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Morotti F, Aversa S, Barbieri F, Risso FM. Delayed episode of necrotising enterocolitis in an ex-preterm infant after intravitreal administration of low-dose ranibizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e259537. [PMID: 38839401 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) are complications of prematurity. Despite being quite different in terms of incidence, pathogenesis and consequences, both share a pathogenic role of aberrant vascularisation: increased in ROP, deficient for NEC. Current therapy for ROP includes the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, which are able to interrupt retinal hypervascularity. Despite being delivered intravitreously, anti-VEGF used in ROP can be absorbed into circulation and exert systemic effects. We present here a case of an ex-27 weeks gestational age infant, presenting multiple NEC risk factors, treated at 2 months of age with low-dose ranibizumab, who developed a large bowel NEC episode in the first week after treatment. We believe that this further report of an association between anti-VEGF agents and NEC could be interesting for the identification of children at risk of severe adverse events and stimulating further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morotti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Aversa
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Barbieri
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Risso
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Trivedi P, Myers T, Ray B, Allain M, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Amelioration of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice through Oral Administration of Palmitoylethanolamide. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1000. [PMID: 38790962 PMCID: PMC11117589 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders characterized by pain, ulceration, and the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and categorized into two major subtypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. The inflammation in UC is typically restricted to the mucosal surface, beginning in the rectum and extending through the entire colon. UC patients typically show increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to intestinal epithelial apoptosis and mucosal inflammation, which impair barrier integrity. Chronic inflammation is associated with the rapid recruitment and inappropriate retention of leukocytes at the site of inflammation, further amplifying the inflammation. While UC can be managed using a number of treatments, these drugs are expensive and cause unwanted side effects. Therefore, a safe and effective treatment for UC patients is needed. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and an analog of the endocannabinoid anandamine. PEA administration has been found to normalize intestinal GIT motility and reduce injury in rodents and humans. In the current study, we examined the efficacy of PEA encapsulated in phytosomes following oral administration in experimental ulcerative colitis. Here, we showed that PEA at a human-equivalent dose of 123 mg/kg (OD or BID) attenuated DSS-induced experimental colitis as represented by the reduction in clinical signs of colitis, reduction in gross mucosal injury, and suppression of leukocyte recruitment at inflamed venules. These findings add to the growing body of data demonstrating the beneficial effects of PEA to control the acute phase of intestinal inflammation occurring during UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Tanya Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Bithika Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Matthew Allain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (P.T.); (T.M.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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3
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Wang Y, Xie D, Ma S, Shao N, Zhang X, Wang X. Exploring the common mechanism of vascular dementia and inflammatory bowel disease: a bioinformatics-based study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347415. [PMID: 38736878 PMCID: PMC11084673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence has shown that gut diseases can regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems through dynamic bidirectional communication on the brain-gut axis. However, the specific mechanism of intestinal diseases and vascular dementia (VD) remains unclear. We designed this study especially, to further clarify the connection between VD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from bioinformatics analyses. Methods We downloaded Gene expression profiles for VD (GSE122063) and IBD (GSE47908, GSE179285) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then individual Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to confirm the connection between the two diseases respectively. The common differentially expressed genes (coDEGs) were identified, and the STRING database together with Cytoscape software were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and core functional modules. We identified the hub genes by using the Cytohubba plugin. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were applied to identify pathways of coDEGs and hub genes. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the diagnostic ability of these hub genes, and a training dataset was used to verify the expression levels of the hub genes. An alternative single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to analyze immune cell infiltration between coDEGs and immune cells. Finally, the correlation between hub genes and immune cells was analyzed. Results We screened 167 coDEGs. The main articles of coDEGs enrichment analysis focused on immune function. 8 shared hub genes were identified, including PTPRC, ITGB2, CYBB, IL1B, TLR2, CASP1, IL10RA, and BTK. The functional categories of hub genes enrichment analysis were mainly involved in the regulation of immune function and neuroinflammatory response. Compared to the healthy controls, abnormal infiltration of immune cells was found in VD and IBD. We also found the correlation between 8 shared hub genes and immune cells. Conclusions This study suggests that IBD may be a new risk factor for VD. The 8 hub genes may predict the IBD complicated with VD. Immune-related coDEGS may be related to their association, which requires further research to prove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daojun Xie
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shijia Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Britzen-Laurent N, Weidinger C, Stürzl M. Contribution of Blood Vessel Activation, Remodeling and Barrier Function to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065517. [PMID: 36982601 PMCID: PMC10051397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex etiology, which represent a clinical challenge due to their often therapy-refractory nature. In IBD, inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characterized by strong and sustained leukocyte infiltration, resulting in the loss of epithelial barrier function and subsequent tissue destruction. This is accompanied by the activation and the massive remodeling of mucosal micro-vessels. The role of the gut vasculature in the induction and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation is receiving increasing recognition. While the vascular barrier is considered to offer protection against bacterial translocation and sepsis after the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, endothelium activation and angiogenesis are thought to promote inflammation. The present review examines the respective pathological contributions of the different phenotypical changes observed in the microvascular endothelium during IBD, and provides an overview of potential vessel-specific targeted therapy options for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Chen Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang W, Wang J, He M, Shi B, Wang Y. VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxic function of CD4 + cytotoxic T cells via the VEGF-receptor 1/VEGF-receptor 2/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 36737819 PMCID: PMC9896805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) are CD4+ T cells with major histocompatibility complex-II-restricted cytotoxic function. Under pathologic conditions, CD4 CTLs hasten the development of autoimmune disease or viral infection by enhancing cytotoxicity. However, the regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs are not fully understood. METHODS To explore the potential regulators of the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs, bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and in-vitro stimulation and inhibition assays were performed. RESULTS In this study, we found that VEGF-A promoted the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through scRNA-seq and flow cytometry. Regarding the specific VEGF receptor (R) involved, VEGF-R1/R2 signaling was activated in CD4 CTLs with increased cytotoxicity, and the VEGF-A effects were inhibited when anti-VEGF-R1/R2 neutralizing antibodies were applied. Mechanistically, VEGF-A treatment activated the AKT/mTOR pathway in CD4 CTLs, and the increases of cytotoxic molecules induced by VEGF-A were significantly reduced when the AKT/mTOR pathway was inhibited. CONCLUSION In conclusion, VEGF-A enhances the cytotoxicity of CD4 CTLs through the VEGF-R1/VEGF-R2/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing insights for the development of novel treatments for disorders associated with CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- grid.452452.00000 0004 1757 9282Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingqian He
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Robilliard LD, Yu J, Anchan A, Finlay G, Angel CE, Graham ES. Comprehensive Assessment of Secreted Immuno-Modulatory Cytokines by Serum-Differentiated and Stem-like Glioblastoma Cells Reveals Distinct Differences between Glioblastoma Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214164. [PMID: 36430641 PMCID: PMC9692434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is refractory to therapy and presents a significant oncological challenge. Promising immunotherapies have not shown the promise observed in other aggressive cancers. The reasons for this include the highly immuno-suppressive tumour microenvironment controlled by the glioblastoma cells and heterogeneous phenotype of the glioblastoma cells. Here, we wanted to better understand which glioblastoma phenotypes produced the regulatory cytokines, particularly those that are implicated in shaping the immune microenvironment. In this study, we employed nanoString analysis of the glioblastoma transcriptome, and proteomic analysis (proteome profiler arrays and cytokine profiling) of secreted cytokines by different glioblastoma phenotypes. These phenotypes were cultured to reflect a spectrum of glioblastoma cells present in tumours, by culturing an enhanced stem-like phenotype of glioblastoma cells or a more differentiated phenotype following culture with serum. Extensive secretome profiling reveals that there is considerable heterogeneity in secretion patterns between serum-derived and glioblastoma stem-like cells, as well as between individuals. Generally, however, the serum-derived phenotypes appear to be the primary producers of cytokines associated with immune cell recruitment into the tumour microenvironment. Therefore, these glioblastoma cells have considerable importance in shaping the immune landscape in glioblastoma and represent a valuable therapeutic target that should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laverne D. Robilliard
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jane Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Akshata Anchan
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Finlay
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E. Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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Bonanni A, d’Aiello A, Pedicino D, Di Sario M, Vinci R, Ponzo M, Ciampi P, Lo Curto D, Conte C, Cribari F, Canonico F, Russo G, Montone RA, Trani C, Severino A, Crea F, Liuzzo G. Molecular Hallmarks of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: The "INOCA versus Obstructive CCS" Challenge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061711. [PMID: 35330036 PMCID: PMC8951436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 4 million patients with signs of myocardial ischemia have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The absence of precise guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in non-obstructive CAD encourages the scientific community to fill the gap knowledge, to provide non-invasive and less expensive diagnostic tools. The aim of our study was to explore the biological profile of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (INOCA) patients with microvascular dysfunction compared to patients presenting with obstructive chronic coronary syndrome (ObCCS) in order to find specific hallmarks of each clinical condition. We performed a gene expression array from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from INOCA (n = 18) and ObCCS (n = 20) patients. Our results showed a significantly reduced gene expression of molecules involved in cell adhesion, signaling, vascular motion, and inflammation in INOCA as compared to the ObCCS group. In detail, we found lower expression of Platelet and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31, p < 0.0001), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM1, p = 0.0004), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF p = 0.0003), Transferrin Receptor (TFRC, p = 0.002), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA, p = 0.0006) in the INOCA group compared with ObCCS. Meanwhile, we observed an increased expression of Hyaluronidase (HYAL2, p < 0.0001) in INOCA patients in comparison to ObCCS. The distinct expression of molecular biomarkers might allow an early and non-invasive differential diagnosis between ObCCS and INOCA, improving clinical management and treatment options, in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia d’Aiello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-4187
