1
|
Amri O, Madore AM, Boucher-Lafleur AM, Laprise C. Genomic analysis of severe COVID-19 considering or not asthma comorbidity: GWAS insights from the BQC19 cohort. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:482. [PMID: 38750426 PMCID: PMC11097529 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of COVID-19 is influenced by various factors including the presence of respiratory diseases. Studies have indicated a potential relationship between asthma and COVID-19 severity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic and clinical variants associated with the severity of COVID-19, both among patients with and without asthma. METHODS We analyzed data from 2131 samples sourced from the Biobanque québécoise de la COVID-19 (BQC19), with 1499 samples from patients who tested positive for COVID-19. Among these, 1110 exhibited mild-to-moderate symptoms, 389 had severe symptoms, and 58 had asthma. We conducted a comparative analysis of clinical data from individuals in these three groups and GWAS using a logistic regression model. Phenotypic data analysis resulted in the refined covariates integrated into logistic models for genetic studies. RESULTS Considering a significance threshold of 1 × 10-6, seven genetic variants were associated with severe COVID-19. These variants were located proximal to five genes: sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN10A), desmoplakin (DSP), RP1 axonemal microtubule associated (RP1), IGF like family member 1 (IGFL1), and docking protein 5 (DOK5). The GWAS comparing individuals with severe COVID-19 with asthma to those without asthma revealed four genetic variants in transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 2 (TMEFF2) and huntingtin interacting protein-1 (HIP1) genes. CONCLUSION This study provides significant insights into the genetic profiles of patients with severe forms of the disease, whether accompanied by asthma or not. These findings enhance our comprehension of the genetic factors that affect COVID-19 severity. KEY MESSAGES Seven genetic variants were associated with the severe form of COVID-19; Four genetic variants were associated with the severe form of COVID-19 in individuals with comorbid asthma; These findings help define the genetic component of the severe form of COVID-19 in relation to asthma as a comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Amri
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Madore
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Boucher-Lafleur
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 7K9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li K, Bartlett JA, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Xue B, Thurman AL, Gallagher TM, Pezzulo AA, McCray PB. Interleukin 13-Induced Inflammation Increases DPP4 Abundance but Does Not Enhance Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Airway Epithelia. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1419-1429. [PMID: 37698016 PMCID: PMC11095549 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We hypothesized that individuals with such comorbidities are more susceptible to MERS-CoV infection due to increased expression of its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). METHODS We modeled chronic airway disease by treating primary human airway epithelia with the Th2 cytokine interleukin 13 (IL-13), examining how this affected DPP4 protein levels with MERS-CoV entry and replication. RESULTS IL-13 exposure for 3 days led to greater DPP4 protein abundance, while a 21-day treatment raised DPP4 levels and caused goblet cell metaplasia. Surprisingly, despite this increase in receptor availability, MERS-CoV entry and replication were not significantly affected by IL-13 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that greater DPP4 abundance is likely not the primary mechanism leading to increased MERS severity in the setting of Th2 inflammation. Transcriptional profiling analysis highlighted the complexity of IL-13-induced changes in airway epithelia, including altered expression of genes involved in innate immunity, antiviral responses, and maintenance of the extracellular mucus barrier. These data suggest that additional factors likely interact with DPP4 abundance to determine MERS-CoV infection outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jennifer A Bartlett
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christine L Wohlford-Lenane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Biyun Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew L Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thomas M Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Alejandro A Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Liu H, Ai T, Chen Z, Tang W, Hu S, Hu J. Epidemiology of asthma exacerbation in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study in Chengdu, China. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:588. [PMID: 37993873 PMCID: PMC10664380 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the numbers and characteristics of children affected by asthma exacerbation in Chengdu, China, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to inform efforts to manage childhood asthma in the post epidemic era. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from children admitted for asthma exacerbation to Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital between January 2017 and December 2022. Rates of hospitalization, ages of the affected children, comorbidities and infections, and relationships between hospitalization and seasonal or environmental factors were examined before and after the epidemic. RESULTS Fewer children were hospitalized for asthma exacerbation, yet more hospitalized children had severe exacerbation after the epidemic than before. Rates of hospitalization varied considerably with time of year, and the timing of peak hospitalizations differed before and after the epidemic. Only before the epidemic, rates of hospitalization for asthma exacerbation were positively correlated with humidity. Infants made up a smaller proportion of hospitalized children after the epidemic than before, with preschool children accounting for most hospitalizations after the epidemic. The proportion of children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation who also had pneumonia was significantly smaller after the epidemic than before. Conversely, the proportion of children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation who also had allergic diseases was significantly greater after the epidemic than before. CONCLUSION The epidemiology of asthma exacerbation in children changed after the epidemic. Future efforts to manage the condition in the paediatric population should focus on severe asthma exacerbation, prevention and management of allergic diseases, and the influence of meteorological and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Ai
