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Jakwerth CA, Feuerherd M, Guerth FM, Oelsner M, Schellhammer L, Giglberger J, Pechtold L, Jerin C, Kugler L, Mogler C, Haller B, Erb A, Wollenberg B, Spinner CD, Buch T, Protzer U, Schmidt-Weber CB, Zissler UM, Chaker AM. Early reduction of SARS-CoV-2-replication in bronchial epithelium by kinin B 2 receptor antagonism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:613-627. [PMID: 35247068 PMCID: PMC8897552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to enter the host via the ACE2 receptor which is part of the kinin-kallikrein pathway. This complex pathway is only poorly understood in context of immune regulation but critical to control infection. This study examines SARS-CoV-2-infection and epithelial mechanisms of the kinin-kallikrein-system at the kinin B2 receptor level in SARS-CoV-2-infection that is of direct translational relevance. From acute SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants and -negative controls, transcriptomes of nasal curettages were analyzed. Primary airway epithelial cells (NHBEs) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with the approved B2R-antagonist icatibant. SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-qPCR, cytotoxicity assays, plaque assays, and transcriptome analyses were performed. The treatment effect was further studied in a murine airway inflammation model in vivo. Here, we report a broad and strong upregulation of kallikreins and the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in the nasal mucosa of acutely symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants. A B2R-antagonist impeded SARS-CoV-2 replication and spread in NHBEs, as determined in plaque assays on Vero-E6 cells. B2R-antagonism reduced the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, G protein–coupled receptor signaling, and ion transport in vitro and in a murine airway inflammation in vivo model. In summary, this study provides evidence that treatment with B2R-antagonists protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting its replication and spread, through the reduction of ACE2 levels and the interference with several cellular signaling processes. Future clinical studies need to shed light on the airway protection potential of approved B2R-antagonists, like icatibant, in the treatment of early-stage COVID-19. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Key messages Induction of kinin B2 receptor in the nose of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Treatment with B2R-antagonist protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2. B2R-antagonist reduces ACE2 levels in vivo and ex vivo. Protection by B2R-antagonist is mediated by inhibiting viral replication and spread.
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Giglberger
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Pechtold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Jerin
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Kugler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Erb
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ni XT, Wang WS, Liu Y, Lin YK, Zhang F, Lei WJ, Ling LJ, Pan F, Zhu YN, Li MD, Duan T, Liu M, Sun K. The Bradykinin System Contributes to the Regulation of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 Expression in Human Amnion Fibroblasts: Implications for Term and Preterm Birth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873727. [PMID: 35634493 PMCID: PMC9130483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin (BK) and its biologically active metabolite des-Arg9 bradykinin (DABK) play a pivotal role in inflammation. Since chorioamnionitis is the leading cause of preterm birth and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from the amnion is key to labor initiation, we investigated if bradykinin peptides are part of the regulatory network of PGE2 synthesis in human amnion at parturition. METHODS Human amnion tissue was obtained from term and preterm birth for the study of the changes of the bradykinin system at parturition. Cultured primary human amnion fibroblasts, the major source of PGE2, were used to study the effects of bradykinin peptides on PTGS2 expression and PGE2 production as well as the effects of infection mediators on bradykinin receptors. RESULTS Bradykinin peptides and their receptors BDKRB1 and BDKRB2 were present in human amnion, and their abundance increased in term and preterm labor. However, transcripts of the genes encoding the bradykinin precursor and its proteolytic cleavage enzymes were hardly detectable in human amnion despite the increased abundance of bradykinin peptides in term and preterm labor, suggesting that there is an alternative source of bradykinin peptides for human amnion and their actions are enhanced in human amnion at parturition. In-vitro studies in cultured human amnion fibroblasts showed that both BK and DABK increased the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, and subsequent PGE2 production. These effects of BK and DABK were mediated through BDKRB2 and BDKRB1 receptors, respectively, with subsequent activation of the p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), the important mediators of infectious inflammation, induced the expression of both BDKRB1 and BDKRB2 through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Induction of BDKRB1 and BDKRB2 expression by LPS and SAA1 enhanced BK- or DABK-induced PTGS2 expression and PGE2 production in human amnion fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that the human amnion is a target tissue of bradykinin peptides and the bradykinin system may be part of the regulatory network of PTGS2 expression and PGE2 production in human amnion fibroblasts at both term and preterm birth, which may be enhanced by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-tian Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-kai Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-jia Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-jun Ling
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-nan Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-die Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Sun, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Sun, ; Ming Liu,
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Leyva‐Grado V, Pugach P, Sadeghi‐Latefi N. A novel anti-inflammatory treatment for bradykinin-induced sore throat or pharyngitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1321-1335. [PMID: 34153179 PMCID: PMC8589389 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID-19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few over-the-counter medications are proven to heal sore throat inflammation. METHODS Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and three dimensional organotypic human respiratory tissues were used to study inflammation and various treatment effects on respiratory epithelia. The cells and tissues were studied both in the presence and absence of bradykinin, one of the first inflammatory mediators of pharyngitis. Inflammation was measured by analyzing the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Tissue morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In studying pharyngitis using organotypic human respiratory tissue stimulated with bradykinin, we saw an increase in PGE2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to bradykinin. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a nonspecific COX inhibitor, was able to mitigate a bradykinin-induced increase in PGE2 in our studies. However, ASA was inflammatory above its therapeutic window, increasing the levels of PGE2 and IL-8 above those seen with bradykinin stimulation alone. We describe a novel, scientifically validated treatment for sore throat, that contains a low dose of ASA and other anti-inflammatory ingredients. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the complex mechanisms involved in healing pharyngitis, an inflammatory condition of the upper respiratory epithelia. An ASA-based formula (Biovanta) mitigated bradykinin-induced inflammation more strongly than ASA alone in organotypic human respiratory tissues. Surprisingly, we found that many of the most common over the counter sore throat therapies exacerbate inflammation and IL-8 in organotypic human respiratory tissues, suggesting these common treatments may increase the likelihood of further respiratory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Pugach
