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Adeniyi-Ipadeola GO, Hankins JD, Kambal A, Zeng XL, Patil K, Poplaski V, Bomidi C, Nguyen-Phuc H, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Stossi F, Crawford SE, Blutt SE, Speer AL, Estes MK, Ramani S. Infant and adult human intestinal enteroids are morphologically and functionally distinct. mBio 2024; 15:e0131624. [PMID: 38953637 PMCID: PMC11323560 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01316-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are gaining recognition as physiologically relevant models of the intestinal epithelium. While HIEs from adults are used extensively in biomedical research, few studies have used HIEs from infants. Considering the dramatic developmental changes that occur during infancy, it is important to establish models that represent infant intestinal characteristics and physiological responses. We established jejunal HIEs from infant surgical samples and performed comparisons to jejunal HIEs from adults using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and morphologic analyses. We then validated differences in key pathways through functional studies and determined whether these cultures recapitulate known features of the infant intestinal epithelium. RNA-Seq analysis showed significant differences in the transcriptome of infant and adult HIEs, including differences in genes and pathways associated with cell differentiation and proliferation, tissue development, lipid metabolism, innate immunity, and biological adhesion. Validating these results, we observed a higher abundance of cells expressing specific enterocyte, goblet cell, and enteroendocrine cell markers in differentiated infant HIE monolayers, and greater numbers of proliferative cells in undifferentiated 3D cultures. Compared to adult HIEs, infant HIEs portray characteristics of an immature gastrointestinal epithelium including significantly shorter cell height, lower epithelial barrier integrity, and lower innate immune responses to infection with an oral poliovirus vaccine. HIEs established from infant intestinal tissues reflect characteristics of the infant gut and are distinct from adult cultures. Our data support the use of infant HIEs as an ex vivo model to advance studies of infant-specific diseases and drug discovery for this population. IMPORTANCE Tissue or biopsy stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroids are increasingly recognized as physiologically relevant models of the human gastrointestinal epithelium. While enteroids from adults and fetal tissues have been extensively used for studying many infectious and non-infectious diseases, there are few reports on enteroids from infants. We show that infant enteroids exhibit both transcriptomic and morphological differences compared to adult cultures. They also differ in functional responses to barrier disruption and innate immune responses to infection, suggesting that infant and adult enteroids are distinct model systems. Considering the dramatic changes in body composition and physiology that begin during infancy, tools that appropriately reflect intestinal development and diseases are critical. Infant enteroids exhibit key features of the infant gastrointestinal epithelium. This study is significant in establishing infant enteroids as age-appropriate models for infant intestinal physiology, infant-specific diseases, and responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia D. Hankins
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ketki Patil
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria Poplaski
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn Bomidi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L. Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Gulf Coast Consortium Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allison L. Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lai Z, Gong F. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e386-e393. [PMID: 36368653 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal mucosal and immune barriers play considerable roles in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The present research was designed to assess the protective effects of Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) DSM 17938 (LR 17938) on the intestinal barriers and its beneficial effects on inflammation in a neonatal mouse model of NEC. STUDY DESIGN Overall, 7-day-old 75 C57BL/6 neonatal mice were separated into three groups (n = 25) as follows: (1) control, (2) NEC, and (3) NEC + LR17938 (LR group). NEC mice were administered a hypertonic feeding formula and subjected to asphyxia and hypothermia. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and pathological scores were used to assess the pathological changes in the intestine. Oxidative stress was evaluated based on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were detected to assess inflammation. Gut permeability levels, bacterial translocation, and the levels of secretory idioglobulin A (sIgA), β-defensin, and tight junction (TJ) proteins were detected to evaluate gut mucosal and immune barrier function, and gut microbial diversity was detected to assess the composition of the gut flora. RESULTS LR 17938 administration decreased the NEC-induced increase in intestinal scores, mortality rate, gut damage, the MDA level, and TNF-α and IL-1β expressions. Besides, LR 17938 improved the survival rate of NEC mice. Moreover, LR 17938 administration improved gut permeability levels, SOD activity and the bacterial translocation, ameliorated the expression of TJ proteins, and improved the gut microbiota compared with those of NEC mice. CONCLUSION LR 17938 reduced intestinal inflammation and played a protective role in a neonatal animal model of NEC, possibly by regulating oxidative stress and exerting a protective effect on the gut mucosal and immune barriers. KEY POINTS · Our research indicated a protective effect of LR 17938 on gut barrier function in NEC mice.. · LR 17938may affect the diversity of gut flora, which are known to target beneficial bacteria.. · LR 17938 protected gut barrier function in the NEC pups by improving gut permeability..
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Yongchuan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Adeniyi-Ipadeola GO, Hankins JD, Kambal A, Zeng XL, Patil K, Poplaski V, Bomidi C, Nguyen-Phuc H, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Stossi F, Crawford SE, Blutt SE, Speer AL, Estes MK, Ramani S. Infant and Adult Human Intestinal Enteroids are Morphologically and Functionally Distinct. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541350. [PMID: 37292968 PMCID: PMC10245709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are gaining recognition as physiologically relevant models of the intestinal epithelium. While HIEs from adults are used extensively in biomedical research, few studies have used HIEs from infants. Considering the dramatic developmental changes that occur during infancy, it is important to establish models that represent infant intestinal characteristics and physiological responses. Methods We established jejunal HIEs from infant surgical samples and performed comparisons to jejunal HIEs from adults using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and morphologic analyses. We validated differences in key pathways through functional studies and determined if these cultures recapitulate known features of the infant intestinal epithelium. Results RNA-Seq analysis showed significant differences in the transcriptome of infant and adult HIEs, including differences in genes and pathways associated with cell differentiation and proliferation, tissue development, lipid metabolism, innate immunity, and biological adhesion. Validating these results, we observed a higher abundance of cells expressing specific enterocyte, goblet cell and enteroendocrine cell markers in differentiated infant HIE monolayers, and greater numbers of proliferative cells in undifferentiated 3D cultures. Compared to adult HIEs, infant HIEs portray characteristics of an immature gastrointestinal epithelium including significantly shorter cell height, lower epithelial barrier integrity, and lower innate immune responses to infection with an oral poliovirus vaccine. Conclusions HIEs established from infant intestinal tissues reflect characteristics of the infant gut and are distinct from adult cultures. Our data support the use of infant HIEs as an ex-vivo model to advance studies of infant-specific diseases and drug discovery for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia D. Hankins
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Ketki Patil
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Victoria Poplaski
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carolyn Bomidi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra L. Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Golf Coast Consortium Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX
| | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Allison L. Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Nessim Kostandy E, Suh JH, Tian X, Okeugo B, Rubin E, Shirai S, Luo M, Taylor CM, Kim KH, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Changes Foxp3 Deficiency-Induced Dyslipidemia and Chronic Hepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:511. [PMID: 38398835 PMCID: PMC10892585 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 produces anti-inflammatory effects in scurfy (SF) mice, a model characterized by immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (called IPEX syndrome in humans), caused by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency and is due to a Foxp3 gene mutation. Considering the pivotal role of lipids in autoimmune inflammatory processes, we investigated alterations in the relative abundance of lipid profiles in SF mice (± treatment with DSM 17938) compared to normal WT mice. We also examined the correlation between plasma lipids and gut microbiota and circulating inflammatory markers. We noted a significant upregulation of plasma lipids associated with autoimmune disease in SF mice, many of which were downregulated by DSM 17938. The upregulated lipids in SF mice demonstrated a significant correlation with gut bacteria known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Chronic hepatitis in SF livers responded to DSM 17938 treatment with a reduction in hepatic inflammation. Altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism and the positive correlation between lipids and inflammatory cytokines together suggest that autoimmunity leads to dyslipidemia with impaired fatty acid oxidation in SF mice. Probiotics are presumed to contribute to the reduction of lipids by reducing inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erini Nessim Kostandy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erin Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Shirai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sun Z, Huang S, Yan X, Zhang X, Hao Y, Jiang L, Dai Z. Living, Heat-Killed Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Its Cell-Free Supernatant Differentially Regulate Colonic Serotonin Receptors and Immune Response in Experimental Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:468. [PMID: 38398793 PMCID: PMC10893098 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species have been shown to alleviate gut inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of different lactobacilli components on gut inflammation has not been well studied. This study aims to identify the differences in the effect and mechanisms of different forms and components of Limosilactobacillus mucosae (LM) treatment in the alleviation of gut inflammation using a colitis mouse model that is induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: control, DSS, live LM+DSS (LM+DSS), heat-killed LM+DSS (HKLM+DSS), LM cell-free supernatant + DSS (LMCS+DSS), and MRS medium + DSS (MRS+DSS). The mice were treated with different forms and components of LM for two weeks before DSS treatment. After that, the mice were sacrificed for an assessment of their levels of inflammatory cytokines, serotonin (5-HT) receptors (HTRs), and tryptophan metabolites. The results showed that, compared to other treatments, LMCS was more effective (p < 0.05) in the alleviation of DSS-induced body weight loss and led to an increase in the disease activity index score. All three forms and components of LM increased (p < 0.05) the levels of indole-3-acetic acid but reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of 5-HT in the colon. HKLM or LMCS reduced (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but increased (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD4+ T helper cells in the spleen. LM or HKLM increased (p < 0.05) abundances of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen. The LM and LMCS treatments reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 and Il17a. The mice in the HKLM+DSS group had higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10, the cell differentiation and proliferation markers Lgr5 and Ki67, the 5-HT degradation enzyme Maoa, and HTRs (Htr1a, Htr2a, and Htr2b) in the colon. All three forms and components of LM reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3. The above findings can help to optimize the functionality of probiotics and develop new dietary strategies that aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Siqi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Youling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
