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Ávila-Martínez DV, Mixtega-Ruiz WK, Hurtado-Capetillo JM, Lopez-Franco O, Flores-Muñoz M. Counter-regulatory RAS peptides: new therapy targets for inflammation and fibrotic diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377113. [PMID: 38666016 PMCID: PMC11044688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, where not only they counteract the actions of the classical axis, but also exhibit independent anti-inflammatory and fibrotic actions when binding to specific receptors, mainly in heart, kidney, and lung. Other functional peptides are also addressed, which despite no reports associated with inflammation and fibrosis to date were found, they could represent a potential target of study. Furthermore, the association of agonists of the counter-regulatory axis is analyzed, highlighting their contribution to the modulation of the inflammatory response counteracting the development of fibrotic events. This article shows an overview of the importance of the RAS in the resolution of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, offering an understanding of the individual components as potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Ávila-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Wendy K Mixtega-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Lopez-Franco
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mónica Flores-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Young ON, Bourke JE, Widdop RE. Catch your breath: The protective role of the angiotensin AT 2 receptor for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115839. [PMID: 37778444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease whereby excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) ultimately leads to respiratory failure. While there have been advances in pharmacotherapies for pulmonary fibrosis, IPF remains an incurable and irreversible disease. There remains an unmet clinical need for treatments that reverse fibrosis, or at the very least have a more tolerable side effect profile than currently available treatments. Transforming growth factor β1(TGFβ1) is considered the main driver of fibrosis in IPF. However, as our understanding of the role of the pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (PRAS) in the pathogenesis of IPF increases, it is becoming clear that targeting angiotensin receptors represents a potential novel treatment strategy for IPF - in particular, via activation of the anti-fibrotic angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R). This review describes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF and the mediators implicated in its pathogenesis; focusing on TGFβ1, angiotensin II and related peptides in the PRAS and their contribution to fibrotic processes in the lung. Preclinical and clinical assessment of currently available AT2R agonists and the development of novel, highly selective ligands for this receptor will also be described, with a focus on compound 21, currently in clinical trials for IPF. Collectively, this review provides evidence of the potential of AT2R as a novel therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Chiba Y, Ito M, Ando Y, Ueda C, Yamashita M, Suto W, Ishizaka S, Torizuka A, Watanabe C, Takenoya F, Hanazaki M, Sakai H. Altered renin-angiotensin system gene expression in airways of antigen-challenged mice: ACE2 downregulation and unexpected increase in angiotensin 1-7. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 316:104137. [PMID: 37595771 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggest that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is activated in people with asthma, although its pathophysiological role is unclear. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the major enzyme that converts angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7), and is also known as a receptor of SARS-CoV-2. The current study was conducted to identify the change in RAS-related gene expression in airways of a murine asthma model. METHODS The ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized mice were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized OA to induce asthmatic reaction. Twenty-four hours after the last antigen challenge, the main bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) tissues were isolated. RESULTS The KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in our published microarray data revealed a significant change in the RAS pathway in the antigen-challenged mice. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed significant increases in the angiotensin II-generating enzymes (Klk1, Klk1b3 and Klk1b8) and a significant decrease in Ace2. Surprisingly, ELISA analyses revealed a significant increase in Ang-1-7 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of the antigen-challenged animals, while no significant change in angiotensin II was observed. Application of Ang-1-7 to the isolated BSMs had no effect on their isometrical tension. CONCLUSION The expression of Ace2 was downregulated in the BSMs of OA-challenged mice, while Klk1, Klk1b3 and Klk1b8 were upregulated. Despite the downregulation of ACE2, the level of its enzymatic product, Ang-1-7, was increased in the inflamed airways, suggesting the existence of an unknown ACE2-independent pathway for Ang-1-7 production. The functional role of Ang-1-7 in the airways remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mana Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ando
