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Hsu HC, Tade G, Robinson C, Dlongolo N, Teckie G, Solomon A, Woodiwiss AJ, Dessein PH. Associations of Traditionally Determined Left Ventricular Mass Indices and Hemodynamic and Non-Hemodynamic Components of Cardiac Remodeling with Diastolic and Systolic Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4211. [PMID: 37445246 PMCID: PMC10342723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the extent to which different left ventricular mass parameters are associated with left ventricular function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We compared the associations between traditionally determined left ventricular mass indices (LVMIs) and hemodynamic (predicted LVMIs) and non-hemodynamic remodeling parameters with left ventricular function in patients with CKD; non-hemodynamic remodeling was represented by inappropriate left ventricular mass and inappropriate excess LVMIs (traditionally determined LVMIs-predicted LVMIs). Non-hemodynamic left ventricular remodeling parameters were strongly associated with impaired left ventricular systolic function (p < 0.001), whereas hemodynamic left ventricular remodeling was also related strongly (p < 0.001) but directly to left ventricular systolic function. Independent of one another, hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic left ventricular remodeling had associations in opposite directions to left ventricular systolic function and was associated directly with traditionally determined left ventricular mas indices (p < 0.001 for all relationships). Non-hemodynamic cardiac remodeling parameters discriminated more effectively than traditionally determined LVMIs between patients with and without reduced ejection fraction (p < 0.04 for comparison). Left ventricular mass parameters were unrelated to impaired diastolic function in patients with CKD. Traditionally determined LVMIs are less strongly associated with impaired systolic function than non-hemodynamic remodeling parameters (p < 0.04-0.01 for comparisons) because they represent both adaptive or compensatory and non-hemodynamic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Chun Hsu
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (H.-C.H.); (G.T.); (C.R.); (A.J.W.)
- Nephrology Unit, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Grace Tade
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (H.-C.H.); (G.T.); (C.R.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Chanel Robinson
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (H.-C.H.); (G.T.); (C.R.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Noluntu Dlongolo
- Rheumatology Unit, Rosebank Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Gloria Teckie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed Solomon
- Internal Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Angela Jill Woodiwiss
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (H.-C.H.); (G.T.); (C.R.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Patrick Hector Dessein
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (H.-C.H.); (G.T.); (C.R.); (A.J.W.)
- Rheumatology Unit, Rosebank Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Internal Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
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Han B, Zhang X, Wang L, Yuan W. Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Contributes to Uremic Cardiomyopathy via Induction of IFNγ-Producing CD4 + T Cells Expansion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0310122. [PMID: 36788674 PMCID: PMC9927280 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03101-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) correlates with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced morbidity and mortality. Gut microbiota has been involved in the pathogenesis of certain cardiovascular disease, but the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of UCM remains unknown. Here, we performed a case-control study to compare the gut microbiota of patients with CKD and healthy controls by 16S rRNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. To test the causative relationship between gut microbiota and UCM, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 5/6th nephrectomy model of CKD. We found that opportunistic pathogens, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), are markedly enriched in patients with CKD. FMT from CKD patients aggravated diastolic dysfunction in the mouse model. The diastolic dysfunction was associated with microbiome-dependent increases in heart-infiltrating IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells. Monocolonization with K. pneumoniae increased cardiac IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells infiltration and promoted UCM development of the mouse model. A probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis decreased the relative abundance of K. pneumoniae, reduced levels of cardiac IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells and ameliorated the severity of diastolic dysfunction in the mice. Thus, the aberrant gut microbiota in CKD patients, especially K. pneumoniae, contributed to UCM pathogenesis through the induction of heart-infiltrating IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells expansion, proposing that a Gut Microbiota-Gut-Kidney-Heart axis could play a critical role in elucidating the etiology of UCM, and suggesting that modulation of the gut bacteria may serve as a promising target for the amelioration of UCM. IMPORTANCE Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) correlates tightly with increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the pathogenesis of UCM remains incompletely understood, limiting therapeutic approaches. Our study proposed that a Gut Microbiota-Gut-Kidney-Heart axis could play a critical role in understanding etiology of UCM. There is a major need in future clinical trials of patients with CKD to explore if modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics or antibiotics can alleviate cardiac dysfunction, reduce mortality, and improve life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu J, Wang J, Wang Y, Fan W, Li H, Wu H. Echocardiography E/A Abnormality is Associated with the Development of Primary Left Ventricle Remodeling in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women: A Longitudinal Study. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:629-638. [PMID: 37096218 PMCID: PMC10122471 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s399996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation is indicative of grade I diastolic dysfunction, which is mainly assessed by late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A ratio). Although the E/A ratio has important diagnostic and prognostic implications with cardiac outcomes, the causal link between abnormal E/A ratio and left ventricle remodeling (LV remodeling) remains unclear. Methods A longitudinal analysis of 869 eligible women aged ≥45 years, who had received echocardiography scans as well as 5-year follow-up assessments between 2015 and 2020. Women with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities including grade II/III diastolic dysfunction as diagnosed by echocardiography, or structural heart disease were excluded. E/A abnormality was defined as baseline E/A ratio <0.8. The classification of LV remodeling was based on the measurements of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT). Logistic and linear regression models were used. Results Among the 869 women (60.71±10.01 years), 164 (18.9%) had developed LV remodeling after the 5-year follow-up. The proportion of women with E/A abnormality versus non-abnormality was also significantly different (27.13% vs 16.59%, P=0.007). Multivariable-adjusted regression models showed that E/A abnormality (OR: 4.14, 95%Cl:1.80-9.20, P=0.009) was significantly associated with higher risk of concentric hypertrophy (CH) after follow-up. No such association was found in either concentric remodeling (CR) or eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Higher baseline E/A ratio was correlated with lower ΔRWT during the 5-year follow-up (β=-0.006 m/s, 95% CI: -0.012 to -0.002, P=0.025), which was independent of demographics and biological factors. Conclusion E/A abnormality is associated with a higher risk of CH. Higher baseline E/A ratio may be associated with decreased relative changes in RWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Husheng Li
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengjing Wu
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hengjing Wu, Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2209 Xing Guang Road, Shanghai, 201613, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615821525700, Email