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Cui H, Wang N, Li H, Bian Y, Wen W, Kong X, Wang F. The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38317142 PMCID: PMC10845554 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ning Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Weibo Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Huang FC, Huang SC. The Hazards of Probiotics on Gut-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis in Mice Undergoing Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:253. [PMID: 38397855 PMCID: PMC10886725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections associated with a high mortality rate and represents a serious threat to human health and the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance. Cancer patients are more vulnerable to invasive infection due to ulcerative lesions in mucosal surfaces and immune suppression secondary to chemotherapy. In our in vitro study, we observed that probiotics have the potential to yield beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial cells infected with P. aeruginosa. Additionally, probiotics were found to confer advantageous effects on the innate immunity of mice suffering from Salmonella-induced colitis. As a result, we sought to investigate the impact of probiotics on gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis induced by chemotherapy. Following chemotherapy, gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis was induced in female C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks, which were raised under specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions in an animal center. Prior to the induction of the sepsis model, the mice were administered 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of the probiotics, namely Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL) via oral gavage. We observed that LGG or BL amplified the inflammatory mRNA expression in mice undergoing chemotherapy and suffering from gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis. This led to a heightened severity of colitis, as indicated by histological examination. Meanwhile, there was a notable decrease in the expression of antimicrobial peptide mRNA along with reduced levels of zonulin and claudin-2 protein staining within mucosal tissue. These alterations facilitated the translocation of bacteria to the liver, spleen, and bloodstream. To our astonishment, the introduction of probiotics exacerbated gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis in mice undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusively, we must be prudent when using probiotics in mice receiving chemotherapy complicated with gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chen Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Shaposhnikov LA, Tishkov VI, Pometun AA. Lactobacilli and Klebsiella: Two Opposites in the Fight for Human Health. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S71-S89. [PMID: 38621745 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance is currently very acute. Numerous research and development of new antibacterial drugs are being carried out that could help cope with various infectious agents. One of the promising directions for the search for new antibacterial drugs is the search among the probiotic strains present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This review is devoted to characteristics of one of these probiotic strains that have been studied to date: Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The review discusses its properties, synthesis of various compounds, as well as role of this strain in modulating various systems of the human body. The review also examines key characteristics of one of the most harmful among the currently known pathogenic organisms, Klebsiella, which is significantly resistant to antibiotics existing in medical practice, and also poses a great threat of nosocomial infections. Discussion of characteristics of the two strains, which have opposite effects on human health, may help in creation of new effective antibacterial drugs without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Shaposhnikov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Pometun
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Luo Z, Chen A, Xie A, Liu X, Jiang S, Yu R. Limosilactobacillus reuteri in immunomodulation: molecular mechanisms and potential applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228754. [PMID: 37638038 PMCID: PMC10450031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent use of hormones and drugs may be associated with side-effects. Recent studies have shown that probiotics have effects on the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) had regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota, host epithelial cells, immune cells, cytokines, antibodies (Ab), toll-like receptors (TLRs), tryptophan (Try) metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and expression of related genes, and exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to alleviation of disease symptoms. Although the specific composition of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. reuteri has not been clarified, its efficacy in animal models has drawn increased attention to its potential use. This review summarizes the effects of L. reuteri on intestinal flora and immune regulation, and discusses the feasibility of its application in atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and provides insights for the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Anni Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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10
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, van Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-Derived Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Produces Anti-Inflammatory Adenosine Metabolites in Treg-Deficient Scurfy Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1001-1013. [PMID: 37178405 PMCID: PMC10926147 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolongs the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A2A) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut, and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73+CD8+ T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Evelyn S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeina M Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sharmistha Lahiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - JMarc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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11
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Hao Y, Jiang L, Han D, Si D, Sun Z, Wu Z, Dai Z. Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Lactobacillus amylovorus Protect Against Experimental Colitis via Upregulation of Colonic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 4 and Transforming Growth Factor-β2. J Nutr 2023; 153:2512-2522. [PMID: 37356501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limosilactobacillusmucosae (LM) exerts anti-inflammatory and health-promoting effects. However, its role in the modulation of gut serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism and 5-HT receptors (HTRs) in inflammation requires further investigation. OBJECTIVES We compared LM with Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA) for the regulation of 5-HT, HTRs, inflammatory mediators, and their correlations in the colon of mice with experimental colitis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control (Con), LM, LA, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and DSS with pre-administration of LM (+LM) or LA (+LA). After 7 d of DSS treatment, mice were killed to analyze the expression of inflammatory mediators, HTRs, and concentrations of 5-HT and microbial metabolites in the colon. RESULTS LM was more effective than LA in alleviating DSS-induced colonic inflammation. Compared with mice in the DSS group, mice receiving DSS + LM or DSS + LA treatment had lower (P < 0.05) colonic mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. DSS + LM treatment had lower mRNA expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Ccl3, an abundance of p-STAT3, and greater expression of Tgfb2 and Htr4 in the colon (P < 0.05). The expression of inflammatory mediators (including Tgfb-1) was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with 5-HT and Htr2a and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with Htr4. However, the expression of Tgfb-2 showed reversed correlations with the 5-HT and HTRs described above. Patterns for these correlations were different for LM and LA. Mice receiving the DSS + LM treatment had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of acetate and valerate and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid in the cecal and colonic contents. CONCLUSIONS LM showed greater efficacy than LA in alleviating DSS-induced colonic inflammation. The coordinated regulation of transforming growth factor-β subtypes and serotonin receptors in the colon may be one of the most important mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of lactobacilli in gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase produces anti-inflammatory adenosine metabolites in Treg-deficient scurfy mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2781715. [PMID: 37066419 PMCID: PMC10104250 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2781715/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolonges the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A 2A ) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri -derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73 + CD8 + T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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13
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Liu Y, Hoang TK, Park ES, Freeborn J, Okeugo B, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs for immune tolerance in stressed new-born mice. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:73-84. [PMID: 36815493 PMCID: PMC10124588 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
When new-born mice are subjected to acute maternal separation stress, cow-milk based formula feeding, and brief recurrent hypoxia with cold stress, they develop gut inflammation similar to the phenotype of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, characterised by an increase in gut mucosal effector T (Teffs) and reduced Foxp3+ regulatory T (Tregs) cells. The imbalance can be prevented by probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938). We hypothesised that LR 17938 could potentiate a tolerogenic function of Tregs. To analyse whether LR 17938 can educate Tregs to improve their tolerogenic potency during neonatal stress, we isolated T cells (Tregs and Teffs) from 'donor' mice fed with either LR 17938 (107 cfu) or control media. The cells were adoptively transferred (AT) by intraperitoneal injection (5 × 105 cells/mouse) to new-born (d5) recipient mice. Mice were then separated from their dams, fed formula by gavage, and exposed to hypoxia and cold stress (NeoStress) for 4 days. We analysed the percentage of Tregs in CD4+T helper cells in the intestine (INT) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of recipient mice. We found that: (1) the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN following NeoStress were significantly reduced compared to dam-fed unstressed mice; (2) AT of either naïve Tregs or LR-educated Tregs to mice with Neostress increased the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN compared to the percentage in NeoStress mice without Treg treatment; however, LR-educated Tregs increased the Tregs significantly more than naïve Tregs; and (3) AT of LR-educated Tregs reduced pro-inflammatory CD44+Foxp3-NonTregs and inflammatory CX3CR1+ dendritic cells in the intestinal mucosa of NeoStress mice. In conclusion, adoptive transfer of Tregs promotes the generation of and/or migration of endogenous Tregs in the intestinal mucosa of recipient mice. Importantly, probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs to enhance immune tolerance following neonatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J M Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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Li M, Liu B, Li R, Yang P, Leng P, Huang Y. Exploration of the link between gut microbiota and purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:315-327. [PMID: 36121551 PMCID: PMC9984663 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence reveals that microorganisms in the gut are linked to metabolic health and disease risk in human beings to a considerable extent. The focus of research at this stage must tend to focus on cause-and-effect studies. In addition to being a component of DNA and RNA, purine metabolites can be involved in purine signalling in the body as chemical messengers. Abnormalities in purinergic signalling may lead to neuropathy, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, tumors, and a wide range of other diseases. It has proved that gut microbes are involved in purinergic signalling. The relationship between these gut-derived purinergic signalling molecules and host metabolism may be one of the important clues to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota affects host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingJian Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - BoWen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Yu Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Meng Q, Liu H, Yao Q, Song W, Ren X, Chen X. The role of potential probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri in various intestinal diseases: New roles for an old player. