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Bertero E, Popoiu TA, Maack C. Mitochondrial calcium in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:569-585. [PMID: 38890208 PMCID: PMC11319510 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signals play a central role in cardiac homeostasis and disease. In the healthy heart, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels modulate the rate of oxidative metabolism to match the rate of adenosine triphosphate consumption in the cytosol. During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, pathologically high levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which releases solutes and small proteins from the matrix, causing mitochondrial swelling and ultimately leading to cell death. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to tune mitochondrial Ca2+ handling by regulating the activity of the main Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways, i.e., the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and sodium/Ca2+ exchanger, represent promising therapeutic strategies to protect the heart from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Huang K, Yang W, Shi M, Wang S, Li Y, Xu Z. The Role of TPM3 in Protecting Cardiomyocyte from Hypoxia-Induced Injury via Cytoskeleton Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6797. [PMID: 38928503 PMCID: PMC11203979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major global health concern, with ischemia-reperfusion injury exacerbating myocardial damage despite therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigated the role of tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) in protecting cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury and oxidative stress. Using the AC16 and H9c2 cell lines, we established a chemical hypoxia model by treating cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to simulate low-oxygen conditions. We found that CoCl2 treatment significantly upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in cardiomyocytes, indicating the successful induction of hypoxia. Subsequent morphological and biochemical analyses revealed that hypoxia altered cardiomyocyte morphology disrupted the cytoskeleton, and caused cellular damage, accompanied by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicative of oxidative stress. Lentivirus-mediated TPM3 overexpression attenuated hypoxia-induced morphological changes, cellular damage, and oxidative stress imbalance, while TPM3 knockdown exacerbated these effects. Furthermore, treatment with the HDAC1 inhibitor MGCD0103 partially reversed the exacerbation of hypoxia-induced injury caused by TPM3 knockdown. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis suggested that TPM3 may modulate cardiac muscle development, contraction, and adrenergic signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of TPM3 modulation in mitigating hypoxia-associated cardiac injury, suggesting a promising avenue for the treatment of ischemic heart disease and other hypoxia-related cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Weijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
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Appleby S, Aitken-Buck HM, Holdaway MS, Byers MS, Frampton CM, Paton LN, Richards AM, Lamberts RR, Pemberton CJ. Cardiac effects of myoregulin in ischemia-reperfusion. Peptides 2024; 174:171156. [PMID: 38246425 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Myoregulin is a recently discovered micropeptide that controls calcium levels by inhibiting the intracellular calcium pump sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Keeping calcium levels balanced in the heart is essential for normal heart functioning, thus myoregulin has the potential to be a crucial regulator of cardiac muscle performance by reducing the rate of intracellular Ca2+ uptake. We provide the first report of myoregulin mRNA expression in human heart tissue, absence of expression in human plasma, and the effects of myoregulin on cardiac hemodynamics in an ex vivo Langendorff isolated rat heart model of ischemia/reperfusion. In this preliminary study, myoregulin provided a cardio-protective effect, as assessed by preservation of left ventricular contractility and relaxation, during ischemia/reperfusion. This study provides the foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Appleby
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Mark S Holdaway
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Mathew S Byers
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Chris M Frampton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Louise N Paton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - A Mark Richards
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Department of Cardiology, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore.
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher J Pemberton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
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Dubois M, Boulghobra D, Rochebloine G, Pallot F, Yehya M, Bornard I, Gayrard S, Coste F, Walther G, Meyer G, Gaillard JC, Armengaud J, Alpha-Bazin B, Reboul C. Hyperglycemia triggers RyR2-dependent alterations of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion: Key role of DRP1 activation. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103044. [PMID: 38266577 PMCID: PMC10835010 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia increases the heart sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion (IR), but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Mitochondrial dynamics (the processes that govern mitochondrial morphology and their interactions with other organelles, such as the reticulum), has emerged as a key factor in the heart vulnerability to IR. However, it is unknown whether mitochondrial dynamics contributes to hyperglycemia deleterious effect during IR. We hypothesized that (i) the higher heart vulnerability to IR in hyperglycemic conditions could be explained by hyperglycemia effect on the complex interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; and (ii) the activation of DRP1, a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, could play a central role. Using transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis, we showed that the interactions between sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and mitochondrial fission were increased during IR in isolated rat hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer compared with hearts perfused with a normoglycemic buffer. In isolated mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, hyperglycemia increased mitochondrial ROS production and Ca2+ uptake. This was associated with higher RyR2 instability. These results could contribute to explain the early mPTP activation in mitochondria from isolated hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer and in hearts from streptozotocin-treated rats (to increase the blood glucose). DRP1 inhibition by Mdivi-1 during the hyperglycemic phase and before IR induction, normalized Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, mPTP activation, and reduced the heart sensitivity to IR in streptozotocin-treated rats. In conclusion, hyperglycemia-dependent DRP1 activation results in higher reticulum-mitochondria calcium exchange that contribute to the higher heart vulnerability to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dubois
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | | | - Florian Pallot
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Marc Yehya
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Isabelle Bornard
- UR407 INRAE Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | | | - Florence Coste
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Gregory Meyer
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France.
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Pfeuffer AKM, Küpfer LK, Shankar TS, Drakos SG, Volk T, Seidel T. Ryanodine Receptor Staining Identifies Viable Cardiomyocytes in Human and Rabbit Cardiac Tissue Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13514. [PMID: 37686327 PMCID: PMC10488113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of preserving multicellularity and myocardial function in vitro, the cultivation of beating myocardial slices is an emerging technique in basic and translational cardiac research. It can be used, for example, for drug screening or to study pathomechanisms. Here, we describe staining for viable cardiomyocytes based on the immunofluorescence of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in human and rabbit myocardial slices. Biomimetic chambers were used for culture and measurements of contractile force. Fixable fluorophore-conjugated dextran, entering cells with a permeable membrane, was used for death staining. RyRs, nuclei and the extracellular matrix, including the t-system, were additionally stained and analyzed by confocal microscopy and image processing. We found the mutual exclusion of the RyR and dextran signals in cultivated slices. T-System density and nucleus size were reduced in RyR-negative/dextran-positive myocytes. The fraction of RyR-positive myocytes and pixels correlated with the contractile force. In RyR-positive/dextran-positive myocytes, we found irregular RyR clusters and SERCA distribution patterns, confirmed by an altered power spectrum. We conclude that RyR immunofluorescence indicates viable cardiomyocytes in vibratome-cut myocardial slices, facilitating the detection and differential structural analysis of living vs. dead or dying myocytes. We suggest the loss of sarcoplasmic reticulum integrity as an early event during cardiomyocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin M. Pfeuffer
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.M.P.); (L.K.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Linda K. Küpfer
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.M.P.); (L.K.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.S.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.S.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - Tilmann Volk
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.M.P.); (L.K.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.M.P.); (L.K.K.); (T.V.)
