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Girigoswami K, Arunkumar R, Girigoswami A. Management of hypertension addressing hyperuricaemia: introduction of nano-based approaches. Ann Med 2024; 56:2352022. [PMID: 38753584 PMCID: PMC11100442 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2352022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) levels in blood serum have been associated with hypertension, indicating a potential causal relationship between high serum UA levels and the progression of hypertension. Therefore, the reduction of serum UA level is considered a potential strategy for lowering and mitigating blood pressure. If an individual is at risk of developing or already manifesting elevated blood pressure, this intervention could be an integral part of a comprehensive treatment plan. By addressing hyperuricaemia, practitioners may subsidize the optimization of blood pressure regulation, which illustrates the importance of addressing UA levels as a valuable strategy within the broader context of hypertension management. In this analysis, we outlined the operational principles of effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricaemia and hypertension, along with an exploration of the contribution of nanotechnology to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Arunkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
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2
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Esposito E, Indolfi C, Bello I, Smimmo M, Vellecco V, Schettino A, Montanaro R, Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Panza E, Sorrentino R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E. The endocrine disruptor vinclozolin causes endothelial injury via eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176758. [PMID: 38901528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a common dicarboximide fungicide used to protect crops from diseases. It is also an endocrine disruptor, and its effects on various organs have been described but its influence on vasculature has not yet been addressed. This study focuses on the potential mechanism of VCZ-induced vascular injury. The effect of VCZ on vascular function in terms of relaxing and contracting response was evaluated in mice aorta. A short exposure to VCZ affected the endothelial but not the smooth muscle component. Specifically, it caused a disruption of the eNOS/NO signaling. In line, a short exposure to VCZ in bovine aortic endothelial cells promoted eNOS uncoupling resulting in a reduction of NO bioavailability and eNOS dimer/monomer ratio, and in turn an increase of nitro-tyrosine levels and ROS formation. Prolonging the exposure to VCZ (3 and 6h) an up-regulation of Nox4, enzyme-generating ROS constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, and an increase in ROS and malondialdehyde content coupled with a reduction in NO levels were found. These events were strictly linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α), a stress sensor and its reversion by using a selective inhibitor. Collectively, these results demonstrated that VCZ provokes endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress involving eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α axis. The rapid exposure affected the endothelial function promoting eNOS uncoupling while a post-transcriptional modification, involving Nox4/IRE1α signaling, occurred following prolonged exposure. Thus, exposure to VCZ could contribute to the onset and/or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Indolfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ivana Bello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Martina Smimmo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Schettino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Macchia Romana Campus 10, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Kaur S, Khullar N, Navik U, Bali A, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Multifaceted role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cardiovascular disease: From mitochondrial fission to therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101904. [PMID: 38763184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production and metabolic regulation, particularly in cardiomyocytes. These organelles constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, orchestrated by key proteins like Dynamin-related Protein 1 (Drp-1). This review focuses on the intricate roles of Drp-1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, its implications in cardiovascular health, and particularly in myocardial infarction. Drp-1 is not merely a mediator of mitochondrial fission; it also plays pivotal roles in autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in cardiac cells. This multifaceted functionality is often modulated through various post-translational alterations, and Drp-1's interaction with intracellular calcium (Ca2 + ) adds another layer of complexity. We also explore the pathological consequences of Drp-1 dysregulation, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, this review delves into the potential therapeutic interventions targeting Drp-1 to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and improve cardiovascular outcomes. We highlight recent findings on the interaction between Drp-1 and sirtuin-3 and suggest that understanding this interaction may open new avenues for therapeutically modulating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. As the cardiovascular system increasingly becomes the focal point of aging and chronic disease research, understanding the nuances of Drp-1's functionality can lead to innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India.
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Correa Segura F, Macías Macías FI, Velázquez Delgado KA, Ramos-Godinez MDP, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Flores P, Huerta-García E, López-Marure R. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles induce mitochondrial permeability and cardiac damage after oral exposure in rats. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:122-133. [PMID: 38436290 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2323069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are found in diverse products for human use. E171 is used as whitening agent in food and cosmetics, and ZnO NPs in food packaging. Their potential multi-organ toxicity has raised concerns on their safety. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is a key aspect of cardio-pathologies, here, we evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to E171 and ZnO NPs in rats on cardiac mitochondria. Changes in cardiac electrophysiology and body weight were measured. E171 reduced body weight more than 10% after 5 weeks. Both E171 and ZnO NPs increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 110-120 to 120-140 mmHg after 45 days of treatment. Both NPs altered the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), reducing calcium requirement for permeability by 60% and 93% in E171- and ZnO NPs-exposed rats, respectively. Treatments also affected conformational state of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). E171 reduced the binding of EMA to Cys 159 in 30% and ZnO NPs in 57%. Mitochondrial aconitase activity was reduced by roughly 50% with both NPs, indicating oxidative stress. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed changes in mitochondrial morphology including sarcomere discontinuity, edema, and hypertrophy in rats exposed to both NPs. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure to NPs induces functional and morphological damage in cardiac mitochondria, with ZnO NPs being more toxic than E171, possibly due to their dissociation in free Zn2+ ion form. Therefore, chronic intake of these food additives could increase risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Correa Segura
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pedro Flores
- Departamento de Instrumentación, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Huerta-García
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
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Liu X, Na J, Liu X, Jia X, Ren M, Chen J, Han B, Xu J, Li N, Li Z, Wang B. Co-exposure to phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the risk of gestational hypertension in Chinese women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108562. [PMID: 38460239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in females of reproductive age. Many studies have found that environmental PAE and PAH levels are independent risk factors for gestational hypertension. However, exposure to both components is a more realistic scenario. To better assess the health effects of PAEs and PAHs in pregnant women, we explored the associations of exposure to both individual and combined PAEs and PAHs with gestational hypertension. This nested case-control study was a component of a prospective cohort study conducted in Beijing, China. We included 206 women with gestational hypertension and 214 pregnant controls. We used gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to detect 8 PAEs and 13 PAHs in > 80 % of all collected hair samples. Multiple linear regression models were employed to test the individual associations between each component and gestational hypertension. A quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) model and a weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model were used to estimate whether exposure to both PAEs and PAHs increased the risk of gestational hypertension. The individual exposure analyses revealed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (both PAEs), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BKF), anthracene, (ANT), and benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) (all PAHs) were positively associated with increased risk of gestational hypertension. In mixed-effect analyses, the qgcomp model indicated that co-exposure to PAEs and PAHs increased the risk of gestational hypertension (odds ratio = 2.01; 95 % confidence interval: 1.02, 3.94); this finding was verified by the WQS regression model. Our findings support earlier evidence that both PAEs and PAHs increase the risk of gestational hypertension, both individually and in combination. This suggests that reductions in exposure to endocrine system-disrupting chemicals such as PAEs and PAHs might reduce the risk of gestational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jigen Na
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junxi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China
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6
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Naik N, Patel M, Sen R. Developmental Impacts of Epigenetics and Metabolism in COVID-19. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:9. [PMID: 38390960 PMCID: PMC10885083 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental biology is intricately regulated by epigenetics and metabolism but the mechanisms are not completely understood. The situation becomes even more complicated during diseases where all three phenomena are dysregulated. A salient example is COVID-19, where the death toll exceeded 6.96 million in 4 years, while the virus continues to mutate into different variants and infect people. Early evidence during the pandemic showed that the host's immune and inflammatory responses to COVID-19 (like the cytokine storm) impacted the host's metabolism, causing damage to the host's organs and overall physiology. The involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the pivotal host receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was identified and linked to epigenetic abnormalities along with other contributing factors. Recently, studies have revealed stronger connections between epigenetics and metabolism in COVID-19 that impact development and accelerate aging. Patients manifest systemic toxicity, immune dysfunction and multi-organ failure. Single-cell multiomics and other state-of-the-art high-throughput studies are only just beginning to demonstrate the extent of dysregulation and damage. As epigenetics and metabolism directly impact development, there is a crucial need for research implementing cutting-edge technology, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, the identification of biomarkers and clinical trials to help with prevention and therapeutic interventions against similar threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Naik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mansi Patel