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1095555. [PMID: 36819028 PMCID: PMC9932687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., is a gut symbiont that can colonize many mammals. Since it was first isolated in 1962, a multitude of research has been conducted to investigate its function and unique role in different diseases as an essential probiotic. Among these, the basic functions, beneficial effects, and underlying mechanisms of L. reuteri have been noticed and understood profoundly in intestinal diseases. The origins of L. reuteri strains are diverse, with humans, rats, and piglets being the most common. With numerous L. reuteri strains playing significant roles in different intestinal diseases, DSM 17938 is the most widely used in humans, especially in children. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri improves intestinal disorders include protecting the gut barrier, suppressing inflammation and the immune response, regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress. While a growing body of studies focused on L. reuteri, there are still many unknowns concerning its curative effects, clinical safety, and precise mechanisms. In this review, we initially interpreted the basic functions of L. reuteri and its related metabolites. Then, we comprehensively summarized its functions in different intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, infection-associated bowel diseases, and pediatric intestinal disorders. We also highlighted some important molecules in relation to the underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, L. reuteri has the potential to exert a beneficial impact on intestinal diseases, which should be further explored to obtain better clinical application and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xin Chen ✉
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16
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri Regulating Intestinal Function: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have extensive use in daily life, due to the function of the changing intestinal metabolism and material conversion processes, wherein they remodel the intestinal microbiota, regulate the intestinal function and affect the organism’s health. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), originally discovered in breast milk and currently reported to be present within the gut of almost all vertebrates and mammals, is an intestinal probiotic with prebiotic efficacy. Most L. reuteri have good intestinal colonization and bacteriocin secretion abilities, which can increase the expression of the mucin (mucoprotein) genes 2 MUC2 and MUC13, which in turn promote the development and maturation of intestinal organoids, and augment mucin secretion. In enteritis patients, L. reuteri downregulates α Tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-12 expression to attenuate inflammation. It also induces the host’s production of immunoglobulin A (IGA), which manipulates the intestinal microbial community, inhibiting the growth of pathogens. L. reuteri has been widely used in daily life. with in-depth studies having been conducted on the prebiotic effects of L. reuteri. However, the complexity of its application in a clinical setting is still unclear because the pathogenesis of various diseases still requires a large amount of data and theoretical support.
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17
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Zuiderwijk MO, van der Burg M, Bekker V, Schoenaker MHD. Regulatory T Cells in Development and Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10903. [PMID: 36142816 PMCID: PMC9504949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of mortality in premature infants. However, the pathophysiology and influence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) have not been sufficiently elucidated. We performed a scoping review to investigate current knowledge on the influence of Tregs in NEC, and to investigate the predictive value of Treg number in NEC development. Pubmed, Embase, Prospero and Cochrane Library were searched during December 2020. Primary research articles discussing Tregs and NEC development written in English were selected. Two reviewers screened title and abstract for relevance, after which full-text screening was performed. A total of 20 articles were selected-13 of the articles discussed studies performed in animal models, while 8 used human neonate data. One study discussed both animal and human data. It was shown that after NEC diagnosis or induction, Treg levels were decreased while Th17 levels were increased. No studies were found which investigated the predictive value of Treg number in NEC development. A reduced Treg level is found in animals and neonates with NEC. The question remains whether this effect is a factor on the causal pathway of NEC development or a bystander effect. Future research focusing on the pathophysiological timeline of NEC and the involvement of Tregs is required for better understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara O. Zuiderwijk
- Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bekker
- Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H. D. Schoenaker
- Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Liu Y, Tian X, Daniel RC, Okeugo B, Armbrister SA, Luo M, Taylor CM, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Impact of probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on amino acid metabolism in the healthy newborn mouse. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1383-1401. [PMID: 35536363 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of feeding a single probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) on the luminal and plasma levels of amino acids and their derivatives in the suckling newborn mouse, using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that LR 17938 increased the relative abundance of many amino acids and their derivatives in stool, while it simultaneously significantly reduced the plasma levels of three amino acids (serine, citrulline, and taurine). Many peptides and dipeptides were increased in stool and plasma, notably gamma-glutamyl derivatives of amino acids, following ingestion of the LR 17938. Gamma-glutamyl transformation of amino acids facilitates their absorption. LR 17938 significantly upregulated N-acetylated amino acids, the levels of which could be useful biomarkers in plasma and warrant further investigation. Specific fecal microbiota were associated with higher levels of fecal amino acids and their derivatives. Changes in luminal and circulating levels of amino acid derivatives, polyamines, and tryptophan metabolites may be mechanistically related to probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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19
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Dargenio VN, Cristofori F, Dargenio C, Giordano P, Indrio F, Celano G, Francavilla R. Use of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in paediatric gastrointestinal disorders: an updated review. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:221-242. [PMID: 35212258 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strains of lactobacilli are the most widely used probiotics and can be found in a large variety of food products and food supplements throughout the world. In this study, the evidence on Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR DSM 17938) has been reviewed. This species secretes reuterin and other substances singularly or in microvesicles, inhibiting pathogen growth and interacting with the intestinal microbiota and mucosa, restoring homeostasis. The use of LR DSM 17938 has been exploited in several pathological conditions. Preclinical research has shown that this probiotic can ameliorate dysbiosis and, by interacting with intestinal mucosal cells, can raise the pain threshold and promote gastrointestinal motility. These aspects are amongst the significant components in functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic and regurgitation in infants, functional abdominal pain and functional constipation in children and adolescents. This strain can decrease the duration of acute diarrhoea and hospitalization for acute gastroenteritis but does not seem to prevent nosocomial diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Because of its ability to survive in the gastric environment, it has been tested in Helicobacter pylori infection, showing a significant decrease of antibiotic-associated side effects and a tendency to increase the eradication rate. Finally, all these studies have shown the excellent safety of LR DSM 17938 even at higher dosages. In conclusion data from various clinical trials here reviewed can guide the clinician to find the correct dose, frequency of administration, and therapy duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Indrio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - G Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 265/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
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20
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Guli M, Winarsih S, Barlianto W, Illiandri O, Sumarno SP. Mechanism of Lactobacillus reuteri Probiotic in Increasing Intestinal Mucosal Immune System. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which, when consumed in adequate quantities as food ingredients, provide health benefits to the host. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces, are three probiotics that are intensively used as probiotics in humans and animals. Probiotics have beneficial effects on health when given adequate amounts. The concept of probiotics on human health, namely modulating the gut microbiota and its effect on the host. Probiotics play an important role in maintaining intestinal integrity through a number of different interactions, including changes in cytokine expression in the mucosa. Probiotics compete with intestinal pathogens for mucosal receptors, thereby increasing interepithelial resistance. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus casei sp GG strain was used as a prophylaxis that could increase the expression of epithelial mucin, thereby reducing the translocation of pathogenic bacteria. Abnormal local immune response is characterized by decreased secretion of IgA, thus allowing enterocyte attachment and local translocation of bacterial antigens, which are the main stimulation of pathological events. Colonic stasis can promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria which allows malignant porin bacterial strains to thrive. The gut microbiota has a major influence on human health. The microbial population has an important role in the host, such as the metabolic activity of probiotics producing energy and nutrient absorption, developing the host immune system, and preventing colonization and infection of pathogens. Lactobacillus reuteri is a hetero-fermentative bacterium that lives in the digestive tract of humans. L. reuteri has been used to treat infant necrotizing pseudomembrane. In this paper, the mechanism of L reuteri to increase host immunological response will be reviewed.
