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Jover E, Martín-Núñez E, Garaikoetxea M, Matilla L, Blanco-Colio LM, Pérez-Sáez JM, Navarro A, Fernández-Celis A, Gainza A, Álvarez V, Sádaba R, Tamayo I, Rabinovich GA, Martín-Ventura JL, López-Andrés N. Sex-dependent expression of galectin-1, a cardioprotective β-galactoside-binding lectin, in human calcific aortic stenosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23447. [PMID: 38329326 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301832rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze sex-related differences in galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, in aortic stenosis (AS) and its association with the inflammatory and fibrocalcific progression of AS. Gal-1 was determined in serum and aortic valves (AVs) from control and AS donors by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Differences were validated by ELISA and qPCR in AS samples. In vitro experiments were conducted in primary cultured valve interstitial cells (VICs). Serum Gal-1 was not different neither between control and AS nor between men and women. There was no association between circulating and valvular Gal-1 levels. The expression of Gal-1 in stenotic AVs was higher in men than women, even after adjusting for confounding factors, and was associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and osteogenesis. Gal-1 (LGALS1) mRNA was enhanced within fibrocalcific areas of stenotic AVs, especially in men. Secretion of Gal-1 was up-regulated over a time course of 2, 4, and 8 days in men's calcifying VICs, only peaking at day 4 in women's VICs. In vitro, Gal-1 was associated with similar mechanisms to those in our clinical cohort. β-estradiol significantly up-regulated the activity of an LGALS1 promoter vector and the secretion of Gal-1, only in women's VICs. Supplementation with rGal-1 prevented the effects elicited by calcific challenge including the metabolic shift to glycolysis. In conclusion, Gal-1 is up-regulated in stenotic AVs and VICs from men in association with inflammation, oxidative stress, matrix remodeling, and osteogenesis. Estrogens can regulate Gal-1 expression with potential implications in post-menopause women. Exogenous rGal-1 can diminish calcific phenotypes in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jover
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mattie Garaikoetxea
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lara Matilla
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Blanco-Colio
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adela Navarro
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gainza
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Álvarez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Sádaba
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Research Methodology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José L Martín-Ventura
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Loh KWZ, Hu Z, Soong TW. Modulation of Ca V1.2 Channel Function by Interacting Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications: Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36764970 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CaV1.2 calcium channel is the primary conduit for Ca2+ influx into cardiac and smooth muscles that underscores its importance in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. But, a few controversies still remain. Therefore, exploring new ways to modulate CaV1.2 channel activity will augment the arsenal of CaV1.2 channel-based therapeutics for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will mainly introduce a couple of emerging CaV1.2 channel interacting proteins, such as Galectin-1 and Cereblon, and discuss their roles in hypertension and heart failure through fine-tuning CaV1.2 channel activity. Of current interest, we will also evaluate the implication of the role of CaV1.2 channel in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential treatments of COVID-19-related cardiovascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wei Zhern Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Vang S, Cochran P, Sebastian Domingo J, Krick S, Barnes JW. The Glycobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040316. [PMID: 35448503 PMCID: PMC9026683 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease of complex etiology. Cases of PAH that do not receive therapy after diagnosis have a low survival rate. Multiple reports have shown that idiopathic PAH, or IPAH, is associated with metabolic dysregulation including altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Multiple processes such as increased proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, angiogenesis, apoptotic resistance, and vasoconstriction may be regulated by the metabolic changes demonstrated in PAH. Recent reports have underscored similarities between metabolic abnormalities in cancer and IPAH. In particular, increased glucose uptake and altered glucose utilization have been documented and have been linked to the aforementioned processes. We were the first to report a link between altered glucose metabolism and changes in glycosylation. Subsequent reports have highlighted similar findings, including a potential role for altered metabolism and aberrant glycosylation in IPAH pathogenesis. This review will detail research findings that demonstrate metabolic dysregulation in PAH with an emphasis on glycobiology. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the similarities in the pathobiology of PAH and cancer and highlight the novel findings that researchers have explored in the field.
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4
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Funk-Hilsdorf TC, Behrens F, Grune J, Simmons S. Dysregulated Immunity in Pulmonary Hypertension: From Companion to Composer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819145. [PMID: 35250621 PMCID: PMC8891568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a grave condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing a desperate need for innovative and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cumulative evidence suggests that inflammation and dysregulated immunity interdependently affect maladaptive organ perfusion and congestion as hemodynamic hallmarks of the pathophysiology of PH. The role of altered cellular and humoral immunity in PH gains increasing attention, especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), revealing novel mechanistic insights into the underlying immunopathology. Whether these immunophysiological aspects display a universal character and also hold true for other types of PH (e.g., PH associated with left heart disease, PH-LHD), or whether there are unique immunological signatures depending on the underlying cause of disease are points of consideration and discussion. Inflammatory mediators and cellular immune circuits connect the local inflammatory landscape in the lung and heart through inter-organ communication, involving, e.g., the complement system, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), cytokines and subsets of, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and T- and B-lymphocytes with distinct and organ-specific pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in homeostasis and disease. Perivascular macrophage expansion and monocyte recruitment have been proposed as key pathogenic drivers of vascular remodeling, the principal pathological mechanism in PAH, pinpointing toward future directions of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Moreover, different B- and T-effector cells as well as DCs may play an important role in the pathophysiology of PH as an imbalance of T-helper-17-cells (TH17) activated by monocyte-derived DCs, a potentially protective role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and autoantibody-producing plasma cells occur in diverse PH animal models and human PH. This article highlights novel aspects of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interaction as disease mediators of PH and its specific subtypes, noticeable inflammatory mediators and summarizes therapeutic targets and strategies arising thereby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Funk-Hilsdorf
