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Ziegler AA, Lawton SBR, Grobe CC, Reho JJ, Freudinger BP, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Grobe JL, Segar JL. Early-life sodium deprivation programs long-term changes in ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R576-R592. [PMID: 37720996 PMCID: PMC10866575 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal growth failure remains a significant problem for infants born prematurely, despite aggressive efforts to improve perinatal nutrition. Though often dysregulated in early life when children are born preterm, sodium (Na) homeostasis is vital to achieve optimal growth. We hypothesize that insufficient Na supply in this critical period contributes to growth restriction and programmed risks for cardiometabolic disease in later adulthood. Thus, we sought to ascertain the effects of prolonged versus early-life Na depletion on weight gain, body composition, food and water intake behaviors, and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. In one study, mice were provided a low (0.04%)- or normal/high (0.30%)-Na diet between 3 and 18 wk of age. Na-restricted mice demonstrated delayed growth and elevated basal metabolic rate. In a second study, mice were provided 0.04% or 0.30% Na diet between 3 and 6 wk of age and then returned to standard (0.15%)-Na diet through the end of the study. Na-restricted mice exhibited growth delays that quickly caught up on return to standard diet. Between 6 and 18 wk of age, previously restricted mice exhibited sustained, programmed changes in feeding behaviors, reductions in total food intake, and increases in water intake and aerobic energy expenditure while maintaining normal body composition. Although having no effect in control mice, administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium abolished the programmed increase in basal metabolic rate in previously restricted mice. Together these data indicate that early-life Na restriction can cause programmed changes in ingestive behaviors, autonomic function, and energy expenditure that persist well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel B R Lawton
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bonnie P Freudinger
- Engineering Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Tan L, Long LZ, Ma XC, Yang WW, Liao FF, Peng YX, Lu JM, Shen AL, An DQ, Qu H, Fu CG. Association of body mass index trajectory and hypertension risk: A systematic review of cohort studies and network meta-analysis of 89,094 participants. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:941341. [PMID: 36684600 PMCID: PMC9846820 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.941341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Body mass index (BMI) trajectories, such as non-linear time trends and nonlinear changes in BMI with age, can provide information on the underlying temporal health patterns. The relationship between BMI trajectories and the risk of hypertension remains controversial. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to January 31, 2022. We categorized BMI trajectories as "Stable high," "table normal," "Stable low," "Fluctuated (sharp increase)," and "Fluctuated (elevated-decrease)." The main outcome was the relative risk for the prevalence of hypertension in the different BMI trajectories. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. A publication bias test and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were also used. Results The 18 cohort studies included 89,094 participants. Compared with the "Stable normal" trajectory, "Stable high," "Fluctuated (sharp increase)," and "Fluctuated (elevated-decrease)" trajectories were associated with an increased relative risk of hypertension: [RR (95% CI)]: 1.80 (1.29 2.50), p < 0.001; 1.53 (1.27 1.83), p < 0.001; 1.30 (1.24 1.37), p = 0.001, respectively. The "Stable low" trajectory was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension [0.83 (0.79 0.83), p < 0.001]. The "Stable high" trajectory (surface under the cumulative ranking curve = 88.1%) had the highest probability of developing hypertension in the population. The certainty of the evidence for direct comparisons of the incidence of hypertension between various BMI trajectories was generally very low. Conclusion Our findings suggested that "Stable high," "Fluctuated (sharp increase)," and "Fluctuated (elevated-decrease)" trajectories were associated with an increased relative risk of hypertension, with the "Stable high" trajectory most likely associated with hypertension. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=308575], identifier [CRD42022308575].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-zi Long
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-chang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-wen Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-fei Liao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-xuan Peng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-ming Lu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - A-ling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-qing An
- Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China,Hua Qu,
| | - Chang-geng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Research Center of TCM, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chang-geng Fu,
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3
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Kalenga CZ, Ramesh S, Dumanski SM, MacRae JM, Nerenberg K, Metcalfe A, Sola DY, Ahmed SB. Sex influences the effect of adiposity on arterial stiffness and renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system activity in young adults. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e00317. [PMID: 34954909 PMCID: PMC8917865 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Z. Kalenga
