1
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Palmer MA, Benatzy Y, Brüne B. Murine Alox8 versus the human ALOX15B ortholog: differences and similarities. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w. [PMID: 38637408 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Human arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B is a lipoxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of arachidonic acid at carbon-15. The corresponding murine ortholog however has 8-lipoxygenase activity. Both enzymes oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids in S-chirality with singular reaction specificity, although they generate a different product pattern. Furthermore, while both enzymes utilize both esterified fatty acids and fatty acid hydro(pero)xides as substrates, they differ with respect to the orientation of the fatty acid in their substrate-binding pocket. While ALOX15B accepts the fatty acid "tail-first," Alox8 oxygenates the free fatty acid with its "head-first." These differences in substrate orientation and thus in regio- and stereospecificity are thought to be determined by distinct amino acid residues. Towards their biological function, both enzymes share a commonality in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and Alox8 knockdown is associated with reduced atherosclerosis in mice. Additional roles have been linked to lung inflammation along with tumor suppressor activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the enzymatic activity of human ALOX15B and murine Alox8, along with their association with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Gong J. Oxylipins biosynthesis and the regulation of bovine postpartum inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106814. [PMID: 38280540 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled or dysregulated inflammation has adverse effects on the reproduction, production and health of animals, and is a major pathological cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious and metabolic diseases. To achieve successful transition from a non-lactation pregnant state to a non-pregnant lactation state, drastic metabolic and endocrine alteration have taken place in dairy cows during the periparturient period. These physiological changes, coupled with decreased dry matter intake near calving and sudden change of diet composition after calving, have the potential to disrupt the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammation, resulting in a disordered or excessive inflammatory response. In addition to cytokines and other immunoregulatory factors, most oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxygenation pathways have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties and play a pivotal role in the onset, development and resolution of inflammation. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that oxylipins could function as endogenous immunomodulating agents. This review will provide a detailed overview of the main oxylipins derived from different PUFAs and discuss the regulatory role that oxylipins play in the postpartum inflammatory response in dairy cows. Based on the current research, much remains to be illuminated in this emerging field. Understanding the role that oxylipins play in the control of postpartum inflammation and inflammatory-based disease may improve our ability to prevent transition disorders via Management, pharmacological, genetic selection and dietary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010022, China.
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4
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Jacks RD, Lumeng CN. Macrophage and T cell networks in adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 37872302 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The signals and structure of the tissues in which leukocytes reside critically mould leukocyte function and development and have challenged our fundamental understanding of how to define and categorize tissue-resident immune cells. One specialized tissue niche that has a powerful effect on immune cell function is adipose tissue. The field of adipose tissue leukocyte biology has expanded dramatically and has revealed how tissue niches can shape immune cell function and reshape them in a setting of metabolic stress, such as obesity. Most notably, adipose tissue macrophages and T cells are under intense investigation due to their contributions to adipose tissue in the lean and obese states. Both adipose tissue macrophages and T cells have features associated with the metabolic function of adipose tissue that are distinct from features of macrophages and T cells that are classically characterized in other tissues. This Review provides state-of-the-art understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells and discusses how their unique niche can help us to better understand diversity in leukocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiah D Jacks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Hu L, Lv Z, Gu Y, Zheng T, Kong Y, Mao W. A bibliometric analysis of efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases from 2001 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34366. [PMID: 37773819 PMCID: PMC10545234 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases has become an intense area of research. However, only a few bibliometric analyses have been conducted in this area. In this review, we used CiteSpace 5.7. R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.17 software to perform text mining and knowledge map analysis. This study summarizes the latest progress, development paths, frontier research hotspots, and future research trends in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies on efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS In total, 327 studies published by 506 institutions across 42 countries and regions were identified. The number of studies on efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases has increased over time. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology published the highest number of articles and was the top co-cited journal. Tabas Ira. was the most prolific researcher and co-cited the most. The most productive countries were the United States and China. Columbia University, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham Women's Hospital were the 3 most productive institutions in the field of research. Keyword Co-occurrence, Clusters, and Burst analyses showed that inflammation, atherosclerosis, macrophages, and phagocytosis appeared with the highest frequency in these studies. CONCLUSION Multinational cooperation and multidisciplinary intersections are characteristic trends of development in the field, and the immune microenvironment, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoxia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengjiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Qi L, Matsuo K, Pereira A, Lee YT, Zhong F, He Y, Zushin PJH, Gröger M, Sharma A, Willenbring H, Hsiao EC, Stahl A. Human iPSC-Derived Proinflammatory Macrophages cause Insulin Resistance in an Isogenic White Adipose Tissue Microphysiological System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2203725. [PMID: 37104853 PMCID: PMC10502939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation has been recognized as a critical early event in the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders. This process is characterized by the increased residency of proinflammatory M1 macrophages in WAT. However, the lack of an isogenic human macrophage-adipocyte model has limited biological studies and drug discovery efforts, highlighting the need for human stem cell-based approaches. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived macrophages (iMACs) and adipocytes (iADIPOs) are cocultured in a microphysiological system (MPS). iMACs migrate toward and infiltrate into the 3D iADIPOs cluster to form crown-like structures (CLSs)-like morphology around damaged iADIPOs, recreating classic histological features of WAT inflammation seen in obesity. Significantly more CLS-like morphologies formed in aged and palmitic acid-treated iMAC-iADIPO-MPS, showing the ability to mimic inflammatory severity. Importantly, M1 (proinflammatory) but not M2 (tissue repair) iMACs induced insulin resistance and dysregulated lipolysis in iADIPOs. Both RNAseq and cytokines analyses revealed a reciprocal proinflammatory loop in the interactions of M1 iMACs and iADIPOs. This iMAC-iADIPO-MPS thus successfully recreates pathological conditions of chronically inflamed human WAT, opening a door to study the dynamic inflammatory progression and identify clinically relevant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Human Genetics, the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ashley Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Human Genetics, the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Yue Tung Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Fenmiao Zhong
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H. Zushin
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Marko Gröger
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Human Genetics, the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Holger Willenbring
