1
|
Harvey BJ, McElvaney NG. Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:56. [PMID: 39026347 PMCID: PMC11264786 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma display a clear male advantage in post-puberty while a female benefit is observed in asthma during the pre-puberty years. The influence of menstrual cycle stage and pregnancy on the frequency and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in CF and asthma point to a role for sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogen, in underpinning biological sex differences in these diseases. There are many ways by which estrogen may aggravate asthma and CF involving disturbances in airway surface liquid (ASL) dynamics, inappropriate hyper-immune and allergenic responses, as well as exacerbation of pathogen virulence. The deleterious effect of estrogen on pulmonary function in CF and asthma contrasts with the female advantage observed in airway diseases characterised by pulmonary edema such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Airway surface liquid hypersecretion and alveolar flooding are hallmarks of ARDS and COVID-19, and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severe forms of these diseases. ASL dynamics encompasses the intrinsic features of the thin lining of fluid covering the airway epithelium which regulate mucociliary clearance (ciliary beat, ASL height, volume, pH, viscosity, mucins, and channel activating proteases) in addition to innate defence mechanisms (pathogen virulence, cytokines, defensins, specialised pro-resolution lipid mediators, and metabolism). Estrogen regulation of ASL dynamics contributing to biological sex differences in CF, asthma and COVID-19 is a major focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, RCSI ERC, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leoni Swart A, Laventie BJ, Sütterlin R, Junne T, Lauer L, Manfredi P, Jakonia S, Yu X, Karagkiozi E, Okujava R, Jenal U. Pseudomonas aeruginosa breaches respiratory epithelia through goblet cell invasion in a microtissue model. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1725-1737. [PMID: 38858595 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia, causes infections with up to 50% mortality rates in mechanically ventilated patients. Despite some knowledge of virulence factors involved, it remains unclear how P. aeruginosa disseminates on mucosal surfaces and invades the tissue barrier. Using infection of human respiratory epithelium organoids, here we observed that P. aeruginosa colonization of apical surfaces is promoted by cyclic di-GMP-dependent asymmetric division. Infection with mutant strains revealed that Type 6 Secretion System activities promote preferential invasion of goblet cells. Type 3 Secretion System activity by intracellular bacteria induced goblet cell death and expulsion, leading to epithelial rupture which increased bacterial translocation and dissemination to the basolateral epithelium. These findings show that under physiological conditions, P. aeruginosa uses coordinated activity of a specific combination of virulence factors and behaviours to invade goblet cells and breach the epithelial barrier from within, revealing mechanistic insight into lung infection dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tina Junne
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Lauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xiao Yu
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evdoxia Karagkiozi
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rusudan Okujava
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee RJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Akt activator SC79 stimulates antibacterial nitric oxide generation in human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:1147-1162. [PMID: 38197521 PMCID: PMC11219270 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Akt in nasal immunity is unstudied. Akt phosphorylates and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressed in epithelial ciliated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production by ciliated cells can have antibacterial and antiviral effects. Increasing nasal NO may be a useful antipathogen strategy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We previously showed that small-molecule Akt activator SC79 induces nasal cell NO production and suppresses IL-8 via the transcription factor Nrf-2. We hypothesized that SC79 NO production may additionally have antibacterial effects. METHODS NO production was measured using fluorescent dye DAF-FM. We tested effects of SC79 during co-culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with primary nasal epithelial cells, using CFU counting and live-dead staining to quantify bacterial killing. Pharmacology determined the mechanism of SC79-induced NO production and tested dependence on Akt. RESULTS SC79 induced dose-dependent, Akt-dependent NO production in nasal epithelial cells. The NO production required eNOS and Akt. The NO released into the airway surface liquid killed P. aeruginosa. No toxicity (LDH release) or inflammatory effects (IL8 transcription) were observed over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest multiple immune pathways are stimulated by SC79, with antipathogen effects. This in vitro pilot study suggests that a small-molecule Akt activator may have clinical utility in CRS or respiratory other infection settings, warranting future in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takada K, Orba Y, Kida Y, Wu J, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Nakagawa S, Sawa H, Watanabe T. Genes involved in the limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory airways of hamsters may be associated with adaptive evolution. J Virol 2024; 98:e0178423. [PMID: 38624229 PMCID: PMC11092350 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01784-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel respiratory viruses can cause a pandemic and then evolve to coexist with humans. The Omicron strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are now established in human society. Compared to previous strains, Omicron is markedly less invasive in the lungs and causes less severe disease. One reason for this is that humans are acquiring immunity through previous infection and vaccination, but the nature of the virus itself is also changing. Using our newly established low-volume inoculation system, which reflects natural human infection, we show that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain. Furthermore, by characterizing chimeric viruses with the Omicron gene in the Wuhan strain genetic background and vice versa, we found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a, but not the S gene, were responsible for the limited spread of the Omicron strain in the lower airways of the virus-infected hamsters. Moreover, molecular evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (M and E genes). Our findings provide insight into the adaptive evolution of the virus in humans during the pandemic convergence phase.IMPORTANCEThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are established in human society. Compared to previous strains, the Omicron strain is less invasive in the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, and causes less severe disease; however, the mechanistic basis for its restricted replication in the lower airways is poorly understood. In this study, using a newly established low-volume inoculation system that reflects natural human infection, we demonstrated that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain and found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a are responsible for replication restriction in the lower respiratory tract of Omicron-infected hamsters. Furthermore, we detected a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (especially the M and E genes) in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these genes may undergo adaptive changes in humans.
Collapse
Grants
- 16H06429, 16K21723, 16H06434, JP22H02521 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21H02736 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP16K21723, JP16H06432 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 22K15469, 21J01036 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20fk0108281, JP19fk0108113, JP20pc0101047 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20fk0108401, JP21fk0108493 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP23wm0125008, JP223fa627005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP19fk018113, JP223fa627002h, 22gm1610010h0001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JPMJMS2025 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- JPMJCR20H6 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Takeda Science Foundation (TSF)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yurie Kida
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sannathimmappa MB, Marimuthu Y, Al Subhi SMMS, Al Bathari FAMB, Al Balushi MIA, Al Ghammari SIR, Al-Risi ES, Al-Maqbali S, Nambiar V, Al-Shafaee M. Incidence of secondary bacterial infections and risk factors for in-hospital mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 subjects admitted to secondary care hospital: A single-center cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2024; 14:94-100. [PMID: 39005973 PMCID: PMC11245142 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_71_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to determine the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility. The study also sought to identify risk factors for the outcome of SBIs in COVID-19 subjects. Methods This single-center cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at Sohar Hospital in Oman. The study examined hospitalized COVID-19 subjects diagnosed with SBIs during March 2020-December 2022. The relevant subjects' data were extracted from hospital electronic health records and analyzed using STATA version 14. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was employed for analyzing categorical variables, and P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results The research encompassed a total of 817 bacteria recovered from various clinical samples of 421 subjects. The older individuals (39.4%) and men (65.6%) experienced bacterial infections more frequently, with bloodstream and respiratory infections being the most common. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were responsible for a higher proportion (85.6%) of infections, with Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens. Subjects who underwent mechanical ventilation, received corticosteroid therapy, and who had underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes and chronic renal disease, were found to have higher mortality rates. Neutrophilia, elevated C-reactive protein, lymphocytopenia, decreased serum albumin level, sepsis, and pneumonia were found to be independent contributors to mortality. Conclusions SBI is common among COVID-19-hospitalized subjects. GNB were primarily linked to SBI. The severity and the likelihood of SBI increased in subjects undergoing medical interventions and immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Bilikallahalli Sannathimmappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| | - Yamini Marimuthu
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mariya Ibrahim Ahmed Al Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| | - Sara Ibrahim Rashid Al Ghammari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| | | | | | - Vinod Nambiar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| | - Mohammad Al-Shafaee