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rwik Sen
- Active Motif, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Wang Z, Fu Y, da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, Mouton A, Omoto ACM, Li X, Sears J, Hall JE. Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Synergistic Interaction of Diabetes and Hypertension in Causing Chronic Kidney Injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F534-F544. [PMID: 38269408 PMCID: PMC11208021 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00320.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are major risk factors for chronic kidney injury, together accounting for >70% of end-stage renal disease. The combination of DM and HTN significantly accelerates development of renal injury; however, the underlying mechanisms of this synergy are still poorly understood. This study assessed whether mitochondria (MT) dysfunction is essential in developing renal injury in a rat model with combined DM and HTN. Type 1 DM was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin (STZ). HTN was induced six weeks later by inter-renal aorta constriction between the renal arteries, so that right kidneys were exposed to HTN while left kidneys were exposed to normotension. Kidneys exposed to DM or HTN alone had only mild glomerular injury and urinary albumin excretion (UAE). In contrast, kidneys exposed to DM plus 8 weeks HTN had significantly increased UAE and glomerular structural damage with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Marked increases in MT-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also observed in right kidneys exposed to HTN+DM. We further tested whether treatment with MT-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO) after the onset of HTN attenuates renal injury in rats with DM+HTN. Results show that kidneys in DM+AC+MitoTEMPO rats had lower UAE, less glomerular damage, and preserved MT function compared to untreated DM+AC rats. Our studies indicate that MT-derived ROS play a major role in promoting kidney dysfunction when DM is combined with HTN. Preserving MT function might be a potential therapeutic approach to halt the development of renal injury when DM coexists with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alan Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana Carolina M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jaylan Sears
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Awata WMC, Alves JV, Costa RM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Barbosa GS, Tirapelli CR, Bruder-Nascimento T. Vascular injury associated with ethanol intake is driven by AT1 receptor and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115845. [PMID: 37951022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin (Ang II)-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial for the cardiovascular risk associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Disturbs in mitochondria have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, if mitochondria dysfunction contributes to ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction is still unknown. We investigated whether ethanol leads to vascular dysfunction via RAAS activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). METHODS Male C57/BL6J or mt-keima mice (6-8-weeks old) were treated with ethanol (20% vol./vol.) for 12 weeks with or without Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Ethanol induced aortic hypercontractility in an endothelium-dependent manner. PGC1α (a marker of biogenesis), Mfn2, (an essential protein for mitochondria fusion), as well as Pink-1 and Parkin (markers of mitophagy), were reduced in aortas from ethanol-treated mice. Disturb in mitophagy flux was further confirmed in arteries from mt-keima mice. Additionally, ethanol increased mtROS and reduced SOD2 expression. Strikingly, losartan prevented vascular hypercontractility, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and restored SOD2 expression. Both MnTMPyP (SOD2 mimetic) and CCCP (a mitochondrial uncoupler) reverted ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction. Moreover, L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) and EUK 134 (superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic) did not affect vascular response in ethanol group, suggesting that ethanol reduces aortic nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 bioavailability. These responses were prevented by losartan. CONCLUSION AT1 receptor modulates ethanol-induced vascular hypercontractility by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and reduction of NO and H2O2 bioavailability. Our findings shed a new light in our understanding of ethanol-induced vascular toxicity and open perspectives of new therapeutic approaches for patients with disorder associated with abusive ethanol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela S Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UNIPEX, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine, Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Li S, Tan H, Fu H, Du J, Liu P, Qin Y. Maternal and neonatal complications after IVF/ICSI-fresh embryo transfer in low-prognosis women under the POSEIDON criteria: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:855. [PMID: 38087253 PMCID: PMC10714626 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies on pregnancy complications of poor ovarian response (POR) patients did not draw a consistent conclusion. The POSEIDON criteria introduces the concept of "low prognosis" and divides POR patients into four groups based on age, AFC and AMH for individualized management. We analyzed low-prognosis population and patients with regular ovarian response, compared maternal and neonatal complications and discussed the relevant risk factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of females who achieved a singleton clinical pregnancy after IVF / ICSI-fresh embryo transfer in a single center from January 2014 to March 2019. Participants with low prognosis, as defined by the POSEIDON criteria, were enrolled in the study groups. The controls were defined as AFC ≥ five and number of retrieved oocytes > nine. Maternal and neonatal complications were compared among those groups. RESULTS There were 2554 cycles in POSEIDON group 1, 971 in POSEIDON group 2, 141 in POSEIDON group 3, 142 in POSEIDON group 4, and 3820 in Control. Univariate analysis roughly showed that Groups 2 and 4 had an increased tendency of pregnancy complications. Multi-variable generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed that the risks of GDM, total pregnancy loss, and first-trimester pregnancy loss in Groups 2 and 4 were significantly higher than in Control. The risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in Groups 2 and 3 increased, and Group 4 had an increased tendency without statistical significance. After classification by age, GEE analysis showed no significant difference in risks of all complications among groups ≥ 35 years. In patients < 35 years, the risk of HDP in POSEIDON group 3 was significantly higher than in controls (< 35 years), and there was no significant increase in the risk of other complications. CONCLUSION Compared to patients with regular ovarian response, low-prognosis population have increased tendency of maternal and neonatal complications. In low-prognosis patients, advanced age (≥ 35 years) might be the predominant risk factor for pregnancy complications. In those < 35 years, poor ovarian reserve could contribute to HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifang Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Ramos-Mondragón R, Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Runge MS, Isom LL, Madamanchi NR. NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1833. [PMID: 37891912 PMCID: PMC10604902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. The irregular and rapid contraction of the atria can lead to ineffective blood pumping, local blood stasis, blood clots, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species in the heart, and dysregulated activation of NOX and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with AF pathogenesis. NOX- and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress contribute to the onset of paroxysmal AF by inducing electrophysiological changes in atrial myocytes and structural remodeling in the atria. Because high atrial activity causes cardiac myocytes to expend extremely high energy to maintain excitation-contraction coupling during persistent AF, mitochondria, the primary energy source, undergo metabolic stress, affecting their morphology, Ca2+ handling, and ATP generation. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in activating AF-triggered activities, regulating intracellular Ca2+ handling, and functional and anatomical reentry mechanisms, all of which are associated with AF initiation, perpetuation, and progression. Changes in the extracellular matrix, inflammation, ion channel expression and function, myofibril structure, and mitochondrial function occur during the early transitional stages of AF, opening a window of opportunity to target NOX and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress using isoform-specific NOX inhibitors and mitochondrial ROS scavengers, as well as drugs that improve mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to treat persistent AF and its transition to permanent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Marschall S. Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R. Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
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11
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Trillaud E, Klemmer P, Malin SK, Erdbrügger U. Tracking Biomarker Responses to Exercise in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:299-311. [PMID: 37428393 PMCID: PMC10505098 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Strong evidence is evolving that physical exercise prevents hypertension and reduces blood pressure in patients with pre- and manifest HTN. Yet, identifying and confirming the effectiveness of exercise are challenging. Herein, we discuss conventional and novel biomarkers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may track responses to HTN before and after exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Evolving data shows that improved aerobic fitness and vascular function as well as lowered oxidative stress, inflammation, and gluco-lipid toxicity are leading biomarkers considered to promote HTN, but they explain only about a half of the pathophysiology. Novel biomarkers such as EVs or microRNA are providing additional input to understand the complex mechanisms involved in exercise therapy for HTN patients. Conventional and novel biomarkers are needed to fully understand the integrative "cross-talk" between tissues to regulate vasculature physiology for blood pressure control. These biomarker studies will lead to more specific disease markers and the development of even more personalized therapy in this field. However, more systematic approaches and randomized controlled trials in larger cohorts are needed to assess exercise effectiveness across the day and with different exercise types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Trillaud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Footwear R&D, On AG, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland.