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21
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Sun N, Xue Y, Wei S, Wu B, Wang H, Zeng D, Zhao Y, Khalique A, Pan K, Zeng Y, Shu G, Jing B, Ni X. Compound Probiotics Improve Body Growth Performance by Enhancing Intestinal Development of Broilers with Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:558-572. [PMID: 34735679 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore whether or not the combined application of BS15 and H2 is capable to have a more effective control effect on SNE in broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old female chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups: (a) basal diet in negative control group (NC group); (b) basal diet + SNE infection (coccidiosis vaccine + CP) (PC group); (c) basal diet + SNE infection + H2 pre-treatment (BT group); (d) basal diet + SNE infection + BS15 pre-treatment (LT group); and (e) basal diet + SNE infection + H2 pre-treatment + BS15 pre-treatment (MT group). The results showed the MT group had the most positive effect on inhibiting the negative effect of growth performance at 42 days of age. In the detection of the NC, PC, and MT group indicators at 28 days of age, we found that MT group significantly promoted ileum tissue development of broilers, and the ileum of broilers in the MT group formed a flora structure different from NC and PC, although it was found that the MT group had no effect on the butyrate level in the cecum, but it could affect the serum immune level, such as significantly reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and increasing the content of immunoglobulin IgM and IgG. In conclusion, the composite preparation of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 and Bacillus licheniformis H2 could effectively improve the growth performance against SNE broilers, which is possibly caused by the improvement of the immune levels, the reduction of inflammation levels, and the promotion of the intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyi Wei
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Park ES, Freeborn J, Venna VR, Roos S, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Lactobacillus reuteri effects on maternal separation stress in newborn mice. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:980-988. [PMID: 33531679 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) is beneficial to infants with colic. To understand its mechanism of action, we assessed ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) and brain pain/stress genes in newborn mice exposed to maternal separation stress. METHODS Pups were exposed to unpredictable maternal separation (MSU or SEP) or MSU combined with unpredictable maternal stress (MSU + MSUS or S + S), from postnatal days 5 to 14. USV calls and pain/stress/neuroinflammation-related genes in the brain were analyzed. RESULTS We defined 10 different neonatal call patterns, none of which increased after MSU. Stress reduced overall USV calls. Orally feeding LR 17938 also did not change USV calls after MSU. However, LR 17938 markedly increased vocalizations in mice allowed to stay with their dams. Even though LR 17938 did not change MSU-related calls, LR 17938 modulated brain genes related to stress and pain. Up-regulated genes following LR 17938 treatment were opioid peptides, kappa-opioid receptor 1 genes, and CD200, important in anti-inflammatory signaling. LR 17938 down-regulated CCR2 transcripts, a chemokine receptor, in the stressed neonatal brain. CONCLUSIONS USV calls in newborn mice are interpreted as "physiological calls" instead of "cries." Feeding LR 17938 after MSU did not change USV calls but modulated cerebral genes favoring pain and stress reduction and anti-inflammatory signaling. IMPACT We defined mouse ultrasonic vocalization (USV) call patterns in this study, which will be important in guiding future studies in other mouse strains. Newborn mice with maternal separation stress have reduced USVs, compared to newborn mice without stress, indicating USV calls may represent "physiological calling" instead of "crying." Oral feeding of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 raised the number of calls when newborn mice continued to suckle on their dams, but not when mice were under stress. The probiotic bacteria had a dampening effect on monocyte activation and on epinephrine and glutamate-related stress gene expression in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S Park
- Departments of Pediatrics at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Departments of Pediatrics at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Departments of Neurology at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Departments of Pediatrics at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuying Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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23
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Peterson LS, Hedou J, Ganio EA, Stelzer IA, Feyaerts D, Harbert E, Adusumelli Y, Ando K, Tsai ES, Tsai AS, Han X, Ringle M, Houghteling P, Reiss JD, Lewis DB, Winn VD, Angst MS, Aghaeepour N, Stevenson DK, Gaudilliere B. Single-Cell Analysis of the Neonatal Immune System Across the Gestational Age Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714090. [PMID: 34497610 PMCID: PMC8420969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells; increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α; and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8+CD161+ T cells. Knowledge gained from the analysis of the neonatal immune landscape across GA provides a mechanistic framework to understand the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to both hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Edward A Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eliza Harbert
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yamini Adusumelli
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eileen S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Megan Ringle
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Pearl Houghteling
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Reiss
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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24
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Wu X, Sun M, Yang Z, Lu C, Wang Q, Wang H, Deng C, Liu Y, Yang Y. The Roles of CCR9/CCL25 in Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686548. [PMID: 34490243 PMCID: PMC8416662 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine is a structure-related protein with a relatively small molecular weight, which can target cells to chemotaxis and promote inflammatory response. Inflammation plays an important role in aging. C-C chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its ligand C-C chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) are involved in the regulating the occurrence and development of various diseases, which has become a research hotspot. Early research analysis of CCR9-deficient mouse models also confirmed various physiological functions of this chemokine in inflammatory responses. Moreover, CCR9/CCL25 has been shown to play an important role in a variety of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of CCR9/CCL25 in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will contribute to the design of future experimental studies on the potential of CCR9/CCL25 and advance the research of CCR9/CCL25 as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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25
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Kumar R, Tripathi AS, Sharma N, Singh G, Mohapatra L. Is Regular Probiotic Practice Safe for Management of Sepsis? Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:185-192. [PMID: 34268649 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the gut has been thought to play an important role in sepsis pathogenesis. Sepsis is a serious life-threatening, chronic condition of an infection caused by dysregulated host immune response in most of the intensive care unit patients. Probiotics have dual roles in polymicrobial sepsis i.e. probiotics may induce sepsis in many cases and may prevent its prognosis in many cases. Experimental evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotic therapy ameliorates various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, etc., in septicemia. In addition, probiotic use was also found to reduce the severity of pathological conditions associated with irritable bowel disorder and prevent development of endocarditis in septicemia. On contrary, probiotic therapy in neonatal and athymic adult mice fail to provide any beneficial effects on mortality and sepsis-induced inflammation. Importantly, in few clinical trials probiotic use was found to aggravate sepsis by promoting inflammatory cascade rather than suppressing it. This review discusses various studies regarding the beneficial or harmful effects associated with probiotic therapy in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow (UP), India.