- Dean, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Zhang C, Huang Y, Ma Y, Song Q, Chen H, Jiang G, Gao X. Intranasal drug delivery: The interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115196. [PMID: 38336090 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery provides a direct and non-invasive method for drugs to reach the central nervous system. Nanoparticles play a crucial role as carriers in augmenting the efficacy of brain delivery. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway and how the various biopharmaceutical factors affect brain delivery efficacy remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nose-to-brain pathway and the obstacles that hinder brain delivery. We then outlined the interaction between nanoparticles and this pathway and reviewed the biomedical applications of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for nose-to-brain drug delivery. This review aims at inspiring innovative approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of nose-to-brain drug delivery in the treatment of different brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yudhawati R, Wicaksono NF. Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:761. [PMID: 38672119 PMCID: PMC11048665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is reported as one of the infectious diseases that leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system is the first line of defence against microbial invasion; however, its dysregulation during infection, resulting in an increased pathogen load, stimulates the over-secretion of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon causes damage to the epithelial-endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveoli and the leakage of the intravascular protein into the alveolar lumen. Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antimicrobial agents with immunomodulatory properties that can inhibit bacterial proliferation as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. It has been demonstrated that the structure of fluoroquinolones, particularly those with a cyclopropyl group, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Its capability to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity leads to the accumulation of intracellular cAMP, which subsequently enhances PKA activity, resulting in the inhibition of transcriptional factor NF-κB and the activation of CREB. Another mechanism reported is the inhibition of TLR and ERK signalling pathways. Although the sequence of events has not been completely understood, significant progress has been made in comprehending the specific mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of fluoroquinolones. Here, we review the indirect immunomodulatory effects of FQs as an alternative to empirical therapy in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jain A, Kim BR, Yu W, Moninger TO, Karp PH, Wagner BA, Welsh MJ. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins protect human airway epithelial ciliated cells from oxidative damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318771121. [PMID: 38416686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318771121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical cilia on epithelial cells defend the lung by propelling pathogens and particulates out of the respiratory airways. Ciliated cells produce ATP that powers cilia beating by densely grouping mitochondria just beneath the apical membrane. However, this efficient localization comes at a cost because electrons leaked during oxidative phosphorylation react with molecular oxygen to form superoxide, and thus, the cluster of mitochondria creates a hotspot for oxidant production. The relatively high oxygen concentration overlying airway epithelia further intensifies the risk of generating superoxide. Thus, airway ciliated cells face a unique challenge of producing harmful levels of oxidants. However, surprisingly, highly ciliated epithelia produce less reactive oxygen species (ROS) than epithelia with few ciliated cells. Compared to other airway cell types, ciliated cells express high levels of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP5. These proteins decrease mitochondrial protonmotive force and thereby reduce production of ROS. As a result, lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidant injury, decreases. However, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins exact a price for decreasing oxidant production; they decrease the fraction of mitochondrial respiration that generates ATP. These findings indicate that ciliated cells sacrifice mitochondrial efficiency in exchange for safety from damaging oxidation. Employing uncoupling proteins to prevent oxidant production, instead of relying solely on antioxidants to decrease postproduction oxidant levels, may offer an advantage for targeting a local area of intense ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Thomas O Moninger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Philip H Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu LY, Lee HM, Burke A, Li Bassi G, Torres A, Fraser JF, Fanning JP. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcome of Influenza-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest 2024; 165:540-558. [PMID: 37742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) increasingly is being reported in critically ill patients. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of IAPA. STUDY QUESTION What are the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of IAPA in critically ill patients? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Studies reporting IAPA were searched in the following databases: PubMed MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We performed one-group meta-analysis on risk factors, clinical features, morbidity, and mortality using random effects models. RESULTS We included 10 observational studies with 1,720 critically ill patients with influenza, resulting in an IAPA prevalence of 19.2% (331 of 1,720). Patients who had undergone organ transplantation (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.7-13.8; I2 = 45%), harbored a hematogenous malignancy (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.1; I2 = 0%), were immunocompromised (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6-3.1; I2 = 0%), and underwent prolonged corticosteroid use before admission (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.3; I2 = 51%) were found to be at a higher risk of IAPA developing. Commonly reported clinical and imaging features were not particularly associated with IAPA. However, IAPA was associated with more severe disease progression, a higher complication rate, and longer ICU stays and required more organ supports. Overall, IAPA was associated with a significantly elevated ICU mortality rate (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8-3.8; I2 = 0%). INTERPRETATION IAPA is a common complication of severe influenza and is associated with increased mortality. Early diagnosis of IAPA and initiation of antifungal treatment are essential, and future research should focus on developing a clinical algorithm. TRIAL REGISTRY International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; No.: CRD42022284536; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Y Lu
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
| | - Hui Min Lee
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Burke
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
| | - Antoni Torres
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, ICREA, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathon P Fanning
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia; The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Hao Y, Yin Y, Hou Y, Han N, Liu Y, Li Z, Wei Y, Ma K, Gu J, Ma Y, Qi H, Jia Z. Lianhua Qingke Preserves Mucociliary Clearance in Rat with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Maintaining Ciliated Cells Proportion and Protecting Structural Integrity and Beat Function of Cilia. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:403-418. [PMID: 38343495 PMCID: PMC10859105 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s436323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is a sudden worsening of symptoms in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as cough, increased sputum volume, and sputum purulence. COPD and AECOPD are characterized by damage to cilia and increased mucus secretion. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) functions as part of the primary innate system of the lung to remove harmful particles and pathogens together with airway mucus and is therefore crucial for patients with COPD. Methods AECOPD was induced by cigarette smoke exposure (80 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation (200 μg, on days 1, 14, and 84). Rats administered Lianhua Qingke (LHQK) (0.367, 0.732, and 1.465 g/kg/d) or Eucalyptol, Limonene, and Pinene Enteric Soft Capsules (ELP, 0.3 g/kg/d) intragastrically. Pulmonary pathology, Muc5ac+ goblet cell and β-tubulin IV+ ciliated cells, and mRNA levels of forkhead box J1 (Foxj1) and multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein (MCIDAS) were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Ciliary morphology and ultrastructure were examined through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was recorded using a high-speed camera. Results Compared to the model group, LHQK treatment groups showed a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly reduced goblet cell and increased ciliated cell proportion. LHQK significantly upregulated mRNA levels of MCIDAS and Foxj1, indicating promoted ciliated cell differentiation. LHQK protected ciliary structure and maintained ciliary function via increasing the ciliary length and density, reducing ciliary ultrastructure damage, and ameliorating random ciliary oscillations, consequently enhancing CBF. Conclusion LHQK enhances the MCC capability of ciliated cells in rat with AECOPD by preserving the structural integrity and beating function of cilia, indicating its therapeutic potential on promoting sputum expulsion in patients with AECOPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Hao
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yin
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Qi
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050091, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harvey BJ. Molecular mechanisms of dexamethasone actions in COVID-19: Ion channels and airway surface liquid dynamics. Steroids 2024; 202:109348. [PMID: 38049079 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health crisis of unprecedented magnitude. In the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, dexamethasone, a widely used corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a promising therapy in the fight against severe COVID-19. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that exerts its therapeutic effects by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. In the context of COVID-19, the severe form of the disease is often characterized by a hyperactive immune response, known as a cytokine storm. Dexamethasone anti-inflammatory properties make it a potent tool in modulating this exaggerated immune response. Lung inflammation may lead to excessive fluid accumulation in the airways which can reduce gas exchange and mucociliary clearance. Pulmonary oedema and flooding of the airways are hallmarks of severe COVID-19 lung disease. The volume of airway surface liquid is determined by a delicate balance of salt and water secretion and absorption across the airway epithelium. In addition to its anti-inflammatory actions, dexamethasone modulates the activity of ion channels which regulate electrolyte and water transport across the airway epithelium. The observations of dexamethasone activation of sodium ion absorption via ENaC Na+ channels and inhibition of chloride ion secretion via CFTR Cl- channels to decrease airway surface liquid volume indicate a novel therapeutic action of the glucocorticoid to reverse airway flooding. This brief review delves into the early non-genomic and late genomic signaling mechanisms of dexamethasone regulation of ion channels and airway surface liquid dynamics, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the action of the glucocorticoid in managing COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dawoodi S, Rizvi SAA, Zaidi AK. Innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:127-154. [PMID: 38237984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the recognition, activation, and evasion strategies employed by the virus. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the early defense against viral infections, and understanding its response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for developing effective therapeutic approaches. The chapter begins by explaining the basics of the innate immune system, including its components and salient features. It discusses the various pattern recognition receptors involved in recognizing SARS-CoV-2, such as toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and other cytosolic sensors. The binding and entry of the virus into host cells and subsequent activation of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and ILCs, are explored. Furthermore, the secretion of key cytokines and chemokines, including type I interferons, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha, is discussed as part of the innate immune response. The concept of PANoptosis, involving programmed cell death mechanisms, is introduced as a significant aspect of the response to SARS-CoV-2. The chapter also addresses the innate immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2, which allow the virus to evade or subvert the host immune response, contributing to viral persistence. Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing targeted therapies against the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Dawoodi
- Anaesthesiologist, University Hospitals Birmingham and NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Syed A A Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, Florida, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mochan E, Sego TJ. Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2974. [PMID: 38138118 PMCID: PMC10745501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections represent a substantial global health challenge and are often accompanied by coinfections involving secondary viruses or bacteria, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. The clinical impact of coinfections remains poorly understood, with conflicting findings regarding fatality. Isolating the impact of each pathogen and mechanisms of pathogen synergy during coinfections is challenging and further complicated by host and pathogen variability and experimental conditions. Factors such as cytokine dysregulation, immune cell function alterations, mucociliary dysfunction, and changes to the respiratory tract epithelium have been identified as contributors to increased lethality. The relative significance of these factors depends on variables such as pathogen types, infection timing, sequence, and inoculum size. Mathematical biological modeling can play a pivotal role in shedding light on the mechanisms of coinfections. Mathematical modeling enables the quantification of aspects of the intra-host immune response that are difficult to assess experimentally. In this narrative review, we highlight important mechanisms of IAV coinfection with bacterial and viral pathogens and survey mathematical models of coinfection and the insights gained from them. We discuss current challenges and limitations facing coinfection modeling, as well as current trends and future directions toward a complete understanding of coinfection using mathematical modeling and computer simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Mochan
