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El-Sherbiny HR, Samir H, Youssef FS, Mohamed GG, Ismail SH, El-Shahat KH, Aboelmaaty AM, Mahrous KF, Al Syaad KM, Ahmed AE, Al-Saeed FA, Abduallah AM, Abdelnaby EA. Maternal supplementation of curcumin-olive oil nanocomposite improves uteroplacental blood flow, placental growth and antioxidant capacity in goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:839-853. [PMID: 38323934 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the impact of curcumin-olive oil nanocomposite (CONC) supplementation on uteroplacental hemodynamics and ultrasonographic measurements as well as maternal oxidative status in midgestating goats. Twelve synchronized pregnant goats (85.58 ± 1.08 days of gestation; mean ± SD) were uniformly assigned to two groups (n = 6/group); the first group received daily oral supplementation of CONC (3 mg/kg body weight; nanocurcumin [NC] group) for 32 days, and the second group was offered physiological saline (control) following the NC group timeline. The goats of both groups were examined at 3-day intervals for middle uterine (MUA) and umbilical (UMA) arteries hemodynamics (pulsatility index [PI], resistive index [RI], systole/diastole [S/D] and blood flow rate [BFR]) and diameters, uteroplacental thickness (UPT), placentomes' diameter (PD) and echogenicity, steroid hormones (progesterone and estradiol 17β), oxidative biomarkers (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA]), nitric oxide (NO) and blood cells DNA integrity. The UPT (p = 0.012) and PD (p = 0.021) values were higher in the NC group than in their counterparts' control group (D11-32). There were increases in diameter (p = 0.021 and p = 0.012) and decreases (p = 0.021, p = 0.016 and p = 0.041 [MUA]; p = 0.015, p = 0.023 and p = 0.011 [UMA] respectively) in Doppler indices (PI, RI and S/D) of the MUA and UMA in the NC group compared to the control group (D14-32). On D20-32 (MUA) and D14-32 (UMA), the NC goats had higher BFR than the control group (p = 0.021, 0.018 respectively). The means of blood cells with fragmented DNA were lower (p = 0.022) in the NC group than in the control group on Days 8 and 21 postsupplementation. There were increases in CAT and NO (D20-32; p = 0.022 and p = 0.004 respectively), and TAC (D17-32; p = 0.007) levels in the NC goats compared to the control ones. The NC group had lower (p = 0.029) concentrations of MDA than the control group on Day 20 postsupplementation onward. In conclusion, oral supplementation of CONC improved uteroplacental blood flow and the antioxidant capacity of midgestating goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haney Samir
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fady Sayed Youssef
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehad G Mohamed
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Khaled H El-Shahat
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal M Aboelmaaty
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Department, National Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Biotechnology Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Li Q, Zheng T, Chen J, Li B, Zhang Q, Yang S, Shao J, Guan W, Zhang S. Exploring melatonin's multifaceted role in female reproductive health: From follicular development to lactation and its therapeutic potential in obstetric syndromes. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00168-1. [PMID: 38692429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is mainly secreted by the pineal gland during darkness and regulates biological rhythms through its receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, it also plays a role in the reproductive system by affecting the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and by acting as a free radical scavenger thus contributing to the maintenance of the optimal physiological state of the gonads. Besides, melatonin can freely cross the placenta to influence fetal development. However, there is still a lack of overall understanding of the role of melatonin in the reproductive cycle of female mammals. AIM OF REVIEW Here we focus the role of melatonin in female reproduction from follicular development to delivery as well as the relationship between melatonin and lactation. We further summarize the potential role of melatonin in the treatment of preeclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and ovarian aging. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Understanding the physiological role of melatonin in female reproductive processes will contribute to the advancement of human fertility and reproductive medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baofeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayuan Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Griffin CK, Lemley CO, Pohler KG, Sun X, Lear AS. Characterization of placentome vascular perfusion in relation to pregnancy associated glycoproteins throughout gestation in pregnant beef heifers. Theriogenology 2024; 219:94-102. [PMID: 38417354 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy, blood flow to the uterus changes to support fetal demand. Placentomes serve as vascular attachment sites on the placenta for exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolic products. Non-invasive methods of ultrasonography and biomarkers have been described to assess placental health and fetal viability. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are produced by the ruminant placenta and are detected in maternal circulation. In cattle, changes in circulating PAG concentrations are associated with embryonic and fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the association between placentome blood perfusion and circulating PAG concentrations as they relate to the health of the developing fetus. We hypothesized that placentome perfusion and PAG concentration will be positively correlated and associated with neonatal outcome. A prospective, observational study was designed using 26 pregnant, nulliparous, Angus heifers in which PAG concentration and placentome blood perfusion were assessed throughout gestation, with assessment of calving characteristics following parturition. Placentome blood perfusion was visualized at 30-day intervals via transrectal Doppler ultrasonography with power flow function. Ultrasound images were analyzed using ImageJ software to determine the percent area of perfusion and integrated pixel densities. Venous blood was collected and PAG concentrations were determined via serum PAG enzyme-linked immunoassay. Mean placentome blood perfusion increased as gestation advanced. PAG concentrations demonstrated the expected temporal trend, increasing with gestation length, and were positively linearly correlated with placentome perfusion (P < 0.0001). The relationship identified between circulating PAG concentration and placentome blood perfusion suggests the use of transrectal power flow Doppler ultrasonography as a noninvasive technique to determine placental blood flow morphometrics to assess conceptus wellbeing throughout pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Griffin
- 2407 River Dr, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - C O Lemley
- 335 Wise Center Dr, Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - K G Pohler
- 474 Olsen Blvd, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - X Sun
- IT and Digital Innovations, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - A S Lear
- 2407 River Dr, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Martin AE, Machado VS, Rathmann RJ, Crossland WL. Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae028. [PMID: 38510064 PMCID: PMC10953793 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to vaccination in dairy calves. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in Holstein heifer calves during immunization. Sixty neonatal Holstein heifers were enrolled by birth cohort (block) and randomized to one of four treatments: control (CON), vaccination of 0.5 mg ovalbumin on days 0 and 21 (VAC), implantation of 24 mg melatonin on day 0 (MEL), or both melatonin and vaccine treatments (MVAC). Jugular blood was collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 63 to measure circulating melatonin, anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin-G, and PMN function. Calves implanted with melatonin had greater circulating melatonin than non-implanted on day 21 (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for vaccinated than non-vaccinated calves (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for MVAC than VAC calves on day 63. Percent of cells and mean florescence intensity of cells performing oxidative burst decreased from day 0 to day 63 (P < 0.01) but were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.26). There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for an interaction of melatonin, vaccination, and day for the mean florescence intensity of cells performing phagocytosis where MVAC was greater than all other treatments on d 42. Exogenous melatonin may alter PMN function of calves during vaccination. Further research is needed to define the effect of melatonin on development of antigen-specific IgG during programmed vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie E Martin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Vinicius S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ryan J Rathmann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Whitney L Crossland
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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5
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Samir H, Samir M, Radwan F, Mandour AS, El-Sherbiny HR, Ahmed AE, Al Syaad KM, Al-Saeed FA, Watanabe G. Effect of pre-treatment of melatonin on superovulation response, circulatory hormones, and miRNAs in goats during environmental heat stress conditions. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:459-474. [PMID: 37831382 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heat stress has a deleterious impact on farm animal reproductive performance. The purpose of this study was to see how the addition of melatonin affected the efficacy of the superovulation regimen in goats in hot climatic conditions. Sixteen Shiba goats were synchronized and divided into two equal groups (n = 8, each): the melatonin group, which received a single S/C dose of melatonin, and a control group, treated with one ml of corn oil only. Ultrasonographic assessment of ovarian structures (Graafian follicles; GFs and corpus lutea; CLs) morphometry and hemodynamics were performed during the estrous phase of the superovulation (D0) and at day7 after ovulation (D7) of the superovulation regimen. The peripheral reproductive hormones were measured, and microRNAs were characterized. The mean diameter and the total-colored area of GFs during the D0 were significantly (P˂0.05) higher in the melatonin group (5.42 ± 0.11 mm and 1592.20 ± 45.26 pixels, respectively) compared to the control group (4.62 ± 0.12 mm and 1052.55 ± 29.47 pixels, respectively). Concentrations of LH and E2 increased significantly (P˂0.05) in the melatonin group (1.06 ± 0.06 ng/ml and 46.34 ± 2.77 pg/ml, respectively) compared to the control group (0.75 ± 0.12 ng/ml and 29.33 ± 1.89 pg/ml, respectively). At D7, the melatonin-received goats attained greater values in the mean count (6.75 ± 0.33, P˂0.005), diameters (6.08 ± 0.12 mm, P˂0.01), and total-colored area (17137.30 ± 128.53 pixels, P˂0.01) of detected CLs and progesterone concentrations (4.08 ± 0.24 ng/ml) compared to control goats (4.00 ± 0.28, 4.50 ± 0.19 mm, 11156.87 ± 117.90 pixels, and 2.90 ± 0.18 ng/ml respectively). MiRNA expression analysis was identified during both stages denoting several up and downregulated miRNA candidates among the studied groups. In conclusion, incorporating melatonin enhanced the efficiency of the superovulation regimen in goats under hot climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Samir
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Immunogenetics Department, Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK
| | - Faten Radwan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Veterinarian graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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6
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Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Grazul-Bilska AT, Swanson KC, Perry GA, Vonnahme KA. Timing and duration of nutrient restriction and its impacts on placental development and umbilical blood flow in adolescent sheep. Theriogenology 2023; 209:21-30. [PMID: 37354757 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that nutrient restriction from day 50-90 of gestation decreases umbilical blood flow and that umbilical blood flow would recover to control values upon realimentation during late gestation (d 90 to 130) or remain reduced in ewes that continued to be nutrient restricted. On d 50 of gestation, young nulliparous whiteface ewes (6-8 mo; n = 41) carrying singletons were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: 100% of NRC recommendations (CON) or 60% of CON (RES). On d 90 of gestation, ewes either remained on CON or RES until d 130, or CON ewes were RES from d 90 to 130, or RES ewes were realimented to CON from d 90 to 130. This resulted in 4 treatment groups on day 130: CON-CON, CON-RES, RES-RES, RES-CON. Umbilical blood flow and fetal and placental measurements were obtained via ultrasonography every 10 days from day 50-110. Non-survival surgeries were performed on days 50, 90, and 130 (n = 6-7 ewes/group) where uterine artery and umbilical blood flows were measured during surgery via ultrasonography. Conceptus weights were recorded and placentomes collected to determine binucleate cell numbers. The study was conducted as a completely randomized design arrangement with repeated measures. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was a nutritional treatment by day interaction (P < 0.01) with CON ewes having greater umbilical blood flow compared with RES by d 90. Fetal biparietal distance, abdominal width, and kidney area increased (P < 0.05) in CON-RES with all these measurements increasing during late gestation. We partially accept our hypothesis as nutrient restriction during mid gestation decreased umbilical blood flow. However, blood flow did not return to control levels upon realimentation. By d 130, fetal and placental weights were similar between RES-RES and CON-CON. Binucleate cell numbers in the fetal trophoblast were not influenced by nutritional treatments. Our findings suggest that refeeding previously nutrient restricted pregnant adolescent ewes to control levels does not reestablish umbilical blood flow. Adequate placental development during mid gestation could protect the fetus from a decreased umbilical blood flow later in gestation when nutrients were limited by 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasquez-Hidalgo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7630 PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7630 PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - K C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7630 PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - G A Perry
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1710 FM 3053 N, Overton, Tx, 75684, USA
| | - K A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7630 PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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7
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Messman RD, Swanson RM, Lemley CO. Melatonin in Health and Disease: A Perspective for Livestock Production. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030490. [PMID: 36979425 PMCID: PMC10046399 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence in the literature indicates an important role of endogenous and exogenous melatonin in driving physiological and molecular adaptations in livestock. Melatonin has been extensively studied in seasonally polyestrous animals whereby supplementation studies have been used to adjust circannual rhythms in herds of animals under abnormal photoperiodic conditions. Livestock undergo multiple metabolic and physiological adaptation processes throughout their production cycle which can result in decreased immune response leading to chronic illness, weight loss, or decreased production efficiency; however, melatonin’s antioxidant capacity and immunostimulatory properties could alleviate these effects. The cardiovascular system responds to melatonin and depending on receptor type and localization, melatonin can vasodilate or vasoconstrict several systemic arteries, thereby controlling whole animal nutrient partitioning via vascular resistance. Increased incidences of non-communicable diseases in populations exposed to circadian disruption have uncovered novel pathways of neurohormones, such as melatonin, influence health, and disease. Perturbations in immune function can negatively impact the growth and development of livestock which has been examined following melatonin supplementation. Specifically, melatonin can influence nutrient uptake, circulating nutrient profiles, and endocrine profiles controlling economically important livestock growth and development. This review focuses on the physiological, cellular, and molecular implications of melatonin on the health and disease of domesticated food animals.