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Behrens
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Szandor Simmons,
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5
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Summers ME, Richmond BW, Kropski JA, Majka SA, Bastarache JA, Hatzopoulos AK, Bylund J, Ghosh M, Petrache I, Foronjy RF, Geraghty P, Majka SM. Balanced Wnt/Dickkopf-1 signaling by mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells in the microvascular niche maintains distal lung structure and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C119-C131. [PMID: 33085496 PMCID: PMC7846975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The well-described Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) plays a role in angiogenesis as well as in regulation of growth factor signaling cascades in pulmonary remodeling associated with chronic lung diseases (CLDs) including emphysema and fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms by which DKK1 influences mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells (MVPCs), microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within the microvascular niche have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that knockdown of DKK1 in Abcg2pos lung mouse adult tissue resident MVPCs alters lung stiffness, parenchymal collagen deposition, microvessel muscularization and density as well as loss of tissue structure in response to hypoxia exposure. To complement the in vivo mouse modeling, we also identified cell- or disease-specific responses to DKK1, in primary lung chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) MVPCs, COPD MVECs, and SMCs, supporting a paradoxical disease-specific response of cells to well-characterized factors. Cell responses to DKK1 were dose dependent and correlated with varying expressions of the DKK1 receptor, CKAP4. These data demonstrate that DKK1 expression is necessary to maintain the microvascular niche whereas its effects are context specific. They also highlight DKK1 as a regulatory candidate to understand the role of Wnt and DKK1 signaling between cells of the microvascular niche during tissue homeostasis and during the development of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Summers
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah A Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffery Bylund
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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6
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Chiang MT, Chen IM, Hsu FF, Chen YH, Tsai MS, Hsu YW, Leu HB, Huang PH, Chen JW, Liu FT, Chen YH, Chau LY. Gal-1 (Galectin-1) Upregulation Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Enhancing Vascular Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:331-345. [PMID: 33147994 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular degenerative disease causing sudden rupture of aorta and significant mortality in elders. Nevertheless, no prognostic and therapeutic target is available for disease management. Gal-1 (galectin-1) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin constitutively expressed in vasculature with roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of Gal-1 in AAA progression. Approach and Results: Gal-1 was significantly elevated in circulation and aortic tissues of Ang II (angiotensin II)-infused apoE-deficient mice developing AAA. Gal-1 deficiency reduced incidence and severity of AAA with lower expression of aortic MMPs (matrix metalloproteases) and proinflammatory cytokines. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) induced Gal-1 expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. Gal-1 deletion enhanced TNFα-induced MMP9 expression in fibroblasts but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Cysteinyl-labeling assay demonstrated that aortic Gal-1 exhibited susceptibility to oxidation in vivo. Recombinant oxidized Gal-1 induced expression of MMP9 and inflammatory cytokines to various extents in macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts through activation of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase signaling. Clinically, serum MMP9 level was significantly higher in both patients with AAA and coronary artery disease than in control subjects, whereas serum Gal-1 level was elevated in patients with AAA but not coronary artery disease when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Gal-1 is highly induced and contributes to AAA by enhancing matrix degradation activity and inflammatory responses in experimental model. The pathological link between Gal-1 and AAA is also observed in human patients. These findings support the potential of Gal-1 as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target of AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Adventitia/metabolism
- Adventitia/pathology
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortitis/chemically induced
- Aortitis/metabolism
- Aortitis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Galectin 1/blood
- Galectin 1/deficiency
- Galectin 1/genetics
- Galectin 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (I.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Min-Shao Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Yaw-Wen Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Healthcare and Management, Healthcare Center (H.-B.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.-B.L., Ying-Hwa Chen), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology (J.-W.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Ying-Hwa Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.-B.L., Ying-Hwa Chen), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Young Chau
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
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7
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Xiao G, Zhuang W, Wang T, Lian G, Luo L, Ye C, Wang H, Xie L. Transcriptomic analysis identifies Toll-like and Nod-like pathways and necroptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11409-11421. [PMID: 32860486 PMCID: PMC7576255 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play a causal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the pathways and mechanisms by which inflammation and immunity contribute to pulmonary vascular remodelling remain unknown. RNA sequencing was used to analyse the transcriptome in control and rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) for various weeks. Using the transcriptional profiling of MCT‐induced PAH coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we clustered the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and chose the increased expression patterns associated with inflammatory and immune response. We found the enrichment of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and Nod‐like receptor (NLR) pathways and identified NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory and immune profiling in MCT‐induced PAH. Pathway‐based data integration and visualization showed the dysregulated TLR and NLR pathways, including increased expression of TLR2 and NLRP3, and their downstream molecules. Further analysis revealed that the activation of TLR and NLR pathways was associated with up‐regulation of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis was involved in the generation of DAMPs in MCT‐induced PAH. Collectively, we identify RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis and its triggered TLR and NLR pathways in the progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfa Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyi Ye
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
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8