- Department of Computational and Chemical Sciences, Carlow University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T. J. Sego
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonzalez-Rubio J, Le-Trilling VTK, Baumann L, Cheremkhina M, Kubiza H, Luengen AE, Reuter S, Taube C, Ruetten S, Duarte Campos D, Cornelissen CG, Trilling M, Thiebes AL. SARS-CoV-2 particles promote airway epithelial differentiation and ciliation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1268782. [PMID: 38026867 PMCID: PMC10654538 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, enters the human body via the epithelial cells of the airway tract. To trap and eject pathogens, the airway epithelium is composed of ciliated and secretory cells that produce mucus which is expelled through a process called mucociliary clearance. Methods: This study examines the early stages of contact between SARS-CoV-2 particles and the respiratory epithelium, utilizing 3D airway tri-culture models exposed to ultraviolet light-irradiated virus particles. These cultures are composed of human endothelial cells and human tracheal mesenchymal cells in a fibrin hydrogel matrix covered by mucociliated human tracheal epithelial cells. Results: We found that SARS-CoV-2 particles trigger a significant increase in ciliation on the epithelial surface instructed through a differentiation of club cells and basal stem cells. The contact with SARS-CoV-2 particles also provoked a loss of cell-cell tight junctions and impaired the barrier integrity. Further immunofluorescence analyses revealed an increase in FOXJ1 expression and PAK1/2 phosphorylation associated with particle-induced ciliation. Discussion: An understanding of epithelial responses to virus particles may be instrumental to prevent or treat respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lea Baumann
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Cheremkhina
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Kubiza
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja E. Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruetten
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Duarte Campos
- Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chegini Z, Noei M, Hemmati J, Arabestani MR, Shariati A. The destruction of mucosal barriers, epithelial remodeling, and impaired mucociliary clearance: possible pathogenic mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:306. [PMID: 37904180 PMCID: PMC10614382 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a pathological condition characterized by persistent inflammation in the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses. The epithelium serves as the first line of defense against potential threats and protects the nasal mucosa. The fundamental mechanical barrier is formed by the cell-cell contact and mucociliary clearance (MCC) systems. The physical-mechanical barrier is comprised of many cellular structures, including adhesion junctions and tight junctions (TJs). To this end, different factors, such as the dysfunction of MCC, destruction of epithelial barriers, and tissue remodeling, are related to the onset and development of CRS. Recently published studies reported the critical role of different microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the induction of the mentioned factors. Bacteria could result in diminished ciliary stimulation capacity, and enhance the chance of CRS by reducing basal ciliary beat frequency. Additionally, bacterial exoproteins have been demonstrated to disrupt the epithelial barrier and induce downregulation of transmembrane proteins such as occludin, claudin, and tricellulin. Moreover, bacteria exert an influence on TJ proteins, leading to an increase in the permeability of polarized epithelial cells. Noteworthy, it is evident that the activation of TLR2 by staphylococcal enterotoxin can potentially undermine the structural integrity of TJs and the epithelial barrier through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this article is an attempt to investigate the possible role of the most important microorganisms associated with CRS and their pathogenic mechanisms against mucosal surfaces and epithelial barriers in the paranasal sinuses. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Milad Noei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Hemmati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mushebenge AGA, Ugbaja SC, Mbatha NA, B. Khan R, Kumalo HM. Assessing the Potential Contribution of In Silico Studies in Discovering Drug Candidates That Interact with Various SARS-CoV-2 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15518. [PMID: 37958503 PMCID: PMC10647470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred intense research efforts to identify effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2. In silico studies have emerged as a powerful tool in the drug discovery process, particularly in the search for drug candidates that interact with various SARS-CoV-2 receptors. These studies involve the use of computer simulations and computational algorithms to predict the potential interaction of drug candidates with target receptors. The primary receptors targeted by drug candidates include the RNA polymerase, main protease, spike protein, ACE2 receptor, and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In silico studies have identified several promising drug candidates, including Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ribavirin, Ivermectin, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Camostat Mesylate, among others. The use of in silico studies offers several advantages, including the ability to screen a large number of drug candidates in a relatively short amount of time, thereby reducing the time and cost involved in traditional drug discovery methods. Additionally, in silico studies allow for the prediction of the binding affinity of the drug candidates to target receptors, providing insight into their potential efficacy. This study is aimed at assessing the useful contributions of the application of computational instruments in the discovery of receptors targeted in SARS-CoV-2. It further highlights some identified advantages and limitations of these studies, thereby revealing some complementary experimental validation to ensure the efficacy and safety of identified drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aganze Gloire-Aimé Mushebenge
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Samuel Chima Ugbaja
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rene B. Khan
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gwanya H, Cawe S, Egbichi I, Gxaba N, Mbuyiswa AA, Zonyane S, Mbolekwa B, Manganyi MC. Bowiea volubilis: From "Climbing Onion" to Therapeutic Treasure-Exploring Human Health Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2081. [PMID: 37895462 PMCID: PMC10608581 DOI: 10.3390/life13102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bowiea volubilis subsp. volubilis is primarily used to address human respiratory infections, coughs, and colds due to its diverse pharmaceutical properties. Notably, the plant contains alkaloids that exhibit notable antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, the presence of saponins, with recognized antioxidant and anticancer attributes, further contributes to its medicinal potential. Steroid compounds inherent to the plant have been associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Moreover, the bulb of B. volubilis has been associated as a source of various cardiac glycosides. Despite these therapeutic prospects, B. volubilis remains inedible due to the presence of naturally occurring toxic substances that pose risks to both animals and humans. The review focuses on a comprehensive exploration concerning B. volubilis ethnobotanical applications, phytochemical properties, and diverse biological activities in relation to in vitro and in vivo applications for promoting human health and disease prevention. The aim of the study is to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and potential medicinal properties of Bowiea volubilis, with the ultimate goal of uncovering its therapeutic applications for human health. This review also highlights an evident gap in research, i.e., insufficient evidence-based research on toxicity data. This void in knowledge presents a promising avenue for future investigations, opening doors to expanded inquiries into the properties and potential applications of B. volubilis in the context of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Madira C. Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Botany Section, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (H.G.); (S.C.); (I.E.); (N.G.); (A.-A.M.); (S.Z.); (B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nashihah AK, Muhammad Firdaus FI, Fauzi MB, Mobarak NN, Lokanathan Y. Role of Biomaterials in the Development of Epithelial Support in 3D In Vitro Airway Epithelium Development: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14935. [PMID: 37834382 PMCID: PMC10573735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have a major impact on global health. The airway epithelium, which acts as a frontline defence, is one of the most common targets for inhaled allergens, irritants, or micro-organisms to enter the respiratory system. In the tissue engineering field, biomaterials play a crucial role. Due to the continuing high impact of respiratory diseases on society and the emergence of new respiratory viruses, in vitro airway epithelial models with high microphysiological similarities that are also easily adjustable to replicate disease models are urgently needed to better understand those diseases. Thus, the development of biomaterial scaffolds for the airway epithelium is important due to their function as a cell-support device in which cells are seeded in vitro and then are encouraged to lay down a matrix to form the foundations of a tissue for transplantation. Studies conducted in in vitro models are necessary because they accelerate the development of new treatments. Moreover, in comparatively controlled conditions, in vitro models allow for the stimulation of complex interactions between cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Based on recent studies, the biomaterial scaffolds that have been tested in in vitro models appear to be viable options for repairing the airway epithelium and avoiding any complications. This review discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in in vitro airway epithelium models. The effects of scaffold, physicochemical, and mechanical properties in recent studies were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Karim Nashihah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fairuz Izan Muhammad Firdaus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Mh. Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klabunde B, Wesener A, Bertrams W, Beinborn I, Paczia N, Surmann K, Blankenburg S, Wilhelm J, Serrania J, Knoops K, Elsayed EM, Laakmann K, Jung AL, Kirschbaum A, Hammerschmidt S, Alshaar B, Gisch N, Abu Mraheil M, Becker A, Völker U, Vollmeister E, Benedikter BJ, Schmeck B. NAD + metabolism is a key modulator of bacterial respiratory epithelial infections. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5818. [PMID: 37783679 PMCID: PMC10545792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) are a leading cause of death globally. Here we investigate the bronchial epithelial cellular response to Spn infection on a transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic level. We found the NAD+ salvage pathway to be dysregulated upon infection in a cell line model, primary human lung tissue and in vivo in rodents, leading to a reduced production of NAD+. Knockdown of NAD+ salvage enzymes (NAMPT, NMNAT1) increased bacterial replication. NAD+ treatment of Spn inhibited its growth while growth of other respiratory pathogens improved. Boosting NAD+ production increased NAD+ levels in immortalized and primary cells and decreased bacterial replication upon infection. NAD+ treatment of Spn dysregulated the bacterial metabolism and reduced intrabacterial ATP. Enhancing the bacterial ATP metabolism abolished the antibacterial effect of NAD+. Thus, we identified the NAD+ salvage pathway as an antibacterial pathway in Spn infections, predicting an antibacterial mechanism of NAD+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Klabunde
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - André Wesener
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Beinborn
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Paczia
- Core Facility for Metabolomics and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Blankenburg
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Javier Serrania
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eslam M Elsayed
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Katrin Laakmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschbaum
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Belal Alshaar
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anke Becker
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany.