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8
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Reid DS, Geary TW, Zezeski AL, Waterman RC, Van Emon ML, Messman RD, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Effects of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall performance, male reproductive performance, and testicular hemodynamics in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad111. [PMID: 37052981 PMCID: PMC10132818 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been documented to alleviate compromised pregnancies and enhance livestock performance traits. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall calf performance and dam milking traits in relation to calves, molecular factors involved in growth and metabolism of calves, along with testicular physiology and fertility traits in subsequent bulls. On days 190, 220 and 250 of gestation, dams (N = 60) were administered either two subdermal ear melatonin implants (preMEL) or no implants (preCON). After parturition, birth weights were recorded and calves were blocked based on prenatal treatment and sex. Calves received either melatonin implants (posMEL) or none (posCON) on days 0, 30, and 60 of age. On day 60 of lactation, a subset of dams (N = 32) were selected based on age, weight, and calf sex for milk collection and analysis. At weaning, (day 210 postnatally) calf weight, morphometric data, liver samples, and loin samples were collected. At 12 mo of age, bull (N = 30) scrotal circumference, scrotal temperature, and testicular artery measurements were recorded. Milk yield and fat percent from dams tended to decrease in the preMEL group (P < 0.07) compared with preCON group. Prenatal melatonin administration did not affect (P = 0.95) calf birth weight and similarly calf weaning weight was unaffected (P < 0.10) by prenatal or postnatal melatonin supplementation. Blood analysis demonstrated that plasma concentrations of melatonin were not different (P = 0.12) in dams; however, an increase (P < 0.001) in plasma concentrations of melatonin was observed in posMEL vs. posCON calves. A tendency (P < 0.10) for decreased MYF5 and MYOD1 expression in loin muscle was observed in the posMEL calves. Prenatal and postnatal melatonin administration did not affect subsequent bull scrotal measurements or testicular hemodynamics (P ≥ 0.14). Administering supplemental melatonin via implants during the prenatal and postnatal phase did not alter performance characteristics in offspring. In this study, dams were implanted in winter months, whereas calves were implanted in the spring months. Seasonal differences involving photoperiod and ambient temperature might have attributed to a lack of differences in melatonin levels during the prenatal phase. In the postnatal period, the level of developmental plasticity appears to be too low for melatonin properties to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S Reid
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Thomas W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Abigail L Zezeski
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Richard C Waterman
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Megan L Van Emon
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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9
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Trotta RJ, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Smith BI, Reed SA, Govoni KE, Vonnahme KA, Swanson KC. Timing of maternal nutrient restriction during mid- to late-gestation influences net umbilical uptake of glucose and amino acids in adolescent sheep. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad383. [PMID: 37982730 PMCID: PMC10684045 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that maternal nutrient restriction during mid- to late-gestation influenced net umbilical uptakes of glucose and amino acids in sheep. However, it is unclear how the timing and duration of nutrient restriction during mid- to late-gestation influences net uterine, uteroplacental, and fetal flux of glucose and amino acids. On day 50 of gestation, 41 adolescent ewe lambs carrying singletons were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments: 1) 100% of nutrient requirements from days 50 to 90 of gestation (CON; n = 7); 2) 60% of nutrient requirements (RES; n = 7) from days 50 to 90 of gestation; 3) 100% of nutrient requirements from days 50 to 130 of gestation (CON-CON; n = 6); 4) 100% of nutrient requirements from days 50 to 90 of gestation and 60% of nutrient requirements from days 90 to 130 of gestation (CON-RES; n = 7); 5) 60% of nutrient requirements from days 50 to 90 of gestation and 100% of nutrient requirements from days 90 to 130 of gestation (RES-CON; n = 7); or 6) 60% of nutrient requirements from days 50 to 130 of gestation (RES-RES; n = 7). On day 90 (n = 14) and day 130 (n = 27), intraoperative procedures were performed to evaluate uteroplacental blood flows, collect blood samples, and then ewes were euthanized. Net uterine, uteroplacental, and umbilical fluxes of glucose and amino acids were calculated by multiplying blood flow by the arterial-venous concentration difference. Data from days 90 and 130 were analyzed separately using ANOVA in SAS. Maternal nutrient restriction during mid-gestation increased (P = 0.04) net umbilical glucose uptake but, maternal nutrient restriction during late-gestation decreased (P = 0.02) net umbilical glucose uptake. Net umbilical essential amino acid uptake decreased (P = 0.03) with nutrient restriction during mid-gestation; however, net umbilical uptakes of Phe (P = 0.02), Thr (P = 0.05), Met (P = 0.09), and His (P = 0.08) increased or tended to increase after nutrient restriction during late-gestation. These data demonstrate that net umbilical glucose and amino acid uptakes were influenced by the timing of nutrient restriction during mid- to late-gestation. Elevated net umbilical glucose uptake after mid-gestational nutrient restriction was sustained throughout late-gestation, independent of late-gestational feeding level. Long-term adaptations in umbilical glucose uptake may have implications for prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Brandon I Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kimberly A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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10
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Harman AR, Contreras-Correa ZE, Messman RD, Swanson RM, Lemley CO. Maternal nutrient restriction and dietary melatonin alter neurotransmitter pathways in placental and fetal tissues. Placenta 2023; 131:13-22. [PMID: 36469958 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research indicates an important role in the placental fetal brain axis, with a paucity of information reported in large animals. Melatonin supplementation has been investigated as a potential therapeutic to negate fetal growth restriction. We hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation would alter neurotransmitter pathways in fetal blood, cotyledonary and hypothalamus tissue. METHODS On day 160 of gestation, Brangus heifers (n = 29 in fall study; n = 25 in summer study) were assigned to one of four treatments: adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC recommendation), nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC recommendation), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL; RES-MEL). Placentomes, fetal blood, and hypothalamic tissue were collected at day 240 of gestation. Neurotransmitters were analyzed in fetal blood and fetal and placental tissues. Transcript abundance of genes in the serotonin pathway and catecholamine pathway were determined in fetal hypothalamus and placental cotyledon. RESULTS Serotonin was increased (P < 0.05) by 12.5-fold in the blood of fetuses from RES dams versus ADQ in the fall study. Additionally, melatonin supplementation increased (P < 0.05) neurotransmitter metabolites and transcript abundance of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) enzyme in the cotyledon. In the summer study, plasma dopamine and placental dopamine receptors were decreased (P < 0.05) in RES dams versus ADQ. DISCUSSION In conclusion, these data indicate novel evidence of the presence of neurotransmitters and their synthesis and metabolism in the bovine conceptus, which could have greater implications in establishing postnatal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Harman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Swanson R, Contreras-Correa Z, Dinh T, King H, Sidelinger D, Burnett D, Lemley C. Melatonin Supplementation Alters Maternal and Fetal Amino Acid Concentrations and Placental Nutrient Transporters in a Nutrient Restriction Bovine Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121208. [PMID: 36557248 PMCID: PMC9782144 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin rescues uterine blood flow and fetal body weight in a seasonal dependent manner within a nutrient restriction bovine model. We sought to identify the effects of nutrient restriction, melatonin, and sampling time on maternal and fetal amino acids, and placental nutrient transporters. Pregnant heifers received adequate or restricted nutrition, and 20 mg of melatonin or placebo from gestational days 160-240 over two seasons. On day 240 maternal and fetal blood, amnion, and placentomes were collected. Amino acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Caruncle and cotyledon tissues were assessed for nutrient transporter density by qPCR. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS for fixed effects. In fall, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on System N, Anion, and total maternal amino acids. Furthermore, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on Systems A, N, Br, Bo, and essential amnion amino acids. In summer, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction in Systems Br and Bo maternal amino acids. Furthermore, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on caruncle SLC38A10 and SLC38A2. Melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction in a seasonal dependent manner. These data align with previous studies suggesting melatonin is a more effective therapeutic in summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Swanson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Zully Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Thu Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Heath King
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Darcie Sidelinger
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Derris Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Caleb Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-662-325-2934
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12
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Samir H, Mandour AS, Radwan F, Swelum AA, Yoshida T, Tanaka R, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Diurnal rhythms in testicular blood flow, testicular morphometry and reproductive hormones in Shiba goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:1043-1051. [DOI: 10.1071/rd22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Testicular blood flow (TBF) is crucial for testicular function. The pattern of TBF in Shiba goats indicates seasonal variations. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of diurnal variations on TBF, testis volume (TV), testicular echogenicity, and reproductive hormones in goats over a 24-h period. Methods In three trials that went for three consecutive days each, 12 bucks were scanned using Triplex ultrasonography to assess the TV, pixel intensity of testicular echotexture (PIX), and Doppler indices of TBF (resistive index: RI and pulsatility index: PI) in four-time points a day (at 6.00, 12.00, 18.00, and 00.00 h). Concomitantly, the changes in circulating FSH, LH, inhibin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), cortisol, and melatonin were assessed. Key results Results revealed diurnal alterations in the calculated RI of TBF and the PIX of testicular parenchyma (P < 0.05). Lower RI values of the TBF were observed at 6.00 h compared to other time points. There were significant diurnal alterations in the levels of FSH (P < 0.05), LH (P < 0.05), T (P < 0.0001), E2 (P < 0.0001), cortisol (P < 0.0001), and melatonin (P < 0.0001). FSH attained a higher concentration at 18.00 h compared to 12.00 h. Concentrations of LH were significantly higher at 06.00 h compared to those at 18.00 h. Concentrations of T were significantly higher at 6.00 compared to other time points. E2 showed higher concentrations at 6.00 h and 00.00 h compared to 12.00 h and 18.00 h. On the contrary, concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher at 12.00 h and 18.00 h compared to 06.00 h and 00.00 h. The highest concentrations of melatonin were observed at 00.00 h compared to other time points, while the lowest concentrations were at 12.00 h. Conclusions Diurnal rhythm induces significant changes in TBF, testicular PIX, and circulating FSH, LH, T, E2, cortisol, and melatonin over the 24-h day. Implications The outcomes of the study are reflected in the advisability of monitoring the TBF at a fixed time a day to avoid the circadian rhythm effect.