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6
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Plasterer C, Semenikhina M, Tsaih SW, Flister MJ, Palygin O. NNAT is a novel mediator of oxidative stress that suppresses ER + breast cancer. Mol Med 2023; 29:87. [PMID: 37400769 PMCID: PMC10318825 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) was recently identified as a novel mediator of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, which correlated with decreased tumorigenic potential and prolonged patient survival. However, despite these observations, the molecular and pathophysiological role(s) of NNAT in ER + breast cancer remains unclear. Based on high protein homology with phospholamban, we hypothesized that NNAT mediates the homeostasis of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i levels and endoplasmic reticulum (EndoR) function, which is frequently disrupted in ER + breast cancer and other malignancies. METHODS To evaluate the role of NNAT on [Ca2+]i homeostasis, we used a combination of bioinformatics, gene expression and promoter activity assays, CRISPR gene manipulation, pharmacological tools and confocal imaging to characterize the association between ROS, NNAT and calcium signaling. RESULTS Our data indicate that NNAT localizes predominantly to EndoR and lysosome, and genetic manipulation of NNAT levels demonstrated that NNAT modulates [Ca2+]i influx and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of calcium channels revealed that NNAT regulates [Ca2+]i levels in breast cancer cells through the interaction with ORAI but not the TRPC signaling cascade. Furthermore, NNAT is transcriptionally regulated by NRF1, PPARα, and PPARγ and is strongly upregulated by oxidative stress via the ROS and PPAR signaling cascades. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that NNAT expression is mediated by oxidative stress and acts as a regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis to impact ER + breast cancer proliferation, thus providing a molecular link between the longstanding observation that is accumulating ROS and altered Ca2+ signaling are key oncogenic drivers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Plasterer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Zhao L, Zhang H, Li N, Chen J, Xu H, Wang Y, Liang Q. Network pharmacology, a promising approach to reveal the pharmacology mechanism of Chinese medicine formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116306. [PMID: 36858276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on systems biology theory, biological system network analysis, and multi-target drug molecule design specific signal node selection. The mechanism of action of TCM formula has the characteristics of multiple targets and levels. The mechanism is similar to the integrity, systematization and comprehensiveness of network pharmacology, so network pharmacology is suitable for the study of the pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicine compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper summarizes the present application status and existing problems of network pharmacology in the field of Chinese medicine formula, and formulates the research ideas, up-to-date key technology and application method and strategy of network pharmacology. Its purpose is to provide guidance and reference for using network pharmacology to reveal the modern scientific connotation of Chinese medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using the keywords "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herb medicine" and "network pharmacology". The literature cited in this review dates from 2002 to 2022. RESULTS Using network pharmacology methods to predict the basis and mechanism of pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines has become a trend. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology is a promising approach to reveal the pharmacology mechanism of Chinese medicine formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinman Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Optimized Conditions for the Long-Term Maintenance of Precision-Cut Murine Myocardium in Biomimetic Tissue Culture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020171. [PMID: 36829664 PMCID: PMC9952453 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic heart slices from mice might provide a promising in vitro model for cardiac research because of the vast availability of genetically modified specimens, combined with the unrestricted feasibility of experimental interventions. However, murine heart slices undergo rapid degeneration in culture. Therefore, we developed optimal conditions to preserve their structure and function in culture. Mouse ventricular heart samples were transversely cut into 300 µm thick slices. Slices were then cultured under various conditions of diastolic preload, systolic compliance and medium agitation. Continuous stimulation was performed either by optical stimulation or by electrical field stimulation. Contractility was continuously measured, and cellular survival, structure and gene expression were analyzed. Significant improvements in viability and function were achieved by elastic fixation with the appropriate diastolic preload and the rapid shaking of a ß-mercaptoethanol-supplemented medium. At 1 Hz pacing, mouse heart slices maintained stable contractility for up to 48 h under optogenetic pacing and for one week under electrical pacing. In cultured slices, the native myofibril structure was well preserved, and the mRNAs of myosin light chain, titin and connexin 43 were constantly expressed. Conclusions: Adult murine heart slices can be preserved for one week and provide a new opportunity to study cardiac functions.
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Morishita Y, Tamura S, Mochizuki K, Harada Y, Takamatsu T, Hosoi H, Tanaka H. Generation of myocyte agonal Ca 2+ waves and contraction bands in perfused rat hearts following irreversible membrane permeabilisation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:803. [PMID: 36646772 PMCID: PMC9842683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although irreversible cardiomyocyte injury provokes intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) overload, the underlying dynamics of this response and its effects on cellular morphology remain unknown. We therefore visualised rapid-scanning confocal fluo4-[Ca2+]i dynamics and morphology of cardiomyocytes in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts following saponin-membrane permeabilisation. Our data demonstrate that 0.4% saponin-treated myocytes immediately exhibited high-frequency Ca2+ waves (131.3 waves/min/cell) with asynchronous, oscillatory contractions having a mean propagation velocity of 117.8 μm/s. These waves slowly decreased in frequency, developed a prolonged decay phase, and disappeared in 10 min resulting in high-static, fluo4-fluorescence intensity. The myocytes showing these waves displayed contraction bands, i.e., band-like actin-fibre aggregates with disruption of sarcomeric α-actinin. The contraction bands were not attenuated by the abolition of Ca2+ waves under pretreatment with ryanodine plus thapsigargin, but were partially attenuated by the calpain inhibitor MDL28170, while mechanical arrest of the myocytes by 2,3-butanedione monoxime completely attenuated contraction-band formation. The depletion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate by the mitochondrial electron uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone also attenuated Ca2+ waves and contraction bands. Overall, saponin-induced myocyte [Ca2+]i overload provokes agonal Ca2+ waves and contraction bands. Contraction bands are not the direct consequence of the waves but are caused by cross-bridge interactions of the myocytes under calpain-mediated proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morishita
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shoko Tamura
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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10
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Dai LA, Chen XY, Li WJ, Yang JH, Lin MJ, Li XS, Zeng YF, Chen SW, Xie ZL, Zhu ZL, Li XJ, Huang HS. Sigma-1 Receptor and Binding Immunoglobulin Protein Interact with Ulinastatin Contributing to a Protective Effect in Rat Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. World Neurosurg 2022; 158:e488-e494. [PMID: 34767993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate impact of ulinastatin (UTI) on sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, MCAO, MCAO+50,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+100,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+200,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+300,000 U/kg UTI. At 24 and 48 hours after MCAO, infarct volume, neurological dysfunction, and grip strength test were measured, and level of σ1R and BiP proteins was further detected using Western blot. Molecular docking assays were carried out to verify interaction between σ1R, BiP, and UTI. The serum concentration of BiP and the binding assay between σ1R, BiP, and UTI were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS UTI increased the modified neurological severity score and upregulated σ1R and BiP expression in the cerebral cortex after MCAO. The grip strength of forelimbs increased significantly in the MCAO+200,000 U/kg UTI and MCAO+300,000 U/kg UTI groups compared with the MCAO group, while BiP serum levels remained unchanged. The molecular docking assay indicated putative binding between σ1R, BiP, and UTI. The binding assay also revealed that both σ1R and BiP could be combined with UTI. CONCLUSIONS UTI displays a neuroprotective effect via upregulation of σ1R and BiP during ischemia/reperfusion injury, suggesting that UTI modulates σ1R and BiP and their interaction may provide a novel insight into potential therapeutic mechanisms for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ao Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Liang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Sen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Wu D, Kampmann E, Qian G. Novel Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750177. [PMID: 34777013 PMCID: PMC8582487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of bioactive peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) within known mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. MDPs may affect the expression of nuclear genes and play cytoprotective roles against chronic and age-related diseases by maintaining mitochondrial function and cell viability in the face of metabolic stress and cytotoxic insults. In this review, we summarize clinical and experimental findings indicating that MDPs act as local and systemic regulators of glucose homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and adaptive stress responses, and focus on evidence supporting the protective effects of MDPs against myocardial infarction. These insights into MDPs actions suggest their potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and should encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Enny Kampmann
- School of Life Sciences, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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12
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Mata A, Cadenas S. The Antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11939. [PMID: 34769371 PMCID: PMC8585042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls cellular defense responses against toxic and oxidative stress by modulating the expression of genes involved in antioxidant response and drug detoxification. In addition to maintaining redox homeostasis, Nrf2 is also involved in various cellular processes including metabolism and inflammation. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, which allows cells to quickly respond to pathological stress. In the present review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. We also focus on the impact of Nrf2 in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition that stimulates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we analyze the protective effect of several natural and synthetic compounds that induce Nrf2 activation and protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and other organs, and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mata
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Liu J, Song X, Yan Y, Liu B. Role of GTPase-Dependent Mitochondrial Dynamins in Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:720085. [PMID: 34660720 PMCID: PMC8514750 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.720085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart function maintenance requires a large amount of energy, which is supplied by the mitochondria. In addition to providing energy to cardiomyocytes, mitochondria also play an important role in maintaining cell function and homeostasis. Although adult cardiomyocyte mitochondria appear as independent, low-static organelles, morphological changes have been observed in cardiomyocyte mitochondria under stress or pathological conditions. Indeed, cardiac mitochondrial fission and fusion are involved in the occurrence and development of heart diseases. As mitochondrial fission and fusion are primarily regulated by mitochondrial dynamins in a GTPase-dependent manner, GTPase-dependent mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission (DRP1) proteins, which are abundant in the adult heart, can also be regulated in heart diseases. In fact, these dynamic proteins have been shown to play important roles in specific diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and metabolic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the role of GTPase-dependent mitochondrial fusion and fission protein-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in the occurrence and development of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Overexpression of Transcripts Coding for Renin-b but Not for Renin-a Reduce Oxidative Stress and Increase Cardiomyoblast Survival under Starvation Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051204. [PMID: 34069146 PMCID: PMC8156538 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A stimulated renin-angiotensin system is known to promote oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis and fibrosis. Renin transcripts (renin-b; renin-c) encoding a cytosolic renin isoform have been discovered that may in contrast to the commonly known secretory renin (renin-a) exert protective effects Here, we analyzed the effect of renin-a and renin-b overexpression in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts on apoptosis and necrosis as well as on potential mechanisms involved in cell death processes. To mimic ischemic conditions, cells were exposed to glucose starvation, anoxia or combined oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) for 24 h. Under OGD, control cells exhibited markedly increased necrotic and apoptotic cell death accompanied by enhanced ROS accumulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP levels. The effects of OGD on necrosis were exaggerated in renin-a cells, but markedly diminished in renin-b cells. However, with respect to apoptosis, the effects of OGD were almost completely abolished in renin-b cells but interestingly also moderately diminished in renin-a cells. Under glucose depletion we found opposing responses between renin-a and renin-b cells; while the rate of necrosis and apoptosis was aggravated in renin-a cells, it was attenuated in renin-b cells. Based on our results, strategies targeting the regulation of cytosolic renin-b as well as the identification of pathways involved in the protective effects of renin-b may be helpful to improve the treatment of ischemia-relevant diseases.