- Applied Biological LaboratoriesBrooklynNew YorkUSA
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Moran CS, Biros E, Krishna SM, Morton SK, Sexton DJ, Golledge J. Kallikrein-1 Blockade Inhibits Aortic Expansion in a Mouse Model and Reduces Prostaglandin E2 Secretion From Human Aortic Aneurysm Explants. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019372. [PMID: 33599139 PMCID: PMC8174241 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of mortality in older adults. The kinin B2 receptor agonist, bradykinin, has been implicated in AAA pathogenesis through promoting inflammation. Bradykinin is generated from high- and low-molecular-weight kininogen by the serine protease kallikrein-1. The aims of this study were first to examine the effect of neutralizing kallikrein-1 on AAA development in a mouse model and second to test how blocking kallikrein-1 affected cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in human AAA explants. Methods and Results Neutralization of kallikrein-1 in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice via administration of a blocking antibody inhibited suprarenal aorta expansion in response to angiotensin (Ang) II infusion. Kallikrein-1 neutralization decreased suprarenal aorta concentrations of bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Kallikrein-1 neutralization also decreased protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and reduced levels of active matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Kallikrein-1 blocking antibody reduced levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and secretion of prostaglandin E2 and active matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 from human AAA explants and vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to activated neutrophils. Conclusions These findings suggest that kallikrein-1 neutralization could be a treatment target for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey S Moran
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | - Erik Biros
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | - Smriti M Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | - Susan K Morton
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Australia
| | | | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Townsville University Hospital Townsville Australia
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Resveratrol inhibits BK-induced COX-2 transcription by suppressing acetylation of AP-1 and NF-κB in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 132:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Neuschäfer-Rube F, Pathe-Neuschäfer-Rube A, Hippenstiel S, Kracht M, Püschel GP. NF-κB-dependent IL-8 induction by prostaglandin E(2) receptors EP(1) and EP(4). Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:704-17. [PMID: 22924768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies suggested a role for PGE(2) in the expression of the chemokine IL-8. PGE(2) signals via four different GPCRs, EP(1) -EP(4) . The role of EP(1) and EP(4) receptors for IL-8 induction was studied in HEK293 cells, overexpressing EP(1) (HEK-EP(1) ), EP(4) (HEK-EP(4) ) or both receptors (HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) ). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IL-8 mRNA and protein induction and IL-8 promoter and NF-κB activation were assessed in EP expressing HEK cells. KEY RESULTS In HEK-EP(1) and HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) but not HEK or HEK-EP(4) cells, PGE(2) activated the IL-8 promoter and induced IL-8 mRNA and protein synthesis. Stimulation of HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) cells with an EP(1) -specific agonist activated IL-8 promoter and induced IL-8 mRNA and protein, whereas a specific EP(4) agonist neither activated the IL-8 promoter nor induced IL-8 mRNA and protein synthesis. Simultaneous stimulation of HEK- EP(1) + EP(4) cells with both agonists activated IL-8 promoter and induced IL-8 mRNA to the same extent as PGE(2) . In HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) cells, PGE(2) -mediated IL-8 promoter activation and IL-8 mRNA induction were blunted by inhibition of IκB kinase. PGE(2) activated NF-κB in HEK-EP(1) , HEK-EP(4) and HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) cells. In HEK-EP(1) + EP(4) cells, simultaneous activation of both receptors was needed for maximal PGE(2) -induced NF-κB activation. PGE(2) -stimulated NF-κB activation by EP(1) was blocked by inhibitors of PLC, calcium-signalling and Src-kinase, whereas that induced by EP(4) was only blunted by Src-kinase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that PGE(2) -mediated NF-κB activation by simultaneous stimulation of EP(1) and EP(4) receptors induces maximal IL-8 promoter activation and IL-8 mRNA and protein induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Neuschäfer-Rube
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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7
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Catalioto RM, Valenti C, Liverani L, Giuliani S, Maggi CA. Characterization of a novel proinflammatory effect mediated by BK and the kinin B₂ receptor in human preadipocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:508-20. [PMID: 23796753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and adipose tissue contribute to local and systemic inflammation. However the role of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK) in this context is not known. We therefore evaluated the effect of BK on adipokines secretion in human preadipocytes during the course of differentiation and characterized the receptors involved. Results obtained from antibody array and ELISA experiments showed that several adipokines are released by human preadipocytes under basal conditions while BK specifically stimulated the production of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8. The effect of BK diminished with the progression of differentiation, being almost inactive on adipocytes. In preadipocytes, BK also induced a rapid and transient [Ca²⁺](i) mobilization, a rapid and sustained increase in ERK1/2 activation and enhanced forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. BK was without effect on cell proliferation and viability as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, WST-1 conversion, or lactate dehydrogenase leakage and was without effect on adipogenesis as measured by triglyceride accumulation, GPDH activity and leptin release. The B₁ receptor agonist, Lys-[des-Arg⁹]-BK, displayed poor activity or was without effect while overall BK effects were prevented by the selective B₂ receptor antagonist, fasitibant chloride, but not by the B₁ selective antagonist, Lys-[Leu⁸][des-Arg⁹]-BK. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence studies showed that the kinin B₂ receptor was essentially expressed at the beginning of the differentiation program. In conclusion, human preadipocytes expressed kinin B₂ receptors linked to multiple signaling pathways, IL-6 and IL-8 production, and BK proinflammatory response in adipose tissue could be prevented by fasitibant chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie Catalioto
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Via Rismondo 12A, 50131 Florence, Italy.