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13
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Fantasia I, Bussolaro S, Stampalija T, Rolnik DL. The role of melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 278:22-28. [PMID: 36108451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency affects about 10% of pregnancies and can lead to pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth. Despite significant advances in early prediction and prevention of preterm pre-eclampsia with aspirin, the effects of prophylaxis on fetal growth restriction are less certain, and the rates of late-onset pre-eclampsia are not influenced by aspirin treatment. Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency are characterized by increased oxidative stress, and recent studies suggest that melatonin has antioxidant properties and contributes to maintaining placental homeostasis. We aimed to systematically review the available literature about melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, specifically preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, exploring three different aspects: 1) maternal melatonin levels; 2) expression and activity of melatonin placental receptors; 3) effects of maternal melatonin administration. PubMed (Medline) and Scopus were searched until December 2020. Identified studies were screened and assessed independently by two authors. Data were extracted and compiled in qualitative evidence synthesis. The circadian pattern of melatonin secretion seems to be altered in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency reflected by lower production of melatonin, with consequent lower systemic and placental concentrations and lower expression of melatonin receptors, thus reducing the local release of the indole and its autocrine function. Small intervention studies also suggest that treatment is safe and may lead to prolongation of pregnancy and better outcomes, but double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fantasia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, Italy.
| | - Sofia Bussolaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, Italy
| | - Tamara Stampalija
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, Italy
| | - Daniel L Rolnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Wellington Rd, Australia
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14
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Valenzuela I, Kinoshita M, van der Merwe J, Maršál K, Deprest J. Prenatal interventions for fetal growth restriction in animal models: A systematic review. Placenta 2022; 126:90-113. [PMID: 35796064 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in human pregnancy is associated with perinatal mortality, short- and long-term morbidities. No prenatal therapy is currently established despite decades of research. We aimed to review interventions in animal models for prenatal FGR treatment, and to seek the next steps for an effective clinical therapy. We registered our protocol and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane Library with no language restrictions, in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We included all studies that reported the effects of any prenatal intervention in animal models of induced FGR. From 3257 screened studies, 202 describing 237 interventions were included for the final synthesis. Mice and rats were the most used animals (79%) followed by sheep (16%). Antioxidants (23%), followed by vasodilators (18%), nutrients (14%), and immunomodulators (12%) were the most tested therapy. Two-thirds of studies only reported delivery or immediate neonatal outcomes. Adverse effects were rarely reported (11%). Most studies (73%), independent of the intervention, showed a benefit in fetal survival or birthweight. The risk of bias was high, mostly due to the lack of randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Future research should aim to describe both short- and long-term outcomes across various organ systems in well-characterized models. Further efforts must be made to reduce selection, performance, and detection bias.
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15
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Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction and Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiomyocyte Cell Development Parameters Using Machine Learning Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141818. [PMID: 35883365 PMCID: PMC9311781 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of maternal feed restriction and melatonin supplementation on fetal cardiomyocyte cell development parameters and predict binucleation and hypertrophy using machine learning techniques using pregnant beef heifers. Brangus heifers (n = 29) were assigned to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design at day 160 of gestation: (1) 100% of nutrient requirements (adequately fed; ADQ) with no dietary melatonin (CON); (2) 100% of nutrient requirements (ADQ) with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin (MEL); (3) 60% of nutrient requirements (nutrient-restricted; RES) with no dietary melatonin (CON); (4) 60% of nutrient requirements (RES) with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin (MEL). On day 240 of gestation, fetuses were removed, and fetal heart weight and thickness were determined. The large blood vessel perimeter was increased in fetuses from RES compared with ADQ (p = 0.05). The total number of capillaries per tissue area exhibited a nutrition by treatment interaction (p = 0.01) where RES-MEL increased capillary number compared (p = 0.03) with ADQ-MEL. The binucleated cell number per tissue area showed a nutrition by treatment interaction (p = 0.010), where it was decreased in RES-CON vs. ADQ-CON fetuses. Hypertrophy was estimated by dividing ventricle thickness by heart weight. Based on machine learning results, for the binucleation and hypertrophy target variables, the Bagging model with 5 Decision Tree estimators and 3 Decision Tree estimators produced the best results without overfitting. In the prediction of binucleation, left heart ventricular thickness feature had the highest Gin importance weight followed by fetal body weight. In the case of hypertrophy, heart weight was the most important feature. This study provides evidence that restricted maternal nutrition leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes while melatonin treatment can mitigate some of these disturbances.
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16
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Davenport BN, Wilson RL, Jones HN. Interventions for placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2022; 125:4-9. [PMID: 35414477 PMCID: PMC10947607 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications adversely impact both mother and/or fetus throughout the lifespan. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs when a fetus fails to reach their intrauterine potential for growth, it is the second highest leading cause of infant mortality, and leads to increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases in later life due 'fetal programming'. Abnormal placental development, growth and/or function underlies approximately 75% of FGR cases and there is currently no treatment save delivery, often prematurely. We previously demonstrated in a murine model of FGR that nanoparticle mediated, intra-placental human IGF-1 gene therapy maintains normal fetal growth. Multiple models of FGR currently exist reflecting the etiologies of human FGR and have been used by us and others to investigate the development of in utero therapeutics as discussed here. In addition to the in vivo models discussed herein, utilizing human models including in vitro (Choriocarcinoma cell lines and primary trophoblasts) and ex vivo (term villous fragments and placenta cotyledon perfusion) we have demonstrated robust nanoparticle uptake, transgene expression, nutrient transporter regulation without transfer to the fetus. For translational gene therapy application in the human placenta, there are multiple avenues that require investigation including syncytial uptake from the maternal circulation, transgene expression, functionality and longevity of treatment, impact of treatment on the mother and developing fetus. The potential impact of treating the placenta during gestation is high, wide-ranging across pregnancy complications, and may offer reduced risk of developing associated cardio-metabolic diseases in later life impacting at both an individual and societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylea N Davenport
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Rebecca L Wilson
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Helen N Jones
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States.
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17
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Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Swanson KC, Vonnahme KA. Effects of Mid-Gestation Nutrient Restriction, Realimentation, and Parity on the Umbilical Hemodynamics of the Pregnant Ewe. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.855345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that nutritional restriction from days 50 to 130 applied in young nulliparous ewes reduces umbilical blood flow (UBF). We hypothesized that during restriction, UBF and fetal and placentome dimensional measurements would decrease compared to adequately fed ewes, but upon realimentation, ewes would have similar UBF as ewes that were not restricted. We also hypothesized that multiparous ewes would be more resilient to nutrient restriction compared to nulliparous ewes. In experiment 1, second-parity Dorset ewes carrying singletons were assigned to an adequate nutrition group (CON, n = 7) or a restricted (60% of CON) group (RES, n = 8), from days 50 to 90 of gestation. In experiment 2, on day 50 of gestation, adult (15-month) nulliparous (NUL; n = 12) and multiparous (MUL; n = 16) Dorset ewes carrying singletons were randomly assigned to receive 100% of NRC recommendations (CON) or 60% of CON (RES). On day 90, all ewes were fed 100% of nutritional recommendations according to body weight. Ewe body weight and conceptus measurements via ultrasonography were recorded every 10 days from days 50 to 130 of gestation. We measured 10 random placentomes, fetal biparietal and abdominal length, and kidney length and width. Doppler mode was used to obtain UBF, pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI). Lamb weight and parturition problems were recorded. In experiment 1, on day 80, UBF decreased (P ≤ 0.05 means separation of unprotected F test), placentome size tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.10), and PI and RI tended to increase in RES vs. CON ewes (P ≤ 0.10). In experiment 2, there were no three-way interactions or main effects of treatments on UBF, PI, RI, and placentome size (P ≥ 0.57). There was a parity-by-day interaction (P < 0.05) for RI, but UBF was not affected by parity or diet. After realimentation, there was no effect of treatment on ultrasound measurements in both experiments. At birth, lambs and placental measurements were not different (P ≥ 0.43). Restriction from days 50 to 90 does not seem to influence umbilical hemodynamics or conceptus growth in adult white face sheep, regardless of parity.