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Edward C. Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Human Genetics, the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, and the Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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Liu X, Liu H, Deng Y. Efferocytosis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2801-2815. [PMID: 37440994 PMCID: PMC10335275 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a significant contributor to the fundamental pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Efferocytosis, an effective way to eliminate apoptotic cells (ACs), plays a critical role in inflammation resolution. Massive accumulation of ACs and the proliferation of persistent inflammation caused by defective efferocytosis have been proven to be closely associated with pancreatic islet β cell destruction, adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and liver metabolism abnormalities, which together are considered the most fundamental pathological mechanism underlying T2DM. Therefore, here we outline the association between the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis in glucose homeostasis, T2DM, and its complications, and we analyzed the present constraints and potential future prospects for therapeutic targets in T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Southern Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Liang J, Sun C. ILC2s control obesity by regulating energy homeostasis and browning of white fat. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110272. [PMID: 37210911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been a hot topic in recent research, they are widely distributed in vivo and play an important role in different tissues. The important role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the conversion of white fat into beige fat has attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that ILC2s regulate adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the types and functions of ILCs, focusing on the relationship between differentiation, development and function of ILC2s, and elaborates on the relationship between peripheral ILC2s and browning of white fat and body energy homeostasis. This has important implications for the future treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zunhai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Li X, Ren Y, Chang K, Wu W, Griffiths HR, Lu S, Gao D. Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153915. [PMID: 37153549 PMCID: PMC10154623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is a key pathological factor inducing adipose tissue dysfunction and contributing to obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we aim to present the most recent research on macrophage heterogeneity in adipose tissue, with a focus on the molecular targets applied to macrophages as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases. We begin by discussing the recruitment of macrophages and their roles in adipose tissue. While resident adipose tissue macrophages display an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote the development of metabolically favorable beige adipose tissue, an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue has negative effects on adipose tissue function, including inhibition of adipogenesis, promotion of inflammation, insulin resistance, and fibrosis. Then, we presented the identities of the newly discovered adipose tissue macrophage subtypes (e.g. metabolically activated macrophages, CD9+ macrophages, lipid-associated macrophages, DARC+ macrophages, and MFehi macrophages), the majority of which are located in crown-like structures within adipose tissue during obesity. Finally, we discussed macrophage-targeting strategies to ameliorate obesity-related inflammation and metabolic abnormalities, with a focus on transcriptional factors such as PPARγ, KLF4, NFATc3, and HoxA5, which promote macrophage anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, as well as TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways that activate pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In addition, a number of intracellular metabolic pathways closely associated with glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, nutrient sensing, and circadian clock regulation were examined. Understanding the complexities of macrophage plasticity and functionality may open up new avenues for the development of macrophage-based treatments for obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Kewei Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
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Raj RR, Lofquist S, Lee MJ. Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Pharm Res 2023; 40:467-480. [PMID: 36050546 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman Raj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Sydney Lofquist
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
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11
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Zachut M, Tam J, Contreras GA. Modulating immunometabolism in transition dairy cows: the role of inflammatory lipid mediators. Anim Front 2022; 12:37-45. [PMID: 36268169 PMCID: PMC9564993 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Genaro Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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12
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Puente-Ruiz SC, Jais A. Reciprocal signaling between adipose tissue depots and the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:979251. [PMID: 36200038 PMCID: PMC9529070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.979251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, various dietary and social factors led to the development of increased brain sizes alongside large adipose tissue stores. Complex reciprocal signaling mechanisms allow for a fine-tuned interaction between the two organs to regulate energy homeostasis of the organism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue secretes various hormones, cytokines, and metabolites that signal energy availability to the central nervous system (CNS). Vice versa, the CNS is a critical regulator of adipose tissue function through neural networks that integrate information from the periphery and regulate sympathetic nerve outflow. This review discusses the various reciprocal signaling mechanisms in the CNS and adipose tissue to maintain organismal energy homeostasis. We are focusing on the integration of afferent signals from the periphery in neuronal populations of the mediobasal hypothalamus as well as the efferent signals from the CNS to adipose tissue and its implications for adipose tissue function. Furthermore, we are discussing central mechanisms that fine-tune the immune system in adipose tissue depots and contribute to organ homeostasis. Elucidating this complex signaling network that integrates peripheral signals to generate physiological outputs to maintain the optimal energy balance of the organism is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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13
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Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
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Burl RB, Rondini EA, Wei H, Pique-Regi R, Granneman JG. Deconstructing cold-induced brown adipocyte neogenesis in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e80167. [PMID: 35848799 PMCID: PMC9348851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure triggers neogenesis in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) that involves activation of β1-adrenergic receptors, proliferation of PDGFRA+ adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), and recruitment of immune cells whose phenotypes are presently unknown. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in mice identified three ASC subpopulations that occupied distinct tissue locations. Of these, interstitial ASC1 were found to be direct precursors of new brown adipocytes (BAs). Surprisingly, knockout of β1-adrenergic receptors in ASCs did not prevent cold-induced neogenesis, whereas pharmacological activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor on BAs was sufficient, suggesting that signals derived from mature BAs indirectly trigger ASC proliferation and differentiation. In this regard, cold exposure induced the delayed appearance of multiple macrophage and dendritic cell populations whose recruitment strongly correlated with the onset and magnitude of neogenesis across diverse experimental conditions. High-resolution immunofluorescence and single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that cold-induced neogenesis involves dynamic interactions between ASC1 and recruited immune cells that occur on the micrometer scale in distinct tissue regions. Our results indicate that neogenesis is not a reflexive response of progenitors to β-adrenergic signaling, but rather is a complex adaptive response to elevated metabolic demand within brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Ann Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Hongguang Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
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15
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Choi C, Saha A, An S, Cho YK, Kim H, Noh M, Lee YH. Macrophage-Specific Connexin 43 Knockout Protects Mice from Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925971. [PMID: 35800892 PMCID: PMC9253378 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages are a major immune cell type contributing to homeostatic maintenance and pathological adipose tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage recruitment and polarization in adipose tissue during obesity remain poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that the gap junctional protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), plays a critical role in macrophage activation and phagocytosis. Herein, we investigated the macrophage-specific roles of Cx43 in high fat diet (HFD)-induced pathological remodeling of adipose tissue. Expression levels of Cx43 were upregulated in macrophages co-cultured with dying adipocytes in vitro, as well as in macrophages associated with dying adipocytes in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Cx43 knockdown reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ATP release from macrophages and decreased inflammatory responses of macrophages co-cultured with dying adipocytes. Based on global gene expression profiling, macrophage-specific Cx43-knockout (Cx43-MKO) mice were resistant to HFD-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue, potentially via P2X7-mediated signaling pathways. Cx43-MKO mice exhibited reduced HFD-induced macrophage recruitment in adipose tissue. Moreover, Cx43-MKO mice showed reduced inflammasome activation in adipose tissues and improved glucose tolerance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Cx43 expression in macrophages facilitates inflammasome activation, which, in turn, contributes to HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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16