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Summers ME, Richmond BW, Menon S, Sheridan RM, Kropski JA, Majka SA, Taketo MM, Bastarache JA, West JD, De Langhe S, Geraghty P, Klemm DJ, Chu HW, Friedman RS, Tao YK, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Resident mesenchymal vascular progenitors modulate adaptive angiogenesis and pulmonary remodeling via regulation of canonical Wnt signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:10267-10285. [PMID: 32533805 PMCID: PMC7496763 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000629r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive angiogenesis is necessary for tissue repair, however, it may also be associated with the exacerbation of injury and development of chronic disease. In these studies, we demonstrate that lung mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells (MVPC) modulate adaptive angiogenesis via lineage trace, depletion of MVPC, and modulation of β-catenin expression. Single cell sequencing confirmed MVPC as multipotential vascular progenitors, thus, genetic depletion resulted in alveolar simplification with reduced adaptive angiogenesis. Following vascular endothelial injury, Wnt activation in MVPC was sufficient to elicit an emphysema-like phenotype characterized by increased MLI, fibrosis, and MVPC driven adaptive angiogenesis. Lastly, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling skewed the profile of human and murine MVPC toward an adaptive phenotype. These data suggest that lung MVPC drive angiogenesis in response to injury and regulate the microvascular niche as well as subsequent distal lung tissue architecture via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Summers
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Ryan M. Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsRNA Bioscience InitiativeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Sarah A. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Julie A. Bastarache
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - James D. West
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | | | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Biomedical ResearchNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
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9
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Hu Z, Li G, Wang JW, Chong SY, Yu D, Wang X, Soon JL, Liang MC, Wong YP, Huang N, Colecraft HM, Liao P, Soong TW. Regulation of Blood Pressure by Targeting Ca V1.2-Galectin-1 Protein Interaction. Circulation 2019; 138:1431-1445. [PMID: 29650545 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-type CaV1.2 channels play crucial roles in the regulation of blood pressure. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been reported to bind to the I-II loop of CaV1.2 channels to reduce their current density. However, the mechanistic understanding for the downregulation of CaV1.2 channels by Gal-1 and whether Gal-1 plays a direct role in blood pressure regulation remain unclear. METHODS In vitro experiments involving coimmunoprecipitation, Western blot, patch-clamp recordings, immunohistochemistry, and pressure myography were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which Gal-1 downregulates CaV1.2 channel in transfected, human embryonic kidney 293 cells, smooth muscle cells, arteries from Lgasl1-/- mice, rat, and human patients. In vivo experiments involving the delivery of Tat-e9c peptide and AAV5-Gal-1 into rats were performed to investigate the effect of targeting CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction on blood pressure monitored by tail-cuff or telemetry methods. RESULTS Our study reveals that Gal-1 is a key regulator for proteasomal degradation of CaV1.2 channels. Gal-1 competed allosterically with the CaVβ subunit for binding to the I-II loop of the CaV1.2 channel. This competitive disruption of CaVβ binding led to CaV1.2 degradation by exposing the channels to polyubiquitination. It is notable that we demonstrated that the inverse relationship of reduced Gal-1 and increased CaV1.2 protein levels in arteries was associated with hypertension in hypertensive rats and patients, and Gal-1 deficiency induces higher blood pressure in mice because of the upregulated CaV1.2 protein level in arteries. To directly regulate blood pressure by targeting the CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction, we administered Tat-e9c, a peptide that competed for binding of Gal-1 by a miniosmotic pump, and this specific disruption of CaV1.2-Gal-1 coupling increased smooth muscle CaV1.2 currents, induced larger arterial contraction, and caused hypertension in rats. In contrasting experiments, overexpression of Gal-1 in smooth muscle by a single bolus of AAV5-Gal-1 significantly reduced blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS We have defined molecularly that Gal-1 promotes CaV1.2 degradation by replacing CaVβ and thereby exposing specific lysines for polyubiquitination and by masking I-II loop endoplasmic reticulum export signals. This mechanistic understanding provided the basis for targeting CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction to demonstrate clearly the modulatory role that Gal-1 plays in regulating blood pressure, and offering a potential approach for therapeutic management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China (G.L.)
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | - Dejie Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | | | - Mui Cheng Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Yuk Peng Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Na Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (J.L.S., N.H.)
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (H.M.C.)
| | | | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Neurobiology/Ageing Programme (T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (T.W.S.)
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10
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Galectin-1 as an Emerging Mediator of Cardiovascular Inflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8696543. [PMID: 30524200 PMCID: PMC6247465 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8696543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside-binding lectin, controls immune cell homeostasis and tempers acute and chronic inflammation by blunting proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, engaging T-cell apoptotic programs, promoting expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells, and deactivating antigen-presenting cells. In addition, this lectin promotes angiogenesis by co-opting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 signaling pathway. Since a coordinated network of immunomodulatory and proangiogenic mediators controls cardiac homeostasis, this lectin has been proposed to play a key hierarchical role in cardiac pathophysiology via glycan-dependent regulation of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of Gal-1 in cardiovascular diseases including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, Chagas cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and ischemic stroke, highlighting underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Whereas Gal-1 administration emerges as a potential novel treatment option in acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, Gal-1 blockade may contribute to attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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11
