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Guan Y, Zhang M, Lacy C, Shah S, Epstein FH, Yan Z. Endurance Exercise Training Mitigates Diastolic Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice Independent of Phosphorylation of Ulk1 at S555. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:633. [PMID: 38203804 PMCID: PMC10779281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of diabetic patients suffer from cardiovascular complications. One of the earliest signs of diabetic complications in the heart is diastolic dysfunction. Regular exercise is a highly effective preventive/therapeutic intervention against diastolic dysfunction in diabetes, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain poorly understood. Studies have shown that the accumulation of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria in the myocardium is at the center of this pathology. Here, we employed a mouse model of diabetes to test the hypothesis that endurance exercise training mitigates diastolic dysfunction by promoting cardiac mitophagy (the clearance of mitochondria via autophagy) via S555 phosphorylation of Ulk1. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection in mice led to reduced endurance capacity, impaired diastolic function, increased myocardial oxidative stress, and compromised mitochondrial structure and function, which were all ameliorated by 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated non-phosphorylatable Ulk1 (S555A) mutant mice and showed the requirement of p-Ulk1at S555 for exercise-induced mitophagy in the myocardium. However, diabetic Ulk1 (S555A) mice retained the benefits of exercise intervention. We conclude that endurance exercise training mitigates diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction independent of Ulk1 phosphorylation at S555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Exercise Medicine Research at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (Y.G.); (C.L.)
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Exercise Medicine Research at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (Y.G.); (C.L.)
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Christie Lacy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Exercise Medicine Research at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Soham Shah
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA (F.H.E.)
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA (F.H.E.)
| | - Zhen Yan
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Exercise Medicine Research at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (Y.G.); (C.L.)
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA (F.H.E.)
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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2
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Shah SA, Reagan CE, Bresticker JE, Wolpe AG, Good ME, Macal EH, Billcheck HO, Bradley LA, French BA, Isakson BE, Wolf MJ, Epstein FH. Obesity-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease Is Prevented by iNOS Deletion and Reversed by iNOS Inhibition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:501-514. [PMID: 37325396 PMCID: PMC10264569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) caused by obesity and diabetes is major contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; however, the mechanisms underlying CMD are not well understood. Using cardiac magnetic resonance applied to mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet as a model of CMD, we elucidated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 1400W, an iNOS antagonist, in CMD. Global iNOS deletion prevented CMD along with the associated oxidative stress and diastolic and subclinical systolic dysfunction. The 1400W treatment reversed established CMD and oxidative stress and preserved systolic/diastolic function in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Thus, iNOS may represent a therapeutic target for CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E. Reagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Julia E. Bresticker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen O. Billcheck
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh A. Bradley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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3
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Yu S, Klomjit N, Jiang K, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Conley SM, Obeidat Y, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Heimbach JK, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Human Obesity Attenuates Cardioprotection Conferred by Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:221-232. [PMID: 35616881 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore the impact of obesity on reparative potency of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (A-MSC) in hypertensive cardiomyopathy, A-MSC were harvested from subcutaneous fat of obese and age-matched non-obese human subjects during bariatric or kidney donation surgeries, and then injected into mice 2 weeks after inducing renovascular hypertension (RVH) or sham surgery. Two weeks later, left ventricular (LV) function and deformation were estimated in vivo by micro-magnetic resonance imaging and myocardial damage ex vivo. Blood pressure and myocardial wall thickening were elevated in RVH + Vehicle and normalized only by lean-A-MSC. Both A-MSC types reduced LV mass and normalized the reduced LV peak strain radial in RVH, yet obese-A-MSC also impaired LV systolic function. A-MSC alleviated myocardial tissue damage in RVH, but lean-A-MSC decreased oxidative stress more effectively. Obese-A-MSC also showed increased cellular inflammation in vitro. Therefore, obese-A-MSC are less effective than lean-A-MSC in blunting hypertensive cardiomyopathy in mice with RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nattawat Klomjit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiang Y Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher M Ferguson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yasin Obeidat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Jasmin NH, Thin MZ, Johnson RD, Jackson LH, Roberts TA, David AL, Lythgoe MF, Yang PC, Davidson SM, Camelliti P, Stuckey DJ. Myocardial Viability Imaging using Manganese-Enhanced MRI in the First Hours after Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003987. [PMID: 34105284 PMCID: PMC8188227 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Early measurements of tissue viability after myocardial infarction (MI) are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning but are challenging to obtain. Here, manganese, a calcium analogue and clinically approved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, is used as an imaging biomarker of myocardial viability in the first hours after experimental MI. Safe Mn2+ dosing is confirmed by measuring in vitro beating rates, calcium transients, and action potentials in cardiomyocytes, and in vivo heart rates and cardiac contractility in mice. Quantitative T1 mapping-manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) reveals elevated and increasing Mn2+ uptake in viable myocardium remote from the infarct, suggesting MEMRI offers a quantitative biomarker of cardiac inotropy. MEMRI evaluation of infarct size at 1 h, 1 and 14 days after MI quantifies myocardial viability earlier than the current gold-standard technique, late-gadolinium-enhanced MRI. These data, coupled with the re-emergence of clinical Mn2+ -based contrast agents open the possibility of using MEMRI for direct evaluation of myocardial viability early after ischemic onset in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hayati Jasmin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