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Duerre DJ, Galmozzi A. Deconstructing Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity One Cell at a Time. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847291. [PMID: 35399946 PMCID: PMC8990929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central coordinator of physiologic metabolism, adipose tissue has long been appreciated as a highly plastic organ that dynamically responds to environmental cues. Once thought of as a homogenous storage depot, recent advances have enabled deep characterizations of the underlying structure and composition of adipose tissue depots. As the obesity and metabolic disease epidemics continue to accelerate due to modern lifestyles and an aging population, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that control adipose and systemic homeostasis are of critical importance. Within the past decade, the emergence of deep cell profiling at tissue- and, recently, single-cell level has furthered our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to tissue function and their implications in disease development. Although many paradigm-shifting findings may lie ahead, profound advances have been made to forward our understanding of the adipose tissue niche in both health and disease. Now widely accepted as a highly heterogenous organ with major roles in metabolic homeostasis, endocrine signaling, and immune function, the study of adipose tissue dynamics has reached a new frontier. In this review, we will provide a synthesis of the latest advances in adipose tissue biology made possible by the use of single-cell technologies, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on adipose function, and suggest what next steps will further our understanding of the role that adipose tissue plays in systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Duerre
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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17
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Zachut M, Contreras GA. Symposium review: Mechanistic insights into adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3670-3686. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Finlin BS, Memetimin H, Confides AL, Zhu B, Westgate PM, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Kern PA. Macrophages expressing uncoupling protein 1 increase in adipose tissue in response to cold in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23598. [PMID: 34880313 PMCID: PMC8655049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cold induces beige adipocyte protein marker expression in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC WAT) from both the cold treated and contralateral leg, and the immune system regulates SC WAT beiging in mice. Cold treatment significantly increased the gene expression of the macrophage markers CD68 and 86 in SC WAT. Therefore, we comprehensively investigated the involvement of macrophages in SC WAT beiging in lean and obese humans by immunohistochemistry. Cold treatment significantly increased CD163/CD68 macrophages in SC WAT from the cold treated and contralateral legs of lean and obese subjects, and had similar effects on CD206/CD68 macrophages, whereas the effects on CD86/CD68 macrophages were inconsistent between lean and obese. However, linear regression analysis did not find significant relationships between the change in macrophage numbers and the change in UCP1 protein abundance. A high percentage of CD163 macrophages in SC WAT expressed UCP1, and these UCP1 expressing CD163 macrophages were significantly increased by cold treatment in SC WAT of lean subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that CD163 macrophages are involved in some aspect of the tissue remodeling that occurs during SC WAT beiging in humans after cold treatment, but they are likely not direct mediators of the beiging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Finlin
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, CTW 521, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Hasiyet Memetimin
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, CTW 521, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Beibei Zhu
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, CTW 521, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Philip M Westgate
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, CTW 521, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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19
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Gautier EL, Askia H, Murcy F, Yvan-Charvet L. Macrophage ontogeny and functional diversity in cardiometabolic diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:119-129. [PMID: 34229949 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are the dominant immune cell types in the adipose tissue, the liver or the aortic wall and they were originally believed to mainly derived from monocytes to fuel tissue inflammation in cardiometabolic diseases. However, over the last decade the identification of tissue resident macrophages (trMacs) from embryonic origin in these metabolic tissues has provided a breakthrough in the field forcing to better comprehend macrophage diversity during pathological states. Infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages (moMacs), similar to trMacs, adapt to the local metabolic environment that eventually shapes their functions. In this review, we will summarize the emerging versatility of macrophages in cardiometabolic diseases with a focus in the control of adipose tissue, liver and large vessels homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel L Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR-S 1166, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Haoussa Askia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR-S 1166, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florent Murcy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204 Nice, France.
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20
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Sul OJ, Hyun HJ, Rajasekaran M, Suh JH, Choi HS. Estrogen enhances browning in adipose tissue by M2 macrophage polarization via heme oxygenase-1. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1875-1888. [PMID: 32716106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function results in increased fat mass, leading to the accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages that participate in chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that ovariectomy (OVX)-induced increases in body weight and fat mass are associated with decreased adipose tissue (AT) browning due to estrogen (E2 ) deficiency. In mice, OVX decreased AT browning along with increased body weight, fat mass, and size of lipid droplets 12 weeks after surgery. Exogenous E2 recovered the OVX-induced changes. AT browning was enhanced by M2 macrophages induced by exogenous E2. E2 -induced M2 polarization occurred due to the increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages, leading to decreased reactive oxygen species levels. Collectively, we demonstrated that E2 enhances AT browning via M2 polarization mediated by HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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21
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Boulet N, Luijten IHN, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Thermogenic recruitment of brown and brite/beige adipose tissues is not obligatorily associated with macrophage accretion or attrition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E359-E378. [PMID: 33284094 PMCID: PMC8260372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00352.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cold- and diet-induced recruitment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) are dynamic processes, and the recruited state attained is a state of dynamic equilibrium, demanding continuous stimulation to be maintained. An involvement of macrophages, classical proinflammatory (M1) or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory (M2), is presently discussed as being an integral part of these processes. If these macrophages play a mediatory role in the recruitment process, such an involvement would have to be maintained in the recruited state. We have, therefore, investigated whether the recruited state of these tissues is associated with macrophage accretion or attrition. We found no correlation (positive or negative) between total UCP1 mRNA levels (as a measure of recruitment) and proinflammatory macrophages in any adipose depot. We found that in young chow-fed mice, cold-induced recruitment correlated with accretion of anti-inflammatory macrophages; however, such a correlation was not seen when cold-induced recruitment was studied in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory macrophage accretion was mediated via β1/β2-adrenergic receptors; yet, in their absence, and thus in the absence of macrophage accretion, recruitment proceeded normally. We thus conclude that the classical recruited state in BAT and inguinal (brite/beige) WAT is not paralleled by macrophage accretion or attrition. Our results make mediatory roles for macrophages in the recruitment process less likely.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A regulatory or mediatory role-positive or negative-for macrophages in the recruitment of brown adipose tissue is presently discussed. As the recruited state in the tissue is a dynamic process, maintenance of the recruited state would need persistent alterations in macrophage complement. Contrary to this expectation, we demonstrate here an absence of alterations in macrophage complement in thermogenically recruited brown-or brite/beige-adipose tissues. Macrophage regulation of thermogenic capacity is thus less likely.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Animals
- Diet/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/physiology
- Thermogenesis
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boulet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Maurer SF, Dieckmann S, Lund J, Fromme T, Hess AL, Colson C, Kjølbaek L, Astrup A, Gillum MP, Larsen LH, Liebisch G, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. No Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Recruitment of Brown and Brite Adipocytes in Mice or Humans under Thermoneutral Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000681. [PMID: 33274552 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown and brite adipocytes within the mammalian adipose organ provide non-shivering thermogenesis and thus, have an exceptional capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n3-series, abundant in fish oil, have been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in these cells, consequently affecting body adiposity and glucose tolerance. These effects are scrutinized in mice housed in a thermoneutral environment and in a human dietary intervention trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are housed in a thermoneutral environment eliminating the superimposing effect of mild cold-exposure on thermogenic adipocyte recruitment. Dietary fish oil supplementation in two different inbred mouse strains neither affects body mass trajectory nor enhances the recruitment of brown and brite adipocytes, both in the presence and absence of a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist imitating the effect of cold-exposure on adipocytes. In line with these findings, dietary fish oil supplementation of persons with overweight or obesity fails to recruit thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Thus, the authors' data question the hypothesized potential of n3-PUFA as modulators of adipocyte-based thermogenesis and energy balance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Jens Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anne Lundby Hess