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Ishizaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ai Torizuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Hanazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Mahalanobish S, Saha S, Dutta S, Ghosh S, Sil PC. Melatonin counteracts necroptosis and pulmonary edema in cadmium-induced chronic lung injury through the inhibition of angiotensin II. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23163. [PMID: 35844137 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator in pulmonary physiology. In our study, we identified the efficacy of melatonin to control the RAS in cadmium (Cd) induced chronic lung injury in a mouse model. Swiss albino mice exposed to CdCl2 intraperitoneally (I.P.) (1 mg/kg b.w.; 12 weeks) showed increased release of lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, generating reactive oxygen species, impaired antioxidant enzymes function, and disrupted alveolar structure along with increased expression of Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in lung tissue. Cd-induced angiotensin-converting enzyme-2-Ang-II axis imbalance triggered the onset of Ang-II induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mediated necroptosis by upregulating the signalling molecules RIP-1, RIP-3, and p-mixed lineage kinase domain-like. In an in vitro study, colocalization of Ang-II-RIP-3 molecule in Cd intoxicated L-132 cells (human alveolar epithelial cell line), as well as pretreatment of Cd exposed cells with the inhibitor's captopril (10 μM), necrostatin-1 (50 μM), and etanercept (5 μg/ml) indicated TNF-α induced necroptotic cell death via activation of the key molecule, Ang-II. Moreover, Ang-II disrupted the alveolar-capillary barrier by decreasing tight junctional proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) and endothelial VE-cadherin expression. The use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a model of junctional protein-expressing cells showed that captopril pretreatment (25 μM) restored VE-cadherin expression in Cd-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In CdCl2 intoxicated mice, melatonin pretreatment (10 mg/kg b.w.; 12 weeks, I.P.) inhibited inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) release and effectively suppressed (Cd-induced) Ang-II mediated necroptotic cell death and alveolar-capillary breaching due to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Zaidan I, Tavares LP, Sugimoto MA, Lima KM, Negreiros-Lima GL, Teixeira LC, Miranda TC, Valiate BV, Cramer A, Vago JP, Campolina-Silva GH, Souza JA, Grossi LC, Pinho V, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS, Teixeira MM, Galvão I, Sousa LP. Angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis promotes migration of monocytes/macrophages with a regulatory phenotype to perform phagocytosis and efferocytosis. JCI Insight 2021; 7:147819. [PMID: 34874920 PMCID: PMC8765051 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonphlogistic migration of macrophages contributes to the clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells, a critical step for the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system that acts through Mas receptor (MasR). Ang-(1-7) has recently emerged as a novel proresolving mediator, yet Ang-(1-7) resolution mechanisms are not fully determined. Herein, Ang-(1-7) stimulated migration of human and murine monocytes/macrophages in a MasR-, CCR2-, and MEK/ERK1/2–dependent manner. Pleural injection of Ang-(1-7) promoted nonphlogistic mononuclear cell influx alongside increased levels of CCL2, IL-10, and macrophage polarization toward a regulatory phenotype. Ang-(1-7) induction of CCL2 and mononuclear cell migration was also dependent on MasR and MEK/ERK. Of note, MasR was upregulated during the resolution phase of inflammation, and its pharmacological inhibition or genetic deficiency impaired mononuclear cell recruitment during self-resolving models of LPS pleurisy and E. coli peritonitis. Inhibition/absence of MasR was associated with reduced CCL2 levels, impaired phagocytosis of bacteria, efferocytosis, and delayed resolution of inflammation. In summary, we have uncovered a potentially novel proresolving feature of Ang-(1-7), namely the recruitment of mononuclear cells favoring efferocytosis, phagocytosis, and resolution of inflammation. Mechanistically, cell migration was dependent on MasR, CCR2, and the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zaidan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia M Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Graziele L Negreiros-Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lívia Cr Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais C Miranda
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vs Valiate
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allysson Cramer
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Am Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís C Grossi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Robson A S Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Departamento Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis from the School of Pharma, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Gupta D, Kumar A, Mandloi A, Shenoy V. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system in pulmonary fibrosis: Pathogenesis to therapeutic possibilities. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105924. [PMID: 34607005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease with multifactorial etiology characterized by alveolar injury, fibroblast proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which progressively results in respiratory failure and death. Accumulating evidence from experimental and clinical studies supports a central role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key vasoactive peptide of the RAAS mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects on the lungs, adversely affecting organ function. Recent years have witnessed seminal discoveries in the field of RAAS. Identification of new enzymes, peptides and receptors has led to the development of several novel concepts. Of particular interest is the establishment of a protective axis of the RAAS comprising of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], and the Mas receptor (the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis), and the discovery of a functional role for the Angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor. Herein, we will review our current understanding of the role of RAAS in lung fibrogenesis, provide evidence on the anti-fibrotic actions of the newly recognized RAAS components (the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis and AT2 receptor), discuss potential strategies and translational efforts to convert this new knowledge into effective therapeutics for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Gupta
- Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Avinash Mandloi
- College of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, USA.