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijin Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Urbani F, Moretti S, Antonucci C, Afferni C, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170035. [PMID: 37483591 PMCID: PMC10358847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Antonucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Tavakoli-Far B, Iranshahi S, Ghaemi F, Akbarizadeh MR, Amin AH, Abedi Kiasari B, Mohammadzadeh Shabestari A. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127358. [PMID: 36875108 PMCID: PMC9981974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the induction of a cascade of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, cytokine storm is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis, directly related to the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Considering the lack of any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key inflammatory factors to regulate the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients could be a fundamental step to developing effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, in addition to well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, there is growing evidence of a central role of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ in the control of inflammatory signals in various human inflammatory diseases. This makes them attractive targets for developing therapeutic approaches to control/suppress the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by PPARs and their ligands during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) on the basis of the recent literature, highlight the importance of PPAR subtypes for the development of promising therapeutic approaches against the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Setare Iranshahi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Khorasan Covid-19 Scientific Committee, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghiglioni DG, Cozzi ETL, Castagnoli R, Bruschi G, Maffeis L, Marchisio PG, Marseglia GL, Licari A. Omalizumab may protect allergic patients against COVID-19: A systematic review. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100741. [PMID: 36644451 PMCID: PMC9826982 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Omalizumab, which downregulates the immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor site on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and thereby increases interferon-α (INF-α) production, may shorten the duration of viral infections by enhancing the antiviral immunity. A systematic review was conducted to investigate whether previous anti-IgE treatment with omalizumab could protect against SARS-CoV-2 disease ("COVID-19") (infection, disease duration, and severity), and whether IFN-α upregulation could be involved. The research included articles published from March 2020 to January 2022. An accurate search was performed on bibliographic biomedical database (MEDLINE - Pubmed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, BIOMED CENTRAL, Google scholar, COCHRANE LIBRARY, ClinicalTrial.gov) including cohorts, case reports and reviews. Different methods were used, based on the study design, to assess the quality of eligible studies. Several authors link omalizumab to a possible protection against viruses, but they often refer to studies carried out before the pandemic and with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) (eg, rhinoviruses -RV). Few cases of COVID-19 patients treated with omalizumab have been recorded, and, in most of them, no increased susceptibility to severe disease was observed. According to these data, the current indication is to continue omalizumab therapy during the pandemic. Moreover, although omalizumab may enhance the antiviral immune response even for SARS-CoV-2, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. It would be helpful to establish a registry of omalizumab-treated (or in treatment) patients who have developed COVID-19. Finally, randomized controlled trials could be able to demonstrate the effect of omalizumab in protecting against severe SARS-CoV-2, through IFN-α upregulation or other immunological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy,Corresponding author. Via della Commenda 9, 20122, Milano
| | | | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Maffeis
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Immunoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giovanna Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rawy AM, Sadek MS, Mogahed MM, Khamis A, Allam AH. Relationship between bronchial asthma and COVID-19 infection in adults: clinical and laboratory assessment. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2023; 17:12. [PMCID: PMC9940078 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-023-00183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is still considered a major chronic respiratory disease that affects a large number in the world. The association between COVID-19 infection and asthma was studied in different ways focusing on hospital-admitted patients. This study aimed to assess the outcome of patients with asthma and/or COVID infection in adults attending outpatient pulmonary clinic over three successive months from clinical and laboratory point of view. Patients and methods The current study was a retrospective observational study involving 898 patients attending the outpatient pulmonary clinic of a Saudi Arabian private hospital over three successive months from the 1st of December 2020 to the end of February 2021. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1—COVID-19 infected with asthma (312); group 2—COVID-19 infected with no asthma (286); and group 3—COVID-19 non-infected with asthma (300). Results and conclusions Results showed the best patient’s outcome was seen in asthmatic patients without COVID-19 infection followed by asthmatic patient with COVID-19 infection. There was a significant statistical difference in eosinophil count between COVID-19-infected patients with asthma and COVID-19 infected without asthma. Also, it was shown that the most common cause of hospitalization in asthmatic patients with COVID-19 infection was pneumonia followed by gastroenteritis and not an asthma exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Rawy
