0 g of pork belly fat), T2 (oral administration of 1.0 g of smart-farm egg yolk), and T3 (oral administration of T1 and T2 alternately every week). The eggs induced significant and reciprocal changes in incorporating 14C lipids into the total glycerolipids and releasing 14CO2, thereby regulating esterification and accelerating oxidation in vivo. The eggs increased phospholipid secretion from the liver into the blood and decreased triacylglycerol secretion by regulating the multiple cleavage of fatty acyl-CoA moieties' fluxes. In conclusion, the results of the current study reveal the novel fact that eggs can lower blood lipids by lowering triacylglycerol secretion in the biochemical metabolic pathway of hepatic glycerolipid partitioning while simultaneously increasing phospholipid secretion and 14CO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Zammit
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sang O Park
- Institute of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea
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Koike N, Umemura Y, Inokawa H, Tokuda I, Tsuchiya Y, Sasawaki Y, Umemura A, Masuzawa N, Yabumoto K, Seya T, Sugimoto A, Yoo SH, Chen Z, Yagita K. Inter-individual variations in circadian misalignment-induced NAFLD pathophysiology in mice. iScience 2024; 27:108934. [PMID: 38533453 PMCID: PMC10964262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological consequences of circadian misalignment, such as shift work, show considerable individual differences, but the lack of mechanistic understanding hinders precision prevention to prevent and mitigate disease symptoms. Here, we employed an integrative approach involving physiological, transcriptional, and histological phenotypes to examine inter-individual differences in pre-symptomatic pathological progression, preceding irreversible disease onset, in wild-type mice exposed to chronic jet-lag (CJL). We observed that CJL markedly increased the prevalence of hepatic steatosis with pronounced inter-individual differences. Stratification of individual mice based on CJL-induced hepatic transcriptomic signature, validated by histopathological analysis, pinpoints dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Moreover, the period and power of intrinsic behavioral rhythms were found to significantly correlate with CJL-induced gene signatures. Together, our results suggest circadian rhythm robustness of the animals contributes to inter-individual variations in pathogenesis of circadian misalignment-induced diseases and raise the possibility that these physiological indicators may be available for predictive hallmarks of circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Gakuen University, Okayama 701-0197, Japan
| | - Isao Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuh Sasawaki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoko Masuzawa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu 520-0804, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yabumoto
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Seya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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10
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Yadav N, Paul AT. Pancreatic lipase and its related proteins: where are we now? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103855. [PMID: 38081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions, with a worrisome upward trend. The high consumption of lipids, a major energy source, leads to obesity because of their high calorific value. Pancreatic lipase (PTL), produced by pancreatic acinar cells, hydrolyzes 50-70% of triacylglycerol (TAG) from food. PTL-related protein 1 (PLRP1) and 2 (PLRP2) are also produced by these cells. In vertebrates, PLRP1 has relatively less lipolytic activity, whereas PLRP2 has an essential role in lipid digestion, especially in infants. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of PTL, PLRP1, and PLRP2, and the metabolic fate of PTL inhibitors. We also discuss the current status of clinical trials on orlistat and its combinations for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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11
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Meng W, Brigance R, Mignone J, Negash L, Zhao G, Ahmad S, Wang W, Moore F, Ye XY, Sun JH, Mathur A, Li YX, Azzara A, Ma Z, Chu CH, Cullen MJ, Rooney S, Harvey S, Kopcho L, Abell L, O'Malley K, Keim W, Dierks EA, Chang S, Foster KA, Harden D, Dabros M, Goti V, De Oliveira C, Krishna G, Pelleymounter MA, Whaley J, Robl JA, Cheng D, Devasthale P. Discovery of 12 (BMS-986172) as a Highly Potent MGAT2 Inhibitor that Achieved Targeted Efficacious Exposures at a Low Human Dose for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13135-13147. [PMID: 37724542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of dihydropyridinone (DHP) compounds was prepared and evaluated for MGAT2 activity. The efforts led to the identification of novel tetrazolones with potent MGAT2 inhibitory activity and favorable in vitro profiles. Further tests of select analogues in mouse models revealed significant reduction in food intake and body weight. Subsequent studies in MGAT2 knockout mice with the lead candidate 12 (BMS-986172) showed on-target- and mechanism-based pharmacology. Moreover, its favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and the lack of species variability in the glucuronidation potential resulted in a greater confidence level in the projection of a low dose for achieving targeted efficacious exposures in humans. Consistent with these projections, PK data from a phase 1 trial confirmed that targeted efficacious exposures could be achieved at a low dose in humans, which supported compound 12 as our second and potentially superior development candidate for the treatment of various metabolic disorders.
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12
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Kwon EB, Moon DO, Oh ES, Song YN, Park JY, Ryu HW, Kim DY, Chin YW, Lee HS, Lee SU, Kim MO. Garcinia mangostana Suppresses Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Hepatocytes and Enterocytes. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37566462 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and pancreatic lipase (PL) activities is important in the treatment of triacylglycerol (TG)-related metabolic diseases. Garcinia mangostana, also known as mangosteen, is a traditional medicine ingredient used in the treatment of inflammation in Southeast Asia. In this study, The ethanolic extract of G. mangostana peel inhibited human recombinant DGAT1 and DGAT2, and PL enzyme activities in vitro. The inhibitory activity of DGAT1 and DGAT2 enzymes of four representative bioactive substances in mangosteen was confirmed. In addition, G. mangostana was confirmed to suppress the serum TG levels in C57 mice by inhibiting the absorption and synthesis of TG in the gastrointestinal tract. Through this study, it was revealed that G. mangostana extract could be useful for the prevention and amelioration of TG-related metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
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13
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Ikeda T, Ishikawa T, Ninagawa S, Okada T, Ono M, Mori K. Proteomic analysis of fatty liver induced by starvation of medaka fish larvae. Cell Struct Funct 2023; 48:123-133. [PMID: 37380437 PMCID: PMC10915113 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) larvae are grown in the absence of exogenous nutrition, the liver becomes dark and positive to Oil Red O staining from 7 days post-hatch (dph). We determined the mechanism of this starvation-induced development of fatty liver by proteomic analysis using livers obtained from larvae grown in the presence or absence of 2% glucose at 5 dph. Results showed that changes in the expression levels of enzymes involved in glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle were modest, whereas the expression levels of enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism or β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly elevated, suggesting that they become major energy sources under starvation conditions. Expression levels of enzymes for the uptake and β-oxidation of fatty acids as well as synthesis of triacylglycerol were elevated, whereas those for the synthesis of cholesterol as well as export of cholesterol and triacylglycerol were decreased under starvation conditions, which explains the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver. Our results provide the basis for future research to understand how gene malfunction(s) affects the development of fatty liver, which can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and then to liver cirrhosis.Key words: amino acid catabolism, β-oxidation, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tokiro Ishikawa
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninagawa
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okada
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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14
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Shao Y, Chen S, Han L, Liu J. Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: updated opportunities based on metabolic intervention. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37415199 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of pharmacotherapeutic strategies approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which results in a higher risk of death related to carcinoma and cardiovascular complications. Of note, it is well established that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is tightly associated with whole metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting interconnected metabolic conditions could present promising benefits to NAFLD, according to a number of clinical studies. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of the development of NAFLD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal metabolism, and provide insight into pharmacological targets. In addition, we present updates on the progresses in the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies based on metabolic intervention globally, which could lead to new opportunities for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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15