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Louise Kjølbaek
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Matthew Paul Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lesli Hingstrup Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
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23
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Gomes A, Leite F, Ribeiro L. Adipocytes and macrophages secretomes coregulate catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:582-592. [PMID: 33437193 PMCID: PMC7797554 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity associates with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue where these infiltrating cells interact with adipocytes and contribute to the systemic chronic metabolic inflammation present in immunometabolic diseases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) are two of the main enzymes of catecholamines (CA) synthesis. Adipocytes and macrophages produce, secrete and respond to CA, but the regulation of their synthesis in the interplay between immune and metabolic systems remains unknown. A model of indirect cell coculture with conditioned medium (CM) from RAW 264.7 macrophages with or without LPS-activation and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and preadipocytes was established to study the effect of cellular secretomes on the expression of the above enzymes. During the adipocyte differentiation process, we found a decrease of TH and PNMT expression. The secretome from LPS-activated macrophages downregulated TH and PNMT expression in preadipocytes, but not in mature adipocytes. Mature adipocytes CM induced a decrease of PNMT levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pre and mature adipocytes showed a similar pattern of TH, PNMT and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression after exposure to pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We evidenced macrophages and adipocytes coregulate the expression of CA synthesis enzymes through secretome, with non-inflammatory signaling networks possibly being involved. Mediators released by macrophages seem to equally affect CA production by adipocytes, while adipocytes secretome preferentially affect AD production by macrophages. CA synthesis seems to be more determinant in early stages of adipogenic differentiation. Our results suggest that CA are key signaling molecules in the regulation of immune-metabolic crosstalk within the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto. Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto. Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB/ICBAS - Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine- Institutode Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto. Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto. Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto. Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Transcriptomic Changes of Murine Visceral Fat Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia at Single Cell Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010261. [PMID: 33383883 PMCID: PMC7795619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and induces metabolic dysfunction manifesting as inflammation, increased lipolysis and insulin resistance in visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT). However, the cell types and their corresponding transcriptional pathways underlying these functional perturbations are unknown. Here, we applied single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) coupled with aggregate RNA-seq methods to evaluate the cellular heterogeneity in vWAT following IH exposures mimicking OSA. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to IH and room air (RA) for 6 weeks, and nuclei from vWAT were isolated and processed for snRNA-seq followed by differential expressed gene (DEGs) analyses by cell type, along with gene ontology and canonical pathways enrichment tests of significance. IH induced significant transcriptional changes compared to RA across 14 different cell types identified in vWAT. We identified cell-specific signature markers, transcriptional networks, metabolic signaling pathways, and cellular subpopulation enrichment in vWAT. Globally, we also identify 298 common regulated genes across multiple cellular types that are associated with metabolic pathways. Deconvolution of cell types in vWAT using global RNA-seq revealed that distinct adipocytes appear to be differentially implicated in key aspects of metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the heterogeneity of vWAT and its response to IH at the cellular level provides important insights into the metabolic morbidity of OSA and may possibly translate into therapeutic targets.
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25
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Chen TN, Gupta A, Zalavadia MD, Streets A. μCB-seq: microfluidic cell barcoding and sequencing for high-resolution imaging and sequencing of single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3899-3913. [PMID: 32931539 PMCID: PMC8256654 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the investigation of complex biological processes in multicellular organisms with high resolution. However, many phenotypic features that are critical to understanding the functional role of cells in a heterogeneous tissue or organ are not directly encoded in the genome and therefore cannot be profiled with scRNA-seq. Quantitative optical microscopy has long been a powerful approach for characterizing diverse cellular phenotypes including cell morphology, protein localization, and chemical composition. Combining scRNA-seq with optical imaging has the potential to provide comprehensive single-cell analysis, allowing for functional integration of gene expression profiling and cell-state characterization. However, it is difficult to track single cells through both measurements; therefore, coupling current scRNA-seq protocols with optical measurements remains a challenge. Here, we report microfluidic cell barcoding and sequencing (μCB-seq), a microfluidic platform that combines high-resolution imaging and sequencing of single cells. μCB-seq is enabled by a novel fabrication method that preloads primers with known barcode sequences inside addressable reaction chambers of a microfluidic device. In addition to enabling multi-modal single-cell analysis, μCB-seq improves gene detection sensitivity, providing a scalable and accurate method for information-rich characterization of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Chen
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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26
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Shifts of Immune Cell Populations Differ in Response to Different Effectors of Beige Remodeling of Adipose Tissue. iScience 2020; 23:101765. [PMID: 33294778 PMCID: PMC7683338 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic tissue, which responds to environmental stimuli and dietary cues by changing its morphology and metabolic capacity. The ability of WAT to undergo a beige remodeling has become an appealing strategy to combat obesity and its comorbidities. Here, by using single-cell RNA sequencing, we provide a comprehensive atlas of the cellular dynamics during beige remodeling. We reveal drastic changes both in the overall cellular composition and transcriptional states of individual cell subtypes between Adrb3- and cold-induced beiging. Moreover, we demonstrate that cold induces a myeloid to lymphoid shift of the immune compartment compared to Adrb3 activation. Further analysis showed that, Adrb3 stimulation leads to activation of the interferon/Stat1 pathways favoring infiltration of myeloid immune cells, while repression of this pathway by cold promotes lymphoid immune cell recruitment. These findings highlight that pharmacological mimetics may not provide the same beneficial effects as physiological stimuli.
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Seoane-Collazo P, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Rahmouni K, Fernández-Real JM, López M. Nicotine' actions on energy balance: Friend or foe? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107693. [PMID: 32987056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and is associated with severe comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancer types. However, the therapeutic options to treat obesity are limited. Extensive epidemiological studies have shown a strong relationship between smoking and body weight, with non-smokers weighing more than smokers at any age. Increased body weight after smoking cessation is a major factor that interferes with their attempts to quit smoking. Numerous controlled studies in both humans and rodents have reported that nicotine, the main bioactive component of tobacco, exerts a marked anorectic action. Furthermore, nicotine is also known to modulate energy expenditure, by regulating the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as glucose homeostasis. Many of these actions occur at central level, by controlling the activity of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), or energy sensors such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, direct impact of nicotine on metabolic tissues, such as BAT, WAT, liver and pancreas has also been described. Here, we review the actions of nicotine on energy balance. The relevance of this interaction is interesting, because considering the restricted efficiency of obesity treatments, a possible complementary approach may focus on compounds with known pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacological actions, such as nicotine or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta" and Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain.