- School of Medical ImagingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Sultan Zainal AbidinKuala Terengganu21300Malaysia
| | - May Zaw Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Robert D. Johnson
- School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Laurence H. Jackson
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Thomas A. Roberts
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Anna L. David
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Philip C. Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Sean M. Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College London67 Chenies MewsLondonWC1E 6HXUK
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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5
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Shah SA, Cui SX, Waters CD, Sano S, Wang Y, Doviak H, Leor J, Walsh K, French BA, Epstein FH. Nitroxide-enhanced MRI of cardiovascular oxidative stress. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4359. [PMID: 32648316 PMCID: PMC7904044 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo imaging of oxidative stress can facilitate the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated nitroxide-enhanced MRI with 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3CP) for the detection of myocardial oxidative stress. METHODS Three mouse models of cardiac oxidative stress were imaged, namely angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, myocardial infarction (MI), and high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced obesity (DIO). For the Ang II model, mice underwent MRI at baseline and after 7 days of Ang II (n = 8) or saline infusion (n = 8). For the MI model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 10) and at 1 (n = 8), 4 (n = 9), and 21 (n = 8) days after MI. For the HFHS-DIO model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 20) and 18 weeks (n = 13) after diet initiation. The 3CP reduction rate, Kred , computed using a tracer kinetic model, was used as a metric of oxidative stress. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining of tissue sections was performed on Day 1 after MI. RESULTS For the Ang II model, Kred was higher after 7 days of Ang II versus other groups (p < 0.05). For the MI model, Kred , in the infarct region was significantly elevated on Days 1 and 4 after MI (p < 0.05), whereas Kred in the noninfarcted region did not change after MI. DHE confirmed elevated oxidative stress in the infarct zone on Day 1 after MI. After 18 weeks of HFHS diet, Kred was higher in mice after diet versus baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nitroxide-enhanced MRI noninvasively quantifies tissue oxidative stress as one component of a multiparametric preclinical MRI examination. These methods may facilitate investigations of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease and related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A Shah
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufield Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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6
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Bachstetter AD, Morganti JM, Bodnar CN, Webster SJ, Higgins EK, Roberts KN, Snider H, Meier SE, Nation GK, Goulding DS, Hamm M, Powell DK, Vandsburger M, Van Eldik LJ, Abisambra JF. The effects of mild closed head injuries on tauopathy and cognitive deficits in rodents: Primary results in wild type and rTg4510 mice, and a systematic review. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113180. [PMID: 31930992 PMCID: PMC7373372 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the majority of sustained traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are classified as 'mild' and most often a result of a closed head injury (CHI). The effects of a non-penetrating CHI are not benign and may lead to chronic pathology and behavioral dysfunction, which could be worsened by repeated head injury. Clinical-neuropathological correlation studies provide evidence that conversion of tau into abnormally phosphorylated proteotoxic intermediates (p-tau) could be part of the pathophysiology triggered by a single TBI and enhanced by repeated TBIs. However, the link between p-tau and CHI in rodents remains controversial. To address this question experimentally, we induced a single CHI or two CHIs to WT or rTg4510 mice. We found that 2× CHI increased tau phosphorylation in WT mice and rTg4510 mice. Behavioral characterization in WT mice found chronic deficits in the radial arm water maze in 2× CHI mice that had partially resolved in the 1× CHI mice. Moreover, using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with R1 mapping - a novel functional neuroimaging technique - we found greater deficits in the rTg4510 mice following 2× CHI compared to 1× CHI. To integrate our findings with prior work in the field, we conducted a systematic review of rodent mild repetitive CHI studies. Following Prisma guidelines, we identified 25 original peer-reviewed papers. Results from our experiments, as well as our systematic review, provide compelling evidence that tau phosphorylation is modified by experimental mild TBI studies; however, changes in p-tau levels are not universally reported. Together, our results provide evidence that repetitive TBIs can result in worse and more persistent neurological deficits compared to a single TBI, but the direct link between the worsened outcome and elevated p-tau could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Colleen N Bodnar
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Scott J Webster
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Emma K Higgins
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Kelly N Roberts
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Henry Snider
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Shelby E Meier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Grant K Nation
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Danielle S Goulding
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Matthew Hamm
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Moriel Vandsburger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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7
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Ebner J, Cagalinec M, Kubista H, Todt H, Szabo PL, Kiss A, Podesser BK, Cserne Szappanos H, Hool LC, Hilber K, Koenig X. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase regulation of calcium cycling in ventricular cardiomyocytes is independent of Ca v1.2 channel modulation under basal conditions. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:61-74. [PMID: 31822999 PMCID: PMC6960210 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is considered a regulator of Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels and downstream Ca2+ cycling in the heart. The commonest view is that nitric oxide (NO), generated by nNOS activity in cardiomyocytes, reduces the currents through Cav1.2 channels. This gives rise to a diminished Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and finally reduced contractility. Here, we report that nNOS inhibitor substances significantly increase intracellular Ca2+ transients in ventricular cardiomyocytes derived from adult mouse and rat hearts. This is consistent with an inhibitory effect of nNOS/NO activity on Ca2+ cycling and contractility. Whole cell currents through L-type Ca2+ channels in rodent myocytes, on the other hand, were not substantially affected by the application of various NOS inhibitors, or application of a NO donor substance. Moreover, the presence of NO donors had no effect on the single-channel open probability of purified human Cav1.2 channel protein reconstituted in artificial liposomes. These results indicate that nNOS/NO activity does not directly modify Cav1.2 channel function. We conclude that-against the currently prevailing view-basal Cav1.2 channel activity in ventricular cardiomyocytes is not substantially regulated by nNOS activity and NO. Hence, nNOS/NO inhibition of Ca2+ cycling and contractility occurs independently of direct regulation of Cav1.2 channels by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ebner