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
| | - Lucy Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow (UP), India
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26
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Satia I, Cusack R, Stevens C, Schlatman A, Wattie J, Mian F, Killian KJ, O'Byrne PM, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P, Gauvreau GM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 for preventing cough in adults with mild allergic asthma: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1133-1143. [PMID: 34192396 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is a common troublesome symptom in asthma which is neuronally mediated. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 (L. reuteri DSM-17938) is a probiotic shown to be effective in pre-clinical models at suppressing neuronal responses to capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid agonist (TRPV1). OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of DSM-17938 versus matched placebo on capsaicin-evoked coughs in mild allergic asthmatics. METHODS We performed a 4-visit, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way cross-over study comparing full dose cough responses with inhaled capsaicin in mild allergic asthmatics after 1 month of treatment with DSM-17938 compared with matched placebo. Randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Histamine skin prick testing, airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammatory cells in induced sputum were measured at every visit. Blood was collected to extract PBMCs and stimulated with CD3/CD28 to ascertain the effects of DSM-17938 /placebo on T-cell cytokine responses. RESULTS Seventeen subjects were recruited and 15 completed the study (8 females, mean age 27.3 years). There was no difference in the change in maximum capsaicin-evoked coughs (Emax) after treatment with L. reuteri DSM-17938 compared with placebo [mean difference 2.07 coughs (95% CI -2.77 to 6.91, p = .38) or relative changes in geometric mean ratios for the dose evoking at least half the Emax (ED50) [1.05 (95% CI 0.31-3.58, p = .94)], concentration evoking 2 coughs (C2) [0.63 (0.26-1.53), p = .28] and 5 coughs (C5) [0.79 (0.25-2.50), p = .67]. There was no effect on histamine skin prick wheal size, intensity of itch sensation, methacholine PC20, airway inflammation or T-cell responses after stimulation with CD3/CD28. There were no serious adverse events. One subject developed a mild upper respiratory tract infection and another mild transient nausea whilst on DSM-17938. CONCLUSION In this small study in adults with mild allergic asthma, we found no evidence that L. reuteri DSM-17938 has any systemic effects on airway nerves, smooth muscle, sputum inflammatory cells, skin responses or T-cell responses after oral consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03603522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Satia
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Cusack
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Catie Stevens
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abbey Schlatman
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wattie
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Firoz Mian
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran J Killian
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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27
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Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, Luo M, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G969-G981. [PMID: 33787352 PMCID: PMC8285589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treg deficiency causes a lethal, CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease called IPEX syndrome (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, with X-linked inheritance) in humans and in the scurfy (SF) mouse, a mouse model of the disease. Feeding Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938, LR) to SF mice reprograms the gut microbiota, reduces disease progression, and prolongs lifespan. However, the efficacy and mechanism of LR, compared with other probiotics, in producing these effects is unknown. We compared LR with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), an extensively investigated probiotic. LR was more effective than LGG in prolonging survival. Both probiotics restored the fecal microbial alpha diversity, but they produced distinct fecal bacterial clusters and differentially modulated microbial relative abundance (RA). LR increased the RA of phylum_Firmicutes, genus_Oscillospira whereas LR reduced phylum_Bacteroidetes, genus_Bacteroides and genus_Parabacteroides, reversing changes attributed to the SF phenotype. LGG primarily reduced the RA of genus_Bacteroides. Both LR and LGG reduced the potentially pathogenic taxon class_γ-proteobacteria. Plasma metabolomics revealed substantial differences among 696 metabolites. We observed similar changes of many clusters of metabolites in SF mice associated with treatment with either LR or LGG. However, a unique effect of LR was to increase the abundance of plasma adenosine metabolites such as inosine, which we previously showed had immune modulatory effects. In conclusion: 1) different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency; and 2) when comparing different probiotics, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the treatment of Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmunity, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) showed greater efficacy than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). The study demonstrated that two different probiotics produce distinct signatures in the fecal microbial community in mice with Treg deficiency, but with many similarities in global plasma metabolites in general. However, there are strain-specific microbial products with different anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing the concept that "one size does not fit all" in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Evelyn S Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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de Lange IH, van Gorp C, Eeftinck Schattenkerk LD, van Gemert WG, Derikx JPM, Wolfs TGAM. Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1726. [PMID: 34069699 PMCID: PMC8161173 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and in advanced stages necrosis, is a gastrointestinal emergency in the neonate with high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancing medical care, effective prevention strategies remain sparse. Factors contributing to the complex pathogenesis of NEC include immaturity of the intestinal immune defense, barrier function, motility and local circulatory regulation and abnormal microbial colonization. Interestingly, enteral feeding is regarded as an important modifiable factor influencing NEC pathogenesis. Moreover, breast milk, which forms the currently most effective prevention strategy, contains many bioactive components that are known to support neonatal immune development and promote healthy gut colonization. This systematic review describes the effect of different enteral feeding interventions on the prevention of NEC incidence and severity and the effect on pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC, in both experimental NEC models and clinical NEC. Besides, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in human NEC development are briefly described to give context for the findings of altered pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC by enteral feeding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H. de Lange
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Wim G. van Gemert
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BMT), School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062973. [PMID: 33804088 PMCID: PMC8000752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is vital for the processing of emotional regulation, hunger, sleep, and pain, as well as colonic motility and secretory activity in the gut. Tryptophan catabolites from the kynurenine degradation pathway also modulate neural activity and are active in the systemic inflammatory cascade. Additionally, tryptophan and its metabolites support the development of the central and enteric nervous systems. Accordingly, dysregulation of tryptophan metabolites plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Gut microbes influence tryptophan metabolism directly and indirectly, with corresponding changes in behavior and cognition. The gut microbiome has thus garnered much attention as a therapeutic target for both neurologic and psychiatric disorders where tryptophan and its metabolites play a prominent role. In this review, we will touch upon some of these features and their involvement in health and disease.