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Angiotensin-(1-7) Peptide Hormone Reduces Inflammation and Pathogen Burden during Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101614. [PMID: 34683907 PMCID: PMC8539524 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone, angiotensin (Ang-(1–7)), produces anti-inflammatory and protective effects by inhibiting production and expression of many cytokines and adhesion molecules that are associated with a cytokine storm. While Ang-(1–7) has been shown to reduce inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in models of asthma, little is known about the effects of Ang-(1–7) during live respiratory infections. Our studies were developed to test if Ang-(1–7) is protective in the lung against overzealous immune responses during an infection with Mycoplasma pneumonia (Mp), a common respiratory pathogen known to provoke exacerbations in asthma and COPD patients. Wild type mice were treated with infectious Mp and a subset of was given either Ang-(1–7) or peptide-free vehicle via oropharyngeal delivery within 2 h of infection. Markers of inflammation in the lung were assessed within 24 h for each set of animals. During Mycoplasma infection, one high dose of Ang-(1–7) delivered to the lungs reduced neutrophilia and Muc5ac, as well as Tnf-α and chemokines (Cxcl1) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite decreased inflammation, Ang-(1-7)-treated mice also had significantly lower Mp burden in their lung tissue, indicating decreased airway colonization. Ang-(1–7) also had an impact on RAW 264.7 cells, a commonly used macrophage cell line, by dose-dependently inhibiting TNF-α production while promoting Mp killing. These new findings provide additional support to the protective role(s) of Ang1-7 in controlling inflammation, which we found to be highly protective against live Mp-induced lung inflammation.
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Gregório JF, Magalhães GS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Gonzaga KER, Motta-Santos D, Cassini-Vieira P, Barcelos LS, Vieira MAR, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor modulates anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 282:119792. [PMID: 34229006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training increases circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], which was shown to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in different diseases. Here, we evaluated whether Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor is involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic training in a chronic model of asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were subjected to a protocol of asthma induced by ovalbumin sensitization (OVA; 4 i.p. injections) and OVA challenge (3 times/week for 4 weeks). Simultaneously to the challenge period, part of the animals was continuously treated with Mas receptor antagonist (A779, 1 μg/h; for 28 days) and trained in a treadmill (TRE; 60% of the maximal capacity, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 4 weeks). PGC1-α mRNA expression (qRT-PCR), plasma IgE and lung cytokines (ELISA), inflammatory cells infiltration (enzymatic activity assay) and airway remodeling (by histology) were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Blocking the Mas receptor with A779 increased IgE and IL-13 levels and prevented the reduction in extracellular matrix deposition in airways in OVA-TRE mice. Mas receptor blockade prevented the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, as well as, prevented exercise-induced IL-10 increase. These data show that activation of Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of aerobic training in an experimental model of chronic asthma. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support exercise training as a non-pharmacological tool to defeat lung remodeling induced by chronic pulmonary inflammation. Further, our result also supports development of new therapy based on Ang-(1-7) or Mas agonists as important tool for asthma treatment in those patients that cannot perform aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kézia Emanoeli Ramos Gonzaga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Sports Department, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Alabsi W, Acosta MF, Al-Obeidi FA, Hay M, Polt R, Mansour HM. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, In Vitro 2D/3D Human Cell Culture, and In Vitro Aerosol Dispersion Performance of Advanced Spray Dried and Co-Spray Dried Angiotensin (1-7) Peptide and PNA5 with Trehalose as Microparticles/Nanoparticles for Targeted Respiratory Delivery as Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1278. [PMID: 34452239 PMCID: PMC8398878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone Angiotensin (1-7), Ang (1-7) or (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro), is an essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) peripherally and is an agonist of the Mas receptor centrally. Activation of this receptor in the CNS stimulates various biological activities that make the Ang (1-7)/MAS axis a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases. The related O-linked glycopeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Ser-(O-β-D-Glc)-amide (PNA5), is a biousian revision of the native peptide hormone Ang (1-7) and shows enhanced stability in vivo and greater levels of brain penetration. We have synthesized the native Ang (1-7) peptide and the glycopeptide, PNA5, and have formulated them for targeted respiratory delivery as inhalable dry powders. Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) successfully produced Ang (1-7) and PNA5. Measurements of solubility and lipophilicity of raw Ang (1-7) and raw PNA5 using experimental and computational approaches confirmed that both the peptide and glycopeptide have high-water solubility and are amphipathic. Advanced organic solution spray drying was used to engineer the particles and produce spray-dried powders (SD) of both the peptide and the glycopeptide, as well as co-spray-dried powders (co-SD) with the non-reducing sugar and pharmaceutical excipient, trehalose. The native peptide, glycopeptide, SD, and co-SD powders were comprehensively characterized, and exhibited distinct glass transitions (Tg) consistent with the amorphous glassy state formation with Tgs that are compatible with use in vivo. The homogeneous particles displayed small sizes in the nanometer size range and low residual water content in the solid-state. Excellent aerosol dispersion performance with a human DPI device was demonstrated. In vitro human cell viability assays showed that Ang (1-7) and PNA5 are biocompatible and safe for different human respiratory and brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Alabsi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Maria F. Acosta
