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Li H, Dong A, Li N, Ma Y, Zhang S, Deng Y, Chen S, Zhang M. Mechanistic Study of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Mixture Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation to Improve the Inflammatory Response of DKD Through AGEs/RAGE Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:613-632. [PMID: 36875720 PMCID: PMC9983444 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s395512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and inflammation is the main causative mechanism. Schisandra chinensis fruit Mixture (SM) is an herbal formulation that has been used for a long time to treat DKD. However, its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of SM for the treatment of DKD through network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. Methods The chemical components in SM were comprehensively identified and collected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and database mining. The mechanisms were investigated using a network pharmacology, including obtaining SM-DKD intersection targets, completing protein-protein interactions (PPI) by Cytoscape to obtain key potential targets, and then revealing potential mechanisms of SM for DKD by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The important pathways and phenotypes screened by the network analysis were validated experimentally in vivo. Finally, the core active ingredients were screened by molecular docking. Results A total of 53 active ingredients of SM were retrieved by database and LC-MS, and 143 common targets of DKD and SM were identified; KEGG and PPI showed that SM most likely exerted anti-DKD effects by regulating the expression of AGEs/RAGE signaling pathway-related inflammatory factors. In addition, our experimental validation results showed that SM improved renal function and pathological changes in DKD rats, down-regulated AGEs/RAGE signaling pathway, and further down-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and up-regulated IL-10. Molecular docking confirmed the tight binding properties between (+)-aristolone, a core component of SM, and key targets. Conclusion This study reveals that SM improves the inflammatory response of DKD through AGEs/RAGE signaling pathway, thus providing a novel idea for the clinical treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Adebayo OC, Nkoy AB, van den Heuvel LP, Labarque V, Levtchenko E, Delanaye P, Pottel H. Glomerular hyperfiltration: part 2-clinical significance in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2022:10.1007/s00467-022-05826-5. [PMID: 36472656 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) is a phenomenon that can occur in various clinical conditions affecting the kidneys such as sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and solitary functioning kidney. Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms vary from one disease to another and are not well understood. More so, it has been demonstrated that GHF may occur at the single-nephron in some clinical conditions while in others at the whole-kidney level. In this review, we explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of GHF in relation to various clinical conditions in the pediatric population. In addition, we discuss the role and mechanism of action of important factors such as gender, low birth weight, and race in the pathogenesis of GHF. Finally, in this current review, we further highlight the consequences of GHF in the progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyindamola C Adebayo
- Center of Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agathe B Nkoy
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Labarque
- Center of Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delanaye
- Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Apheresis, Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Kulak, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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3
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Nishad R, Mukhi D, Kethavath S, Raviraj S, Paturi ASV, Motrapu M, Kurukuti S, Pasupulati AK. Podocyte derived TNF-α mediates monocyte differentiation and contributes to glomerular injury. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22622. [PMID: 36421039 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200923r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes shortens the life expectancy by more than a decade, and the excess mortality in diabetes is correlated with the incidence of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Macrophage accumulation predicts the severity of kidney injury in human biopsies and experimental models of DKD. However, the mechanism underlying macrophage recruitment in diabetes glomeruli is unclear. Elevated plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in type I diabetes and acromegalic individuals impaired glomerular biology. In this study, we examined whether GH-stimulated podocytes contribute to macrophage accumulation. RNA-seq analysis revealed elevated TNF-α signaling in GH-treated human podocytes. Conditioned media from GH-treated podocytes (GH-CM) induced differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. On the other hand, neutralization of GH-CM with the TNF-α antibody diminished GH-CM's action on monocytes. The treatment of mice with GH resulted in increased macrophage recruitment, podocyte injury, and proteinuria. Furthermore, we noticed the activation of TNF-α signaling, macrophage accumulation, and fibrosis in DKD patients' kidney biopsies. Our findings suggest that podocytes could secrete TNF-α and contribute to macrophage migration, resulting in DKD-related renal inflammation. Inhibition of either GH action or TNF-α expression in podocytes could be a novel therapeutic approach for DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkishor Nishad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Kethavath