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Vieira S, Aguilar BA, Veiga AC, Philbois SV, Freitas ACS, Rodrigues KP, Tank J, Souza HCD. Integrative physiological study of adaptations induced by aerobic physical training in hypertensive hearts. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920196. [PMID: 36060681 PMCID: PMC9437217 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic physical training reduces arterial pressure in patients with hypertension owing to integrative systemic adaptations. One of the key factors is the decrease in cardiac sympathetic influence. Thus, we hypothesized that among other causes, cardiac sympathetic influence reduction might be associated with intrinsic cardiac adaptations that provide greater efficiency. Therefore, 14 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR group) and 14 normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY group) were used in this study. Half of the rats in each group were trained to swim for 12 weeks. All animals underwent the following experimental protocols: double blockade of cardiac autonomic receptors with atropine and propranolol; echocardiography; and analysis of coronary bed reactivity and left ventricle contractility using the Langendorff technique. The untrained SHR group had a higher sympathetic tone, cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced ejection fraction compared with the untrained WKY group. In addition, reduced coronary bed reactivity due to increased flow, and less ventricular contractile response to dobutamine and salbutamol administration were observed. The trained SHR group showed fewer differences in echocardiographic parameters as the untrained SHR group. However, the trained SHR group showed a reduction in the cardiac sympathetic influence, greater coronary bed reactivity, and increased left intraventricular pressure. In conclusion, aerobic physical training seems to reduce cardiac sympathetic influence and increase contractile strength in SHR rats, besides the minimal effects on cardiac morphology. This reduction suggests intrinsic cardiac adaptations resulting in beneficial adjustments of coronary bed reactivity associated with greater left ventricular contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suenimeire Vieira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno A. Aguilar
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella V. Philbois
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline S. Freitas
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine P. Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo C. D. Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Hugo C. D. Souza,
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Adekunle AO, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Ndzie Noah ML, Adu-Amankwaah J, Rizvi R, Akhter N, Sun H. Predominance of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal Women: Intra- and Extra-Cardiomyocyte Maladaptive Alterations Scaffolded by Estrogen Deficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685996. [PMID: 34660569 PMCID: PMC8511782 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the dominant (>50%) form of HF and mostly occurring among postmenopausal women. Hence, the initiation and progression of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions (LVDD) (a typically clinical manifestation of HFpEF) in postmenopausal women have been attributed to estrogen deficiency and the loss of its residue cardioprotective effects. In this review, from a pathophysiological and immunological standpoint, we discuss the probable multiple pathomechanisms resulting in HFpEF, which are facilitated by estrogen deficiency. The initial discussions recap estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) signaling under physiological/pathological states to facilitate cardiac function/dysfunction, respectively. By reconciling these prior discussions, attempts were made to explain how the loss of estrogen facilitates the disruptions both ERs and βARs-mediated signaling responsible for; the modulation of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis, maintenance of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix, the adaptive regulation of coronary microvascular endothelial functions and myocardial inflammatory responses. By scaffolding the disruption of these crucial intra- and extra-cardiomyocyte physiological functions, estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated to cause LVDD and increase the incidence of HFpEF in postmenopausal women. Finally, updates on the advancements in treatment interventions for the prevention of HFpEF were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Nazma Akhter
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Cross-Talk between Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Calcium Regulatory Proteins in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168782. [PMID: 34445487 PMCID: PMC8395829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. They translate mechanical forces including shear stress and stretch into biological signals. The most prominent biological signal through which the cardiovascular physiological activity is initiated or maintained are intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+). Growing evidence show that the Ca2+ entry mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels is also precisely regulated by a variety of key proteins which are distributed in the cell membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Recent studies have revealed that mechanosensitive ion channels can even physically interact with Ca2+ regulatory proteins and these interactions have wide implications for physiology and pathophysiology. Therefore, this paper reviews the cross-talk between mechanosensitive ion channels and some key Ca2+ regulatory proteins in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease.
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Sutovska H, Miklovic M, Molcan L. Artificial light at night suppresses the expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase in the left ventricle of the heart in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1762-1771. [PMID: 34089548 DOI: 10.1113/ep089594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Artificial light at night decreases blood pressure and heart rate in rats. Are these changes in heart rate accompanied by changes in protein expression in the heart's left ventricle? What is the main finding and its importance? Five weeks of artificial light at night affected protein expression in the heart's left ventricle in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Artificial light at night decreased expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase, angiotensin II receptor type 1 and endothelin-1. ABSTRACT Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the circadian rhythm of the heart rate in normotensive Wistar rats (WT) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) through the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the heart's activity through calcium handling, an important regulator in heart contractility. We analysed the expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA2) and other selected regulatory proteins involved in the regulation of heart contractility, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 R), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the left ventricle of the heart in WT and SHR after 2 and 5 weeks of ALAN with intensity 1-2 lx. Expression of SERCA2 was decreased in WT (control: 0.53 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.46 ± 0.10) and SHR (control: 0.72 ± 0.18; ALAN: 0.56 ± 0.21) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.067). Expression of AT1 R was significantly decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.34 ± 0.20) and SHR (control: 0.38 ± 0.07; ALAN: 0.23 ± 0.09) after 2 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.028) and in SHR after 5 weeks of ALAN. Expression of ET-1 was decreased in WT (control: 0.51 ± 0.27; ALAN: 0.28 ± 0.12) and SHR (control: 0.54 ± 0.10; ALAN: 0.35 ± 0.23) after 5 weeks of ALAN (P = 0.015). ALAN did not affect the expression of TH in WT or SHR. In conclusion, ALAN suppressed the expression of SERCA2, AT1 R and ET-1, which are important for the regulation of heart contractility, in a strain-dependent pattern in both WT and SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Miklovic