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Bradykinin- and lipopolysaccharide-induced bradykinin B2 receptor expression, interleukin 8 release and “nitrosative stress” in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B: Role for neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 694:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen J, Jiang XH, Chen H, Guo JH, Tsang LL, Yu MK, Xu WM, Chan HC. CFTR negatively regulates cyclooxygenase-2-PGE(2) positive feedback loop in inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2759-66. [PMID: 21913191 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-dependent anion channel mostly expressed in epithelia. Accumulating evidence suggests that CF airway epithelia are overwhelmed by excessive inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins (PGs), which eventually lead to the over-inflammatory condition observed in CF lung disease. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and over-production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in human CF bronchial epithelia cell line (CFBE41o--) with elevated NF-κB activity compared to a wild-type airway epithelial cell line (16HBE14o--). Moreover, we demonstrated that CFTR knockout mice had inherently higher levels of COX-2 and NF-κB activity, supporting the notion that lack of CFTR results in hyper-inflammatory signaling. In addition, we identified a positive feedback loop for production of PGE(2) involving PKA and transcription factor, CREB. More importantly, overexpression of wild-type CFTR significantly suppressed COX-2 expression in CFBE41o- cells, and wild-type CFTR protein expression was significantly increased when 16HBE14o-- cells were challenged with LPS as well as PGE(2), indicating possible involvement of CFTR in negative regulation of COX-2/PGE(2). In conclusion, CFTR is a negative regulator of PGE(2)-mediated inflammatory response, defect of which may result in excessive activation of NF-κB, leading to over production of PGE(2) as seen in inflammatory CF tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kushwah R, Oliver JR, Wu J, Chang Z, Hu J. Elf3 regulates allergic airway inflammation by controlling dendritic cell-driven T cell differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4639-53. [PMID: 21948981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elf3 belongs to the Ets family of transcription factors and has been implicated in inflammation. Elf3 is highly expressed in the lungs, and Elf3(-/-) mice are impaired in IL-6 production after intranasal LPS exposure. To identify the role of Elf3 in Th17-driven pulmonary inflammation, we have performed epicutaneous sensitization of Elf3(-/-) mice with OVA followed by airway OVA challenge and have identified Elf3(-/-) mice to be impaired in induction of Th17 response, attributable to impairment of IL-6 production by dendritic cells (DCs). However, increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE were observed, pointing toward an exaggerated Th2 response. To study Th2 response, we performed i.p. sensitization of Elf3(-/-) mice with OVA and confirmed loss of Elf3 to result in an aggravated Th2 response, characterized by increased generation of IL-4-producing T cells, increased levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 Ab titers, and increased serum levels of Th2 cytokines, together with extensive inflammation and mucus production in airways. Elf3(-/-) DCs were impaired in priming Th1 differentiation, which, in turn, promoted Th2 differentiation. This was mediated by the ability of Elf3(-/-) DCs to undergo hypermaturation but secrete significantly lower levels of IL-12 in response to inflammatory stimuli. The impairment of IL-12 production was due to impairment of IL-12p40 gene induction in Elf3(-/-) DCs in response to inflammatory stimuli. Taken together, our study identifies a novel function of Elf3 in regulating allergic airway inflammation by regulating DC-driven Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwah
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cystic fibrosis-related airway inflammatory responses. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2011; 7:387-94. [PMID: 21030518 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201001-017aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway infection and inflammation are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. The altered airway environment resulting from infection and inflammation can affect the innate defense of the airway epithelia. Luminal bacterial and inflammatory stimuli trigger an adaptation in human airway epithelia, characterized by a hyperinflammatory response to inflammatory mediators, which is mediated by an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its Ca(2+) stores. Recent studies demonstrated that a form of ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated in airway epithelia by bacterial infection-induced airway inflammation. UPR-dependent signaling is responsible for the ER Ca(2+) store expansion-mediated amplification of airway inflammatory responses. These studies highlight the functional importance of the UPR in airway inflammation and suggest that targeting the UPR may be a therapeutic strategy for airway diseases typified by chronic inflammation. This article reviews the contribution of airway epithelia to airway inflammatory responses, discusses how expansion of the ER Ca(2+) stores in inflamed airway epithelia contributes to airway inflammation, describes the functional role of the UPR in these processes, and discusses how UPR activation might be relevant for CF airways inflammatory disease.