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra L Szabo
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zhang X, Liu ZQ, Singh D, Powell DK, Chung CS, Campbell KS, Wenk JF. Differential Effects of Isoproterenol on Regional Myocardial Mechanics in Rat using 3D cine DENSE Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Biomech Eng 2018; 141:2696750. [PMID: 30098173 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the acute effects of isoproterenol on left ventricular (LV) mechanics in healthy rats with the hypothesis that ß-adrenergic stimulation influences the mechanics of different myocardial regions of the LV wall in different ways. To accomplish this, magnetic resonance images were obtained in the LV of healthy rats with or without isoproterenol infusion. The LV contours were divided into basal, mid-ventricular, and apical regions. Additionally, the mid-ventricular myocardium was divided into three transmural layers with each layer partitioned into four segments (i.e., septal, inferior, lateral, and anterior). Peak systolic strains and torsion were quantified for each region. Isoproterenol significantly increased peak systolic radial strain and circumferential-longitudinal shear strain, as well as ventricular torsion, throughout the basal, mid-ventricle, and apical regions. In the mid-ventricle, isoproterenol significantly increased peak systolic radial strain, and induced significant increases in peak systolic circumferential strain and longitudinal strain in the septum. Isoproterenol consistently increased peak systolic circumferential-longitudinal shear strain in all mid-ventricular segments. Ventricular torsion was significantly increased in nearly all segments except the inferior sub-endocardium. The effects of isoproterenol on LV systolic mechanics (i.e., 3D strains and torsion) in healthy rats depend on the region. This region-dependency is also strain component-specific. These results provide insight into the regional response of LV mechanics to ß-adrenergic stimulation in rats, and could act as a baseline for future studies on subclinical abnormalities associated with the inotropic response in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dara Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles S Chung
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan F Wenk
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Heidorn M, Frodermann T, Böning A, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Citrulline Improves Early Post-Ischemic Recovery or Rat Hearts In Vitro by Shifting Arginine Metabolism From Polyamine to Nitric Oxide Formation. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2018; 12:1179546818771908. [PMID: 29881319 PMCID: PMC5987901 DOI: 10.1177/1179546818771908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Reperfusion or reopening of occluded vessels is the gold standard to terminate ischemia. However, early functional recovery after reperfusion is often low requiring inotropic intervention. Although catecholamines increase inotropy and chronotropy, they are not the best choice because they increase myocardial oxygen and substrate demand. As nitric oxide (NO) contributes to cardiac function, we tested the hypothesis that addition of citrulline during the onset of reperfusion improves post-ischemic recovery because citrulline can reenter arginine consumption of NO synthases (NOS) but not of arginases. Methods Hearts from adult rats were used in this study, exposed to 45-minute global ischemia and subsequently reperfused for 180 minutes. Citrulline (100 µM) or arginine (100 µM) was added with reperfusion and remained in the perfusion buffer for 180 minutes. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was used to antagonize NOS activity. Results Citrulline increased load-free cell shortening of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes and improved left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) under normoxic conditions, indicating that citrulline can affect heart function. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a constitutive loss of function during 3 hours of reperfusion, whereas citrulline, but not arginine, improved the functional recovery during reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by co-administration of l-NAME. Although citrulline increased the formation of nitrite, l-NAME attenuated this effect indicating again a positive effect of citrulline on NO formation. Citrulline, but not arginine, increased the expression of arginase-1 (protein and mRNA) but l-NAME attenuated this effect again. Collectively, citrulline improved the post-ischemic recovery in an NO-dependent way. Conclusions Citrulline, known to block arginase and to support NO formation, improves the early functional recovery of post-ischemic hearts and may be an alternative to catecholamines to improve early post-ischemic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heidorn
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tim Frodermann
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Böning
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen and Herz-, Kinderherz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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10
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Fontaine SN, Ingram A, Cloyd RA, Meier SE, Miller E, Lyons D, Nation GK, Mechas E, Weiss B, Lanzillotta C, Di Domenico F, Schmitt F, Powell DK, Vandsburger M, Abisambra JF. Identification of changes in neuronal function as a consequence of aging and tauopathic neurodegeneration using a novel and sensitive magnetic resonance imaging approach. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:78-86. [PMID: 28500878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD), constitute the most crippling neurodegenerative threat to our aging population. Tauopathic patients have significant cognitive decline accompanied by irreversible and severe brain atrophy, and it is thought that neuronal dysfunction begins years before diagnosis. Our current understanding of tauopathies has yielded promising therapeutic interventions but have all failed in clinical trials. This is partly due to the inability to identify and intervene in an effective therapeutic window early in the disease process. A major challenge that contributes to the definition of an early therapeutic window is limited technologies. To address these challenges, we modified and adapted a manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) approach to provide sensitive and quantitative power to detect changes in broad neuronal function in aging mice. Considering that tau tangle burden correlates well with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients, we performed our MEMRI approach in a time course of aging mice and an accelerated mouse model of tauopathy. We measured significant changes in broad neuronal function as a consequence of age, and in transgenic mice, before the deposition of bona fide tangles. This MEMRI approach represents the first diagnostic measure of neuronal dysfunction in mice. Successful translation of this technology in the clinic could serve as a sensitive diagnostic tool for the definition of effective therapeutic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexandria Ingram