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13512 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Sadek
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13512 Egypt
| | - Mysara M. Mogahed
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Afaf Khamis
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amira H. Allam
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13512 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sansone NMS, Valencise FE, Bredariol RF, Peixoto AO, Marson FAL. Profile of coronavirus disease enlightened asthma as a protective factor against death: An epidemiology study from Brazil during the pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:953084. [PMID: 36523782 PMCID: PMC9745079 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.953084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The possibility that asthma is not a risk factor for the worst outcomes due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is encouraged. The increase in Th2 response dominance can downregulate the late phase of hyperinflammation, which is typically the hallmark of more severe respiratory viral infections, alongside lower angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors in patients with asthma due to chronic inflammation. Few studies associated asthma diagnosis and COVID-19 outcomes. In this context, we aimed to associate the asthma phenotype with the clinical signs, disease progression, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We performed an epidemiologic study using patients' characteristics from OpenDataSUS to verify the severity of COVID-19 among Brazilian hospitalized patients with and without the asthma phenotype according to the need for intensive care units, intubation, and deaths. We also evaluated the demographic data (sex, age, place of residence, educational level, and race), the profile of clinical signs, and the comorbidities. RESULTS Asthma was present in 43,245/1,129,838 (3.8%) patients. Among the patients with asthma, 74.7% who required invasive ventilatory support evolved to death. In contrast, 78.0% of non-asthmatic patients who required invasive ventilatory support died (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79-0.88). Also, 20.0% of the patients with asthma that required non-invasive ventilatory support evolved to death, while 23.5% of non-asthmatic patients evolved to death (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.79-0.84). Finally, only 11.2% of the patients with asthma who did not require any ventilatory support evolved to death, while 15.8% of non-asthmatic patients evolved to death (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.62-0.72). In our multivariate analysis, one comorbidity and one clinical characteristic stood out as protective factors against death during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients with asthma were less prone to die than other patients (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.73-0.85), just like puerperal patients (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.97) compared to other patients. CONCLUSION Asthma was a protective factor for death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Despite the study's limitations on patients' asthma phenotype information and corticosteroid usage, this study brings to light information regarding a prevalent condition that was considered a risk factor for death in COVID-19, being ultimately protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Mariana Santos Sansone
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Eduardo Valencise
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fumachi Bredariol
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Pediatric Investigation, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sbeih F, Gutierrez J, Saieed G, Chaaban MR. Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103469. [PMID: 35576660 PMCID: PMC8993453 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rationale of the study was to examine the association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and COVID-19 hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Cleveland Clinic hospital inpatient and outpatient. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients that were tested for COVID-19 at Cleveland Clinic. The study took place between March 8, 2020 and May 15, 2020. RESULTS From a total of 23,282 Patients that underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing, 996 COVID-19 negative and 998 COVID-19 positive patients were included in the analysis. COVID-19 positive patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were at higher risk for hospitalization compared to patients without CRS (39.2% vs 25.7%, p = 0.0486). There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death, After adjustment for covariates, our multivariate analysis showed that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were approximately 3.46 (OR = 3.19, 95% CI (1.12-10.68)) times more likely to be hospitalized compared to patients that have no CRS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis are associated with higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, albeit no increased risk of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Sbeih
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jorge Gutierrez
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - George Saieed