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Hu R, Lin H, Wang M, Zhao Y, Liu H, Min Y, Yang X, Gao Y, Yang M. Lactobacillus reuteri-derived extracellular vesicles maintain intestinal immune homeostasis against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 33593426 PMCID: PMC7888134 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus reuteri strains are widely used as probiotics to prevent and treat inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the host's immune system. However, the underlying mechanisms by which they communicate with the host have not been clearly understood. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered as important mediators of host-pathogen interactions, but their potential role in commensals-host crosstalk has not been widely studied. Here, we investigated the regulatory actions of EVs produced by L. reuteri BBC3, a gut-associated commensal bacterium of Black-Bone chicken, in the development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation in a chicken model using both in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS L. reuteri BBC3 produced nano-scale membrane vesicles with the size range of 60-250 nm. Biochemical and proteomic analyses showed that L. reuteri BBC3-derived EVs (LrEVs) carried DNA, RNA and several bioactive proteins previously described as mediators of other probiotics' beneficial effects such as glucosyltransferase, serine protease and elongation factor Tu. In vivo broiler experiments showed that administration of LrEVs exerted similar effects as L. reuteri BBC3 in attenuating LPS-induced inflammation by improving growth performance, reducing mortality and decreasing intestinal injury. LrEVs suppressed the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-8), and improved the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the jejunum. LrEVs could be internalized by chicken macrophages. In vitro pretreatment with LrEVs reduced the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by suppressing the NF-κB activity, and enhanced the gene expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in LPS-activated chicken macrophages. Additionally, LrEVs could inhibit Th1- and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses and enhance the immunoregulatory cells-mediated immunosuppression in splenic lymphocytes of LPS-challenged chickens through the activation of macrophages. Finally, we revealed that the reduced content of both vesicular proteins and nucleic acids attenuated the suppression of LrEVs on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in ex vivo experiments, suggesting that they are essential for the LrEVs-mediated immunoregulation. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that LrEVs participated in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a chicken model. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how commensal and probiotic Lactobacillus species modulate the host's immune system in pathogens-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yuezhen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Haojing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Barbuti RC, Schiavon LL, Oliveira CP, Alvares-DA-Silva MR, Sassaki LY, Passos MDCF, Farias AQ, Barros LL, Barreto BP, Albuquerque GBDMLD, Alves AM, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Bittencourt PL. GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES: PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY (SBH), BRAZILIAN NUCLEUS FOR THE STUDY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MICROBIOTA (NBEHPM), AND BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (FBG). ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 57:381-398. [PMID: 33331485 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there is growing evidence that microorganisms are involved in the maintenance of our health and are related to various diseases, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Changes in the gut microbiota appears to be a key element in the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea. In 2019, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) in cooperation with the Brazilian Nucleus for the Study of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota (NBEHPM), and Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) sponsored a joint meeting on gut microbiota and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the aforementioned meeting. It is intended to provide practical information about this topic, addressing the latest discoveries and indicating areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Correa Barbuti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Lucca Schiavon
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudia P Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mário Reis Alvares-DA-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Alberto Queiroz Farias
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luisa Leite Barros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruno Paes Barreto
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Amanda Mandarino Alves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tomás Navarro-Rodriguez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Liu L, Aron CZ, Grable CM, Robles A, Liu X, Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Rhoads JM, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein A reduces TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in neonatal mouse ileum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2593. [PMID: 33510368 PMCID: PMC7843620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of intestinal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) impact inflammation in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. While surfactant protein A (SP-A) is known to regulate TLR4 in the lung, it also reduces intestinal damage, TLR4 and inflammation in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats. We hypothesized that SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice have increased ileal TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to wild type mice, impacting intestinal physiology. We found that ileal TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher in infant SP-A-/- mice compared to wild type mice. Gavage of neonatal SP-A-/- mice with purified SP-A reduced ileal TLR4 protein levels. SP-A reduced expression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines in normal human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs74int), suggesting a direct effect. However, incubation of gastrointestinal cell lines with proteasome inhibitors did not abrogate the effect of SP-A on TLR4 protein levels, suggesting that proteasomal degradation is not involved. In a mouse model of experimental NEC, SP-A-/- mice were more susceptible to intestinal stress resembling NEC, while gavage with SP-A significantly decreased ileal damage, TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Our data suggests that SP-A has an extrapulmonary role in the intestinal health of neonatal mice by modulating TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chaim Z Aron
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cullen M Grable
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adrian Robles
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicole Y Fatheree
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Westfall S, Caracci F, Zhao D, Wu QL, Frolinger T, Simon J, Pasinetti GM. Microbiota metabolites modulate the T helper 17 to regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) imbalance promoting resilience to stress-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:350-368. [PMID: 33096252 PMCID: PMC7986984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress disrupts immune homeostasis while gut microbiota-derived metabolites attenuate inflammation, thus promoting resilience to stress-induced immune and behavioral abnormalities. There are both peripheral and brain region-specific maladaptations of the immune response to chronic stress that produce interrelated mechanistic considerations required for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of stress-induced psychological impairment. This study shows that a combination of probiotics and polyphenol-rich prebiotics, a synbiotic, attenuates the chronic-stress induced inflammatory responses in the ileum and the prefrontal cortex promoting resilience to the consequent depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that this effect may be attributed to specific synbiotic-produced metabolites including 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and caffeic acid. Using a model of chronic unpredictable stress, behavioral abnormalities were associated to strong immune cell activation and recruitment in the ileum while inflammasome pathways were implicated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Chronic stress also upregulated the ratio of activated proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) to regulatory T cells (Treg) in the liver and ileum and it was predicted with ingenuity pathway analysis that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) could be driving the synbiotic's effect on the ileum's inflammatory response to stress. Synbiotic treatment indiscriminately attenuated the stress-induced immune and behavioral aberrations in both the ileum and the brain while in a gut-immune co-culture model, the synbiotic-specific metabolites promoted anti-inflammatory activity through the AHR. Overall, this study characterizes a novel synbiotic treatment for chronic-stress induced behavioral impairments while defining a putative mechanism of gut-microbiota host interaction for modulating the peripheral and brain immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Westfall
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Caracci
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qing-li Wu
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tal Frolinger
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Simon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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The Association of Gut Microbiota and Treg Dysfunction in Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:191-203. [PMID: 33523449 PMCID: PMC9290759 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions affect 23 million Americans or 7% of the US population. There are more than 100 autoimmune disorders, affecting every major organ system in humans. This chapter aims to further explain Treg dysfunction autoimmune disorders, including monogenic primary immune deficiency such as immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked inheritance (IPEX) syndrome, and polygenic autoimmune diseases with Treg dysfunction such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and food allergy. These conditions are associated with an abnormal small intestinal and colonic microbiome. Some disorders clearly improve with therapies aimed at microbial modification, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Approaches to prevent and treat these disorders will need to focus on the acquisition and maintenance of a healthy colonic microbiota, in addition to more focused approaches at immune suppression during acute disease exacerbations.
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Butler É, Lundqvist C, Axelsson J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071026. [PMID: 32664536 PMCID: PMC7409218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and live Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing live L. reuteri DSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éile Butler
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of health and society, Department of Health Biomedical, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 25, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Axelsson