| | - Marianna Di Sario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Myriana Ponzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Pellegrino Ciampi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Denise Lo Curto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Cristina Conte
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Cribari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rocco Antonio Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Trani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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8
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Liu X, Fan Y, Du L, Mei Z, Fu Y. In Silico and In Vivo Studies on the Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine Formula (Gegen Qinlian Decoction) in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665102. [PMID: 34177580 PMCID: PMC8232523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a Chinese botanical formula, has exhibited beneficial efficacy against UC. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of GQD still remain to be elucidated. In this study, network pharmacology approach and molecular docking in silico were applied to uncover the potential multicomponent synergetic effect and molecular mechanisms. The targets of ingredients in GQD were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) database, while the UC targets were retrieved from Genecards, therapeutic target database (TTD) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The topological parameters of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) data were used to screen the hub targets in the network. The possible mechanisms were investigated with gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding affinity between the active compounds and hub targets. Network pharmacology analysis successfully identified 77 candidate compounds and 56 potential targets. The targets were further mapped to 20 related pathways to construct a compound-target-pathway network and an integrated network of GQD treating UC. Among these pathways, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, VEGF, Ras, and TNF signaling pathways may exert important effects in the treatment of UC via inflammation suppression and anti-carcinogenesis. In the animal experiment, treatment with GQD and sulfasalazine (SASP) both ameliorated inflammation in UC. The proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) induced by UC were significantly decreased by GQD and SASP. Moreover, the protein expression of EGFR, PI3K, and phosphorylation of AKT were reduced after GQD and SASP treatment, and there was no significance between the GQD group and SASP group. Our study systematically dissected the molecular mechanisms of GQD on the treatment of UC using network pharmacology, as well as uncovered the therapeutic effects of GQD against UC through ameliorating inflammation via downregulating EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Institute of Basic Theory for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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9
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Wang X, Chen S, Xiang H, Liang Z, Lu H. Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in vascular injury of inflammatory bowel disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2740-2749. [PMID: 33595873 PMCID: PMC7957208 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have an impact on the intestinal inflammation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by regulating lymphocyte migration and differentiation. S1PR modulators as an emerging therapeutic approach are being investigated for the treatment of IBD. However, the role of S1PRs in intestinal vessels has not drawn much attention. Intestinal vascular damage is one of the major pathophysiological features of IBD, characterized by increased vascular density and impaired barrier function. S1PRs have pleiotropic effects on vascular endothelial cells, including proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and barrier homeostasis. Mounting evidence shows that S1PRs are abnormally expressed on intestinal vascular endothelial cells in IBD. Unexpectedly, S1PR modulators may damage intestinal vasculature, for example increase intestinal bleeding; therefore, S1PRs are thought to be involved in the regulation of intestinal vascular function in IBD. However, little is understood about how S1PRs regulate intestinal vascular function and participate in the initiation and progression of IBD. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic role of S1PRs in and the underlying mechanisms behind the intestinal vascular injury in IBD in order for improving IBD practice including S1PR‐targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Wang L, Wang S, Xue A, Shi J, Zheng C, Huang Y. Thalidomide Inhibits Angiogenesis via Downregulation of VEGF and Angiopoietin-2 in Crohn's Disease. Inflammation 2020; 44:795-807. [PMID: 33206273 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and targeted treatment could alleviate the disease. Thalidomide is an effective drug in inflammatory bowel disease, which might be related to its multiple role in anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and anti-angiogenesis. This study is to investigate the effect of thalidomide on angiogenesis in tissues from patients and in vitro cells. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), VEGF, and CD31 expressions in intestinal mucosa from pediatric CD patients before and after thalidomide treatment were measured by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were performed to characterize the change of angiogenic factors before and after treatment in remission. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated by thalidomide were used to examine its effect on endothelial cell proliferation and migration and capillary-like structures. Results showed that VEGF and Ang-2 levels were significantly greater in CD patients over controls. Thalidomide produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang-2 and VEGF, along with a decrease in mRNA expression of Ang-2. While, Ang-1 level did not show a statistically significant change. Thalidomide significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It also suppressed VEGF- and Ang-2-induced cell migration and capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs. Therefore, our study suggests that VEGF and Ang-2 levels are up-regulated in pediatric CD patients. It also indicated that thalidomide can be able to deactivate endothelium by the downregulation effect on angiogenic factors by targeting VEGF and Ang-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Zhang LF, Ren KW, Zuo L, Zou JG, Song NH, Mi YY, Wang ZJ, Zhang W. VEGF gene rs3025039C/T and rs833052C/A variants are associated with bladder cancer risk in Asian descendants. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10402-10412. [PMID: 30609111 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene were evaluated in a number of studies to evaluate bladder cancer (BCa) susceptibility but with controversial conclusions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a pooled analysis and used odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to investigate the correlation between VEGF gene rs3025039C/T and rs833052C/A variants and risk of BCa. Furthermore, we utilized in silico tools to demonstrate the relationship of VEGF expression correlated with BCa susceptibility and survival time. RESULTS A total of eight studies including 4359 BCa patients and 5417 control subjects were enrolled in our study. For VEGF rs3025039C/T, a significant association was indicated between this variant and BCa risk in homozygote comparison (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.13-2.02; P heterogeneity = 0.815) and recessive genetic model (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.12-1.99; P heterogeneity = 0.874), in particular in an Asian population subgroup. For VEGF rs833052C/A, we observed a positive association between this variant and BCa susceptibility in Asian descendants. Results from in silico tool showed evidence that VEGF expression in bladder carcinoma tissue is higher than that in normal counterpart (transcripts per kilobase million = 7.21 vs 6.85; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The VEGF gene rs3025039C/T and rs833052C/A variants may contribute to the risk of developing BCa, especially in Asian descendants. Future larger sample studies should be continued to focus on this issue in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeng-Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Georganaki M, van Hooren L, Dimberg A. Vascular Targeting to Increase the Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3081. [PMID: 30627131 PMCID: PMC6309238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting natural immunity against malignant cells has had a major breakthrough in clinical cancer therapy. This is mainly due to the successful development of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, which release a break on cytolytic anti-tumor-directed T-lymphocytes. However, immune checkpoint blockade is only effective for a proportion of cancer patients, and a major challenge in the field is to understand and overcome treatment resistance. Immune checkpoint blockade relies on successful trafficking of tumor-targeted T-lymphocytes from the secondary lymphoid organs, through the blood stream and into the tumor tissue. Resistance to therapy is often associated with a low density of T-lymphocytes residing within the tumor tissue prior to treatment. The recruitment of leukocytes to the tumor tissue relies on up-regulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines by the tumor vasculature, which is denoted as endothelial activation. Tumor vessels are often poorly activated due to constitutive pro-angiogenic signaling in the tumor microenvironment, and therefore constitute barriers to efficient leukocyte recruitment. An emerging possibility to enhance the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy is to combine pro-inflammatory drugs with anti-angiogenic therapy, which can enable tumor-targeted T-lymphocytes to access the tumor tissue by relieving endothelial anergy and increasing adhesion molecule expression. This would pave the way for efficient immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we review the current understanding of the biological basis of endothelial anergy within the tumor microenvironment, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of combining vascular targeting with immunotherapeutic drugs as suggested by data from key pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Salem HA, Wadie W. Effect of Niacin on Inflammation and Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7139. [PMID: 28769047 PMCID: PMC5541000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate and niacin are produced by gut microbiota, however butyrate has received most attention for its effects on colonic health. The present study aimed at exploring the effect of niacin on experimental colitis as well as throwing some light on the ability of niacin to modulate angiogenesis which plays a crucial role of in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Rats were given niacin for 2 weeks. On day 8, colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of iodoacetamide. Rats were sacrificed on day 15 and colonic damage was assessed macroscopically and histologically. Colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiostatin and endostatin levels were determined. Niacin attenuated the severity of colitis as demonstrated by a decrease in weight loss, colonic wet weight and MPO activity. Iodoacetamide-induced rise in the colonic levels of TNF-α, VEGF, angiostatin and endostatin was reversed by niacin. Moreover, niacin normalized IL-10 level in colon. Mepenzolate bromide, a GPR109A receptor blocker, abolished the beneficial effects of niacin on body weight, colon wet weight as well as colonic levels of MPO and VEGF. Therefore, niacin was effective against iodoacetamide-induced colitis through ameliorating pathologic angiogenesis and inflammatory changes in a GPR109A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Aly Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Al-Kofahi M, Yun JW, Minagar A, Alexander JS. Anatomy and roles of lymphatics in inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Kofahi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - J. Winny Yun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport; Shreveport LA USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport; Shreveport LA USA
| | - J. Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport; Shreveport LA USA
- Department of Neurology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport; Shreveport LA USA
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15