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumathi Raviraj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Atreya S V Paturi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Kurukuti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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4
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Kushwaha K, Kabra U, Dubey R, Gupta J. Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis to Cure. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1418-1429. [PMID: 35993461 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220820110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disorder (ESRD). It is defined as the increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) when no other renal disease is present. DN is categorized into microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Factors like high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, genetics, oxidative stress, hemodynamic and metabolic changes affect DN. Hyperglycemia causes renal damage through activating protein kinase C (PKC), producing advanced end glycation products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Growth factors, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines are found to be elevated in the renal tissues of the diabetic patient. Many different and new diagnostic methods and treatment options are available due to the increase in research efforts and progression in medical science. However, until now, no permanent cure is available. This article aims to explore the mechanism, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies in current use for increasing the understanding of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Uma Kabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Rupal Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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5
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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6
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Unravelling the Inflammatory Processes in the Early Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy and the Potential Effect of (Ss)-DS-ONJ. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158450. [PMID: 35955585 PMCID: PMC9368839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the early stages of the disease. The authors demonstrate that the glycolipid mimetic (Ss)-DS-ONJ is able to abolish inflammation via the induction of autophagy flux and provokes the inhibition of inflammasome complex in ex vivo and in vitro models, using adult kidney explants from BB rats. The contribution of (Ss)-DS-ONJ to reducing inflammatory events is mediated by the inhibition of classical stress kinase pathways and the blocking of inflammasome complex activation. The (Ss)-DS-ONJ treatment is able to inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, but only when the IL18 levels are reduced by the treatment. These findings suggest that (Ss)-DS-ONJ could be a novel, and multifactorial treatment for DN.
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7
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Mechanism of Cornus Officinalis in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1799106. [PMID: 35855831 PMCID: PMC9288281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1799106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most important diabetic complications, is a great clinical challenge. It still lacks proper therapeutic strategies without side effects due to the complex pathological mechanisms. Cornus officinalis (CO) is a common traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used in the treatment of DKD and takes beneficial effects in therapy. However, the mechanism of CO in treating DKD is not clear yet. In this study, network pharmacology was applied to illustrate the potential mechanism of CO and the interaction between targets of CO and targets of disease. First, the active ingredients of CO and related targets were screened from the online database. Second, the intersection network between CO and disease was constructed, and protein–protein interaction analysis was done. Third, GO and KEGG analysis were employed to figure out the key targets of CO. Finally, molecular docking was carried out in the software SYBYL to verify the effectiveness of the ingredients and targets selected. According to GO and KEGG analysis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, sphingolipid signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway were most closely related to the pathogenesis of DKD. Moreover, NOS3, TNF, ROCK1, PPARG, KDR, and HIF1A were identified as key targets in regulating the occurrence and development of the disease. This study provides evidence to elucidate the mechanism of CO comprehensively and systematically and lays the foundation for further research on CO.