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Member of the German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pinheiro da Silva F, Gonçalves ANA, Duarte‐Neto AN, Dias TL, Barbeiro HV, Breda CNS, Breda LCD, Câmara NOS, Nakaya HI. Transcriptome analysis of six tissues obtained post-mortem from sepsis patients. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3157-3167. [PMID: 37731199 PMCID: PMC10568675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by a robust immune inflammatory response to disseminated infection. Little is known about its impact on the transcriptome of distinct human tissues. To address this, we performed RNA sequencing of samples from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, heart, lung, kidney and colon of seven individuals who succumbed to sepsis and seven uninfected controls. We identified that the lungs and colon were the most affected organs. While gene activation dominated, strong inhibitory signals were also detected, particularly in the lungs. We found that septic shock is an extremely heterogeneous disease, not only when different individuals are investigated, but also when comparing different tissues of the same patient. However, several pathways, such as respiratory electron transport and other metabolic functions, revealed distinctive alterations, providing evidence that tissue specificity is a hallmark of sepsis. Strikingly, we found evident signals of accelerated ageing in our sepsis population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agac A, Kolbe SM, Ludlow M, Osterhaus ADME, Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF. Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1999. [PMID: 37896776 PMCID: PMC10611157 DOI: 10.3390/v15101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.); (S.M.K.); (M.L.); (A.D.M.E.O.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith M, Meliopoulos V, Tan S, Bub T, Brigleb PH, Sharp B, Crawford JC, Prater MS, Pruett-Miller SM, Schultz-Cherry S. The β6 Integrin Negatively Regulates TLR7-Mediated Epithelial Immunity via Autophagy During Influenza A Virus Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555098. [PMID: 37693589 PMCID: PMC10491108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are essential surface receptors that sense extracellular changes to initiate various intracellular signaling cascades. The rapid activation of the epithelial-intrinsic β6 integrin during influenza A virus (IAV) infection has been linked to innate immune impairments. Yet, how β6 regulates epithelial immunity remains undefined. Here, we identify the role of β6 in mediating the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) through the regulation of intracellular trafficking. We demonstrate that deletion of the β6 integrin in lung epithelial cells significantly enhances the TLR7-mediated activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response during homeostasis and respiratory infection. IAV-induced β6 facilitates TLR7 trafficking to lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2a) components, leading to a reduction in endosomal compartments and associated TLR7 signaling. Our findings reveal an unappreciated role of β6-induced autophagy in influencing epithelial immune responses during influenza virus infection.
Collapse
|
23
|
Salve BG, Kurian AM, Vijay N. Concurrent loss of ciliary genes WDR93 and CFAP46 in phylogenetically distant birds. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230801. [PMID: 37621660 PMCID: PMC10445033 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is the primary route of infection for many contagious pathogens. Mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens is an important innate defence mechanism sustained by the rhythmic movement of epithelial cilia. To counter host defences, viral pathogens target epithelial cells and cilia. For instance, the avian influenza virus that targets ciliated cells modulates the expression of WDR93, a central ciliary apparatus C1d projection component. Lineage-specific prevalence of such host defence genes results in differential susceptibility. In this study, the comparative analysis of approximately 500 vertebrate genomes from seven taxonomic classes spanning 73 orders confirms the widespread conservation of WDR93 across these different vertebrate groups. However, we established loss of the WDR93 in landfowl, geese and other phylogenetically independent bird species due to gene-disrupting changes. The lack of WDR93 transcripts in species with gene loss in contrast to its expression in species with an intact gene confirms gene loss. Notably, species with WDR93 loss have concurrently lost another C1d component, CFAP46, through large segmental deletions. Understanding the consequences of such gene loss may provide insight into their role in host-pathogen interactions and benefit global pathogen surveillance efforts by prioritizing species missing host defence genes and identifying putative zoonotic reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhabhushan Girish Salve
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amia Miriam Kurian
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagarjun Vijay
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Britt RD, Ruwanpathirana A, Ford ML, Lewis BW. Macrophages Orchestrate Airway Inflammation, Remodeling, and Resolution in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10451. [PMID: 37445635 PMCID: PMC10341920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory lung disease with endotypes that manifest different immune system profiles, severity, and responses to current therapies. Regardless of endotype, asthma features increased immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine release, and airway remodeling. Lung macrophages are also heterogenous in that there are separate subsets and, depending on the environment, different effector functions. Lung macrophages are important in recruitment of immune cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes that enhance allergic inflammation and initiate T helper cell responses. Persistent lung remodeling including mucus hypersecretion, increased airway smooth muscle mass, and airway fibrosis contributes to progressive lung function decline that is insensitive to current asthma treatments. Macrophages secrete inflammatory mediators that induce airway inflammation and remodeling. Additionally, lung macrophages are instrumental in protecting against pathogens and play a critical role in resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This review summarizes current literature detailing the roles and existing knowledge gaps for macrophages as key inflammatory orchestrators in asthma pathogenesis. We also raise the idea that modulating inflammatory responses in lung macrophages is important for alleviating asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anushka Ruwanpathirana
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Maria L. Ford
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brandon W. Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (R.D.B.J.); (A.R.); (M.L.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huijghebaert S, Parviz S, Rabago D, Baxter A, Chatterjee U, Khan FR, Fabbris C, Poulas K, Hsu S. Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161881. [PMID: 37397736 PMCID: PMC10312243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional COVID-19 mitigation strategies are needed. Oral and nasal saline irrigation (SI) is a traditional approach for respiratory infections/diseases. As a multidisciplinary network with expertise/experience with saline, we conducted a narrative review to examine mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes associated with nasal SI, gargling, spray, or nebulization in COVID-19. SI was found to reduce SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal loads and hasten viral clearance. Other mechanisms may involve inhibition of viral replication, bioaerosol reduction, improved mucociliary clearance, modulation of ENaC, and neutrophil responses. Prophylaxis was documented adjunctive to personal protective equipment. COVID-19 patients experienced significant symptom relief, while overall data suggest lower hospitalization risk. We found no harm and hence recommend SI use, as safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-use hygiene measure, complementary to hand washing or mask-wearing. In view of mainly small studies, large well-controlled or surveillance studies can help to further validate the outcomes and to implement its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehzad Parviz
- Medstar Health, Brooke Grove Rehabilitation Village, Sandy Spring, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease, Adventist Healthcare, White Oak Medical Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David Rabago
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Amy Baxter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Uday Chatterjee
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Park Medical Research and Welfare Society, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Stephen Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kouakou YI, Lee RJ. Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37317269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to "eavesdrop" on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yobouet Ines Kouakou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumar P, Singh AB, Arora T, Singh S, Singh R. Critical review on emerging health effects associated with the indoor air quality and its sustainable management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162163. [PMID: 36781134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the fundamental elements affecting people's health and well-being. Currently, there is a lack of awareness among people about the quantification, identification, and possible health effects of IAQ. Airborne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NO), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) microbial spores, pollen, allergens, etc. primarily contribute to IAQ deterioration. This review discusses the sources of major indoor air pollutants, molecular toxicity mechanisms, and their effects on cardiovascular, ocular, neurological, women, and foetal health. Additionally, contemporary strategies and sustainable methods for regulating and reducing pollutant concentrations are emphasized, and current initiatives to address and enhance IAQ are explored, along with their unique advantages and potentials. Due to their longer exposure times and particular physical characteristics, women and children are more at risk for poor indoor air quality. By triggering many toxicity mechanisms, including oxidative stress, DNA methylation, epigenetic modifications, and gene activation, indoor air pollution can cause a range of health issues. Low birth weight, acute lower respiratory tract infections, Sick building syndromes (SBS), and early death are more prevalent in exposed residents. On the other hand, the main causes of incapacity and early mortality are lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disorders. It's crucial to acknowledge anticipated research needs and implemented efficient interventions and policies to lower health hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 52, India