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sharanya Ramesh
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra M. Dumanski
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Kidney Disease Network Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Jennifer M. MacRae
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Kara Nerenberg
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Amy Metcalfe
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Darlene Y. Sola
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sofia B. Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Kidney Disease Network Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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4
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Su H, Liu N, Zhang Y, Kong J. Vitamin D/VDR regulates peripheral energy homeostasis via central renin-angiotensin system. J Adv Res 2021; 33:69-80. [PMID: 34603779 PMCID: PMC8463910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some epidemiological studies have revealed that vitamin D (VD) deficiency is closely linked with the prevalence of obesity, however, the role of VD in energy homeostasis is yet to be investigated, especially in central nervous system. Given that VD negatively regulates renin in adipose tissue, we hypothesized that central VD might play a potential role in energy homeostasis. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the potential role of VD in energy homeostasis in the CNS and elaborate its underlying mechanisms. Methods This study was conducted in Cyp27b1−/− mice, VD-treated and wild-type mice. After the intraventricular injection of renin or its inhibitors, the changes of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its down-stream pathway as well as their effects on metabolic rate were examined. Results The RAS activity was enhanced in Cyp27b1−/− mice, exhibiting a increased metabolic rate. Additionally, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a RAS-mediated protein regulating energy metabolism in the hypothalamus, increased significantly in Cyp27b1−/− mice. While in VD-treated group, the RAS and sympathetic nerve activities were slightly inhibited, hence the reduced metabolic rate. Conclusion Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the VD/vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a significant impact on energy homeostasis through the modulation of RAS activity in the hypothalamus, subsequently altering CRH expression and sympathetic nervous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Berberine Reshapes the Balance of the Local Renin-Angiotensin System by Modulating Autophagy under Metabolic Stress in Pancreatic Islets. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9928986. [PMID: 34394712 PMCID: PMC8356011 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9928986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Results Prolonged exposure to palmitate increased the expression of ACE and AngII type 1 receptor (ATR1) and decreased the ACE2 expression, which was partly offset by berberine. In ob/ob mice, berberine increased in tolerance to glucose, improved abnormal β-cell and α-cell distributions, upregulated ACE2 expression, and decreased autophagosomes and the expression of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Autophagosomes and expression of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 were increased in ACE2KO mice. Conclusions We demonstrated that berberine may improve the pancreatic islet function by regulating local RAS-mediated autophagy under metabolic stress.
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Deng Y, Deng G, Grobe JL, Cui H. Hypothalamic GPCR Signaling Pathways in Cardiometabolic Control. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691226. [PMID: 34262481 PMCID: PMC8274634 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with sympathetic overdrive, which is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying obesity development with central origin; however, the relative contribution of these molecular changes to the regulation of cardiovascular function remains vague. A variety of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their downstream signaling pathways activated in distinct hypothalamic neurons by different metabolic hormones, neuropeptides and monoamine neurotransmitters are crucial not only for the regulation of appetite and metabolic homeostasis but also for the sympathetic control of cardiovascular function. In this review, we will highlight the main GPCRs and associated hypothalamic nuclei that are important for both metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular function. The potential downstream molecular mediators of these GPCRs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- FOE Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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7
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Vehicle emissions-exposure alters expression of systemic and tissue-specific components of the renin-angiotensin system and promotes outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity in wild-type C57BL/6 male mice. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:846-862. [PMID: 33948438 PMCID: PMC8080412 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vehicle emission-exposure increases systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin signaling. Emission-exposure promotes renal, vascular, and adipocyte AT1 receptor expression. Diet and emission-exposure are associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and weight gain. Emission-exposure promotes expression of adipokines and adipose inflammatory factors. High-fat diet promotes an obese adipose phenotype, exacerbated by emission-exposure.