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Tsai MS, Chiang MT, Tsai DL, Yang CW, Hou HS, Li YR, Chang PC, Lin HH, Chen HY, Hwang IS, Wei PK, Hsu CP, Lin KI, Liu FT, Chau LY. Galectin-1 Restricts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Motility Via Modulating Adhesion Force and Focal Adhesion Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11497. [PMID: 30065303 PMCID: PMC6068105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration play a key role in the development of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a redox-sensitive β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in VSMCs with intracellular and extracellular localizations. Here we show that VSMCs deficient in Gal-1 (Gal-1-KO) exhibited greater motility than wild type (WT) cells. Likewise, Gal-1-KO-VSMC migration was inhibited by a redox-insensitive but activity-preserved Gal-1 (CSGal-1) in a glycan-dependent manner. Gal-1-KO-VSMCs adhered slower than WT cells on fibronectin. Cell spreading and focal adhesion (FA) formation examined by phalloidin and vinculin staining were less in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Concomitantly, FA kinase (FAK) phosphorylation was induced to a lower extent in Gal-1-KO cells. Analysis of FA dynamics by nocodazole washout assay demonstrated that FA disassembly, correlated with FAK de-phosphorylation, was faster in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Surface plasmon resonance assay demonstrated that CSGal-1 interacted with α5β1integrin and fibronectin in a glycan-dependent manner. Chemical crosslinking experiment and atomic force microscopy further revealed the involvement of extracellular Gal-1 in strengthening VSMC-fibronectin interaction. In vivo experiment showed that carotid ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia was more severe in Gal-1-KO mice than WT counterparts. Collectively, these data disclose that Gal-1 restricts VSMC migration by modulating cell-matrix interaction and focal adhesion turnover, which limits neointimal formation post vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shao Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Li
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Huei Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Young Chau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Hood KY, Mair KM, Harvey AP, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, MacLean MR. Serotonin Signaling Through the 5-HT 1B Receptor and NADPH Oxidase 1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1361-1370. [PMID: 28473438 PMCID: PMC5478178 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin can induce human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (hPASMC) proliferation through reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesize that in PASMCs, serotonin induces oxidative stress through NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS generation and reduced Nrf-2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) antioxidant systems, promoting vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS HPASMCs from controls and PAH patients, and PASMCs from Nox1-/- mice, were stimulated with serotonin in the absence/presence of inhibitors of Src kinase, the 5-HT1B receptor, and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Markers of fibrosis were also determined. The pathophysiological significance of our findings was examined in vivo in serotonin transporter overexpressing female mice, a model of pulmonary hypertension. We confirmed thatserotonin increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in these cells. For the first time, we show that serotonin increased oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatases and hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin and decreased Nrf-2 and catalase activity in hPASMCs. ROS generation was exaggerated and dependent on cellular Src-related kinase, 5-HT1B receptor, and the serotonin transporter in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH subjects. Proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling were exaggerated in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH subjects and dependent on 5-HT1B receptor signaling and Nox1, confirmed in PASMCs from Nox1-/- mice. In serotonin transporter overexpressing mice, SB216641, a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, prevented development of pulmonary hypertension in a ROS-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin can induce cellular Src-related kinase-regulated Nox1-induced ROS and Nrf-2 dysregulation, contributing to increased post-translational oxidative modification of proteins and activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in hPASMCs, associated with mitogenic responses. 5-HT1B receptors contribute to experimental pulmonary hypertension by inducing lung ROS production. Our results suggest that 5-HT1B receptor-dependent cellular Src-related kinase-Nox1-pathways contribute to vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Y Hood
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty M Mair
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Harvey
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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13
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Gaskill CF, Carrier EJ, Kropski JA, Bloodworth NC, Menon S, Foronjy RF, Taketo MM, Hong CC, Austin ED, West JD, Means AL, Loyd JE, Merryman WD, Hemnes AR, De Langhe S, Blackwell TS, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2262-2276. [PMID: 28463231 DOI: 10.1172/jci88629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular disease is characterized by remodeling and loss of microvessels and is typically attributed to pathological responses in vascular endothelium or abnormal smooth muscle cell phenotypes. We have challenged this understanding by defining an adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) that regulates both microvascular function and angiogenesis. The current understanding of adult MPCs and their roles in homeostasis versus disease has been limited by a lack of genetic markers with which to lineage label multipotent mesenchyme and trace the differentiation of these MPCs into vascular lineages. Here, we have shown that lineage-labeled lung MPCs expressing the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG2 (ABCG2+) are pericyte progenitors that participate in microvascular homeostasis as well as adaptive angiogenesis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, either autonomously or downstream of decreased BMP receptor signaling, enhanced ABCG2+ MPC proliferation but suppressed MPC differentiation into a functional pericyte lineage. Thus, enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ABCG2+ MPCs drives a phenotype of persistent microvascular dysfunction, abnormal angiogenesis, and subsequent exacerbation of bleomycin-induced fibrosis. ABCG2+ MPCs may, therefore, account in part for the aberrant microvessel function and remodeling that are associated with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa F Gaskill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | | | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, Kochi, and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine or Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Anna L Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | | | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Chmelova M, Geci I, Talian I, Bober P, Bacenkova D, Rosocha J, Urdzik P, Benckova M, Semancikova E, Kruzliak P, Sabo J. Proteomic Analysis of Chorion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Combination of 2D Nano-HPLC in Tandem with ESI Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Immunohistochemical detection of early myocardial infarction: a systematic review. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:411-421. [PMID: 27885432 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction is a challenge for forensic pathologists because the routine histology is neither specific. Many authors have suggested the use of the immunohistochemistry to fill the gaps in the histological diagnosis of early myocardial infarction. This review aims to analyse advances of immunohistochemical detection of early cardiac damage due to ischaemia. To this purpose, we reviewed experimental studies that investigated immunohistochemical markers and their estimated timing of expression. The review was performed according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 23 studies assessing the immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis and timing of early myocardial infarction were identified. The literature review highlights that the analysed markers are complement components, others being inflammatory mediators, cardiac cell proteins, plasma proteins, stress or hypoxia-induced factors and proteins associated with heart failure. All studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the tested markers in the early detection of myocardial infarction in both animal and human samples.