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8
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Lin JR, Wang ZT, Sun JJ, Yang YY, Li XX, Wang XR, Shi Y, Zhu YY, Wang RT, Wang MN, Xie FY, Wei P, Liao ZH. Gut microbiota and diabetic kidney diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:308-318. [PMID: 35582668 PMCID: PMC9052008 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as a main cause of end-stage renal disease. Over the last few years, substantial research studies have revealed a contributory role of gut microbiota in the process of DM and DKD. Metabolites of gut microbiota like lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N-oxide are key mediators of microbial–host crosstalk. However, the underlying mechanisms of how gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of DKD are relatively unknown. Besides, strategies to remodel the composition of gut microbiota or to reduce the metabolites of microbiota have been found recently, representing a new potential remedial target for DKD. In this mini-review, we will address the possible contribution of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DKD and its role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ran Lin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi-Ting Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Jiao-Jiao Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Sweden
| | - Xue-Xin Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Ting Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi-Na Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Fei-Yu Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Huan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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9
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Garavelli S, Prattichizzo F, Ceriello A, Galgani M, de Candia P. Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Damage: Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:631-651. [PMID: 34407376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting β-cells, with consequent aberrant blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is the common denominator for most of the chronic diabetic vascular complications, which represent the main cause of life reduction in T1D patients. For this disease, three interlaced medical needs remain: understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in pancreatic β-cell loss; identifying biomarkers able to predict T1D progression and its related complications; recognizing novel therapeutic targets. Recent Advances: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by most cell types, were discovered to contain a plethora of different molecules (including microRNAs) with regulatory properties, which are emerging as mediators of cell-to-cell communication at the paracrine and endocrine level. Recent knowledge suggests that EVs may act as pathogenic factors, and be developed into disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of several human diseases. Critical Issues: EVs have been recently shown to sustain a dysregulated cellular crosstalk able to exacerbate the autoimmune response in the pancreatic islets of T1D; moreover, EVs were shown to be able to monitor and/or predict the progression of T1D and the insurgence of vasculopathies. Future Directions: More mechanistic studies are needed to investigate whether the dysregulation of EVs in T1D patients is solely reflecting the progression of diabetes and related complications, or EVs also directly participate in the disease process, thus pointing to a potential use of EVs as therapeutic targets/tools in T1D. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 631-651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garavelli
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Galgani
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Italy
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10
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Capolongo G, Capasso G, Viggiano D. A Shared Nephroprotective Mechanism for Renin-Angiotensin-System Inhibitors, Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors, and Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists: Immunology Meets Hemodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3915. [PMID: 35409276 PMCID: PMC8999762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major paradigm in nephrology states that the loss of filtration function over a long time is driven by a persistent hyperfiltration state of surviving nephrons. This hyperfiltration may derive from circulating immunological factors. However, some clue about the hemodynamic effects of these factors derives from the effects of so-called nephroprotective drugs. Thirty years after the introduction of Renin-Angiotensin-system inhibitors (RASi) into clinical practice, two new families of nephroprotective drugs have been identified: the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and the vasopressin receptor antagonists (VRA). Even though the molecular targets of the three-drug classes are very different, they share the reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the beginning of the therapy, which is usually considered an adverse effect. Therefore, we hypothesize that acute GFR decline is a prerequisite to obtaining nephroprotection with all these drugs. In this study, we reanalyze evidence that RASi, SGLT2i, and VRA reduce the eGFR at the onset of therapy. Afterward, we evaluate whether the extent of eGFR reduction correlates with their long-term efficacy. The results suggest that the extent of initial eGFR decline predicts the nephroprotective efficacy in the long run. Therefore, we propose that RASi, SGLT2i, and VRA delay kidney disease progression by controlling maladaptive glomerular hyperfiltration resulting from circulating immunological factors. Further studies are needed to verify their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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11
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Lousa I, Reis F, Santos-Silva A, Belo L. The Signaling Pathway of TNF Receptors: Linking Animal Models of Renal Disease to Human CKD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063284. [PMID: 35328704 PMCID: PMC8950598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a global public health problem. Despite the current advances in medicine, CKD-associated morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high. Several studies have highlighted the contribution of inflammation and inflammatory mediators to the development and/or progression of CKD, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related biomarkers. The inflammation pathway driven by TNF-α, through TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), involves important mediators in the pathogenesis of CKD. Circulating levels of TNFRs were associated with changes in other biomarkers of kidney function and injury, and were described as predictors of disease progression, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality in several cohorts of patients. Experimental studies describe the possible downstream signaling pathways induced upon TNFR activation and the resulting biological responses. This review will focus on the available data on TNFR1 and TNFR2, and illustrates their contributions to the pathophysiology of kidney diseases, their cellular and molecular roles, as well as their potential as CKD biomarkers. The emerging evidence shows that TNF receptors could act as biomarkers of renal damage and as mediators of the disease. Furthermore, it has been suggested that these biomarkers could significantly improve the discrimination of clinical CKD prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.); (A.S.