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryan A Cloyd
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shelby E Meier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Danielle Lyons
- Spinal Cord Injury and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Grant K Nation
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mechas
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Blaine Weiss
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frederick Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Moriel Vandsburger
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Spinal Cord Injury and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Naresh NK, Butcher JT, Lye RJ, Chen X, Isakson BE, Gan LM, Kramer CM, Annex BH, Epstein FH. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects the progression of impaired myocardial perfusion reserve and increased left-ventricular mass in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:53. [PMID: 27609091 PMCID: PMC5016874 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) is prevalent in obesity and diabetes, even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and is prognostic of adverse events. We sought to establish the time course of reduced MPR and to investigate associated vascular and tissue properties in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), as they are an emerging model of human obesity, diabetes, and reduced MPR without obstructive CAD. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD or a low-fat diet (control) were imaged at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks post-diet. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol included multi-slice cine imaging to assess ejection fraction (EF), left-ventricular (LV) mass, LV wall thickness (LVWT), and LV volumes, and first-pass perfusion CMR to quantify MPR. Coronary vascular reactivity, aortic atherosclerosis, myocardial capillary density and tissue fibrosis were also assessed. RESULTS Body weight was increased in HFD mice at 6-24 weeks post-diet (p < 0.05 vs. control). MPR in HFD mice was reduced and LV mass and LVWT were increased in HFD mice at 18 and 24 weeks post-diet (p < 0.05 vs. control). Coronary arteriolar vascular reactivity to adenosine and acetylcholine were reduced in HFD mice (p < 0.05 vs. control). There were no significant differences in cardiac volumes, EF, or capillary density measurements between the two groups. Histology showed interstitial fibrosis in HFD and no aortic atherosclerosis in either group. CONCLUSIONS C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD for 18-24 weeks have progressively increased LV mass and impaired MPR with fibrosis, normal capillary density and no aortic plaque. These results establish C57Bl/6 mice fed a HFD for 18-24 weeks as a model of impaired MPR without obstructive CAD due to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K. Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Joshua T. Butcher
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Robert J. Lye
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, CVMD Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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12
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Vanhoutte L, Gerber BL, Gallez B, Po C, Magat J, Balligand JL, Feron O, Moniotte S. High field magnetic resonance imaging of rodents in cardiovascular research. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:46. [PMID: 27287250 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic and gene knockout rodent models are primordial to study pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular research. Over time, cardiac MRI has become a gold standard for in vivo evaluation of such models. Technical advances have led to the development of magnets with increasingly high field strength, allowing specific investigation of cardiac anatomy, global and regional function, viability, perfusion or vascular parameters. The aim of this report is to provide a review of the various sequences and techniques available to image mice on 7-11.7 T magnets and relevant to the clinical setting in humans. Specific technical aspects due to the rise of the magnetic field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Vanhoutte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium. .,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chrystelle Po
- CNRS, ICube, FMTS, Institut de Physique Biologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Magat
- L'Institut de RYthmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC), Inserm U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Moniotte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Rammos C, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Totzeck M, Pohl J, Lüdike P, Flögel U, Deenen R, Köhrer K, French BA, Gödecke A, Kelm M, Rassaf T. Impact of dietary nitrate on age-related diastolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:599-610. [PMID: 27118445 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, and ageing is the main contributor due to impairments in active cardiac relaxation, ventriculo-vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) affects cardiovascular functions, and NO bioavailability is critically reduced with ageing. Whether replenishment of NO deficiency with dietary inorganic nitrate would offer a novel approach to reverse age-related cardiovascular alterations was not known. METHODS AND RESULTS A dietary nitrate supplementation was applied to young (6 month) and old (20 month) wild-type mice for 8 weeks and compared with controls. High-resolution ultrasound, pressure-volume catheter techniques, and isolated heart measurements were applied to assess cardiac diastolic and vascular functions. Cardiac manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed to study the effects of dietary nitrate on myocyte calcium handling. In aged mice with preserved systolic function, dietary nitrate supplementation improved LV diastolic function, arterial compliance, and coronary flow reserve. Mechanistically, improved cardiovascular functions were associated with an accelerated cardiomyocyte calcium handling and augmented NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signalling, while enhanced nitrate reduction was related to age-related differences in the oral microbiome. CONCLUSION Dietary inorganic nitrate reverses age-related LV diastolic dysfunction and improves vascular functions. Our results highlight the potential of a dietary approach in the therapy of age-related cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Rammos
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Lüdike