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Single cell approaches to address adipose tissue stromal cell heterogeneity. Biochem J 2020; 477:583-600. [PMID: 32026949 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A central function of adipose tissue is in the management of systemic energy homeostasis that is achieved through the co-ordinated regulation of energy storage and mobilization, adipokine release, and immune functions. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease over the past 30 years, there has been extensive interest in targeting adipose tissue for therapeutic benefit. However, in order for this goal to be achieved it is essential to establish a comprehensive atlas of adipose tissue cellular composition and define mechanisms of intercellular communication that mediate pathologic and therapeutic responses. While traditional methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and genetic lineage tracing, have greatly advanced the field, these approaches are inherently limited by the choice of markers and the ability to comprehensively identify and characterize dynamic interactions among stromal cells within the tissue microenvironment. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has emerged as a powerful tool for deconvolving cellular heterogeneity and holds promise for understanding the development and plasticity of adipose tissue under normal and pathological conditions. scRNAseq has recently been used to characterize adipose stem cell (ASC) populations and has provided new insights into subpopulations of macrophages that arise during anabolic and catabolic remodeling in white adipose tissue. The current review summarizes recent findings that use this technology to explore adipose tissue heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Macrophages inhibit adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32699606 PMCID: PMC7372775 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and macrophages are critical components in many tissue microenvironments, including that in adipose tissue. The close interaction between MSCs and macrophages modulates various adipose-related disease development. However, the effects of macrophages on the fate of MSCs remain largely elusive. We here studied the effect of macrophages on the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods Macrophages were obtained from THP-1 cells treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). The induced matured macrophages were then induced to undergo classically activated macrophage (M1) or alternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization with Iipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, respectively. The supernatants derived from macrophages under different conditions were applied to cultured human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hADSCs) undergoing adipogenic differentiation. Adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by examining Oil Red O staining of lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blot analysis. Results The adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs was impaired when treated with macrophage-derived supernatants, especially that from the M1-polarized macrophage (M1-sup). The inhibitory effect was found to be mediated by the inflammatory cytokines, mainly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β. Blocking TNF-α and IL-1β with neutralizing antibodies partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of M1-sup. Conclusion Macrophage-derived supernatants inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro, irrespective of the polarization status (M0, M1 or M2 macrophages). M1-sup was more potent because of the higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings shed new light on the interaction between hADSCs and macrophages and have implications in our understanding of disrupted adipose tissue homeostasis under inflammation.
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Song HD, Kim SN, Saha A, Ahn SY, Akindehin S, Son Y, Cho YK, Kim M, Park JH, Jung YS, Lee YH. Aging-Induced Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Adipocyte Progenitors Contributes to Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2020; 11:575-587. [PMID: 32489703 PMCID: PMC7220283 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to the progression of chronic metabolic diseases. We investigated the role of age-dependent expression of a neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adipose tissue. Pro-BDNF expression was elevated in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) with advanced age, which was associated with the reduction in sympathetic innervation. Interestingly, BDNF expression was enriched in PDGFRα+ adipocyte progenitors isolated from eWAT, with age-dependent increase in expression. In vitro pro-BDNF treatment caused apoptosis in adipocytes differentiated from C3H10T1/2 cells, and siRNA knockdown of sortilin mitigated these effects. Tamoxifen-inducible PDGFRα+ cell-specific deletion of BDNF (BDNFPdgfra KO) reduced pro-BDNF expression in eWAT, prevented age-associated declines in sympathetic innervation and mitochondrial content in eWAT, and improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, BDNFPdgfra KO mice showed reduced expression of aging-induced inflammation and senescence markers in eWAT. Collectively, these results identified the upregulation of pro-BDNF expression in adipocyte progenitors as a feature of visceral white adipose tissue aging and suggested that inhibition of BDNF expression in adipocyte progenitors is potentially beneficial to prevent aging-related adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Doo Song
- 1College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nam Kim
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Ahn
- 1College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seun Akindehin
- 1College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinSu Kim
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- 3College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sato H, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Murase R, Yamamoto K, Murakami M. Secreted Phospholipase PLA2G2D Contributes to Metabolic Health by Mobilizing ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in WAT. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Dieckmann S, Maurer S, Fromme T, Colson C, Virtanen KA, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. Fatty Acid Metabolite Profiling Reveals Oxylipins as Markers of Brown but Not Brite Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32153509 PMCID: PMC7046592 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are important signaling molecules implicated in the control of adipogenesis and energy balance regulation. Some of these metabolites belonging to the group of oxylipins have been associated with non-shivering thermogenesis in mice mediated by brown or brite adipose tissue. We aimed to identify novel molecules with thermogenic potential and to clarify the relevance of these findings in a translational context. Therefore, we characterized and compared the oxylipin profiles of murine and human adipose tissues with different abundance of brown or brite adipocytes. A broad panel of 36 fatty acid metabolites was quantified in brown and white adipose tissues of C57BL/6J mice acclimatized to different ambient temperatures and in biopsies of human supraclavicular brown and white adipose tissue. The oxylipin profile of murine brite adipose tissue was not distinguishable from white adipose tissue, suggesting that adipose tissue browning in vivo is not associated with major changes in the oxylipin metabolism. Human brown and white adipose tissue also exhibited similar metabolite profiles. This is in line with previous studies proposing human brown adipose tissue to resemble the nature of murine brite adipose tissue representing a heterogeneous mixture of brite and white adipocytes. Although the global oxylipin profile served as a marker for the abundance of thermogenic adipocytes in bona fide brown but not white adipose tissue, we identified 5-HETE and 5,6-EET as individual compounds consistently associated with the abundance of brown or brite adipocytes in human BAT and murine brite fat. Further studies need to establish whether these candidates are mere markers or functional effectors of thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Andres Contreras G, De Koster J, de Souza J, Laguna J, Mavangira V, Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1944-1955. [PMID: 31759597 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAM) are products of adipocyte lipolysis with the potential to modulate adipose tissue (AT) lipid metabolism and inflammation. In periparturient cows, linoleic acid is preferentially mobilized from AT during lipolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) compared with other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions generate OXLAM from linoleic acid. Among OXLAM, 9-, 10-, and 12-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODE) are associated with pro-inflammatory responses, whereas 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acids (oxoODE) and 13-HODE can facilitate inflammation resolution and promote lipogenesis. This study evaluated the effect of HSL activity on OXLAM biosynthesis using subcutaneous AT explants collected from multiparous dairy cows at 10 d before and again at 10 and 24 d after calving. Explants were treated for 3 h without or with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 1 µM; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA) to induce HSL activity. The contribution of HSL to OXLAM biosynthesis was determined by inhibiting its activity with CAY10499 (2 µM; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). After treatments, media and explants were collected for lipidomic analysis using HPLC-tandem mass spectroscopy. Results indicated that ISO increased the biosynthesis of 9-, 12-, and 13-HODE and 9-oxoODE, and this effect was reduced at 24 d after calving. Inhibiting HSL activity partially reversed ISO effects on HODE and 9-oxoODE. Our ex vivo model demonstrated for the first time a direct effect of HSL activity on the biosynthesis of OXLAM in AT, especially at 10 d before and 10 d after calving. The biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory OXLAM is limited during the first weeks after parturition and may promote AT inflammation and lipolytic responses to negative energy balance. These results indicate that HSL activity releases linoleic acid for OXLAM biosynthesis in concentrations of a magnitude that may bypass the need for the activation of phospholipases linked with the inflammatory cascade and thus supports, in part, lipolysis-driven inflammation within AT of periparturient cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
| | - Jenne De Koster
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jonas de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Juliana Laguna
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Rahul K Nelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jeff Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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The Effect of Early Rounds of ex vivo Expansion and Cryopreservation on the Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15943. [PMID: 31685852 PMCID: PMC6828715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are candidates for use in cellular therapies for the treatment of a variety of conditions/diseases. Ex vivo expansion of freshly isolated ASCs may be necessary prior to clinical application to ensure that clinically relevant cell numbers are administered during treatment. In addition, cryopreserving cells at early passages allows for storage of freshly isolated cells for extended periods of time before expanding these cells for clinical usage. There are however several concerns that these laboratory-based procedures may alter the characteristics of the cells and in so doing decrease their regenerative potential. In this study we report on the impact of early rounds of cryopreservation (P0) and ex vivo expansion (P0 to P5) on the phenotypic characteristics and adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. Our results show that ASCs that upregulate CD36 expression during adipogenic differentiation gradually decrease with increasing expansion rounds. The consequent decrease in adipogenic differentiation capacity was evident in both gene expression and flow cytometry-based phenotypic studies. Successive rounds of expansion did not however alter cell surface marker expression of the cells. We also show that early cryopreservation of ASCs (at P0) does not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of the cells.