| | - Philip Klemmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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12
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Didik S, Wang H, James AS, Slotabec L, Li J. Sestrin2 as a Potential Target in Hypertension. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2374. [PMID: 37510117 PMCID: PMC10378131 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly complex, intricate condition affecting millions of individuals across the globe. Nearly half of adults in the United States are diagnosed with hypertension, with incident rates projected to rise over the next decade. Hypertension is a precursor to many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. This review describes the major processes contributing to the development of hypertension and how Sestrin2 (Sesn2), an antioxidative protein, could be a potential target in the treatment of hypertension. In hypertension, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a critical component in the etiology of the condition. The increased ROS in hypertension is derived from a variety of sources, all of which are covered in depth in this review. Increased ROS is generated from mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NADPH oxidase (NOX) overactivity, and the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxidase synthase (eNOS). Sesn2, a highly conserved, stress-inducible protein, has the structural and functional characteristics to be a potential therapeutic target to alleviate the progression of hypertension. The structure, function, genetics, and characteristics of Sesn2 are presented in the review. The Nrf2/Sesn2, Sesn2/AMPK/mTOR, and Sesn2/Angiotensin II signaling pathways are described in detail in this review. Sesn2 can be utilized in a multitude of ways as a therapeutic modality in hypertension. This review explores potential Sesn2 inducers and activators and how Sesn2 can be incorporated into gene therapy for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Didik
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | | | - Lily Slotabec
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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13
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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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14
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Zhou W, Ouyang J, Hu N, Wang H. Flavonoids from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Revert Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043174. [PMID: 36834585 PMCID: PMC9961788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most frequently prescribed anti-cancer drugs. However, treatment with Dox is limited due to cumulative cardiotoxicity. 3-O-β-d-Sophorosylkaempferol-7-O-{3-O-[2(E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl]}-α-L-rhamnoside (F-A), kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-rhamnoside (F-B), and hippophanone (F-C) were successfully obtained by purification and separation of seabuckthorn seed residue in our previous research. This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of three flavonoids against Dox-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to determine the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ATP content was measured using an assay kit. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure. The expression levels of proteins (p-JNK, JNK, p-Akt, Akt, p-P38, P38, p-ERK, ERK, p-Src, Src, Sab, IRE1α, Mfn1, Mfn2, and cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated by Western blot. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina. The three flavonoids could significantly relieve Dox-induced cardiac injury and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The mechanisms were mainly related to the stability of mitochondrial structure and function maintained by suppressing the production of intracellular ROS, p-JNK and cleaved caspase-3, and increasing ATP contents and protein expression of mitochondrial mitofusin (Mfn1, Mfn2), Sab and p-Src. Pretreatment with flavonoids from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. can reduce Dox-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis based on the 'JNK-Sab-Ros' signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life and Health Sciences, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
- Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
- Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13997384106
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15
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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16
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Liu Y, Duan Y, Zhao N, Zhu X, Yu X, Jiao S, Song Y, Shi L, Ma Y, Wang X, Yu B, Qu A. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Attenuates Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling by Protecting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Angiotensin II-Induced ROS Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122378. [PMID: 36552585 PMCID: PMC9774484 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the fundamental basis for hypertensive disease, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction plays an essential role. Previous studies suggest that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) by fibrate drugs has cardiovascular benefits independent of the lipid-lowering effects. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. This study explored the role of PPARα in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension using VSMC-specific Ppara-deficient mice. The PPARα expression was markedly downregulated in the VSMCs upon Ang II treatment. A PPARα deficiency in the VSMC significantly aggravated the Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular stiffness, with little influence on the cardiac function. The morphological analyses demonstrated that VSMC-specific Ppara-deficient mice exhibited an aggravated vascular remodeling and oxidative stress. In vitro, a PPARα deficiency dramatically increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) in Ang II-treated primary VSMCs. Finally, the PPARα activation by Wy14643 improved the Ang II-induced ROS production and vascular remodeling in a VSMC PPARα-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that PPARα plays a critical protective role in Ang II-induced hypertension via attenuating ROS production in VSMCs, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for hypertensive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shiyu Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yutao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Iqbal AZ, Javaid N, Hameeda M. Synergic interactions between berry polyphenols and gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Now a days, scientific community has been taking initiatives to decrease burden of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and many others. Many nutraceuticals and functional food have a crucial function in preventing and decreasing burden of chronic diseases. Main purpose of the study was to relate association between mechanism of gut microbiota effecting cardiovascular diseases, moreover, to find out advantageous effects of berry polyphenols on gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. To summarize, we explore literature for beneficial effects of berry polyphenols by using multiple search engines including Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. Original research article, review articles, experimental trials (human and animal studies) and abstract were also included in the current study based on relevancy to the characteristics of berries and their potential benefit on human health. This detailed review revealed that all classes of berries and their metabolites possess a definite impact on human health by preventing onset of chronic diseases by its anti-inflammatory property, thus, consider as one of the beneficial natural compounds that can be consumed on daily basis to prevent various disorders. There is also a positive association between berry polyphenols and modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, furthermore, showed a relationship between gut microbiome and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar Iqbal
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore
| | - Nida Javaid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore
| | - Maryam Hameeda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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18
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Role of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) in the Development of Hypertension and Related Diseases in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112722. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a multifunctional protein that plays a wide variety of physiological and pathological roles, including as a cytoplasmic repressor of Na,K-ATPase, an enzyme pivotal in maintaining Na+ and K+ ion gradients across the plasma membrane, by binding to and inhibiting Na,K-ATPase. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing TCTP (TCTP-TG) revealed the pathophysiological significance of TCTP in the development of systemic arterial hypertension. Overexpression of TCTP and inhibition of Na,K-ATPase result in the elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, which increases the vascular contractility in the mice, leading to hypertension. Furthermore, studies using an animal model constructed by multiple mating of TCTP-TG with apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE KO) indicated that TCTP-induced hypertension facilitates the severity of atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. This review attempts to discuss the mechanisms underlying TCTP-induced hypertension and related diseases gleaned from studies using genetically altered animal models and the potential of TCTP as a target in the therapy of hypertension-related pathological conditions.