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Yang K, Kim HH, Shim YR, Ryu T, Kim CW. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis and meta-analysis identify therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186582. [PMID: 37256235 PMCID: PMC10225598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The continuous rise in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a global health issue. Although the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, against various diseases have been reported, it is still unclear whether NAC has therapeutic potential in NAFLD. Thus, the present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of NAC on NAFLD in preclinical studies. Methods: By searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, 13 studies were included. The methodological quality was assessed based on the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation guideline, and heterogeneity was evaluated with I 2 and p values. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: The results showed that NAC treatment significantly improved systemic and hepatic lipid metabolism (p < 0.01), inflammation-related liver injury (p < 0.01), glucose intolerance (p < 0.05), and hepatic steatosis (p < 0.01) by restoring hepatic glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) and GSH reductase (p < 0.05) levels compared to controls in NAFLD-induced animals. Consistently, in bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics data, the abovementioned target pathways of NAC were strongly associated with NAFLD development in mice and patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that NAC has therapeutic potential for NAFLD and should be considered for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keungmo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Life Science Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wu G, Cheng H, Guo H, Li Z, Li D, Xie Z. Tea polyphenol EGCG ameliorates obesity-related complications by regulating lipidomic pathway in leptin receptor knockout rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109349. [PMID: 37085056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenol EGCG has been widely recognized for antiobesity effects. However, the molecular mechanism of lipidomic pathway related to lipid-lowering effect of EGCG is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of EGCG activated hepatic lipidomic pathways on ameliorating obesity-related complications by using newly developed leptin receptor knockout (Lepr KO) rats. Results showed that EGCG supplementation (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels both in the serum and liver, and significantly improved glucose intolerance. In addition, EGCG alleviated fatty liver development and restored the normal liver function in Lepr KO rats. Liver lipidomic analysis revealed that EGCG dramatically changes overall composition of lipid classes. Notably, EGCG significantly decreased an array of triglycerides (TGs) and diglycerides (DGs) levels. While EGCG increased 31 glycerophospholipid species and 1 sphingolipid species levels, such as phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylserines (PSs) and phosphatidylinositols (PIs) levels in the liver of Lepr KO rats. Moreover, 14 diversely regulated lipid species were identified as potential lipid biomarkers. Mechanistic analysis revealed that EGCG significantly activated the SIRT6/AMPK/SREBP1/FAS pathway to decrease DGs and TGs levels and upregulated glycerophospholipids synthesis pathways to increase glycerophospholipid level in the liver of Lepr KO rats. These findings suggested that the regulation of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipid homeostasis might be the key pathways for EGCG in ameliorating obesity-related complications in Lepr KO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Huijun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Center for Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
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17
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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18
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Dou X, Chen K, Brown MR, Strand MR. Multiple endocrine factors regulate nutrient mobilization and storage in Aedes aegypti during a gonadotrophic cycle. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:425-442. [PMID: 36056560 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anautogenous mosquitoes must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Each gonadotrophic cycle is subdivided into a sugar-feeding previtellogenic phase that produces primary follicles and a blood meal-activated vitellogenic phase in which large numbers of eggs synchronously mature and are laid. Multiple endocrine factors including juvenile hormone (JH), insulin-like peptides (ILPs), ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) coordinate each gonadotrophic cycle. Egg formation also requires nutrients from feeding that are stored in the fat body. Regulation of egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti but the role different endocrine factors play in regulating nutrient mobilization and storage remains unclear. In this study, we report that adult female Ae. aegypti maintained triacylglycerol (TAG) stores during the previtellogenic phase of the first gonadotrophic cycle while glycogen stores declined. In contrast, TAG and glycogen stores were rapidly mobilized during the vitellogenic phase and then replenishment. Several genes encoding enzymes with functions in TAG and glycogen metabolism were differentially expressed in the fat body, which suggested regulation was mediated in part at the transcriptional level. Gain of function assays indicated that stored nutrients were primarily mobilized by adipokinetic hormone (AKH) while juvenoids and OEH regulated replenishment. ILP3 further showed evidence of negatively regulating certain lipolytic enzymes. Loss of function assays indicated AKH depends on the AKH receptor (AKHR) for function. Altogether, our results indicate that the opposing activities of different hormones regulate nutrient stores during a gonadotrophic cycle in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Dou
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Kangkang Chen
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mark R Brown
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
| | - Michael R Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
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19
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Lee I, Stingone JA, Chan RB, Mitsumoto H. Utilizing machine learning and lipidomics to distinguish primary lateral sclerosis from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:306-310. [PMID: 36747323 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS There are currently no imaging or blood diagnostic biomarkers that can differentiate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patients early in their disease courses. Our objective is to examine whether patients with PLS can be differentiated from ALS reliably by using plasma lipidome profile and supervised machine learning. METHODS 40 ALS and 28 PLS patients derived from the Multicenter Cohort study of Oxidative Stress (COSMOS) and 28 healthy control volunteers (CTR) were included. ALS, PLS, and CTR were matched by age and sex. Plasma samples were obtained after overnight fasting. Lipids were extracted from the plasma samples and analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to obtain relative concentrations of 392 lipid species. The lipid data were partitioned into training and testing datasets randomly. An elastic net algorithm was trained using cross-validation to classify PLS vs ALS and PLS vs CTR. Final accuracy was evaluated in the testing dataset. RESULTS The elastic net model trained with labeled PLS and ALS training lipid dataset demonstrated accuracy (number classified correctly/total number), sensitivity, and specificity of 100% in classifying PLS vs ALS in the unlabeled testing lipid dataset. Similarly, the elastic net model trained with labeled PLS and CTR training lipid datasets demonstrated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88% in classifying PLS vs CTR in the unlabeled testing lipid dataset. DISCUSSION Our study suggests PLS patients can be accurately distinguished from ALS and CTR by combining lipidome profile and supervised machine learning without clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikjae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Shen Y, Shen Y, Liu Y, Bai Y, Liang M, Zhang X, Chen Z. Characterization and functional analysis of AhGPAT9 gene involved in lipid synthesis in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144306. [PMID: 36844041 PMCID: PMC9950565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
GPAT enzymes (glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.15) catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step of plant glycerolipid biosynthesis for membrane homeostasis and lipid accumulation, yet little research has been done on peanuts. By reverse genetics and bioinformatics analyses, we have characterized an AhGPAT9 isozyme, of which the homologous product is isolated from cultivated peanut. QRT-PCR assay revealed a spatio-temporal expression pattern that the transcripts of AhGPAT9 accumulating in various peanut tissues are highly expressed during seed development, followed by leaves. Green fluorescent protein tagging of AhGPAT9 confirmed its subcellular accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared with the wild type control, overexpressed AhGPAT9 delayed the bolting stage of transgenic Arabidopsis, reduced the number of siliques, and increased the seed weight as well as seed area, suggesting the possibility of participating in plant growth and development. Meanwhile, the mean seed oil content from five overexpression lines increased by about 18.73%. The two lines with the largest increases in seed oil content showed a decrease in palmitic acid (C16:0) and eicosenic acid (C20:1) by 17.35% and 8.33%, respectively, and an increase in linolenic acid (C18:3) and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3) by 14.91% and 15.94%, respectively. In addition, overexpressed AhGPAT9 had no significant effect on leaf lipid content of transgenic plants. Taken together, these results suggest that AhGPAT9 is critical for the biosynthesis of storage lipids, which contributes to the goal of modifying peanut seeds for improved oil content and fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Man Liang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhide Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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21
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Wang Y, Zeng F, Zhao Z, He L, He X, Pang H, Huang F, Chang P. Transmembrane Protein 68 Functions as an MGAT and DGAT Enzyme for Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032012. [PMID: 36768334 PMCID: PMC9916437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis is an important metabolic process for intracellular storage of surplus energy, intestinal dietary fat absorption, attenuation of lipotoxicity, lipid transportation, lactation and signal transduction in mammals. Transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored acyltransferase family member of unknown function. In the current study we show that overexpression of TMEM68 promotes TG accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation in a conserved active sites-dependent manner. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis showed that diacylglycerol (DG), free fatty acid (FFA) and TG levels were increased by TMEM68 expression. In addition, TMEM68 overexpression affected the levels of several glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as sterol ester contents. TMEM68 exhibited monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities dependent on the conserved active sites in an in vitro assay. The expression of lipogenesis genes, including DGATs, fatty acid synthesis-related genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was upregulated in TMEM68-overexpressing cells. These results together demonstrate for the first time that TMEM68 functions as an acyltransferase and affects lipogenic gene expression, glycerolipid metabolism and TG storage in mammalian cells.