-S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.); (A.S.-S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.L.); (A.S.-S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kong L, Andrikopoulos S, MacIsaac RJ, Mackay LK, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Torkamani N, Zafari N, Marin ECS, Ekinci EI. Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:213-226. [PMID: 34845863 PMCID: PMC8847140 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response promotes a pro-inflammatory milieu and subsequently renal fibrosis, and a progressive loss of renal function. Although the role of the innate immune system in diabetic renal disease has been well characterized, the potential contribution of the adaptive immune system remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence in experimental models of DKD indicates an increase in the number of T cells in the circulation and in the kidney cortex, that in turn triggers secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and activation of cells in innate immune response. In human studies, the number of T cells residing in the interstitial region of the kidney correlates with the degree of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the role of the adaptive immune system, and associated cytokines, in the development of DKD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the adaptive immune system as a means of preventing the progression of DKD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Kong
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Center and Monash University Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niloufar Torkamani
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn C S Marin
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Yang Y, Shi K, Patel DM, Liu F, Wu T, Chai Z. How to inhibit transforming growth factor beta safely in diabetic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 30:115-122. [PMID: 33229911 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes. This review aims to discuss the major features of DKD, to identify the difficult barrier encountered in developing a therapeutic strategy and to provide a potentially superior novel approach to retard DKD. RECENT FINDINGS Renal inflammation and fibrosis are prominent features of DKD. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) with its activity enhanced in DKD plays a key pathological profibrotic role in promoting renal fibrosis. However, TGFβ is a difficult drug target because it has multiple important physiological functions, such as immunomodulation. These physiological functions of TGFβ can be interrupted as a result of complete blockade of the TGFβ pathway if TGFβ is directly targeted, leading to catastrophic side-effects, such as fulminant inflammation. Cell division autoantigen 1 (CDA1) is recently identified as an enhancer of profibrotic TGFβ signaling and inhibitor of anti-inflammatory SIRT1. Renal CDA1 expression is elevated in human DKD as well as in rodent models of DKD. Targeting CDA1, by either genetic approach or pharmacological approach in mice, leads to concurrent attenuation of renal fibrosis and inflammation without any deleterious effects observed. SUMMARY Targeting CDA1, instead of directly targeting TGFβ, represents a superior approach to retard DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Zunyi maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Zunyi
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tieqiao Wu
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Yang L, Liao M. Influence of myrcene on inflammation, matrix accumulation in the kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5555-5560. [PMID: 34588865 PMCID: PMC8459075 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is only limited literature studies on the activities of inflammation and matrix accumulation in the renal tissues of rats induced with diabetes through Streptozotocin. The present the investigation involves the examination of the protective actions of Myrcene (MYN), a monoterpene on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and matrix accumulation. For this purpose an experimental setup was created which involves injecting MYN 50 mg/kg for about 45 days in the STZ diabetic rats. Modifications in the enzymes, collagens, growth factor B1 and Kappa factor P65 were identified and tracked. The levels of the inflammatory markers like TF-α1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 were tracked and noted. The current experimental results showed an alteration in the glucose metabolism and enhanced condition. Also an increased level of TGF-β-1 and Nuclear factor-kB expression was seen in the renal tissues. MYN was found to reduce glucose oxidative stress and exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting NF-kB signalling. The conclusion of the current study reveals that MYN regulates the inflammatory activities and matrix accumulation by inhibiting the activities of inflammatory cytokine, pro-inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yang
- School of nursing, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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15
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Zhang G, Lv Z, Zhao Y, Chen R, Zhan X, Wang W, Sui H. Inhibitory effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels in the thick ascending limb during diabetes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1242. [PMID: 34539838 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. TNF-α expression is elevated during diabetes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of TNF-α on the basolateral inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir)4.1/Kir5.1 channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of rat kidneys using western blotting and the patch clamp technique to provide a theoretical basis for the cause of the decrease in kidney concentrating capacity during diabetes. The results demonstrated that urinary TNF-α excretion and protein TNF-α expression in the TAL increased and basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channel activity decreased during diabetes; however, diabetic rats exhibited amelioration of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity with a soluble TNF-α antagonist, TNF receptor fusion protein (TNFR:Fc). These results suggested that TNF-α inhibited the activity of the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channel in the TAL of rat kidneys during diabetes. In addition, the protein expression levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) increased in diabetic rats, the effects of which deceased following treatment with TNFR:Fc compared with the diabetic group. Furthermore, an agonist of PLA2 (melittin) and COX2 production [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] inhibited the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels in the TAL during diabetes is mediated by the PLA2/COX2/PGE2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Zhang