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15
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Bou-Teen D, Kaludercic N, Weissman D, Turan B, Maack C, Di Lisa F, Ruiz-Meana M. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:109-124. [PMID: 33716106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure, the two worldwide leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. However, ROS generation is also a fundamental mitochondrial function that orchestrates several signaling pathways, some of them exerting cardioprotective effects. In cardiac myocytes, mitochondria are particularly abundant and are specialized in subcellular populations, in part determined by their relationships with other organelles and their cyclic calcium handling activity necessary for adequate myocardial contraction/relaxation and redox balance. Depending on their subcellular location, mitochondria can themselves be differentially targeted by ROS and display distinct age-dependent functional decline. Thus, precise mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at counteracting unregulated ROS production are expected to have therapeutic benefits in certain aging-related heart conditions. However, for an adequate design of such therapies, it is necessary to unravel the complex and dynamic interactions between mitochondria and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bou-Teen
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain.
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16
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Tian F, Zhang Y. Overexpression of SERCA2a Alleviates Cardiac Microvascular Ischemic Injury by Suppressing Mfn2-Mediated ER/Mitochondrial Calcium Tethering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636553. [PMID: 33869181 PMCID: PMC8047138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that type-2a Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) undergoes posttranscriptional oxidative modifications in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in the context of excessive cardiac oxidative injury. However, whether SERCA2a inactivity induces cytosolic Ca2+ imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis is far from clear. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) is well known as an important protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/mitochondrial Ca2+ tethering and the regulation of mitochondrial quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to elucidate the specific mechanism of SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria via Mfn2 tethering and the survival rate of the heart under conditions of cardiac microvascular ischemic injury. In vitro, CMECs extracted from mice were subjected to 6 h of hypoxic injury to mimic ischemic heart injury. C57-WT and Mfn2KO mice were subjected to a 1 h ischemia procedure via ligation of the left anterior descending branch to establish an in vivo cardiac ischemic injury model. TTC staining, immunohistochemistry and echocardiography were used to assess the myocardial infarct size, microvascular damage, and heart function. In vitro, ischemic injury induced irreversible oxidative modification of SERCA2a, including sulfonylation at cysteine 674 and nitration at tyrosine 294/295, and inactivation of SERCA2a, which initiated calcium overload. In addition, ischemic injury-triggered [Ca2+]c overload and subsequent [Ca2+]m overload led to mPTP opening and ΔΨm dissipation compared with the control. Furthermore, ablation of Mfn2 alleviated SERCA2a-induced mitochondrial calcium overload and subsequent mito-apoptosis in the context of CMEC hypoxic injury. In vivo, compared with that in wild-type mice, the myocardial infarct size in Mfn2KO mice was significantly decreased. In addition, the findings revealed that Mfn2KO mice had better heart contractile function, decreased myocardial infarction indicators, and improved mitochondrial morphology. Taken together, the results of our study suggested that SERCA2a-dependent [Ca2+]c overload led to mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of Mfn2-mediated [Ca2+]m overload. Overexpression of SERCA2a or ablation of Mfn2 expression mitigated mitochondrial morphological and functional damage by modifying the SERCA2a/Ca2+-Mfn2 pathway. Overall, these pathways are promising therapeutic targets for acute cardiac microvascular ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Røsand Ø, Høydal MA. Cardiac Exosomes in Ischemic Heart Disease- A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020269. [PMID: 33572486 PMCID: PMC7916440 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the primary cause of death globally. IHD is associated with the disruption of blood supply to the heart muscles, which often results in myocardial infarction (MI) that further may progress to heart failure (HF). Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by virtually all types of cells, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes represent an important means of cell–cell communication through the transport of proteins, coding and non-coding RNA, and other bioactive molecules. Several studies show that exosomes play an important role in the progression of IHD, including endothelial dysfunction, the development of arterial atherosclerosis, ischemic reperfusion injury, and HF development. Recently, promising data have been shown that designates exosomes as carriers of cardioprotective molecules that enhance the survival of recipient cells undergoing ischemia. In this review, we summarize the functional involvement of exosomes regarding IHD. We also highlight the cardioprotective effects of native and bioengineered exosomes to IHD, as well as the possibility of using exosomes as natural biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed before exosomes can be used in clinical applications.
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18
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Dissecting Cellular Mechanisms of Long-Chain Acylcarnitines-Driven Cardiotoxicity: Disturbance of Calcium Homeostasis, Activation of Ca 2+-Dependent Phospholipases, and Mitochondrial Energetics Collapse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207461. [PMID: 33050414 PMCID: PMC7589681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC) are implicated in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Yet, molecular mechanisms underlying involvement of LCAC in cardiac injury are not sufficiently studied. It is known that in cardiomyocytes, palmitoylcarnitine (PC) can induce cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, implicating L-type calcium channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and Ca2+-release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Alternatively, PC can evoke dissipation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Here, to dissect the complex nature of PC action on Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cardiomyocytes and mitochondria, the methods of fluorescent microscopy, perforated path-clamp, and mitochondrial assays were used. We found that LCAC in dose-dependent manner can evoke Ca2+-sparks and oscillations, long-living Ca2+ enriched microdomains, and, finally, Ca2+ overload leading to hypercontracture and cardiomyocyte death. Collectively, PC-driven cardiotoxicity involves: (I) redistribution of Ca2+ from SR to mitochondria with minimal contribution of external calcium influx; (II) irreversible inhibition of Krebs cycle and OXPHOS underlying limited mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering; (III) induction of mPTP reinforced by PC-calcium interplay; (IV) activation of Ca2+-dependent phospholipases cPLA2 and PLC. Based on the inhibitory analysis we may suggest that simultaneous inhibition of both phospholipases could be an effective strategy for protection against PC-mediated toxicity in cardiomyocytes.