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Rancier M, Zaaber I, Stathopoulou MG, Chatelin J, Saleh A, Marmouch H, El Shamieh S, Masson C, Murray H, Lamont J, Fitzgerald P, Mahjoub S, Said K, Tensaout BBHJ, Mestiri S, Visvikis-Siest S. Pro- and anti-angiogenic VEGF mRNAs in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:366-372. [PMID: 27494076 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1199019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between five different splice isoforms of VEGF mRNA and its plasma levels in individuals treated for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD); mainly Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In a population from Tunisia, levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies were quantified simultaneously with plasma VEGF and VEGF mRNA isoforms after a period of 6 months of patients' treatment. Plasma VEGF was measured in 110 AITD patients (21 GD and 89 HT patients). VEGF isoforms (VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF145 and VEGF189 pro-angiogenic isoforms and VEGF165b anti-angiogenic isoform) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified in 71 patients (20 GD and 51 HT patients) and 86 healthy controls. Decreased levels of VEGF189 mRNA were observed in AITD compared to controls. VEGF165 was increased in GD patients compared to controls and the VEGF165b was increased in HT patients compared to GD. We observed increased levels of VEGF165b in hypothyroid AITD patients after treatment. We have also shown that the VEGF145 isoform levels were determined by FT4 in all patients and by the thyroid status after 6 months of treatment only in HT patients. An association was observed for VEGF165 mRNA levels with anti-TPO antibodies in all patients. Finally, FT4 was associated with VEGF plasma levels but only in healthy controls. In conclusion, this descriptive study highlights the specificity of VEGF mRNA isoforms in AITD, a fact underlining the need for novel clinical trials and the development of personalised theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rancier
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France.,b Department of Endocrinology , Centre Hospitalier Robert Schuman , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ines Zaaber
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France.,c Laboratory of Genetics , Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Maria G Stathopoulou
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Jérôme Chatelin
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France.,d Department of Endocrinology and Medical Gynecology , CHU Nancy-Brabois , Nancy , France
| | - Abdelsalam Saleh
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Héla Marmouch
- e Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology , Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba in Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Said El Shamieh
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Christine Masson
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Mahjoub
- e Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology , Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba in Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- c Laboratory of Genetics , Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Besma Bel Haj Jrad Tensaout
- c Laboratory of Genetics , Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Souhir Mestiri
- c Laboratory of Genetics , Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization, Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- a UMR INSERM U1122, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France.,g Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , CHU Nancy-Brabois , Nancy , France
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16
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Sarnelli G, D’Alessandro A, Iuvone T, Capoccia E, Gigli S, Pesce M, Seguella L, Nobile N, Aprea G, Maione F, de Palma GD, Cuomo R, Steardo L, Esposito G. Palmitoylethanolamide Modulates Inflammation-Associated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling via the Akt/mTOR Pathway in a Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR-α)-Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156198. [PMID: 27219328 PMCID: PMC4878779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Angiogenesis is emerging as a pivotal process in chronic inflammatory pathologies, promoting immune infiltration and prompting carcinogenesis. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) represent paradigmatic examples of intestinal chronic inflammatory conditions in which the process of neovascularization correlates with the severity and progression of the diseases. Molecules able to target the angiogenesis have thus the potential to synergistically affect the disease course. Beyond its anti-inflammatory effect, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is able to reduce angiogenesis in several chronic inflammatory conditions, but no data about its anti-angiogenic activity in colitis have been produced, yet. METHODS The effects of PEA on inflammation-associated angiogenesis in mice with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and in patients with UC were assessed. The release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), the hemoglobin tissue content, the expression of CD31 and of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis were all evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of PEA and concomitant administration of PPAR-α and -γ antagonists. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that PEA, in a selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α dependent mechanism, inhibits colitis-associated angiogenesis, decreasing VEGF release and new vessels formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the mTOR/Akt axis regulates, at least partly, the angiogenic process in IBD and that PEA directly affects this pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PEA may improve inflammation-driven angiogenesis in colonic mucosa, thus reducing the mucosal damage and potentially affecting disease progression and the shift towards the carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Alessandro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Iuvone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Capoccia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gigli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Nobile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aprea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘Vittorio Erspamer’, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Zaaber I, Rancier M, Stathopoulou MG, Saleh A, Marmouch H, Masson C, Murray H, Kurth MJ, Lamont J, Fitzgerald P, Mahjoub S, Said K, Bel Hadj Jrad Tensaout B, Mestiri S, Visvikis-Siest S. Plasma VEGF-related polymorphisms are implied in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:229-35. [PMID: 26955881 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2016.1151005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), are complex multifactorial diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. Our aim was to elucidate the relationships between plasma VEGF levels and four genome-wide association study-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to VEGF with AITD in Tunisian patients. A total of 364 healthy controls and 389 patients with AITD were genotyped for the SNPs rs6921438, rs4416670, rs6993770 and rs10738760. Levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies were quantified simultaneously with plasma VEGF after a period of six months of treatment. We found that the minor alleles of rs10738760 and rs6921438 are associated with the presence of GD. A allele of rs10738760 polymorphism is associated with increased plasma levels of free tri-iodothyronin (FT3) while no relationship was found with circulating VEGF plasma levels after six months of treatment. We also showed that the T allele of rs4416670 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of hyperthyroidism in patients treated for six months, independently of their initial diagnosis. There was no significant association between the SNPs and the risk for HT compared with controls. This study shows that AITD are influenced by 3 SNPs linked to VEGF circulating levels. Whereas rs10738760 appeared specific to GD and FT3 production after six months of treatment, rs6921438 and rs4416670 were implicated in the risk for GD. This study opens new ways to test pharmacogenomics concepts in the future especially in GD in which recurrence prognosis is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zaaber
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France .,b Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization , Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Marc Rancier
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France .,c Department of Endocrinology , Centre Hospitalier Robert Schuman , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Maria G Stathopoulou
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Abdelsalam Saleh
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Héla Marmouch
- d Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology , Hospital FattoumaBourguiba in Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Christine Masson
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | | | | | - John Lamont
- e Randox Laboratories Ltd , Crumlin , UK , and
| | | | - Selvia Mahjoub
- d Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology , Hospital FattoumaBourguiba in Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- b Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization , Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Besma Bel Hadj Jrad Tensaout
- b Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization , Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Souhir Mestiri
- b Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Bioresource Valorization , Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- a UMR INSERM U1122; Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France .,f Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , CHU Nancy-Brabois , France
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Urinary tract infection during pregnancy, angiogenic factor profiles, and risk of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:387.e1-7. [PMID: 26450405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research, and much progress in discernment of biomarkers in the maternal circulation, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains elusive. The pathophysiology of PE is believed to involve aberrant placentation and an associated increase in systemic inflammation. In this conceptualization, PE becomes more likely when the level of systemic inflammatory burden inherent in pregnancy itself exceeds the maternal capacity to compensate for this additional stress. If this is the case, then it is possible to hypothesize that conditions, such as infectious disease, that increase systemic inflammatory burden should also increase the risk of PE. As urinary tract infection (UTI) represents a common source of inflammation during pregnancy, we tested whether presence of UTI during pregnancy increased the odds of developing PE. Prior work has documented this association. However many of these studies were limited by small cohort sizes and insufficient control for covariates. OBJECTIVE The present study is a secondary analysis of a robust contemporary obstetrical cohort recruited to examine the ability of longitudinally sampled maternal angiogenic concentrations to predict PE. We hypothesize that the occurrence of UTI during a pregnancy is associated with the later occurrence of PE in that pregnancy. As PE is believed to be associated with aberrations in systemic angiogenic levels (placental growth factor and soluble isoform of VEGF receptor), we further hypothesize that there will be significant interactions between maternal angiogenic protein levels and the occurrence of UTI. STUDY DESIGN Women aged ≥18 years (n = 2607) were recruited and followed up prospectively from the initiation of prenatal care through delivery at 3 regional academic centers. PE was defined by American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria and was independently validated by a panel of physicians. UTI was defined by the presence of clinical symptoms necessitating treatment in addition to supportive laboratory evidence. Multivariate logistic regression models were used and controlled for maternal age, race, parity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, in vitro fertilization, and smoking status. RESULTS There were 129 women with diagnosed UTIs and 235 with PE. Patients with UTI in pregnancy had higher rates of PE (31.1% vs 7.8%, P < .001) compared to those without reported UTI. The mean gestational age (SD) for UTI diagnosis in PE cases and controls was 25.6 (10.4) and 21.9 (10.9) weeks, respectively (P = .08). The unadjusted odds ratio for PE in the setting of UTI was 5.29 (95% confidence interval, 3.54-7.89). After controlling for confounders, UTI was associated with an odds ratio for PE of 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-5.1). CONCLUSION Presence of UTI in pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, is strongly associated with PE. This association supports the hypothesis that the risk of PE is enhanced by an increased maternal inflammatory burden. Prophylaxis against UTI represents a potentially low-cost global intervention to slow or halt the development of PE.