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Vautier AN, Cadaret CN. Long-Term Consequences of Adaptive Fetal Programming in Ruminant Livestock. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.778440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations during gestation can alter fetal development and postnatal animal performance. In humans, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting from adaptive fetal programming is known as a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and predisposes offspring to metabolic disease, however, the prevalence and impact in livestock is not characterized as well. Multiple animal models have been developed as a proxy to determine mechanistic changes that underlie the postnatal phenotype resulting from these programming events in humans but have not been utilized as robustly in livestock. While the overall consequences are similar between models, the severity of the conditions appear to be dependent on type, timing, and duration of insult, indicating that some environmental insults are of more relevance to livestock production than others. Thus far, maternofetal stress during gestation has been shown to cause increased death loss, low birth weight, inefficient growth, and aberrant metabolism. A breadth of this data comes from the fetal ruminant collected near term or shortly thereafter, with fewer studies following these animals past weaning. Consequently, even less is known about how adaptive fetal programming impacts subsequent progeny. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the postnatal phenotype of livestock resulting from different models of fetal programming, with a focus on growth, metabolism, and reproductive efficiency. We further describe what is currently known about generational impacts of fetal programming in production systems, along with gaps and future directions to consider.
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Sebastiani G, Navarro-Tapia E, Almeida-Toledano L, Serra-Delgado M, Paltrinieri AL, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Effects of Antioxidant Intake on Fetal Development and Maternal/Neonatal Health during Pregnancy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040648. [PMID: 35453333 PMCID: PMC9028185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, cycles of hypoxia and oxidative stress play a key role in the proper development of the fetus. Hypoxia during the first weeks is crucial for placental development, while the increase in oxygen due to the influx of maternal blood stimulates endothelial growth and angiogenesis. However, an imbalance in the number of oxidative molecules due to endogenous or exogenous factors can overwhelm defense systems and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many pregnancy complications, generated by systemic inflammation and placental vasoconstriction, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB), are related to this increase of ROS. Antioxidants may be a promising tool in this population. However, clinical evidence on their use, especially those of natural origin, is scarce and controversial. Following PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the use of natural antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), melatonin and resveratrol (RESV), as well as other classical antioxidants (vitamin C and E) during the prenatal period as treatment of the above-mentioned complications. We review the effect of antioxidant supplementation on breast milk in lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida-Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
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20
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Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during gestation affects the vascular function of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. Theriogenology 2022; 185:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hansell JA, Richter HG, Camm EJ, Herrera EA, Blanco CE, Villamor E, Patey OV, Lock MC, Trafford AW, Galli GLJ, Giussani DA. Maternal melatonin: Effective intervention against developmental programming of cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring of complicated pregnancy. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12766. [PMID: 34634151 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adopting an integrative approach, by combining studies of cardiovascular function with those at cellular and molecular levels, this study investigated whether maternal treatment with melatonin protects against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring using an established rodent model of hypoxic pregnancy. Wistar rats were divided into normoxic (N) or hypoxic (H, 10% O2 ) pregnancy ± melatonin (M) treatment (5 μg·ml-1 .day-1 ) in the maternal drinking water. Hypoxia ± melatonin treatment was from day 15-20 of gestation (term is ca. 22 days). To control for possible effects of maternal hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake, additional dams underwent pregnancy under normoxic conditions but were pair-fed (PF) to the daily amount consumed by hypoxic dams from day 15 of gestation. In one cohort of animals from each experimental group (N, NM, H, HM, PF, PFM), measurements were made at the end of gestation. In another, following delivery of the offspring, investigations were made at adulthood. In both fetal and adult offspring, fixed aorta and hearts were studied stereologically and frozen hearts were processed for molecular studies. In adult offspring, mesenteric vessels were isolated and vascular reactivity determined by in-vitro wire myography. Melatonin treatment during normoxic, hypoxic or pair-fed pregnancy elevated circulating plasma melatonin in the pregnant dam and fetus. Relative to normoxic pregnancy, hypoxic pregnancy increased fetal haematocrit, promoted asymmetric fetal growth restriction and resulted in accelerated postnatal catch-up growth. Whilst fetal offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed aortic wall thickening, adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed dilated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, whilst cardiac protein expression of eNOS was downregulated in the fetal heart, eNOS protein expression was elevated in the heart of adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy. Adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy further showed enhanced mesenteric vasoconstrictor reactivity to phenylephrine and the thromboxane mimetic U46619. The effects of hypoxic pregnancy on cardiovascular remodelling and function in the fetal and adult offspring were independent of hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake. Conversely, the effects of hypoxic pregnancy on fetal and postanal growth were similar in pair-fed pregnancies. Whilst maternal treatment of normoxic or pair-fed pregnancies with melatonin on the offspring cardiovascular system was unremarkable, treatment of hypoxic pregnancies with melatonin in doses lower than those recommended for overcoming jet lag in humans enhanced fetal cardiac eNOS expression and prevented all alterations in cardiovascular structure and function in fetal and adult offspring. Therefore, the data support that melatonin is a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention against developmental origins of cardiovascular dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hansell
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans G Richter
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Blanco
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga V Patey
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
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Freitas-de-Melo A, Sales F, Ungerfeld R, Parraguez VH. Melatonin treatment during late gestation of undernourished ewes: lamb body temperature and mother–young behaviours after birth. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ContextIn extensive grazing sheep systems, pregnant ewes undergo periods of undernutrition because gestation coincides with winter when natural pasture is of lowest quantity and poorest quality. The lamb’s weight and thermoregulatory capacity, and the ewe–lamb bond at birth, may be compromised. Maternal melatonin treatment during gestation may reverse these effects.AimThe aim was to determine the effects of melatonin treatment of single-lambing, undernourished ewes during the last third of gestation on lamb birthweights and body temperatures, and on ewe–lamb interactive behaviour after birth.MethodsAt Day 100 of gestation, 39 single-bearing ewes received a subcutaneous melatonin implant, and 54 ewes served as controls with no implant. Throughout gestation, the ewes remained under extensive conditions grazing on natural pasture. Measurements were made of lamb birthweight, body temperatures (surface temperature by infrared thermography and rectal temperature), and ewe–lamb behaviours during a handling test at 6–17h after lambing.Key resultsThere was no effect of melatonin treatment on lamb birthweight or rectal temperature, or on ewe–lamb interaction behaviours. Hip minimum surface temperature was greater in lambs from melatonin-treated ewes than lambs from control ewes (21.2°C±0.9°C vs 18.8°C±0.8°C; P=0.05), and there was a similar trend for hip mean surface temperature (24.6°C±0.9°C vs 22.3°C±0.7°C; P=0.06). Rump surface temperatures were greater in male than female lambs: maximum (27.9°C±1.2°C vs 22.9°C±1.2°C; P=0.01), minimum (22.2°C±1.5°C vs 16.7°C±1.5°C; P=0.02) and mean (25.4°C±1.3°C vs 20.5°C±1.3°C; P=0.02).ConclusionMelatonin treatment during the last third of ewe pregnancy slightly enhanced the surface temperature of lambs at birth but did not influence ewe–lamb interaction behaviour after birth (i.e. after establishment of the ewe–lamb bond).ImplicationsFurther study in more depth is warranted into the possible effects of maternal supplementation with commercial melatonin implants on lamb development, thermoregulatory capacity, behaviour and survival rates in extensive grazing systems, including the effect on ewe–lamb behaviours immediately after birth for both singletons and twins.