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Lu Y, Wei J, Stec DE, Roman RJ, Ge Y, Cheng L, Liu EY, Zhang J, Hansen PBL, Fan F, Juncos LA, Wang L, Pollock J, Huang PL, Fu Y, Wang S, Liu R. Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1β Protects against Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2346-56. [PMID: 26647426 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important negative modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness. We recently found that macula densa expresses α-, β-, and γ-splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), and NOS1β expression in the macula densa increases on a high-salt diet. This study tested whether upregulation of NOS1β expression in the macula densa affects sodium excretion and salt-sensitive hypertension by decreasing tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness. Expression levels of NOS1β mRNA and protein were 30- and five-fold higher, respectively, than those of NOS1α in the renal cortex of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, macula densa NO production was similar in the isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus of wild-type (WT) and nitric oxide synthase 1α-knockout (NOS1αKO) mice. Compared with control mice, mice with macula densa-specific knockout of all nitric oxide synthase 1 isoforms (MD-NOS1KO) had a significantly enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback response and after acute volume expansion, significantly reduced GFR, urine flow, and sodium excretion. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly in MD-NOS1KO mice (P<0.01) but not NOS1flox/flox mice fed a high-salt diet. After infusion of angiotensin II, mean arterial pressure increased by 61.6 mmHg in MD-NOS1KO mice versus 32.0 mmHg in WT mice (P<0.01) fed a high-salt diet. These results indicate that NOS1β is a primary NOS1 isoform expressed in the macula densa and regulates the tubuloglomerular feedback response, the natriuretic response to acute volume expansion, and the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. These findings show a novel mechanism for salt sensitivity of BP and the significance of tubuloglomerular feedback response in long-term control of sodium excretion and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Richard J Roman
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ying Ge
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Liang Cheng
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Eddie Y Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Fan Fan
- Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Paul L Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiling Fu
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and
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15
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Haggerty CM, Mattingly AC, Kramer SP, Binkley CM, Jing L, Suever JD, Powell DK, Charnigo RJ, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Left ventricular mechanical dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice is exacerbated during inotropic stress: a cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:75. [PMID: 26310667 PMCID: PMC4551701 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is evidence of impaired left ventricular (LV) function associated with obesity, which may relate to cardiovascular mortality, but some studies have reported no dysfunction. Ventricular function data are generally acquired under resting conditions, which could mask subtle differences and potentially contribute to these contradictory findings. Furthermore, abnormal ventricular mechanics (strains, strain rates, and torsion) may manifest prior to global changes in cardiac function (i.e., ejection fraction) and may therefore represent more sensitive markers of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated LV mechanics under both resting and stress conditions with the hypothesis that the LV mechanical dysfunction associated with obesity is exacerbated with stress and manifested at earlier stages of disease compared to baseline. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomized to a high-fat or control diet (60 %, 10 % kcal from fat, respectively) for varying time intervals (n = 7 - 10 subjects per group per time point, 100 total; 4 - 55 weeks on diet). LV mechanics were quantified under baseline (resting) and/or stress conditions (40 μg/kg/min continuous infusion of dobutamine) using cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) with 7.4 ms temporal resolution on a 7 T Bruker ClinScan. Peak strain, systolic strain rates, and torsion were quantified. A linear mixed model was used with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustments for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Reductions in LV peak longitudinal strain at baseline were first observed in the obese group after 42 weeks, with no differences in systolic strain rates or torsion. Conversely, reductions in longitudinal strain and circumferential and radial strain rates were seen under inotropic stress conditions after only 22 weeks on diet. Furthermore, stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluation revealed supranormal values of LV radial strain and torsion in the obese group early on diet, followed by later deficits. CONCLUSIONS Differences in left ventricular mechanics in obese mice are exacerbated under stress conditions. Stress CMR demonstrated a broader array of mechanical dysfunction and revealed these differences at earlier time points. Thus, it may be important to evaluate cardiac function in the setting of obesity under stress conditions to fully elucidate the presence of ventricular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dobutamine/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Linear Models
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Obesity/complications
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Mechanical
- Stress, Physiological
- Time Factors
- Torsion, Mechanical
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Andrea C Mattingly
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Sage P Kramer
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Linyuan Jing
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Suever
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Richard J Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Geisinger Health System, Institute for Advanced Application, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
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16
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Jiang K, Li W, Li W, Jiao S, Castel L, Van Wagoner DR, Yu X. Rapid multislice T1 mapping of mouse myocardium: Application to quantification of manganese uptake in α-Dystrobrevin knockout mice. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1370-9. [PMID: 25408542 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, multislice cardiac T1 mapping method in mice and to apply the method to quantify manganese (Mn(2+)) uptake in a mouse model with altered Ca(2+) channel activity. METHODS An electrocardiography-triggered multislice saturation-recovery Look-Locker method was developed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. A two-dose study was performed to investigate the kinetics of T1 shortening, Mn(2+) relaxivity in myocardium, and the impact of Mn(2+) on cardiac function. The sensitivity of Mn(2+)-enhanced MRI in detecting subtle changes in altered Ca(2+) channel activity was evaluated in a mouse model with α-dystrobrevin knockout. RESULTS Validation studies showed strong agreement between the current method and an established method. High Mn(2+) dose led to significantly accelerated T1 shortening. Heart rate decreased during Mn(2+) infusion, while ejection ratio increased slightly at the end of imaging protocol. No statistical difference in cardiac function was detected between the two dose groups. Mice with α-dystrobrevin knockout showed enhanced Mn(2+) uptake in vivo. In vitro patch-clamp study showed increased Ca(2+) channel activity. CONCLUSION The saturation recovery method provides rapid T1 mapping in mouse hearts, which allowed sensitive detection of subtle changes in Mn(2+) uptake in α-dystrobrevin knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sen Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laurie Castel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Desrois M, Kober F, Lan C, Dalmasso C, Cole M, Clarke K, Cozzone PJ, Bernard M. Effect of isoproterenol on myocardial perfusion, function, energy