- Department of Urology and Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Lv
- Department of Urology and Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Sui
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang Q, Yang M, Xiao Y, Han Y, Yang S, Sun L. Towards Better Drug Repositioning: Targeted Immunoinflammatory Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1003-1024. [PMID: 31701843 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191108160643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main clinical features of DN are proteinuria and a progressive decline in renal function, which are associated with structural and functional changes in the kidney. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, including genetic, metabolic, and haemodynamic factors, which can trigger a sequence of events. Controlling metabolic risks such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia is not enough to slow the progression of DN. Recent studies emphasized immunoinflammation as a critical pathogenic factor in the progression of DN. Therefore, targeting inflammation is considered a potential and novel treatment strategy for DN. In this review, we will briefly introduce the inflammatory process of DN and discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of antidiabetic drugs when treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Kepchia D, Currais A, Dargusch R, Finley K, Schubert D, Maher P. Geroprotective effects of Alzheimer's disease drug candidates. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3269-3289. [PMID: 33550278 PMCID: PMC7906177 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Geroprotectors are compounds that slow the biological aging process in model organisms and may therefore extend healthy lifespan in humans. It is hypothesized that they do so by preserving the more youthful function of multiple organ systems. However, this hypothesis has rarely been tested in any organisms besides C. elegans and D. melanogaster. To determine if two life-extending compounds for Drosophila maintain a more youthful phenotype in old mice, we asked if they had anti-aging effects in both the brain and kidney. We utilized rapidly aging senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice to investigate age-associated protein level alterations in these organs. The test compounds were two cognition-enhancing Alzheimer's disease drug candidates, J147 and CMS121. Mice were fed the compounds in the last quadrant of their lifespan, when they have cognitive deficits and are beginning to develop CKD. Both compounds improved physiological markers for brain and kidney function. However, these two organs had distinct, tissue-specific protein level alterations that occurred with age, but in both cases, drug treatments restored a more youthful level. These data show that geroprotective AD drug candidates J147 and CMS121 prevent age-associated disease in both brain and kidney, and that their apparent mode of action in each tissue is distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Kepchia
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard Dargusch
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kim Finley
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92115, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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18
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Elkazzaz SK, Khodeer DM, El Fayoumi HM, Moustafa YM. Role of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors dapagliflozin on diabetic nephropathy in rats; Inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Life Sci 2021; 280:119018. [PMID: 33549594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Dapagliflozin Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a new class of diabetic medications prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The current study investigates the possible impact of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on inflammations, apoptosis, angiogenesis and fibrosis in early-stage diabetic nephropathy using a rat model of type 2 diabetes. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into five groups, group1: normal vehicle group, group 2: diabetic group, group 3: diabetic+ DAPA (0.75 mg/kg), group 4: diabetic+DAPA (1.5 mg/kg), group 5: diabetic+DAPA (3 mg/kg). At the end of the study, Blood glucose level was measured. Serum insulin, BUN, and SCr were measured. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Renal tissue homogenization was done for assessment of inflammatory markers TNF-α, PEDF, and PTX-3, In addition to apoptosis markers BCL-2 and BAX. Histopathological examinations were done for tubular renal cells and immunohistochemical examination for fibrosis marker α-SMA and angiogenic factor VEGF. KEY FINDINGS Treatments with dapagliflozin showed improvements in histopathological examinations, inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to diabetic vehicles in a dose-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, dapagliflozin may have renoprotective effects, which be promising in diabetic patients suffered from nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa K Elkazzaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M El Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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19
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Donate-Correa J, Ferri CM, Sánchez-Quintana F, Pérez-Castro A, González-Luis A, Martín-Núñez E, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:628289. [PMID: 33553221 PMCID: PMC7862763 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.628289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and a main contributing factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Strategies employed to delay the progression of this pathology focus on the control of traditional risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, and elevated blood pressure. Although the intimate mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of DKD remain incompletely understood, inflammation is currently recognized as one of the main underlying processes. Untangling the mechanisms involved in the appearing of a harmful inflammatory response in the diabetic patient is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the inflammation-related pathogenic mechanisms involved in DKD and in the therapeutic utility of new anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain
| | - Carla M Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Quintana