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Reid DS, Burnett DD, Contreras-Correa ZE, Lemley CO. Differences in bovine placentome blood vessel density and transcriptomics in a mid to late-gestating maternal nutrient restriction model. Placenta 2021; 117:122-130. [PMID: 34883456 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal development is reliant on a functioning placenta, which can be influenced by maternal nutrition. Moreover, the variation in cotyledonary capacity within an animal has not been fully examined to date. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of (1) placentome size and (2) maternal nutrient restriction on molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic features of bovine placentomes during late gestation. METHODS Pregnant cows (n = 6) were placed into one of 2 treatments: CON (100% NRC) vs RES (60% of NRC) from day 140 until slaughter at day 240 of gestation. Placentomes of various sizes were perfused to assess macroscopic blood vessel density of the cotyledon. Microscopic imaging and RNA extraction for sequencing was performed. RESULTS Macroscopic blood vessel density relative to placentome weight was not different (P = 0.42) among small, medium, or large placentomes. Cotyledonary microscopic blood vessel number, area, and perimeter was increased (P < 0.005) in high versus low blood perfusion areas. Differential expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed 209 upregulations and 168 downregulations in the RES group (P ≤ 0.0001). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that downregulated enriched terms were involved in blood vessel and mesenchymal stem cells development, whereas upregulated enriched terms were involved with translation and ribosomal function. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that placentome function is uniform across various placentome sizes within an animal. However, microscopic heterogeneity exists within each placentome. Maternal nutrient constraints alter placental transcriptomics which may yield compensatory mechanisms involved in nutrient transport including increased perimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S Reid
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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24
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Hicks ZM, Yates DT. Going Up Inflame: Reviewing the Underexplored Role of Inflammatory Programming in Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restricted Livestock. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 2. [PMID: 34825243 PMCID: PMC8612632 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.761421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on health in humans is well-recognized. It is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide, and it is associated with deficits in metabolism and muscle growth that increase lifelong risk for hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Comparatively, the barrier that IUGR imposes on livestock production is less recognized by the industry. Meat animals born with low birthweight due to IUGR are beset with greater early death loss, inefficient growth, and reduced carcass merit. These animals exhibit poor feed-to-gain ratios, less lean mass, and greater fat deposition, which increase production costs and decrease value. Ultimately, this reduces the amount of meat produced by each animal and threatens the economic sustainability of livestock industries. Intrauterine growth restriction is most commonly the result of fetal programming responses to placental insufficiency, but the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are not well-understood. In uncompromised pregnancies, inflammatory cytokines are produced at modest rates by placental and fetal tissues and play an important role in fetal development. However, unfavorable intrauterine conditions can cause cytokine activity to be excessive during critical windows of fetal development. Our recent evidence indicates that this impacts developmental programming of muscle growth and metabolism and contributes to the IUGR phenotype. In this review, we outline the role of inflammatory cytokine activity in the development of normal and IUGR phenotypes. We also highlight the contributions of sheep and other animal models in identifying mechanisms for IUGR pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena M Hicks
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Peng X, Cai X, Li J, Huang Y, Liu H, He J, Fang Z, Feng B, Tang J, Lin Y, Jiang X, Hu L, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Che L, Wu D. Effects of Melatonin Supplementation during Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance, Maternal-Placental-Fetal Redox Status, and Placental Mitochondrial Function in a Sow Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1867. [PMID: 34942970 PMCID: PMC8698367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a bio-antioxidant that has been widely used to prevent pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and IUGR during gestation. This experiment evaluated the impacts of dietary MT supplementation during pregnancy on reproductive performance, maternal-placental-fetal redox status, placental inflammatory response, and mitochondrial function, and sought a possible underlying mechanism in the placenta. Sixteen fifth parity sows were divided into two groups and fed each day of the gestation period either a control diet or a diet that was the same but for 36 mg of MT. The results showed that dietary supplementation with MT increased placental weight, while the percentage of piglets born with weight < 900 g decreased. Meanwhile, serum and placental MT levels, maternal-placental-fetal redox status, and placental inflammatory response were increased by MT. In addition, dietary MT markedly increased the mRNA levels of nutrient transporters and antioxidant-related genes involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway in the placenta. Furthermore, dietary MT significantly increased ATP and NAD+ levels, relative mtDNA content, and the protein expression of Sirt1 in the placenta. These results suggested that MT supplementation during gestation could improve maternal-placental-fetal redox status and reproductive performance by ameliorating placental antioxidant status, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Peng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Xuelin Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.P.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (J.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.C.)
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26
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Peine JL, Neville TL, Jia G, Van Emon ML, Kirsch JD, Hammer CJ, Meyer AM, O’Rourke ST, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Effects of maternal nutrition and rumen-protected arginine supplementation on maternal carotid artery hemodynamics and circulating amino acids of ewes and offspring. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab201. [PMID: 34723341 PMCID: PMC8559166 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiparous Rambouillet ewes (n = 32) were allocated in a completely randomized design to determine if rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) supplementation during mid- and late gestation would 1) alter maternal carotid artery hemodynamics and 2) affect circulating amino acids associated with arginine metabolism in dams from day 54 of gestation to parturition and in their offspring from birth to 54 d of age. Ewes were assigned to one of three treatments from day 54 ± 3.9 to parturition: control (CON; 100% nutrient requirements), restricted (RES; 60% of CON), and RES plus 180 mg RP-Arg•kg BW-1•d1 (RES-ARG). Ewes were penned individually in a temperature-controlled facility. Carotid artery hemodynamics was measured via Doppler ultrasound at day 50 and 130 of gestation. Maternal serum was collected at day 54 and 138 of gestation and at parturition. At parturition, lambs were immediately removed from their dams and reared independently. Lamb serum samples were collected at birth and 1, 3, 7, 33, and 54 d of age. Pulsatility index was the only hemodynamic measurement altered by dietary treatment, where day 130 measurements were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for RES and RES-ARG compared with CON. The change in pulsatility index was greater (P < 0.01) for RES compared with CON but tended to be intermediate (P ≥ 0.12) for RES-ARG. Maternal serum Arg, Cit, and Asp at day 138 were greater (P < 0.01) for CON compared with RES and RES-ARG; serum Orn at day 138 was greater (P = 0.04) for CON compared with RES. Maternal serum Cit at parturition was greater (P ≤ 0.03) for CON and RES-ARG compared with RES. Offspring serum Arg was affected by a maternal treatment by day of age interaction (P = 0.03), where at day 3, CON and RES-ARG had greater (P ≤ 0.03) serum Arg concentrations than RES, and at day 54, RES-ARG was greater than (P = 0.002) CON and RES was intermediate and did not differ from (P ≥ 0.09) CON and RES-ARG. Offspring serum Orn and Cit were less (P ≤ 0.03) for RES and RES-ARG compared with CON. Results indicate that distal tissue blood perfusion decreased due to maternal RES, and RES-ARG was able to improve perfusion but not to the level of CON ewes. Further, maternal RP-Arg altered offspring Arg and related amino acid concentrations during the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena L Peine
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Guangquiang Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Megan L Van Emon
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Carolyn J Hammer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Stephen T O’Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108,USA
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Impact of donor nutritional balance on the growth and development of mesenchymal stem cells from caprine umbilical cord Wharton´s jelly. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:169-182. [PMID: 34625865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord (UC) have aroused considerable interest. However, little is known about the maternal effect on these cells. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the nutritional status of donor goats on the growth and differentiation of MSCs from the UC. At parturition, 19 goats were grouped based on their low or high body mass index (low BMI, LBMI, n = 9; and high BMI, HBMI, n = 10). UCs were collected during delivery and Wharton's jelly (WJ) fragments cultured. WJ-MSCs were differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and the population doubling time (PDT) was determined. Samples of WJ-MSCs were also used to verify the expression of the CD90, CD73, CD34, CD45, and CD105 genes. Media used for WJ-MSC primary cultures were analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy. The lag phase was 7.5 ± 0.6 days and the entire culture took 26.7 ± 1.3 days, with a cell proliferation rate of 8.500 cells/day. The mean PDT from subculture was 30.0 ± 0.7 h. The CD105 gene was sub-expressed in LBMI, and the spectra of the spent media from the second to fourth day of WJ-MSC primary culture were segregated into negative scores by multivariate analysis. We conclude that, in goats, the nutritional balance of the donor did not affect the in vitro growth of MSCs derived from the UC. However, the molecular profile observed in the low BMI group suggests that the use of MSCs for therapeutic purposes should be considered more carefully.
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28
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Messman RD, Sidelinger DR, Heath King E, Sánchez-Rodríguez HL, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Melatonin alters bovine uterine artery hemodynamics, vaginal temperatures, and fetal morphometrics during late gestational nutrient restriction in a season-dependent manner. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6350784. [PMID: 34387666 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to examine melatonin-mediated changes in temporal uterine blood flow (UBF), vaginal temperatures (VTs), and fetal morphometrics in 54 commercial Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25) during compromised pregnancy. At day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to one of the four treatments consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% National Research Council [NRC]; n = 13), global nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n =13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). In the morning (0500 hours; AM) and afternoon (1300 hours; PM) of day 220 of gestation, UBF was determined via Doppler ultrasonography, while temperature data loggers attached to progesterone-free controlled internal drug releases were used to record VTs. At day 240 of gestation, heifers underwent cesarean sections for fetal removal and morphometrics determination. The UBF and VT data were analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the morphometrics was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Seasons were analyzed separately. In Fall, a nutrition by treatment interaction was observed, where the RES-CON heifers exhibited reduced total UBF compared with ADQ-CON (5.67 ± 0.68 vs. 7.97 ± 0.54 L/min; P = 0.039). In Summer, MEL heifers exhibited increased total UBF compared with the CON counterparts (8.16 ± 0.73 vs. 6.00 ± 0.70 L/min; P = 0.048). Moreover, there was a nutrition by treatment by time interaction in VT for Fall and Summer heifers (P ≤ 0.005). In Fall, all groups had decreased VT in the morning compared with the afternoon (P < 0.05). Whereas, in Summer, VT increased for ADQ-CON and RES-CON (P < 0.0001) from morning to afternoon, the ADQ-MEL and RES-MEL remained constant throughout the day (P = 0.648). Furthermore, the RES-MEL-PM exhibited decreased VT compared with ADQ-CON-PM (38.91 ± 0.09 vs. 39.26 ± 0.09 °C; P = 0.018). Lastly, in Fall, a main effect of nutrition was observed on fetal weights, where the RES dams had fetuses with decreased body weight when compared with ADQ (24.08 ± 0.62 vs. 26.57 ± 0.64 kg; P = 0.0087). In Summer, a nutrition by treatment interaction was observed on fetal weights where the RES-CON dams had fetuses with reduced weight when compared with ADQ-CON and RES-MEL (P < 0.05). In summary, nutrient restriction decreased UBF and melatonin supplementation increased UBF depending on the season. Additionally, melatonin appeared to decrease VT and rescue fetal weights when supplemented in the Summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Darcie R Sidelinger
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - E Heath King
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Huang Z, Huang S, Song T, Yin Y, Tan C. Placental Angiogenesis in Mammals: A Review of the Regulatory Effects of Signaling Pathways and Functional Nutrients. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2415-2434. [PMID: 34167152 PMCID: PMC8634476 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placental development and proper angiogenesis are essential for fetal growth during pregnancy. Angiogenesis involves the regulatory action of many angiogenic factors and a series of signal transduction processes inside and outside the cell. The obstruction of placental angiogenesis causes fetal growth restriction and serious pregnancy complications, even leading to fetal loss and pregnancy cessation. In this review, the effects of placental angiogenesis on fetal development are described, and several signaling pathways related to placental angiogenesis and their key regulatory mediators are summarized. These factors, which include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor, delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4)-Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, may affect the placental angiogenesis process. Moreover, the degree of vascularization depends on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which is affected by the synthesis and secretion of metabolites or intermediates and mutual coordination or inhibition in these pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of functional nutrients (including amino acids and fatty acids) in regulating placental angiogenesis. Understanding the specific mechanism of placental angiogenesis and its influence on fetal development may facilitate the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating nutritional regulation strategies during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Messman RD, Contreras-Correa ZE, Paz HA, Lemley CO. Melatonin-induced changes in the bovine vaginal microbiota during maternal nutrient restriction. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6196023. [PMID: 33773492 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota has proved challenging, with recent studies deeming the microbiota dynamic due to few overall changes being found. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether gestational age, endogenous progesterone, maternal nutrient restriction, or dietary melatonin altered the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota. Brangus heifers (n = 29) from timed artificial insemination to day 240 of gestation were used; at day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to either an adequate (ADQ; n = 14; 100% NRC requirements) or restricted (RES; n = 15; 60% NRC requirements) nutritional plane and were either supplemented with dietary melatonin (MEL; n = 15) or not supplemented (CON; n = 14). Samples for vaginal microbiota analysis were taken on day 0 (prior to artificial insemination), day 150 (prior to dietary treatments), and day 220 of gestation (60 d post-treatment initiation) using a double guarded culture swab. The vaginal bacterial overall community structure was determined through sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. Alpha diversity was compared via 2-way ANOVA; β diversity was compared via PERMANOVA. The linear discriminant analysis for effect size (LEfSe) pipeline was utilized for analysis of taxonomic rank differences between bacterial communities. Gestational age, progesterone concentration, and maternal nutritional plane did not alter α or β diversity of the vaginal microbiota. However, gestational age resulted in compositional changes at the order, family, and genus level. Moreover, dietary melatonin supplementation did not alter α diversity of the vaginal microbiota but did alter β diversity (P = 0.02). Specifically, melatonin altered the composition at the genus level and increased the prevalence of aerobic bacteria in the vaginal tract. To date, melatonin is the first hormone associated with altering the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Henry A Paz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Langston-Cox A, Marshall SA, Lu D, Palmer KR, Wallace EM. Melatonin for the Management of Preeclampsia: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030376. [PMID: 33802558 PMCID: PMC8002171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disease specific to pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension with maternal organ dysfunction and/or fetal growth restriction. It remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. For sixty years, antihypertensives have been the mainstay of treating preeclampsia and only recently have insights into the pathogenesis of the disease opened new avenues for novel therapies. Melatonin is one such option, an endogenous and safe antioxidant, that may improve the maternal condition in preeclampsia while protecting the fetus from a hostile intrauterine environment. Here we review the evidence for melatonin as a possible adjuvant therapy for preeclampsia, including in vitro evidence supporting a role for melatonin in protecting the human placenta, preclinical models, vascular studies, and clinical studies in hypertension and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Langston-Cox
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.L.-C.); (S.A.M.); (D.L.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Sarah A. Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.L.-C.); (S.A.M.); (D.L.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Daisy Lu
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.L.-C.); (S.A.M.); (D.L.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Kirsten R. Palmer
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.L.-C.); (S.A.M.); (D.L.); (K.R.P.)