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Sampah MES, Hackam DJ. Dysregulated Mucosal Immunity and Associated Pathogeneses in Preterm Neonates. Front Immunol 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32499778 PMCID: PMC7243348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many functions of the immune system are impaired in neonates, allowing vulnerability to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections which would otherwise not be pathogenic to mature individuals. This vulnerability is exacerbated in compromised newborns such as premature neonates and those who have undergone surgery or who require care in an intensive care unit. Higher susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections is associated with delayed immune system maturation, with deficiencies present in both the innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review recent insights into early life immunity, and highlight features associated with compromised newborns, given the challenges of studying neonatal immunity in compromised neonates due to the transient nature of this period of life, and logistical and ethical obstacles posed by undertaking studies newborns and infants. Finally, we highlight how the unique immunological characteristics of the premature host play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases that are unique to this population, including necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated sequalae of lung and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maame Efua S Sampah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang H, Zhou C, Huang J, Kuai X, Shao X. The potential therapeutic role of Lactobacillus reuteri for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1569-1583. [PMID: 32509162 PMCID: PMC7270012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease of unknown etiology. However, recent studies have established a pathological role of disordered intestinal microbiota and immune dysregulation. Clinical studies have suggested that the reconstruction of the normal intestinal flora in patients with IBD can reverse the dysbiosis caused by genetic, environmental, dietary, or antibiotic factors to ameliorate the symptoms of IBD. Lactobacillus reuteri is widely present in the intestines of healthy individuals and regulates the intestinal immune system, reducing inflammation through multiple mechanisms. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of L. reuteri in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and considers its possible value as a new therapeutic agent for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Tang J, Guo C, Gong F. [Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri against oxidative stress in neonatal mice with necrotizing enterocolitis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1221-1226. [PMID: 31801706 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of L. reuteri DSM17938 strain against oxidative stress in a neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Ninety-six 10-day-old neonatal C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into control group, NEC group, and NEC+ L. reuteri group. The pathological changes of the ileocecal intestinal tissue were evaluated with HE staining and double-blind pathological scoring. The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the intestinal tissues were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Colorimetric assays were used to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its inhibition rate, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and GSSG/ GSH ratio. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, the neonatal mice in NEC group showed significant weight loss (P < 0.05), obvious intestinal injury, increased pathological scores (P < 0.05), increased expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and proteins (P < 0.05), decreased SOD activity and inhibition rate, decreased GSH, and significantly increased MDA, GSSG, and GSSG/GSH ratios (P < 0.05). Treatment with L. reuteri obviously decreased the pathological scores, expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β (P < 0.05), MDA, GSSG, and GSSG/GSH ratio (P < 0.05), and significantly increased SOD activity, its inhibition rate, and GSH level in the mice with NEC, but the survival rate was not significantly different between NEC and L. reuteri-treated groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS L. reuteri DSM17938 can offer protection against NEC in mice by reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacity of the intestinal tissue to suppress intestinal inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
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Liu Y, Tian X, He B, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Freeborn J, Park S, Luo M, Couturier J, Tran DQ, Roos S, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 feeding of healthy newborn mice regulates immune responses while modulating gut microbiota and boosting beneficial metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G824-G838. [PMID: 31482733 PMCID: PMC6962498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and inhibits regulatory T-cell (Treg)-deficiency-associated autoimmunity in mice. In humans, LR reduces crying time in breastfed infants with colic, modifies severity in infants with acute diarrheal illnesses, and improves pain in children with functional bowel disorders. In healthy breastfed newborns with evolving microbial colonization, it is unclear if early administration of LR can modulate gut microbiota and their metabolites in such a way as to promote homeostasis. We gavaged LR (107 colony-forming units/day, daily) to C57BL/6J mice at age of day 8 for 2 wk. Both male and female mice were investigated in these experiments. We found that feeding LR did not affect clinical phenotype or inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and stool, but LR increased the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. LR also increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, f_Ruminococcaceae, and genera Clostridium and Candidatus arthromitus, while decreasing the relative abundance of p_Bacteriodetes, f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Verrucomicrobiaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, and Sutterella. Finally, LR exerted a major impact on the plasma metabolome, upregulating amino acid metabolites formed via the urea, tricarboxylic acid, and methionine cycles and increasing tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, early oral administration of LR to healthy breastfed mice led to microbial and metabolic changes which could be beneficial to general health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) to healthy breastfed mice promotes intestinal immune tolerance and is linked to proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. LR upregulates plasma metabolites that are involved in the urea cycle, the TCA cycle, methionine methylation, and the polyamine pathway. Herein, we show that LR given to newborn mice specifically increases levels of tryptophan metabolites and the purine nucleoside adenosine that are known to enhance tolerance to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Feng J, He Y, Liu D, Li L, Chen J, Yu J. The constitution and functional prediction of the microbiota in necrotizing enterocolitis with a gestational age of over 28 weeks. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17206. [PMID: 31577710 PMCID: PMC6783190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the features and function of gut microbiota in necrotizing enterocolitis patients over 28 gestational age weeks through a case-control study. METHODS Fecal samples from patients with NEC over 28 gestational week age and matched control cases were collected. DNA of the fecal samples was extracted for 16 s rRNA sequencing to estimate the composition of the microbiota. Functional inference analyses were conducted through PICRUSt based on the sequencing raw data. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the total diversity of microbiota between the fecal samples from the patients with NEC and the controls (P = .40). Propionibacterium was more abundant in the NEC cases than in the controls. Conversely, Lactobacillus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Streptococcus_salivarius were found to be more plentiful in the controls through LEfSe analysis. Functional inference analysis revealed that the xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolic activity was lower in the NEC cases than in the controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION The NEC cohort with a gestational age of over 28 weeks has a different pattern of microbiota compared with the controls. Functional inference analysis indicated that the potential function of the microbiota may also differ between these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinXing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Luquan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, China
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Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with a large number of disease processes including necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants and colic and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in term infants. Probiotic microbes are increasingly administered to infants with the intent of decreasing risk of these acute diseases as well as chronic diseases of childhood such as asthma and atopic disease. The mechanisms by which probiotics decrease inflammation, decrease intestinal permeability, alter the intestinal microbiota, and influence metabolism have been discovered through both in vitro studies and in vivo in animal models. We review key mechanisms by which probiotic microbes improve health with emphasis on recent discoveries in the field.
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Hoang TK, Freeborn J, Wang T, Mai T, He B, Park S, Tran DQ, Roos S, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Human Breast Milk Promotes the Immunomodulatory Function of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the Neonatal Rat Intestine. JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS & HEALTH 2019; 7:210. [PMID: 31565666 PMCID: PMC6764460 DOI: 10.35248/2329-8901.19.7.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast milk has many growth-promoting and immune-active components, including transforming growth factor-β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, and prebiotics such as the human milk oligosaccharides. Treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR), a probiotic with immunomodulatory functions, significantly increases regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestinal mucosa of newborn suckling rats. In humans, treatment with LR of infants with colic reduces crying optimally if the infants are breast-fed. Therefore, we examined the effects of human breast milk (HBM) on LR-associated immune modulation. METHODS Newborn rats were divided into 8 feeding groups, including dam-fed ± LR (106 CFU/kg bw/day, daily), formula-fed ± LR, formula with 20% (v/v) HBM-fed ± LR, and HBM-fed ± LR. Pups were fed by gavage from d1 to d3 of age. Subsequently, we measured intestinal immune cell profiles, including Tregs and tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) by flow cytometry. We also measured inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattratant (CINC)-1 in intestinal tissue lysates by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION (1) Formula feeding increased intestinal CD3+ T cells, CD4+ helper T (TH) cells and CD11c+ DCs, pro-inflammatory effects which were reversed by HBM. (2) When comparing HBM-fed with formula-fed newborns, HBM supplementation produced a lower percentage of CD4+ TH cells and a higher percentage of CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells, while reducing protein levels of IL-1β and CINC-1 in the intestine. (3) Probiotic LR feeding maximally stimulated the percentage of intestinal Tregs and tDCs when the pups were fed HBM. In conclusion, HBM reduced formula-induced intestinal gut immune activation, and the addition of LR further promoted immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tu Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Human Breast Milk Promotes the Secretion of Potentially Beneficial Metabolites by Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071548. [PMID: 31323989 PMCID: PMC6683045 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) may have beneficial effects on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) -mediated immunomodulation. We aimed to determine the effects of HBM on proliferation of LR 17938 in vitro and its associated proteins and metabolites in culture, in order to provide mechanistic insights into the health benefits of LR 17938. LR 17938 was cultured anaerobically in MRS bacterial culture media, HBM (from 6 mothers), and 2 types of cow-milk formula. The colony-forming unit (CFU) was calculated to evaluate LR 17938 growth. Sixteen-hour-fermented supernatants were used for metabolomics, and bacterial lysates were used for proteomics analysis. We found that growth of LR 17938 was 10 times better in HBM than in formula. We detected 261/452 metabolites upregulated when LR 17938 cultured in HBM compared to in formula, mainly participating in the glyoxylate cycle (succinate), urea cycle (citrulline), methionine methylation (N-acetylcysteine), and polyamine synthesis (spermidine). The significantly up-regulated enzymes were also involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA in the glyoxylate cycle and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, HBM enhances the growth of LR 17938 compared to formula and promotes LR 17938-associated metabolites that relate to energy and antioxidant status, which may be linked to the physiological effects of L. reuteri.