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Bellucci F, Cucchi P, Catalani C, Giuliani S, Meini S, Maggi CA. Novel effects mediated by bradykinin and pharmacological characterization of bradykinin B2 receptor antagonism in human synovial fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 158:1996-2004. [PMID: 20050188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bradykinin (BK) and B2 receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovitis is one of its hallmarks. Here, the selective B2 receptor antagonists MEN16132 and icatibant have been pharmacologically characterized in human synovial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Radioligand and functional studies (inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 release) were performed in cultured synoviocytes. KEY RESULTS [3H]-BK saturation studies indicated receptor density (Bmax) and K(d) values of 121,550 sites per cell and 1.14 nM respectively. In synoviocytes, MEN16132 (pK(I) 8.9) was threefold more potent than icatibant (pK(I) 8.4). Both antagonists showed competitive antagonism in the BK-induced IP assay (control EC50 0.45 nM), with pK(B) values of 9.9 (MEN16132) and 8.1 (icatibant). 24h incubation with BK induced IL-6 (EC50 216 nM) and IL-8 (EC50 53 nM) release. Both MEN16132 (IL-6: pIC50 8.1; IL-8: pIC50 8.4) and icatibant (IL-6: pIC50 6.6; IL-8: pIC50 6.7) completely prevented this BK-induced release. Indomethacin did not affect the basal or the IL-6/IL-8 release induced by BK, whereas nordihydroguaiaretic acid decreased the basal release, although BK still increased IL-6 and IL-8 production. BK-induced IL-8 release was attenuated by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73122), p38 (SB203580), JNK (SP600125), ERK 1/2 (PD98059) MAPKs, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (LY294002), NF-kappaB (BAY-117085) and by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Bradykinin via B2 receptors can participate in inflammatory events in synovitis. MEN16132 is a highly potent B2 receptor antagonist capable of blocking pro-inflammatory responses to BK evoked in human synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bellucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Florence, Italy
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Bertram CM, Misso NL, Fogel-Petrovic M, Figueroa CD, Foster PS, Thompson PJ, Bhoola KD. Expression of kinin receptors on eosinophils: comparison of asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 85:544-52. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Antigny F, Norez C, Cantereau A, Becq F, Vandebrouck C. Abnormal spatial diffusion of Ca2+ in F508del-CFTR airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2008; 9:70. [PMID: 18973672 PMCID: PMC2584091 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In airway epithelial cells, calcium mobilization can be elicited by selective autocrine and/or paracrine activation of apical or basolateral membrane heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors linked to phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation, which generates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and induces Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. Methods In the present study, we monitored the cytosolic Ca2+ transients using the UV light photolysis technique to uncage caged Ca2+ or caged IP3 into the cytosol of loaded airway epithelial cells of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF origin. We compared in these cells the types of Ca2+ receptors present in the ER, and measured their Ca2+ dependent activity before and after correction of F508del-CFTR abnormal trafficking either by low temperature or by the pharmacological corrector miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin). Results We showed reduction of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) dependent-Ca2+ response following both correcting treatments compared to uncorrected cells in such a way that Ca2+ responses (CF+treatment vs wild-type cells) were normalized. This normalization of the Ca2+ rate does not affect the activity of Ca2+-dependent chloride channel in miglustat-treated CF cells. Using two inhibitors of IP3R1, we observed a decrease of the implication of IP3R1 in the Ca2+ response in CF corrected cells. We observed a similar Ca2+ mobilization between CF-KM4 cells and CFTR-cDNA transfected CF cells (CF-KM4-reverted). When we restored the F508del-CFTR trafficking in CFTR-reverted cells, the specific IP3R activity was also reduced to a similar level as in non CF cells. At the structural level, the ER morphology of CF cells was highly condensed around the nucleus while in non CF cells or corrected CF cells the ER was extended at the totality of cell. Conclusion These results suggest reversal of the IP3R dysfunction in F508del-CFTR epithelial cells by correction of the abnormal trafficking of F508del-CFTR in cystic fibrosis cells. Moreover, using CFTR cDNA-transfected CF cells, we demonstrated that abnormal increase of IP3R Ca2+ release in CF human epithelial cells could be the consequence of F508del-CFTR retention in ER compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Antigny
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 86022 Poitiers, France.