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Obeidi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
| | - Meredith Hay
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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10
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Gregório JF, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Santos RAS, Carvalho Ribeiro IA, Nunes OM, Aguiar Oliveira IF, Vasconcelos AV, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Magalhães GS. ASTHMA: ROLE OF THE ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7)/MAS PATHWAY IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4428-4439. [PMID: 34235725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is a global health problem, requiring studies aimed at developing new treatments to improve clinical management, thereby reducing personal and economic burdens on the health system. Therefore, the discovery of mediators that promote anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive events are highly desirable to improve lung function and quality of life in asthmatic patients. In that regard, experimental studies have shown that the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a potential candidate for the treatment of asthma. Therefore, we reviewed findings related to the function of the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas pathway in regulating the processes associated with inflammation and exacerbations in asthma, including leukocyte influx, fibrogenesis, pulmonary dysfunction and resolution of inflammation. Thus, knowledge of the role of the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas can help pave the way for the development of new treatments for this disease with high morbidity and mortality through new experimental and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Olivia Mendonça Nunes
- Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Victoria Vasconcelos
- Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-Nanobiopharmaceutical, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais.,Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Issa H, Eid AH, Berry B, Takhviji V, Khosravi A, Mantash S, Nehme R, Hallal R, Karaki H, Dhayni K, Faour WH, Kobeissy F, Nehme A, Zibara K. Combination of Angiotensin (1-7) Agonists and Convalescent Plasma as a New Strategy to Overcome Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Inhibition for the Treatment of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:620990. [PMID: 33816521 PMCID: PMC8012486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.620990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most concerning health problem worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is believed that the differential response to SARS-CoV-2 is correlated with the differential expression of ACE2. Several reports proposed the use of ACE2 pharmacological inhibitors and ACE2 antibodies to block viral entry. However, ACE2 inhibition is associated with lung and cardiovascular pathology and would probably increase the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, utilizing ACE2 soluble analogs to block viral entry while rescuing ACE2 activity has been proposed. Despite their protective effects, such analogs can form a circulating reservoir of the virus, thus accelerating its spread in the body. Levels of ACE2 are reduced following viral infection, possibly due to increased viral entry and lysis of ACE2 positive cells. Downregulation of ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis is associated with Ang II upregulation. Of note, while Ang (1-7) exerts protective effects on the lung and cardiovasculature, Ang II elicits pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic detrimental effects by binding to the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R). Indeed, AT1R blockers (ARBs) can alleviate the harmful effects associated with Ang II upregulation while increasing ACE2 expression and thus the risk of viral infection. Therefore, Ang (1-7) agonists seem to be a better treatment option. Another approach is the transfusion of convalescent plasma from recovered patients with deteriorated symptoms. Indeed, this appears to be promising due to the neutralizing capacity of anti-COVID-19 antibodies. In light of these considerations, we encourage the adoption of Ang (1-7) agonists and convalescent plasma conjugated therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This therapeutic regimen is expected to be a safer choice since it possesses the proven ability to neutralize the virus while ensuring lung and cardiovascular protection through modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Issa
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Public Health, Phoenicia University, Zahrani, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bassam Berry
- Institut Pasteur, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Vahideh Takhviji
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mantash
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Nehme
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Hallal
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Karaki