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19
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Wu Y, Lan H, Zhang D, Hu Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Xia P, Tang X, Cai X, Yu P. Research progress on ncRNAs regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4112-4131. [PMID: 36125936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications are major health concerns worldwide that should be routinely monitored for evaluating disease progression. And there is currently much evidence to suggest a critical role for mitochondria in the common pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of diabetes through mediating insulin signaling and insulin resistance, and in the development of diabetes and its complications through mediating endothelial impairment and other closely related pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely linked to mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the expression of mitochondrial dynamic-associated proteins, or by regulating key proteins in related signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by ncRNAs in diabetes and its complications, which is a promising area for future antibodies or targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huixin Lan
- Huankui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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20
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Ackland GL, Abbott TEF. Hypotension as a marker or mediator of perioperative organ injury: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:915-930. [PMID: 35151462 PMCID: PMC9204667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative hypotension has been repeatedly associated with organ injury and worse outcome, yet many interventions to reduce morbidity by attempting to avoid or reverse hypotension have floundered. In part, this reflects uncertainty as to what threshold of hypotension is relevant in the perioperative setting. Shifting population-based definitions for hypertension, plus uncertainty regarding individualised norms before surgery, both present major challenges in constructing useful clinical guidelines that may help improve clinical outcomes. Aside from these major pragmatic challenges, a wealth of biological mechanisms that underpin the development of higher blood pressure, particularly with increasing age, suggest that hypotension (however defined) or lower blood pressure per se does not account solely for developing organ injury after major surgery. The mosaic theory of hypertension, first proposed more than 60 yr ago, incorporates multiple, complementary mechanistic pathways through which clinical (macrovascular) attempts to minimise perioperative organ injury may unintentionally subvert protective or adaptive pathways that are fundamental in shaping the integrative host response to injury and inflammation. Consideration of the mosaic framework is critical for a more complete understanding of the perioperative response to acute sterile and infectious inflammation. The largely arbitrary treatment of perioperative blood pressure remains rudimentary in the context of multiple complex adaptive hypertensive endotypes, defined by distinct functional or pathobiological mechanisms, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species, autonomic dysfunction, and inflammation. Developing coherent strategies for the management of perioperative hypotension requires smarter, mechanistically solid interventions delivered by RCTs where observer bias is minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Tom E F Abbott
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Kim J, Lee S, Lee MS. Suppressive Effect of Autocrine FGF21 on Autophagy-Deficient Hepatic Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:832804. [PMID: 35321438 PMCID: PMC8936433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.832804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of autophagy-related 7 (Atg7ΔHep mice) develop hepatoma, suggesting that autophagy deficiency could be a factor in the initiation of tumorigenesis. We have shown that FGF21 is induced as a ‘mitokine’ when Atg7 is disrupted in insulin target tissues such as the liver, which could affect systemic metabolism through endocrine activity. Since FGF21 or other endocrine FGF such as FGF19 can affect tumor growth, we hypothesized that FGF21 produced by Atg7-knockout (KO) hepatocytes may affect the behavior of Atg7-KO hepatoma in an autocrine manner. We, thus, crossed Atg7ΔHep mice with systemic Fgf21-KO (Fgf21−/−) mice to generate Atg7ΔHepFgf21−/− mice. The number and size of hepatoma of Atg7ΔHep mice were significantly increased by additional Fgf21 KO. The proliferation of Atg7-KO hepatocyte was significantly increased by Fgf21 KO. pYAP1/YAP1 representing YAP1 degradation was significantly decreased in the liver of Atg7ΔHepFgf21−/− mice compared to Atg7ΔHepFgf21+/+ mice. Consistently, expression of YAP1/TAZ downstream genes was significantly increased in the liver of Atg7ΔHepFgf21−/− mice compared to Atg7ΔHepFgf21+/+ mice, which could explain the increased size of hepatoma in Atg7ΔHepFgf21−/− mice. Accumulation of ROS and ROS-mediated DNA damage were increased in the liver of Atg7ΔHepFgf21+/+ mice, which was further aggravated by additional Fgf21 KO probably due to the absence of positive effect of FGF21 on mitochondrial function, explaining the increased number of hepatoma in Atg7ΔHepFgf21−/− mice compared to Atg7ΔHepFgf21+/+ mice. These results show that FGF21 produced by autophagy-deficient hepatocytes could have autocrine or paracrine effects on the number and proliferation of autophagy-deficient hepatoma, suggesting that hormones or factors released from autophagy-deficient tumors can influence the behavior or prognosis of the tumor in addition to the effects on host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myung-Shik Lee, ;
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22
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Lycopene: A Natural Arsenal in the War against Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020232. [PMID: 35204115 PMCID: PMC8868303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a bioactive red pigment found in plants, especially in red fruits and vegetables, including tomato, pink guava, papaya, pink grapefruit, and watermelon. Several research reports have advocated its positive impact on human health and physiology. For humans, lycopene is an essential substance obtained from dietary sources to fulfil the body requirements. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress and downstream complications include one of the major health concerns worldwide. In recent years, oxidative stress and its counter strategies have attracted biomedical research in order to manage the emerging health issues. Lycopene has been reported to directly interact with ROS, which can help to prevent chronic diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review article was written to provide an accumulative account of protective and ameliorative effects of lycopene on coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that fights ROS and, subsequently, complications. It reduces blood pressure via inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and regulating nitrous oxide bioavailability. It plays an important role in lowering of LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and improving HDL (high-density lipoproteins) levels to minimize atherosclerosis, which protects the onset of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Various studies have advocated that lycopene exhibited a combating competence in the treatment of these diseases. Owing to all the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, lycopene provides a potential nutraceutical with a protective and curing ability against coronary artery disease and hypertension.
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23
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Krzemińska J, Wronka M, Młynarska E, Franczyk B, Rysz J. Arterial Hypertension—Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010172. [PMID: 35052676 PMCID: PMC8772909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), leading to dysfunction of many organs, including the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. AH is a multifactorial disease. It has been suggested that the development of each factor is influenced by oxidative stress, which is characterized by a disturbed oxidant-antioxidant balance. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an impaired antioxidant system promote the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED), inflammation and increased vascular contractility, resulting in remodeling of cardiovascular (CV) tissue. The hope for restoring the proper functioning of the vessels is placed on antioxidants, and pharmacological strategies are still being sought to reverse the harmful effects of free radicals. In our review, we focused on the correlation of AH with oxidative stress and inflammation, which are influenced by many factors, such as diet, supplementation and pharmacotherapy. Studies show that the addition of a single dietary component may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure (BP) values; however, the relationship between the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of individual dietary components and the hypotensive effect is not clear. Moreover, AH pharmacotherapy alleviates the increased oxidative stress, which may help prevent organ damage.