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19
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Papapetropoulos A, Turan B, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P, Daiber A, Di Lisa F. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NO and H 2 S in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6510-6522. [PMID: 32383522 PMCID: PMC7299678 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signalling in mitochondria plays an important role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in cardioprotection. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) modify cellular structures and functions by means of covalent changes in proteins including among others S‐nitros(yl)ation by nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, and S‐sulphydration by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Many enzymes are involved in the mitochondrial formation and handling of ROS, NO and H2S under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the balance between formation and removal of reactive species is impaired during I/R favouring their accumulation. Therefore, various interventions aimed at decreasing mitochondrial ROS accumulation have been developed and have shown cardioprotective effects in experimental settings. However, ROS, NO and H2S play also a role in endogenous cardioprotection, as in the case of ischaemic pre‐conditioning, so that preventing their increase might hamper self‐defence mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to provide a critical analysis of formation and role of reactive species, NO and H2S in mitochondria, with a special emphasis on mechanisms of injury and protection that determine the fate of hearts subjected to I/R. The elucidation of the signalling pathways of ROS, NO and H2S is likely to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Non-secretory renin reduces oxidative stress and increases cardiomyoblast survival during glucose and oxygen deprivation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2329. [PMID: 32047214 PMCID: PMC7012910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the renin-angiotensin system usually promotes oxidative stress and cell death, renin transcripts have been discovered, whose transcription product may be cardioprotective. These transcripts encode a non-secretory renin isoform that is localized in the cytosol and within mitochondria. Here we tested the hypotheses that cytosolic renin [ren(2-9)] expression promotes cell survival under hypoxia and glucose depletion by preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and mitigating the accumulation of ROS. To simulate ischemic insults, we exposed H9c2 cells to glucose deprivation, anoxia or to combined oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 24 hours and determined renin expression. Furthermore, H9c2 cells transfected with the empty pIRES vector (pIRES cells) or ren(2-9) cDNA-containing vector [ren(2-9) cells] were analyzed for cell death, ∆Ψm, ATP levels, accumulation of ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ content. In pIRES cells, expression of ren(1A-9) was stimulated under all three ischemia-related conditions. After OGD, the cells lost their ∆Ψm and exhibited enhanced ROS accumulation, increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, decreased ATP levels as well as increased cell death. In contrast, ren(2-9) cells were markedly protected from these effects. Ren(2-9) appears to represent a protective response to OGD by reducing ROS generation and preserving mitochondrial functions. Therefore, it is a promising new target for the prevention of ischemia-induced myocardial damage.
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21
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium signaling in muscle cells: Homeostasis and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:197-264. [PMID: 32138900 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive, dynamic and heterogeneous membranous network that fulfills multiple homeostatic functions. Among them, it compartmentalizes, stores and releases calcium within the intracellular space. In the case of muscle cells, calcium released from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum in the vicinity of the contractile machinery induces cell contraction. Furthermore, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium also regulates gene transcription in the nucleus, energy metabolism in mitochondria and cytosolic signaling pathways. These diverse and overlapping processes require a highly complex fine-tuning that the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum provides by means of its numerous tubules and cisternae, specialized domains and contacts with other organelles. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum also possesses a rich calcium-handling machinery, functionally coupled to both contraction-inducing stimuli and the contractile apparatus. Such is the importance of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum for muscle cell physiology, that alterations in its structure, function or its calcium-handling machinery are intimately associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Cardiac hypertrophy, insulin resistance and arterial hypertension are age-related pathologies with a common mechanism at the muscle cell level: the accumulation of damaged proteins at the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum induces a stress response condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress, which impairs proper organelle function, ultimately leading to pathogenesis.
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22
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Ruiz-Meana M, Minguet M, Bou-Teen D, Miro-Casas E, Castans C, Castellano J, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Igual A, Rodriguez-Lecoq R, Vázquez J, Garcia-Dorado D. Ryanodine Receptor Glycation Favors Mitochondrial Damage in the Senescent Heart. Circulation 2019; 139:949-964. [PMID: 30586718 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescent cardiomyocytes exhibit a mismatch between energy demand and supply that facilitates their transition toward failing cells. Altered calcium transfer from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to mitochondria has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging and heart failure. METHODS Because advanced glycation-end products accumulate throughout life, we investigated whether intracellular glycation occurs in aged cardiomyocytes and its impact on SR and mitochondria. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics, Western blot and immunofluorescence demonstrated a significant increase in advanced glycation-end product-modified proteins in the myocardium of old mice (≥20months) compared with young ones (4-6months). Glyoxalase-1 activity (responsible for detoxification of dicarbonyl intermediates) and its cofactor glutathione were decreased in aged hearts. Immunolabeling and proximity ligation assay identified the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in the SR as prominent target of glycation in aged mice, and the sites of glycation were characterized by quantitative mass spectrometry. RyR2 glycation was associated with more pronounced calcium leak, determined by confocal microscopy in cardiomyocytes and SR vesicles. Interfibrillar mitochondria-directly exposed to SR calcium release-from aged mice had increased calcium content compared with those from young ones. Higher levels of advanced glycation-end products and reduced glyoxalase-1 activity and glutathione were also present in atrial appendages from surgical patients ≥75 years as compared with the younger ones. Elderly patients also exhibited RyR2 hyperglycation and increased mitochondrial calcium content that was associated with reduced myocardial aerobic capacity (mitochondrial O2 consumption/g) attributable to less respiring mitochondria. In contracting HL-1 cardiomyocytes, pharmacological glyoxalase-1 inhibition recapitulated RyR2 glycation and defective SR-mitochondria calcium exchange of aging. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria from aging hearts develop calcium overload secondary to SR calcium leak. Glycative damage of RyR2, favored by deficient dicarbonyl detoxification capacity, contributes to calcium leak and mitochondrial damage in the senescent myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
| | - Marta Minguet
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Elisabet Miro-Casas
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
| | - Celia Castans
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (C.C., E.B-K., J.V.)
| | - Jose Castellano
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | | | - Alberto Igual
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Rafael Rodriguez-Lecoq
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.)
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.).,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (C.C., E.B-K., J.V.)
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain (M.R-M., M.M., D.B-T., E.M-C., J.C., A.I., R.R-L., D.G-D.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (M.R-M., E.M-C., J.V., D.G-D.)
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Hausenloy D, Davidson SM. David Garcia-Dorado: a true pioneer in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:e177-e180. [PMID: 31647537 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Cheung JY, Merali S, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Song J, Merali C, Tomar D, You H, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Haouzi P. The central role of protein kinase C epsilon in cyanide cardiotoxicity and its treatment. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:247-257. [PMID: 31173149 PMCID: PMC6735853 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult mouse myocytes, brief exposure to sodium cyanide (CN) in the presence of glucose does not decrease ATP levels, yet produces profound reduction in contractility, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) amplitudes. We analyzed proteomes from myocytes exposed to CN, focusing on ionic currents associated with excitation-contraction coupling. CN induced phosphorylation of α1c subunit of L-type Ca2+ channel and α2 subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase. Methylene blue (MB), a CN antidote that we previously reported to ameliorate CN-induced reduction in contraction, [Ca2+]i transient and ICa amplitudes, was able to reverse this phosphorylation. CN decreased Na+-K+-ATPase current contributed by α2 but not α1 subunit, an effect that was also counteracted by MB. Peptide consensus sequences suggested CN-induced phosphorylation was mediated by protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε). Indeed, CN stimulated PKC kinase activity and induced PKCε membrane translocation, effects that were prevented by MB. Pre-treatment with myristoylated PKCε translocation activator or inhibitor peptides mimicked and inhibited the effects of CN on ICa and myocyte contraction, respectively. We conclude that CN activates PKCε, which phosphorylates L-type Ca2+ channel and Na+-K+-ATPase, resulting in depressed cardiac contractility. We hypothesize that this inhibition of ion fluxes represents a novel mechanism by which the cardiomyocyte reduces its ATP demand (decreased ion fluxes and contractility), diminishes ATP turnover and preserves cell viability. However, this cellular protective effect translates into life-threatening cardiogenic shock in vivo, thereby creating a profound disconnect between survival mechanisms at the cardiomyocyte level from those at the level of the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine and Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Salim Merali