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kawthar Dhayni
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- EA7517, MP3CV, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Nehme
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Magalhães GS, Gregório JF, Cançado Ribeiro ATP, Baroni IF, Vasconcellos AVDO, Nakashima GP, Oliveira IFA, de Matos NA, Castro TDF, Bezerra FS, Sinisterra RD, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Oral Formulation of Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Therapeutic Actions in a Model of Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:557962. [PMID: 33762930 PMCID: PMC7982577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.557962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lungs of asthmatic patients is associated with the severity of the disease and resistance to corticosteroids. Thus, defective resolution of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation is importantly related to exacerbation of asthma. In this study, we investigated a therapeutic action of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) in a model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Balb-c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Twenty-three hours after the last OVA challenge, experimental groups received LPS, and 1 h and 7 h later, mice were treated with oral formulation of Ang-(1-7). On the next day, 45 h after the last challenge with OVA, mice were subjected to a test of motor and exploratory behavior; 3 h later, lung function was evaluated, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected. Motor and exploratory activities were lower in OVA + LPS-challenged mice. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) improved these behaviors, normalized lung function, and reduced eosinophil, neutrophil, myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2) in the lungs. In addition, Ang-(1-7) decreased the deposition of mucus and extracellular matrix in the airways. These results extended those of previous studies by demonstrating that oral administration of Ang-(1-7) at the peak of pulmonary inflammation can be valuable for the treatment of neutrophil- and eosinophil-mediated asthma. Therefore, these findings potentially provide a new drug to reverse the natural history of the disease, unlike the current standards of care that manage the disease symptoms at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Felippe Baroni
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Natália Alves de Matos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Sinisterra
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Hong L, Wang Q, Chen M, Shi J, Guo Y, Liu S, Pan R, Yuan X, Jiang S. Mas receptor activation attenuates allergic airway inflammation via inhibiting JNK/CCL2-induced macrophage recruitment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111365. [PMID: 33588264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective absorption of acute allergic airway inflammation is involved in the initiation and development of chronic asthma. After allergen exposure, there is a rapid recruitment of macrophages around the airways, which promote acute inflammatory responses. The Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis reportedly plays protective roles in various tissue inflammation and remodeling processes in vivo. However, the exact role of Mas receptor and their underlying mechanisms during the pathology of acute allergic airway inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of Mas receptor in acute allergic asthma and explored its underlying mechanisms in vitro, aiming to find critical molecules and signal pathways. METHODS Mas receptor expression was assessed in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced acute asthmatic murine model. Then we estimated the anti-inflammatory role of Mas receptor in vivo and explored expressions of several known inflammatory cytokines as well as phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathways. Mas receptor functions and underlying mechanisms were studied further in the human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). RESULTS Mas receptor expression decreased in acute allergic airway inflammation. Multiplex immunofluorescence co-localized Mas receptor and EpCAM, indicated that Mas receptor may function in the bronchial epithelium. Activating Mas receptor through AVE0991 significantly alleviated macrophage infiltration in airway inflammation, accompanied with down-regulation of CCL2 and phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathways. Further studies in 16HBE showed that AVE0991 pre-treatment inhibited LPS-induced or anisomycin-induced CCL2 increase and THP-1 macrophages migration via JNK pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that Mas receptor activation significantly attenuated CCL2 dependent macrophage recruitments in acute allergic airway inflammation through JNK pathways, which indicated that Mas receptor, CCL2 and phospho-JNK could be potential targets against allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianting Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijian Pan
- Departments of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Sriram K, Insel PA. A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID-19: The centrality of ACE1/ACE2 imbalance. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4825-4844. [PMID: 32333398 PMCID: PMC7572451 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1- and ACE2-derived peptides, thereby enhancing angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling is primary driver of COVID-19 pathobiology. ACE1/ACE2 imbalance occurs due to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, reducing ACE2-mediated conversion of Ang II to Ang peptides that counteract pathophysiological effects of ACE1-generated ANG II. This hypothesis suggests several approaches to treat COVID-19 by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance: (a) AT receptor antagonists; (b) ACE1 inhibitors (ACEIs); (iii) agonists of receptors activated by ACE2-derived peptides (e.g. Ang (1-7), which activates MAS1); (d) recombinant human ACE2 or ACE2 peptides as decoys for the virus. Reducing ACE1/ACE2 imbalance is predicted to blunt COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable patients. Importantly, approved AT antagonists and ACEIs can be rapidly repurposed to test their efficacy in treating COVID-19. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID-19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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15