Exposure to air pollution from traffic-generated sources is known to contribute to the etiology of inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity; however, the signaling pathways involved are still under investigation. Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can contribute to CVD and alter lipid storage and inflammation in adipose tissue. Our previous exposure studies revealed that traffic-generated emissions increase RAS signaling, further exacerbated by a high-fat diet. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to engine emissions increases systemic and local adipocyte RAS signaling, promoting the expression of factors involved in CVD and obesity. Male C57BL/6 mice (6–8 wk old) were fed either a high-fat (HF, n = 16) or low-fat (LF, n = 16) diet, beginning 30d prior to exposures, and then exposed via inhalation to either filtered air (FA, controls) or a mixture of diesel engine + gasoline engine vehicle emissions (MVE: 100 μg PM/m3) via whole-body inhalation for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk, 30d. Endpoints were assessed via immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. MVE-exposure promoted vascular adhesion factors (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) expression, monocyte/macrophage sequestration, and oxidative stress in the vasculature, associated with increased angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) expression. In the kidney, MVE-exposure promoted the expression of renin, AT1, and AT2 receptors. In adipose tissue, both HF-diet and MVE-exposure mediated increased epididymal fat pad weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with increased angiotensinogen and AT1 receptor expression; however, these outcomes were further exacerbated in the MVE + HF group. MVE-exposure also induced inflammation, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and leptin, while reducing insulin receptor and glucose transporter, GLUT4, expression in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that MVE-exposure promotes systemic and local adipose RAS signaling, associated with increased expression of factors contributing to CVD and obesity, further exacerbated by HF diet consumption.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- AGT, angiotensinogen
- AT1, angiotensin II receptor subtype 1
- AT2, angiotensin II receptor subtype 2
- Adipose
- Air pollution
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CVD
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- FA, filtered air (controls)
- GLUT-4, glucose transporter type 4
- HF, high-fat diet
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-β, interleukin beta
- IR, insulin receptor
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LF, low-fat diet
- LOX-1, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MOMA-2, anti-monocyte + macrophage antibody
- MVE, mixed gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions
- Obesity
- PM, particulate matter
- RAS, renin-angiotensin system
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renin-angiotensin system
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- vWF, Von Willebrand factor
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8
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Segar JL, Balapattabi K, Reho JJ, Grobe CC, Burnett CML, Grobe JL. Quantification of body fluid compartmentalization by combined time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R44-R54. [PMID: 33085913 PMCID: PMC7847054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of fluid compartmentalization, or the distribution of fluid volume between extracellular (ECF) and intracellular (ICF) spaces, historically requires complicated, burdensome, and often terminal methodologies that do not permit repeated or longitudinal experiments. New technologies including time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)-based methods allow for highly accurate measurements of total body water (TBW) within minutes in a noninvasive manner, but do not permit dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs. In contrast, methods such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) allow dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs but are hampered by dependence on many nuanced details in data collection that undermine confidence in experimental results. Here, we present a novel combinatorial use of these two technologies (NMR/BIS) to improve the accuracy of BIS-based assessments of ECF and ICF, while maintaining the advantages of these minimally invasive methods. Briefly, mice undergo TD-NMR and BIS-based measures, and then fat masses as derived by TD-NMR are used to correct BIS outputs. Mice of the C57BL/6J background were studied using NMR/BIS methods to assess the effects of acute furosemide injection and diet-induced obesity on fluid compartmentalization, and to examine the influence of sex, body mass and composition, and diet on TBW, ECF, and ICF. We discovered that in mice, sex and body size/composition have substantial and interactive effects on fluid compartmentalization. We propose that the combinatorial use of NMR/BIS methods will enable a revisioning of the types of longitudinal, kinetic studies that can be performed to understand the impact of various interventions on body fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Segar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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9
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Sapouckey SA, Morselli LL, Deng G, Patil CN, Balapattabi K, Oliveira V, Claflin KE, Gomez J, Pearson NA, Potthoff MJ, Gibson-Corley KN, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Exploration of cardiometabolic and developmental significance of angiotensinogen expression by cells expressing the leptin receptor or agouti-related peptide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R855-R869. [PMID: 32186897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00297.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) Agtr1a receptor (AT1A) is expressed in cells of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that express the leptin receptor (Lepr) and agouti-related peptide (Agrp). Agtr1a expression in these cells is required to stimulate resting energy expenditure in response to leptin and high-fat diets (HFDs), but the mechanism activating AT1A signaling by leptin remains unclear. To probe the role of local paracrine/autocrine ANG II generation and signaling in this mechanism, we bred mice harboring a conditional allele for angiotensinogen (Agt, encoding AGT) with mice expressing Cre-recombinase via the Lepr or Agrp promoters to cause cell-specific deletions of Agt (AgtLepr-KO and AgtAgrp-KO mice, respectively). AgtLepr-KO mice were phenotypically normal, arguing against a paracrine/autocrine AGT signaling mechanism for metabolic control. In contrast, AgtAgrp-KO mice exhibited reduced preweaning survival, and surviving adults exhibited altered renal structure and steroid flux, paralleling previous reports of animals with whole body Agt deficiency or Agt disruption in albumin (Alb)-expressing cells (thought to cause liver-specific disruption). Surprisingly, adult AgtAgrp-KO mice exhibited normal circulating AGT protein and hepatic Agt mRNA expression but reduced Agt mRNA expression in adrenal glands. Reanalysis of RNA-sequencing data sets describing transcriptomes of normal adrenal glands suggests that Agrp and Alb are both expressed in this tissue, and fluorescent reporter gene expression confirms Cre activity in adrenal gland of both Agrp-Cre and Alb-Cre mice. These findings lead to the iconoclastic conclusion that extrahepatic (i.e., adrenal) expression of Agt is critically required for normal renal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sapouckey