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22
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Molecular Mechanism for Hepatic Glycerolipid Partitioning of n-6/n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in an Obese Animal Biomodels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021576. [PMID: 36675096 PMCID: PMC9864240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway associated with hepatic glycerolipid portioning plays a key role in preventing obesity. In this nutrition metabolism study, we used in vivo monitoring techniques with 40 obese male Sprague-Dawley strain rats attached with jugular-vein cannula after obesity was induced by a high-fat diet to determine the molecular mechanism associated with hepatic glycerolipid partitioning involving the n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (10 animals per group), including one control group (CON, n-6/n-3 of 71:1) and three treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1). They were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Incorporation rates of [14C]-labeling lipid into glycerolipid in the liver were 28.87−37.03% in treatment groups fed with diets containing an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, which were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in the CON (40.01%). However, 14CO2 emission % of absorbed dose showed the opposite trend. It was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in a treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, 30.35−45.08%) than in CON (27.71%). Regarding the metabolic distribution of glycerolipid to blood from livers, phospholipid/total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in CON at 11.04% than in treatment groups at 18.15% to 25.15%. Moreover, 14CO2/[14C]-total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treatment groups at 44.16−78.50% than in CON at 39.50%. Metabolic distribution of fatty acyl moieties flux for oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis in the liver were significantly (p < 0.05) better in order of 4:1 > 15:1 > 30:1 than in the CON. Our data demonstrate that n-6/n-3 of 4:1 could help prevent obesity by controlling the mechanism of hepatic partitioning through oxidation and esterification of glycerolipid in an obese animal biomodel.
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23
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Dotzert MS, McDonald MW, Olver TD, Sammut MJ, Melling CWJ. The influence of exercise training versus intensive insulin therapy on insulin resistance development in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108365. [PMID: 36463707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of insulin resistance (IR) in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is unclear; however, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) are likely contributors. While exercise lessens IR and IMCL content; T1D patients elevate glycemia to offset exercise-induced hypoglycemic risk. The preferred treatment for T1D patients is tight glucose management through intensive insulin therapy (IIT); however, IIT is accompanied with a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to examine IR development and IMCL in combined exercise (DARE; aerobic/resistance) and IIT-treated T1D animals. 76 rats were divided into control sedentary (C), diabetic sedentary (CD), diabetes sedentary intensive insulin therapy (DIT) and DARE groups. Following streptozotocin (STZ), glycemia was maintained at either 9-15 mM (CD, DARE) or 5-9 mM (DIT) using insulin. DARE alternated between running and weighted climbing for 12 weeks. Results demonstrate that DARE exhibited reduced onset of IR compared with C, DIT and CD, indicated by increased glucose infusion rate (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamp). A shift in lipid metabolism was evident whereby diacylglycerol was elevated in DIT compared to DARE, while triacylglycerol was elevated in DARE. These findings indicate enhanced IMCL metabolism and the sequestration of fat as neutral triacylglycerol leads to reduced IR in DARE. In contrast, IIT and sedentary behavior leads to diacylglycerol accumulation and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Dotzert
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew W McDonald
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Sammut
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - C W James Melling
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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24
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Cheng D, Zinker BA, Luo Y, Shipkova P, De Oliveira CH, Krishna G, Brown EA, Boehm SL, Tirucherai GS, Gu H, Ma Z, Chu CH, Onorato JM, Kopcho LM, Ammar R, Smith J, Devasthale P, Lawrence RM, Stryker SA, Dierks EA, Azzara AV, Carayannopoulos L, Charles ED, Lentz KA, Gordon DA. MGAT2 inhibitor decreases liver fibrosis and inflammation in murine NASH models and reduces body weight in human adults with obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1732-1748.e5. [PMID: 36323235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) is an important enzyme highly expressed in the human small intestine and liver for the regulation of triglyceride absorption and homeostasis. We report that treatment with BMS-963272, a potent and selective MGAT2 inhibitor, decreased inflammation and fibrosis in CDAHFD and STAM, two murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models. In high-fat-diet-treated cynomolgus monkeys, in contrast to a selective diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor, BMS-963272 did not cause diarrhea. In a Phase 1 multiple-dose trial of healthy human adults with obesity (NCT04116632), BMS-963272 was safe and well tolerated with no treatment discontinuations due to adverse events. Consistent with the findings in rodent models, BMS-963272 elevated plasma long-chain dicarboxylic acid, indicating robust pharmacodynamic biomarker modulation; increased gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY; and decreased body weight in human subjects. These data suggest MGAT2 inhibition is a promising therapeutic opportunity for NASH, a disease with high unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | - Bradley A Zinker
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Petia Shipkova
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | - Gopal Krishna
- ICF Early Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Brown
- Translational Bioinformatics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Stephanie L Boehm
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | - Huidong Gu
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Zhengping Ma
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuen Chu
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Joelle M Onorato
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Lisa M Kopcho
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Ron Ammar
- Translational Bioinformatics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Julia Smith
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Pratik Devasthale
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - R Michael Lawrence
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Steven A Stryker
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dierks
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Anthony V Azzara
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | - Edgar D Charles
- Global Drug Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Kimberley A Lentz
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - David A Gordon
- Departments of Discovery Biology Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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25
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Zhou Q, Zhang F, Kerbl-Knapp J, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Akhmetshina A, Hörl G, Paar M, Steyrer E, Kratky D, Madl T. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Modulates Metabolic Changes in Aging Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1270. [PMID: 36139111 PMCID: PMC9496051 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, is crucial for various biological functions and is associated with longevity. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is a protein that catalyzes the biosynthesis of PC, the levels of which change in various organs such as the brain and kidneys during aging. However, the role of PEMT for systemic PC supply is not fully understood. To address how PEMT affects aging-associated energy metabolism in tissues responsible for nutrient absorption, lipid storage, and energy consumption, we employed NMR-based metabolomics to study the liver, plasma, intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), brown/white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT), and skeletal muscle of young (9-10 weeks) and old (91-132 weeks) wild-type (WT) and PEMT knockout (KO) mice. We found that the effect of PEMT-knockout was tissue-specific and age-dependent. A deficiency of PEMT affected the metabolome of all tissues examined, among which the metabolome of BAT from both young and aged KO mice was dramatically changed in comparison to the WT mice, whereas the metabolome of the jejunum was only slightly affected. As for aging, the absence of PEMT increased the divergence of the metabolome during the aging of the liver, WAT, duodenum, and ileum and decreased the impact on skeletal muscle. Overall, our results suggest that PEMT plays a previously underexplored, critical role in both aging and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Zhou
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Burchat N, Akal T, Ntambi JM, Trivedi N, Suresh R, Sampath H. SCD1 is nutritionally and spatially regulated in the intestine and influences systemic postprandial lipid homeostasis and gut-liver crosstalk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159195. [PMID: 35718096 PMCID: PMC11287785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane resident protein that inserts a double bond into saturated fatty acids, converting them into their monounsaturated counterparts. Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for SCD1 in modulating tissue and systemic health. Specifically, lack of hepatic or cutaneous SCD1 results in significant reductions in tissue esterified lipids. While the intestine is an important site of lipid esterification and assimilation into the body, the regulation of intestinal SCD1 or its impact on lipid composition in the intestine and other tissues has not been investigated. Here we report that unlike other lipogenic enzymes, SCD1 is enriched in the distal small intestine and in the colon of chow-fed mice and is robustly upregulated by acute refeeding of a high-sucrose diet. We generated a mouse model lacking SCD1 specifically in the intestine (iKO mice). These mice have significant reductions not only in intestinal lipids, but also in plasma triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol. Additionally, hepatic accumulation of diacylglycerols is significantly reduced in iKO mice. Comprehensive targeted lipidomic profiling revealed a consistent reduction in the myristoleic (14:1) to myristic (14:0) acid ratios in intestine, liver, and plasma of iKO mice. Consistent with the reduction of the monounsaturated fatty acid myristoleic acid in hepatic lipids of chow fed iKO mice, hepatic expression of Pgc-1α, Sirt1, and related fatty acid oxidation genes were reduced in chow-fed iKO mice. Further, lack of intestinal SCD1 reduced expression of de novo lipogenic genes in distal intestine of chow-fed mice and in the livers of mice fed a lipogenic high-sucrose diet. Taken together, these studies reveal a novel pattern of expression of SCD1 in the intestine. They also demonstrate that intestinal SCD1 modulates lipid content and composition of not only intestinal tissues, but also that of plasma and liver. Further, these data point to intestinal SCD1 as a modulator of gut-liver crosstalk, potentially through the production of novel signaling lipids such as myristoleic acid. These data have important implications to understanding how intestinal SCD1 may modulate risk for post-prandial lipemia, hepatic steatosis, and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burchat
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, United States of America
| | - Tasleenpal Akal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, United States of America
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| | - Nirali Trivedi
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, United States of America
| | - Ranjita Suresh
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, United States of America
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, United States of America; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, United States of America.
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27
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Ghanem M, Lewis GF, Xiao C. Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159197. [PMID: 35820577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murooj Ghanem
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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28
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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29
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Large Yellow Tea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Suppressing Lipogenesis through SIRT6/SREBP1 Pathway and Modulating Microbiota in Leptin Receptor Knockout Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111638. [PMID: 35681388 PMCID: PMC9180543 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic metabolic disorder that has turned into a severe health problem worldwide. A previous study reported that large yellow tea exhibited better anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects than green tea. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the prevention effects and mechanisms of large yellow tea water extract (LWE) on metabolic syndrome using leptin receptor knockout (Lepr−/−) rats. Seven-week-old male Lepr−/− and wild type (WT) littermate rats were divided into Lepr−/− control group (KO) (n = 5), Lepr−/− with LWE-treated group (KL) (n = 5), WT control group (WT) (n = 6), and WT with LWE intervention group (WL) (n = 6). Then, the rats were administered water or LWE (700 mg/kg BW) daily by oral gavage for 24 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the administration of LWE significantly reduced the serum concentrations of random blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids, and increased glucose tolerance in Lepr−/− rats. Moreover, LWE remarkably reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and alleviated fatty liver formation in Lepr−/− rats. A mechanistic study showed that LWE obviously activated SIRT6 and decreased the expression of key lipogenesis-related molecules SREBP1, FAS, and DGAT1 in the livers of Lepr−/− rats. Furthermore, LWE significantly improved microbiota dysbiosis via an increase in gut microbiota diversity and an abundance of the microbiota that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, Intestinimonas, and Alistipes. Finally, LWE supplementation increased the concentrations of SCFAs in the feces of Lepr−/− rats. These results revealed that LWE attenuated metabolic syndrome of Lepr−/− rats via the reduction of hepatic lipid synthesis through the SIRT6/SREBP1 pathway and the modulation of gut microbiota.