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Church JA, Nyamako L, Olupot-Olupot P, Maitland K, Urban BC. Increased adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 in children with acute intestinal injury. Malar J 2016; 15:54. [PMID: 26830671 PMCID: PMC4736236 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe malaria are at increased risk of invasive bacterial disease particularly infection with enteric gram-negative organisms. These organisms are likely to originate from the gut, however, how and why they breach the intestinal interface in the context of malaria infection remains unclear. One explanation is that accumulation of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the intestinal microvasculature contributes to tissue damage and subsequent microbial translocation which can be addressed through investigation of the impact of cytoadhesion in patients with malaria and intestinal damage. METHODS Using a static adhesion assay, cytoadhesion of iRBCs was quantified in 48 children with malaria to recombinant proteins constitutively expressed on endothelial cell surfaces. Cytoadhesive phenotypes between children with and without biochemical evidence of intestinal damage [defined as endotoxemia or elevated plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] was compared. RESULTS The majority of parasites demonstrated binding to the endothelial receptors CD36 and to a lesser extent to ICAM-1. Reduced adhesion to CD36 but not adhesion to ICAM-1 or rosetting was associated with malarial anaemia (p = 0.004). Increased adhesion of iRBCs to ICAM-1 in children who had evidence of elevated I-FABP (p = 0.022), a marker of intestinal ischaemia was observed. There was no correlation between the presence of endotoxemia and increased adhesion to any of the recombinant proteins. CONCLUSION Increased parasite adhesion to ICAM-1 in children with evidence of intestinal ischaemia lends further evidence to a link between the cytoadherence of iRBCs in gut microvasculature and intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Church
- Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. .,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Lydia Nyamako
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Peter Olupot-Olupot
- Mbale Regional Referral Hospital Clinical Research Unit (MCRU), Mbale, Uganda. .,Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mbale Campus, Mbale, Uganda.
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Wellcome Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Britta C Urban
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Identification and characterization of VEGF-A-responsive neutrophils expressing CD49d, VEGFR1, and CXCR4 in mice and humans. Blood 2015; 126:2016-26. [PMID: 26286848 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-631572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is upregulated during hypoxia and is the major regulator of angiogenesis. VEGF-A expression has also been found to recruit myeloid cells to ischemic tissues where they contribute to angiogenesis. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment to VEGF-A as well as the characteristics of these neutrophils. A previously undefined circulating subset of neutrophils shown to be CD49d(+)VEGFR1(high)CXCR4(high) was identified in mice and humans. By using chimeric mice with impaired VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) or VEGFR2 signaling (Flt-1tk(-/-), tsad(-/-)), we found that parallel activation of VEGFR1 on neutrophils and VEGFR2 on endothelial cells was required for VEGF-A-induced recruitment of circulating neutrophils to tissue. Intravital microscopy of mouse microcirculation revealed that neutrophil recruitment by VEGF-A versus by the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2 [CXCL2]) involved the same steps of the recruitment cascade but that an additional neutrophil integrin (eg, VLA-4 [CD49d/CD29]) played a crucial role in neutrophil crawling and emigration to VEGF-A. Isolated CD49d(+) neutrophils featured increased chemokinesis but not chemotaxis compared with CD49d(-) neutrophils in the presence of VEGF-A. Finally, by targeting the integrin α4 subunit (CD49d) in a transplantation-based angiogenesis model that used avascular pancreatic islets transplanted to striated muscle, we demonstrated that inhibiting the recruitment of circulating proangiogenic neutrophils to hypoxic tissue impairs vessel neoformation. Thus, angiogenesis can be modulated by targeting cell-surface receptors specifically involved in VEGF-A-dependent recruitment of proangiogenic neutrophils without compromising recruitment of the neutrophil population involved in the immune response to pathogens.
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Huang H, Langenkamp E, Georganaki M, Loskog A, Fuchs PF, Dieterich LC, Kreuger J, Dimberg A. VEGF suppresses T-lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment through inhibition of NF-κB-induced endothelial activation. FASEB J 2014; 29:227-38. [PMID: 25361735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic treatment targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is in clinical use, but its effect on vascular function and the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. Here, we investigate cross-talk between VEGF and proinflammatory TNF-α signaling in endothelial cells and its impact on leukocyte recruitment. We found that cotreatment with VEGF decreased TNF-α-induced Jurkat cell adhesion to human microvascular endothelial cells by 40%. This was associated with inhibition of TNF-α-mediated regulation of 86 genes, including 2 T-lymphocyte-attracting chemokines, CXCL10 and CXCL11 [TNF-α concentration 1 ng/ml; 50% inhibition/inhibitory concentration (IC50) VEGF, 3 ng/ml]. Notably, VEGF directly suppressed TNF-α-induced gene expression through negative cross-talk with the NF-κB-signaling pathway, leading to an early decrease in IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) expression and reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-Stat1) at later times. Inhibition of VEGF signaling in B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice by sunitinib treatment resulted in up-regulation of CXCL10 and CXCL11 in tumor vessels, accompanied by up to 18-fold increased infiltration of CD3(+) T-lymphocytes in B16 tumors. Our results demonstrate a novel role of VEGF in negative regulation of NF-κB signaling and endothelial activation in the tumor microenvironment and provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of VEGF signaling enhances T-lymphocyte recruitment through up-regulation of chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elise Langenkamp
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Georganaki
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peder Fredlund Fuchs
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Kreuger
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- *Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Linares PM, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Angiopoietins in inflammation and their implication in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. A review. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:183-90. [PMID: 23859759 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietins are essential angiogenic mediators. Since inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves inflammation, ulceration and regeneration of the intestinal mucosa, the angiopoietin system has been proposed as a factor to maintain pathological angiogenesis during the development of the IBD. AIM To review the potential role of angiopoietins in the inflammation driven by angiogenesis during the course of the IBD. METHODS Publications were identified by PubMed searches using the following key words: angiopoietin; Tie-2 receptor; angiogenesis; inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation, in various combinations. RESULTS Angiopoietin-1 acts as a regulator of blood vessel maturation and has anti-inflammatory properties, whereas angiopoietin-2 marks the onset of angiogenesis and is required for normal formation of lymph vessels. Both angiopoietins make use of their angiogenic regulatory effects via the angiopoietin tyrosine-kinase receptor (Tie-2). While angiogenesis has been shown to promote and sustain many events of inflammation, the involvement of the angiopoietin system in IBD has been reported in few studies. It is not clear whether the angiopoietins' role in the development of intestinal inflammation is due to an imbalance in the levels of these proteins or this system exerts its pro-angiogenic properties through a different mechanism during the close-loop relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Angiopoietins have key functions in the angiogenic process, and their abnormal activation might depend on their surrounding inflamed environment. The determination of these angiogenic factors in serum and tissue could be useful for monitoring IBD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Linares
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain.