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Euan M. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.L.-C.); (S.A.M.); (D.L.); (K.R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9594-5145; Fax: +61-3-9594-5003
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Kim JM, Lee SY, Lee JY. Melatonin for the prevention of fetal injury associated with intrauterine inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13402. [PMID: 33583108 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine inflammation is shown to be associated with preterm birth, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and other pregnancy-related comorbidities such as central nervous system diseases including cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia, pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory distress syndrome, and necrotizing enterocolitis, to name a few. Many animal studies on intrauterine inflammation demonstrate that ascending infection of reproductive organs or the production of proinflammatory cytokines by some stimuli in utero results in such manifestations. Melatonin, known for its primary function in maintaining circadian rhythm, is now recognized as one of the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some studies, melatonin injection in pregnant animals with intrauterine inflammation significantly reduced the number of preterm births, the severity of structural disintegration of the fetal lungs observed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and perinatal brain injuries with improvement in neuromotor function. These implicated benefits of melatonin in pregnant women with intrauterine inflammation seem promising in many research studies, strongly supporting the hypothesis that melatonin has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially be taken by pregnant women who are at risk of having intrauterine inflammation. In this review, the potential of melatonin for improving outcomes of the pregnancies with intrauterine inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Mee Kim
- Department of Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Lee
- Educational Competence Support Center, Hanshin University, Osan, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Flinn T, Gunn JR, Kind KL, Swinbourne AM, Weaver AC, Kelly JM, Walker SK, Gatford KL, van Wettere WHEJ, Kleemann DO. Maternal melatonin implants improve twin Merino lamb survival. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5935828. [PMID: 33091925 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High preweaning mortality rates cost the Australian sheep industry an estimated $540 million annually in lost production, with losses significantly greater in twin (≥30%) compared with singleton lambs (≥10%). Previous intensive studies demonstrated that supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin reduces adverse effects of fetal growth restriction and perinatal hypoxia on the neonatal brain via increased umbilical blood flow, placental efficiency, and antioxidant actions. The current study examined the effects of supplementing ewes with melatonin on the survival of twin Merino lambs under extensive grazing conditions. Pregnant mixed age ewes were implanted with 1 (M1, n = 50) or 2 (M2, n = 53) slow-release melatonin implants (18 mg, Regulin) at gestational days 70 to 90. Control ewes received no supplementation (CTL, n = 54). Ewes were monitored twice daily throughout the lambing period. Lamb survival, weight, and rectal temperature were recorded on the day of birth. Lamb blood samples were taken the following day for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) analysis. Lamb survival and weight were recorded again at marking (30.6 ± 0.6 d postpartum) and weaning (70.7 ± 0.6 d postpartum). Lamb survival was increased in both melatonin treatments to 3 d postpartum (M1 = 98.0%; M2 = 95.3%; CTL = 83.3%; each P < 0.01), and this improvement was maintained to weaning (M1 = 94.0%; M2 = 92.5%; CTL = 79.6%; each P < 0.01). Melatonin did not affect lamb birthweight, rectal temperature, or growth rate. However, the rates of parturition-related death (dystocia, stillbirth, and birth injury) were greater in CTL lambs than M1 (P = 0.009) and M2 (P = 0.035). This suggests that improved survival is primarily due to melatonin-induced neuroprotection, although further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms. These data provide evidence that supplementing pregnant twin-bearing Merino ewes with melatonin may be a practical strategy to reduce neonatal mortality and improve weaning rates in extensively managed sheep flocks. Although the present data are promising, this study is limited by small sample size and requires further replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Flinn
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica R Gunn
- Minnipa Agricultural Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Minnipa, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen L Kind
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alyce M Swinbourne
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alice C Weaver
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kelly
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon K Walker
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William H E J van Wettere
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - David O Kleemann
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia
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Flinn T, McCarthy NL, Swinbourne AM, Gatford KL, Weaver AC, McGrice HA, Kelly JM, Walker SK, Kind KL, Kleemann DO, van Wettere WHEJ. Supplementing Merino ewes with melatonin during the last half of pregnancy improves tolerance of prolonged parturition and survival of second-born twin lambs. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5986736. [PMID: 33205209 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High preweaning mortality rates continue to limit sheep production globally, constituting a major economic and welfare concern. Greater losses in twin lambs (≥30%) compared with singletons (≥10%) are attributed primarily to lower birth weight and increased risk of intrapartum hypoxia, leading to impairment of thermoregulation, neuromotor activity, and maternal bonding behavior. Previous intensive studies demonstrated that supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin reduced the adverse effects of fetal growth restriction and perinatal hypoxia on the neonatal brain via increased umbilical blood flow, placental efficiency, and antioxidant actions. The current study examined the effects of supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin on lamb survival, birth weight, and behavior under intensive conditions. From gestational day (gD) 80 until parturition, pregnant singleton and twin-bearing ewes were supplemented with melatonin via a 2-mg capsule fed daily (Mel-FED, n = 61) or 18 mg subcutaneous implant (Regulin), with one implant administered at gD80 and another at gD125 (Mel-IMP, n = 60). Control ewes received no supplementation (CTL, n = 60). Ewes and lambs were monitored via video throughout parturition. Postpartum measures were taken from lambs at 4 and 24 h (live weight [LW], rectal temperature, serum immunoglobulin G, and latency to stand and suck after birth) and LW at 72 h, 7 d, marking (49.7 ± 0.2 d), and weaning (124.2 ± 0.8 d). Chi-square analysis was used to compare lamb survival between treatment groups. There were no treatment effects on singleton lamb survival. Melatonin supplementation tended to increase the proportion of twin lambs surviving from birth to weaning (Mel-FED = 85.5%; Mel-IMP = 85.9%; CTL = 72.9%; each P < 0.1). Survival of first-born twins did not differ between treatment (each ~90%, P = 0.745) but within second-born twins, survival of Mel-FED was greater than CTL (81.6 vs. 57.1%, P = 0.023), and Mel-IMP (78.1%) tended to be greater than CTL (P = 0.068). Similarly, in second-born twins exposed to prolonged parturition (≥ 90 min), survival of lambs from Mel-FED ewes was greater than CTL (86.7% vs. 42.9%, P = 0.032), while Mel-IMP was intermediate (66.7%). These data suggest that the neuroprotective actions of melatonin may improve twin lamb survival by increasing tolerance of prolonged parturition and provide a sound basis for continued testing in extensively managed sheep flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Flinn
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Niki L McCarthy
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Alyce M Swinbourne
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alice C Weaver
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Hayley A McGrice
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kelly
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Simon K Walker
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Karen L Kind
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David O Kleemann
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - William H E J van Wettere
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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35
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Trotta RJ, Swanson KC. Prenatal and Postnatal Nutrition Influence Pancreatic and Intestinal Carbohydrase Activities of Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:171. [PMID: 33450809 PMCID: PMC7828265 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminant livestock species, nutrition can play an important role in the long-term programming of gastrointestinal function. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzymes are important for postruminal digestion of carbohydrates and protein. Carbohydrases have been shown to respond to changes in the level of feed intake and the dietary inclusion of specific nutrients, including arginine, butyrate, folic acid, fructose, and leucine. Understanding how diet influences enzyme development and activity during prenatal and postnatal life could lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize offspring growth and development to increase digestive efficiency of ruminant livestock species. More research is needed to understand how changes in fetal or neonatal carbohydrase activities in response to nutrition influence long-term growth performance and efficiency in ruminant livestock species to optimize nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Trotta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Kendall C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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36
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Trotta RJ, Lemley CO, Vonnahme KA, Swanson KC. Effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation from mid-to-late gestation on maternal and fetal small intestinal carbohydrase activities in sheep. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106555. [PMID: 32947201 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation during mid-to-late gestation on maternal and fetal small intestinal carbohydrase activities in sheep. Ewes were randomly assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Ewes were fed to provide 100% (adequate; ADQ) or 60% (restricted; RES) of nutrient recommendations, and diets were supplemented with either no melatonin (control; CON) or 5 mg melatonin/d (melatonin; MEL). This resulted in 4 treatment groups: CON-ADQ (n = 7), CON-RES (n = 8), MEL-ADQ (n = 8), MEL-RES (n = 8). Treatments began on day 50 of gestation, and ewes were euthanized on day 130 for tissue collection. The maternal and fetal small intestine were collected and assayed for small intestinal carbohydrase activities. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS with fetal sex, melatonin, nutrition, and the melatonin by nutrition interaction included in the model statement. There were no melatonin by nutrition interactions for maternal or fetal small intestinal protein concentration or carbohydrase activities (P ≥ 0.11). Dietary melatonin supplementation decreased (P = 0.03) maternal small intestinal protein concentration by 22.7% and increased (P = 0.03) maternal small intestinal glucoamylase, isomaltase, and maltase activity per gram protein by 45.5%, 41.3%, and 40.6%, respectively. Nutrient restriction from mid-to-late gestation did not influence (P ≥ 0.46) maternal small intestinal protein concentration, or maltase, isomaltase, and lactase activity. Maternal glucoamylase activity per gram intestine increased (P = 0.05) with nutrient restriction by 49.1%. Melatonin supplementation and maternal nutrient restriction did not influence (P ≥ 0.15) fetal small intestinal protein concentration, or glucoamylase, isomaltase, and lactase activity. Maternal nutrient restriction from mid-to-late gestation decreased (P = 0.05) fetal maltase activity per gram intestine by 20.5% but did not influence fetal maltase activity per gram protein. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal carbohydrases are influenced by nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation in sheep. More information is needed to understand how nutritional and hormonal factors regulate digestive enzyme activity in ruminants to design improved maternal nutrition programs to optimize fetal growth and development while maintaining maternal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Trotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - C O Lemley