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30
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Pei Y, Song Y, Wang B, Lin C, Yang Y, Li H, Feng Z. Integrated lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis reveal novel changes during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13417. [PMID: 35529487 PMCID: PMC9074861 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After adipogenic differentiation, key regulators of adipogenesis are stimulated and cells begin to accumulate lipids. To identify specific changes in lipid composition and gene expression patterns during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis, we carried out lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis of undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The analysis revealed significant changes in lipid content and gene expression patterns during adipogenesis. Slc2a4 was up-regulated, which may enhance glucose transport; Gpat3, Agpat2, Lipin1 and Dgat were also up-regulated, potentially to enrich intracellular triacylglycerol (TG). Increased expression levels of Pnpla2, Lipe, Acsl1 and Lpl likely increase intracellular free fatty acids, which can then be used for subsequent synthesis of other lipids, such as sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer). Enriched intracellular diacylglycerol (DG) can also provide more raw materials for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ether-PE, and ether-PC, whereas high expression of Pla3 may enhance the formation of lysophophatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). Therefore, in the process of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, a series of genes are activated, resulting in large changes in the contents of various lipid metabolites in the cells, especially TG, DG, SM, Cer, PI, PC, PE, etherPE, etherPC, LPC and LPE. These findings provide a theoretical basis for our understanding the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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31
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Zhang J, Nie J, Sun H, Li J, Andersen JP, Shi Y. De novo labeling and trafficking of individual lipid species in live cells. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101511. [PMID: 35504533 PMCID: PMC9114690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipids exert dynamic biological functions which are determined both by their fatty acyl compositions and spatiotemporal distributions inside the cell. However, it remains a daunting task to investigate any of these features for each of the more than 1000 lipid species due to a lack of a universal labeling method for individual lipid moieties in live cells. Here we report a de novo lipid labeling method for individual lipid species with precise acyl compositions in live cells. The method is based on the principle of de novo lipid remodeling of exogenously added lysolipids with fluorescent acyl-CoA, leading to the re-synthesis of fluorescence-labeled lipids which can be imaged by confocal microscopy. METHODS The cells were incubated with lysolipids and a nitro-benzoxadiazolyl (NBD) labeled acyl-CoA. The newly remodeled NBD-labeled lipids and their subcellular localization were analyzed by confocal imaging in live cells. Thin layer chromatography was carried out to verify the synthesis of NBD-labeled lipids. The mitochondrial trafficking of NBD-labeled lipids was validated in live cells with targeted deletion of phospholipids transporters, including TRIAP1/PRELI protein complex and StarD7. RESULTS Incubation cells with lysolipids and NBD-acyl-CoA successfully labeled major lipid species with precise acyl compositions, including phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and neutral lipids, which can be analyzed by confocal imaging in live cells. In contrast to exogenously labeled lipids, the de novo labeled lipids retained full biological properties of their endogenous counterparts, including subcellular localization, trafficking, and recognition by lipid transporters. This method also uncovered some unexpected features of newly remodeled lipids and their transporters. CONCLUSIONS The de novo lipid labeling method not only provides a powerful tool for functional analysis of individual lipid species and lipid transporters, but also calls for re-evaluation of previously published results using exogenously labeled lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,Perenna Pharmceuticals Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, Ste 100, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - John-Paul Andersen
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Quach T, Hu L, Han S, Lim SF, Senyschyn D, Yadav P, Trevaskis NL, Simpson JS, Porter CJH. Triglyceride-Mimetic Prodrugs of Buprenorphine Enhance Oral Bioavailability via Promotion of Lymphatic Transport. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879660. [PMID: 35496278 PMCID: PMC9039622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Buprenorphine (BUP) is a potent opioid analgesic that is widely used for severe pain management and opioid replacement therapy. The oral bioavailability of BUP, however, is significantly limited by first-pass metabolism. Previous studies have shown that triglyceride (TG) mimetic prodrugs of the steroid hormone testosterone circumvent first-pass metabolism by directing drug transport through the intestinal lymphatics, bypassing the liver. The current study expanded this prodrug strategy to BUP. Here different self-immolative (SI) linkers were evaluated to conjugate BUP to the 2 position of the TG backbone via the phenol group on BUP. The SI linkers were designed to promote drug release in plasma. Lipolysis of the prodrug in the intestinal tract was examined via incubation with simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and potential for parent drug liberation in the systemic circulation was evaluated via incubation in rat plasma. Lymphatic transport and bioavailability studies were subsequently conducted in mesenteric lymph duct or carotid artery-cannulated rats, respectively. TG prodrug derivatives were efficiently transported into the lymphatics (up to 45% of the dose in anaesthetised rats, vs. less than 0.1% for BUP). Incorporation of the SI linkers facilitated BUP release from the prodrugs in the plasma and in concert with high lymphatic transport led to a marked enhancement in oral bioavailability (up to 22-fold) compared to BUP alone. These data suggest the potential to develop an orally bioavailable BUP product which may have advantages with respect to patient preference when compared to current sublingual, transdermal patch or parenteral formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Quach
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luojuan Hu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sifei Han, ; Christopher J. H. Porter,
| | - Shea F. Lim
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Senyschyn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie S. Simpson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sifei Han, ; Christopher J. H. Porter,
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DeVito LM, Dennis EA, Kahn BB, Shulman GI, Witztum JL, Sadhu S, Nickels J, Spite M, Smyth S, Spiegel S. Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:87-106. [PMID: 35218041 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shed light on the cellular and molecular functions of bioactive lipids that go far beyond what was known about their role as dietary lipids. Bioactive lipids regulate inflammation and its resolution as signaling molecules. Genetic studies have identified key factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome through their effects on lipogenesis. Lipid scientists have explored how these signaling pathways affect lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages by utilizing a variety of techniques in both humans and animal models, including novel lipidomics approaches and molecular dynamics models. Dissecting out these lipid pathways can help identify mechanisms that can be targeted to prevent or treat cardiometabolic conditions. Continued investigation of the multitude of functions mediated by bioactive lipids may reveal additional components of these pathways that can provide a greater understanding of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara B Kahn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Nickels
- Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton Township, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Spite
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Smyth