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Atteneri Pérez-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ainhoa González-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain.,REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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20
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Tiongco RE, Aguas IS, Cabrera FJ, Catacata M, Flake CC, Manao MA, Policarpio A. The role of the TNF-α gene -308 G/A polymorphism in the development of diabetic nephropathy: An updated meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2123-2129. [PMID: 33395772 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have tried to link the relationship of tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G/A polymorphism with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, these studies failed to reach a consensus due to conflicting results. This meta-analysis was done to thoroughly investigate the correlation between the polymorphism and DN development. METHODS To carry out the objective, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were used as controls, while patients who developed DN were utilized as cases. Eight studies (i.e., published between 2007 and 2018) were included in the present meta-analysis. Review Manager 5.3 was used to compute for the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the overall and post-outlier outcomes. RESULTS Overall, an association between DN development and the -308 G/A polymorphism was observed. However, Galbraith's plot analysis (as analyzed using Meta-Essentials) led to the removal of two studies, which significantly reduced heterogeneity. Post-outlier outcomes show significant results in the allelic (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.50; p = 0.04) and co-dominant (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02-2.51; p = 0.04) models. CONCLUSION T2DM individuals with the -308 G/A polymorphism in the TNF-α gene are more likely to develop DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Enrique Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines.
| | - Imoan Shallom Aguas
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Franzielle Jowe Cabrera
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Miljun Catacata
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Chastene Christopher Flake
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Maria Angelica Manao
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Archie Policarpio
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
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21
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Pazos F. Range of adiposity and cardiorenal syndrome. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:322-350. [PMID: 32864046 PMCID: PMC7438185 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i8.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are among the fastest-growing risk factors of heart failure and kidney disease worldwide. Obesity, which is not a unitary concept, or a static process, ranges from alterations in distribution to the amount of adiposity. Visceral adiposity, which includes intraabdominal visceral fat mass and ectopic fat deposition such as hepatic, cardiac, or renal, was robustly associated with a greater risk for cardiorenal morbidity than subcutaneous adiposity. In addition, morbid obesity has also demonstrated a negative effect on cardiac and renal functioning. The mechanisms by which adipose tissue is linked with the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) are hemodynamic and mechanical changes, as well neurohumoral pathways such as insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide bioavailability, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, oxidative stress, sympathetic nervous systems, natriuretic peptides, adipokines and inflammation. Adiposity and other associated co-morbidities induce adverse cardiac remodeling and interstitial fibrosis. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has been associated with obesity-related functional and structural abnormalities. Obesity might also impair kidney function through hyperfiltration, increased glomerular capillary wall tension, and podocyte dysfunction, which leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of nephrons and, finally, chronic kidney disease. The development of new treatments with renal and cardiac effects in the context of type 2 diabetes, which improves mortality outcome, has highlighted the importance of CRS and its prevalence. Increased body fat triggers cellular, neuro-humoral and metabolic pathways, which create a phenotype of the CRS with specific cellular and biochemical biomarkers. Obesity has become a single cardiorenal umbrella or type of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. This review article provides a clinical overview of the available data on the relationship between a range of adiposity and CRS, the support for obesity as a single cardiorenal umbrella, and the most relevant studies on the recent therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pazos
- Department of Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Cantabria University, Valdecilla Hospital, Santander 39080, Cantabria, Spain
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22
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Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:403-417. [PMID: 32095833 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the underlying mechanisms of adipose inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and critically describes their role in diabetic kidney disease. This in-depth understanding of adipose inflammation and its impact on diabetic kidney disease highlights the need for novel interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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23
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Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113798. [PMID: 32471207 PMCID: PMC7312633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its incidence increases the number of patients that develop the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are growing epidemiological and preclinical evidence about the close relationship between inflammatory response and the occurrence and progression of DN. Several anti-inflammatory strategies targeting specific inflammatory mediators (cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines) and intracellular signaling pathways have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of DN, decreasing proteinuria and renal lesions. A number of inflammatory molecules have been shown useful to identify diabetic patients at high risk of developing renal complications. In this review, we focus on the key role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of DN, with a special interest in effector molecules and activated intracellular pathways leading to renal damage, as well as a comprehensive update of new therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation to prevent and/or retard renal injury.