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Nawaz A, Tobe K. M2-like macrophages serve as a niche for adipocyte progenitors in adipose tissue. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1394-1400. [PMID: 31293080 PMCID: PMC6825922 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is composed not only of adipocytes, but also of macrophages, endothelial cells and preadipocytes. Macrophages are an important component of AT, and are involved in tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and fibrosis. AT-resident macrophages are categorized into two subtypes, the M1-like and M2-like macrophages. M2-like macrophages are reported to play anti-inflammatory roles, and to be involved in clearing and removal of dying/dead adipocytes, and recruiting adipocyte progenitors (APs). M2-like macrophages are also reported to be involved in the promotion of fibrosis in a transforming growth factor-β-dependent manner. However, the precise roles of M2-like macrophages in the AT have not yet been clearly delineated. Recently, we generated genetically engineered transgenic mice in which CD206+ M2-like macrophages can be conditionally depleted. Unexpectedly, we found that the depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages resulted in the enhanced generation of smaller adipocytes, improved insulin sensitivity and proliferation of APs. We further clarified that the CD206+ M2-like macrophages directly interact with the APs to regulate their growth/differentiation and adipogenesis, thereby controlling adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity. In the present review, we discuss how CD206+ M2-like macrophages provide a niche for APs and maintain glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Metabolism and NutritionUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
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Cho YK, Son Y, Kim SN, Song HD, Kim M, Park JH, Jung YS, Ahn SY, Saha A, Granneman JG, Lee YH. MicroRNA-10a-5p regulates macrophage polarization and promotes therapeutic adipose tissue remodeling. Mol Metab 2019; 29:86-98. [PMID: 31668395 PMCID: PMC6734158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the role of microRNAs generated from adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) during adipose tissue remodeling induced by pharmacological and nutritional stimuli. Methods Macrophage-specific Dicer knockout (KO) mice were used to determine the roles of microRNA generated in macrophages in adipose tissue remodeling induced by the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 (CL). RNA-seq was performed to characterize microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in isolated macrophages and PDGFRα+ adipocyte stem cells (ASCs). The role of miR-10a-5p was further investigated in cell culture, and in adipose tissue remodeling induced by CL treatment and high fat feeding. Results Macrophage-specific deletion of Dicer elevated pro-inflammatory gene expression and prevented CL-induced de novo beige adipogenesis in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT). Co-culture of ASCs with ATMs of wild type mice promoted brown adipocyte gene expression upon differentiation, but co-culture with ATMs of Dicer KO mice did not. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA expression profiles identified miR-10a-5p as a potential regulator of inflammation and differentiation in ATMs and ASCs, respectively. CL treatment increased levels of miR-10a-5p in ATMs and ASCs in gWAT. Interestingly, CL treatment elevated levels of pre-mir-10a in ATMs but not in ASCs, suggesting possible transfer from ATMs to ASCs. Elevating miR-10a-5p levels inhibited proinflammatory gene expression in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages and promoted the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells into brown adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment with a miR-10a-5p mimic in vivo rescued CL-induced beige adipogenesis in Dicer KO mice. High fat feeding reduced miR-10a-5p levels in ATMs of gWAT, and treatment of mice with a miR-10a-5p mimic suppressed pro-inflammatory responses, promoted the appearance of new white adipocytes in gWAT, and improved systemic glucose tolerance. Conclusions These results demonstrate an important role of macrophage-generated microRNAs in adipogenic niches and identify miR-10a-5p as a key regulator that reduces adipose tissue inflammation and promotes therapeutic adipogenesis. Macrophage-specific Dicer KO prevented CL-induced beige adipogenesis in gWAT. Bioinfomatic analysis of RNAseq identified miR-10a-5p as a key player in AT remodeling. CL treatment upregulated miR-10a-5p in AT macrophages and in activated ASCs. miR-10a-5p promoted beige adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro, in part by targeting Rora. miR-10a-5p treatment reduced HFD-induced inflammation and improved glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Doo Song
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ziegler AK, Damgaard A, Mackey AL, Schjerling P, Magnusson P, Olesen AT, Kjaer M, Scheele C. An anti-inflammatory phenotype in visceral adipose tissue of old lean mice, augmented by exercise. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12069. [PMID: 31427677 PMCID: PMC6700172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue is an immunogenic tissue, which turns detrimental during obesity by activation of proinflammatory macrophages. During aging, chronic inflammation increases proportional to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and associates with escalating morbidity and mortality. Here, we utilize a mouse model to investigate the inflammatory status of visceral adipose tissue in lean aging mice and assess the effects of exercise training interventions. We randomized adult (11 months; n = 21) and old (23 months; n = 27) mice to resistance training (RT) or endurance training (ET), or to a sedentary control group (S). Strikingly, we observed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the old mice, consisting of higher accumulation of M2 macrophages and IL-10 expression, compared to the adult mice. In concordance, old mice also had less VAT mass and smaller adipocytes compared to adult mice. In both age groups, exercise training enhanced the anti-inflammatory phenotype and increased PGC1-α mRNA expression. Intriguingly, the brown adipose tissue marker UCP1 was modestly higher in old mice, while remained unchanged by the intervention. In conclusion, in the absence of obesity, visceral adipose tissue possesses a pronounced anti-inflammatory phenotype during aging which is further enhanced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ziegler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Damgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A T Olesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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38
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Reverte-Salisa L, Sanyal A, Pfeifer A. Role of cAMP and cGMP Signaling in Brown Fat. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:161-182. [PMID: 29633180 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cold-induced activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mediated by norepinephrine and adenosine that are released during sympathetic nerve activation. Both signaling molecules induce an increase in intracellular levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in murine and human BAT. In brown adipocytes, cAMP plays a central role, because it activates lipolysis, glucose uptake, and thermogenesis. Another well-studied intracellular second messenger is 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which closely resembles cAMP. Several studies have shown that intact cGMP signaling is essential for normal adipogenic differentiation and BAT-mediated thermogenesis in mice. This chapter highlights recent observations, demonstrating the physiological significance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in BAT as well as their potential to induce browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Reverte-Salisa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sanyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Keuper M. On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R105-R121. [PMID: 31085768 PMCID: PMC6590200 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the 'browning' of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Keuper:
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40
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Senese R, Cioffi F, De Matteis R, Petito G, de Lange P, Silvestri E, Lombardi A, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. 3,5 Diiodo-l-Thyronine (T₂) Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Overweight Male Rats Housed at Thermoneutrality. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030256. [PMID: 30889829 PMCID: PMC6468521 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of white adipose cells into beige adipose cells is known as browning, a process affecting energy metabolism. It has been shown that 3,5 diiodo-l-thyronine (T₂), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, stimulates energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to test whether in an animal model of fat accumulation, T₂ has the potential to activate a browning process and to explore the underlying mechanism. Three groups of rats were used: (i) receiving a standard diet for 14 weeks; (ii) receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks; and (iii) receiving a high fat diet for 10 weeks and being subsequently treated for four weeks with an HFD together with the administration of T₂. We showed that T₂ was able to induce a browning in the white adipose tissue of T₂-treated rats. We also showed that some miRNA (miR133a and miR196a) and MAP kinase 6 were involved in this process. These results indicate that, among others, the browning may be another cellular/molecular mechanism by which T₂ exerts its beneficial effects of contrast to overweight and of reduction of fat mass in rats subjected to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino University, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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41