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24
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Avocado Oil Prevents Kidney Injury and Normalizes Renal Vasodilation after Adrenergic Stimulation in Hypertensive Rats: Probable Role of Improvement in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111122. [PMID: 34832999 PMCID: PMC8625956 DOI: 10.3390/life11111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension impairs the function of the kidney and its vasculature. Adrenergic activation is involved in these processes by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the targeting of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial oxidative stress may be an approach to alleviate hypertensive kidney damage. Avocado oil, a source of oleic acid and antioxidants, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, decreases mitochondrial oxidative stress, and enhances vascular function in hypertensive rats. However, whether avocado oil improves the function of renal vasculature during the adrenergic stimulation, and if this is related to improvement in renal damage and enhancement of mitochondrial activity is unknown. Thus, the effects of avocado oil on renal vascular responses to adrenergic stimulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and renal damage were compared with prazosin, an antagonist of α1-adrenoceptors, in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME. Avocado oil or prazosin decreased blood pressure, improved endothelium-dependent renal vasodilation, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney damage in hypertensive rats. However, avocado oil, but not prazosin, decreased mitochondrial ROS generation and improved the redox state of mitochondrial glutathione. These results suggest that avocado oil and prazosin prevented hypertensive renal damage due to the improvement in mitochondrial function.
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25
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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26
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Khanthong P, Natason A, Dechakhamphu A. Benefit of Ruesi Dadton on Oxidative Stress and Physical Performance: Quasi-Experimental Study. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2021.1980480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phaksachiphon Khanthong
- Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Natason
- Faculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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27
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Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Galley JC, Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. Redox Switches Controlling Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Resistance Vasculature and Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation: Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2020. Hypertension 2021; 78:912-926. [PMID: 34420371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial resistance vasculature modulates blood pressure and flow to match oxygen delivery to tissue metabolic demand. As such, resistance arteries and arterioles have evolved a series of highly orchestrated cell-cell communication mechanisms between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone. In response to neurohormonal agonists, release of several intracellular molecules, including nitric oxide, evokes changes in vascular tone. We and others have uncovered novel redox switches in the walls of resistance arteries that govern nitric oxide compartmentalization and diffusion. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of redox switches controlling nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, focusing on new mechanistic insights, physiological and pathophysiological implications, and advances in therapeutic strategies for hypertension and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microvascular Research (A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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28
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The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164913. [PMID: 34443494 PMCID: PMC8400259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, we will provide a general overview on the mitochondria biology and the consequence of mitochondrial defects in pathologies. Then, we will discuss the antioxidant action of taurine, particularly in relation to the maintenance of mitochondria function. We will also describe several reported studies on the current use of taurine supplementation in several mitochondria-associated pathologies in humans.
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29
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Bordoni L, Petracci I, Pelikant-Malecka I, Radulska A, Piangerelli M, Samulak JJ, Lewicki L, Kalinowski L, Gabbianelli R, Olek RA. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: New insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21694. [PMID: 34165220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is a promising candidate. A growing attention has been also dedicated to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an oxidative derivative of the gut metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). With the aim to identify biomarkers predictive of CVD, we investigated TMA, TMAO, and mtDNAcn in a population of 389 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 151 healthy controls, in association with established risk factors for CVD (sex, age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and troponin, an established marker of CAD. MtDNAcn was significantly lower in CAD patients; it correlates with GFR and TMA, but not with TMAO. A biomarker including mtDNAcn, sex, and hypertension (but neither TMA nor TMAO) emerged as a good predictor of CAD. Our findings support the mtDNAcn as a promising plastic biomarker, useful to monitor the exposure to risk factors and the efficacy of preventive interventions for a personalized CAD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Petracci
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Radulska
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division and Mathematics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joanna J Samulak
- Doctoral School, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Lewicki
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Kashubian Center for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Pomeranian Hospitals, Wejherowo, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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30
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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31
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Li C, Li J, Loreno EG, Miriyala S, Panchatcharam M, Lu X, Sun H. Chronic Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption Attenuates Post-Ischemic Inflammation via PPARγ in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105121. [PMID: 34066125 PMCID: PMC8150922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability in adults. Recently, we found that light alcohol consumption (LAC) suppresses post-ischemic inflammatory response, which plays an important role in ischemic brain damage. Our goal was to determine the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in the anti-inflammatory effect of LAC against transient focal cerebral ischemia. In in vivo study, male C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and endothelial-specific conditional PPARγ knockout mice were gavage fed with 0.7 g/kg/day ethanol or volume-matched water daily for 8 weeks. From the 7th week, 3 mg/kg/day GW9662 (a selective PPARγ antagonist) was intraperitoneally given for two weeks. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and adhesion molecules, neutrophil infiltration, and microglial activation in the cerebral cortex before and following a 90 min unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/24 h reperfusion were evaluated. In in vitro study, the impact of chronic alcohol exposure on expression of PPARγ and MnSOD in C57BL/6J mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMVECs) was measured. PPARγ and MnSOD were significantly upregulated in the cerebral cortex of ethanol-fed WT mice and low-concentration ethanol-exposed C57BL/6J MBMVECs. GW9662 significantly inhibited alcohol-induced upregulation of MnSOD. Eight-week ethanol feeding significantly reduced cerebral I/R injury and alleviated the post-ischemic inflammatory response (upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, microglial activation, and neutrophil infiltration). Treatment with GW9662 and endothelial-specific conditional knockout of PPARγ did not alter cerebral I/R injury and the inflammatory response in the control mice but abolish the neuroprotective effect in ethanol-fed mice. In addition, GW9662 and endothelial-specific conditional knockout of PPARγ diminished the inhibitory effect of LAC on the post-ischemic expression of adhesion molecules and neutrophil infiltration. Our findings suggest that LAC may protect against cerebral I/R injury by suppressing the post-ischemic inflammation via activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Ethyn G. Loreno
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (C.L.); (J.L.); (E.G.L.); (S.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(318)-675-4566; Fax: +1-(318)-675-5889
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32
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Zhou W, Ouyang J, Hu N, Li G, Wang H. Protective Effect of Two Alkaloids from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071946. [PMID: 33808398 PMCID: PMC8037594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most frequently prescribed anti-cancer drugs. However, clinical application with Dox is limited due to its potentially fatal cumulative cardiotoxicity. N-p-coumaroyl-4-aminobutan-1-ol (alk-A), an organic amide alkaloid and hippophamide (alk-B), a rare pyridoindole alkaloid were successfully obtained by purification and separation of seabuckthorn seed residue in our previous research. This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of alk-A and alk-B against Dox-induced embryonic rat cardiac cells (H9c2 cells) apoptosis. METHODS H9c2 cells were treated with Dox (2.5 µM) in the presence of alk-A and alk-B (10, 20, and 40 µM) and incubated for 24 h. RESULTS It was shown that pretreatment of the H9c2 cells with alk-A and alk-B significantly reduced Dox-induced apoptosis. Alk-A and alk-B both inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression and the activation of JNK (Jun N-terminal kinases), as well as increasing ATP levels, favoring mitochondrial mitofusin protein expression, and relieving damage to mitochondrial DNA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alk-A and alk-B can inhibit Dox-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells via inhibition of cell apoptosis and improvement of mitochondrial function, while alk-B showed more protection. Alk-B could be a potential candidate agent for protecting against cardiotoxicity in Dox-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, QiuZhen College, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Jian Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China; (J.O.); (N.H.)
- Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Na Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China; (J.O.); (N.H.)
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-136-7865-9123 (G.L.); +86-139-9738-4106 (H.W.)
| | - Honglun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China; (J.O.); (N.H.)
- Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-136-7865-9123 (G.L.); +86-139-9738-4106 (H.W.)
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Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, Grebenchikov OA, Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. COVID-19 and Oxidative Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1543-1553. [PMID: 33705292 PMCID: PMC7768996 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the subject of active research around the world. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is a complex disease in which interaction of the virus with target cells, action of the immune system and the body’s systemic response to these events are closely intertwined. Many respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, cause death of the infected cells, activation of innate immune response, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. All these processes are associated with the development of oxidative stress, which makes an important contribution to pathogenesis of the viral infections. This review analyzes information on the oxidative stress associated with the infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The review also focuses on involvement of the vascular endothelium in the COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E N Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A S Prikhodko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Grebenchikov
- Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - L A Zinovkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - R A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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34
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Ding Y, Yu J, Guo Q, Gao B, Huang J. Molecular characterization of two Chinese pedigrees with maternally inherited hypertension. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3328. [PMID: 33625761 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) genes are associated with hypertension, although their pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, two Han Chinese families with maternally transmitted hypertension were interviewed. The mtDNA mutations of matrilineal relatives were screened by polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequencing. Mitochondrial ATP, membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also analyzed in polymononuclear leukocytes carrying these mt-tRNA mutations. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] were analyzed. RESULTS Nine of 13 adult matrilineal relatives of these pedigrees exhibited a wide range of severity of hypertension. The age at onset of hypertension was 30-62 years (average 46 years). Mutational screening of mitochondrial genomes revealed tRNAArg T10410C and T10454C mutations. Indeed, the m.T10454C and m.T10410C mutations occurred at conserved bases of TΨC-loop and acceptor arm of tRNAArg (positions 55 and 6), which are critical for tRNAArg post-transcriptional modification. Thus, the defects in tRNA modification may cause failure in tRNA metabolism, impairing mitochondrial translation. Biochemical analysis revealed that m.T10454C or m.T10410C mutation significantly reduced mitochondrial ATP and membrane potential and also increased ROS production in mutant cell lines (all p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in hypertensive patients markedly increased, whereas those of SOD and GSH-Px decreased (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that m.T10410C and m.T10454C mutations affect the structure and function of tRNAArg and consequently alter mitochondrial function and lead to oxidative stress, which are involved in the pathogenesis of maternally inherited hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiaoshan First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden worldwide. The kidneys, which have a high specific metabolic rate, play an essential role in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of renal metabolism in the development of hypertension. Renal energy and substrate metabolism is characterized by several important and, in some cases, unique features. Recent advances suggest that alterations of renal metabolism may result from genetic abnormalities or serve initially as a physiological response to environmental stressors to support tubular transport, which may ultimately affect regulatory pathways and lead to unfavorable cellular and pathophysiological consequences that contribute to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tian
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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36
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Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
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37
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Rai N, Shihan M, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Novoyatleva T. Genetic Delivery and Gene Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031179. [PMID: 33503992 PMCID: PMC7865388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive complex fatal disease of multiple etiologies. Hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of vascular cells of intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of pulmonary vessels trigger excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction in the course of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a subgroup of PH. Multiple gene mutation/s or dysregulated gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH by endorsing the proliferation and promoting the resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells. Given the vital role of these cells in PAH progression, the development of safe and efficient-gene therapeutic approaches that lead to restoration or down-regulation of gene expression, generally involved in the etiology of the disease is the need of the hour. Currently, none of the FDA-approved drugs provides a cure against PH, hence innovative tools may offer a novel treatment paradigm for this progressive and lethal disorder by silencing pathological genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or through gene-editing applications. Here, we review the effectiveness and limitations of the presently available gene therapy approaches for PH. We provide a brief survey of commonly existing and currently applicable gene transfer methods for pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and describe some more recent developments for gene delivery existing in the field of PH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabham Rai
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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38
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Hayashida K, Miyara SJ, Shinozaki K, Takegawa R, Yin T, Rolston DM, Choudhary RC, Guevara S, Molmenti EP, Becker LB. Inhaled Gases as Therapies for Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Recent Developments. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:586229. [PMID: 33585501 PMCID: PMC7873953 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.586229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), the survival rate, without neurologic sequelae after resuscitation, remains very low. Whole-body ischemia, followed by reperfusion after cardiac arrest (CA), contributes to PCAS, for which established pharmaceutical interventions are still lacking. It has been shown that a number of different processes can ultimately lead to neuronal injury and cell death in the pathology of PCAS, including vasoconstriction, protein modification, impaired mitochondrial respiration, cell death signaling, inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress. Recently, the pathophysiological effects of inhaled gases including nitric oxide (NO), molecular hydrogen (H2), and xenon (Xe) have attracted much attention. Herein, we summarize recent literature on the application of NO, H2, and Xe for treating PCAS. Recent basic and clinical research has shown that these gases have cytoprotective effects against PCAS. Nevertheless, there are likely differences in the mechanisms by which these gases modulate reperfusion injury after CA. Further preclinical and clinical studies examining the combinations of standard post-CA care and inhaled gas treatment to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury are warranted to improve outcomes in patients who are being failed by our current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Santiago J Miyara
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ryosuke Takegawa
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Daniel M Rolston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Rishabh C Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sara Guevara
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ernesto P Molmenti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Lance B Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States
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39
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Laaksonen J, Mishra PP, Seppälä I, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Lepistö M, Almusa H, Ellonen P, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Salonen JT, Lehtimäki T. Examining the effect of mitochondrial DNA variants on blood pressure in two Finnish cohorts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:611. [PMID: 33436758 PMCID: PMC7804469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. The effect of mitochondrial DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) on BP is less known than that of nuclear SNPs. We investigated the mitochondrial genetic determinants of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP. MtSNPs were determined from peripheral blood by sequencing or with genome-wide association study SNP arrays in two independent Finnish cohorts, the Young Finns Study and the Finnish Cardiovascular Study, respectively. In total, over 4200 individuals were included. The effects of individual common mtSNPs, with an additional focus on sex-specificity, and aggregates of rare mtSNPs grouped by mitochondrial genes were evaluated by meta-analysis of linear regression and a sequence kernel association test, respectively. We accounted for the predicted pathogenicity of the rare variants within protein-encoding and the tRNA regions. In the meta-analysis of 87 common mtSNPs, we did not observe significant associations with any of the BP traits. Sex-specific and rare-variant analyses did not pinpoint any significant associations either. Our results are in agreement with several previous studies suggesting that mtDNA variation does not have a significant role in the regulation of BP. Future studies might need to reconsider the mechanisms thought to link mtDNA with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