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16
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Li S, Han D, Zhang Y, Xie X, Ke R, Zhu Y, Liu L, Song Y, Yang L, Li M. Activation of AMPK Prevents Monocrotaline-Induced Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Pulmonary Artery. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2016; 22:27-33. [PMID: 26978596 PMCID: PMC4795089 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.897505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study was performed to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) – activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of pulmonary arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to address its potential mechanisms. Material/Methods PAH was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) into Sprague-Dawley rats. Metformin (MET) was administered to activate AMPK. Immunoblotting was used to determine the phosphorylation and expression of AMPK and expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Gelatin zymography was performed to determine the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Results Activation of AMPK by MET significantly reduced the right ventricle systolic pressure and the right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-induced rat PAH model, and partially inhibited the ECM remodeling of pulmonary arteries. These effects were coupled with the decrease of MMP-2/9 activity and TIMP-1 expression. Conclusions This study suggests that activation of AMPK benefits PAH by inhibiting ECM remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Enhancing AMPK activity might have potential value in clinical treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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17
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Mitra A, Basak T, Ahmad S, Datta K, Datta R, Sengupta S, Sarkar S. Comparative Proteome Profiling during Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myocardial Infarction Reveals Altered Glucose Oxidation by Differential Activation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Component Subunit β. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:2104-20. [PMID: 25451023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction (MI) are two etiologically different disease forms with varied pathological characteristics. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and specific causal proteins associated with these diseases are obscure to date. In this study, a comparative cardiac proteome profiling was performed in Wistar rat models for diseased and control (sham) groups using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using Protein Pilot™ software (version 4.0) and were subjected to stringent statistical analysis. Alteration of key proteins was validated by Western blot analysis. The differentially expressed protein sets identified in this study were associated with different functional groups, involving various metabolic pathways, stress responses, cytoskeletal organization, apoptotic signaling and other miscellaneous functions. It was further deciphered that altered energy metabolism during hypertrophy in comparison to MI may be predominantly attributed to induced glucose oxidation level, via reduced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit β (PDHE1-B) protein during hypertrophy. This study reports for the first time the global changes in rat cardiac proteome during two etiologically different cardiac diseases and identifies key signaling regulators modulating ontogeny of these two diseases culminating in heart failure. This study also pointed toward differential activation of PDHE1-B that accounts for upregulation of glucose oxidation during hypertrophy. Downstream analysis of altered proteome and the associated modulators would enhance our present knowledge regarding altered pathophysiology of these two etiologically different cardiac disease forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadeep Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Kaberi Datta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
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18
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Marriott S, Baskir RS, Gaskill C, Menon S, Carrier EJ, Williams J, Talati M, Helm K, Alford CE, Kropski JA, Loyd J, Wheeler L, Johnson J, Austin E, Nozik-Grayck E, Meyrick B, West JD, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. ABCG2pos lung mesenchymal stem cells are a novel pericyte subpopulation that contributes to fibrotic remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C684-98. [PMID: 25122876 PMCID: PMC4200000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genesis of myofibroblasts is obligatory for the development of pathology in many adult lung diseases. Adult lung tissue contains a population of perivascular ABCG2(pos) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that are precursors of myofibroblasts and distinct from NG2 pericytes. We hypothesized that these MSC participate in deleterious remodeling associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and associated hypertension (PH). To test this hypothesis, resident lung MSC were quantified in lung samples from control subjects and PF patients. ABCG2(pos) cell numbers were decreased in human PF and interstitial lung disease compared with control samples. Genetic labeling of lung MSC in mice enabled determination of terminal lineage and localization of ABCG2 cells following intratracheal administration of bleomycin to elicit fibrotic lung injury. Fourteen days following bleomycin injury enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled lung MSC-derived cells were increased in number and localized to interstitial areas of fibrotic and microvessel remodeling. Finally, gene expression analysis was evaluated to define the response of MSC to bleomycin injury in vivo using ABCG2(pos) MSC isolated during the inflammatory phase postinjury and in vitro bleomycin or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cells. MSC responded to bleomycin treatment in vivo with a profibrotic gene program that was not recapitulated in vitro with bleomycin treatment. However, TGF-β1 treatment induced the appearance of a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in vitro. Additionally, when exposed to the profibrotic stimulus, TGF-β1, ABCG2, and NG2 pericytes demonstrated distinct responses. Our data highlight ABCG2(pos) lung MSC as a novel cell population that contributes to detrimental myofibroblast-mediated remodeling during PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennea Marriott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Rubin S Baskir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Christa Gaskill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Janice Williams
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Electron Microscopy-Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Karen Helm
- Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E Alford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Joyce Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Barbara Meyrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse;
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19
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Al-Salam S, Hashmi S. Galectin-1 in early acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86994. [PMID: 24498007 PMCID: PMC3909026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most serious manifestation of coronary artery disease and the cause of significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Galectin-1(GAL-1), a divalent 14.5-kDa protein, is present both inside and outside cells, and has both intracellular and extracellular functions. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor mediating early and late responses to myocardial ischemia. Identification of the pattern of expression of GAL-1 and HIF-1α in the heart during the first 24 hours following acute MI will help in understanding early molecular changes in this event and may provide methods to overcome serious complications. Mouse model of MI was used and heart samples were processed for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent labeling and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to identify GAL-1 and HIF 1α levels in the heart during the first 24 hours following MI. There was significant increase in left ventricular GAL-1 at 20 (p = 0.001) and 30 minutes (p = 0.004) following MI. There was also a significant increase in plasma GAL-1 at 4 hours (p = 0.012) and 24 hours (p = 0.001) following MI. A significant increase in left ventricular HIF-1 α was seen at 20 minutes (p = 0.047) following MI. In conclusion, we show for the first time that GAL-1 level in the left ventricle is increased in early ischemic period. We also report for the first time that HIF-1 α is significantly increased at 20 minutes following MI. In addition we report for the first time that mouse plasma GAL-1 level is significantly raised as early as 4 hours following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
| | - Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Wang J, Thio SS, Yang SS, Yu D, Yu CY, Wong YP, Liao P, Li S, Soong TW. Splice Variant Specific Modulation of Ca
V
1.2 Calcium Channel by Galectin-1 Regulates Arterial Constriction. Circ Res 2011; 109:1250-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.248849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Ca
V
1.2 channels are essential for excitation–contraction coupling in the cardiovascular system, and alternative splicing optimizes its role. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been reported to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function and play a role in pulmonary hypertension. We have identified Gal-1 multiple times in yeast 2-hybrid assays using the Ca
V
1.2 I–II loop as bait.
Objective:
Our hypothesis is that Gal-1 interacts directly with Ca
V
1.2 channel at the I–II loop to affect arterial constriction.