metabolism and nitric oxide pathway in the rat heart - a longitudinal MR study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:529-538. [PMID: 24677605 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The chronic administration of the β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (IsoP) is used in animals to study the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and failure associated with a sustained increase in circulating catecholamines. Time-dependent changes in myocardial blood flow (MBF), morphological and functional parameters were assessed in rats in vivo using multimodal cardiac MRI. Energy metabolism, oxidative stress and the nitric oxide (NO) pathway were evaluated in isolated perfused rat hearts following 7 days of treatment. Male Wistar rats were infused for 7 days with IsoP or vehicle using osmotic pumps. Cine-MRI and arterial spin labeling were used to determine left ventricular morphology, function and MBF at days 1, 2 and 7 after pump implantation. Isolated hearts were then perfused, and high-energy phosphate compounds and intracellular pH were followed using ³¹P MRS with simultaneous measurement of contractile function. Total creatine and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The NO pathway was evaluated by NO synthase isoform expression and total nitrate concentration (NO(x)). In IsoP-treated rats, left ventricular mass was increased at day 1 and maintained. Wall thickness was increased with a peak at day 2 and a tendency to return to baseline values at day 7. MBF was markedly increased at day 1 and returned to normal values between days 1 and 2. The rate-pressure product and phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio in perfused hearts were reduced. MDA, endothelial NO synthase expression and NO(x) were increased. Sustained high cardiac function and normal MBF after 24 h of IsoP infusion indicate imbalance between functional demand and blood flow, leading to morphological changes. After 1 week, cardiac hypertrophy and decreased function were associated with impaired phosphocreatine, increased oxidative stress and up-regulation of the NO pathway. These results provide supplemental information on the evolution of the different contributing factors leading to morphological and functional changes in this model of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Desrois
- Aix-Marseille Université UMR CNRS n°7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
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18
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Roy RJ, Antkowiak PF, Annex BH, Epstein FH. Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass perfusion MRI of the mouse heart: development and application to diet-induced obese mice. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1237-45. [PMID: 24760707 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene-modified mice may be used to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal myocardial blow flow (MBF). We sought to develop a quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging technique for mice and to test the hypothesis that myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) is reduced in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS A dual-contrast saturation-recovery sequence with ky -t undersampling and a motion-compensated compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm was developed for first-pass MRI on a small-bore 7 Tesla system. Control mice were imaged at rest and with the vasodilators ATL313 and Regadenoson (n = 6 each). In addition, we imaged mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. RESULTS In control mice, MBF was 5.7 ± 0.8 mL/g/min at rest and it increased to 11.8 ± 0.6 mL/g/min with ATL313 and to 10.4 ± 0.3 mL/g/min with Regadenoson. In HFD mice, we detected normal resting MBF (5.6 ± 0.4 versus 5.0 ± 0.3 on control diet), low MBF at stress (7.7 ± 0.4 versus 10.4 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05), and reduced MPR (1.4 ± 0.2 versus 2.0 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass MRI with motion-compensated compressed sensing provides spatiotemporal resolution suitable for measuring MBF in free-breathing mice, and detected reduced MPR in DIO mice. These techniques may be used to study molecular mechanisms that underlie abnormal myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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20
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Kramer SP, Powell DK, Haggerty CM, Binkley CM, Mattingly AC, Cassis LA, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Obesity reduces left ventricular strains, torsion, and synchrony in mouse models: a cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:109. [PMID: 24380567 PMCID: PMC3882783 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects a third of adults in the US and results in an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. While the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are not well understood, animal models of obesity have shown direct effects on the heart such as steatosis and fibrosis, which may affect cardiac function. However, the effect of obesity on cardiac function in animal models is not well-defined. We hypothesized that diet-induced obesity in mice reduces strain, torsion, and synchrony in the left ventricle (LV). METHODS Ten 12-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to a high-fat or low-fat diet. After 5 months on the diet, mice were imaged with a 7 T ClinScan using a cine DENSE protocol. Three short-axis and two long-axis slices were acquired for quantification of strains, torsion and synchrony in the left ventricle. RESULTS Left ventricular mass was increased by 15% (p = 0.032) with no change in volumes or ejection fraction. Subepicardial strain was lower in the obese mice with a 40% reduction in circumferential strain (p = 0.008) a 53% reduction in radial strain (p = 0.032) and a trend towards a 19% reduction in longitudinal strain (p = 0.056). By contrast, subendocardial strain was modestly reduced in the obese mice in the circumferential direction by 12% (p = 0.028), and no different in the radial (p = 0.690) or longitudinal (p = 0.602) directions. Peak torsion was reduced by 34% (p = 0.028). Synchrony of contraction was also reduced (p = 0.032) with a time delay in the septal-to-lateral direction. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced obesity reduces left ventricular strains and torsion in mice. Reductions in cardiac strain are mostly limited to the subepicardium, with relative preservation of function in the subendocardium. Diet-induced obesity also leads to reduced synchrony of contraction and hypertrophy in mouse models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Contraction
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/diagnosis
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Stress, Mechanical
- Stroke Volume
- Time Factors
- Torsion, Mechanical
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage P Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Haggerty
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrea C Mattingly
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, MN-150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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21