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Liu G, Wu F, Jiang X, Que Y, Qin Z, Hu P, Lee KSS, Yang J, Zeng C, Hammock BD, Tong X. Inactivation of Cys 674 in SERCA2 increases BP by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1793-1805. [PMID: 31758704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The kidney is essential in regulating sodium homeostasis and BP. The irreversible oxidation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is increased in the renal cortex of hypertensive mice. Whether inactivation of C674 promotes hypertension is unclear. Here we have investigated the effects on BP of the inactivation of C674, and its role in the kidney. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to represent partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The BP, urine volume, and urine composition of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were measured. The kidneys were collected for cell culture, Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity, protein expression, and immunohistological analysis. KEY RESULTS Compared with WT mice, SKI mice had higher BP, lower urine volume and sodium excretion, up-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and down-regulated dopamine D1 receptors in renal cortex and cells from renal proximal tubule. ER stress and sEH were mutually regulated, and both upstream of D1 receptors. Inhibition of ER stress or sEH up-regulated expression of D1 receptors, decreased the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, increased sodium excretion, and lowered BP in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of hypertension by inducing ER stress and sEH. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in BP control and the contribution of SERCA2 to sodium homeostasis and BP in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuhua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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He Y, Shi M, Wu J, Sun Z, Guo J, Liu Y, Han D. Effects of a high-fat diet on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiac remodeling in Wistar rats without hyperlipidemia. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:42-51. [PMID: 31902272 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1709932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet is often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Research has suggested that consumption of a high-fat diet for 10 weeks is associated with cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias, through alterations in cardiac remodeling and myocardial intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling. In this study, rats were randomly divided into two groups: the standard diet (N = 5) and high-fat diet (N = 5) groups. To evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac remodeling, we investigated the myocardium obtained from male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet or standard diet for ten weeks via scanning electron microscopy, polarization microscopy, and RT-PCR. We found that compared with the standard diet cohort, the high-fat diet cohort exhibited increased levels of SERCA2a and SERCA2b mRNA and a decreased level of PLB mRNA (P < .05). These findings showed that a high-fat diet may lead to cardiac upregulation of Ca2+ transport-related genes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, we observed endocardial injury accompanied by focal dense layered collagen, increased spacing between endocardial cells that was often filled with collagen debris, and increased amounts of collagen fibers among enlarged cardiomyocytes in the high-fat diet cohort. The abnormal intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiac remodeling may be contributing factors in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in high-fat diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin He
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.,Emergency Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojing Shi
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatong Wu
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Guo
- Cardiology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hasegawa T, Asakura M, Asanuma H, Amaki M, Takahama H, Sugano Y, Kanzaki H, Yasuda S, Anzai T, Izumi C, Kitakaze M. Difference in the prevalence of subclinical left ventricular impairment among left ventricular geometric pattern in a community-based population. J Cardiol 2019; 75:439-446. [PMID: 31813675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is reported to cause LV diastolic dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction in each group categorized by the geometric pattern of LV hypertrophy in a community-based population. METHODS We studied 1260 community-dwelling subjects who experienced no symptoms of obvious heart disease (461 men, 799 women) and who participated in annual health check-ups in a rural Japanese community. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to LV mass index and relative wall thickness: normal geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. We investigated the prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction in the overall and stratified population by LV geometric pattern. LV diastolic function was determined by 3 echocardiographic parameters of LV diastolic function: early diastolic myocardial velocity, the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity and myocardial velocity, and indexed left atrial dimension. LV diastolic dysfunction was defined as the presence of abnormal values in more than 2 of 3 echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS The prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction was higher in the categories with more severe LV hypertrophy. However, LV mass index, rather than relative wall thickness, was a significant determinant of LV diastolic dysfunction, after adjustment for comorbidities. In addition, 71 (10%) out of 740 subjects with normal LV geometric pattern had LV diastolic dysfunction even without obvious LV geometric change. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction was higher in the subjects with more severe LV hypertrophy in a community-based population. Subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction without obvious LV geometric change should be noted and its clinical impact should be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Amaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Lin SR, Lin SY, Chen CC, Fu YS, Weng CF. Exploring a New Natural Treating Agent for Primary Hypertension: Recent Findings and Forthcoming Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2003. [PMID: 31744165 PMCID: PMC6912567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension describes abnormally-high systolic/diastolic blood pressure in a resting condition caused by various genetic or environmental risk factors. Remarkably, severe complications, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease have led to primary hypertension becoming a huge burden for almost one-third of the total population. Medication is the major regimen for treating primary hypertension; however, recent medications may have adverse effects that attenuate energy levels. Hence, the search for new hypotensive agents from folk or traditional medicine may be fruitful in the discovery and development of new drugs. This review assembles recent findings for natural antihypertensive agents, extracts, or decoctions published in PubMed, and provides insights into the search for new hypotensive compounds based on blood-pressure regulating mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic/adrenergic receptor/calcium channel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Yea Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong,160 Zhongzheng S. Rd. Luodong, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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12
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A Systematic Review of NAFLD-Associated Extrahepatic Disorders in Youths. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060868. [PMID: 31213030 PMCID: PMC6617181 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease affecting not only the liver but also extrahepatic organs. Aim: To investigate whether in youths NAFLD is associated with extrahepatic complications such as subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, decreased bone mineral density, renal dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed; Scopus; Embase; and the Cochrane Library databases up to 28 February 2019 and assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Thirty-five articles were selected for this systematic review: fifteen (4627 participants) evaluated the association of NAFLD with subclinical atherosclerosis; four (969 participants) with cardiac abnormalities; two (550 participants) with hypertension; four (1328 participants) with diabetes; six (523 participants) with low bone mineral density; two (865 participants) with renal dysfunction; one with obstructive sleep apnea; and one with polycystic ovary syndrome. Most studies found that youths with NAFLD have increased features of subclinical atherosclerosis; as well as of cardiac alterations. Limited data were available to endorse a solid estimate of the prevalence of diabetes; low mineral density and renal dysfunction in the pediatric NAFLD population. Conclusion: NAFLD-related intermediate CVD outcomes can occur and be detected early in young populations.