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chetan N Patil
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kristin E Claflin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Javier Gomez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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The renin-angiotensin system in the arcuate nucleus controls resting metabolic rate. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 28:120-127. [PMID: 30531199 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity represents the primary challenge to improving cardiovascular health, and suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is implicated in the maintenance of obesity. Increasing evidence supports a major role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) within the brain in the control of RMR. RECENT FINDINGS The angiotensin II (ANG) Agtr1a receptor colocalizes with the leptin receptor (Lepr) primarily within cells of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus that also express Agouti-related peptide (Agrp). This sub-population of Agtr1a receptors is required for stimulation of thermogenic sympathetic nervous activity and RMR, but not the suppression of food intake or increasing blood pressure, in response to various stimuli including high-fat diet, deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt, and leptin. Agtr1a is localized to a specific subset (SST3) of Agrp neurons within the ARC. SUMMARY The RAS within the ARC is implicated specifically in RMR control, primarily through Agtr1a localized to the SST3 subset of Agrp neurons. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the unique anatomical projections, neurotransmitter utilization, and signal transduction pathways of Agtr1a within this subset of neurons. Understanding these projections and molecular mechanisms may identify therapeutic targets for RMR and thus obesity, independent of blood pressure and appetite.
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11
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Perschbacher KJ, Deng G, Sandgren JA, Walsh JW, Witcher PC, Sapouckey SA, Owens CE, Zhang SY, Scroggins SM, Pearson NA, Devor EJ, Sebag JA, Pierce GL, Fisher RA, Kwitek AE, Santillan DA, Gibson-Corley KN, Sigmund CD, Santillan MK, Grobe JL. Reduced mRNA Expression of RGS2 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling-2) in the Placenta Is Associated With Human Preeclampsia and Sufficient to Cause Features of the Disorder in Mice. Hypertension 2019; 75:569-579. [PMID: 31865781 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cascade-specific termination of G protein signaling is catalyzed by the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family members, including RGS2. Angiotensin, vasopressin, and endothelin are implicated in preeclampsia, and RGS2 is known to inhibit G protein cascades activated by these hormones. Mutations in RGS2 are associated with human hypertension and increased risk of developing preeclampsia and its sequelae. RGS family members are known to influence maternal vascular function, but the role of RGS2 within the placenta has not been explored. Here, we hypothesized that reduced expression of RGS2 within the placenta represents a risk factor for the development of preeclampsia. Although cAMP/CREB signaling was enriched in placentas from human pregnancies affected by preeclampsia compared with clinically matched controls and RGS2 is known to be a CREB-responsive gene, RGS2 mRNA was reduced in placentas from pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. Experimentally reducing Rgs2 expression within the feto-placental unit was sufficient to induce preeclampsia-like phenotypes in pregnant wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Stimulation of RGS2 transcription within immortalized human HTR8/SVneo trophoblasts by cAMP/CREB signaling was discovered to be dependent on the activity of histone deacetylase activity, and more specifically, HDAC9 (histone deacetylase-9), and HDAC9 expression was reduced in placentas from human pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. We conclude that reduced expression of RGS2 within the placenta may mechanistically contribute to preeclampsia. More generally, this work identifies RGS2 as an HDAC9-dependent CREB-responsive gene, which may contribute to reduced RGS2 expression in placenta during preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Perschbacher
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Guorui Deng
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jeremy A Sandgren
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - John W Walsh
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Phillip C Witcher
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Sarah A Sapouckey
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Caitlyn E Owens
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Shao Yang Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Sabrina M Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.M.S., E.J.D., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.M.S., E.J.D., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Julien A Sebag
- Department of Physiology (J.A.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (G.L.P., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Rory A Fisher
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.J.P., G.D., J.A.S., J.W.W., P.C.W., S.A.S., C.E.O., S.Y.Z., N.A.P., R.A.F.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Medicine (A.E.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.M.S., E.J.D., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (G.L.P., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | | | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.M.S., E.J.D., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (G.L.P., D.A.S., M.K.S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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12