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Haggerty CM, Kramer SP, Skrinjar O, Binkley CM, Powell DK, Mattingly AC, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Quantification of left ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fraction using cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:398-406. [PMID: 24923710 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that magnitude images from cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately quantify left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and ejection fraction (EF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen mice (C57BL/6J) were imaged using a 7T ClinScan MRI. A short-axis stack of cine T2-weighted black blood (BB) images was acquired for calculation of LV volumes, mass, and EF using the gold standard sum-of-slices methodology. DENSE images were acquired during the same imaging session in three short-axis (basal, mid, apical) and two long-axis orientations. A custom surface fitting algorithm was applied to epicardial and endocardial borders from the DENSE magnitude images to calculate volumes, mass, and EF. Agreement between the DENSE-derived measures and BB-derived measures was assessed via coefficient of variation (CoV). RESULTS 3D surface reconstruction was completed on the order of seconds from segmented images, and required fewer slices to be segmented. Volumes, mass, and EF from DENSE-derived surfaces matched well with BB data (CoVs ≤11%). CONCLUSION LV mass, volumes, and EF in mice can be quantified through sparse (five slices) sampling with DENSE. This consolidation significantly reduces the time required to assess both mass/volume-based measures of cardiac function and advanced cardiac mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- University of Kentucky, Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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22
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Haggerty CM, Kramer SP, Binkley CM, Powell DK, Mattingly AC, Charnigo R, Epstein FH, Fornwalt BK. Reproducibility of cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance for measuring left ventricular strains, torsion, and synchrony in mice. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:71. [PMID: 23981339 PMCID: PMC3765995 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced measures of cardiac function are increasingly important to clinical assessment due to their superior diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is ideal for quantifying advanced measures of cardiac function based on its high spatial resolution and streamlined post-processing. While many studies have utilized cine DENSE in both humans and small-animal models, the inter-test and inter-observer reproducibility for quantification of advanced cardiac function in mice has not been evaluated. This represents a critical knowledge gap for both understanding the capabilities of this technique and for the design of future experiments. We hypothesized that cine DENSE CMR would show excellent inter-test and inter-observer reproducibility for advanced measures of left ventricular (LV) function in mice. METHODS Five normal mice (C57BL/6) and four mice with depressed cardiac function (diet-induced obesity) were imaged twice, two days apart, on a 7T ClinScan MR system. Images were acquired with 15-20 frames per cardiac cycle in three short-axis (basal, mid, apical) and two long-axis orientations (4-chamber and 2-chamber). LV strain, twist, torsion, and measures of synchrony were quantified. Images from both days were analyzed by one observer to quantify inter-test reproducibility, while inter-observer reproducibility was assessed by a second observer's analysis of day-1 images. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was used to quantify reproducibility. RESULTS LV strains and torsion were highly reproducible on both inter-observer and inter-test bases with CoVs ≤ 15%, and inter-observer reproducibility was generally better than inter-test reproducibility. However, end-systolic twist angles showed much higher variance, likely due to the sensitivity of slice location within the sharp longitudinal gradient in twist angle. Measures of synchrony including the circumferential (CURE) and radial (RURE) uniformity of strain indices, showed excellent reproducibility with CoVs of 1% and 3%, respectively. Finally, peak measures (e.g., strains) were generally more reproducible than the corresponding rates of change (e.g., strain rate). CONCLUSIONS Cine DENSE CMR is a highly reproducible technique for quantification of advanced measures of left ventricular cardiac function in mice including strains, torsion and measures of synchrony. However, myocardial twist angles are not reproducible and future studies should instead report torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sage P Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cassi M Binkley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrea C Mattingly
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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23
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Watts VL, Sepulveda FM, Cingolani OH, Ho AS, Niu X, Kim R, Miller KL, Vandegaer K, Bedja D, Gabrielson KL, Rameau G, O'Rourke B, Kass DA, Barouch LA. Anti-hypertrophic and anti-oxidant effect of beta3-adrenergic stimulation in myocytes requires differential neuronal NOS phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:8-17. [PMID: 23643588 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stimulation of β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-AR) blunts contractility and improves chronic left ventricular function in hypertrophied and failing hearts in a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) dependent manner. nNOS can be regulated by post-translational modification of stimulatory phosphorylation residue Ser1412 and inhibitory residue Ser847. However, the role of phosphorylation of these residues in cardiomyocytes and β3-AR protective signaling has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that β3-AR regulation of myocyte stress requires changes in nNOS activation mediated by differential nNOS phosphorylation. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelin (ET-1) or norepinephrine induced hypertrophy in rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) was accompanied by increased β3-AR gene expression. Co-administration of the β3-AR agonist BRL-37433 (BRL) reduced cell size and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while augmenting NOS activity. BRL-dependent augmentation of NOS activity and ROS suppression due to NE were blocked by inhibiting nNOS (L-VNIO). BRL augmented nNOS phosphorylation at Ser1412 and dephosphorylation at Ser847. Cells expressing constitutively dephosphorylated Ser1412A or phosphorylated Ser847D nNOS mutants displayed reduced nNOS activity and a lack of BRL modulation. BRL also failed to depress ROS from NE in cells with nNOS-Ser847D. Inhibiting Akt decreased BRL-induced nNOS-Ser1412 phosphorylation and NOS activation, whereas Gi/o blockade blocked BRL-regulation of both post-translational modifications, preventing enhancement of NOS activity and ROS reduction. BRL resulted in near complete dephosphorylation of Ser847 and a moderate rise in Ser1412 phosphorylation in mouse myocardium exposed to chronic pressure-overload. CONCLUSION β3-AR regulates myocardial NOS activity and ROS via activation of nNOS involving reciprocal changes in phosphorylation at two regulatory sites. These data identify a novel and potent anti-oxidant and anti-hypertrophic pathway due to nNOS post-translational modification that is coupled to β3-AR receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vabren L Watts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Beta blockers, nitric oxide, and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Greally E, Davison BJ, Blain A, Laval S, Blamire A, Straub V, MacGowan GA. Heterogeneous abnormalities of in-vivo left ventricular calcium influx and