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40
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Han S, Zhai Y, Guo Q, Qin Y, Liu P. Maternal and Neonatal Complications in Patients With Diminished Ovarian Reserve in In-Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648287. [PMID: 33995280 PMCID: PMC8117157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is one of the most intractable clinical issues in human reproduction and is reported to be associated with raised risk of recurrent pregnancy loss and aneuploid blastocysts. In this study, we aimed to explore whether DOR was also associated with maternal and neonatal complications in in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. METHODS A retrospective cohort study including women below 40 years of age who achieved singleton live birth after fresh embryo transfer in in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in a single center from January 2012 to June 2019 was conducted. Participants with DOR, defined as basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≥ 10IU/L and antimullerian hormone (AMH) < 1.2ng/ml, were enrolled as the study group. The controls were 1:2 matched by age and body mass index with FSH < 10IU/L and AMH ≥ 1.2ng/ml. Maternal and neonatal complications were compared between the DOR group and the controls. RESULTS A total of 579 women, 193 in the DOR group and 386 matched as controls, were included in this study. Compared to controls, the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was significantly increased in the DOR group (5.7% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.021). DOR patients also presented slightly higher incidences of preterm birth (10.9% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.174) and low birthweight (6.2% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.704) yet without statistical significances. The incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus and placenta previa were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION Compared to women with normal ovarian reserve, women with diminished ovarian reserve might have elevated incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Patients with diminished ovarian reserve might need more strict antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Peihao Liu,
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41
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Mehrvar S, Foomani FH, Shimada S, Yang C, Zheleznova NN, Mostaghimi S, Cowley AW, Ranji M. The early effects of uninephrectomy on rat kidney metabolic state using optical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000089. [PMID: 32436651 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Uninephrectomy (UNX) is known to result in structural and metabolic changes to the remaining kidney, although it is uncertain if this alters the mitochondrial redox state and how soon such changes may occur. A custom-designed fluorescence cryo-imaging technique was used to quantitatively assess the effect of UNX by measuring the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the remaining kidney. Kidneys were snap-frozen 3 days following UNX, and the intrinsic fluorescence of NADH and FAD were optically acquired. The 3D images were created to characterize the NADH/FAD redox ratios (RR) of the right kidneys, which underwent UNX and the remaining kidneys 3 days following UNX. Both the NADPH-oxidases (Nox2 and Nox4) and the mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular epithelial cells. Responses to the UNX were obtained in kidneys of normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and SS rats in which NADPH-oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) was knocked out (SSNox4-/- ). The results found that each of the strains exhibited similar increase in kidney weights averaging 17% after 3 days of UNX. SD and SSNox4-/- rats both exhibited global reductions of the RR (P < .05) with a similar tendency observed in SS rats (P < .08), indicating increased ROS production. The unexpected reduction of the RR in the remnant kidneys of SSNox4-/- rats indicates that mechanisms independent of H2 O2 produced from Nox4 may be responsible for this global increase of ROS. We propose that the reduced RR was largely a consequence of enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics due to increased tubular workload of the remaining kidney. The data indicate that mitochondria become the dominant source of increased ROS following UNX and could represent an important hypertrophic signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Farnaz H Foomani
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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42
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Zhang Y, Qian H, Wu B, You S, Wu S, Lu S, Wang P, Cao L, Zhang N, Sun Y. E3 Ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 family‑regulatory network in cardiovascular disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2727-2740. [PMID: 33110392 PMCID: PMC7586430 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination represents a critical modification occurring after translation. E3 ligase catalyzes the covalent binding of ubiquitin to the protein substrate, which could be degraded. Ubiquitination as an important protein post-translational modification is closely related to cardiovascular disease. The NEDD4 family, belonging to HECT class of E3 ubiquitin ligases can recognize different substrate proteins, including PTEN, ENaC, Nav1.5, SMAD2, PARP1, Septin4, ALK1, SERCA2a, TGFβR3 and so on, via the WW domain to catalyze ubiquitination, thus participating in multiple cardiovascular-related disease such as hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiotoxicity, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac remodeling, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension and heart valve disease. However, there is currently no review comprehensively clarifying the important role of NEDD4 family proteins in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the present review summarized recent studies about NEDD4 family members in cardiovascular disease, providing novel insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In addition, assessing transgenic animals and performing gene silencing would further identify the ubiquitination targets of NEDD4. NEDD4 quantification in clinical samples would also constitute an important method for determining NEDD4 significance in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Saien Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Staff scientist, Center for Molecular Medicine National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, the United States
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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43
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Zhuge Y, Zhang J, Qian F, Wen Z, Niu C, Xu K, Ji H, Rong X, Chu M, Jia C. Role of smooth muscle cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2741-2751. [PMID: 33110393 PMCID: PMC7586427 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normally, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are localized in the tunica media of the vasculature, where they take responsibility for vascular contraction and extracellular matrix (ECM) generation. SMCs also play a significant role in obedience and elastic rebound of the artery in response to the haemodynamic condition. However, under pathological or stressed conditions, phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic state or other cell types will occur in SMCs to positively or negatively contribute to disease progression. Various studies demonstrated that functional changes of SMCs are implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we present the function of vascular SMCs (VSMCs) and the involved molecular mechanisms about phenotype switching, and summarize the roles of SMCs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, arterial aneurysms and myocardial infarction, hoping to obtain potential therapeutic targets against cardiovascular disease in the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Zhuge
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Fanyu Qian
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ji
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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44
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Rao KNS, Shen X, Pardue S, Krzywanski DM. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) regulates mitochondrial ROS and endothelial dysfunction in response to angiotensin II. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101650. [PMID: 32763515 PMCID: PMC7408723 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical, initiating step in the development of hypertension (HTN) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to endothelial dysfunction. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene that are associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for HTN. NNT is emerging as an important enzyme that regulates mitochondrial NADPH levels and mitochondrial redox balance by supporting the thiol dependent peroxidase systems in the mitochondria. We have previously shown that the absence of NNT in C57Bl/6J animals promotes a more severe hypertensive phenotype through reductions in •NO and endothelial dependent vessel dilation. However, the impact of NNT on human endothelial cell function remains unclear. We utilized NNT directed shRNA in human aortic endothelial cells to test the hypothesis that NNT critically regulates mitochondrial redox balance and endothelial function in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). We demonstrate that NNT expression and activity are elevated in response to the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with Ang II treatment. Knockdown of NNT led to a significant elevation of mitochondrial ROS production and impaired glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities associated with a reduction in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Loss of NNT also promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and impaired ATP production in response to Ang II. Finally, we observed that, while the loss of NNT augmented eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177, neither eNOS activity nor nitric oxide production were similarly increased. The results from these studies clearly demonstrate that NNT is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance and mitochondrial function. Loss of NNT and disruption of redox balance leads to oxidative stress that compromises eNOS activity that could have a profound effect on the endothelium dependent regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Shashanka Rao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, United States
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, United States
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, United States
| | - David M Krzywanski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, United States.