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Peng H, Chen P, Cai Y, Chen Y, Wu QH, Li Y, Zhou R, Fang X. Endothelin-1 increases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of interlukin-8 in hunan pulmonary epithelial cells. Peptides 2008; 29:419-24. [PMID: 18191873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in inflammatory processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) might be also involved in the pathophysilogical processes in COPD. In the present study, we determined whether ET-1 could regulate the expression of COX-2 and alter the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Induced sputum samples were collected from 13 stable COPD patients and 14 healthy subjects. The COX-2 protein, ET-1, PGE(2) and IL-8 in these sputum samples were analyzed. A549 cells were incubated with ET-1 in the presence or absence of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. The expression of COX-2 protein in the cell and the amounts of PGE(2) and IL-8 in the medium were measured. The levels of COX-2 protein, ET-1, PGE(2) and IL-8 were significantly increased in induced sputum from COPD patients when compared to healthy subjects. ET-1 increased the expression of COX-2 protein, as well as the production of PGE(2) in A549 cells. Increased production of PGE(2) was inhibited by celecoxib. ET-1 also increased the production of IL-8. Interestingly, ET-1-induced production of IL-8 was also inhibited by celecoxib. These findings indicate that ET-1 plays important roles in regulating COX-2 expression and production of IL-8 in A549 cells. ET-1 mediated production of IL-8 is likely through a COX-2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Saleh SM, Mann TS, Peters T, Betts RJ, Henry PJ. Influence of dexamethasone on protease-activated receptor 2-mediated responses in the airways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:622-30. [PMID: 18003863 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulants of protease-activated receptor (PAR)(2) promote the generation of the bronchoprotective prostanoid prostaglandin (PG) E(2) by airway epithelial cells. In contrast, glucocorticoids reduce the levels of PGE(2) in airway epithelial cell cultures by concomitantly inhibiting pathways required for PGE(2) synthesis and facilitating pathways involved in PGE(2) inactivation. The aim of this study was to determine whether glucocorticoids inhibited PAR(2)-mediated, PGE(2)-dependent responses in epithelial cell cultures, in intact airway preparations, and in whole animals. In cultures of A549 cells, a PAR(2)-activating peptide SLI-GRL-NH(2) produced concentration and time-dependent increases in PGE(2) levels, which were significantly enhanced after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, SLIGRL-NH(2)-induced increases in PGE(2) levels were abolished by pretreatment of cells with the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. In mouse isolated tracheal preparations, SLIGRL-NH(2) and PGE(2) induced concentration-dependent relaxation responses that were unaffected by dexamethasone, irrespective of whether dexamethasone exposure occurred in vitro or in vivo. Intranasal administration of LPS produced a pronounced increase in the numbers of neutrophils recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of BALB/c mice. Numbers of recovered neutrophils were 40 to 60% lower in mice that received f-LIGRL-NH(2) (PAR(2)-activating peptide, 30 microg intranasally), PGE(2) (10 mugintranasally), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg i.p.). In the combined presence of dexamethasone and f-LIGRL-NH(2) or dexamethasone and PGE(2), the number of neutrophils was suppressed further (80-83% lower). Thus, although dexamethasone abolished PAR(2)-mediated generation of PGE(2) in A549 cells, neither the smooth muscle relaxant nor the anti-inflammatory effects of PAR(2)-activating peptides (and PGE(2)) were diminished by in vitro or in vivo exposure to dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sham Mohd Saleh
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Australia
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Xing L, Remick DG. Promoter elements responsible for antioxidant regulation of MCP-1 gene expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:1979-89. [PMID: 17949278 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is produced by different cells in response to inflammatory stimulation. In the present study, a series of human MCP-1 promoter reporter genes were constructed to illustrate elements involved in antioxidant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) inhibition of MCP-1 gene expression. MCP-1 secretion and mRNA expression and transcription activity stimulated by TNF-alpha or IL-1beta were significantly inhibited by 1% DMSO in alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549). Deletion of -7537 to -2741 caused a 77% decrease in reporter activity, but DMSO inhibition was still present. Deletion of -7537 to -2616 containing the A1 NF-kappaB binding site resulted in a complete loss of MCP-1 stimulation. Deletion of -2585 to -74 decreased reporter activity by approximately 50%, and DMSO inhibited this induction. Deletion of -2614 to -74 containing the A2 NF-kappaB binding site completely abolished responses to stimulation. Mutations of either of the NF-kappaB binding sites decreased promoter activity, which could still be inhibited by DMSO, whereas deletion of both NF-kappaB binding sites abolished induced transcriptional activity. Mutation or deletion of the NF-kappaB binding sites significantly decreased or abolished reporter activity in response to reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), generated by xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. In conclusion, DMSO inhibits MCP-1 gene expression through both NF-kappaB binding sites located far upstream of the 5'-flanking region of the MCP-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Xing
- Department of Pathology University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Vij N, Amoako MO, Mazur S, Zeitlin PL. CHOP transcription factor mediates IL-8 signaling in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:176-84. [PMID: 17709599 PMCID: PMC2214673 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0197oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-8 is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant that drives the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF). Traditional approaches to the pathophysiology of this inflammation have focused on targeting NF-kappaB-dependent signaling and therapy with glucocorticoids. We test the hypothesis that an alternative pathway, independent of NF-kappaB, operates through prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) receptor EP-2 and stimulates IL-8 chemokine secretion. Using CF bronchial epithelial cells (IB3-1) in vitro, exogenous PGE-2 induces IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. These events are associated with elevation in the EP-2 receptors. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 with NS-398 was associated with reductions in Cox-2 (2-fold) and IL-6 (1.3-fold) mRNA transcripts, and in IL-8 and PGE-2 chemokine secretion. The inhibition of Cox-2 signaling led to down-regulation of the downstream C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) transcription factor, resulting in a decrease in IL-8 activation. We confirmed the regulation of IL-8 promoter by CHOP in CF cells using the IL-8 reporter assay. We conclude that PGE-2 stimulates IL-8 production through the CHOP transcription factor in CF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Vij