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Zhou YG, Yin RX, Huang F, Wu JZ, Chen WX, Cao XL. DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and Gene-Environment Interactions on Serum Lipid Profiles and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:685970. [PMID: 34901200 PMCID: PMC8654148 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.685970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke (IS) is still not well-understood. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASes) found that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 gene (DGAT2) and monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MOGAT2) cluster were associated with serum lipid levels. However, the association between the DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and serum lipid phenotypes has not yet been verified in the Chinese people. Therefore, the present study was to determine the DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and gene-environment interactions on serum lipid profiles and the risk of IS. Methods: Genotyping of 5 SNPs (DGAT2 rs11236530, DGAT2 rs3060, MOGAT2 rs600626, MOGAT2 rs609379, and MOGAT2 rs10899104) in 544 IS patients and 561 healthy controls was performed by the next-generation sequencing technologies. The association between genotypes and serum lipid data was determined by analysis of covariance, and a corrected P-value was adopted after Bonferroni correction. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between genotypes and the risk of IS after adjustment of potential confounders. Results: The rs11236530A allele was associated with increased risk of IS (CA/AA vs. CC, OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.12-1.88, P = 0.0044), whereas the rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G haplotype was associated with decreased risk of IS (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.93, P = 0.018). The rs11236530A allele carriers had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations than the rs11236530A allele non-carriers (P < 0.001). The interactions of rs11236530-smoking, rs3060-smoking and rs10899104-smoking influenced serum apolipoprotein B levels, whereas the interactions of rs11236530- and rs3060-alcohol affected serum HDL-C levels (P I < 0.004-0.001). The interaction of rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G-alcohol (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22-0.76) and rs600626G-rs609379C-rs10899104T-alcohol (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04-0.36) decreased the risk of IS (P I < 0.0001). Conclusions: The rs11236530A allele was associated with decreased serum HDL-C levels in controls and increased risk of IS in patient group. The rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G haplotype, the rs600626G-rs 609379A-rs10899104G-alcohol and rs600626G-rs609379C-rs10899104T-alcohol interactions were associated with decreased risk of IS. The rs11236530 SNP may be a genetic marker for IS in our study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wu-Xian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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35
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Tang XH, Melis M, Lu C, Rappa A, Zhang T, Jessurun J, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. A retinoic acid receptor β2 agonist attenuates transcriptome and metabolome changes underlying nonalcohol-associated fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101331. [PMID: 34688661 PMCID: PMC8626588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcohol-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic accumulation of fat that can progress to steatohepatitis, and currently, therapeutic options are limited. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NAFLD, we determined the effects of the synthetic retinoid, AC261066, a selective retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) agonist, on the global liver transcriptomes and metabolomes of mice with dietary-induced obesity (DIO) using genome-wide RNA-seq and untargeted metabolomics. We found that AC261066 limits mRNA increases in several presumptive NAFLD driver genes, including Pklr, Fasn, Thrsp, and Chchd6. Importantly, AC261066 limits the increases in the transcript and protein levels of KHK, a key enzyme for fructose metabolism, and causes multiple changes in liver metabolites involved in fructose metabolism. In addition, in cultured murine hepatocytes, where exposure to fructose and palmitate results in a profound increase in lipid accumulation, AC261066 limits this lipid accumulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that in a human hepatocyte cell line, RARβ is required for the inhibitory effects of AC261066 on palmitate-induced lipid accumulation. Finally, our data indicate that AC261066 inhibits molecular events underpinning fibrosis and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, changes in the transcriptome and metabolome indicate that AC261066 affects molecular changes underlying multiple aspects of NAFLD, including steatosis and fibrosis. Therefore, we suggest that AC261066 may have potential as an effective therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Rappa
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
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36
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Li M, Zhu M, Chai W, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu B, Cai C, Song Y, Sun X, Xue P, Wang C. Determination of the Heterogeneity of Intramuscular Fat and Visceral Adipose Tissue From Dezhou Donkey by Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Profiling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:746684. [PMID: 34651009 PMCID: PMC8505748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are both lipids, but have significantly different deposition processes. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of lipid molecular characteristics and mechanisms is unclear. Accordingly, this study used non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics to analyze the lipid profiles and metabolism of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and VAT from donkeys. A total of 1,146 and 1,134 lipids belonging to 18 subclasses were identified in LDM and VAT, respectively, with LDM having higher glycerophospholipid (GP) and lower glycerolipid (GL) contents. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were distributed preferentially at the sn-1 positions in triglycerides (TGs), and sn-2 positions in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The percentage PUFA content in TGs was significantly lower in LDM than in VAT, while the opposite trend was observed for PUFAs in PC and PE. A total of 110 different lipid molecules (72 downregulated and 38 upregulated) were identified in LDM compared with VAT, of which 11 were considered potential lipid markers. These different lipids were involved in 17 metabolic pathways, including GL and GP metabolisms. Of the 578 differentially expressed genes screened, 311 were downregulated and 267 were upregulated in LDM compared with VAT. Enriched ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes mainly involved sphingolipid signaling pathways, and GP, GL, and sphingolipid metabolisms. Overall, lipidomics and transcriptomics indicated differences in lipid profiles and metabolism in LDM and VAT, providing new perspectives for the study of heterogeneity in IMF and VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yinghua Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoxiu Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changyun Cai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yingzi Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Turdi H, Chao H, Hangeland JJ, Ahmad S, Meng W, Brigance R, Zhao G, Wang W, Moore F, Ye XY, Mathur A, Hou X, Kempson J, Wu DR, Li YX, Azzara AV, Ma Z, Chu CH, Chen L, Cullen MJ, Rooney S, Harvey S, Kopcho L, Panemangelor R, Abell L, O'Malley K, Keim WJ, Dierks E, Chang S, Foster K, Apedo A, Harden D, Dabros M, Gao Q, Pelleymounter MA, Whaley JM, Robl JA, Cheng D, Lawrence RM, Devasthale P. Screening Hit to Clinical Candidate: Discovery of BMS-963272, a Potent, Selective MGAT2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14773-14792. [PMID: 34613725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MGAT2 inhibition is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders. High-throughput screening of the BMS internal compound collection identified the aryl dihydropyridinone compound 1 (hMGAT2 IC50 = 175 nM) as a hit. Compound 1 had moderate potency against human MGAT2, was inactive vs mouse MGAT2 and had poor microsomal metabolic stability. A novel chemistry route was developed to synthesize aryl dihydropyridinone analogs to explore structure-activity relationship around this hit, leading to the discovery of potent and selective MGAT2 inhibitors 21f, 21s, and 28e that are stable to liver microsomal metabolism. After triaging out 21f due to its inferior in vivo potency, pharmacokinetics, and structure-based liabilities and tetrazole 28e due to its inferior channel liability profile, 21s (BMS-963272) was selected as the clinical candidate following demonstration of on-target weight loss efficacy in the diet-induced obese mouse model and an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in multiple preclinical species.