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - JuFang Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xue-Qian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center for Translational Medicine and Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hanning You
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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25
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Sciuto KJ, Deng SW, Moreno A, Zaitsev AV. Chronology of critical events in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes occurring during reperfusion after simulated ischemia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212076. [PMID: 30730997 PMCID: PMC6366697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While an ischemic insult poses a lethal danger to myocardial cells, a significant proportion of cardiac myocytes remain viable throughout the ischemic episode and die, paradoxically, only after the blood flow is reinstated. Despite decades of research, the actual chronology of critical events leading to cardiomyocyte death during the reperfusion phase remains poorly understood. Arguably, identification of the pivotal event in this setting is necessary to design effective strategies aimed at salvaging the myocardium after an ischemic attack. Here we used neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) subjected to 20–30 min of simulated ischemia followed by 1 hour of “reperfusion”. Using different combinations of spectrally-compatible fluorescent indicators, we analyzed the relative timing of the following events: (1) abnormal increase in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] (TCaCy); (2) abnormal increase in mitochondrial [Ca2+] (TCaMi); (3) loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) indicating mitochondrial permeability transitions (TMPT); (4) sacrolemmal permeabilization (SP) to the normally impermeable small fluorophore TO-PRO3 (TSP). In additional experiments we also analyzed the timing of abnormal uptake of Zn2+ into the cytoplasm (TZnCy) relative to TCaCy and TSP. We focused on those NRVMs which survived anoxia, as evidenced by at least 50% recovery of ΔΨm and the absence of detectable SP. In these cells, we found a consistent sequence of critical events in the order, from first to last, of TCaCy, TCaMi, TMPT, TSP. After detecting TCaCy and TCaMi, abrupt switches between 1.1 mM and nominally zero [Ca2+] in the perfusate quickly propagated to the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial [Ca2+]. Depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with ryanodine (5 μM)/thapsigargin (1 μM) accelerated all events without changing their order. In the presence of ZnCl2 (10–30 μM) in the perfusate we found a consistent timing sequence TCaCy < TZn ≤ TSP. In some cells ZnCl2 interfered with Ca2+ uptake, causing “steps” or “gaps” in the [Ca2+]Cy curve, a phenomenon never observed in the absence of ZnCl2. Together, these findings suggest an evolving permeabilization of NRVM’s sarcolemma during reoxygenation, in which the expansion of the pore size determines the timing of critical events, including TMPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Sciuto
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Steven W. Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alonso Moreno
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alexey V. Zaitsev
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Is there an effect of ischemic conditioning on myocardial contractile function following acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:822-830. [PMID: 30660684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning induces cardioprotection; the final infarct size following a myocardial ischemic event is reduced. However, whether ischemic conditioning has long-term beneficial effects on myocardial contractile function following such an ischemic event needs further elucidation. To date, ex vivo studies have shown that ischemic conditioning improves the contractile recovery of isolated ventricular papillary muscle or atrial trabeculae following simulated ischemia. However, in vivo animal studies and studies in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery show conflicting results. At the subcellular level, it is known that ischemic conditioning improved energy metabolism, preserved mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and Ca2+ homeostasis in isolated mitochondria from the myocardium. Ischemic conditioning also presents with post-translational modifications of proteins in the contractile machinery of the myocardium. The beneficial effects on myocardial contractile function need further elucidation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The power of metabolism: Linking energy supply and demand to contractile function edited by Torsten Doenst, Michael Schwarzer and Christine Des Rosiers.
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27
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Cheung JY, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Song J, Tomar D, Madesh M, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Haouzi P. Methylene blue counteracts cyanide cardiotoxicity: cellular mechanisms. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1164-1176. [PMID: 29420146 PMCID: PMC6050200 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00967.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult left ventricular mouse myocytes, exposure to sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the presence of glucose dose-dependently reduced contraction amplitude, with ~80% of maximal inhibitory effect attained at 100 µM. NaCN (100 µM) exposure for 10 min significantly decreased contraction and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient amplitudes, systolic but not diastolic [Ca2+]i, and maximal L-type Ca2+ current ( ICa) amplitude, indicating acute alteration of [Ca2+]i homeostasis largely accounted for the observed excitation-contraction abnormalities. In addition, NaCN depolarized resting membrane potential ( Em), reduced action potential (AP) amplitude, prolonged AP duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% repolarization (APD90), and suppressed depolarization-activated K+ currents but had no effect on Na+-Ca2+ exchange current ( INaCa). NaCN did not affect cellular adenosine triphosphate levels but depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased superoxide (O2·-) levels. Methylene blue (MB; 20 µg/ml) added 3 min after NaCN restored contraction and [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes, systolic [Ca2+]i, Em, AP amplitude, APD50, APD90, ICa, depolarization-activated K+ currents, ΔΨm, and O2·- levels toward normal. We conclude that MB reversed NaCN-induced cardiotoxicity by preserving intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling ( ICa), minimizing risks of arrhythmias ( Em, AP configuration, and depolarization-activated K+ currents), and reducing O2·- levels. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cyanide poisoning due to industrial exposure, smoke inhalation, and bioterrorism manifests as cardiogenic shock and requires rapidly effective antidote. In the early stage of cyanide exposure, adenosine triphosphate levels are normal but myocyte contractility is reduced, largely due to alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis because of changes in oxidation-reduction environment of ion channels. Methylene blue, a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, ameliorates cyanide toxicity by normalizing oxidation-reduction state and Ca2+ channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Cheung
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - JuFang Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xue-Qian Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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28
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Cadenas S. ROS and redox signaling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:76-89. [PMID: 29373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which occurs particularly at reperfusion. The mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases of the NOX family are major sources of ROS in cardiomyocytes. The first part of this review discusses recent findings and controversies on the mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain during IR injury, as well as the contribution of the NOX isoforms expressed in cardiomyocytes, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, to this damage. It then focuses on the effects of ROS on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an inner membrane non-selective pore that causes irreversible damage to the heart. The second part analyzes the redox mechanisms of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial protection; specifically, the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, which are both regulated by the cellular redox state. Redox mechanisms involved in ischemic preconditioning, one of the most effective ways of protecting the heart against IR injury, are also reviewed. Interestingly, several of these protective pathways converge on the inhibition of mPTP opening during reperfusion. Finally, the clinical and translational implications of these cardioprotective mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Lumkwana D, Botha A, Samodien E, Hanser S, Lopes J. Laminin, laminin-entactin and extracellular matrix are equally appropriate adhesive substrates for isolated adult rat cardiomyocyte culture and experimentation. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:503-511. [PMID: 29091577 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1387693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although techniques for isolating and culturing adult cardiomyocytes were developed four decades ago, it still remains a challenge to isolate high yields of healthy viable cardiomyocytes, to maintain them in culture, and to use them successfully in experiments. This is due to the difficulty in deciding which adhesive substrate and buffer composition to use. Therefore this study aimed to (1) identify a robust experimental buffer to sustain survival of cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCMs) during control normoxic conditions, and (2) to identify an adhesive substrate that provides optimal cell adherence, not only during normoxia, but especially during simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SIR) experiments. Adhesion and viability of ARCMs were evaluated on laminin, laminin-entactin (LE), and extracellular matrix (ECM) at concentrations between 25-200 ug/ml, in three different normoxic experimental buffers and under SIR conditions. Differences in normoxic buffer composition had no effect on the adherence of ARCMs, but had a significant effect on mitochondrial function and thus cell viability. HEPES buffered PBS supplemented with 10 mM glucose was not sufficient to sustain cell viability unless 2 mM pyruvate was added, yet a cocktail of PBS and M199 provided an even greater viability. Finally, laminin, LE, and ECM retained similar numbers of ARCMs per concentration, but only provided efficient adhesion at concentrations ≥ 100 ug/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lumkwana