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Bertram C, Misso NL, Fogel-Petrovic M, Figueroa C, Thompson PJ, Bhoola KD. Comparison of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor expression in neutrophils of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1862-8. [PMID: 18039523 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and activation of kinin receptors stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis. However, the expression of kinin receptors on neutrophils of asthmatic subjects has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor mRNA and proteins in neutrophils of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects, and to assess whether inhaled corticosteroid treatment may influence expression of the kinin receptors. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of asthmatic (n=27) and non-asthmatic subjects (n=14). The presence of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor protein on neutrophils was confirmed by immunolabeling with specific antibodies followed by immunoperoxidase, immunofluorescence and FACS detection. Kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Quantitative image analysis of fluorescence immunolabeled neutrophils showed no differences in kinin B(1) or B(2) receptor protein expression between asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Similarly, quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated no differences in expression of mRNA for the kinin B(1) or B(2) receptors between asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. However, B(1) receptor mRNA expression was significantly lower in asthmatic subjects using > or =2000 microg of inhaled corticosteroid per day (p<0.05) and B(1) receptor protein levels also tended to be lower in these subjects. Corticosteroids may have a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect in asthma by down-regulating B(1) receptor expression on neutrophils, thereby decreasing the migration of these inflammatory cells into the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bertram
- Lung Institute of Western Australia and Centre for Asthma, Allergy & Respiratory Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Antigny F, Norez C, Becq F, Vandebrouck C. Calcium homeostasis is abnormal in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells but is normalized after rescue of F508del-CFTR. Cell Calcium 2007; 43:175-83. [PMID: 17590432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retention of F508del-CFTR proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is dependent upon chaperone proteins, many of which require Ca(2+) for optimal activity. Here, we show in human tracheal gland CF-KM4 cells, that after correction of F508del-CFTR trafficking by miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin) or low temperature (27 degrees C), the Ca(2+) mobilization is decreased compared to uncorrected cells and becomes identical to the Ca(2+) response observed in non-CF MM39 cells. In CF-KM4 and human nasal epithelial CF15 cells, we also show that inhibiting vesicular trafficking by nocodazole prevents not only the rescue of F508del-CFTR but also the Ca(2+) mobilization decrease. Finally, experiments using the CFTR inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172 showed that the presence but not the channel activity of F508del-CFTR at the plasma membrane is required to decrease the Ca(2+) mobilization in corrected CF cells. These findings show that correction of the abnormal trafficking of F508del-CFTR proteins might have profound consequences on cellular homeostasis such as the control of intracellular Ca(2+) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Antigny
- Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 6187, Poitiers Cedex, France
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Murakami M, Ohta T, Otsuguro KI, Ito S. Involvement of prostaglandin E(2) derived from enteric glial cells in the action of bradykinin in cultured rat myenteric neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 145:642-53. [PMID: 17275193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We characterized bradykinin (BK)-induced changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and membrane potential in cultured rat myenteric neurons using ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging with fura-2 and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, respectively. BK evoked a dose-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i that was abolished by HOE 140, a B2 receptor antagonist but not by [Lys-des-Arg(9)]-BK, a B1 receptor antagonist. [Lys-des-Arg(9)]-HOE140, a B1 receptor agonist, failed to cause a [Ca(2+)]i response. Double staining with antibodies against the B2 receptor together with PGP9.5 or S100 indicated that B2 receptors were expressed in neurons and glial cells. The BK-evoked [Ca(2+)]i increase was suppressed by indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and potentiated by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). The release of PGE(2) from cultured myenteric plexus cells was increased by BK. BK induced a large increase in [Ca(2+)]i in neurons when myenteric plexus cells were cultured at the high density but not at the low density, and caused a small increase in [Ca(2+)]i in neurons when proliferation of enteric glial cells was suppressed. BK evoked a slow and sustained depolarization in myenteric neurons, which was sensitive to indomethacin. These results indicated that BK caused a [Ca(2+)]i increase and depolarization in rat myenteric neurons through the activation of B2 receptors, which was partly associated with PGE(2) released from glial cells in response to BK. It is suggested that a neuron-glial interaction plays an important role in the effect of BK in the rat myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murakami
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18W9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Berndt A, Derksen FJ, Venta PJ, Ewart S, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Robinson NE. Elevated amount of Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells is associated with airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L936-43. [PMID: 17158595 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00394.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation and obstruction, and stabling of susceptible horses triggers acute disease exacerbations. Stable dust is rich in endotoxin, which is recognized by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. In human bronchial epithelium, TLR4 stimulation leads to elevation of interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression. The zinc finger protein A20 negatively regulates this pathway. We hypothesized that TLR4 and IL-8 mRNA and neutrophil numbers are elevated and that A20 mRNA is not increased in RAOs during stabling compared with controls and with RAOs on pasture. We measured the maximal change in pleural pressure (DeltaPpl(max)), determined inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), and quantified TLR4, IL-8, and A20 mRNA in bronchial epithelium by quantitative RT-PCR. We studied six horse pairs, each pair consisting of one RAO and one control horse. Each pair was studied when the RAO-affected horse had airway obstruction induced by stabling and after 7, 14, and 28 days on pasture. Stabling increased BAL neutrophils, DeltaPpl(max), and TLR4 (4.14-fold change) significantly in RAOs compared with controls and with RAOs on pasture. TLR4 correlated with IL-8 (R2 = 0.75). Whereas stabling increased IL-8 in all horses, A20 was unaffected. IL-8 was positively correlated with BAL neutrophils (R2 = 0.43) and negatively with A20 (R2 = 0.44) only in RAO-affected horses. Elevated TLR4 expression and lack of A20 upregulation in bronchial epithelial cells from RAO-affected horses may contribute to elevated IL-8 production, leading to exaggerated neutrophilic airway inflammation in response to inhalation of stable dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerose Berndt