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ludwig A, Brehm CE, Fung C, Jia S, Troost JP, Leuenberger L, Kaakati R, Tarantine C, Christoph E, Sjoding MW, Lugogo N. Asthma and coronavirus disease 2019-related outcomes in hospitalized patients: A single-center experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:79-87.e6. [PMID: 35342017 PMCID: PMC8944118 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several chronic conditions have been associated with a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including asthma. However, there are conflicting conclusions regarding risk of severe disease in this population. OBJECTIVE To understand the impact of asthma on COVID-19 outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized patients and whether there is any association between asthma severity and worse outcomes. METHODS We identified hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with confirmatory polymerase chain reaction testing with (n = 183) and without asthma (n = 1319) using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes between March 1 and December 30, 2020. We determined asthma maintenance medications, pulmonary function tests, highest historical absolute eosinophil count, and immunoglobulin E. Primary outcomes included death, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Analysis was adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, smoking status, and timing of illness in the pandemic. RESULTS In unadjusted analyses, we found no difference in our primary outcomes between patients with asthma and patients without asthma. However, in adjusted analyses, patients with asthma were more likely to have mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.44; P = .04), ICU admission (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.29; P = .02), longer hospital length of stay (risk ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09-1.55; P < .003), and higher mortality (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.33; P = .04) compared with the non-asthma cohort. Inhaled corticosteroid use and eosinophilic phenotype were not associated with considerabledifferences. Interestingly, patients with moderate asthma had worse outcomes whereas patients with severe asthma did not. CONCLUSION Asthma was associated with severe COVID-19 after controlling for other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ludwig
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Caryn Elizabeth Brehm
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Christopher Fung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shijing Jia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan P Troost
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Rayan Kaakati
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Ella Christoph
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Njira Lugogo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morrison CB, Edwards CE, Shaffer KM, Araba KC, Wykoff JA, Williams DR, Asakura T, Dang H, Morton LC, Gilmore RC, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC, Baric RS, Ehre C. SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119680119. [PMID: 35353667 PMCID: PMC9169748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119680119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muco-obstructive lung diseases are typically associated with high risks of COVID-19 severity; however, allergic asthma showed reduced susceptibility. To investigate viral spread, primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and host–virus interactions were examined via electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and gene expression analyses. In HAE cell cultures, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression governed cell tropism and viral load and was up-regulated by infection. Electron microscopy identified intense viral egress from infected ciliated cells and severe cytopathogenesis, culminating in the shedding of ciliated cells packed with virions, providing a large viral reservoir for spread and transmission. Intracellular stores of MUC5AC, a major airway mucin involved in asthma, were rapidly depleted, likely to trap viruses. To mimic asthmatic airways, HAE cells were treated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), which reduced viral titers, viral messenger RNA, and cell shedding, and significantly diminished the number of infected cells. Although mucus hyperproduction played a shielding role, IL-13–treated cells maintained a degree of protection despite the removal of mucus. Using Gene Expression Omnibus databases, bulk RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that IL-13 up-regulated genes controlling glycoprotein synthesis, ion transport, and antiviral processes (albeit not the typical interferon-induced genes) and down-regulated genes involved in cilial function and ribosomal processing. More precisely, we showed that IL-13 reduced ACE2 expression, intracellular viral load, and cell-to-cell transmission while increasing the cilial keratan sulfate coating. In conclusion, intense viral and cell shedding caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection was attenuated by IL-13, which affected viral entry, replication, and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Caitlin E. Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kendall M. Shaffer
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kenza C. Araba
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Danielle R. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lisa C. Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Pulmonology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Flores-Torres AS, Samarasinghe AE. Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:852067. [PMID: 35386652 PMCID: PMC8974821 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.852067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Patients with allergic asthma, the most prevalent asthma endotype, are widely considered to possess a defective immune response against some respiratory infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, respiratory pathogens are associated with asthma development and exacerbations. However, growing data suggest that the immune milieu in allergic asthma may be beneficial during certain respiratory infections. Immunomodulatory asthma treatments, although beneficial, should then be carefully prescribed to avoid misuse and overuse as they can also alter the host microbiome. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent evidence of the correlations between allergic asthma and the most significant respiratory infectious agents that have a role in asthma pathogenesis. We also discuss the implications of current asthma therapeutics beyond symptom prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Amali E. Samarasinghe
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Persson C. Early humoral defense under the radar: microvascular-epithelial cooperation at airways infection in asthma and health. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L503-L506. [PMID: 35263205 PMCID: PMC8917927 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00470.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Persson