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain
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Cromer WE, Ganta CV, Patel M, Traylor J, Kevil CG, Alexander JS, Mathis JM. VEGF-A isoform modulation in an preclinical TNBS model of ulcerative colitis: protective effects of a VEGF164b therapy. J Transl Med 2013; 11:207. [PMID: 24020796 PMCID: PMC3848761 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease in the USA. A key component of UC is the increase in inflammatory angiogenesis of the colon during active disease. This increase is driven to a great extent by the over expression of VEGF-A. Recently, VEGF165(b) (VEGF164(b) in mouse), an anti-angiogenic form of VEGF-A was described and its regulation was determined to be disturbed in many pathologies such as cancer and pre-eclampsia. RESULTS The aims of this study were to examine the role of this inhibitory VEGF by expressing this molecule in a model of intestinal inflammation, and to evaluate its expression as a potential new therapeutic approach for treating UC. A modified model of TNBS colitis was used to determine the effects of rVEGF164(b) expression on colon inflammation. Expansion of the vascular system was assessed by immunhistochemical methods and macro- and microscopic measurements of inflammation in the colon were measured. Leukocyte invasion of the tissue was measured by myeloperoxidase assay and identification and counting of lymphoid follicles. Both angio- and lymphangiogenesis were reduced by expression of rVEGF164(b), which correlated with reduction in both gross and microscopic inflammatory scores. Leukocyte invasion of the tissue was also reduced by rVEGF164(b) expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report using an endogenous inhibitory VEGF-A isoform for therapy in a model of experimental colitis. Inhibitory VEGF molecules play an important role in maintenance of gut homeostasis and may be dysregulated in UC. The results of this study suggest that restoration of rVEGF164(b) expression has anti-inflammatory activity in a TNBS model and warrants further examination as a possible therapeutic for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Cromer
- Gene Therapy Program, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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Villalta SA, Lang J, Kubeck S, Kabre B, Szot GL, Calderon B, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Brekken RA, Pullen N, Arch RH, Bluestone JA. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 reverses type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by abrogating insulitis and restoring islet function. Diabetes 2013; 62:2870-8. [PMID: 23835340 PMCID: PMC3717875 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in multiple cell types during chronic inflammation is indicative of their pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. Among the many RTKs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) stands out for its multiple effects on immunity, vascularization, and cell migration. Herein, we examined whether VEGFR participated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. We found that RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) and VEGF or VEGFR-2 antibodies reversed diabetes when administered at the onset of hyperglycemia. Increased VEGF expression promoted islet vascular remodeling in NOD mice, and inhibition of VEGFR activity with RTKIs abrogated the increase in islet vascularity, impairing T-cell migration into the islet and improving glucose control. Metabolic studies confirmed that RTKIs worked by preserving islet function, as treated mice had improved glucose tolerance without affecting insulin sensitivity. Finally, examination of human pancreata from patients with T1D revealed that VEGFR-2 was confined to the islet vascularity, which was increased in inflamed islets. Collectively, this work reveals a previously unappreciated role for VEGFR-2 signaling in the pathogenesis of T1D by controlling T-cell accessibility to the pancreatic islets and highlights a novel application of VEGFR-2 antagonists for the therapeutic treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Armando Villalta
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiena Lang
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Samantha Kubeck
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Beniwende Kabre
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory L. Szot
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Boris Calderon
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and Department of Pharmacology, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nick Pullen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert H. Arch
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Gardlik R, Bartonova A, Celec P. Therapeutic DNA vaccination and RNA interference in inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:492-6. [PMID: 23708293 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in numerous diseases. Recently, dysbalanced angiogenesis was found to be a component of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic strategy that alleviates the inflammation and clinical outcomes of IBD. Bacteria act as vectors for the delivery of therapeutic sequences, a process that is particularly suitable in IBD, due to the natural occurrence of bacteria in gut. The main focus of the present study was the application of bacterial gene therapy in the modulation of angiogenesis in IBD. As a target molecule we used the main proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bacterial strain Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 was used as a gene delivery vector for oral application. DNA vaccination and RNA interference were examined and their efficiency in improving the course of the disease in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice was compared. The two approaches yielded similar beneficial results in evaluation of the disease activity parameters (stool consistency, weight loss and colon length) as well as VEGF expression and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Improvement in all of the parameters compared with the control groups not treated by therapeutic bacterial strains was also observed. All the bacterial groups showed similar improvement in histopathological scoring. Results of this study are consistent with the literature and provide a basis for additional studies on the modulation of angiogenesis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gardlik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
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New frontiers of MRI in Crohn's disease: motility imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, molecular imaging, and hybrid imaging (PET/MRI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 37:974-82. [PMID: 22743838 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the latest diagnostic advances in the evaluation of the CD, including functional studies on intestinal motility and molecular characterization of the inflammatory process at the level of the involved bowel. Molecular changes related to inflammation of the intestinal wall may be evaluated by different MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion weighted imaging, in vivo spectroscopy, molecular imaging, and fusion imaging (PET-MRI).
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation in experimental colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:982383. [PMID: 23766568 PMCID: PMC3671540 DOI: 10.1155/2013/982383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), naturally secreted from various strains of Bacillus, has anti-inflammatory activity. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation is promoted and sustained by angiogenesis; however, the role played by γ-PGA in this condition is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated γ-PGA effects on angiogenesis and inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mouse colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by administering 3% DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), histopathological scores, microvascular density, myeloperoxidase activity, and VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expression were compared among control mice, DSS-treated mice, and mice receiving 3% DSS along with γ-PGA at 50 mg/kg body weight per day or 3% DSS with γ-PGA at 200 mg/kg body weight per day. We found that γ-PGA significantly attenuated weight loss, DAI, and colon shortening. γ-PGA also significantly reduced histopathological evidence of injury. Moreover, γ-PGA significantly attenuated DSS-induced blood vessel densities. Furthermore, γ-PGA attenuated DSS-induced expression of VEGF-A and its receptor, VEGFR2. In addition, γ-PGA treatment led to reduced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed colon. Therefore, our results indicate that γ-PGA has potential application in conditions marked by inflammatory-driven angiogenesis and mucosal inflammation.
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Chen C, Yu CG. Effect of vascular endothelial cells on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:585-590. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i7.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are a group of chronic recurrent intestinal autoimmune diseases characterized by intestinal chronic intestinal inflammation. The important characteristics of persistent intestinal inflammation in IBD are the aggregation of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa. Functional alternations of immune cells and intestinal microvascular endothelial cells play an important role in the mucosal immunity and intestinal function. Moreover, alternation of the structure and function of microvascular endothelial cells can regulate the migration of immune cells, blood supply and homeostasis of intestinal tissue. Endothelial cells in newly formed vessels can induce tissue injury by regulating the recruitment of blood cells and inflammatory mediators to maintain the inflammatory reaction.
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Jaiswal PK, Tripathi N, Shukla A, Mittal RD. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor gene with bladder cancer risk. Med Oncol 2013; 30:509. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Patel M, Olinde J, Tatum A, Ganta CV, Cromer WE, Sheth AR, Jennings MH, Mathis JM, Testerman T, Jordan PA, Manas K, Monceaux CP, Alexander JS. Gut sterilization in experimental colitis leukocyte mediated colon injury, and effects on angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms increase the risk of developing Graves' disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:133-7. [PMID: 22771446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is a consequence of genetic and environmental factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong angiogenic and mitogenic factor, which plays a key role in lymphocyte infiltration, and hypervascularization in the thyroid gland of patients with GD. AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between GD and A-2578C, T-460C and G+405C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGF gene, as well as to evaluate whether there are any relationships between genotypes and some clinical/laboratory parameters of GD. METHODS We analyzed the genotype and allele distributions of the above mentioned SNPs in 167 patients with established GD diagnosis and 203 healthy controls by real-time PCR combined with melting curve analysis using fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes. RESULTS The distribution of VEGF A-2578C and T-460C genotypes and allele frequencies in control and GD groups were not significantly different. With regard to the +405 polymorphism, the frequency of C allele was 1.8-fold increased in GD patients compared to controls, and the CC genotype was associated with a 4.6-fold increased disease risk. There was no relationship between some clinical/laboratory parameters with G+405C polymorphism. However, in -2578C allele carrying GD patients the anti-thyroid antibody levels were increased according to wild homozygous. Additionally, -2578C and -460T alleles were related with early (at age before 40) disease onset. CONCLUSION VEGF +405 polymorphism may be a risk factor for GD, while the -2578 SNP is related with increased autoantibody production.