- Pulmonary Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Abstract
The lack of functional cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the apical membranes of CF airway epithelial cells abolishes cAMP-stimulated anion transport, and bacteria, eventually including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bind to and accumulate in the mucus. Flagellin released from P. aeruginosa triggers airway epithelial Toll-like receptor 5 and subsequent NF-kappaB signaling and production and release of proinflammatory cytokines that recruit neutrophils to the infected region. This response has been termed hyperinflammatory because so many neutrophils accumulate; a response that damages CF lung tissue. We first review the contradictory data both for and against the idea that epithelial cells exhibit larger-than-normal proinflammatory signaling in CF compared with non-CF cells and then review proposals that might explain how reduced CFTR function could activate such proinflammatory signaling. It is concluded that apparent exaggerated innate immune response of CF airway epithelial cells may have resulted not from direct effects of CFTR on cellular signaling or inflammatory mediator production but from indirect effects resulting from the absence of CFTRs apical membrane channel function. Thus, loss of Cl-, HCO3-, and glutathione secretion may lead to reduced volume and increased acidification and oxidation of the airway surface liquid. These changes concentrate proinflammatory mediators, reduce mucociliary clearance of bacteria and subsequently activate cellular signaling. Loss of apical CFTR will also hyperpolarize basolateral membrane potentials, potentially leading to increases in cytosolic [Ca2+], intracellular Ca2+, and NF-kappaB signaling. This hyperinflammatory effect of CF on intracellular Ca2+ and NF-kappaB signaling would be most prominently expressed during exposure to both P. aeruginosa and also endocrine, paracrine, or nervous agonists that activate Ca2+ signaling in the airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry E Machen
- Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, 231 LSA, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
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Medjane S, Raymond B, Wu Y, Touqui L. Impact of CFTR ΔF508 mutation on prostaglandin E2production and type IIA phospholipase A2expression by pulmonary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L816-24. [PMID: 15964894 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00466.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory pulmonary response with excessive production of inflammatory mediators. We investigated here the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction on prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production and type IIA secreted phospholipase A2(sPLA2-IIA) expression. We show that both resting and LPS-stimulated human respiratory epithelial cell line bearing ΔF508 mutation on CFTR (CF cells) released more PGE2than control cell line. This was accompanied by enhanced expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 in CF cells. PGE2release was attenuated after experimentally induced retrafficking of the ΔF508-CFTR at the plasma membrane. sPLA2-IIA expression occurred at higher levels in CF cells than in control cells and was enhanced by LPS and PGE2. Suppression of PGE2synthesis by aspirin led to an inhibition of LPS-induced sPLA2-IIA expression. Higher activation of NF-κB was observed in CF cells compared with control cells and was enhanced by LPS. However, addition of PGE2or aspirin had no effect on NF-κB activation. LPS-induced sPLA2-IIA expression was reduced by an NF-κB inhibitor. We suggest that the lack of the CFTR in the plasma membrane results in a PGE2overproduction and an enhanced sPLA2-IIA expression. This expression is upregulated by NF-κB and amplified by PGE2via a unidentified signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Medjane
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, E336, Paris, France
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Brunius G, Domeij H, Gustavsson A, Yucel-Lindberg T. Bradykinin upregulates IL-8 production in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 126:183-8. [PMID: 15664665 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK) is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. In this study, BK per se stimulated interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Furthermore, BK upregulated the stimulatory effect of the cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha on the production of IL-8. The stimulatory effect of BK on the IL-1beta- or TNFalpha-stimulated IL-8 production was reduced in the presence of BK B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140, whereas the B1 receptor antagonist Lys-(des-arg9, Leu8)-BK had no effect. Similar to BK, the calcium ionophore A23187 also upregulated the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta and TNFalpha on IL-8 production. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide, BIS, significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of BK on IL-1beta and TNFalpha increased IL-8 production but did not affect the production of IL-8 stimulated by cytokines alone. The specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB 203580 reduced IL-8 production stimulated by the combination of BK and IL-1beta as well as the IL-1beta-stimulated IL-8 production. In conclusion, this study shows that BK upregulates IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-stimulated IL-8 production via BK B2 receptor and that PKC signal pathway seems to be involved in the upregulation of the cytokine-induced IL-8 production in gingival fibroblasts. This stimulatory effect of BK on IL-8 production may contribute to the maintenance of the gingival inflammation and enhanced risk for destruction of gingival connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Brunius
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Jura N, Archer H, Bar-Sagi D. Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the black box in-between. Cell Res 2005; 15:72-7. [PMID: 15686632 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a challenging disease for patients, doctors and researchers who for decades have searched for a cure for this deadly malignancy. Although existing mouse models of pancreatic cancer have shed light on the mechanistic basis of the neoplastic conversion of the pancreas, their impact in terms of offering new diagnostics and therapeutic modalities remains limited. Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that is associated with a gradual damage of the organ and an increased risk of developing neoplastic lesions. In this review, we propose that detailed studies of chronic inflammatory processes in the pancreas will provide insights into the evolution of pancreatic cancer. This information may prove useful in the design of effective therapeutic strategies to battle the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jura