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - K A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - K C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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Flinn T, Kleemann DO, Swinbourne AM, Kelly JM, Weaver AC, Walker SK, Gatford KL, Kind KL, van Wettere WHEJ. Neonatal lamb mortality: major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 33292527 PMCID: PMC7643391 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production, constituting a major economic and welfare concern. Despite significant advances in genetics, nutrition, and management, the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20% over the past four decades. There is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal neuroprotection. This review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial strategy. Supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation, and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic capacity. Melatonin freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation, with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic neonates. The current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition, though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production systems. As such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Flinn
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
| | - David O Kleemann
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Alyce M Swinbourne
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kelly
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Alice C Weaver
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Simon K Walker
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karen L Kind
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - William H E J van Wettere
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Itani N, Skeffington KL, Beck C, Niu Y, Katzilieris‐Petras G, Smith N, Giussani DA. Protective effects of pravastatin on the embryonic cardiovascular system during hypoxic development. FASEB J 2020; 34:16504-16515. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001743r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Itani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Christian Beck
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Nicola Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Peine JL, Neville TL, Klinkner EE, Egeland KE, Borowicz PP, Meyer AM, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Rumen-protected arginine in ewe lambs: effects on circulating serum amino acids and carotid artery hemodynamics. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa196. [PMID: 32529254 PMCID: PMC7333212 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty nonpregnant, nulliparous Rambouillet ewes (51 ± 1.4 kg initial body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to determine 1) if rumen-protected l-Arg (RP-ARG) supplementation would increase serum concentrations of amino acids resulting from Arg supplementation and metabolism, and decrease serum concentrations of amino acids that compete with Arg for transporters, 2) if RP-ARG supplementation would alter carotid artery hemodynamics, and 3) the most effective oral dose of RP-ARG to positively increase both circulating amino acids and improve peripheral tissue blood perfusion as measured by carotid hemodynamics. Ewes were penned individually in a temperature-controlled facility. Ewes were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: a control group that received no supplemental Arg (CON; 50 g of finely ground corn, only), or Arg-supplemented groups that received 90 (90), 180 (180), or 360 (360) mg RP-ARG·kg BW-1·d-1 mixed in 50 g of finely ground corn. Supplements were administered once daily for 14 d and fully consumed before the delivery of a total pelleted diet at 0630 and 1830 hours daily. Baseline and final blood samples were collected at days 0 (before treatment initiation) and 15, respectively. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess carotid arterial hemodynamics at 0600 hours on days 0 (before treatment initiation), 5, 8, 12, and 15. After 14 d of supplementation, ewes fed 180 had greater Arg (P = 0.05) and Orn (P = 0.05) and tended (P = 0.08) to have greater Asp in serum than ewes fed 90, and for these amino acids, ewes fed 180 were similar (P ≥ 0.16) compared with ewes fed 360. All supplemented ewes (90, 180, and 360) had a negative change (P = 0.02) from baseline when normalized to CON for the pulsatility and resistance indices, which indicate greater distal tissue blood perfusion and lower vascular resistance of blood flow, respectively. Additionally, there were quadratic responses for the pulsatility and resistance indices (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively) where ewes fed 180 had the greatest change from baseline when normalized to CON. Results indicate that Arg supplementation increased serum amino acid concentrations and improved peripheral tissue blood perfusion. The 180 mg·kg BW-1·d-1 RP-ARG dose was determined to be the optimal dose for nonpregnant, nulliparous Rambouillet ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena L Peine
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Erin E Klinkner
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kelsey E Egeland
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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40
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Bagci S, Sabir H, Müller A, Reiter RJ. Effects of altered photoperiod due to COVID-19 lockdown on pregnant women and their fetuses. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:961-973. [PMID: 32519912 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal circadian rhythms provide highly important input into the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. The light-dark cycle is an important regulator of the internal biological clock. Even though pregnant women spend a greater part of the day at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, natural light exposure is crucial for the fetus. The current recommended COVID-19 lockdown might dramatically alter normal environmental lighting conditions of pregnant women, resulting in exposure to extremely low levels of natural daylight and high-intensity artificial light sources during both day and night. This article summarizes the potential effects on pregnant woman and their fetuses due to prolonged exposure to altered photoperiod and as consequence altered circadian system, known as chronodisruption, that may result from the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - R J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Mandour AS, Samir H, El-Beltagy MA, Abdel-Daim MM, Izumi W, Ma D, Matsuura K, Tanaka R, Watanabe G. Effect of supra-nutritional selenium-enriched probiotics on hematobiochemical, hormonal, and Doppler hemodynamic changes in male goats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19447-19460. [PMID: 32215792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of supra-nutritional organic selenium (Se) supplement on hematology and plasma biochemicals, including antioxidant parameters and plasma reproductive hormones, as well as blood flow characteristics in the supratesticular and common carotid arteries (STA and CCA, respectively) were investigated. For this purpose, 15 male goats were used and classified into three equal groups according to the supplementation of the basal diet (BD): negative control (NC), probiotic (Pro), and Se-probiotic (Se-Pro) groups. Blood perfusion in the STA and CCA was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography at three different time intervals: at the experimental onset (T0), 3 weeks of dietary supplement (T3), and after 6 weeks of observation (T6). Concomitantly, blood samples were withdrawn for hematobiochemical and hormonal changes. Results revealed no evidence of clinical abnormality, with some enhanced hematological parameters and antioxidant (SOD and GPX) levels in goats of the Se-Pro and Pro groups. High concentrations of FSH were found in the Se-Pro at T6 compared to its values in other groups. Similarly, testosterone levels were elevated in the Pro and Se-Pro groups at T3 compared to other time points. There were significant increases in levels of IGF-1 in the Pro and Se-Pro groups compared to the NC group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the values of the blood volume within the CCA and the STA were noted in the Se-Pro group, and the highest values were observed at T6 (CCA, 427.4 ± 33 ml/min; STA, 49.9 ± 5.0 ml/min). In conclusion, supra-nutritional organic selenium improves some hematobiochemical parameters, reproductive hormones, and the blood perfusion within the CCA and STA in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Marwa A El-Beltagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Watanabe Izumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danfu Ma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Abdelnaby EA. Higher doses of Melatonin affect ovarian and middle uterine arteries vascular blood flow and induce oestrus earlier in acyclic ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:763-769. [PMID: 32219898 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single intramuscular injection of melatonin on response of oestrus, rate of conception, ovarian and uterine blood supply during the non-breeding season. Melatonin powder was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and olive oil and injected in two dose of 25 mg (MEL-1; n = 10) and 50 mg (MEL-2; n = 10) in May. Ten ewes were served as the control (CON). Results showed that oestrous response was higher in the MEL-2 group than in other groups (p < .01). The time to onset of oestrus in both the MEL-1 and MEL-2 groups was significantly shorter, compared with the CON group (p < .01). Pregnancy rates reached 80% and 90% at 45 days of gestation. Doppler indices of the right and left ovarian artery were lower in the melatonin groups than in normal groups (p < .01). Both Doppler indices in uterine arteries were not different among two treatment groups (p > .05), but there was a significant difference when compared with the CON group (p < .01), no difference found between two treatment group in the Doppler velocities of middle uterine arteries (p > .05). In conclusion, the definite changes in the studied parameters showed two novel findings; (a) the increase in melatonin dose results in increasing the blood flow expressed by increased Doppler velocities in fatty tailed ewes, (b) as well as, melatonin can initiate the breeding season regardless of the season earlier by 1-2 months in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lemley C, Bowers K, Yankey K, Tu M, Hart C, Steadman C, McCarty K, Owen M. Investigating ovine placentome blood perfusion using power flow Doppler ultrasonography. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bunma T, Vonnahme KA, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Swanson KC, Dorsam ST, Ward AK, Navanukrav C, Grazul-Bilska AT. Nuclear and membrane progesterone receptors expression in placenta from early to late pregnancy in sheep: Effects of restricted nutrition and realimentation. Theriogenology 2020; 148:95-102. [PMID: 32169627 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient restriction and/or realimentation may affect several placental functions, such as expression of selected regulatory factors, blood flow and other processes in sheep and other species. To determine the effects of the plane of nutrition, nulliparous white face ewes (6-8 months) carrying singletons on day 50 of gestation were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments receiving 100% of National Research Council recommendations (control; C) or 60% of C (restricted; R). Two groups remained on C or R diets from day 50 until day 130. From day 90-130 another group of C fed ewes was switched to the R diet, and another group of R fed ewes was switched to the C diet. This resulted in 7 groups (n = 5-6 ewes/group): C (day 50, 90 and 130), R (day 90 and 130), CR (day 130) and RC (day 130). At these time points, placental tissues were collected for the evaluation of progesterone receptor (PGR) protein expression (whole tissue), and mRNA expression in maternal (caruncular, CAR) and fetal (cotyledon, COT) (separated tissues). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (SAS 9.4). Protein for PGRAB and PGRB isoforms was detected using immunohistochemistry in all placental tissues, but the pattern of expression differed depending on pregnancy stage and placental compartment (e.g., CAR vs COT). PGRAB protein expression, quantified using image analysis, was greater (P < 0.04) on day 50 than 90 or 130, and was not affected by plane of nutrition. In CAR and COT, PGRAB mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.05) on day 50 than 90 or 130. PGRB mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.03) in CAR on day 50 than 90 and 130, and was greatest (P < 0.02) in COT on day 50, less on day 130, and least on day 90. For the membrane progesterone receptors, PAQR7 (membrane PGR alpha) mRNA expression was greater (P < 0.05) on days 50 and 90 than 130 in CAR, and greater (P < 0.01) on days 50 than 90 and 130 in COT; PAQR8 (membrane PGR beta) was similar throughout pregnancy in CAR and COT, and PAQR5 (membrane PGR gamma) was greatest (P < 0.0001) on day 130 in COT, but similar throughout pregnancy in CAR. Plane of nutrition affected (P < 0.05) mRNA expression for all genes in CAR and COT throughout pregnancy. These data indicate that expression of PGR in ovine placenta is dependent on stage of pregnancy and plane of nutrition in sheep. The mechanisms of how diet and stage of pregnancy influences placental PGR expression and function remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanya Bunma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center for Sustainable Economy (ANRCE), Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kimberly A Vonnahme