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Li S, Chen X, Wu T, Zhang M, Zhang X, Ji Z. Role of heparin on serum VEGF levels and local VEGF contents in reducing the severity of experimental severe acute pancreatitis in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:237-44. [PMID: 22214372 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.647063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prophylactic heparin treatment during taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats and its impact on serum VEGF levels and local VEGF contents within the pancreas. METHODS Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Heparin at a dose of 150 IU/kg s.c. was administered 30 min before the operation. The rats were sacrificed 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h (n = 5 per time point) after the onset of pancreatitis. The severity of pancreatitis, serum VEGF levels and local VEGF contents were evaluated with and without heparin pretreatment. RESULTS The serum VEGF levels increased at an early phase of pancreatitis, and the highest level was found at 12 h after inducing pancreatitis. The gray value of the local VEGF showed a remarkable increase from the onset of the pancreatitis. However, the gray value of VEGF did not show an increase over time but maintained a high level during the entire process. Prophylactic heparin treatment significantly improved the morphologic changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities. Meanwhile, it decreased the serum VEGF levels and the contents of VEGF within the pancreatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that prophylactic heparin ameliorates the severity of taurocholate-induced pancreatitis via its anti-inflammatory properties. These protective effects may be partly due to decreasing serum VEGF levels and VEGF contents within the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunle Li
- First Department of General Surgery, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR, China
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Chernoguz A, Crawford K, Vandersall A, Rao M, Willson T, Denson LA, Frischer JS. Pretreatment with anti-VEGF therapy may exacerbate inflammation in experimental acute colitis. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:347-54. [PMID: 22325388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our previous investigations of angiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade reduced colonic neovascularization and inflammation. We hypothesized that pretreatment with bevacizumab, a monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody, would attenuate the severity of angiogenesis and inflammation in a murine model of colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of bevacizumab (250 μg/dose) before induction of colitis with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The colons were examined at predetermined time points. Colonic inflammation and microvessel density were assessed microscopically. RESULTS All mice acutely developed melena and weight loss (18.8% ± 1.1% control vs 20.2% ± 1.1% treated, P = .37) and regained a similar weight percentage after the recovery (26.5% ± 4.0% vs 20.9% ± 4.4%, P = .37). Microvessel density acutely increased in both groups in response to DSS, with a trend toward inhibited angiogenesis in the treated group at the conclusion of the acute phase (194,100 ± 14,240 vs 149,400 ± 17,590 μm(2), P = .11). Bevacizumab-treated mice exhibited significantly increased inflammation after the acute phase (8.3 ± 0.8 vs 13.0 ± 2.0, P = .05), but were similar to control after the recovery (7.3 ± 1.5 vs 5.5 ± 1.0, P = .27). CONCLUSIONS Preemptive VEGF inhibition does not significantly attenuate angiogenesis and, in fact, worsens inflammation in a model of acute colitis. Preventive VEGF blockade may disrupt healing and exacerbate injury via alternative angiogenic or inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Chernoguz
- Division of Pediatric General & Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Amarbayasgalan T, Takahashi H, Dekio I, Morita E. Content of vascular endothelial growth factor in stratum corneum well correlates to local severity of acute inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 157:251-8. [PMID: 22042099 DOI: 10.1159/000327556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease, characterized by existence of both acute and chronic eczema. Various markers are used to clinically evaluate the severity of AD as a whole. However, little is known regarding markers that can efficiently indicate the severity of a localized lesion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent activator of vascular permeability, is known to be increased in AD lesions. In order to establish whether the VEGF content in the stratum corneum (scVEGF) can be used as a marker to evaluate severity of AD lesions, we evaluated the association between scVEGF and symptom scores of localized lesions. METHODS Fifty patients with AD and 12 healthy subjects were enrolled. Skin lesions were evaluated and transepidermal water loss and skin water content of the lesions were measured. Stratum corneum samples were collected from the skin of back, neck and arm by the tape stripping technique. The scVEGF were evaluated using a VEGF-specific ELISA method after extracting protein from the scales. RESULTS The scVEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with AD than in healthy controls. Moreover, the scVEGF levels highly correlated with the manifestation scores of erythema and edema/papulation, and weakly correlated with the scores of excoriation, xerosis and itch. They also correlated significantly with transepidermal water loss and skin water content. CONCLUSIONS The scVEGF levels correlated well with the severity of clinical conditions, especially erythema and edema/papulation. scVEGF level is considered to be a useful marker to evaluate acute inflammatory conditions in individual AD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tseveendorj Amarbayasgalan
- Clinic for Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Dharmani P, Leung P, Chadee K. Tumor necrosis factor-α and Muc2 mucin play major roles in disease onset and progression in dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25058. [PMID: 21949848 PMCID: PMC3176316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequential events and the inflammatory mediators that characterize disease onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) are not well known. In this study, we evaluated the early pathologic events in the pathogenesis of colonic ulcers in rats treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Following a lag phase, day 5 of DSS treatment was found clinically most critical as disease activity index (DAI) exhibited an exponential rise with severe weight loss and rectal bleeding. Surprisingly, on days 1-2, colonic TNF-α expression (70-80-fold) and tissue protein (50-fold) were increased, whereas IL-1β only increased on days 7-9 (60-90-fold). Days 3-6 of DSS treatment were characterized by a prominent down regulation in the expression of regulatory cytokines (40-fold for IL-10 and TGFβ) and mucin genes (15-18 fold for Muc2 and Muc3) concomitant with depletion of goblet cell and adherent mucin. Remarkably, treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody markedly altered DSS injury with reduced DAI, restoration of the adherent and goblet cell mucin and IL-1β and mucin gene expression. We conclude that early onset colitis is dependent on TNF-α that preceded depletion of adherent and goblet cell mucin prior to epithelial cell damage and these biomarkers can be used as therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dharmani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pearl Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Linares PM, Gisbert JP. Role of growth factors in the development of lymphangiogenesis driven by inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1814-21. [PMID: 21744436 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis have gained special relevance in research into factors potentially influencing the pathogenesis and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results of the few existing studies on the distribution and density of lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in the context of IBD are controversial. Studies using the specific lymphatic marker podoplanin have revealed a significantly large number of lymphatic vessels in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (compared to patients with normal mucosa), whereas other authors have found no significant differences. However, the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine-kinase receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in the onset of IBD has not been analyzed. In recent years new biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies indicate that several families of growth factors, such as the VEGF family and their receptors, fibroblast growth factor-2, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, hepatocyte growth factor, the angiopoietin system, and integrins may play an important role in the onset of IBD. To date, no comparative studies have analyzed these growth factors and specific lymphatic markers. We examine how growth factors are involved in the development of pathological lymphangiogenesis in patients with IBD and determine whether they play a crucial role in disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Linares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Princesa and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