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Zhang Y, Somers KR, Becari C, Polonis K, Pfeifer MA, Allen AM, Kellogg TA, Covassin N, Singh P. Comparative Expression of Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Proteins in Visceral Versus Subcutaneous Fat. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1370. [PMID: 30364113 PMCID: PMC6191467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution contributes to obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Visceral fat is more detrimental than subcutaneous fat. However, the mechanisms underlying visceral fat-mediated cardiometabolic dysregulation are not completely understood. Localized increases in expression of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in adipose tissue (AT) may be implicated. We therefore investigated mRNA and protein expression of RAS components in visceral versus subcutaneous AT using paired samples from individuals undergoing surgery (N = 20, body mass index: 45.6 ± 6.2 kg/m2, and age: 44.6 ± 9.1 years). We also examined RAS-related proteins in AT obtained from individuals on renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) targeted drugs (N = 10, body mass index: 47.2 ± 9.3 kg/m2, and age: 53.3 ± 10.1 years). Comparison of protein expression between subcutaneous and visceral AT samples showed an increase in renin (p = 0.004) and no change in angiotensinogen (p = 0.987) expression in visceral AT. Among proteins involved in angiotensin peptide generation, angiotensin converting enzyme (p = 0.02) was increased in subcutaneous AT while chymase (p = 0.001) and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (p = 0.001) were elevated in visceral fat. Furthermore, visceral fat expression of angiotensin II type-2 receptor (p = 0.007) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (p = 0.031) was higher, and MAS receptor (p < 0.001) was lower. Phosphorylated-p53 (p = 0.147), AT fibrosis (p = 0.138) and average adipocyte size (p = 0.846) were similar in the two depots. Nonetheless, visceral AT showed increased mRNA expression of inflammatory (TNFα, p < 0.001; IL-6, p = 0.001) and oxidative stress markers (NOX2, p = 0.038; NOX4, p < 0.001). Of note, mRNA and protein expression of RAS components did not differ between subjects taking or not taking RAAS related drugs. In summary, several RAS related proteins are differentially expressed in subcutaneous versus visceral AT. This differential expression may not alter AngII but likely increases Ang1-7 generation in visceral fat. These potential differences in active angiotensin peptides and receptor expression in the two depots suggest that localized RAS may not be involved in differences in visceral vs subcutaneous AT function in obese individuals. Our findings do not support a role for localized RAS differences in visceral fat-mediated development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kiran R Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christiane Becari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Katarzyna Polonis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michaela A Pfeifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alina M Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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13
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Ohki K, Wakui H, Kishio N, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Yamaji T, Yamada T, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Imajo K, Nakajima A, Kato I, Ohashi K, Tamura K. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-associated Protein Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Insulin Resistance with Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2846. [PMID: 29434287 PMCID: PMC5809432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of AT1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) in adipose tissue improves high fat diet (HFD)-induced visceral obesity and insulin resistance, and suppresses adipose oxidative stress. However, HFD loading is not a direct stimulatory factor for AT1 receptor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic, low-dose angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and functional role of ATRAP. ATRAP expression was higher in adipose tissue (5–10-fold) and skeletal muscle tissue (approximately 1.6-fold) in ATRAP transgenic (TG) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. After Ang II infusion, insulin sensitivity was impaired in WT mice, but this response was suppressed in TG mice. Unexpectedly, Ang II infusion did not affect the adipose tissue profile in WT or TG mice. However, in skeletal muscle tissue, Ang II stimulus caused an increase in oxidative stress and activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in a decrease in glucose transporter type 4 expression in WT mice. These responses were suppressed in TG mice. Our study suggests that Ang II-induced insulin resistance is suppressed by increased ATRAP expression in skeletal muscle tissue. Hyperactivity of AT1 receptor could be related to formation of insulin resistance related to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Kishio
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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14
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Faulkner JL, Belin de Chantemèle EJ. Sex Differences in Mechanisms of Hypertension Associated With Obesity. Hypertension 2017; 71:15-21. [PMID: 29133358 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Faulkner
- From the Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
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15
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Bruce EB, de Kloet AD. The intricacies of the renin-angiotensin-system in metabolic regulation. Physiol Behav 2017; 178:157-165. [PMID: 27887998 PMCID: PMC5600901 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), which is best-known as an endocrine system with established roles in hydromineral balance and blood pressure control, has emerged as a fundamental regulator of many additional physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this manuscript, we celebrate and honor Randall Sakai's commitment to his trainees, as well as his contribution to science. Scientifically, Randall made many notable contributions to the recognition of the RAS's roles in brain and behavior. His interests, in this regard, ranged from its traditionally-accepted roles in hydromineral balance, to its less-appreciated functions in stress responses and energy metabolism. Here we review the current understanding of the role of the RAS in the regulation of metabolism. In particular, the opposing actions of the RAS within adipose tissue vs. its actions within the brain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Bruce
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, United States
| | - Annette D de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States.