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38
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Zhang E, Zhao Y, Hu H. Impact of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:736-748. [PMID: 34027265 PMCID: PMC8122372 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), a type of membrane protein highly expressed in the kidney, can regulate plasma glucose through the glomerular filtration process by reabsorption from the kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors, which are newly developed oral antidiabetic drugs, can play a role in liver diseases by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption and inducing glycosuria. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease, resulting in severe liver dysfunction. During the progression of NAFLD, there are some hallmark complications, including lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation induction, and hepatocyte death. Herein, we review several SGLT2 inhibitors that are capable of protecting individuals with NAFLD from severe complications by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, oxidative responses, inflammation induction, and hepatocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Transformation Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyWestlake UniversityShilongshanHangzhouChina.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouChina.,Cardiovascular DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Filali-Mouncef Y, Hunter C, Roccio F, Zagkou S, Dupont N, Primard C, Proikas-Cezanne T, Reggiori F. The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease. Autophagy 2021; 18:50-72. [PMID: 33794741 PMCID: PMC8865253 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1895658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagic pathways cross with lipid homeostasis and thus provide energy and essential building blocks that are indispensable for liver functions. Energy deficiencies are compensated by breaking down lipid droplets (LDs), intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, in part by a selective type of autophagy, referred to as lipophagy. The process of lipophagy does not appear to be properly regulated in fatty liver diseases (FLDs), an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here we provide an overview on our current knowledge of the biogenesis and functions of LDs, and the mechanisms underlying their lysosomal turnover by autophagic processes. This review also focuses on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a specific type of FLD characterized by steatosis, chronic inflammation and cell death. Particular attention is paid to the role of macroautophagy and macrolipophagy in relation to the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver in NASH, as this disease has been associated with inappropriate lipophagy in various cell types of the liver.Abbreviations: ACAT: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; ACAC/ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; AUP1: AUP1 lipid droplet regulating VLDL assembly factor; BECN1/Vps30/Atg6: beclin 1; BSCL2/seipin: BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREB1/CREB: cAMP responsive element binding protein 1; CXCR3: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; DAGs: diacylglycerols; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DGAT: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; EHBP1/NACSIN (EH domain binding protein 1); EHD2/PAST2: EH domain containing 2; CoA: coenzyme A; CCL/chemokines: chemokine ligands; CCl4: carbon tetrachloride; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; FA: fatty acid; FFAs: free fatty acids; FFC: high saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; FITM/FIT: fat storage inducing transmembrane protein; FLD: fatty liver diseases; FOXO: forkhead box O; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GPAT: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HECT: homologous to E6-AP C-terminus; HFCD: high fat, choline deficient; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; ITCH/AIP4: itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; KCs: Kupffer cells; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LDs: lipid droplets; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LEP/OB: leptin; LEPR/OBR: leptin receptor; LIPA/LAL: lipase A, lysosomal acid type; LIPE/HSL: lipase E, hormone sensitive type; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAGs: monoacylglycerols; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCD: methionine-choline deficient; MGLL/MGL: monoglyceride lipase; MLXIPL/ChREBP: MLX interacting protein like; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAS: NAFLD activity score; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NPC: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter; NR1H3/LXRα: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; NR1H4/FXR: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4; PDGF: platelet derived growth factor; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PLIN: perilipin; PNPLA: patatin like phospholipase domain containing; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; PNPLA3/adiponutrin: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARD/PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PPARGC1A/PGC1α: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKAA/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SE: sterol esters; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SPART/SPG20: spartin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1/SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB1/TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBE2G2/UBC7: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2; ULK1/Atg1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USF1: upstream transcription factor 1; VLDL: very-low density lipoprotein; VPS: vacuolar protein sorting; WIPI: WD-repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WDR: WD repeat domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Filali-Mouncef
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Hunter
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Federica Roccio
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stavroula Zagkou
- Adjuvatis, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Peng B, Luo T, Chen F, Wang M, Zheng LF, Li J, Deng ZY. Medium- and long-chain triglycerides attenuate lipid accumulation and regulate the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism in oleic acid-induced lipid deposition in human hepatic LO2 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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41
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Huang JS, Guo BB, Wang GH, Zeng LM, Hu YH, Wang T, Wang HY. DGAT1 inhibitors protect pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:264-271. [PMID: 32737468 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that prolonged exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA), especially saturated fatty acids, could lead to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, which plays an important role in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis, has been reported as a novel target for the treatment of multiple metabolic diseases. In this study we evaluated the potential beneficial effects of DGAT1 inhibitors on pancreatic β-cells, and further verified their antidiabetic effects in db/db mice. We showed that DGAT1 inhibitors (4a and LCQ908) at the concentration of 1 μM significantly ameliorated palmitic acid (PA)-induced apoptosis in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells and primary cultured mouse islets; oral administration of a DGAT1 inhibitor (4a) (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly reduced the apoptosis of pancreatic islets in db/db mice. Meanwhile, 4a administration significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and TG levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in db/db mice. Furthermore, we revealed that pretreatment with 4a (1 μM) significantly alleviated PA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and proinflammatory responses in MIN6 cells, which might contribute to the protective effects of DGAT1 inhibitors on pancreatic β-cells. These findings provided a better understanding of the antidiabetic effects of DGAT1 inhibitors.