Methods and Results:
Unexpectedly, Gal-1 was found to selectively bind to the I–II loop only in the absence of alternatively spliced exon 9*. We found that the current densities of Ca
V
1.2
Δ9*
channels were significantly inhibited as a result of decreased functional surface expression due to the binding of Gal-1 at the export signal located on the C-terminus of exon 9. Moreover, the suppression of Gal-1 expression by siRNA in rat A7r5 and isolated VSMCs produced the opposite effect of increased
I
Ca,L
. The physiological significance of Gal-1 mediated splice variant-specific inhibition of Ca
V
1.2 channels was demonstrated in organ bath culture where rat MAs were reversibly permeabilized with Gal-1 siRNA and the arterial wall exhibited increased K
+
-induced constriction.
Conclusion:
The above data indicated that Gal-1 regulates
I
Ca,L
via decreasing the functional surface expression of Ca
V
1.2 channels in a splice variant selective manner and such a mechanism may play a role in modulating vascular constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juejin Wang
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Sharon S.C. Thio
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Sophia S.H. Yang
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Dejie Yu
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Chye Yun Yu
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Yuk Peng Wong
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Ping Liao
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Shengnan Li
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (J.W., D.Y., Y.P.W., T.W.S.); National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (J.W., S.S.C.T., S.H.Y., C.Y.Y., P.L., T.W.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (J.W., S.L.)
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21
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Ashraf GM, Bilal N, Suhail N, Hasan S, Banu N. Glycosylation of purified buffalo heart galectin-1 plays crucial role in maintaining its structural and functional integrity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1450-7. [PMID: 21314615 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A buffalo heart galectin-1 purified by gel filtration chromatography revealed the presence of 3.55% carbohydrate content, thus it is the first mammalian heart galectin found to be glycosylated in nature and emphasizes the need to perform deglycosylation studies. Physicochemical comparative analysis between the properties of the native and deglycosylated proteins was carried out to understand the significance of glycosylation. The deglycosylated protein exhibited lesser thermal and pH stability compared to the native galectin. When exposed to thiol blocking reagents, denaturants, and detergents, remarkable differences were observed in the properties of the native and deglycosylated protein. Compared to the native glycosylated protein, the deglycosylated galectin showed enhanced fluorescence quenching when exposed to various agents. CD and FTIR analysis showed that deglycosylation of the purified galectin and its exposure to different chemicals resulted in significant deviations from regular secondary structure of the protein, thus emphasizing the significance of glycosylation for maintaining the active conformation of the protein. The remarkable differences observed in the properties of the native and deglycosylated galectin add an important dimension to the significance of protein glycosylation and its associated biological and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Ashraf GM, Banu N, Ahmad A, Singh LP, Kumar R. Purification, characterization, sequencing and biological chemistry of galectin-1 purified from Capra hircus (goat) heart. Protein J 2011; 30:39-51. [PMID: 21210196 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A soluble β-galactoside binding 14.5 kDa lectin was purified from the heart of Capra hircus. Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for β-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. The secondary structures of the deduced amino acid sequences were generally conserved with previously reported Gal-1. Exposure of the purified protein to varying temperature and pH, oxidant, thiol blocking reagents, denaturants and detergents resulted in significant changes in UV (ultraviolet), fluorescence, CD (circular dichroism) and FTIR (fourier transform infra red) spectra, thus strongly emphasizing the vitality of regular secondary structure of galectins for maintaining their active conformation. Bioinformatics studies corroborated the results obtained in wet lab. Our findings based on physico-chemical properties, oxidative inactivation and structural analysis of the goat heart galectin-1 suggests significant implications in potential biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Lucknow 206010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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23
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Jun D, Garat C, West J, Thorn N, Chow K, Cleaver T, Sullivan T, Torchia EC, Childs C, Shade T, Tadjali M, Lara A, Nozik-Grayck E, Malkoski S, Sorrentino B, Meyrick B, Klemm D, Rojas M, Wagner DH, Majka SM. The pathology of bleomycin-induced fibrosis is associated with loss of resident lung mesenchymal stem cells that regulate effector T-cell proliferation. Stem Cells 2011; 29:725-35. [PMID: 21312316 PMCID: PMC3322548 DOI: 10.1002/stem.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor formation. Here, we define a population of resident lung MSCs (luMSCs) that function to regulate the severity of bleomycin injury via modulation of the T-cell response. Bleomycin-induced loss of these endogenous luMSCs and elicited fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis), inflammation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Replacement of resident stem cells by administration of isolated luMSCs attenuated the bleomycin-associated pathology and mitigated the development of PAH. In addition, luMSC modulated a decrease in numbers of lymphocytes and granulocytes in bronchoalveolar fluid and demonstrated an inhibition of effector T-cell proliferation in vitro. Global gene expression analysis indicated that the luMSCs are a unique stromal population differing from lung fibroblasts in terms of proinflammatory mediators and profibrotic pathways. Our results demonstrate that luMSCs function to protect lung integrity after injury; however, when endogenous MSCs are lost, this function is compromised illustrating the importance of this novel population during lung injury. The definition of this population in vivo in both murine and human pulmonary tissue facilitates the development of a therapeutic strategy directed at the rescue of endogenous cells to facilitate lung repair during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Jun
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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24
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Baron N, Deuster O, Noelker C, Stüer C, Strik H, Schaller C, Dodel R, Meyer B, Bacher M. Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in primary glioblastoma multiforme cells. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:711-7. [PMID: 21360573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a protein that is overexpressed in many tumors, such as colon and prostate cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In its function as a cytokine, MIF induces angiogenesis, promotes cell cycle progression, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, the molecular signal transduction has been specified: MIF has been found to be a ligand to the CD74/CD44-receptor complex and to activate the ERK1/2 MAPK cascade. In addition MIF binds to the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. This effects an integrin-dependent leukocyte arrest and mediates leukocyte chemotaxis. Recent work has described a clearer role of MIF in GBM tumor cell lines. The current study used human primary GBM cells. We show that inhibition of MIF with ISO-1, an inhibitor of the D-dopachrome tautomerase site of MIF, reduced the growth rate of primary GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner, and in addition ISO-1 increased protein expression of MIF and its receptors CD74, CXCR2, and CXCR4 in vitro but decreased expression of CD44. Furthermore, hypoxia as cell stressor increases the protein expression of MIF in primary GBM cells. These results underscore the importance of MIF in GBM and show that MIF and its receptors may be a promising target for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Baron