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16
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Le Jemtel TH, Richardson W, Samson R, Jaiswal A, Oparil S. Pathophysiology and Potential Non-Pharmacologic Treatments of Obesity or Kidney Disease Associated Refractory Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:18. [PMID: 28243928 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review assesses the role of non-pharmacologic therapy for obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated refractory hypertension (rf HTN). RECENT FINDINGS Hypertensive patients with markedly heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are prone to develop refractory hypertension (rfHTN). Patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated HTN have particularly heightened SNS activity and are at high risk of rfHTN. The role of bariatric surgery is increasingly recognized in treatment of obesity. Current evidence advocates for a greater role of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity-associated HTN. In contrast, renal denervation does not appear have a role in the management of obesity or CKD-associated HTN. The role of baroreflex activation as adjunctive anti-hypertensive therapy remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-42, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rohan Samson
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Ohki K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Matsuda M, Ohsawa M, Maeda A, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S, Tamura K. ATRAP Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue Does Not Influence the Development of Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030676. [PMID: 28335584 PMCID: PMC5372686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mainly mediated by an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R), plays an important role in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We have shown that AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), a specific binding protein of AT1R, functions as an endogenous inhibitor to prevent excessive activation of tissue RAS. In the present study, we newly generated ATRAP/Agtrap-floxed (ATRAPfl/fl) mice and adipose tissue-specific ATRAP downregulated (ATRAPadipoq) mice by the Cre/loxP system using Adipoq-Cre. Using these mice, we examined the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Compared with ATRAPfl/fl mice, ATRAPadipoq mice exhibited a decreased ATRAP expression in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) by approximately 30% and 85%, respectively. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, ATRAPfl/fl mice showed decreased endogenous ATRAP expression in WAT that was equivalent to ATRAPadipoq mice, and there was no difference in the exacerbation of dietary obesity and glucose and lipid metabolism. These results indicate that ATRAP in BAT does not influence the pathogenesis of dietary obesity or metabolic disorders. Future studies that modulate ATRAP in WAT are necessary to assess its in vivo functions in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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18
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Azushima K, Ohki K, Wakui H, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Matsuda M, Maeda A, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S, Tamura K. Adipocyte-Specific Enhancement of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Associated Protein Ameliorates Diet-Induced Visceral Obesity and Insulin Resistance. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004488. [PMID: 28264860 PMCID: PMC5524000 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The renin–angiotensin system has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of visceral obesity. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a major player in the signal transduction of the renin–angiotensin system, and the overactivation of this signaling contributes to the progression of visceral obesity. We have shown that the AT1R‐associated protein (ATRAP) promotes AT1R internalization from the cell surface into cytoplasm along with the suppression of overactivation of tissue AT1R signaling. In this study, we examined whether the enhancement of adipose ATRAP expression could efficiently prevent diet‐induced visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Methods and Results We generated adipocyte‐specific ATRAP transgenic mice using a 5.4‐kb adiponectin promoter, and transgenic mice and littermate control mice were fed either a low‐ or high‐fat diet for 10 weeks. Although the physiological phenotypes of the transgenic and control mice fed a low‐fat diet were comparable, the transgenic mice exhibited significant protection against high‐fat diet–induced adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and insulin resistance concomitant with an attenuation of adipose inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and adipokine dysregulation. In addition, when mice were fed a high‐fat diet, the adipose expression of glucose transporter type 4 was significantly elevated and the level of adipose phospho‐p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase was significantly attenuated in the transgenic mice compared with control mice. Conclusions Results presented in this study suggested that the enhancement in adipose ATRAP plays a protective role against the development of diet‐induced visceral obesity and insulin resistance through improvement of adipose inflammation and function via the suppression of overactivation of adipose AT1R signaling. Consequently, adipose tissue ATRAP is suggested to be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Claflin KE, Sandgren JA, Lambertz AM, Weidemann BJ, Littlejohn NK, Burnett CML, Pearson NA, Morgan DA, Gibson-Corley KN, Rahmouni K, Grobe JL. Angiotensin AT1A receptors on leptin receptor-expressing cells control resting metabolism. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1414-1424. [PMID: 28263184 DOI: 10.1172/jci88641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin contributes to the control of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood pressure (BP) through its actions in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin AT1 receptors within the brain are also involved in the control of RMR and BP, but whether this regulation overlaps with leptin's actions is unclear. Here, we have demonstrated the selective requirement of the AT1A receptor in leptin-mediated control of RMR. We observed that AT1A receptors colocalized with leptin receptors (LEPRs) in the ARC. Cellular coexpression of AT1A and LEPR was almost exclusive to the ARC and occurred primarily within neurons expressing agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Mice lacking the AT1A receptor specifically in LEPR-expressing cells failed to show an increase in RMR in response to a high-fat diet and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) treatments, but BP control remained intact. Accordingly, loss of RMR control was recapitulated in mice lacking AT1A in AgRP-expressing cells. We conclude that angiotensin activates divergent mechanisms to control BP and RMR and that the brain RAS functions as a major integrator for RMR control through its actions at leptin-sensitive AgRP cells of the ARC.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a major role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in energy balance physiology. The RAS exists as a circulating system but also as a local paracrine/autocrine signaling mechanism in target tissues including the gastrointestinal tract, the brain, the kidney, and distinct adipose beds. Through activation of various receptors in these target tissues, the RAS contributes to the control of food intake behavior, digestive efficiency, spontaneous physical activity, and aerobic and anaerobic resting metabolism. Although the assortment of methodologies available to assess the various aspects of energy balance can be daunting for an investigator new to this area, a relatively straightforward array of entry-level and advanced methodologies can be employed to comprehensively and quantitatively dissect the effects of experimental manipulations on energy homeostasis. Such methodologies and a simple initial workflow for the use of these methods are described in this chapter, including the use of metabolic caging systems, bomb calorimetry, body composition analyzers, respirometry systems, and direct calorimetry systems. Finally, a brief discussion of the statistical analyses of metabolic data is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-307 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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21
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Pais R, Rievaj J, Larraufie P, Gribble F, Reimann F. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Dependent GLP-1 and PYY Secretion in Mice and Humans. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3821-3831. [PMID: 27447725 PMCID: PMC5045501 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the key hormone mediator of the renin angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Here we report that in the colonic epithelium, the Ang II type 1 receptor is highly and exclusively expressed in enteroendocrine L cells, which produce the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (PYY). Ang II stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 and PYY release from primary cultures of mouse and human colon, which was antagonized by the specific Ang II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan. Ang II raised intracellular calcium levels in L cells in primary cultures, recorded by live-cell imaging of L cells specifically expressing the fluorescent calcium sensor GCaMP3. In Ussing chamber recordings, Ang II reduced short circuit currents in mouse distal colon preparations, which was antagonized by candesartan or a specific neuropeptide Y1 receptor inhibitor but insensitive to amiloride. We conclude that Ang II stimulates PYY secretion, in turn inhibiting epithelial anion fluxes, thereby reducing net fluid secretion into the colonic lumen. Our findings highlight an important role of colonic L cells in whole-body fluid homeostasis by controlling water loss through the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Pais
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Rievaj
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Shamansurova Z, Tan P, Ahmed B, Pepin E, Seda O, Lavoie JL. Adipose tissue (P)RR regulates insulin sensitivity, fat mass and body weight. Mol Metab 2016; 5:959-969. [PMID: 27689008 PMCID: PMC5034688 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that the handle-region peptide, a prorenin/renin receptor [(P)RR] blocker, reduces body weight and fat mass and may improve insulin sensitivity in high-fat fed mice. We hypothesized that knocking out the adipose tissue (P)RR gene would prevent weight gain and insulin resistance. METHODS An adipose tissue-specific (P)RR knockout (KO) mouse was created by Cre-loxP technology using AP2-Cre recombinase mice. Because the (P)RR gene is located on the X chromosome, hemizygous males were complete KO and had a more pronounced phenotype on a normal diet (ND) diet compared to heterozygous KO females. Therefore, we challenged the female mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) to uncover certain phenotypes. Mice were maintained on either diet for 9 weeks. RESULTS KO mice had lower body weights compared to wild-types (WT). Only hemizygous male KO mice presented with lower total fat mass, higher total lean mass as well as smaller adipocytes compared to WT mice. Although food intake was similar between genotypes, locomotor activity during the active period was increased in both male and female KO mice. Interestingly, only male KO mice had increased O2 consumption and CO2 production during the entire 24-hour period, suggesting an increased basal metabolic rate. Although glycemia during a glucose tolerance test was similar, KO males as well as HFD-fed females had lower plasma insulin and C-peptide levels compared to WT mice, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Remarkably, all KO animals exhibited higher circulating adiponectin levels, suggesting that this phenotype can occur even in the absence of a significant reduction in adipose tissue weight, as observed in females and, thus, may be a specific effect related to the (P)RR. CONCLUSIONS (P)RR may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications such as type 2 diabetes.