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al Heialy S, Ramakrishnan RK, Hamid Q. Recent advances in the immunopathogenesis of severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:455-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Adir Y, Saliba W, Beurnier A, Humbert M. Asthma and COVID-19: an update. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210152. [PMID: 34911694 PMCID: PMC8674937 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0152-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world faces the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have been raised that asthma patients could be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. However, it appears that asthma is not an independent risk factor for both. Furthermore, asthma is not over-represented in hospitalised patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and there was no increased risk of asthma exacerbations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. There is accumulating evidence that asthma phenotypes and comorbidities are important factors in evaluating the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, as findings suggest that Th2-high inflammation may reduce the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and disease severity in contrast to increased risk in patients with Th2-low asthma. The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is safe in asthma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it has been proposed that ICS may confer some degree of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe disease by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine in the lung. In contrast, chronic or recurrent use of systemic corticosteroids before SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major risk factor of poor outcomes and worst survival in asthma patients. Conversely, biological therapy for severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma does not increase the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 or having worse COVID-19 severity. In the present review we will summarise the current literature regarding asthma and COVID-19. Chronic or recurrent use of systemic corticosteroids before SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major risk factor of worst COVID-19 severity and survival in asthmatics as opposed to ICS and biological therapy which seems to be safe.https://bit.ly/3jU0zLR
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Adir
- Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel .,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Dept of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antoine Beurnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han X, Xu J, Hou H, Yang H, Wang Y. Impact of asthma on COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Evidence based on a meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108390. [PMID: 34844871 PMCID: PMC8611693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of asthma on the risk for mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the United States by a quantitative meta-analysis. METHODS A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 statistic, sensitivity analysis, Begg's test, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS The data based on 56 studies with 426,261 COVID-19 patients showed that there was a statistically significant association between pre-existing asthma and the reduced risk for COVID-19 mortality in the United States (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91). Subgroup analyses by age, male proportion, sample size, study design and setting demonstrated that pre-existing asthma was associated with a significantly reduced risk for COVID-19 mortality among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.87), male proportion ≥ 55% (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.87), male proportion < 55% (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.95), sample sizes ≥ 700 cases (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.91), retrospective study/case series (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75-0.89), prospective study (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98) and hospitalized patients (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91). Meta-regression did reveal none of factors mentioned above were possible reasons of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of our findings. No publication bias was detected in Begg's test (P = 0.4538). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated pre-existing asthma was significantly associated with a reduced risk for COVID-19 mortality in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueya Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongjie Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Imbalanced Immune Response of T-Cell and B-Cell Subsets in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101966. [PMID: 34696395 PMCID: PMC8538447 DOI: 10.3390/v13101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunological changes associated with COVID-19 are largely unknown. METHODS Patients with COVID-19 showing moderate (n = 18; SpO2 > 93%, respiratory rate > 22 per minute, CRP > 10 mg/L) and severe (n = 23; SpO2 < 93%, respiratory rate >30 per minute, PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg, permanent oxygen therapy, qSOFA > 2) infection, and 37 healthy donors (HD) were enrolled. Circulating T- and B-cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD4+Th cells were skewed toward Th2-like phenotypes within CD45RA+CD62L- (CM) and CD45RA-CD62L- (EM) cells in patients with severe COVID-19, while CM CCR6+ Th17-like cells were decreased if compared with HD. Within CM Th17-like cells "classical" Th17-like cells were increased and Th17.1-like cells were decreased in severe COVID-19 cases. Circulating CM follicular Th-like (Tfh) cells were decreased in all COVID-19 patients, and Tfh17-like cells represented the most predominant subset in severe COVID-19 cases. Both groups of patients showed increased levels of IgD-CD38++ B cells, while the levels of IgD+CD38- and IgD-CD38- were decreased. The frequency of IgD+CD27+ and IgD-CD27+ B cells was significantly reduced in severe COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS We showed an imbalance within almost all circulating memory Th subsets during acute COVID-19 and showed that altered Tfh polarization led to a dysregulated humoral immune response.