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42
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Mahat B, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. Effects of different oxygen tensions on differentiated human preadipocytes lipid storage and mobilisation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:37-43. [PMID: 31055955 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1609995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion has been suggested to impair oxygen (O2) diffusion in the adipose tissue and cause hypoxia. This study aimed at characterising the effects of hypoxia on adipocyte lipid storage and mobilisation functions. Human preadipocytes were exposed to different O2 tensions (3, 10 and 21%) either acutely for 24 h after differentiation (acute exposure) or during differentiation (14d, chronic hypoxia). Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased dose-dependently by both acute and chronic hypoxia (p < .05). Acute exposure to 3, and 10% O2 stimulated the expression of lipid storage gene, while chronic exposure to 3% O2 inhibited the expression of genes involved in lipid storage and mobilisation (p < .05). Acute hypoxia dose-dependently stimulated basal lipolysis. Conversely, chronic hypoxia did not affect basal lipolysis but significantly decreased isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (p < .05). In conclusion, the effects of hypoxia on human adipocyte lipid storage and mobilisation functions are complex but could favour ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimit Mahat
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Institut du savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Canada
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43
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Abasht B, Papah MB, Qiu J. Evidence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in Wooden Breast disorder in chickens: Insights through gene expression analysis, ultra-structural evaluation and supervised machine learning methods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243983. [PMID: 33395447 PMCID: PMC7781381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several gene expression studies have been previously conducted to characterize molecular basis of Wooden Breast myopathy in commercial broiler chickens. These studies have generally used a limited sample size and relied on a binary disease outcome (unaffected or affected by Wooden Breast), which are appropriate for an initial investigation. However, to identify biomarkers of disease severity and development, it is necessary to use a large number of samples with a varying degree of disease severity. Therefore, in this study, we assayed a relatively large number of samples (n = 96) harvested from the pectoralis major muscle of unaffected (U), partially affected (P) and markedly affected (A) chickens. Gene expression analysis was conducted using the nCounter MAX Analysis System and data were analyzed using four different supervised machine-learning methods, including support vector machines (SVM), random forests (RF), elastic net logistic regression (ENET) and Lasso logistic regression (LASSO). The SVM method achieved the highest prediction accuracy for both three-class (U, P and A) and two-class (U and P+A) classifications with 94% prediction accuracy for two-class classification and 85% for three-class classification. The results also identified biomarkers of Wooden Breast severity and development. Additionally, gene expression analysis and ultrastructural evaluations provided evidence of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in the early pathogenesis of Wooden Breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
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Huang JS, Guo BB, Lin FF, Zeng LM, Wang T, Dang XY, Yang Y, Hu YH, Liu J, Wang HY. A novel low systemic diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor, Yhhu2407, improves lipid metabolism. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105683. [PMID: 33347980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism by catalyzing the committed step in triglyceride (TG) synthesis and has been considered as a potential therapeutic target of multiple metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we report a novel DGAT1 inhibitor, Yhhu2407, which showed a stronger DGAT1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 18.24 ± 4.72 nM) than LCQ908 (IC50 = 78.24 ± 8.16 nM) in an enzymatic assay and led to a significant reduction in plasma TG after an acute lipid challenge in mice. Pharmacokinetic studies illustrated that Yhhu2407 displayed a low systemic, liver- and intestine-targeted distribution pattern, which is consistent with the preferential tissue expression pattern of DGAT1 and therefore might help to maximize the beneficial pharmacological effects and prevent the occurrence of side effects. Cell-based investigations demonstrated that Yhhu2407 inhibited free fatty acid (FFA)-induced TG accumulation and apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-100 secretion in HepG2 cells. In vivo study also disclosed that Yhhu2407 exerted a beneficial effect on regulating plasma TG and lipoprotein levels in rats, and effectively ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia in hamsters. In conclusion, we identified Yhhu2407 as a novel DGAT1 inhibitor with potent efficacy on improving lipid metabolism in rats and HFD-fed hamsters without causing obvious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Bin Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei-Fei Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Min Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Dang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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45
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Shi F, Zi Y, Lu Z, Li F, Yang M, Zhan F, Li Y, Li J, Zhao L, Lin L, Qin Z. Bacillus subtilis H2 modulates immune response, fat metabolism and bacterial flora in the gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:8-20. [PMID: 32717323 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional ingredients such as Bacillus subtilis are used in aquaculture to improve fish condition, modulate microbiota and promote a healthy intestinal system. However, the underlying mechanisms of grass carp treated with B. subtilis are not fully characterized. This study investigated the gut microbes of grass carp after treated with B. subtilis H2 (106 CFU/mL) and Aeromonas hydrophila (106 CFU/mL). The intestinal flora was found that the dominant bacterial phyla identified in all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in B. subtilis group were significantly increased. In addition, the relative abundances of Aeromonas and Shewanella in A. hydrophila group were more than the control group. For the intestinal transcriptomic profiling of the grass carp treated with B. subtilis H2, 824 different expressed genes (DEGs) between the B. subtilis H2 treated and non-treated groups were detected, including 365 up-regulated and 459 down-regulated genes. Six DEGs were randomly selected for further validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Additionally, eight immunomodulatory genes (IL-4, IL-11, IFN-α, CSF, FOSB, MAPK12b, IGHV3-11 and IGHV3-21) were significantly up-regulated after treated with B. subtilis H2. Furthermore, almost all the lipid metabolism-associated genes were significantly up-regulated after treated with B. subtilis H2 according to the lipid metabolism pathways. Eleven lipid metabolism-associated genes were selected by qRT-PCR, which showed that the expressions of almost all the selected genes were increased, especially Apob-48, ABCG8 and DGAT. Taken together, our results support that B. subtilis could modulate the immune response, fat metabolism and bacterial assembly in the gut of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yingjuan Zi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Fanbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
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46
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Genetic effects of MOGAT1 gene SNP in growth traits of Chinese cattle. Gene 2020; 769:145201. [PMID: 33035617 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has recently become one of the ideal genetic markers. SNP refers to the DNA sequence polymorphism caused by double nucleotide variation in the genome, including the conversion or transversion of segmented bases. The synthesis and metabolism of triglycerides are related to the changes of energy in the body of livestock, which in turn affects their growth and development. Studies have shown that MOGAT1 gene plays a role in the route of triglyceride synthesis. PCR-RFLP and agarose gel electrophoresis technology were used to type the SNP site of MOGAT1 gene at g.25940T > C in this study. Association analysis between typing results and growth trait data was detected by SPSS 20.0 software. Results show that MOGAT1 gene was in a low level of heterozygosity in Xianan, Qinchuan and Pinan cattle population (0 < PIC < 0.25), and in middle level of heterozygosity in YL cattle population(0.25 < PIC < 0.5). And genotype 'AA' was dominant gene in Chinese cattle population. In QC and XN cattle, genotype of GG possess advantage on Body weight (P < 0.05); in YL cattle, individuals with genotype of homozygous mutation decreased significantly on Chest depth (P < 0.05). The purpose of this research is to provide theoretical materials for molecular breeding of yellow cattle and to promote the process of improving the growth traits of Chinese local yellow cattle.