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | | | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Chainarong Navanukrav
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center for Sustainable Economy (ANRCE), Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Samir H, Nyametease P, Elbadawy M, Nagaoka K, Sasaki K, Watanabe G. Administration of melatonin improves testicular blood flow, circulating hormones, and semen quality in Shiba goats. Theriogenology 2020; 146:111-119. [PMID: 32078960 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the role of melatonin in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and seasonal-reproduction, the present study investigated, for the first time, the potential role of melatonin on testicular blood flow (TBF) in goats. Twelve sexually mature male Shiba goats were exposed to a single s.c. injection of either melatonin suspended in one ml of corn oil (melatonin group; 36 mg/goat; n = 5) or one ml of corn oil (control group; n = 7). Monitoring the changes in TBF was done one week before (W-1), at the time of injection (W0), and once a week for 8 weeks after injection using color-pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Concentrations of FSH, LH, inhibin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. Melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Moreover, semen collection and evaluation of some sperm parameters were performed once a week. Results revealed decreases (P < 0.05) in the Doppler indices (resistive index, pulsatility index) of the testicular arteries from W2 till W6 in the melatonin group. FSH, LH, and inhibin concentrations did not change between the two groups, while T, E2, IGF-1, NO, and melatonin concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in the melatonin group compared to the control. Estradiol and NO concentrations increased (P < 0.05), coinciding with decreases in the values of Doppler indices. Notable (P < 0.05) improvements in most parameters of semen quality were seen in the melatonin group. In conclusion, melatonin induced a stimulatory effect on TBF in Shiba goats and possibly, it could be a potential to improve male goats fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Paul Nyametease
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Animal Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Trotta RJ, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Vonnahme KA, Swanson KC. Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities in Sheep. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skz393. [PMID: 31879771 PMCID: PMC6986434 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of nutrient restriction during midgestation to late gestation on maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities, 41 singleton ewes (48.3 ± 0.6 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50 until day 90 (midgestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were euthanized. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained on a control diet from day 90 until day 130 (late gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were euthanized on day 130. The fetal and maternal pancreas and small intestines were weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. One unit (U) of enzyme activity is equal to 1 µmol of product produced per minute for amylase, glucoamylase, lactase, and trypsin and 0.5 µmol of product produced per minute for maltase and isomaltase. Nutrient restriction during midgestation and late gestation decreased (P < 0.05) maternal pancreatic and small intestinal mass but did not affect fetal pancreatic or small intestinal mass. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P = 0.03) fetal pancreatic trypsin content (U/pancreas) and tended to decrease (P < 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin concentration (U/g), specific activity (U/g protein), and content relative to BW (U/kg of BW). Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased the total content of α-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on day 90. Nutrient restriction during midgestation on day 90 and during late gestation on day 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal pancreatic α-amylase-specific activity. Sucrase activity was undetected in the fetal and maternal small intestine. Nutrient restriction during late gestation increased (P = 0.01) maternal small intestinal maltase and lactase concentration and tended to increase (P = 0.06) isomaltase concentration. Realimentation during late gestation after nutrient restriction during midgestation increased lactase concentration (P = 0.04) and specific activity (P = 0.05) in the fetal small intestine. Fetal small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase did not respond to maternal nutrient restriction. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities may change in response to maternal nutrient restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | | | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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47
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Lee JY, Li S, Shin NE, Na Q, Dong J, Jia B, Jones-Beatty K, McLane MW, Ozen M, Lei J, Burd I. Melatonin for prevention of placental malperfusion and fetal compromise associated with intrauterine inflammation-induced oxidative stress in a mouse model. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12591. [PMID: 31231832 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and mitigate hypercoagulability. We hypothesized that maternally administered melatonin may reduce placental oxidative stress and hypercoagulability associated with exposure to intrauterine inflammation (IUI) and consequently improve fetoplacental blood flow and fetal sequelae. Mice were randomized to the following groups: control (C), melatonin (M), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a model of IUI) (L), and LPS with melatonin (ML). The expression of antioxidant mediators in the placenta was significantly decreased, while that of pro-inflammatory mediators was significantly increased in L compared to C and ML. The systolic/diastolic ratio, resistance index, and pulsatility index in uterine artery (UtA) and umbilical artery (UA) were significantly increased in L compared with other groups when analyzed by Doppler ultrasonography. The expression of antioxidant mediators in the placenta was significantly decreased, while that of pro-inflammatory mediators was significantly increased in L compared to C and ML. Vascular endothelial damage and thrombi formation, as evidenced by fibrin deposits, were similarly increased in L compared to other groups. Maternal pretreatment with melatonin appears to modulate maternal placental malperfusion, fetal cardiovascular compromise, and fetal neuroinflammation induced by IUI through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su Li
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Na E Shin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Quan Na
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Dong
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bei Jia
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Jones-Beatty
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W McLane
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maide Ozen
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Caton JS, Crouse MS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK. Developmental Programming of Fetal Growth and Development. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:229-247. [PMID: 31103178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal stressors that affect fetal development result in "developmental programming," which is associated with increased risk of various chronic pathologic conditions in the offspring, including metabolic syndrome; growth abnormalities; and reproductive, immune, behavioral, or cognitive dysfunction that can persist throughout their lifetime and even across subsequent generations. Developmental programming thus can lead to poor health, reduced longevity, and reduced productivity. Current research aims to develop management and therapeutic strategies to optimize fetal growth and development and thereby overcome the negative consequences of developmental programming, leading to improved health, longevity, and productivity of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core Lab, Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Beede KA, Limesand SW, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Real supermodels wear wool: summarizing the impact of the pregnant sheep as an animal model for adaptive fetal programming. Anim Front 2019; 9:34-43. [PMID: 31608163 PMCID: PMC6777506 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Beede
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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50
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Lee JY, Song H, Dash O, Park M, Shin NE, McLane MW, Lei J, Hwang JY, Burd I. Administration of melatonin for prevention of preterm birth and fetal brain injury associated with premature birth in a mouse model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13151. [PMID: 31131935 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal inflammation leads to preterm birth and perinatal brain injury. Melatonin, through its anti-inflammatory effects, has been shown to be protective against inflammation-induced perinatal adverse effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of melatonin on preterm birth and prematurity-related morbidity remain unknown. We wanted to investigate the effects of maternally administered melatonin on preterm birth and perinatal brain injury in a mouse model of maternal inflammation. METHOD OF STUDY A model of maternal inflammation employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to mimic the most common clinical scenario of preterm birth, that of maternal inflammation. Mice were randomly divided into the following groups: control, LPS, and LPS with melatonin pre-treatment. Doppler ultrasonography was used to obtain fetal and maternal hemodynamic measurements in utero. Placenta and fetal brains were harvested and analyzed for proinflammatory markers and signs of perinatal brain injury, respectively. Surviving offspring were assessed for neuromotor outcomes. RESULTS Melatonin pre-treatment lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokines in the uterus and the placenta, significantly improved LPS-induced acute fetal neuroinflammation and perinatal brain injury, as well as significantly upregulated the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce LPS-induced inflammation. Melatonin also prevented adverse neuromotor outcomes in offspring exposed to maternal inflammation. CONCLUSION Maternally administered melatonin modulated immune responses to maternal inflammation and decreased preterm birth and perinatal brain injury. These results suggest that melatonin, a safe treatment during pregnancy, may be used as an experimental therapeutic in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Oyunbileg Dash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Na E Shin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael W McLane
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jong Yun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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