| | - A B Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road Campus, Delhi 07, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Maternal and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sevaram Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 52, India; Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chatziparasidis G, Kantar A, Grimwood K. Pathogenesis of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infections in chronic suppurative lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37133207 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a multilayered defense mechanism that relies upon mucociliary clearance and components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs from inhaled or aspirated microorganisms. One of these potential pathogens, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), adopts several, multifaceted redundant strategies to successfully colonize the lower airways and establish a persistent infection. NTHi can impair mucociliary clearance, express multiple multifunctional adhesins for various cell types within the respiratory tract and evade host defenses by surviving within and between cells, forming biofilms, increasing antigenic drift, secreting proteases and antioxidants, and by host-pathogen cross-talk, impair macrophage and neutrophil function. NTHi is recognized as an important pathogen in several chronic lower respiratory disorders, such as protracted bacterial bronchitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The persistence of NTHi in human airways, including its capacity to form biofilms, results in chronic infection and inflammation, which can ultimately injure airway wall structures. The complex nature of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms employed by NTHi is incompletely understood but improved understanding of its pathobiology will be important for developing effective therapies and vaccines, especially given the marked genetic heterogeneity of NTHi and its possession of phase-variable genes. Currently, no vaccine candidates are ready for large phase III clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Chatziparasidis
- Paediatric Respiratory Unit, IASO Hospital, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
- Faculty of Nursing, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, Bergamo, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsai M, Rayner RE, Chafin L, Farkas D, Adair J, Mishan C, Mallampalli RK, Kim SH, Cormet-Boyaka E, Londino JD. Influenza virus reduces ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH10 expression to decrease ciliary beat frequency. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L666-L676. [PMID: 36852930 PMCID: PMC10151042 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00191.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, such as influenza, decrease airway cilia function and expression, which leads to reduced mucociliary clearance and inhibited overall immune defense. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification using E3 ligases, which plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of cilia. We examined the role of membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ligases during influenza infection and determined that MARCH10, specifically expressed in ciliated epithelial cells, is significantly decreased during influenza infection in mice, human lung epithelial cells, and human lung tissue. Cellular depletion of MARCH10 in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a decrease in ciliary beat frequency. Furthermore, MARCH10 cellular knockdown in combination with influenza infection selectively decreased immunoreactive levels of the ciliary component, dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1. Cellular overexpression of MARCH10 significantly decreased influenza hemagglutinin protein levels in the differentiated HBECs and knockdown of MARCH10 increased IL-1β cytokine expression, whereas overexpression had the reciprocal effect. These findings suggest that MARCH10 may have a protective role in airway pulmonary host defense and innate immunity during influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MuChun Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jessica Adair
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Chelsea Mishan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - James D Londino
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maishan M, Sarma A, Chun LF, Caldera S, Fang X, Abbott J, Christenson SA, Langelier CR, Calfee CS, Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Aerosolized nicotine from e-cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1076772. [PMID: 36999019 PMCID: PMC10043316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1076772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has rapidly increased as an alternative means of nicotine delivery by heated aerosolization. Recent studies demonstrate nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols can have immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory effects, but it remains unclear how e-cigarettes and the constituents of e-liquids may impact acute lung injury and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pneumonia. Therefore, in these studies, mice were exposed one hour per day over nine consecutive days to aerosol generated by the clinically-relevant tank-style Aspire Nautilus aerosolizing e-liquid containing a mixture of vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol (VG/PG) with or without nicotine. Exposure to the nicotine-containing aerosol resulted in clinically-relevant levels of plasma cotinine, a nicotine-derived metabolite, and an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, CXCL1, and MCP-1 in the distal airspaces. Following the e-cigarette exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus (H1N1 PR8 strain). Exposure to aerosols generated from VG/PG with and without nicotine caused greater influenza-induced production in the distal airspaces of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and MCP-1 at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). Compared to the aerosolized carrier VG/PG, in mice exposed to aerosolized nicotine there was a significantly lower amount of Mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in the distal airspaces and significantly higher lung permeability to protein and viral load in lungs at 7 dpi with influenza. Additionally, nicotine caused relative downregulation of genes associated with ciliary function and fluid clearance and an increased expression of pro-inflammatory pathways at 7 dpi. These results show that (1) the e-liquid carrier VG/PG increases the pro-inflammatory immune responses to viral pneumonia and that (2) nicotine in an e-cigarette aerosol alters the transcriptomic response to pathogens, blunts host defense mechanisms, increases lung barrier permeability, and reduces viral clearance during influenza infection. In conclusion, acute exposure to aerosolized nicotine can impair clearance of viral infection and exacerbate lung injury, findings that have implications for the regulation of e-cigarette products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aartik Sarma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lauren F. Chun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Abbott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Gotts
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prescott RA, Pankow AP, de Vries M, Crosse K, Patel RS, Alu M, Loomis C, Torres V, Koralov S, Ivanova E, Dittmann M, Rosenberg BR. A comparative study of in vitro air-liquid interface culture models of the human airway epithelium evaluating cellular heterogeneity and gene expression at single cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.27.530299. [PMID: 36909601 PMCID: PMC10002689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is composed of diverse cell types with specialized functions that mediate homeostasis and protect against respiratory pathogens. Human airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface (HAE) are a physiologically relevant in vitro model of this heterogeneous tissue, enabling numerous studies of airway disease 1â€"7 . HAE cultures are classically derived from primary epithelial cells, the relatively limited passage capacity of which can limit experimental methods and study designs. BCi-NS1.1, a previously described and widely used basal cell line engineered to express hTERT, exhibits extended passage lifespan while retaining capacity for differentiation to HAE 5 . However, gene expression and innate immune function in HAE derived from BCi-NS1.1 versus primary cells have not been fully characterized. Here, combining single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), immunohistochemistry, and functional experimentation, we confirm at high resolution that BCi-NS1.1 and primary HAE cultures are largely similar in morphology, cell type composition, and overall transcriptional patterns. While we observed cell-type specific expression differences of several interferon stimulated genes in BCi-NS1.1 HAE cultures, we did not observe significant differences in susceptibility to infection with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus . Taken together, our results further support BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures as a valuable tool for the study of airway infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec P. Pankow
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Keaton Crosse
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Mark Alu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Victor Torres
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Sergei Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ellie Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Korkmaz FT, Traber KE. Innate immune responses in pneumonia. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36829255 PMCID: PMC9957695 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-023-00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are an immunologically unique environment; they are exposed to innumerable pathogens and particulate matter daily. Appropriate clearance of pathogens and response to pollutants is required to prevent overwhelming infection, while preventing tissue damage and maintaining efficient gas exchange. Broadly, the innate immune system is the collection of immediate, intrinsic immune responses to pathogen or tissue injury. In this review, we will examine the innate immune responses of the lung, with a particular focus on their role in pneumonia. We will discuss the anatomic barriers and antimicrobial proteins of the lung, pathogen and injury recognition, and the role of leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphocytes) and lung stromal cells in innate immunity. Throughout the review, we will focus on new findings in innate immunity as well as features that are unique to the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz T Korkmaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrina E Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takemoto K, Lomude LS, Takeno S, Kawasumi T, Okamoto Y, Hamamoto T, Ishino T, Ando Y, Ishikawa C, Ueda T. Functional Alteration and Differential Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Human Paranasal Sinus in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4499. [PMID: 36901926 PMCID: PMC10002785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) expressed in human sinonasal mucosae are known to elicit innate immune responses involving the release of nitric oxide (NO). We investigated the expression and distribution of two T2Rs, T2R14 and