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Zhang J, Wang M, Ding W, Wan J. The interaction of RAAS inhibitors with COVID-19: Current progress, perspective and future. Life Sci 2020; 257:118142. [PMID: 32712300 PMCID: PMC7377983 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently defined as the worst pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells via the binding of its S protein to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). The use of ACEIs/ARBs (RAAS inhibitors) regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and may increase ACE2 expression. Considering the large use of ACEIs/ARBs in hypertensive patients, some professional groups are concerned about whether the use of RAAS inhibitors affects the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or the risk of severe illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies to investigate whether the use of ACEIs/ARBs increases ACE2 expression in animals or patients. We also analyzed whether the use of these drugs affects the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe illness or mortality based on recent studies. Finally, the review suggests that current evidence does not support the concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Magalhaes GS, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Motta-Santos D, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS. Activation of Ang-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Is a Possible Strategy to Treat Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection. Front Physiol 2020; 11:730. [PMID: 32636762 PMCID: PMC7318839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Santos Magalhaes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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17
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Magalhães GS, Gregório JF, Ramos KE, Cançado-Ribeiro ATP, Baroni IF, Barcelos LS, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Treatment with inhaled formulation of angiotensin-(1-7) reverses inflammation and pulmonary remodeling in a model of chronic asthma. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151957. [PMID: 32517880 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by inflammation, pulmonary remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We have previously shown that treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] promotes resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and prevents chronic allergic lung inflammation. Here, we evaluated the effect of treatment with the inclusion compound of Ang-(1-7) in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) given by inhalation on pulmonary remodeling in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic allergic lung inflammation. Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA; 4 injections over 42 days, 14 days apart) and were challenged 3 times per week, for 4 weeks (days 21-46). After the 2nd week of challenge, mice were treated with Ang-(1-7) by inhalation (4.5 μg of Ang-(1-7) included in 6.9 μg of HPβCD for 14 days, i.e. days 35-48). Mice were killed 72 h after the last challenge and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected. Histology and morphometric analysis were performed in the lung. Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-12 expression and activity, IL-5, CCL11 in the lung and plasma IgE were measured. After 2 weeks of OVA challenge there was an increase in plasma IgE and in inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung of asthmatic mice. Treatment with inhaled administration of Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD for 14 days reduced eosinophils, IL5, CCL11 in the lung and plasma IgE. Treatment of asthmatic mice with Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD by inhalation reversed pulmonary remodeling by reducing collagen deposition and MMP-9 and MMP-12 expression and activity. These results show for the first time that treatment by inhalation with Ang-(1-7) can reverse an installed asthma, inhibiting pulmonary inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kezia Emanoeli Ramos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Felippe Baroni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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18
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Oral formulation angiotensin-(1-7) therapy attenuates pulmonary and systemic damage in mice with emphysema induced by elastase. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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El-Hashim AZ, Khajah MA, Babyson RS, Renno WM, Ezeamuzie CI, Benter IF, Akhtar S. Ang-(1-7)/ MAS1 receptor axis inhibits allergic airway inflammation via blockade of Src-mediated EGFR transactivation in a murine model of asthma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224163. [PMID: 31675376 PMCID: PMC6824568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)]/MAS1 receptor signaling axis is a key endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms by which its mediates the anti-inflammatory effects are not completely understood. Using an allergic murine model of asthma, we investigated whether Ang-1(1–7)/MAS1 receptor axis a): inhibits allergic inflammation via modulation of Src-dependent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling effectors such as ERK1/2, and b): directly inhibits neutrophil and/or eosinophil chemotaxis ex vivo. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation resulted in increased phosphorylation of Src kinase, EGFR, and ERK1/2. In addition, OVA challenge increased airway cellular influx, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, fibrosis, goblet cell hyper/metaplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Treatment with Ang-(1–7) inhibited phosphorylation of Src kinase, EGFR, ERK1/2, the cellular and histopathological changes and AHR. Ang-(1–7) treatment also inhibited neutrophil and eosinophil chemotaxis ex vivo. These changes were reversed following pre-treatment with A779. These data show that the anti-inflammatory actions of Ang-(1–7)/ MAS1 receptor axis are mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR and downstream signaling molecules such as ERK1/2. This study therefore shows that inhibition of the Src/EGRF/ERK1/2 dependent signaling pathway is one of the mechanisms by which the Ang-(1–7)/ MAS1 receptor axis mediates it anti-inflammatory effects in diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maitham A Khajah
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rhema S Babyson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waleed M Renno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Charles I Ezeamuzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
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20
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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21
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Santos RAS. Genetic Models. ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7) 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetically altered rat and mouse models have been instrumental in the functional analysis of genes in a physiological context. In particular, studies on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have profited from this technology in the past. In this review, we summarize the existing animal models for the protective axis of the RAS consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7), and its receptor Mas. With the help of models with altered expression of the components of this axis in the brain and cardiovascular organs, its physiological and pathophysiological functions have been elucidated. Thus, novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases were revealed targeting ACE2 or Mas.
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Abstract
In the present chapter, we review and summarize current advances on the role of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in the pathophysiology of main lung diseases: pulmonary hypertension (PH), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Understanding the involvement of renin angiotensin system (RAS) in pulmonary inflammation may open new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Studies to date showed that Ang-(1-7) presents anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic activities and reduces pulmonary remodeling. These actions support the development of new pharmacological therapies based on the increase in Ang-(1-7) in the lungs to improve the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Magalhaes GS, Barroso LC, Reis AC, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Gregório JF, Motta-Santos D, Oliveira AC, Perez DA, Barcelos LS, Teixeira MM, Santos RAS, Pinho V, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Resolution of Eosinophilic Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 29434591 PMCID: PMC5797293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective apoptosis of eosinophils, the main leukocyte in the pathogenesis of asthma, and delay in its removal lead to lung damage and loss of pulmonary function due to failure in the resolution of inflammation. Here, we investigated the ability of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a pivotal peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, to promote resolution of an allergic lung inflammatory response. Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of the inflammatory process. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs were collected 24 h after treatment. Different lung lobes were processed for histology to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, airway and pulmonary remodeling, total collagen staining, and measurements of (i) collagen I and III mRNA expression by qRT-PCR; (ii) ERK1/2, IκB-α, and GATA3 protein levels by Western blotting; and (iii) eosinophilic peroxidase activity. Total number of inflammatory cells, proportion of apoptotic eosinophils and immunofluorescence for caspase 3 and NF-κB in leukocytes were evaluated in the BAL. Mas receptor immunostaining was evaluated in mouse and human eosinophils. Engulfment of human polimorphonuclear cells by macrophages, efferocytosis, was evaluated in vivo. Ang-(1-7) reduced eosinophils in the lung and in the BAL, increased the number of apoptotic eosinophils, shown by histology criteria and by increase in caspase 3 immunostaining. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) decreased NF-kB immunostaining in eosinophils, reduced GATA3, ERK1/2, and IκB-α expression in the lung and decreased pulmonary remodeling and collagen deposition. Importantly, Ang-(1-7) increased efferocytosis. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, Ang-(1-7) activates events that are crucial for resolution of the inflammatory process of asthma and promotion of the return of lung homeostasis, indicating Ang-(1-7) as novel endogenous inflammation-resolving mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle S Magalhaes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Barroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alesandra C Reis
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria G Rodrigues-Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline C Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise A Perez