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Colson C, Ghandour RA, Dufies O, Rekima S, Loubat A, Munro P, Boyer L, Pisani DF. Diet Supplementation in ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Favors an Anti-Inflammatory Basal Environment in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020438. [PMID: 30791540 PMCID: PMC6412622 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are metabolized from dietary ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in an inflammatory response. Adipose tissue inflammatory background is a key factor of metabolic disorders and it is accepted that dietary fatty acids, in terms of quality and quantity, modulate oxylipin synthesis in this tissue. Moreover, it has been reported that diet supplementation in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids resolves some inflammatory situations. Thus, it is crucial to assess the influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxylipin synthesis and their impact on adipose tissue inflammation. To this end, mice fed an ω6- or ω3-enriched standard diet (ω6/ω3 ratio of 30 and 3.75, respectively) were analyzed for inflammatory phenotype and adipose tissue oxylipin content. Diet enrichment with an ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid induced an increase in the oxylipins derived from ω6 linoleic acid, ω3 eicosapentaenoic, and ω3 docosahexaenoic acids in brown and white adipose tissues. Among these, the level of pro-resolving mediator intermediates, as well as anti-inflammatory metabolites, were augmented. Concomitantly, expressions of M2 macrophage markers were increased without affecting inflammatory cytokine contents. In vitro, these metabolites did not activate macrophages but participated in macrophage polarization by inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, we demonstrated that an ω3-enriched diet, in non-obesogenic non-inflammatory conditions, induced synthesis of oxylipins which were involved in an anti-inflammatory response as well as enhancement of the M2 macrophage molecular signature, without affecting inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | | | - Océane Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Agnès Loubat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Patrick Munro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
- Didier Pisani, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire-LP2M, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice CEDEX 2, France.
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42
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Maurer SF, Dieckmann S, Kleigrewe K, Colson C, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. Fatty Acid Metabolites as Novel Regulators of Non-shivering Thermogenesis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:183-214. [PMID: 30141101 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential contributors to adipocyte-based non-shivering thermogenesis by acting as activators of uncoupling protein 1 and serving as fuel for mitochondrial heat production. Novel evidence suggests a contribution to this thermogenic mechanism by their conversion to bioactive compounds. Mammalian cells produce a plethora of oxylipins and endocannabinoids, some of which have been identified to affect the abundance or thermogenic activity of brown and brite adipocytes. These effectors are produced locally or at distant sites and signal toward thermogenic adipocytes via a direct interaction with these cells or indirectly via secondary mechanisms. These interactions are evoked by the activation of receptor-mediated pathways. The endogenous production of these compounds is prone to modulation by the dietary intake of the respective precursor fatty acids. The effect of nutritional interventions on uncoupling protein 1-derived thermogenesis may thus at least in part be conferred by the production of a supportive oxylipin and endocannabinoid profile. The manipulation of this system in future studies will help to elucidate the physiological potential of these compounds as novel, endogenous regulators of non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Maurer
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Cereijo R, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Cairó M, Quesada-López T, Villarroya J, Morón-Ros S, Sánchez-Infantes D, Peyrou M, Iglesias R, Mampel T, Turatsinze JV, Eizirik DL, Giralt M, Villarroya F. CXCL14, a Brown Adipokine that Mediates Brown-Fat-to-Macrophage Communication in Thermogenic Adaptation. Cell Metab 2018; 28:750-763.e6. [PMID: 30122557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are attributed to its capacity to oxidize metabolites and produce heat, but recent data suggest that secretory properties of BAT may also be involved. Here, we identify the chemokine CXCL14 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) as a novel regulatory factor secreted by BAT in response to thermogenic activation. We found that the CXCL14 released by brown adipocytes recruited alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Cxcl14-null mice exposed to cold showed impaired BAT activity and low recruitment of macrophages, mainly of the M2 phenotype, into BAT. CXCL14 promoted the browning of white fat and ameliorated glucose/insulin homeostasis in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Impairment of type 2 cytokine signaling, as seen in Stat6-null mice, blunts the action of CXCL14, promoting adipose tissue browning. We propose that active BAT is a source of CXCL14, which concertedly promotes adaptive thermogenesis via M2 macrophage recruitment, BAT activation, and the browning of white fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Cereijo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cairó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Samantha Morón-Ros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Mampel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Dobrian AD, Morris MA, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Holman TR, Imai Y, Mirmira RG, Nadler JL. Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:100-110. [PMID: 30347209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is one of several enzyme isoforms responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other poly-unsaturated fatty acids to both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has shown that 12-LOX plays a critical role in the modulation of inflammation at multiple checkpoints during diabetes development. Due to this, interventions to limit pro-inflammatory 12-LOX metabolites either by isoform-specific 12-LOX inhibition, or by providing specific fatty acid substrates via dietary intervention, has the potential to significantly and positively impact health outcomes of patients living with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. To date, the development of truly specific and efficacious inhibitors has been hampered by homology of LOX family members; however, improvements in high throughput screening have improved the inhibitor landscape. Here, we describe the function and role of human 12-LOX, and mouse 12-LOX and 12/15-LOX, in the development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, and describe promise in the development of strategies to limit pro-inflammatory metabolites, primarily via new small molecule 12-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - M A Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - D A Taylor-Fishwick
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - T R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Y Imai
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa, city, IA, United States
| | - R G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J L Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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Igarashi Y, Nawaz A, Kado T, Bilal M, Kuwano T, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Jiuxiang X, Inujima A, Koizumi K, Imura J, Shibahara N, Usui I, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. Partial depletion of CD206-positive M2-like macrophages induces proliferation of beige progenitors and enhances browning after cold stimulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14567. [PMID: 30275453 PMCID: PMC6167387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are an inducible form of thermogenic adipocytes that become interspersed within white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in response to cold exposure. Previous studies have shown that type 2 cytokines and M2 macrophages induce cold-induced browning in inguinal WAT (ingWAT) by producing catecholamines. Exactly how the conditional and partial depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages regulates the cold-induced browning of ingWAT, however, remains unknown. We examined the role of CD206+ M2-like macrophages in the cold-induced browning of WAT using genetically engineered CD206DTR mice, in which CD206+ M2-like macrophages were conditionally depleted. The partial depletion of CD206+ M2-like enhanced UCP1 expression in ingWAT, as shown by immunostaining, and also upregulated the expression of Ucp1 and other browning-related marker genes in ingWAT after cold exposure. A flow cytometry analysis showed that the partial depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages caused an increase in the number of beige progenitors in ingWAT in response to cold. Thus, we concluded that CD206+ M2-like macrophages inhibit the proliferation of beige progenitors and that the partial depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages releases this inhibition, thereby enhancing browning and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- JSPS International Research Fellow, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Xu Jiuxiang