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13
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Maltsev AV, Evdokimovskii EV, Kokoz YM. α2-Adrenoceptor signaling in cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats starts to impair already at early age. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:908-913. [PMID: 30929926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α2-Adrenoceptors (α2-AR) found in the cardiomyocyte's sarcolemma represent a very important negative feedback for control of myocardial contractility by endogenous catecholamines. Earlier, we showed that the endogenous neurotransmitter agmatine in micromolar concentrations via α2-AR activates the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, enhancing the Ca2+ pumping into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In the millimolar doses it inhibits Ca2+ sequestration by SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), acting through the first type of imidazoline receptors. Here, we study the functional activity of agmatine, as well as a specific α2-agonist, guanabenz, in respect to spontaneous Ca2+-transients in SHR cardiomyocytes of the early age (2-2.5 months), and adulthood animals (8-9 months). α2-mediated cardioprotective effect was almost twofold decreased in SHR cardiac cells compared to normotensive rats of the corresponding age, despite the fact that both α2A- and α2B-AR protein levels were significantly increased in SHR cardiomyocytes. NO-mediated facilitation of SERCA activity is substantially reduced in SHR cardiomyocytes vs. normotensive rats. These data suggest that the SHR phenotype starting from early age shows signs of the impaired sarcolemmal α2-AR signaling, which can aggravate the development of this cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Maltsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Butlerova 5А, 117485, Russia.
| | - E V Evdokimovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia
| | - Y M Kokoz
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia
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14
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Winterberg PD, Robertson JM, Kelleman MS, George RP, Ford ML. T Cells Play a Causal Role in Diastolic Dysfunction during Uremic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:407-420. [PMID: 30728178 PMCID: PMC6405145 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic cardiomyopathy, characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and impaired myocardial strain, contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Emerging evidence suggests a pathogenic role for T cells during chronic heart failure. METHODS To determine whether T cells contribute to uremic cardiomyopathy pathogenesis, we modeled this condition by inducing CKD via 5/6th nephrectomy in mice. We used flow cytometry to assess expression of markers of T cell memory or activation by lymphocytes from CKD mice and controls, as well as lymphocyte capacity for cytokine production. Flow cytometry was also used to quantify immune cells isolated from heart tissue. To test effects of T cell depletion on cardiac function, we gave CKD mice anti-CD3 antibody injections to deplete T cells and compared heart function (assessed by echocardiography) with that of controls. Finally, we correlated T cell phenotypes with structural and functional measures on clinically acquired echocardiograms in children with CKD. RESULTS Mice with CKD accumulated T cells bearing markers of memory differentiation (CD44hi) and activation (PD-1, KLRG1, OX40), as reported previously in human CKD. In addition, mice with CKD showed T cells infiltrating the heart. T cell depletion significantly improved both diastolic function and myocardial strain in CKD mice without altering hypertension or degree of renal dysfunction. In children with CKD, increasing frequency of T cells bearing activation markers PD-1 and/or CD57 was associated with worsening diastolic function on echocardiogram. CONCLUSIONS CKD results in an accumulation of proinflammatory T cells that appears to contribute to myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Winterberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics,
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Michael S Kelleman
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Roshan P George
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, and
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15
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Influence of Amiodarone and Dronedarone on the Force-Interval Dependence of Rat Myocardium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4737489. [PMID: 30155479 PMCID: PMC6098862 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4737489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone and its analogue dronedarone is caused by their direct actions on several cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal ion currents. However, whether their effects are related to intracellular calcium levels is not exactly known. Ca2+ cycling refers to the release and reuptake of intracellular Ca2+, which induces muscle contraction and relaxation and determines the force-interval dependence. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of amiodarone and dronedarone on the force-interval relationship. Materials and Results. The work was performed on the papillary muscles of the left ventricle of male Wistar rats. Muscle perfusion was performed at 36.5°C with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution with baseline stimulation 0.5 Hz. The postrest test (4-60 s) and the extrasystolic exposure (0.2-1.5 s) were evaluated. Inotropic reaction to the test exposure was evaluated before and after muscle perfusion with solution containing amiodarone (10−6 M) or dronedarone (10−6 M) during 10 min. Amiodarone or dronedarone led to decrease of the amplitude of extrasystolic contractions of the papillary muscles. The amplitude of postextrasystolic contractions after short extrasystolic intervals on the background of the drugs was increased. Amiodarone and dronedarone led to increase of the amplitude of postrest contractions. Conclusions. Dronedarone reduces the excitability of cardiomyocyte sarcolemma to a greater extent than amiodarone. Amiodarone and dronedarone are able to increase postextrasystolic and postrest potentiation. The effect of amiodarone on postextrasystolic and postrest potentiation is more pronounced in comparison with dronedarone.
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16
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism improves diastolic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:124-133. [PMID: 29981797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing the cardiovascular complications of renal failure is a major therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) blockade is a highly effective strategy for the management of heart failure, but the use of MR antagonists (MRA) is limited by their side effects rendering them contraindicated in patients with renal failure. Finerenone is a new non-steroidal MRA that shows fewer hyperkaliaemic events than the traditional steroidal MRAs and could therefore represent an alternative to these molecules in patients with damaged kidney function. The aim of this study is to characterize the effects of Finerenone on the cardiac complications of renal failure in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was induced by subtotal nephrectomy (Nx), and finerenone was administered at a low dose (2.5 mg/kg/d) from week 4 to week 10 post-Nx. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics while cardiac fibrosis was measured by Sirius Red staining. Renal failure induced cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in the untreated CKD mice, as well as minor changes on cardiac structure. We also observed alterations in the phosphorylation of proteins playing key roles in the calcium handling (Phospholamban, Calmodulin kinase II) in these mice. Finerenone prevented most of these lesions with no effects on neither the renal dysfunction nor kaliemia. The benefits of finerenone suggest that activation of MR is involved in the cardiac complication of renal failure and strengthen previous studies showing beneficial effects of MRA in patients with CKD.