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola S Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Targeting the renin-angiotensin system as novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 40:9-17. [PMID: 29288933 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure. RAS has also been implicated in the regulation of inflammation, proliferation and fibrosis in pulmonary diseases such as asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current therapeutics suffer from some drawbacks like steroid resistance, limited efficacies and side effects. Novel intervention is definitely needed to offer optimal therapeutic strategy and clinical outcome. This review compiles and analyses recent investigations targeting RAS for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. Inhibition of the upstream angiotensin (Ang) I/Ang II/angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) pathway and activation of the downstream angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor pathway are two feasible strategies demonstrating efficacies in various pulmonary disease models. More recent studies favor the development of targeting the downstream ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor pathway, in which diminazene aceturate, an ACE2 activator, GSK2586881, a recombinant ACE2, and AV0991, a Mas receptor agonist, showed much potential for further development. As the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases is so complex that RAS modulation may be used alone or in combination with existing drugs like corticosteroids, pirfenidone/nintedanib or endothelin receptor antagonists for different pulmonary diseases. Personalized medicine through genetic screening and phenotyping for angiotensinogen or ACE would aid treatment especially for non-responsive patients. This review serves to provide an update on the latest development in the field of RAS targeting for pulmonary diseases, and offer some insights into future direction.
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Barroso LC, Magalhaes GS, Galvão I, Reis AC, Souza DG, Sousa LP, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Pinho V, Teixeira MM. Angiotensin-(1-7) Promotes Resolution of Neutrophilic Inflammation in a Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1596. [PMID: 29209329 PMCID: PMC5701946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective resolution of inflammation may be crucial for the initiation and development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. Therefore, it has been suggested that therapeutic strategies based on molecules that facilitate inflammation resolution present great potential for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects and role of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in driving resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in a model of arthritis. For this purpose, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis and treated with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of the inflammatory process. Analysis of the number of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, and immunofluorescence for NF-κB was performed in the exudate collected from the knee cavity. Neutrophil accumulation in periarticular tissue was measured by assaying myeloperoxidase activity. Apoptosis of human neutrophil after treatment with Ang-(1-7) was evaluated morphologically and by flow cytometry, and NF-κB phosphorylation by immunofluorescence. Efferocytosis was evaluated in vivo. Therapeutic treatment with Ang-(1-7) at the peak of inflammation promoted resolution, an effect associated with caspase-dependent neutrophils apoptosis and NF-κB inhibition. Importantly, Ang-(1-7) was also able to induce apoptosis of human neutrophils, an effect associated with NF-κB inhibition. The pro-resolving effects of Ang-(1-7) were inhibited by the Mas receptor antagonist A779. Finally, we showed that Ang-(1-7) increased the efferocytic ability of murine macrophages. Our results clearly demonstrate that Ang-(1-7) resolves neutrophilic inflammation in vivo acting in two key step of resolution: apoptosis of neutrophils and their removal by efferocytosis. Ang-(1-7) is a novel mediator of resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia C Barroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giselle S Magalhaes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Reis
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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26
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Karnik SS, Singh KD, Tirupula K, Unal H. Significance of angiotensin 1-7 coupling with MAS1 receptor and other GPCRs to the renin-angiotensin system: IUPHAR Review 22. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:737-753. [PMID: 28194766 PMCID: PMC5387002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the receptors for angiotensins were extensively reviewed recently. In the review, the receptor nomenclature committee was not emphatic on designating MAS1 as the angiotensin 1-7 receptor on the basis of lack of classical G protein signalling and desensitization in response to angiotensin 1-7, as well as a lack of consensus on confirmatory ligand pharmacological analyses. A review of recent publications (2013-2016) on the rapidly progressing research on angiotensin 1-7 revealed that MAS1 and two additional receptors can function as 'angiotensin 1-7 receptors', and this deserves further consideration. In this review we have summarized the information on angiotensin 1-7 receptors and their crosstalk with classical angiotensin II receptors in the context of the functions of the renin angiotensin system. It was concluded that the receptors for angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 make up a sophisticated cross-regulated signalling network that modulates the endogenous protective and pathogenic facets of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Kalyan Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Biological E Limited, ShamirpetHyderabadIndia
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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