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - A Botha
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - E Samodien
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - S Hanser
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - J Lopes
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , Cape Town , South Africa
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Mallet RT, Olivencia-Yurvati AH, Bünger R. Pyruvate enhancement of cardiac performance: Cellular mechanisms and clinical application. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:198-210. [PMID: 29154687 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217743919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractile function is adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-intensive, and the myocardium's high demand for oxygen and energy substrates leaves it acutely vulnerable to interruptions in its blood supply. The myriad cardioprotective properties of the natural intermediary metabolite pyruvate make it a potentially powerful intervention against the complex injury cascade ignited by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. A readily oxidized metabolic substrate, pyruvate augments myocardial free energy of ATP hydrolysis to a greater extent than the physiological fuels glucose, lactate and fatty acids, particularly when it is provided at supra-physiological plasma concentrations. Pyruvate also exerts antioxidant effects by detoxifying reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) production to maintain glutathione redox state. These enhancements of free energy and antioxidant defenses combine to augment sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release and re-uptake central to cardiac mechanical performance and to restore β-adrenergic signaling of ischemically stunned myocardium. By minimizing Ca2+ mismanagement and oxidative stress, pyruvate suppresses inflammation in post-ischemic myocardium. Thus, pyruvate administration stabilized cardiac performance, augmented free energy of ATP hydrolysis and glutathione redox systems, and/or quelled inflammation in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass, a canine model of cardiac arrest-resuscitation, and a caprine model of hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion. Pyruvate's myriad benefits in preclinical models provide the mechanistic framework for its clinical application as metabolic support for myocardium at risk. Phase one trials have demonstrated pyruvate's safety and efficacy for intravenous resuscitation for septic shock, intracoronary infusion for heart failure and as a component of cardioplegia for cardiopulmonary bypass. The favorable outcomes of these trials, which argue for expanded, phase three investigations of pyruvate therapy, mirror findings in isolated, perfused hearts, underscoring the pivotal role of preclinical research in identifying clinical interventions for cardiovascular diseases. Impact statement This article reviews pyruvate's cardioprotective properties as an energy-yielding metabolic fuel, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in mammalian myocardium. Preclinical research has shown these properties make pyruvate a powerful intervention to curb the complex injury cascade ignited by ischemia and reperfusion. In ischemically stunned isolated hearts and in large mammal models of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest-resuscitation and hypovolemia, intracoronary pyruvate supports recovery of myocardial contractile function, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and free energy of ATP hydrolysis, and its antioxidant actions restore β-adrenergic signaling and suppress inflammation. The first clinical trials of pyruvate for cardiopulmonary bypass, fluid resuscitation and intracoronary intervention for congestive heart failure have been reported. Receiver operating characteristic analyses show remarkable concordance between pyruvate's beneficial functional and metabolic effects in isolated, perfused hearts and in patients recovering from cardiopulmonary bypass in which they received pyruvate- vs. L-lactate-fortified cardioplegia. This research exemplifies the translation of mechanism-oriented preclinical studies to clinical application and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- 1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati
- 1 Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.,2 Department of Medical Education, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Rolf Bünger
- 3 Emeritus Member of the American Physiological Society, McLean, VA 22101, USA
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31
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Arias-Hidalgo M, Al-Samir S, Weber N, Geers-Knörr C, Gros G, Endeward V. CO 2 permeability and carbonic anhydrase activity of rat cardiomyocytes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 221:115-128. [PMID: 28429509 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the CO2 permeability (PCO2 ) of plasma membranes of cardiomyocytes. These cells were chosen because heart possesses the highest rate of O2 consumption/CO2 production in the body. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from rat hearts using the Langendorff technique. Cardiomyocyte suspensions exhibited a vitality of 2-14% and were studied by the previously described mass spectrometric 18 O-exchange technique deriving PCO2 . We showed by mass spectrometry and by carbonic anhydrase (CA) staining that non-vital cardiomyocytes are free of CA and thus do not contribute to the mass spectrometric signal, which is determined exclusively by the fully functional vital cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Lysed cardiomyocytes yielded an intracellular CA activity for vital cells of 5070; that is, the rate of CO2 hydration inside the cell is accelerated 5071-fold. Using this number, analyses of the mass spectrometric recordings from cardiomyocyte suspensions yield a PCO2 of 0.10 cm s-1 (SD ± 0.06, n = 15) at 37 °C. CONCLUSION In comparison with the PCO2 of other cells, this value is quite high and about identical to that of the human red cell membrane. As no major protein CO2 channels such as aquaporins 1 and 4 are present in rat cardiac sarcolemma, the high PCO2 of this membrane is likely due to its low cholesterol content of about 0.2 (mol cholesterol)·(mol total membrane lipids)-1 . Previous work predicted a PCO2 of ≥0.1 cm s-1 from this level of cholesterol. We conclude that the low cholesterol establishes a PCO2 high enough to render the membrane resistance to CO2 diffusion almost negligible, even under conditions of maximal O2 consumption of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arias-Hidalgo
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Al-Samir
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - N. Weber
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - C. Geers-Knörr
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - G. Gros
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - V. Endeward
- Molekular- und Zellphysiologie and AG Vegetative Physiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
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Mitochondrial Bioenergetics During Ischemia and Reperfusion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:141-167. [PMID: 28551786 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) mitochondria suffer a deficiency to supply the cardiomyocyte with chemical energy, but also contribute to the cytosolic ionic alterations especially of Ca2+. Their free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m) mainly depends on mitochondrial entrance through the uniporter (UCam) and extrusion in exchange with Na+ (mNCX) driven by the electrochemical gradient (ΔΨm). Cardiac energetic is frequently estimated by the oxygen consumption, which determines metabolism coupled to ATP production and to the maintaining of ΔΨm. Nevertheless, a better estimation of heart energy consumption is the total heat release associated to ATP hydrolysis, metabolism, and binding reactions, which is measurable either in the presence or the absence of oxygenation or perfusion. Consequently, a mechano-calorimetrical approach on isolated hearts gives a tool to evaluate muscle economy. The mitochondrial role during I/R depends on the injury degree. We investigated the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters in the energetic of hearts stunned by a model of no-flow I/R in rat hearts. This chapter explores an integrated view of previous and new results which give evidences to the mitochondrial role in cardiac stunning by ischemia o hypoxia, and the influence of thyroid alterations and cardioprotective strategies, such as cardioplegic solutions (high K-low Ca, pyruvate) and the phytoestrogen genistein in both sex. Rat ventricles were perfused in a flow-calorimeter at either 30 °C or 37 °C to continuously measure the left ventricular pressure (LVP) and total heat rate (Ht). A pharmacological treatment was done before exposing to no-flow I and R. The post-ischemic contractile (PICR as %) and energetical (Ht) recovery and muscle economy (Eco: P/Ht) were determined during stunning. The functional interaction between mitochondria (Mit) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was evaluated with selective mitochondrial inhibitors in hearts reperfused with Krebs-10 mM caffeine-36 mM Na+. The caffeine induced contracture (CIC) was due to SR Ca2+ release, while relaxation mainly depends on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake since neither SL-NCX nor SERCA are functional under this media. The ratio of area-under-curves over ischemic values (AUC-ΔHt/AUC-ΔLVP) estimates the energetical consumption (EC) to maintain CIC. Relaxation of CIC was accelerated by inhibition of mNCX or by adding the aerobic substrate pyruvate, while both increased EC. Contrarily, relaxation was slowed by cardioplegia (high K-low Ca Krebs) and by inhibition of UCam. Thus, Mit regulate the cytosolic [Ca2+] and SR Ca2+ content. Both, hyperthyroidism (HpT) and hypothyroidism (HypoT) reduced the peak of CIC but increased EC, in spite of improving PICR. Both, CIC and PICR in HpT were also sensitive to inhibition of mNCX or UCam, suggesting that Mit contribute to regulate the SR store and Ca2+ release. The interaction between mitochondria and SR and the energetic consequences were also analyzed for the effects of genistein in hearts exposed to I/R, and for the hypoxia/reoxygenation process. Our results give evidence about the mitochondrial regulation of both PICR and energetic consumption during stunning, through the Ca2+ movement.