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17
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Curl CL, Danes VR, Bell JR, Raaijmakers AJA, Ip WTK, Chandramouli C, Harding TW, Porrello ER, Erickson JR, Charchar FJ, Kompa AR, Edgley AJ, Crossman DJ, Soeller C, Mellor KM, Kalman JM, Harrap SB, Delbridge LMD. Cardiomyocyte Functional Etiology in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Is Distinctive-A New Preclinical Model. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007451. [PMID: 29858360 PMCID: PMC6015350 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Among the growing numbers of patients with heart failure, up to one half have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The lack of effective treatments for HFpEF is a substantial and escalating unmet clinical need—and the lack of HFpEF‐specific animal models represents a major preclinical barrier in advancing understanding of HFpEF. As established treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have proven ineffective for HFpEF, the contention that the intrinsic cardiomyocyte phenotype is distinct in these 2 conditions requires consideration. Our goal was to validate and characterize a new rodent model of HFpEF, undertaking longitudinal investigations to delineate the associated cardiac and cardiomyocyte pathophysiology. Methods and Results The selectively inbred Hypertrophic Heart Rat (HHR) strain exhibits adult cardiac enlargement (without hypertension) and premature death (40% mortality at 50 weeks) compared to its control strain, the normal heart rat. Hypertrophy was characterized in vivo by maintained systolic parameters (ejection fraction at 85%–90% control) with marked diastolic dysfunction (increased E/E′). Surprisingly, HHR cardiomyocytes were hypercontractile, exhibiting high Ca2+ operational levels and markedly increased L‐type Ca2+ channel current. In HHR, prominent regions of reparative fibrosis in the left ventricle free wall adjacent to the interventricular septum were observed. Conclusions Thus, the cardiomyocyte remodeling process in the etiology of this HFpEF model contrasts dramatically with the suppressed Ca2+ cycling state that typifies heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. These findings may explain clinical observations, that treatments considered appropriate for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction are of little benefit for HFpEF—and suggest a basis for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vennetia R Danes
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Wendy T K Ip
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tristan W Harding
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Fadi J Charchar
- School of Applied & Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Andrew R Kompa
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Hotta K, Chen B, Behnke BJ, Ghosh P, Stabley JN, Bramy JA, Sepulveda JL, Delp MD, Muller-Delp JM. Exercise training reverses age-induced diastolic dysfunction and restores coronary microvascular function. J Physiol 2017; 595:3703-3719. [PMID: 28295341 PMCID: PMC5471361 DOI: 10.1113/jp274172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In a rat model of ageing that is free of atherosclerosis or hypertension, E/A, a diagnostic measure of diastolic filling, decreases, and isovolumic relaxation time increases, indicating that both active and passive ventricular relaxation are impaired with advancing age. Resting coronary blood flow and coronary functional hyperaemia are reduced with age, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation declines with age in coronary resistance arterioles. Exercise training reverses age-induced declines in diastolic and coronary microvascular function. Thus, microvascular dysfunction and inadequate coronary perfusion are likely mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in aged rats. Exercise training, initiated at an advanced age, reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction; these data suggest that late-life exercise training can be implemented to improve coronary perfusion and diastolic function in the elderly. ABSTRACT The risk for diastolic dysfunction increases with advancing age. Regular exercise training ameliorates age-related diastolic dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We investigated whether (1) microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of age-related diastolic dysfunction, and (2) initiation of late-life exercise training reverses age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction. Young and old rats underwent 10 weeks of exercise training or remained as sedentary, cage-controls. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), early diastolic filling (E/A), myocardial performance index (MPI) and aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity; PWV) were evaluated before and after exercise training or cage confinement. Coronary blood flow and vasodilatory responses of coronary arterioles were evaluated in all groups at the end of training. In aged sedentary rats, compared to young sedentary rats, a 42% increase in IVRT, a 64% decrease in E/A, and increased aortic stiffness (PWV: 6.36 ± 0.47 vs.4.89 ± 0.41, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05) was accompanied by impaired coronary blood flow at rest and during exercise. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats (maximal relaxation to bradykinin: 56.4 ± 5.1% vs. 75.3 ± 5.2%, OSED vs. YSED, P < 0.05). After exercise training, IVRT, a measure of active ventricular relaxation, did not differ between old and young rats. In old rats, exercise training reversed the reduction in E/A, reduced aortic stiffness, and eliminated impairment of coronary blood flow responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Thus, age-related diastolic and microvascular dysfunction are reversed by late-life exercise training. The restorative effect of exercise training on coronary microvascular function may result from improved endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology & Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Payal Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - John N Stabley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy A Bramy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jaime L Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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19
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Winterberg PD, Jiang R, Maxwell JT, Wang B, Wagner MB. Myocardial dysfunction occurs prior to changes in ventricular geometry in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/5/e12732. [PMID: 26997631 PMCID: PMC4823595 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic cardiomyopathy is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms contributing to this complex phenotype are incompletely understood. Myocardial deformation analyses (ventricular strain) of patients with mild CKD have recently been reported to predict adverse clinical outcome. We aimed to determine if early myocardial dysfunction in a mouse model of CKD could be detected using ventricular strain analyses. CKD was induced in 5-week-old male 129X1/SvJ mice through partial nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with age-matched mice undergoing bilateral sham surgeries serving as controls. Serial transthoracic echocardiography was performed over 16 weeks following induction of CKD. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were performed at 8 weeks. Gene expression and histology was performed on hearts at 8 and 16 weeks. CKD mice developed decreased longitudinal strain (-25 ± 4.2% vs. -29 ± 2.3%; P = 0.01) and diastolic dysfunction (E/A ratio 1.2 ± 0.15 vs. 1.9 ± 0.18; P < 0.001) compared to controls as early as 2 weeks following 5/6Nx. In contrast, ventricular hypertrophy was not apparent until 4 weeks. Hearts from CKD mice developed progressive fibrosis at 8 and 16 weeks with gene signatures suggestive of evolving heart failure with elevated expression of natriuretic peptides. Uremic cardiomyopathy in this model is characterized by early myocardial dysfunction which preceded observable changes in ventricular geometry. The model ultimately resulted in myocardial fibrosis and increased expression of natriuretic peptides suggestive of progressive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Winterberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rong Jiang
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Josh T Maxwell
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary B Wagner
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Deschodt-Arsac V, Arsac L, Magat J, Naulin J, Quesson B, Dos Santos P. Energy Deregulation Precedes Alteration in Heart Energy Balance in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Non Invasive In Vivo31P-MR Spectroscopy Follow-Up Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162677. [PMID: 27622548 PMCID: PMC5021382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gradual alterations in cardiac energy balance, as assessed by the myocardial PCr/ATP-ratio, are frequently associated with the development of cardiac disease. Despite great interest for the follow-up of myocardial PCr and ATP content, cardiac MR-spectroscopy in rat models in vivo is challenged by sensitivity issues and cross-contamination from other organs. Methods Here we combined MR-Imaging and MR-Spectroscopy (Bruker BioSpec 9.4T) to follow-up for the first time in vivo the cardiac energy balance in the SHR, a genetic rat model of cardiac hypertrophy known to develop early disturbances in cytosolic calcium dynamics. Results We obtained consistent 31P-spectra with high signal/noise ratio from the left ventricle in vivo by using a double-tuned (31P/1H) surface coil. Reasonable acquisition time (<3.2min) allowed assessing the PCr/ATP-ratio comparatively in SHR and age-matched control rats (WKY): i) weekly from 12 to 21 weeks of age; ii) in response to a bolus injection of the ß-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol at age 21 weeks. Discussion Along weeks, the cardiac PCr/ATP-ratio was highly reproducible, steady and similar (2.35±0.06) in SHR and WKY, in spite of detectable ventricular hypertrophy in SHR. At the age 21 weeks, PCr/ATP dropped more markedly (-17.1%±0.8% vs. -3,5%±1.4%, P<0.001) after isoproterenol injection in SHR and recovered slowly thereafter (time constant 21.2min vs. 6.6min, P<0.05) despite similar profiles of tachycardia among rats. Conclusion The exacerbated PCr/ATP drop under ß-adrenergic stimulation indicates a defect in cardiac energy regulation possibly due to calcium-mediated abnormalities in the SHR heart. Of note, defects in energy regulation were present before detectable abnormalities in cardiac energy balance at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Deschodt-Arsac