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45
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Forrester SJ, Preston KJ, Cooper HA, Boyer MJ, Escoto KM, Poltronetti AJ, Elliott KJ, Kuroda R, Miyao M, Sesaki H, Akiyama T, Kimura Y, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Mitochondrial Fission Mediates Endothelial Inflammation. Hypertension 2020; 76:267-276. [PMID: 32389075 PMCID: PMC7289685 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, yet, a unifying mechanism tying them together remains limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently associated with mitochondrial fission/fragmentation mediated by the GTPase Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1). Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a master regulator of inflammation, is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and resultant complications. Here, we explore a causal relationship between mitochondrial fission and NF-κB activation in endothelial inflammatory responses. In cultured endothelial cells, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) or lipopolysaccharide induces mitochondrial fragmentation. Inhibition of Drp1 activity or expression suppresses mitochondrial fission, NF-κB activation, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induction, and leukocyte adhesion induced by these proinflammatory factors. Moreover, attenuations of inflammatory leukocyte adhesion were observed in Drp1 heterodeficient mice as well as endothelial Drp1 silenced mice. Intriguingly, inhibition of the canonical NF-κB signaling suppresses endothelial mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, NF-κB p65/RelA seems to mediate inflammatory mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells. In addition, the classical anti-inflammatory drug, salicylate, seems to maintain mitochondrial fission/fusion balance against TNF-α via inhibition of NF-κB. In conclusion, our results suggest a previously unknown mechanism whereby the canonical NF-κB cascade and a mitochondrial fission pathway interdependently regulate endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Kyle J. Preston
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hannah A. Cooper
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Boyer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen M. Escoto
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Anthony J. Poltronetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Katherine J. Elliott
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ryohei Kuroda
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Masashi Miyao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA19140
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
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46
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Pauls AD, Sandhu V, Young D, Nevay DL, Yeung DF, Sirrs S, Tsang MY, Tsang TSM, Lehman A, Mezei MM, Poburko D. High rate of hypertension in patients with m.3243A>G MELAS mutations and POLG variants. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:194-202. [PMID: 32502631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that decreased vascular mitochondrial DNA copy number can promote hypertension. We conducted a chart review of blood pressure and hemodynamics in patients with either mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS, n = 36) or individuals with variants in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG, n = 26). The latter included both pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance (VUS). Hypertension rates (MELAS 50%, POLG 50%) were elevated relative to Canadian norms in 20-39 (MELAS) and 40-59 (MELAS and POLG) years of age groups. Peripheral resistance was high in the hypertensive versus normotensive patients, potentially indicative of microvascular disease. Despite antihypertensive treatment, systolic blood pressure remained elevated in the POLG versus MELAS group. The risk of hypertension was not associated with MELAS heteroplasmy. Hypertension rates were not different between individuals with known pathogenic POLG variants and those with VUS, including common variants. Hypertension (HT) also did not differ between patients with POLG variants with (n = 17) and without chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia (n = 9) (CPEO). HT was associated with variants in all three functional domains of POLG. These findings suggest that both pathogenic variants and several VUS in the POLG gene may promote human hypertension and extend our past reports that increased risk of HT is associated with MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Pauls
- Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Vikrant Sandhu
- Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Dana Young
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dayna-Lynn Nevay
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darwin F Yeung
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Sirrs
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Y Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa S M Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle M Mezei
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Damon Poburko
- Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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47
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El-Mahdy MA, Abdelghany TM, Hemann C, Ewees MG, Mahgoup EM, Eid MS, Shalaan MT, Alzarie YA, Zweier JL. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure triggers a vicious cycle of leukocyte and endothelial-mediated oxidant stress that results in vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H51-H65. [PMID: 32412791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00657.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a strong association between cigarette smoking exposure (CSE) and vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED), the underlying mechanisms by which CSE triggers VED remain unclear. Therefore, studies were performed to define these mechanisms using a chronic mouse model of cigarette smoking (CS)-induced cardiovascular disease mirroring that in humans. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to CSE for up to 48 wk. CSE impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation of aortic and mesenteric segments and triggered hypertension, with mean arterial blood pressure at 32 and 48 wk of exposure of 122 ± 6 and 135 ± 5 mmHg compared with 99 ± 4 and 102 ± 6 mmHg, respectively, in air-exposed mice. CSE led to monocyte activation with superoxide generation in blood exiting the pulmonary circulation. Macrophage infiltration with concomitant increase in NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and gp91phox was seen in aortas of CS-exposed mice at 16 wk, with further increase out to 48 wk. Associated with this, increased superoxide production was detected that decreased with Nox inhibition. Tetrahydrobiopterin was progressively depleted in CS-exposed mice but not in air-exposed controls, resulting in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and secondary superoxide generation. CSE led to a time-dependent decrease in eNOS and Akt expression and phosphorylation. Overall, CSE induces vascular monocyte infiltration with increased NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species generation and depletes the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, uncoupling eNOS and triggering a vicious cycle of oxidative stress with VED and hypertension. Our study provides important insights toward understanding the process by which smoking contributes to the genesis of cardiovascular disease and identifies biomarkers predictive of disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a chronic model of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease, we define underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). Smoking exposure triggered VED and hypertension and led to vascular macrophage infiltration with concomitant increase in superoxide and NADPH oxidase levels as early as 16 wk of exposure. This oxidative stress was accompanied by tetrahydrobiopterin depletion, resulting in endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling with further superoxide generation triggering a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and VED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Craig Hemann
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Eid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Shalaan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin A Alzarie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Helwan University, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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48
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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49
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Noh MR, Kong MJ, Han SJ, Kim JI, Park KM. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency aggravates prolonged high-fat diet intake-induced hypertension. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101548. [PMID: 32388270 PMCID: PMC7210593 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of hypertension is associated with mitochondrial redox balance disruptions. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). We investigated the association of IDH2 between the development of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension. Idh2 gene-deleted (Idh2-/-) male mice and wild-type (Idh2+/+) littermates were fed either HFD or low-fat diet (LFD). Some mice were administrated with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. HFD feeding increased blood pressure (BP) in both Idh2-/- mice and Idh2+/+ mice. HFD-induced BP increase was greater in Idh2-/- than Idh2+/+ mice. HFD intake decreased IDH2 activity, NADPH levels, and the GSH/(GSH + GSSG) ratio in the renal mitochondria. However, HFD intake increased mitochondrial ROS levels, along with the accompanying oxidative stress and damage. HFD intake increased angiotensin II receptor 1 type 1 mRNA levels in the kidneys and plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations. These HFD-induced changes were more prominent in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. Mito-TEMPO mitigated the HFD-induced changes in both Idh2-/- and Idh2+/+ mice, with greater effects in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Qian H, Zhang N, Wu B, Wu S, You S, Zhang Y, Sun Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 regulates PARP1 stability to alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4600-4611. [PMID: 32167680 PMCID: PMC7176845 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress injury is involved in many cardiovascular diseases, like hypertension and myocardial infarction. Ubiquitination is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification that controls a wide range of biological functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of cells in physiology and disease. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress damage is inextricably linked to ubiquitination. We demonstrate that Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitinated ligase, is involved in HUVEC apoptosis induced by oxidative stress to alleviate H2 O2 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). At the same time, we found that Smurf2 can bind the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP1), and the interaction is enhanced under the stimulation of oxidative stress. We further study and prove that Smurf2 can promote PARP1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, we demonstrate Smurf2 degradation of overactivated PARP1 by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to protect HUVEC and alleviate oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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