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33
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Letter in response to "the role of succinate and ROS in reperfusion injury - A critical appraisal" by Andrienko et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:131. [PMID: 28842242 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Li J, Yan Z, Fang Q. A Mechanism Study Underlying the Protective Effects of Cyclosporine-A on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Pharmacology 2017; 100:83-90. [PMID: 28501872 DOI: 10.1159/000458760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at validating the hypothesis that administration of cyclosporine-A (CsA) would be protective in lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and in exploring the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rabbits were divided into 4 groups: the control, sham operation, I/R, and I/R with CsA treatment. Flow cytometry was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to analyze mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP). The apoptotic cell was detected by the TUNEL staining. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression levels. RESULTS CsA not only attenuated the histopathologic alterations in lung and mitochondria after I/R injury, but also attenuated I/R injury through increasing MPP and inhibiting MPTP opening. Besides, CsA attenuated I/R injury through suppressing the release of cytochrome-c (CytC), inhibiting cell apoptosis and decreasing the expression levels of cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D), adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Finally, we found that Cyp-D knockdown inhibits I/R injury-induced MPTP opening and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study found that the protective role of CsA on lung I/R injury depends on the inhibition of MPTP and CytC release, suppression of the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the expressions of apoptotic-related proteins, as well as the decreased expression levels of ANT1 and VDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian''an Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
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Gordan R, Fefelova N, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in cardiac arrhythmias: Evidence from cyclophilin D knockout mice. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:363-372. [PMID: 27616659 PMCID: PMC5127715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have used a genetic mouse model that lacks cyclophilin D (CypD KO) to assess the cardioprotective effect of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibition on Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ alternans at the single cell level, and cardiac arrhythmias in whole-heart preparations. The protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization to the same extent in cardiomyocytes from both WT and CypD KO mice, however, cardiomyocytes from CypD KO mice exhibited significantly less mPTP opening than cardiomyocytes from WT mice (p<0.05). Consistent with these results, FCCP caused significant increases in CaW rate in WT cardiomyocytes (p<0.05) but not in CypD KO cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the incidence of Ca2+ alternans after treatment with FCCP and programmed stimulation was significantly higher in WT cardiomyocytes (11 of 13), than in WT cardiomyocytes treated with CsA (2 of 8; p<0.05) or CypD KO cardiomyocytes (2 of 10; p<0.01). (Pseudo-)Lead II ECGs were recorded from ex vivo hearts. We observed ST-T-wave alternans (a precursor of lethal arrhythmias) in 5 of 7 WT hearts. ST-T-wave alternans was not seen in CypD KO hearts (n=5) and in only 1 of 6 WT hearts treated with CsA. Consistent with these results, WT hearts exhibited a significantly higher average arrhythmia score than CypD KO (p<0.01) hearts subjected to FCCP treatment or chemical ischemia-reperfusion (p<0.01). In conclusion, CypD deficiency- induced mPTP inhibition attenuates CaWs and Ca2+ alternans during mitochondrial depolarization, and thereby protects against arrhythmogenesis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gordan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Hausenloy DJ, Barrabes JA, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Di Lisa F, Downey J, Engstrom T, Ferdinandy P, Carbrera-Fuentes HA, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis EK, Inserte J, Jennings R, Kalia N, Kharbanda R, Lecour S, Marber M, Miura T, Ovize M, Perez-Pinzon MA, Piper HM, Przyklenk K, Schmidt MR, Redington A, Ruiz-Meana M, Vilahur G, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Garcia-Dorado D. Ischaemic conditioning and targeting reperfusion injury: a 30 year voyage of discovery. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:70. [PMID: 27766474 PMCID: PMC5073120 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To commemorate the auspicious occasion of the 30th anniversary of IPC, leading pioneers in the field of cardioprotection gathered in Barcelona in May 2016 to review and discuss the history of IPC, its evolution to IPost and RIC, myocardial reperfusion injury as a therapeutic target, and future targets and strategies for cardioprotection. This article provides an overview of the major topics discussed at this special meeting and underscores the huge importance and impact, the discovery of IPC has made in the field of cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK. .,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jose A Barrabes
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Thomas Engstrom
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hector A Carbrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Javier Inserte
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Kharbanda
- Oxford Heart Centre, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hans Michael Piper
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ökologiezentrum, Raum 2-116, Uhlhornsweg 99 b, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Rahbek Schmidt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute, Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Hospital Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Hall AR, Burke N, Dongworth RK, Kalkhoran SB, Dyson A, Vicencio JM, Dorn GW, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. Hearts deficient in both Mfn1 and Mfn2 are protected against acute myocardial infarction. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2238. [PMID: 27228353 PMCID: PMC4917668 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria alter their shape by undergoing cycles of fusion and fission. Changes in mitochondrial morphology impact on the cellular response to stress, and their interactions with other organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Inhibiting mitochondrial fission can protect the heart against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, Mfn1 and Mfn2, in the response of the adult heart to acute I/R injury is not clear, and is investigated in this study. To determine the effect of combined Mfn1/Mfn2 ablation on the susceptibility to acute myocardial I/R injury, cardiac-specific ablation of both Mfn1 and Mfn2 (DKO) was initiated in mice aged 4-6 weeks, leading to knockout of both these proteins in 8-10-week-old animals. This resulted in fragmented mitochondria (electron microscopy), decreased mitochondrial respiratory function (respirometry), and impaired myocardial contractile function (echocardiography). In DKO mice subjected to in vivo regional myocardial ischemia (30 min) followed by 24 h reperfusion, myocardial infarct size (IS, expressed as a % of the area-at-risk) was reduced by 46% compared with wild-type (WT) hearts. In addition, mitochondria from DKO animals had decreased MPTP opening susceptibility (assessed by Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling), compared with WT hearts. Mfn2 is a key mediator of mitochondrial/SR tethering, and accordingly, the loss of Mfn2 in DKO hearts reduced the number of interactions measured between these organelles (quantified by proximal ligation assay), attenuated mitochondrial calcium overload (Rhod2 confocal microscopy), and decreased reactive oxygen species production (DCF confocal microscopy) in response to acute I/R injury. No differences in isolated mitochondrial ROS emissions (Amplex Red) were detected in response to Ca(2+) and Antimycin A, further implicating disruption of mitochondria/SR tethering as the protective mechanism. In summary, despite apparent mitochondrial dysfunction, hearts deficient in both Mfn1 and Mfn2 are protected against acute myocardial infarction due to impaired mitochondria/SR tethering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Burke
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R K Dongworth
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - S B Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Dyson
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - J M Vicencio
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - G W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - D M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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38
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Yang B, Fung A, Pac-Soo C, Ma D. Vascular surgery-related organ injury and protective strategies: update and future prospects. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:ii32-ii43. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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39
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Valls-Lacalle L, Barba I, Miró-Casas E, Alburquerque-Béjar JJ, Ruiz-Meana M, Fuertes-Agudo M, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, García-Dorado D. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition with malonate during reperfusion reduces infarct size by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:374-84. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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40
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Davidson SM, Foote K, Kunuthur S, Gosain R, Tan N, Tyser R, Zhao YJ, Graeff R, Ganesan A, Duchen MR, Patel S, Yellon DM. Inhibition of NAADP signalling on reperfusion protects the heart by preventing lethal calcium oscillations via two-pore channel 1 and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:357-66. [PMID: 26395965 PMCID: PMC4648198 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In the heart, a period of ischaemia followed by reperfusion evokes powerful cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that can cause lethal cell injury. These signals represent attractive cardioprotective targets, but the underlying mechanisms of genesis are ill-defined. Here, we investigated the role of the second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which is known in several cell types to induce Ca2+ oscillations that initiate from acidic stores such as lysosomes, likely via two-pore channels (TPCs, TPC1 and 2). Methods and results An NAADP antagonist called Ned-K was developed by rational design based on a previously existing scaffold. Ned-K suppressed Ca2+ oscillations and dramatically protected cardiomyocytes from cell death in vitro after ischaemia and reoxygenation, preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Ned-K profoundly decreased infarct size in mice in vivo. Transgenic mice lacking the endo-lysosomal TPC1 were also protected from injury. Conclusion NAADP signalling plays a major role in reperfusion-induced cell death and represents a potent pathway for protection against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Suma Kunuthur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Raj Gosain
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Noah Tan
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Richard Tyser
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
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41
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Altamirano F, Wang ZV, Hill JA. Cardioprotection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: novel mechanisms and clinical translation. J Physiol 2015; 593:3773-88. [PMID: 26173176 PMCID: PMC4575567 DOI: 10.1113/jp270953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, robust successes have been achieved in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Nevertheless, the prevalence of heart disease, especially heart failure, continues to rise. Among the precipitating aetiologies, ischaemic disease is a leading cause of heart failure. In the context of ischaemia, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, which elicits a cascade of events that provokes cell death. This ischaemic insult is typically coupled with reperfusion, either spontaneous or therapeutically imposed, wherein blood supply is restored to the previously ischaemic tissue. While this intervention limits ischaemic injury, it triggers a new cascade of events that is also harmful, viz. reperfusion injury. In recent years, novel insights have emerged regarding mechanisms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and some hold promise as targets of therapeutic relevance. Here, we review a select number of these pathways, focusing on recent discoveries and highlighting prospects for therapeutic manipulation for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Rat Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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He X, Bi XY, Lu XZ, Zhao M, Yu XJ, Sun L, Xu M, Wier WG, Zang WJ. Reduction of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interactions by Acetylcholine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells From Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1623-34. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
We explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk involving voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1)/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 in endothelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and investigated the protective effects of acetylcholine.