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurent Arsac
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Magat
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerome Naulin
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dos Santos
- L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Hôpital cardiologique Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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21
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Louridas GE, Lourida KG. Heart Failure in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Questions Concerning Clinical Progression. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3030027. [PMID: 29367571 PMCID: PMC5715675 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, important advances have been made in explaining some pathophysiological aspects of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with repercussions for the successful clinical management of the syndrome. Despite these gains, our knowledge for the natural history of clinical progression from the pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD) until the final clinical stages is significantly limited. The subclinical progression of PDD to the clinical phenotype of HFpEF and the further clinical progression to some more complex clinical models with multi-organ involvement, similar to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), continue to be poorly understood. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the natural history of clinical progression in patients with HFpEF and to identify the exact left ventricular remodeling mechanism that underlies this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Louridas
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital AHEPA, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Katerina G Lourida
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital AHEPA, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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22
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Osteogenic markers are reduced in bone-marrow mesenchymal cells and femoral bone of young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2016; 146:174-83. [PMID: 26796509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (W) has significant changes in bone metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether, the genetic predisposition, is sufficient to induce changes in the osteoblast differentiation and osteogenic markers in the BMSCs or in the femoral bone. For this we use young SHR rats without hypertension, but, with genetic predisposition in compared with young W. MAIN METHODS BMSCs were cultured in a proliferation medium (MEM) or osteogenic medium. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by proliferation, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of RUNX-2, β-cathenin, osterix, bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I (Col I), and osteopontin (OPN). KEY FINDINGS Osteoblast differentiation in SHR BMSCs (SHRC) had an increased proliferation compared with W BMSCs (WC). After osteogenic induction, there was greater reduction in proliferation in SHR (SHROM) than in W, in the same condition (WOM). On day 7, although no significant difference in the ALP activity was observed between SHROM and WOM, poor mineralization and osteoblast differentiation was noted in SHROM. The Osterix and β-catenin are involved in the reduced osteoblast differentiation in SHROM. The decreased expression of osteoblast-associated proteins such as OCN, BSP, COL I and OPN revealed poor quality of extracellular matrix (ECM) in SHROM. In the femoral bone, the immunostaining of COL1, BALP, OPN and OCN in SHR was decreased compared with the W. TRAP-positive immunoreactions were observed in major extension in the SHR femur. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to compare osteoblast differentiation in vitro and femoral bone from SHR and W rats. Our results demonstrated that young SHR (4weeks old), without hypertension, but with genetic predisposition, had alterations in osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs and in the femoral bone when compared with their progenitor strain, W.
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Contribution of serotonin to cardiac remodeling associated with hypertensive diastolic ventricular dysfunction in rats. J Hypertens 2015; 33:2310-21. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Risks and predictors of mild diastolic dysfunction among middle-aged and aged women: a population-based cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 30:335-40. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:213737. [PMID: 26273598 PMCID: PMC4529899 DOI: 10.1155/2015/213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, primarily as a result of the epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia and is currently regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, a highly atherogenic condition even at a very early age. Patients with NAFLD including pediatric subjects have a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis, as shown by impaired flow-mediated vasodilation, increased carotid artery intima-media thickness, and arterial stiffness, which are independent of obesity and other established risk factors. More recent work has identified NAFLD as a risk factor not only for premature coronary heart disease and cardiovascular events, but also for early subclinical abnormalities in myocardial structure and function. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that NAFLD is associated with evidence of subclinical cardiac structural and functional abnormalities.
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Heinzel FR, Hohendanner F, Jin G, Sedej S, Edelmann F. Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1233-42. [PMID: 26183480 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00374.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common myocardial structural abnormality associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVH is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical load, and cytokines associated with arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other comorbidities. Here we discuss the experimental and clinical evidence that links LVH to diastolic dysfunction and qualifies LVH as one diagnostic marker for HFpEF. Mechanisms leading to diastolic dysfunction in LVH are incompletely understood, but may include extracellular matrix changes, vascular dysfunction, as well as altered cardiomyocyte mechano-elastical properties. Beating cardiomyocytes from HFpEF patients have not yet been studied, but we and others have shown increased Ca(2+) turnover and impaired relaxation in cardiomyocytes from hypertrophied hearts. Structural myocardial remodeling can lead to heterogeneity in regional myocardial contractile function, which contributes to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF. In the clinical setting of patients with compound comorbidities, diastolic dysfunction may occur independently of LVH. This may be one explanation why current approaches to reduce LVH have not been effective to improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF. Exercise training, on the other hand, in clinical trials improved exercise tolerance and diastolic function, but did not reduce LVH. Thus current clinical evidence does not support regression of LVH as a surrogate marker for (short-term) improvement of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ge Jin
- Cardiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital & YuYing Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China; and Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Olmesartan attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac diastolic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats through inhibition of calcineurin pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:218-26. [PMID: 24603116 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether olmesartan ameliorates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) through calcineurin pathway. METHODS Twenty-four male SHRs of 6 months were divided into saline- (n = 12) and olmesartan-treated (n = 12) groups. Age-matched WKY (n = 12) rats served as controls. Saline (10 mL·kg·d) or the same volume of olmesartan liquor (2.5 mg·kg·d) was administered by gavage for 3 months. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac structure, and function and histological studies were determined. Expression of calcineurin and downstream NFAT3 were also detected. RESULTS Compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats, SHRs of 6 months exhibited evident cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction as demonstrated by elevated systolic blood pressure and E/E', decreased E/A and E'/A', while F, left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening remained unimpaired. Treatment with olmesartan significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and ventricular hypertrophy, attenuated fibrosis, and improved diastolic function (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, both calcineurin and NFAT3 expressions were downregulated in olmesartan group compared with the other 2 groups (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the beneficial effect of olmesartan on cardiac structure and diastolic dysfunction, and it may be mediated through calcineurin pathway. This indicates a new therapeutic target for diastolic dysfunction.