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Chidlow JH, Glawe JD, Pattillo CB, Pardue S, Zhang S, Kevil CG. VEGF₁₆₄ isoform specific regulation of T-cell-dependent experimental colitis in mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1501-12. [PMID: 21674706 PMCID: PMC4798237 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two widespread diseases of unknown, multifactorial etiology. Colitis pathology involves a pathological angiogenic response where increases in vascular density participate in colitis histopathology. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a potent angiogenesis stimulator known to be involved in pathological angiogenesis in several diseases including colitis. However, the pathogenic importance of specific VEGF-A isoforms during T-cell-mediated experimental colitis remains largely unknown. METHODS The CD4⁺ CD45RB(high) T-cell transfer model of experimental colitis was used for these studies. The VEGF lac-Z transgenic reporter mouse was used to examine specific cellular sources of VEGF-A production. The VEGF₁₆₄ aptamer (Macugen), adenoviral VEGF₁₆₄, and the VEGF Trap were used to evaluate pathological importance. RESULTS VEGF lac-Z reporter mice experiments showed that both infiltrating T cells and local tissue cells produce VEGF-A in the colon during disease. Inhibition of VEGF₁₆₄ using a highly selective RNA aptamer significantly attenuated CD4⁺ CD45RB(high) T-cell-dependent experimental colitis by reducing pathological angiogenesis and inflammatory pathology. Conversely, broad-spectrum VEGF inhibition with VEGF Trap did not attenuate disease, nor did adenoviral VEGF₁₆₄ overexpression significantly alter colitis pathology. CONCLUSIONS VEGF₁₆₄ is actively produced by multiple cell types during T-cell-mediated colitis. Importantly, specific inhibition of the VEGF₁₆₄ isoform during T-cell-mediated colitis dose-dependently attenuated disease progression, while broad-scale inhibition of all VEGF-A isoforms was not therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Chidlow
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - John D. Glawe
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B. Pattillo
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Yu W, Hegarty JP, Berg A, Chen X, West G, Kelly AA, Wang Y, Poritz LS, Koltun WA, Lin Z. NKX2-3 transcriptional regulation of endothelin-1 and VEGF signaling in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20454. [PMID: 21637825 PMCID: PMC3102722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NKX2-3 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NKX2-3 is expressed in microvascular endothelial cells and the muscularis mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) are actively involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and IBD-associated microvascular dysfunction. To understand the cellular function of NKX2-3 and its potential role underlying IBD pathogenesis, we investigated the genes regulated by NKX2-3 in HIMEC using cDNA microarray. Methodology/Principal Findings NKX2-3 expression was suppressed by shRNA in two HIMEC lines and gene expression was profiled by cDNA microarray. Pathway Analysis was used to identify gene networks according to biological functions and associated pathways. Validation of microarray and genes expression in intestinal tissues was assessed by RT-PCR. NKX2-3 regulated genes are involved in immune and inflammatory response, cell proliferation and growth, metabolic process, and angiogenesis. Several inflammation and angiogenesis related signaling pathways that play important roles in IBD were regulated by NKX2-3, including endothelin-1 and VEGF-PI3K/AKT-eNOS. Expression levels of NKX2-3, VEGFA, PI3K, AKT, and eNOS are increased in intestinal tissues from IBD patients and expression levels of EDN1 are decreased in intestinal tissues from IBD patients. These results demonstrated the important roles of NKX2-3, VEGF, PI3K, AKT, eNOS, and EDN1 in IBD pathogenesis. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between mRNA expression of NKX2-3 and VEGFA and a negative correlation between mRNA expression of NKX2-3 and EDN1 in intestinal tissues from IBD patients. Conclusion/Relevance NKX2-3 may play an important role in IBD pathogenesis by regulating endothelin-1 and VEGF signaling in HIMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John P. Hegarty
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arthur Berg
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gail West
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley A. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lisa S. Poritz
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WAK); (ZL)
| | - Zhenwu Lin
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WAK); (ZL)
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Sado T, Naruse K, Noguchi T, Haruta S, Yoshida S, Tanase Y, Kitanaka T, Oi H, Kobayashi H. Inflammatory pattern recognition receptors and their ligands: factors contributing to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:509-20. [PMID: 21380737 PMCID: PMC7095834 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome, is one of the leading causes of premature births as well as fetal and maternal death. Preeclampsia lacks effective therapies because of the poor understanding of disease pathogenesis. The aim of this paper is to review molecular signaling pathways that could be responsible for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Method of study This article reviews the English-language literature for pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia based on genome-wide gene expression profiling and proteomic studies. Results We show that the expression of the genes and proteins involved in response to stress, host-pathogen interactions, immune system, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, growth and tissue remodeling was increased in preeclampsia. Several significant common pathways observed in preeclampsia overlap the datasets identified in TLR (Toll-like receptor)- and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products)-dependent signaling pathways. Placental oxidative stress and subsequent chronic inflammation are considered to be major contributors to the development of preeclampsia. Conclusion This review summarizes recent advances in TLR- and RAGE-mediated signaling and the target molecules, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Chaitanya GV, Franks SE, Cromer W, Wells SR, Bienkowska M, Jennings MH, Ruddell A, Ando T, Wang Y, Gu Y, Sapp M, Mathis JM, Jordan PA, Minagar A, Alexander JS. Differential cytokine responses in human and mouse lymphatic endothelial cells to cytokines in vitro. Lymphat Res Biol 2011; 8:155-64. [PMID: 20863268 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2010.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines dysregulate microvascular function, yet how cytokines affect lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined effects of TNF-α, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma on LEC proliferation, endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ECAM) expression, capillary formation, and barrier changes in murine (SV-LEC) and human LECs (HMEC-1a). RESULTS All cytokines induced ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1, and E-selectin in SV-LECs; TNF-α, IL-1 beta; and IFN-gamma induced ECAMs (but not MAdCAM-1) in HMEC-1a. IL-1 beta increased, while IFN-gamma and TNF-α reduced SV-LEC proliferation. While TNF-α induced, IFN-gamma decreased, and IL-1 beta did not show any effect on HMEC-1a proliferation. TNF-α, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma each reduced capillary formation in SV-LEC and in HMEC-1a. TNF-α and IL-1 beta reduced barrier in SV-LEC and HMEC-1a; IFN-gamma did not affect SV-LEC barrier, but enhanced HMEC-1a barrier. Inflammatory cytokines alter LEC growth, activation and barrier function in vitro and may disturb lymphatic clearance increasing tissue edema in vivo. CONCLUSION Therapies that maintain or restore lymphatic function (including cytokines blockade), may represent important strategies for limiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Chaitanya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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Cromer WE, Mathis JM, Granger DN, Chaitanya GV, Alexander JS. Role of the endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:578-93. [PMID: 21350707 PMCID: PMC3040330 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i5.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease. At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells, whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply, immune cell emigration, and regulation of the tissue environment. Expansion of the endothelium in IBD (angiogenesis), mediated by inflammatory growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity. The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, altering coagulant capacity, barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury. This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.
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Endothelial reticulon-4B (Nogo-B) regulates ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte transmigration and acute inflammation. Blood 2010; 117:2284-95. [PMID: 21183689 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-281956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reticulon (Rtn) family of proteins are localized primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of most cells. The Rtn-4 family, (aka Nogo) consists of 3 splice variants of a common gene called Rtn-4A, Rtn-4B, and Rtn-4C. Recently, we identified the Rtn-4B (Nogo-B) protein in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall, and showed that Nogo-B is a regulator of cell migration in vitro and vascular remodeling and angiogenesis in vivo. However, the role of Nogo-B in inflammation is still largely unknown. In the present study, we use 2 models of inflammation to show that endothelial Nogo-B regulates leukocyte transmigration and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-dependent signaling. Mice lacking Nogo-A/B have a marked reduction in neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, while Nogo-A/B(-/-) mice engrafted with wild-type (WT) bone marrow still exhibit impaired inflammation compared with WT mice engrafted with Nogo-A/B(-/-) bone marrow, arguing for a critical role of host Nogo in this response. Using human leukocytes and endothelial cells, we show mechanistically that the silencing of Nogo-B with small interfering RNA (siRNA) impairs the transmigration of neutrophils and reduces ICAM-1-stimulated phosphorylation of vascular endothelial-cell cadherin (VE-cadherin). Our results reveal a novel role of endothelial Nogo-B in basic immune functions and provide a key link in the molecular network governing endothelial-cell regulation of diapedesis.