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA
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Zaczynska E, Gabra BH, Sirois P. Bradykinin stimulates MMP-2 production in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle cells. Inflammation 2005; 27:307-15. [PMID: 14635788 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026080527573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The implication of bradykinin (BK) receptors in the release of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2; gelatinase A) was studied in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle cells (GP-TSMC). Bradykinin (10(-8)-10(-4) M) induced a time- and concentration-dependent upregulation of MMP-2 production from cultured GP-TSMC. Pretreatment of the GP-TSMC with the bradykinin B2 receptor (BKB2-R) antagonist Hpp-HOE-140 (Hpp-D-Arg0-Hyp3-Thi5-D-Tic7-Oic8-BK; 10(-8)-10(-4) M) significantly inhibited the BK-stimulated upregulation of MMP-2 in GP-TSMC in a concentration-related manner. Conversely, GP-TSMC pretreated with the selective bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1-R) antagonist R-954 (Ac-Om[Oic2, alpha-MePhe5, D-betaNal7, Ile8]desArg9BK; 10(-8)-10(-4) M) did not show any change in the response to BK. Moreover, the selective BKB2-R agonist Lys0BK (kallidin; 10(-8)-10(-4) M) stimulated whereas the selective BKB1-R agonist desArg9BK (DBK; 10(-8)-10(-4) M) had no effect on MMP-2 release from GP-TSMC. Further, the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitor indomethacin (IND; 10(-5) M), the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX; 1 ng/mL) and the protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide (CHX; 10(-6) M) and actinomycin D (ACT-D; 10(-8) M) also inhibited BK-induced MMP-2 release from GP-TSMC. These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of BK in the release of MMP-2 from airway smooth muscle cells through activation of the BKB2-R. Such response is mostly mediated by the induction of COX and the subsequent production of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs). It could therefore be suggested that MMP-2 might play a role in the process of airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zaczynska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Birrell MA, McCluskie K, Wong S, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Resveratrol, an extract of red wine, inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced airway neutrophilia and inflammatory mediators through an NF-kappaB-independent mechanism. FASEB J 2005; 19:840-1. [PMID: 15734790 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2691fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a naturally occurring polyphenol, resveratrol, in particular through drinking moderate amounts of red wine, has been suggested to be beneficial to health. A plethora of in vitro studies published demonstrate various anti-inflammatory actions of resveratrol. The aim of this research was to determine whether any of these anti-inflammatory effects translate in vivo in a rodent model of LPS induced airway inflammation. Resveratrol reduced lung tissue neutrophilia to a similar magnitude as that achieved by treatment with budesonide. This was associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostanoid levels. Interestingly, the reduction did not appear to be due to an impact on NF-kappaB activation or the expression of the respective genes as suggested by various in vitro publications. These results suggest that resveratrol may possess anti-inflammatory properties via a novel mechanism. Elucidation of this mechanism may lead to potential new therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Babu PBR, Chidekel A, Shaffer TH. Protein composition of apical surface fluid from the human airway cell line Calu-3: effect of ion transport mediators. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 347:81-8. [PMID: 15313144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 04/03/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of the protein components of airway secretions is a potential means of detecting and characterizing biochemical alterations associated with airway diseases. METHODS We evaluated airway protein secretions using the airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 grown at an air-liquid interface. To observe changes in apically secreted proteins, we analyzed the protein content of apical surface fluid (ASF) washings of Calu-3 monolayers treated with ion transport mediators. RESULTS Immunoassay screening for antibacterial and inflammatory proteins indicated the presence of measurable levels of lysozyme and IL-8 in Calu-3 ASF. RT-PCR and immunoassay studies indicated that Calu-3 cells do not produce clara cell 10 kDa protein (CC10). The total protein secretion of Calu-3 was not altered by bradykinin, but amiloride and adenosine significantly increased Calu-3 protein secretion. Lysozyme secretion was not altered by bradykinin, but amiloride and adenosine significantly reduced lysozyme secretion. IL-8 secretion was not altered by bradykinin or adenosine, but amiloride significantly decreased IL-8 secretion. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the presence of antibacterial protein lysozyme and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in Calu-3 ASF and that ion transport mediators such as bradykinin, amiloride and adenosine influence the secretion of Calu-3 ASF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polani B Ramesh Babu
- Nemours Research Lung Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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Imig JD, Zhao X, Orengo SR, Dipp S, El-Dahr SS. The Bradykinin B2 receptor is required for full expression of renal COX-2 and renin. Peptides 2003; 24:1141-7. [PMID: 14612184 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition leads to increased levels of bradykinin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and renin. Since bradykinin stimulates prostaglandin release, renin synthesis may be regulated through a kinin-COX-2 pathway. To test this hypothesis, we examined the impact of bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) gene disruption in mice on kidney COX-2 and renin gene expression. Kidney COX-2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in B2R-/- mice by 40-50%. On the other hand, renal COX-1 levels were similar in B2R-/- and +/+ mice. Renal renin protein was 61% lower in B2R-/- compared to B2R+/+ mice. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in renin mRNA levels in B2R-/- mice. Likewise, intrarenal angiotensin I levels were significantly lower in B2R-/- mice compared to B2R+/+ mice. In contrast, kidney angiotensin II levels were not different and averaged 261+/-16 and 266+/-15fmol/g in B2R+/+ and B2R-/- mice, respectively. Kidney angiotensinogen, AT1 receptor and ACE activity were not different between B2R+/+ and B2R-/- mice. The results of these studies demonstrate suppression of renal renin synthesis in mice lacking the bradykinin B2R and support the notion that B2R regulation of COX-2 participates in the steady-state control of renin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
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