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Marangoni RA, Santos RA, Piccolo C. Deficient prolylcarboxypeptidase gene and protein expression in left ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Peptides 2014; 61:69-74. [PMID: 25218829 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), an endothelial cell membrane serine peptidase that inactivates angiotensin II and activates pre-kallikrein, is thought to have anti-hypertensive and anti-proliferative roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. We hypothesized that PRCP function may be altered in heart tissue under conditions that predispose to left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) in rats. We therefore used real-time PCR and western-blotting to examine the mRNA and protein expression of PRCP in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at pre-hypertensive (5-week-old) and hypertensive (16-week-old) stages compared with age-matched hypertensive (2 kidney-1 clip; 2K-1C) rats and normotensive Wistar rats. PRCP mRNA expression was significantly reduced in hearts of 5- and 16-week-old SHR compared with age-matched Wistar controls, 2K-1C hypertensive rats and sham-operated normotensive rats. There were no significant differences in the PRCP mRNA and protein expression levels in hearts from hypertensive renovascular and sham-operated normotensive rats. Prolonged treatment of SHR with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (40 mg/kg, gavage for 8 weeks) reduced the left ventricular weight/body weight ratio (LVW/BW), as well as the mRNA expression of collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and MMP9 in left ventricular tissue, without affecting PRCP gene and protein expression. Our results suggest that diminished PRCP gene and protein expression might be constitutionally involved in the SHR phenotype. In addition, since neither the development of arterial hypertension in the 2K-1C model nor its successful treatment in SHR altered PRCP gene and protein expression in heart tissue, it appears unlikely that PRCP function is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system or by afterload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Anderson Marangoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosangela Aparecida Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Piccolo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Locatelli J, de Assis LVM, Isoldi MC. Calcium handling proteins: structure, function, and modulation by exercise. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:207-25. [PMID: 23436107 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious public health issue with a growing prevalence, and it is related with the aging of the population. Hypertension is identified as the main precursor of left ventricular hypertrophy and therefore can lead to diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Scientific studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of the physical exercise by reducing the blood pressure and improving the functional status of the heart in hypertension. Several proteins are involved in the mobilization of calcium during the coupling excitation-contraction process in the heart among those are sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, phospholamban, calsequestrin, sodium-calcium exchanger, L-type calcium's channel, and ryanodine receptors. Our goal is to address the beneficial effects of exercise on the calcium handling proteins in a heart with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Locatelli
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Prêto, Brazil
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Bates A, Shen Q, Hiebert JB, Thimmesch A, Pierce JD. Myocardial energetics and ubiquinol in diastolic heart failure. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 16:428-33. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Bates
- Olathe Cardiology Services; Olathe Medical Center; Olathe Kansas USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
| | - John B. Hiebert
- Cardiovascular Specialists of Lawrence; Lawrence Memorial Hospital; Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Amanda Thimmesch
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
| | - Janet D. Pierce
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
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Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is frequently associated with multiple disorders complicating both the clinical management and the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This review focuses on the causes and pathophysiology of HFPEF and overviews how cellular and molecular changes related to various comorbidities may influence the age-dependent and gender-dependent hemodynamic alterations of diastolic ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Kovács
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. krt. 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. krt. 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - László Nagy
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. krt. 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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Williams S, Pourrier M, McAfee D, Lin S, Fedida D. Ranolazine improves diastolic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H867-81. [PMID: 24464752 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00704.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction can lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, for which there is no effective therapeutic. Ranolazine has been reported to reduce diastolic dysfunction, but the specific mechanisms of action are unclear. The effect of ranolazine on diastolic function was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), where left ventricular relaxation is impaired and stiffness increased. The objective of this study was to determine whether ranolazine improves diastolic function in SHRs and identify the mechanism(s) by which improvement is achieved. Specifically, to test the hypothesis that ranolazine, by inhibiting late sodium current, reduces Ca(2+) overload and promotes ventricular relaxation and reduction in diastolic stiffness, the effects of ranolazine or vehicle on heart function and the response to dobutamine challenge were evaluated in aged male SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats by echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis. The effects of ranolazine and the more specific sodium channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin were determined on the late sodium current, sarcomere length, and intracellular calcium in isolated cardiomyocytes. Ranolazine reduced the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship slope and improved diastolic function during dobutamine challenge in the SHR. Ranolazine and tetrodotoxin also enhanced cardiomyocyte relaxation and reduced myoplasmic free Ca(2+) during diastole at high-stimulus rates in the SHR. The density of the late sodium current was elevated in SHRs. In conclusion, ranolazine was effective in reducing diastolic dysfunction in the SHR. Its mechanism of action, at least in part, is consistent with inhibition of the increased late sodium current in the SHR leading to reduced Ca(2+) overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Whaley-Connell AT, Habibi J, Aroor A, Ma L, Hayden MR, Ferrario CM, Demarco VG, Sowers JR. Salt loading exacerbates diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in young female Ren2 rats. Metabolism 2013; 62:1761-71. [PMID: 24075738 PMCID: PMC3833978 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data would suggest pre-menopausal insulin resistant women are more prone to diastolic dysfunction than men, yet it is unclear why. We and others have reported that transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats overexpressing the murine renin transgene are insulin resistant due to oxidative stress in insulin sensitive tissues. As increased salt intake promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that excess dietary salt would promote diastolic dysfunction in transgenic females under conditions of excess tissue Ang II and circulating aldosterone levels. MATERIALS/METHODS For this purpose we evaluated cardiac function in young female Ren2 rats or age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates exposed to a high (4%) salt or normal rat chow intake for three weeks. RESULTS Compared to SD littermates, at 10weeks of age, female Ren2 rats fed normal chow showed elevations in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressures, LV and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and displayed reductions in LV initial filling rate accompanied by increases in 3-nitrotyrosine content as a marker of oxidant stress. Following 3weeks of a salt diet, female Ren2 rats exhibited no further changes in LV systolic pressure, insulin resistance, or markers of hypertrophy but exaggerated increases in type 1 collagen, 3-nitrotryosine content, and diastolic dysfunction. These findings occurred in parallel with ultrastructural findings of pericapillary fibrosis, increased LV remodeling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a diet high in salt in hypertensive female Ren2 rats promotes greater oxidative stress, maladaptive LV remodeling, fibrosis, and associated diastolic dysfunction without further changes in LV systolic pressure or hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Collagen/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/chemically induced