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Sziksz E, Tibor Kozma G, Komlósi ZI, Pállinger E, Kardos M, Szebeni B, Losonczy G, Falus A, Szabó A, Tulassay T, Vannay A. Increased synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor in allergic airway inflammation in histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC(-/-)) mice. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:420-30. [PMID: 20715981 DOI: 10.3109/01902141003767955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Histamine and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma; they enhance inflammation, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion. Histamine was suggested to alter the level of VEGF via the H2 receptors. Here the authors have applied histidine decarboxylase gene-targeted (HDC(-/-)) mice, lacking histamine, to investigate the effect of histamine deficiency on VEGF expression in an animal model of asthma. HDC(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). VEGF mRNA expression and protein level were determined in the lung. Number of VEGF-positive immune cells of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and their intracellular VEGF content were measured by flow cytometry. VEGF protein level in the lung and in the BAL cells was increased in OVA treated (HDC(-/-)(ova) as well as in WT(ova)) animals compared to their controls. However, there was no difference in the VEGF levels between HDC(-/-) or WT animals, either in the lung or in the BAL cells. In conclusion, increased VEGF production of the lung or BAL immune cells can be induced by allergen provocation independently from the genetic background of the animals. These data suggest that VEGF-mediated allergic processes can persist in the absence of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Sziksz
- First Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Chidlow JH, Glawe JD, Alexander JS, Kevil CG. VEGF₁₆₄ differentially regulates neutrophil and T cell adhesion through ItgaL- and ItgaM-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G1361-7. [PMID: 20884890 PMCID: PMC3006242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00202.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues is the cornerstone of inflammatory responses and the driving force behind the establishment of inflammatory bowel disease, consisting of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It has been reported that angiogenic cytokines contribute to this inflammatory response that facilitates the chronic nature of disease. We have previously reported (Goebel S, Huang M, Davis WC, Jennings M, Siahaan TJ, Alexander JS, Kevil CG. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290: G648-G654, 2006) that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A can stimulate neutrophil adhesion to colon microvascular endothelial cells in a β₂-integrin (Itgb2)-dependent manner. However, it is not known which of the specific leukocyte integrins are critical for VEGF-A-dependent neutrophil and T cell recruitment. Here we examine the differential importance of either α-integrin (Itga)L or ItgaM in governing neutrophil and T cell adhesion to VEGF-A-activated colonic endothelium. Using an in vitro parallel-plate flow chamber model, we found that genetic deficiency of ItgaM completely blunted neutrophil adhesion to VEGF-A-stimulated endothelium, whereas ItgaL deficiency only partly blocked neutrophil adhesion. Deficiency of ItgaM did significantly decrease neutrophil rolling, whereas deficiency of ItgaL did not. We found that genetic deficiency of either ItgaL or ItgaM did significantly blunt T cell adhesion to VEGF-A-stimulated colon endothelium. We also found that genetic deficiency of these Itgas significantly attenuated T cell rolling behavior. Lastly, we examined whether VEGF-A-mediated leukocyte recruitment occurred through different VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathways and found that VEGFR2 activation regulates neutrophil recruitment, whereas both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 modulate T cell recruitment. Together, these data identify differential molecular mechanisms of VEGF-A-mediated leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Chidlow
- 2Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - J. Steven Alexander
- 2Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Departments of 1Pathology and ,2Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Alexander JS, Chaitanya GV, Grisham MB, Boktor M. Emerging roles of lymphatics in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1207 Suppl 1:E75-85. [PMID: 20961310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mobilization and recruitment of blood and lymphatic vasculatures are widely described in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Although angiogenesis contributes to intense gut inflammation, it remains unclear whether and when lymphangiogenesis amplifies or protects in IBD. The prolonged maintenance of lymphatic (over blood vessels) in inflammation indicates that lymphatic-blood vessel interactions may regulate IBD pathogenesis and restitution. Although lymphatic expansion helps to restore fluid balance and clear cytokines and immune cells, lymphatic failure results in accumulation of these factors and exacerbates IBD. Lymphatic obstruction and remodeling may impair lymphatic pumping, leading to repeated rounds of lymphangiogenesis. Early descriptions of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis describe colon lymphatic congestion, remodeling, expansion, and many other features that are recapitulated in experimental IBD and also by intestinal lymphatic obstruction, supporting lymphangitis as a cause and consequence of IBD. Growth factors, cytokines, gut flora, Toll receptors, and leukocytes all regulate inflammation and gut lymphatic remodeling in IBD. This review summarizes the importance of lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in IBD etiology that may be useful in diagnosis and therapy of gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
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Fang K, Bruce M, Pattillo CB, Zhang S, Stone R, Clifford J, Kevil CG. Temporal genomewide expression profiling of DSS colitis reveals novel inflammatory and angiogenesis genes similar to ulcerative colitis. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:43-56. [PMID: 20923862 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00138.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is widely used to study pathological mechanisms and potential treatments of inflammatory bowel disease. Because temporal changes in genome expression profiles remain unknown in this model, we performed whole genome expression profile analysis during the development of DSS colitis in comparison with ulcerative colitis (UC) specimens to identify novel and common responses during disease. Colon tissue from DSS-treated mice was collected at days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Half of each specimen was used for histopathological analysis and half for Affymetrix whole genome expression profiling and qRT-PCR validation. Genesifter and Ingenuity software analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes and perform interactive network analysis. Identified DSS-associated genes in mice were also compared with UC patient data. We identified 1,609 genes that were significantly altered during DSS colitis; the majority were functionally related to inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, biological adhesion, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell-to-cell signaling responses. Five hundred and one genes were progressively upregulated, while one hundred seventy-three genes were progressively downregulated. Changes in gene expression were validated in a subset of 33 genes by qRT-PCR, with r(2) = 0.925. Ingenuity gene interaction network analysis revealed novel relationships among antigen presentation, cell morphology, and other biological functions in the DSS mouse. Finally, DSS colitis gene array data were compared with UC patient array data: 152 genes were similarly upregulated, and 22 genes were downregulated. Temporal genomewide expression profile analysis of DSS-induced colitis revealed novel associations with various immune responses and tissue remodeling events such as angiogenesis similar to those in UC patients. This study provides a comprehensive view of DSS colitis changes in colon gene expression and identifies common molecules with clinical specimens that are interesting targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA
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Regulation of adhesion by vascular endothelial growth factor in HaCaT cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 346:173-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Crim WS, Wu R, Carter JD, Cole BK, Trace AP, Mirmira RG, Kunsch C, Nadler JL, Nunemaker CS. AGI-1067, a novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, enhances insulin release and protects mouse islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 323:246-55. [PMID: 20211684 PMCID: PMC2875300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound AGI-1067 (succinobucol) has potential as an oral anti-diabetic agent. AGI-1067 reduces H(b)A1c, improves fasting plasma glucose, and reduces new-onset diabetes. We investigated AGI-1067 for possible effects on mouse pancreatic islets in vitro. Pretreatment with 10 microM AGI-1067 increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (11 mM) without affecting secretion in basal (3 mM) glucose. AGI-1067 enhanced the intracellular calcium response to glucose stimulation in 7 mM and 11 mM glucose, but had no effect in 28 mM or basal glucose. AGI-1067-pretreated islets also showed enhanced calcium responses to methyl pyruvate and alpha-ketoisocaproate at low doses, but not high doses. The AGI-1067-mediated effects on glucose-stimulated calcium were maintained during continuous diazoxide exposure, suggesting effects on the K(ATP)-channel-independent pathway. AGI-1067 also reduced cytokine-induced islet cell death and expression of iNOS, a key component in cytokine signaling. This is the first report of direct stimulatory and protective effects of a first-in-class potential anti-diabetic agent on pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Crim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA 22908, USA
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Ganta VC, Cromer W, Mills GL, Traylor J, Jennings M, Daley S, Clark B, Michael Mathis J, Bernas M, Jordan P, Witte M, Steven Alexander J, Alexander JS. Angiopoietin-2 in experimental colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1029-39. [PMID: 19902545 PMCID: PMC2881632 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes leukocyte infiltration, blood and lymphatic remodeling, weight loss and protein enteropathy. The roles of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in initiating gut inflammation, leukocyte infiltration and angiogenesis are not well understood. METHODS Disease activity index, histopathological scoring, myeloperoxidase assay, immunohistochemistry and sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic methods were employed in the present study to address the roles of Ang-2 in experimental colitis. RESULTS Several important differences were seen in the development of experimental IBD in Ang-2(-/-) mice. Although weight change and disease activity differ only slightly in WT and Ang-2(-/-) + DSS treated mice, leukocyte infiltration, inflammation and blood and lymphatic vessel density is significantly attenuated compared to WT + DSS mice. Gut capillary fragility and water export (stool blood and form) appear significantly earlier in Ang-2(-/-) + DSS mice vs. WT. Colon lengths were also significantly reduced in Ang-2(-/-) and gut histopathology was less severe in Ang-2(-/-) compared to WT + DSS. Lastly, the decrease in serum protein content in WT + DSS was less severe in Ang-2(-/-) + DSS, thus protein losing enteropathy (PLE) a feature of IBD is relieved by Ang-2(-/-). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that in DSS colitis, Ang-2 mediates inflammatory hemangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration to reduce some, but not all clinical features of IBD. The implications for Ang-2 manipulation in the development of IBD and other inflammatory diseases and treatments involving Ang-2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay C. Ganta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Walter Cromer
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Ginny L. Mills
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - James Traylor
- Department of Pathology Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Merilyn Jennings
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sarah Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Arizona
| | - Benjamin Clark
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - J. Michael Mathis
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - Paul Jordan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Arizona, Arizona
| | - Marlys Witte
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Arizona
| | - J. Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Centre-Shreveport, Louisiana
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Zablotna M, Sobjanek M, Glen J, Niedoszytko M, Wilkowska A, Roszkiewicz J, Nedoszytko B. Association between the â1154 G/A promoter polymorphism of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:91-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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