Collapse
|
18
|
De Jesus M, Ramachandra SS, Jafflin Z, Maliti I, Daughtery A, Shapiro B, Howell WC, Jackson MC. The Environmental and Social Determinants of Health Matter in a Pandemic: Predictors of COVID-19 Case and Death Rates in New York City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168416. [PMID: 34444164 PMCID: PMC8391665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our research objective was to determine which environmental and social factors were predictive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates in New York City (NYC), the original epicenter of the pandemic in the US, and any differential impacts among the boroughs. Data from various sources on the demographic, health, and environmental characteristics for NYC zip codes, neighborhoods, and boroughs were analyzed along with NYC government’s reported case and death rates by zip code. At the time of analysis, the Bronx had the highest COVID-19 case and death rates, while Manhattan had the lowest rates. Significant predictors of a higher COVID-19 case rate were determined to be proportion of residents aged 65 years plus; proportion of residents under 65 years with a disability; proportion of White residents; proportion of residents without health insurance; number of grocery stores; and a higher ozone level. For COVID-19 death rates, predictors include proportion of residents aged 65 years plus; proportion of residents who are not US citizens; proportion on food stamps; proportion of White residents; proportion of residents under 65 years without health insurance; and a higher level of ozone. Results across boroughs were mixed, which highlights the unique demographic, socioeconomic, and community characteristics of each borough. To reduce COVID-19 inequities, it is vital that the NYC government center the environmental and social determinants of health in policies and community-engaged interventions adapted to each borough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Jesus
- School of International Service and Center on Health, Risk, and Society, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shalini S. Ramachandra
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (W.C.H.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Zoe Jafflin
- School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Imani Maliti
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA;
| | - Aquilah Daughtery
- Department of Mathematics, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Benjamin Shapiro
- Department of Computer Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - William C. Howell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (W.C.H.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Monica C. Jackson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (W.C.H.); (M.C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
De Filippo M, Votto M, Licari A, Pagella F, Benazzo M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting endotypes of severe airway disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1303-1316. [PMID: 34056983 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1937132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), are heterogeneous diseases characterized by different mechanistic pathways (endotypes) and variable clinical presentations (phenotypes).Areas covered: This review provides the clinician with an overview of the prevalence and clinical impact of severe chronic upper and lower airways disease and suggests a novel therapeutic approach with biological agents with possible biomarkers. To select relevant literature for inclusion in this review, we conducted a literature search using the PubMed database, using terms 'severe airways disease' AND 'endotype' AND 'treatment.' The literature review was performed for publication years 2010-2020, restricting the articles to humans and English language publications.Expert opinion: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought forth many challenges for patients with severe airway disease and healthcare practitioners involved in care. These patients could have an increased risk of developing severe SARS-CoV-2 disease, although treatment with biologics is not associated with a worse prognosis. Eosinopenia on hospital admission plays a key role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Filippo
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Votto
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagella
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|