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Sodium, Dietary/pharmacology
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Wan SH, Vogel MW, Chen HH. Pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 63:407-16. [PMID: 24291270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD) has been broadly defined as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction without the diagnosis of congestive heart failure (HF) and with normal systolic function. PDD is an entity that remains poorly understood, yet has definite clinical significance. Although few original studies have focused on PDD, it has been shown that PDD is prevalent, and that there is a clear progression from PDD to symptomatic HF including dyspnea, edema, and fatigue. In diabetic patients and in patients with coronary artery disease or hypertension, it has been shown that patients with PDD have a significantly higher risk of progression to heart failure and death compared with patients without PDD. Because of these findings and the increasing prevalence of the heart failure epidemic, it is clear that an understanding of PDD is essential to decreasing patients' morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on what is known concerning pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction, including definitions, staging, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the natural history of the disease. In addition, given the paucity of trials focused on PDD treatment, studies targeting risk factors associated with the development of PDD and therapeutic trials for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Hin Wan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark W Vogel
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Horng H Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Bertagnolli M, Huyard F, Cloutier A, Anstey Z, Huot-Marchand JÉ, Fallaha C, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL, Deblois D, Nuyt AM. Transient neonatal high oxygen exposure leads to early adult cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 2013; 63:143-50. [PMID: 24166752 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal conditions (such as preterm birth) can affect adult health and disease, particularly the cardiovascular system. Transient neonatal high O(2) exposure in rat in adulthood (a model of preterm birth-related complications) leads to elevated blood pressure, vascular rigidity, and dysfunction with renin-angiotensin system activation. We postulate that neonatal hyperoxic stress also affects myocardial structure, function, and expression of renin-angiotensin system components. Sprague-Dawley pups were kept with their mother in 80% O(2) or in room air (control) from days 3 to 10 of life. Left ventricular function was assessed in 4-, 7-, 12-week-old (echocardiography) and in 16-week-old (intraventricular catheterization) male O(2)-exposed versus control rats. At 16 weeks, hearts from O(2)-exposed rats showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, enhanced fibrosis, and increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1, senescence-associated proteins p53 and Rb, upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression (protein and AT1a/b mRNA), and downregulation of AT2 receptors. At 4 weeks (before blood pressure increase), the expression of cardiomyocyte surface area, fibrosis, p53, and AT1b was significantly increased and AT2 decreased in O(2)-exposed animals. After 4 weeks of continuous angiotensin II infusion (starting at 12 weeks), O(2)-exposed rats developed severe heart failure, with impaired myocardial mechanical properties compared with saline-infused rats. Transient neonatal O(2) exposure in rats leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to heart failure under pressure overload. These results are relevant to the growing population of individuals born preterm who may be at higher risk of cardiac dysfunction when faced with increased peripheral resistance associated with hypertension, vascular diseases, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Bertagnolli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Oe Y, Shimbo D, Ishikawa J, Okajima K, Hasegawa T, Diaz KM, Muntner P, Homma S, Schwartz JE. Alterations in diastolic function in masked hypertension: findings from the masked hypertension study. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:808-15. [PMID: 23446956 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a prior study of patients with diabetes, diastolic function was similarly impaired in masked hypertension (MHT) and sustained hypertension (SHT). We evaluated whether MHT is associated with impaired diastolic function compared with SHT and sustained normotension (NT) in the general population. METHODS From February 2005 to December 2010, 798 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease or treated hypertension, were enrolled in the Masked Hypertension Study. Participants underwent clinic blood pressure (CBP) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurements. A 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiogram was performed to evaluate diastolic function,s cardiac structure, volume, and systolic function. The 9 CBPs obtained across 3 clinic visits and awake ABP measurements were averaged. Clinic hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Ambulatory hypertension was defined as awake SBP/DBP ≥ 135/85mm Hg. MHT was defined as having ambulatory but not clinic hypertension. White-coat hypertensives (n = 8) were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS Of the 790 participants, 116 (14.7%) participants had MHT, 37 (4.7%) participants had SHT, and 637 (80.6%) participants had NT. After age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index adjustment, compared with NT, E'-velocities were significantly lower in MHT (P < 0.01) and SHT (P < 0.05), and E/E' ratios were significantly higher MHT (P < 0.05) and SHT (P < 0.05). These associations were independent of left ventricular mass. Diastolic function parameters did not significantly differ between MHT and SHT. CONCLUSIONS Diastolic function was impaired in MHT compared with NT independent of changes in left ventricular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Oe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Kagota S, Maruyama K, Tada Y, Wakuda H, Nakamura K, Kunitomo M, Shinozuka K. Abnormal amounts of intracellular calcium regulatory proteins in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome and cardiac dysfunction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:124-33. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is known to increase the risk of abnormal cardiac structure and function, which are considered to contribute to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We previously demonstrated that ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction occur in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP fatty) rats with metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying abnormal heart function in SHRSP fatty rats. The amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 2a, phospholamban (PLB) protein, and Ser16-phosphorylated PLB was decreased in cardiomyocytes from SHRSP fatty rats compared with those from control Wistar–Kyoto rats at 18 weeks of age, and the PLB-to-SERCA2a ratio was increased. Left ventricular developed pressure was unchanged, and coronary flow rate and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (−dP/dt) was decreased in SHRSP fatty rats. Treatment with telmisartan reversed the abnormalities of PLB amount, coronary flow rate, and −dP/dt in SHRSP fatty rats. These results indicate that abnormal amounts of intracellular Ca2+ regulatory proteins in cardiomyocytes, leading to reduced intracellular Ca2+ reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, may play a role in the diastolic dysfunction in SHRSP fatty rats and that these effects are partially related to decreased coronary circulation. Telmisartan may be beneficial in protecting against disturbances in cardiac function associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kana Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Yukari Tada
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Wakuda
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology I2, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Masaru Kunitomo
- Department of Pharmacology I2, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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