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Perng W, Francis EC, Smith HA, Carey J, Wang D, Kechris KM, Dabelea D. Sex-Specific Metabolite Biomarkers of NAFLD in Youth: A Prospective Study in the EPOCH Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5873863. [PMID: 32687159 PMCID: PMC7418446 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed nations. There are currently no accurate biomarkers of NAFLD risk in youth. OBJECTIVE Identify sex-specific metabolomics biomarkers of NAFLD in a healthy cohort of youth. DESIGN/SETTING This prospective study included 395 participants of the EPOCH cohort in Colorado, who were recruited 2006-2009 ("T1 visit") and followed for 5 years ("T2 visit"). We entered 767 metabolites measured at T1 into a reduced rank regression model to identify the strongest determinants of hepatic fat fraction (HFF) at T2, separately for boys and girls. We compared the capacity of metabolites versus conventional risk factors (overweight/obesity, insulin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase) to predict NAFLD (HFF ≥5%) and high HFF (fourth vs first quartile) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Prevalence of NAFLD was 7.9% (8.5% of boys, 7.1% of girls). Mean ± SD HFF was 2.5 ± 3.1%. We identified 13 metabolites in girls and 10 metabolites in boys. Metabolites were in lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. At T1, the metabolites outperformed conventional risk factors in prediction of high HFF but not NAFLD. At T2, the metabolites were superior to conventional risk factors as predictors of high HFF (AUC for metabolites vs conventional risk factors for boys: 0.9565 vs 0.8851, P = 0.02; for girls: 0.9450 vs 0.8469, P = 0.02) with similar trends for NAFLD, although the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The metabolite profiles identified herein are superior predictors of high HFF when assessed 5 years prior and concurrently in a general-risk setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Lifcourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Wei Perng, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12474 E. 19th Ave, Room 208, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail:
| | - Ellen C Francis
- Lifcourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado
| | - Harry A Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John Carey
- Lifcourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katerina M Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifcourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado
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48
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UCP1-independent thermogenesis. Biochem J 2020; 477:709-725. [PMID: 32059055 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from energy imbalance, when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) drives non-shivering thermogenesis which represents a powerful mechanism of enhancing the energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation. The best understood thermogenic system in BAT that evolved to protect the body from hypothermia is based on the uncoupling of protonmotive force from oxidative phosphorylation through the actions of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key regulator of cold-mediated thermogenesis. Similarly, energy expenditure is triggered in response to caloric excess, and animals with reduced thermogenic fat function can succumb to diet-induced obesity. Thus, it was surprising when inactivation of Ucp1 did not potentiate diet-induced obesity. In recent years, it has become clear that multiple thermogenic mechanisms exist, based on ATP sinks centered on creatine, lipid, or calcium cycling, along with Fatty acid-mediated UCP1-independent leak pathways driven by the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). With a key difference between cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis being the dynamic changes in purine nucleotide (primarily ATP) levels, ATP-dependent thermogenic pathways may play a key role in diet-induced thermogenesis. Additionally, the ubiquitous expression of AAC may facilitate increased energy expenditure in many cell types, in the face of over feeding. Interest in UCP1-independent energy expenditure has begun to showcase the therapeutic potential that lies in refining our understanding of the diversity of biochemical pathways controlling thermogenic respiration.
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49
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Tardelli M. Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms lipid precursors signaling in liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3577-3585. [PMID: 32742127 PMCID: PMC7366061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oversupply of triglycerides represent the hallmark of obesity and connected complications in the liver such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which eventually progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Monoacylglycerol lipase is the last enzymatic step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, generating glycerol and fatty acids (FAs), which are signaling precursors in physiology and disease. Notably, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) also hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a potent ligand within the endocannabinoid system, into arachidonic acid - a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis; thus representing a pivotal substrates provider in multiple organs for several intersecting biological pathways ranging from FA metabolism to inflammation, pain and appetite. MGL inhibition has been shown protective in limiting several liver diseases as FAs may drive hepatocyte injury, fibrogenesis and de- activate immune cells, however the complexity of MGL network system still needs further and deeper understanding. The present review will focus on MGL function and FA partitioning in the horizons of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
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50
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Thayer TE, Lino Cardenas CL, Martyn T, Nicholson CJ, Traeger L, Wunderer F, Slocum C, Sigurslid H, Shakartzi HR, O'Rourke C, Shelton G, Buswell MD, Barnes H, Neitzel LR, Ledsky CD, Li JP, Burke MF, Farber-Eger E, Perrien DS, Kumar R, Corey KE, Wells QS, Bloch KD, Hong CC, Bloch DB, Malhotra R. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9831. [PMID: 32561790 PMCID: PMC7305229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over 30% of adults in the United States. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is known to contribute to hepatic fibrosis, but the role of BMP signaling in the development of NAFLD is unclear. In this study, treatment with either of two BMP inhibitors reduced hepatic triglyceride content in diabetic (db/db) mice. BMP inhibitor-induced decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels was associated with decreased mRNA encoding Dgat2, an enzyme integral to triglyceride synthesis. Treatment of hepatoma cells with BMP2 induced DGAT2 expression and activity via intracellular SMAD signaling. In humans we identified a rare missense single nucleotide polymorphism in the BMP type 1 receptor ALK6 (rs34970181;R371Q) associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. In vitro analyses revealed R371Q:ALK6 is a previously unknown constitutively active receptor. These data show that BMP signaling is an important determinant of NAFLD in a murine model and is associated with NAFLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Thayer
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Trejeeve Martyn
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J Nicholson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Florian Wunderer
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles Slocum
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haakon Sigurslid
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hannah R Shakartzi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin O'Rourke
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georgia Shelton
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary D Buswell
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clara D Ledsky
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason Pingcheng Li
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan F Burke
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Kathleen E Corey
- GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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