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Key Words
- (P)RR, prorenin/renin receptor
- (Pro)renin receptor
- ANG, Angiotensin
- Adipose tissue
- Adipose tissue knock-out mice
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BB, beam break
- HACT, horizontal activity
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HRP, handle-region peptide
- Insulin resistance
- KO, knock-out
- ND, normal diet
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- Obesity
- PGF, perigonadal fat
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
- PRA, plasma renin activity
- PRF, perirenal fat
- RAS, renin-angiotensin system
- Renin-angiotensin system
- SE, standard error
- SFC, abdominal subcutaneous fat
- SM, skeletal muscle
- SMG, submandibular gland
- TG, triglycerides
- V-ATPase, vacuolar proton pump H+-ATPase
- VCO2, carbon dioxide production
- VO2, oxygen consumption
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulaykho Shamansurova
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Tan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basma Ahmed
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Pepin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ondrej Seda
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie L Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Littlejohn NK, Keen HL, Weidemann BJ, Claflin KE, Tobin KV, Markan KR, Park S, Naber MC, Gourronc FA, Pearson NA, Liu X, Morgan DA, Klingelhutz AJ, Potthoff MJ, Rahmouni K, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Suppression of Resting Metabolism by the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1548-1560. [PMID: 27477281 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) stimulates energy expenditure through increasing of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), and this effect requires simultaneous suppression of the circulating and/or adipose RAS. To identify the mechanism by which the peripheral RAS opposes RMR control by the brain RAS, we examined mice with transgenic activation of the brain RAS (sRA mice). sRA mice exhibit increased RMR through increased energy flux in the inguinal adipose tissue, and this effect is attenuated by angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) activation. AT2 activation in inguinal adipocytes opposes norepinephrine-induced uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) production and aspects of cellular respiration, but not lipolysis. AT2 activation also opposes inguinal adipocyte function and differentiation responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF). These results highlight a major, multifaceted role for AT2 within inguinal adipocytes in the control of RMR. The AT2 receptor may therefore contribute to body fat distribution and adipose depot-specific effects upon cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry L Keen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Kristin E Claflin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin V Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kathleen R Markan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sungmi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meghan C Naber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aloysius J Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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24
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Angiotensin II Stimulation of DPP4 Activity Regulates Megalin in the Proximal Tubules. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050780. [PMID: 27213360 PMCID: PMC4881597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a marker of incipient kidney injury in many disorders, including obesity. Previously, we demonstrated that megalin, a receptor endocytotic protein in the proximal tubule, is downregulated in obese mice, which was prevented by inhibition of dipeptidyl protease 4 (DPP4). Obesity is thought to be associated with upregulation of intra-renal angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling via the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Ang II suppresses megalin expression in proximal tubule cells in vitro. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that Ang II will suppress megalin protein via activation of DPP4. We used Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) infusion in mice and Ang II (10−8 M) treatment of T35OK-AT1R proximal tubule cells to test our hypothesis. Ang II-infused mouse kidneys displayed increases in DPP4 activity and decreases in megalin. In proximal tubule cells, Ang II stimulated DPP4 activity concurrent with suppression of megalin. MK0626, a DPP4 inhibitor, partially restored megalin expression similar to U0126, a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor and AG1478, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Similarly, Ang II-induced ERK phosphorylation was suppressed with MK0626 and Ang II-induced DPP4 activity was suppressed by U0126. Therefore, our study reveals a cross talk between AT1R signaling and DPP4 activation in the regulation of megalin and underscores the significance of targeting DPP4 in the prevention of obesity related kidney injury progression.
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