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Dynamic interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins influence most cellular functions. Normal cells, but even more, tumor cells are subjected to different forms of stress, including ischemia, radical oxygen species production, starvation, mechanical stress or genotoxic insults due to anti-cancer drugs or irradiation. In these situations, an adaptative cellular response occurs, integrating a complex network of intracellular signaling modules, which, depending on stress intensity, may result to either damage repair followed by complete restitution of cellular functions, or programmed cell death. Because of its implication in oncogenesis and anti-cancer therapy, cellular stress response has been thoroughly investigated. However, most of these studies have been performed in the context of isolated cells without taking into consideration that most cells are part of the tissue within which they interact with ECM through integrin. Few studies have described the influence of stress on cell-to-ECM interaction. However, one can speculate that, in these conditions, cells could functionally interact with protein microenvironment either to create positive interactions to survive (for example by facilitating protective pathways) or negative interaction to die (for example by facilitating detachment). In this review, we summarize the knowledge relative to the influence of different stress modalities on ECM remodeling, integrin expression and/or function modifications, and possible functional consequences, independently from the cellular model as these findings came from a large variety of cells (mesenchymal, endothelial, muscular, epithelial and glandular) and fields of application (cancer, vascular biology and tissue engineering). Most studies support the general notion that non-lethal stress favors ECM stiffness, integrin activation and enhanced survival. This field opens large perspectives not only in tumor biology but also in anti-cancer therapy by targeting one or several steps of the integrin-mediated signaling pathway, including integrin ligation, or activation of integrin-linked enzymes or integrin adaptors.
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26
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Nakayama Wong LS, Lamé MW, Jones AD, Wilson DW. Differential cellular responses to protein adducts of naphthoquinone and monocrotaline pyrrole. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 23:1504-13. [PMID: 20695460 DOI: 10.1021/tx1002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-xenobiotic adducts are byproducts of xenobiotic metabolism. While there is a correlation between protein adduction and target organ toxicity, a cause and effect relationship is not often clear. Naphthoquinone (NQ) and monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) are two pneumotoxic electrophiles that form covalent adducts with a similar select group of proteins rich in reactive thiols. In this study, we treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) with NQ, MCTP, or preformed NQ or MCTP adducts to the protein galectin-1 (gal-1) and examined indicators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative injury, markers of apoptosis (caspase-3 and annexin V), and gene responses of cellular stress. ROS production was assayed fluorescently using CM-H(2)DCFDA. NQ adducts to gal-1 (NQ-gal) produced 183% more intracellular ROS than gal-1 alone (p < 0.0001). Caspase-3 activity and annexin V staining of phosphatidylserine were used to assess apoptotic activity in treated cells. HPAEC exposed to MCTP-gal had increases in both caspase-3 activation and membrane translocation of annexin V relative to gal-1 alone (p < 0.0001). Direct application of NQ produced significantly more ROS and induced significant caspase-3 activation, whereas MCTP did not. Human bronchial epithelial cells were also exposed to MCTP-gal and found to have significant increases in both caspase-3 activation and annexin V staining in comparison to that of gal-1 (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that both NQ and MCTP significantly induced the Nrf2 mediated stress response pathway despite differences in ROS generation. ER stress was not induced by either adducts or parent compounds as seen by quantitative RT-PCR, but HOX-1 expression was significantly induced by NQ-gal and MCTP alone. Electrophile adduction to gal-1 produces different cytotoxic effects specific to each reactive intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Nakayama Wong
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Molecular Biosciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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27
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Zhao XY, Chen TT, Xia L, Guo M, Xu Y, Yue F, Jiang Y, Chen GQ, Zhao KW. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of galectin-1: the potential role in migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1367-75. [PMID: 20525878 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of galectin-1, one of the most important lectins participating in the malignant tumor development, has been shown to be regulated by hypoxia, but its exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that ectopically expressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1alpha protein, an oxygen-sensitive subunit of HIF-1 that is a master factor for cellular response to hypoxia, significantly increases galectin-1 expression in both messenger RNA and protein levels in all four colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines tested. However, hypoxia-induced galectin-1 expression cannot be seen in sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 homozygous-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts that fail to accumulate HIF-1alpha protein. Furthermore, silence of HIF-1alpha or HIF-1beta expression by specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) antagonizes hypoxia-induced galectin-1 expression. All these results propose that galectin-1 is a direct target of transcriptional factor HIF-1. Applying luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identify that two hypoxia-responsive elements located at -441 to -423 bp upstream to transcriptional start site of galectin-1 gene are essential for HIF-1-mediated galectin-1 expression. Finally, the knockdown of galectin-1 by its specific shRNA can significantly reduce hypoxia-induced invasion and migration of CRC cell line, and the ectopic expression of galectin-1 can remarkably restore invasion and migration abilities of HIF-1alpha-knocked SW620 cells, proposing that galectin-1 mediates the HIF-1-induced migration and invasion of CRC cells during hypoxia. Taken together, our results shed new light for understanding mechanism for hypoxia/HIF-1-mediated migration/invasion of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China
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28
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Purification, characterization, structural analysis and protein chemistry of a buffalo heart galectin-1. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1321-32. [PMID: 20354738 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin was purified by gel filtration chromatography from Bubalus bubalis heart. Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for β-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Stokes radii determination using gel filtration under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed its homo-dimeric nature, further confirming its Gal-1 nomenclature. The purified lectin was found to be the most stable mammalian heart galectin purified till date, suggesting its preferential use in various recognition studies. Treatment of the purified lectin with oxidizing agent, thiol blocking reagents, denaturants, and detergents resulted in significant changes in UV-VIS, fluorescence, CD and FTIR spectra, which strongly emphasized the important aspect of regular secondary structure of galectins for the maintenance of their active conformation. Reduction of the activity of the purified lectin after oxidation by H2O2, with remarkable fluorescence quenching, may suggest potential role for galectin-1 in free radical-induced, oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular disorders. The predictions of bioinformatics studies were found to be in accordance with the results obtained in wet lab.