T2R38, in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and correlated the results with fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) levels and genotype of the T2R38 gene (TAS2R38). Using the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) phenotypic criteria, we identified CRS patients as either eosinophilic (ECRS, n = 36) or non-eosinophilic (non-ECRS, n = 56) patients and compared these groups with 51 non-CRS subjects. Mucosal specimens from the ethmoid sinus, nasal polyps, and inferior turbinate were collected from all subjects, together with blood samples, for RT-PCR analysis, immunostaining, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. We observed significant downregulation of T2R38 mRNA levels in the ethmoid mucosa of non-ECRS patients and in the nasal polyps of ECRS patients. No significant differences in T2R14 or T2R38 mRNA levels were found among the inferior turbinate mucosae of the three groups. Positive T2R38 immunoreactivity was localized mainly in epithelial ciliated cells, whereas secretary goblet cells generally showed lack of staining. The patients in the non-ECRS group showed significantly lower oral and nasal FeNO levels compared with the control group. There was a trend towards higher CRS prevalence in the PAV/AVI and AVI/AVI genotype groups as compared to the PAV/PAV group. Our findings reveal complex but important roles of T2R38 function in ciliated cells associated with specific CRS phenotypes, suggesting the T2R38 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for promotion of endogenous defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Promotes Persistence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia via Increased Adherence to Depolarized Respiratory Epithelium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0384622. [PMID: 36472421 PMCID: PMC9927254 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03846-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic respiratory pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). S. maltophilia is frequently observed in polymicrobial infections, and we have previously shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes colonization and persistence of S. maltophilia in mouse respiratory infections. In this study, we used host and bacterial RNA sequencing to further understand the molecular underpinnings of this interaction. To evaluate S. maltophilia transcript profiles, we used a recently described method for selective capture of bacterial mRNA transcripts with strain-specific RNA probes. We found that factors associated with the type IV pilus, including the histidine kinase subunit of a chemotactic two-component signaling system (chpA), had increased transcript levels during dual-species infection. Using immortalized CF respiratory epithelial cells, we found that infection with P. aeruginosa increases adherence of S. maltophilia, at least in part due to disruption of epithelial tight junctions. In contrast, an isogenic S. maltophilia chpA mutant strain lacked cooperative adherence to CF epithelia and decreased bacterial burden in vivo in dual-species infections with P. aeruginosa. Similarly, P. aeruginosa lacking elastase (lasB) failed to promote S. maltophilia adherence or bacterial colonization and persistence in vivo. Based on these results, we propose that disruption of lung tissue integrity by P. aeruginosa facilitates adherence of S. maltophilia to the lung epithelia, likely in a type IV pilus-dependent manner. These data lend insight into S. maltophilia colonization and persistence in people in later stages of CF disease and may have implications for interactions with other bacterial opportunists. IMPORTANCE Despite advances in treatment options for people with CF, complications of bacterial infections remain the greatest driver of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. These infections often involve more than one bacterial pathogen, and our understanding of how interspecies interactions impact disease progression is lacking. Previous work in our lab found that two CF pathogens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can work together in the lung to cause more severe infection. In the present study, we found that infection with P. aeruginosa promotes persistence of S. maltophilia by interfering with epithelial barrier integrity. Depolarization of the epithelial cell layer by P. aeruginosa-secreted elastase increased S. maltophilia adherence, likely in a type IV pilus-dependent manner. Ultimately, this work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms governing an important multispecies interaction seen in pulmonary diseases such as CF.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu CT, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, Cheng R, Lee IT, Nakayama T, Jiang S, He W, Demeter J, Knight MG, Turn RE, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Ye C, Chiem K, Shon J, Martinez-Sobrido L, Bertozzi CR, Nolan GP, Nayak JV, Milla C, Andino R, Jackson PK. SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming. Cell 2023; 186:112-130.e20. [PMID: 36580912 PMCID: PMC9715480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
How SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the airway barrier of mucus and periciliary mucins to infect nasal epithelium remains unclear. Using primary nasal epithelial organoid cultures, we found that the virus attaches to motile cilia via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 traverses the mucus layer, using motile cilia as tracks to access the cell body. Depleting cilia blocks infection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 progeny attach to airway microvilli 24 h post-infection and trigger formation of apically extended and highly branched microvilli that organize viral egress from the microvilli back into the mucus layer, supporting a model of virus dispersion throughout airway tissue via mucociliary transport. Phosphoproteomics and kinase inhibition reveal that microvillar remodeling is regulated by p21-activated kinases (PAK). Importantly, Omicron variants bind with higher affinity to motile cilia and show accelerated viral entry. Our work suggests that motile cilia, microvilli, and mucociliary-dependent mucus flow are critical for efficient virus replication in nasal epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Wu
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter V Lidsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yinghong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan T Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tsuguhisa Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei He
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janos Demeter
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miguel G Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E Turn
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura S Rojas-Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Milla
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Fu Y, Wu Y, Zhu T, Li H. Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis from the perspective of sinonasal epithelial dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139240. [PMID: 37138733 PMCID: PMC10149833 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome primarily characterized by long-term mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The pathogenesis of CRS is still unclear due to its high heterogeneity. A number of studies have recently focused on the sinonasal epithelium. Thus, there has been a quantum leap in awareness of the role of the sinonasal epithelium, which is now understood as an active functional organ rather than simply an inert mechanical barrier. Undoubtedly, epithelial dysfunction plays a vital role in the onset and development of CRS. Objective In this article, we discuss the potential contribution of sinonasal epithelium dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis and explore a few current and developing therapeutic options targeting the sinonasal epithelium. Results Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and an abnormal sinonasal epithelial barrier are usually considered to be the main causative factors in CRS. Epithelial-derived bioactive substances, such as cytokines, exosomes, and complements, play a vital role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to the pathophysiological alterations of CRS. The phenomena of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mucosal remodeling, and autophagy observed in CRS offer some novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, existing treatment options targeting disorder of sinonasal epithelium can help to relieve the main symptoms associated with CRS to some extent. Conclusion The presence of a normal epithelium is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis in the nasal and paranasal sinuses. Here, we describe various aspects of the sinonasal epithelium and highlight the contributions of epithelial dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis. Our review provides sound evidence of the need for in-depth study of the pathophysiological alterations of this disease and for the development of novel epithelium-targeting alternative treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiong He
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sailer SA, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides in Cilia Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:121-142. [PMID: 36988879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that can be found on virtually every cell. They appear as hair-like structures emanating from the cellular surface either as single or as bundles of cilia. There, they sense external stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals. Motile cilia beat for the generation of locomotion of unicellular organisms or fluid flow in certain body cavities of vertebrate organisms. Defects in cilia are detrimental and account for the development of ciliopathies, one of the fastest-growing family of afflictions. In the past decade, membrane lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides, have emerged as essential elements in both the signal transduction via cilia and the building of cilia itself. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of cholesterol and phosphoinositides on cilium biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen-Alexander Sailer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baldassarri M, Zguro K, Tomati V, Pastorino C, Fava F, Croci S, Bruttini M, Picchiotti N, Furini S, Pedemonte N, Gabbi C, Renieri A, Fallerini C. Gain- and Loss-of-Function CFTR Alleles Are Associated with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244096. [PMID: 36552859 PMCID: PMC9776607 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriers of single pathogenic variants of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and 14-day death. The machine learning post-Mendelian model pinpointed CFTR as a bidirectional modulator of COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the rare complex allele [G576V;R668C] is associated with a milder disease via a gain-of-function mechanism. Conversely, CFTR ultra-rare alleles with reduced function are associated with disease severity either alone (dominant disorder) or with another hypomorphic allele in the second chromosome (recessive disorder) with a global residual CFTR activity between 50 to 91%. Furthermore, we characterized novel CFTR complex alleles, including [A238V;F508del], [R74W;D1270N;V201M], [I1027T;F508del], [I506V;D1168G], and simple alleles, including R347C, F1052V, Y625N, I328V, K68E, A309D, A252T, G542*, V562I, R1066H, I506V, I807M, which lead to a reduced CFTR function and thus, to more severe COVID-19. In conclusion, CFTR genetic analysis is an important tool in identifying patients at risk of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Kristina Zguro