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Inujima
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koizumi
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Shibahara
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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García MDC, Pazos P, Lima L, Diéguez C. Regulation of Energy Expenditure and Brown/Beige Thermogenic Activity by Interleukins: New Roles for Old Actors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2569. [PMID: 30158466 PMCID: PMC6164446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates and the burden of metabolic associated diseases are escalating worldwide Energy burning brown and inducible beige adipocytes in human adipose tissues (ATs) have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential to counteract the deleterious metabolic effects of nutritional overload and overweight. Recent research has highlighted the relevance of resident and recruited ATs immune cell populations and their signalling mediators, cytokines, as modulators of the thermogenic activity of brown and beige ATs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the developmental, cellular and functional heterogeneity of the AT organ, as well as reported molecular switches of its heat-producing machinery. We also discuss the key contribution of various interleukins signalling pathways to energy and metabolic homeostasis and their roles in the biogenesis and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Besides local actions, attention is also drawn to their influence in the central nervous system (CNS) networks governing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Lima
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Snodgrass RG, Zezina E, Namgaladze D, Gupta S, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Lütjohann D, Brüne B. A Novel Function for 15-Lipoxygenases in Cholesterol Homeostasis and CCL17 Production in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1906. [PMID: 30197642 PMCID: PMC6117383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type B (ALOX15B) catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are upregulated in human alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) induced by Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and/or interleukin-13. Known primarily for roles in bioactive lipid mediator synthesis, 15-lipoxygenases (15-LOXs) have been implicated in various macrophage functions including efferocytosis and ferroptosis. Using a combination of inhibitors and siRNAs to suppress 15-LOX isoforms, we studied the role of 15-LOXs in cellular cholesterol homeostasis and immune function in naïve and AAMs. Silencing or inhibiting the 15-LOX isoforms impaired sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2 signaling by inhibiting SREBP-2 processing into mature transcription factor and reduced SREBP-2 binding to sterol regulatory elements and subsequent target gene expression. Silencing ALOX15B reduced cellular cholesterol and the cholesterol intermediates desmosterol, lanosterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol, and lathosterol as well as oxysterols in IL-4-stimulated macrophages. In addition, attenuating both 15-LOX isoforms did not generally affect IL-4 gene expression but rather uniquely impacted IL-4-induced CCL17 production in an SREBP-2-dependent manner resulting in reduced T cell migration to macrophage conditioned media. In conclusion, we identified a novel role for ALOX15B, and to a lesser extent ALOX15, in cholesterol homeostasis and CCL17 production in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Snodgrass
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Zezina
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sahil Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- ZAFES/Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- ZAFES/Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Deconstructing Adipogenesis Induced by β3-Adrenergic Receptor Activation with Single-Cell Expression Profiling. Cell Metab 2018; 28:300-309.e4. [PMID: 29937373 PMCID: PMC6082711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of brown/beige adipocytes (BAs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) involves proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) in concert with close interactions with resident immune cells. To deconvolve stromal cell heterogeneity in a comprehensive and unbiased fashion, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of >33,000 stromal/vascular cells from epididymal WAT (eWAT) and inguinal WAT (iWAT) under control conditions and during β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) activation. scRNA-seq identified distinct ASC subpopulations in eWAT and iWAT that appeared to be differentially poised to enter the adipogenic pathway. ADRB3 activation triggered the dramatic appearance of proliferating ASCs in eWAT, whose differentiation into BAs could be inferred from a single time point. scRNA-seq identified various immune cell types in eWAT, including a proliferating macrophage subpopulation that occupies adipogenic niches. These results demonstrate the power of scRNA-seq to deconstruct adipogenic niches and suggest novel functional interactions among resident stromal cell subpopulations.
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Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Villarroya J, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Giralt M. Toward an Understanding of How Immune Cells Control Brown and Beige Adipobiology. Cell Metab 2018; 27:954-961. [PMID: 29719233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells were recently found to have an unexpected involvement in controlling the thermogenic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. Here, we review how macrophages, eosinophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and T lymphocytes are linked to this process. In particular, the recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages and eosinophils is associated with brown fat activation and white fat browning. Conversely, pro-inflammatory immune cell recruitment represses the thermogenic activity of brown and beige adipose tissues via cytokines that inhibit noradrenergic signaling. Macrophages also influence the noradrenergic tone by degrading norepinephrine locally and by inhibiting sympathetic innervation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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50
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Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Mavangira V, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Periparturient lipolysis and oxylipid biosynthesis in bovine adipose tissues. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188621. [PMID: 29206843 PMCID: PMC5716552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipolysis in adipose tissues (AT), which induces the release of free fatty acids (FFA) into circulation. Among FFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation and can modulate inflammatory responses during lipolysis within AT. Linoleic and arachidonic acid oxidized products (oxylipids) such as hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODE) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), were recently identified as products of lipolysis that could modulate AT inflammation during lipolysis. However, the effect of lipolysis intensity during the transition from gestation to lactation on fatty acid substrate availability and subsequent AT oxylipid biosynthesis is currently unknown. We hypothesized that in periparturient dairy cows, alterations in AT and plasma fatty acids and oxylipid profiles coincide with changes in lipolysis intensity and stage of lactation. Blood and subcutaneous AT samples were collected from periparturient cows at -27±7 (G1) and -10±5 (G2) d prepartum and at 8±3 d postpartum (PP). Targeted lipidomic analysis was performed on plasma and AT using HPLC-MS/MS. We report that FFA concentrations increased as parturition approached and were highest at PP. Cows exhibiting high lipolysis rate at PP (FFA>1.0 mEq/L) had higher body condition scores at G1 compared to cows with low lipolysis rate (FFA<1.0 mEq/L). Concentrations of plasma linoleic and arachidonic acids were increased at PP. In AT, 13-HODE, and 5-, 11- and 15-HETE were increased at PP compared to G1 and G2. Concentrations of beta hydroxybutyrate were positively correlated with those of 13-HODE and 15-HETE in AT. Plasma concentrations of 5- and 20-HETE were increased at PP. These data demonstrate that prepartum adiposity predisposes cows to intense lipolysis post-partum and may exacerbate AT inflammation because of increased production of pro-inflammatory oxylipids including 5- and 15-HETE and 13-HODE. These results support a role for certain linoleic and arachidonic acid-derived oxylipids as positive and negative modulators of AT inflammation during periparturient lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jonas de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jeff Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Adam L. Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Lorraine M. Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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