function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:4. [PMID: 23324314 PMCID: PMC3564732 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MECMR) can non-invasively assess myocardial calcium influx, and calcium levels are known to be elevated in muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy based on cellular studies. METHODS Left ventricular functional studies and MECMR were performed in mdx mice (model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 24 and 40 weeks) and Sgcd -/- mice (limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2 F, 16 and 32 weeks), compared to wild type controls (C57Bl/10, WT). RESULTS Both models had left ventricular hypertrophy at the later age compared to WT, though the mdx mice had reduced stroke volumes and the Sgcd -/- mice increased heart rate and cardiac index. Especially at the younger ages, MECMR was significantly elevated in both models (both P < 0.05 versus WT). The L-type calcium channel inhibitor diltiazem (5 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced MECMR in the mdx mice (P < 0.01), though only with a higher dose (10 mg/kg i.p.) in the Sgcd -/- mice (P < 0.05). As the Sgcd -/- mice had increased heart rates, to determine the role of heart rate in MECMR we studied the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel inhibitor ZD 7288 which selectively reduces heart rate. This reduced heart rate and MECMR in all mouse groups. However, when looking at the time course of reduction of MECMR in the Sgcd -/- mice at up to 5 minutes of the manganese infusion when heart rates were matched to the WT mice, MECMR was still significantly elevated in the Sgcd -/- mice (P < 0.01) indicating that heart rate alone could not account for all the increased MECMR. CONCLUSIONS Despite both mouse models exhibiting increased in-vivo calcium influx at an early stage in the development of the cardiomyopathy before left ventricular hypertrophy, there are distinct phenotypical differences between the 2 models in terms of heart rates, hemodynamics and responses to calcium channel inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Chlorides
- Contrast Media
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Genotype
- Heart Rate
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Manganese Compounds
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Phenotype
- Sarcoglycans/deficiency
- Sarcoglycans/genetics
- Stroke Volume
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Greally
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
| | - Benjamin J Davison
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
| | - Alison Blain
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
| | - Steve Laval
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Volker Straub
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Center for Life, Newcastle, UK
- Dept of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Akki A, Gupta A, Weiss RG. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the murine cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H633-48. [PMID: 23292717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00771.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful and reliable tool to noninvasively study the cardiovascular system in clinical practice. Because transgenic mouse models have assumed a critical role in cardiovascular research, technological advances in MRI have been extended to mice over the last decade. These have provided critical insights into cardiac and vascular morphology, function, and physiology/pathophysiology in many murine models of heart disease. Furthermore, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has allowed the nondestructive study of myocardial metabolism in both isolated hearts and in intact mice. This article reviews the current techniques and important pathophysiological insights from the application of MRI/MRS technology to murine models of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Akki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Simpson RM, Keegan J, Firmin DN. MR assessment of regional myocardial mechanics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:576-99. [PMID: 22826177 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional myocardial function can be measured by several MR techniques including tissue tagging, phase velocity mapping, and more recently, displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) and strain encoding (SENC). Each of these techniques was developed separately and has undergone significant change since its original implementation. As a result, in the current literature, the common features and the differences between the techniques and what they measure are often unclear and confusing. This review article delivers an extensively referenced introductory text which clarifies the current methodology from the starting point of the Bloch equations. By doing this in a consistent way for each method, the similarities and differences between them are highlighted. In addition, their capabilities and limitations are discussed, together with their relative advantages and disadvantages. While the focus is on sequence design and development, the principal parameters measured by each technique are also summarized, together with brief results, with the reader being directed to the extensive literature on data processing and clinical applications for more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Simpson
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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28
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Zhong X, Gibberman LB, Spottiswoode BS, Gilliam AD, Meyer CH, French BA, Epstein FH. Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance of myocardial mechanics in mice using three-dimensional cine DENSE. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:83. [PMID: 22208954 PMCID: PMC3278394 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative noninvasive imaging of myocardial mechanics in mice enables studies of the roles of individual genes in cardiac function. We sought to develop comprehensive three-dimensional methods for imaging myocardial mechanics in mice. METHODS A 3D cine DENSE pulse sequence was implemented on a 7T small-bore scanner. The sequence used three-point phase cycling for artifact suppression and a stack-of-spirals k-space trajectory for efficient data acquisition. A semi-automatic 2D method was adapted for 3D image segmentation, and automated 3D methods to calculate strain, twist, and torsion were employed. A scan protocol that covered the majority of the left ventricle in a scan time of less than 25 minutes was developed, and seven healthy C57Bl/6 mice were studied. RESULTS Using these methods, multiphase normal and shear strains were measured, as were myocardial twist and torsion. Peak end-systolic values for the normal strains at the mid-ventricular level were 0.29 ± 0.17, -0.13 ± 0.03, and -0.18 ± 0.14 for E(rr), E(cc), and E(ll), respectively. Peak end-systolic values for the shear strains were 0.00 ± 0.08, 0.04 ± 0.12, and 0.03 ± 0.07 for E(rc), E(rl), and E(cl), respectively. The peak end-systolic normalized torsion was 5.6 ± 0.9°. CONCLUSIONS Using a 3D cine DENSE sequence tailored for cardiac imaging in mice at 7 T, a comprehensive assessment of 3D myocardial mechanics can be achieved with a scan time of less than 25 minutes and an image analysis time of approximately 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce S Spottiswoode
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Craig H Meyer
- Radiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Radiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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