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomati
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Pastorino
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Picchiotti
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- University of Siena, DIISM-SAILAB, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-010-5636-3178 (N.P.); +39-0577-233303 (A.R.); Fax: +39-0577-233325 (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-010-5636-3178 (N.P.); +39-0577-233303 (A.R.); Fax: +39-0577-233325 (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nava A, Hahn AC, Wu TH, Byrd TF. Mice with lung airway ciliopathy develop persistent Mycobacterium abscessus lung infection and have a proinflammatory lung phenotype associated with decreased T regulatory cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017540. [PMID: 36505420 PMCID: PMC9732727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human pulmonary infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) such as Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) occurs in seemingly immunocompetent patients with underlying structural lung disease such as bronchiectasis in which normal ciliary function is perturbed. In addition to alterations in mucociliary clearance, the local immunologic milieu may be altered in patients with structural lung disease, but the nature of these changes and how they relate to NTM persistence remain unclear. Methods We used a mouse strain containing a conditional floxed allele of the gene IFT88, which encodes for the protein Polaris. Deletion of this gene in adult mice reportedly leads to loss of cilia on lung airway epithelium and to the development of bronchiectasis. In a series of experiments, IFT88 control mice and IFT88 KO mice received different preparations of Mabs lung inocula with lung CFU assessed out to approximately 8 weeks post-infection. In addition, cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung T cell subset analysis, and lung histopathology and morphometry were performed at various time points. Results Mabs embedded in agarose beads persisted in the lungs of IFT88 KO mice out to approximately 8 weeks (54 days), while Mabs agarose beads in the lungs of IFT88 control mice was cleared from the lungs of all mice at this time point. T cells subset analysis showed a decrease in the percentage of CD4+FoxP3+ T cells in the total lymphocyte population in the lungs of IFT88 KO mice relative to IFT88 control mice. Proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in the BAL fluid from infected IFT88 KO mice compared to infected IFT88 control mice, and histopathology showed an increased inflammatory response and greater numbers of granulomas in the lungs of infected IFT88 KO mice compared to the lungs of infected IFT88 control mice. Scanning lung morphometry did not show a significant difference comparing lung airway area and lung airway perimeter between IFT88 KO mice and IFT88 control mice. Discussion Persistent lung infection in our model was established using Mabs embedded in agarose beads. The utility of using IFT88 mice is that a significant difference in Mabs lung CFU is observed comparing IFT88 KO mice to IFT88 control mice thus allowing for studies assessing the mechanism(s) of Mabs lung persistence. Our finding of minimal differences in lung airway area and lung airway diameter comparing IFT88 KO mice to IFT88 control mice suggests that the development of a proinflammatory lung phenotype in IFT88 KO mice contributes to Mabs lung persistence independent of bronchiectasis. The contribution of cilia to immune regulation is increasingly recognized, and our results suggest that ciliopathy associated with structural lung disease may play a role in NTM pulmonary infection via alteration of the local immunologic lung milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nava
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, The University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrew C. Hahn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, The University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Terry H. Wu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, The University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas F. Byrd
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, The University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States,*Correspondence: Thomas F. Byrd,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-Nemrawi NK, Darweesh RS, Al-shriem LA, Al-Qawasmi FS, Emran SO, Khafajah AS, Abu-Dalo MA. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Inhaled Vaccines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204450. [PMID: 36298030 PMCID: PMC9607145 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies focus on the pulmonary delivery of vaccines as it is needle-free, safe, and effective. Inhaled vaccines enhance systemic and mucosal immunization but still faces many limitations that can be resolved using polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs). This review focuses on the use of properties of PNPs, specifically chitosan and PLGA to be used in the delivery of vaccines by inhalation. It also aims to highlight that PNPs have adjuvant properties by themselves that induce cellular and humeral immunogenicity. Further, different factors influence the behavior of PNP in vivo such as size, morphology, and charge are discussed. Finally, some of the primary challenges facing PNPs are reviewed including formulation instability, reproducibility, device-related factors, patient-related factors, and industrial-level scale-up. Herein, the most important variables of PNPs that shall be defined in any PNPs to be used for pulmonary delivery are defined. Further, this study focuses on the most popular polymers used for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusaiba K. Al-Nemrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-2-7201000 (ext. 26121)
| | - Ruba S. Darweesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Lubna A. Al-shriem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Farah S. Al-Qawasmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sereen O. Emran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Areej S. Khafajah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muna A. Abu-Dalo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gundlach KA, Nawroth J, Kanso E, Nasrin F, Ruby EG, McFall-Ngai M. Ciliated epithelia are key elements in the recruitment of bacterial partners in the squid-vibrio symbiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974213. [PMID: 36340026 PMCID: PMC9632347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, harvests its luminous symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, from the surrounding seawater within hours of hatching. During embryogenesis, the host animal develops a nascent light organ with ciliated fields on each lateral surface. We hypothesized that these fields function to increase the efficiency of symbiont colonization of host tissues. Within minutes of hatching from the egg, the host’s ciliated fields shed copious amounts of mucus in a non-specific response to bacterial surface molecules, specifically peptidoglycan (PGN), from the bacterioplankton in the surrounding seawater. Experimental manipulation of the system provided evidence that nitric oxide in the mucus drives an increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and exposure to even small numbers of V. fischeri cells for short periods resulted in an additional increase in CBF. These results indicate that the light-organ ciliated fields respond specifically, sensitively, and rapidly, to the presence of nonspecific PGN as well as symbiont cells in the ambient seawater. Notably, the study provides the first evidence that this induction of an increase in CBF occurs as part of a thus far undiscovered initial phase in colonization of the squid host by its symbiont, i.e., host recognition of V. fischeri cues in the environment within minutes. Using a biophysics-based mathematical analysis, we showed that this rapid induction of increased CBF, while accelerating bacterial advection, is unlikely to be signaled by V. fischeri cells interacting directly with the organ surface. These overall changes in CBF were shown to significantly impact the efficiency of V. fischeri colonization of the host organ. Further, once V. fischeri has fully colonized the host tissues, i.e., about 12–24 h after initial host-symbiont interactions, the symbionts drove an attenuation of mucus shedding from the ciliated fields, concomitant with an attenuation of the CBF. Taken together, these findings offer a window into the very first interactions of ciliated surfaces with their coevolved microbial partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A. Gundlach
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kanso
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Farzana Nasrin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Edward G. Ruby
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret McFall-Ngai,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Boateng E, Kovacevic D, Oldenburg V, Rådinger M, Krauss-Etschmann S. Role of airway epithelial cell miRNAs in asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:962693. [PMID: 36203653 PMCID: PMC9530201 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.962693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial cells and overlying layer of mucus are the first point of contact for particles entering the lung. The severity of environmental contributions to pulmonary disease initiation, progression, and exacerbation is largely determined by engagement with the airway epithelium. Despite the cellular cross-talk and cargo exchange in the microenvironment, epithelial cells produce miRNAs associated with the regulation of airway features in asthma. In line with this, there is evidence indicating miRNA alterations related to their multifunctional regulation of asthma features in the conducting airways. In this review, we discuss the cellular components and functions of the airway epithelium in asthma, miRNAs derived from epithelial cells in disease pathogenesis, and the cellular exchange of miRNA-bearing cargo in the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eistine Boateng
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Correspondence: Eistine Boateng
| | - Draginja Kovacevic
- DZL Laboratory for Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Vladimira Oldenburg