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Jin Y, Calvert TJ, Chen B, Chicoine LG, Joshi M, Bauer JA, Liu Y, Nelin LD. Mice deficient in Mkp-1 develop more severe pulmonary hypertension and greater lung protein levels of arginase in response to chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1518-28. [PMID: 20173047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00813.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are involved in cellular responses to many stimuli, including hypoxia. MAP kinase signaling is regulated by a family of phosphatases that include MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). We hypothesized that mice lacking the Mkp-1 gene would have exaggerated chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Wild-type (WT) and Mkp-1(-/-) mice were exposed to either 4 wk of normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia. Following chronic hypoxia, both genotypes demonstrated elevated right ventricular pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy as demonstrated by the ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weights [RV(LV + S)], and greater vascular remodeling. However, the right ventricular systolic pressures, the RV/(LV + S), and the medial wall thickness of 100- to 300-microm vessels was significantly greater in the Mkp-1(-/-) mice than in the WT mice following 4 wk of hypobaric hypoxia. Chronic hypoxic exposure caused no detectable change in eNOS protein levels in the lungs in either genotype; however, Mkp-1(-/-) mice had lower levels of eNOS protein and lower lung NO production than did WT mice. No iNOS protein was detected in the lungs by Western blotting in any condition in either genotype. Both arginase I and arginase II protein levels were greater in the lungs of hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) mice than those in hypoxic WT mice. Lung levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were greater in hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) than in hypoxic WT mice. These data are consistent with the concept that MKP-1 acts to restrain hypoxia-induced arginase expression and thereby reduces vascular remodeling and the severity of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Dias-Baruffi M, Stowell SR, Song SC, Arthur CM, Cho M, Rodrigues LC, Montes MAB, Rossi MA, James JA, McEver RP, Cummings RD. Differential expression of immunomodulatory galectin-1 in peripheral leukocytes and adult tissues and its cytosolic organization in striated muscle. Glycobiology 2010; 20:507-20. [PMID: 20053628 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is important in immune function and muscle regeneration, but its expression and localization in adult tissues and primary leukocytes remain unclear. To address this, we generated a specific monoclonal antibody against Gal-1, termed alphahGal-1, and defined a sequential peptide epitope that it recognizes, which is preserved in human and porcine Gal-1, but not in murine Gal-1. Using alphahGal-1, we found that Gal-1 is expressed in a wide range of porcine tissues, including striated muscle, liver, lung, brain, kidney, spleen, and intestine. In most types of cells, Gal-1 exhibits diffuse cytosolic expression, but in cells within the splenic red pulp, Gal-1 showed both cytosolic and nuclear localization. Gal-1 was also expressed in arterial walls and exhibited prominent cytosolic and nuclear staining in cultured human endothelial cells. However, human peripheral leukocytes and promyelocytic HL60 cells lack detectable Gal-1 and also showed very low levels of Gal-1 mRNA. In striking contrast, Gal-1 exhibited an organized cytosolic staining pattern within striated muscle tissue of cardiac and skeletal muscle and colocalized with sarcomeric actin on I bands. These results provide insights into previously defined roles for Gal-1 in inflammation, immune regulation and muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Li M, Li Z, Sun X. Statins suppress MMP2 secretion via inactivation of RhoA/ROCK pathway in pulmonary vascular smooth muscles cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roubelakis MG, Pappa KI, Bitsika V, Zagoura D, Vlahou A, Papadaki HA, Antsaklis A, Anagnou NP. Molecular and proteomic characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid: comparison to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 16:931-52. [PMID: 18047393 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) constitute a population of multipotent adherent cells able to give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineages such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes. So far, the most common source of MSCs has been the bone marrow (BM); however BM-MSC harvesting and processing exhibits major drawbacks and limitations. Thus, identification and characterization of alternative sources of MSCs are of great importance. In the present study, we isolated and expanded fetal MSCs from second-trimester amniotic fluid (AF). We documented that these cells are of embryonic origin, can differentiate under appropriate conditions into cell types derived from all three germ layers, and express the pluripotency marker Oct-4, the human Nanog protein, and the stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4). Furthermore, we systematically tested the immunophenotype of cultured MSCs by flow cytometry analysis using a wide variety of markers. Direct comparison of this phenotype to the one derived from cultured BM-MSCs demonstrated that cultured MSCs from both sources exhibit similar expression patterns. Using the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) approach, we have generated for the first time the protein map of cultured AF-MSCs by identifying 261 proteins, and we compared it directly to that of cultured BM-MSCs. The functional pattern of the identified proteins from both sources was similar. However, cultured AF-MSCs displayed a number of unique proteins related to proliferation and primitive phenotype, which may confer to the distinct features of the two types. Considering the easy access to this new cell source and the yield of expanded MSCs for stem cell research, AF may provide an excellent source of MSCs both for basic research and for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Roubelakis
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRF), Athens, Greece
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