Approach and Results—
Acetylcholine treatment during reoxygenation prevented intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
increases and alleviated ER Ca
2+
depletion during H/R in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, acetylcholine enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited proapoptotic cascades, thereby reducing cell death and preserving endothelial ultrastructure. This effect was likely mediated by the type-3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. In addition, interactions among members of the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex were increased after H/R and were associated with mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and cell death. Inhibition of the partner of the Ca
2+
channeling complex (VDAC1 siRNA) or a reduction in ER–mitochondria tethering (mitofusin 2 siRNA) prevented the increased protein interaction within the complex and reduced mitochondrial Ca
2+
accumulation and subsequent endothelial cell death after H/R. Intriguingly, acetylcholine could modulate ER–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk by inhibiting the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 expression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase siRNA diminished acetylcholine-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex formation induced by H/R.
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that ER–mitochondria interplay plays an important role in reperfusion injury in the endothelium and may be a novel molecular target for endothelial protection. Acetylcholine attenuates both intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and protects endothelial cells from H/R injury, presumably by disrupting the ER–mitochondria interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xue-yuan Bi
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xing-zhu Lu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xiao-jiang Yu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Lei Sun
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Man Xu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - W. Gil Wier
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Wei-jin Zang
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
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Shintani-Ishida K, Yoshida KI. Mitochondrial m-calpain opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in ischemia-reperfusion. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:26-32. [PMID: 26113472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Isoforms of Ca(2+)-activated cysteine proteases, calpains, are implicated in the development of myocardial infarction in ischemia-reperfusion. Growing evidence has revealed the presence of calpains in the mitochondria. We aimed to characterize mitochondrial calpains in the rat heart and to investigate the roles of calpains in mPTP opening after ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blotting analysis showed the expression of μ-calpain, m-calpain and calpain 10 in mitochondria isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats, but casein zymography detected only m-calpain activity. Subcellular fractionation of mitochondria demonstrated the distribution of m-calpain to the matrix fraction. Addition of >500μM of Ca(2+) to isolated mitochondria induced mitochondrial swelling, reflecting mPTP opening, and calpain activation. Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling was inhibited partially by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin. These results support a partial contribution of calpain in the opening of the mPTP. The addition of Ca(2+) to the mitochondria induced inactivation of complex I of the electron transport chain, and cleavage of the ND6 complex I subunit, which were inhibited by calpeptin. Mitochondria isolated from rat hearts that underwent 30min of coronary occlusion followed by 30min of reperfusion showed activation of mitochondrial calpains, ND6 cleavage, complex I inactivation, and mPTP opening, which were inhibited by pretreatment with calpain inhibitor 1. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the presence of mitochondrial matrix m-calpain, and its contribution to complex I inactivation and mPTP opening after postischemic reperfusion in the rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shintani-Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Bassino E, Fornero S, Gallo MP, Gallina C, Femminò S, Levi R, Tota B, Alloatti G. Catestatin exerts direct protective effects on rat cardiomyocytes undergoing ischemia/reperfusion by stimulating PI3K-Akt-GSK3β pathway and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119790. [PMID: 25774921 PMCID: PMC4361546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catestatin (Cst) is a 21-amino acid peptide deriving from Chromogranin A. Cst exerts an overall protective effect against an excessive sympathetic stimulation of cardiovascular system, being able to antagonize catecholamine secretion and to reduce their positive inotropic effect, by stimulating the release of nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells. Moreover, Cst reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, improving post-ischemic cardiac function and cardiomyocyte survival. To define the cardioprotective signaling pathways activated by Cst (5 nM) we used isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes undergoing simulated I/R. We evaluated cell viability rate with propidium iodide labeling and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with the fluorescent probe JC-1. The involvement of Akt, GSK3β, eNOS and phospholamban (PLN) cascade was studied by immunofluorescence. The role of PI3K-Akt/NO/cGMP pathway was also investigated by using the pharmacological blockers wortmannin (Wm), L-NMMA and ODQ. Our experiments revealed that Cst increased cell viability rate by 65% and reduced cell contracture in I/R cardiomyocytes. Wm, L-NMMA and ODQ limited the protective effect of Cst. The protective outcome of Cst was related to its ability to maintain MMP and to increase AktSer473, GSK3βSer9, PLNThr17 and eNOSSer1179 phosphorylation, while treatment with Wm abolished these effects. Thus, the present results show that Cst is able to exert a direct action on cardiomyocytes and give new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in its protective effect, highlighting the PI3K/NO/cGMP pathway as the trigger and the MMP preservation as the end point of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bassino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Fornero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Gallina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Renzo Levi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87030, Cosenza, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Wang M, Sun GB, Zhang JY, Luo Y, Yu YL, Xu XD, Meng XB, Zhang MD, Lin WB, Sun XB. Elatoside C protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:167-76. [PMID: 25796004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that Elatoside C reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we investigated whether Elatoside C improves heart function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved in Elatoside C-induced protection. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischaemia followed by reperfusion in the absence or presence of Elatoside C. We found that Elatoside C significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Consistently, Elatoside C prevented I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which was evident by the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and Bax translocation. Moreover, Elatoside C improved abnormal calcium handling during I/R, including increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2) activity, alleviating [Ca(2+)]ER depletion, and reducing the expression levels of ER stress protein markers. All of these protective effects of Elatoside C were partially abolished by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490. Further assessment in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that Elatoside C maintained the Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening against I/R. CONCLUSIONS Elatoside C protects against cardiac injury during I/R by attenuating oxidative stress and [Ca(2+)]i overload through the activation of both the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway (including PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2) and the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway (including JAK2/STAT3) and, subsequently, inhibiting the opening of mPTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiang-Bao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Miao-di Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Lin
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Seidlmayer LK, Juettner VV, Kettlewell S, Pavlov EV, Blatter LA, Dedkova EN. Distinct mPTP activation mechanisms in ischaemia-reperfusion: contributions of Ca2+, ROS, pH, and inorganic polyphosphate. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:237-48. [PMID: 25742913 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) plays a central role for tissue damage and cell death during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). We investigated the contribution of mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a potent activator of Ca(2+)-induced mPTP opening, towards mPTP activation and cardiac cell death in I/R. METHODS AND RESULTS A significant increase in mitochondrial free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]m), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization (ΔΨm), and mPTP activity, but no cell death, was observed after 20 min of ischaemia. The [Ca(2+)]m increase during ischaemia was partially prevented by the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) inhibitor Ru360 and completely abolished by the combination of Ru360 and the ryanodine receptor type 1 blocker dantrolene, suggesting two complimentary Ca(2+) uptake mechanisms. In the absence of Ru360 and dantrolene, mPTP closing by polyP depletion or CSA decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, suggesting that during ischaemia Ca(2+) can enter mitochondria through mPTP. During reperfusion, a burst of endogenous polyP production coincided with a decrease in [Ca(2+)]m, a decline in superoxide generation, and an acceleration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. An increase in H2O2 correlated with restoration of mitochondrial pHm and an increase in cell death. mPTP opening and cell death on reperfusion were prevented by antioxidants Trolox and MnTBAP [Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride]. Enzymatic polyP depletion did not affect mPTP opening during reperfusion, but increased ROS generation and cell death, suggesting that polyP plays a protective role in cellular stress response. CONCLUSIONS Transient Ca(2+)/polyP-mediated mPTP opening during ischaemia may serve to protect cells against cytosolic Ca(2+) overload, whereas ROS/pH-mediated sustained mPTP opening on reperfusion induces cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea K Seidlmayer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vanessa V Juettner
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Kettlewell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada New York University, NY, USA
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Elena N Dedkova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ischaemic conditioning strategies reduce ischaemia/reperfusion-induced organ injury. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114:204-16. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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50
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Ong SB, Dongworth RK, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Hausenloy DJ. Role of the MPTP in conditioning the heart - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2074-84. [PMID: 25393318 PMCID: PMC4386982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors [such as cyclosporin A (CsA) ] or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ong
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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