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- DZL Laboratory for Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Renshen Chishao Decoction Could Ameliorate the Acute Lung Injury but Could Not Reduce the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7784148. [PMID: 36072401 PMCID: PMC9444383 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7784148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acute lung injury (ALI) causes severe pulmonary diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. The Renshen and Chishao have protective and anti-inflammatory effects against the ALI. To explore the protective effects of the Renshen Chishao (RC) decoction against the ALI, we established the lipopolysaccharide-indued ALI model and randomly divided the mice into seven groups: control group, ALI group, high-dose RC group, middle-dose RC group, low-dose RC group, middle-dose RC group + CXCR2 antagonist group, and ALI + CXCR2 antagonist group. We estimated the lung injury by the hematoxylin and eosin staining, the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formations by the immunofluorescence colocalization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the CXCR2/CXCL2 pathway by the flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conducted the high-throughput sequencing and enrichment analyses to explore the potential mechanisms. The results showed that the RC decoction pathologically ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and inflammatory response but failed to reduce the circulating and lung tissue NETs formation and the blood neutrophil percent. The high-dose RC decoction increased the plasma CXCL2 level, but the RC decoction had no effects on the neutrophilic CXCR2 levels. Under the inhibition of the CXCR2, the middle-dose RC decoction still decreased the lung injury score but as yet had unobvious influence on the NETs formation. Other potential mechanisms of the RC decoction against the ALI involved the pathways of ribosome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the target genes of inflammatory factors, such as Ccl17, Cxcl17, Cd163, Cxcr5, and Il31ra, and lncRNAs; and the regulations of the respiratory cilia. In conclusion, the RC decoction pathologically ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammatory injury via upregulating the CXCL2/CXCR2 pathway but could not reduce the circulating or lung tissue NETs formation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Lian X, Scott-Thomas A, Lewis JG, Bhatia M, MacPherson SA, Zeng Y, Chambers ST. Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105563. [PMID: 35628374 PMCID: PMC9146623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of IA remain challenging. Given the broad range of non-specific clinical symptoms and the shortcomings of current diagnostic techniques, most patients are either diagnosed as “possible” or “probable” cases but not “proven”. Moreover, because of the lack of sensitive and specific tests, many high-risk patients receive an empirical therapy or a prolonged treatment of high-priced antifungal agents, leading to unnecessary adverse effects and a high risk of drug resistance. More precise diagnostic techniques alongside a targeted antifungal treatment are fundamental requirements for reducing the morbidity and mortality of IA. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity in targeting the corresponding antigen(s) may have the potential to improve diagnostic tests and form the basis for novel IA treatments. This review summarizes the up-to-date application of mAb-based approaches in assisting IA diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Lian
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Amy Scott-Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - John G. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sean A. MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Haematology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-364-0649
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Cilia and Basal Cell Homeostasis in the Respiratory Epithelium of Hamsters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095124. [PMID: 35563514 PMCID: PMC9102945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 targets the ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and compromises mucociliary clearance, thereby facilitating spread to the lungs and paving the way for secondary infections. A detailed understanding of mechanism involved in ciliary loss and subsequent regeneration is crucial to assess the possible long-term consequences of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to characterize the sequence of histological and ultrastructural changes observed in the ciliated epithelium during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the golden Syrian hamster model. We show that acute infection induces a severe, transient loss of cilia, which is, at least in part, caused by cilia internalization. Internalized cilia colocalize with membrane invaginations, facilitating virus entry into the cell. Infection also results in a progressive decline in cells expressing the regulator of ciliogenesis FOXJ1, which persists beyond virus clearance and the termination of inflammatory changes. Ciliary loss triggers the mobilization of p73+ and CK14+ basal cells, which ceases after regeneration of the cilia. Although ciliation is restored after two weeks despite the lack of FOXJ1, an increased frequency of cilia with ultrastructural alterations indicative of secondary ciliary dyskinesia is observed. In summary, the work provides new insights into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and expands our understanding of virally induced damage to defense mechanisms in the conducting airways.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ma C, Li S, Yang F, Cao W, Liu H, Feng T, Zhang K, Zhu Z, Liu X, Hu Y, Zheng H. FoxJ1 inhibits African swine fever virus replication and viral S273R protein decreases the expression of FoxJ1 to impair its antiviral effect. Virol Sin 2022; 37:445-454. [PMID: 35513267 PMCID: PMC9243675 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic swine infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar, which is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASF has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry and seriously threatens global food security and livestock health. To date, there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine against ASF. Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ASFV-host interplay is critical for developing effective vaccines and drugs against ASFV. In the present study, RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that the transcriptional and protein levels of the host factor FoxJ1 were significantly down-regulated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected by ASFV. RT-qPCR analysis showed that overexpression of FoxJ1 upregulated the transcription of type I interferon and interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) induced by poly(dA:dT). FoxJ1 revealed a function to positively regulate innate immune response, therefore, suppressing the replication of ASFV. In addition, Western blotting analysis indicated that FoxJ1 degraded ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins through autophagy pathway. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that ASFV S273R inhibited the expression of FoxJ1. Altogether, we determined that FoxJ1 plays an antiviral role against ASFV replication, and ASFV protein impairs FoxJ1-mediated antiviral effect by degradation of FoxJ1. Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral function of FoxJ1, which might help design antiviral drugs or vaccines against ASFV infection. FoxJ1 inhibits ASFV replication by degrading ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins via autophagy. FoxJ1 enhances type I IFN response, showing an essential antiviral role. ASFV S273R protein inhibits FoxJ1 expression to impair its antiviral effect.
Collapse
|
48
|
Carey RM, Hariri BM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. HSP90 Modulates T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Nitric Oxide Production and Innate Immune Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Cells 2022; 11:1478. [PMID: 35563784 PMCID: PMC9101439 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in various cell types including ciliated airway epithelial cells and macrophages. T2Rs in these two innate immune cell types are activated by bitter products, including those secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to Ca2+-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). NO enhances mucociliary clearance and has direct antibacterial effects in ciliated epithelial cells. NO also increases phagocytosis by macrophages. Using biochemistry and live-cell imaging, we explored the role of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in regulating T2R-dependent NO pathways in primary sinonasal epithelial cells, primary monocyte-derived macrophages, and a human bronchiolar cell line (H441). Immunofluorescence showed that H441 cells express eNOS and T2Rs and that the bitter agonist denatonium benzoate activates NO production in a Ca2+- and HSP90-dependent manner in cells grown either as submerged cultures or at the air-liquid interface. In primary sinonasal epithelial cells, we determined that HSP90 inhibition reduces T2R-stimulated NO production and ciliary beating, which likely limits pathogen clearance. In primary monocyte-derived macrophages, we found that HSP-90 is integral to T2R-stimulated NO production and phagocytosis of FITC-labeled Escherichia coli and pHrodo-Staphylococcus aureus. Our study demonstrates that HSP90 serves as an innate immune modulator by regulating NO production downstream of T2R signaling by augmenting eNOS activation without impairing upstream Ca2+ signaling. These findings suggest that HSP90 plays an important role in airway antibacterial innate immunity and may be an important target in airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, or cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hariri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cilia Stimulatory and Antibacterial Activities of T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist Diphenhydramine: Insights into Repurposing Bitter Drugs for Nasal Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040452. [PMID: 35455449 PMCID: PMC9025516 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2R bitter taste receptors in airway motile cilia increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and nitric oxide (NO) production. Polymorphisms in some T2Rs are linked to disease outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined the expression of cilia T2Rs during the differentiation of human nasal epithelial cells grown at air–liquid interface (ALI). The T2R expression increased with differentiation but did not vary between CF and non-CF cultures. Treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin decreased the expression of diphenhydramine-responsive T2R14 and 40, among others. Diphenhydramine increased both NO production, measured by fluorescent dye DAF-FM, and CBF, measured via high-speed imaging. Increases in CBF were disrupted after flagellin treatment. Diphenhydramine impaired the growth of lab and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, a major pathogen in CF and CF-related CRS. Diphenhydramine impaired biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, measured via crystal violet staining, as well as the surface attachment of P. aeruginosa to CF airway epithelial cells, measured using colony-forming unit counting. Because the T2R agonist diphenhydramine increases NO production and CBF while also decreasing bacterial growth and biofilm production, diphenhydramine-derived compounds may have potential clinical usefulness in CF-related CRS as a topical therapy. However, utilizing T2R agonists as therapeutics within the context of P. aeruginosa infection may require co-treatment with anti-inflammatories to enhance T2R expression.
Collapse
|
50
|
Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
Collapse
|