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Ma F, Li S, Gao X, Zhou J, Zhu X, Wang D, Cai Y, Li F, Yang Q, Gu X, Ge W, Liu H, Xiao X, Hao H. Interleukin-6-mediated CCR9 + interleukin-17-producing regulatory T cells polarization increases the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:71-85. [PMID: 31129099 PMCID: PMC6604880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased frequency of CCR9+ CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood is linked to several gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases; however, its relationship with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is not understood. We investigated whether the frequencies of CCR9+ CD4+ T cells and related subsets were increased in peripheral blood of both patients and mice with NEC. Methods CCR9+ CD4+ T cells and related subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood collected from both patients and mice with NEC and controls. The suppressive function of CCR9+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in NEC was assessed via in vitro suppression assay. An in vitro T cell polarization assay was performed to investigate the role of proinflammatory cytokines in Treg cell polarization. In vivo Treg cell polarization analysis was performed using NEC mice treated with anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antibody. Findings A higher proportion of CCR9+ CD4+ T cells occurred in peripheral blood of both patients and mice with NEC than in controls. Elevated CCR9+ CD4+ T cells were primarily CCR9+ IL-17-producing Treg cells, possessing features of conventional Treg cells, but their suppressive activity was seriously impaired and negatively correlated with the severity of intestinal tissue injury. IL-6 promoted polarization of CCR9+ Treg cells to CCR9+ IL-17-producing Treg cells, and blocking IL-6 signalling inhibited this conversion in vitro and ameliorated experimental NEC in vivo. Interpretation Collectively, these data suggested that CCR9+ IL-17-producing Treg cells may be a biomarker of severity and highlight the possibility that antibodies targeting IL-6R could ameliorate NEC by modulating lymphocyte balance. Fund This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2017A020215100), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou, China (201704020086 and 201604020154), the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (A2017304 and A2014704), and the Social Science and Technology Development Foundation of Dongguan, China (2016108101037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitao Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Neonatology, the Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Neonatology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuping Ge
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 30899262 PMCID: PMC6416370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how and if the modulation of microbiota can prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) ameliorated the development of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE mice. We also showed that the loss of diversity of gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that three “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, L. reuteri treatment coordinately altered the relative abundance of these EAE-associated taxa. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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Oliveira AP, Souza LKM, Araújo TSL, Araújo SD, Nogueira KM, Sousa FBM, Silva RO, Pacífico DM, Martins CS, Brito GADC, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Protects against Gastric Damage Induced by Ethanol Administration in Mice: Role of TRPV1/Substance P Axis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010208. [PMID: 30669695 PMCID: PMC6356937 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM) on ethanol-induced gastric injury, and if its possible mechanism of action is related to inhibiting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We evaluated the effect of supplementing 10⁸ CFU•g body wt-1•day-1 of DSM on ethanol-induced gastric injury. DSM significantly reduced the ulcer area (1.940 ± 1.121 mm²) with 3 days of pretreatment. The effects of DSM supplementation were reversed by Resiniferatoxin (RTX), TRPV1 agonist (3 nmol/kg p.o.). Substance P (SP) (1 μmol/L per 20 g) plus 50% ethanol resulted in hemorrhagic lesions, and DSM supplementation did not reverse the lesion area induced by administering SP. TRPV1 staining intensity was lower, SP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were reduced, and restored normal levels of antioxidant parameters (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) in the gastric mucosa in mice treated with DSM. In conclusion, DSM exhibited gastroprotective activity through decreased expression of TRPV1 receptor and decreasing SP levels, with a consequent reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Luan K M Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Thiago S L Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Simone de Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Kerolayne M Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Francisca Beatriz M Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Renan O Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Dvison M Pacífico
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University Ceará, CEP 60430-170, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University Ceará, CEP 60430-170, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
| | - Gerly Anne de C Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University Ceará, CEP 60430-170, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Jand Venes R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, nº 2819, CEP 64202-02, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Alookaran JJ, Rhoads JM. Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1537. [PMID: 30340338 PMCID: PMC6213508 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been used to ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms since ancient times. Over the past 40 years, probiotics have been shown to impact the immune system, both in vivo and in vitro. This interaction is linked to gut microbes, their polysaccharide antigens, and key metabolites produced by these bacteria. At least four metabolic pathways have been implicated in mechanistic studies of probiotics, based on mechanistic studies in animal models. Microbial⁻immune system crosstalk has been linked to: short-chain fatty acid production and signaling, tryptophan metabolism and the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors, nucleoside signaling in the gut, and activation of the intestinal histamine-2 receptor. Several randomized controlled trials have now shown that microbial modification by probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms and multiorgan inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. Future work will need to carefully assess safety issues, selection of optimal strains and combinations, and attempts to prolong the duration of colonization of beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jane J Alookaran
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Liu Y, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Probiotics in Disease Prevention and Treatment. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58 Suppl 10:S164-S179. [PMID: 30248200 PMCID: PMC6656559 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Few treatments for human diseases have received as much investigation in the past 20 years as probiotics. In 2017, English-language meta-analyses totaling 52 studies determined the effect of probiotics on conditions ranging from necrotizing enterocolitis and colic in infants to constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy in adults. The strongest evidence in favor of probiotics lies in the prevention or treatment of 5 disorders: necrotizing enterocolitis, acute infectious diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and infant colic. Probiotic mechanisms of action include the inhibition of bacterial adhesion; enhanced mucosal barrier function; modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems (including induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells); secretion of bioactive metabolites; and regulation of the enteric and central nervous systems. Future research is needed to identify the optimal probiotic and dose for specific diseases, to address whether the addition of prebiotics (to form synbiotics) would enhance activity, and to determine if defined microbial communities would provide benefit exceeding that of single-species probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 Improved Expression of Genes of Tight Junction Proteins via the MLCK Pathway in IPEC-1 Cells during Infection with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6434910. [PMID: 30210262 PMCID: PMC6120278 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6434910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier damage disrupts immune homeostasis and leads to many intestinal disorders. Lactobacillus reuteri strains have probiotic functions in their modulation of the microbiota and immune system in intestines. In this study, the effects of L. reuteri LR1, a new strain isolated from the feces of weaning piglets, on intestinal epithelial barrier damage in IPEC-1 cells caused by challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 were examined. It was found that L. reuteri LR1, in large part, offset the ETEC K88-induced increase in permeability of IPEC-1 cell monolayers and decreased the adhesion and invasion of the coliform in IPEC-1 cells. In addition, L. reuteri LR1 increased transcript abundance and protein contents of tight junction (TJ) proteins zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in ETEC K88-infected IPEC-1 cells, whereas it had no effects on claudin-1 and F-actin expression. Using colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy, these effects of L. reuteri LR1 on ZO-1 and occludin content in IPEC-1 cells were confirmed. By using ML-7, a selective inhibitor of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), the beneficial effect of L. reuteri LR1 on contents of ZO-1 and occludin was shown to be dependent on the MLCK pathway. In conclusion, L. reuteri LR1 had beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function consistent with increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression via a MLCK-dependent manner in IPEC-1 cells during challenge with ETEC K88.
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Hoang TK, He B, Wang T, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G231-G240. [PMID: 29648878 PMCID: PMC6139641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00084.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It is unclear if preventing NEC by LR 17938 is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which is known to mediate proinflammatory responses to bacterial cell wall components. NEC was induced in newborn TLR2-/- or wild-type (WT) mice by the combination of gavage-feeding cow milk-based formula and exposure to hypoxia and cold stress. Treatment groups were administered formula supplemented with LR 17938 or placebo (deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe media). We observed that LR 17938 significantly reduced the incidence of NEC and reduced the percentage of activated effector CD4+T cells, while increasing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the intestinal mucosa of WT mice with NEC, but not in TLR2-/- mice. Dendritic cell (DC) activation by LR 17938 was mediated by TLR2. The percentage of tolerogenic DC in the intestine of WT mice was increased by LR 17938 treatment during NEC, a finding not observed in TLR2-/- mice. Furthermore, gut levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ were decreased after treatment with LR 17938 in WT mice but not in TLR2-/- mice. In conclusion, the combined in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that TLR2 receptors are involved in DC recognition and DC-priming of T cells to protect against NEC after oral administration of LR 17938. Our studies further clarify a major mechanism of probiotic LR 17938 action in preventing NEC by showing that neonatal immune modulation of LR 17938 is mediated by a mechanism requiring TLR2. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) has been shown to protect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates and in neonatal animal models. The role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) as a sensor for gram-positive probiotics, activating downstream anti-inflammatory responses is unclear. Our current studies examined TLR2 -/- mice subjected to experimental NEC and demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of LR 17938 are mediated via a mechanism requiring TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q. Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - J. Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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