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24
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Murakoshi M, Gohda T, Suzuki Y. Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors: A Potential Biomarker for the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061957. [PMID: 32183005 PMCID: PMC7139523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advancements in medicine, the optimal treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially diabetic kidney disease (DKD), remains a major challenge. More patients with DKD succumb to death due to cardiovascular events than due to progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Moreover, patients with DKD and ESRD have remarkably poor prognosis. Current studies have appreciated the contribution of inflammation and inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related biomarkers, on the development/progression of DKD. The present review focuses on molecular roles, serum concentrations of TNF receptors (TNFRs), and their association with increased albuminuria, eGFR decline, and all-cause mortality in diabetes. Experimental studies have suggested that DKD progression occurs through the TNFα–TNFR2 inflammatory pathway. Moreover, serum TNFR levels were positively associated with albuminuria and negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while circulating levels of TNFRs exhibited an independent effect on all-cause mortality and eGFR decline, including ESRD, even after adjusting for existing risk factors. However, their precise function has yet to be elucidated and requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1065 (T.G. & Y.S.)
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1065 (T.G. & Y.S.)
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Leehey DJ. Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Is There a Role for Pentoxifylline? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:292-299. [DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001252019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of ESKD in the United States and worldwide. Current treatment for DKD includes strict glycemic control and normalization of BP with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade. Although RAAS blockers slow progression of disease, they do not generally prevent ESKD and none of the studies with these agents in DKD included patients who were nonproteinuric, which make up an increasingly large percentage of patients with diabetes now seen in clinical practice. Recent studies with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown beneficial renal effects, and the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors likely extend to patients who are nonproteinuric. However, there remains a need to develop new therapies for DKD, particularly in those patients with advanced disease. A role of chronic low-grade inflammation in microvascular complications in patients with diabetes has now been widely accepted. Large clinical trials are being carried out with experimental agents such as bardoxolone and selonsertib that target inflammation and oxidative stress. The Food and Drug Administration–approved, nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in both animal and human studies by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Small randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate that PTX may have therapeutic benefits in DKD, raising the possibility that a clinically available drug may be able to be repurposed to treat this disease. A large, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to determine whether this agent can decrease time to ESKD or death is currently being conducted, but results will not be available for several years. At this time, the combination of RAAS blockade plus SGLT2 inhibition is considered standard of care for DKD, but it may be reasonable for clinicians to consider addition of PTX in patients whose disease continues to progress despite optimization of current standard-of-care therapies.
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Furusho T, Sohara E, Mandai S, Kikuchi H, Takahashi N, Fujimaru T, Hashimoto H, Arai Y, Ando F, Zeniya M, Mori T, Susa K, Isobe K, Nomura N, Yamamoto K, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S. Renal TNFα activates the WNK phosphorylation cascade and contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97:713-727. [PMID: 32059997 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inappropriate over-activation of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)-STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)-sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) phosphorylation cascade increases sodium reabsorption in distal kidney nephrons, resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension. Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of salt-sensitive hypertension, the involvement of the WNK phosphorylation cascade is unknown. Moreover, the effect of immune systems on WNK kinases has not been investigated despite the fact that immune systems are important for salt sensitivity. Here we demonstrate that the protein abundance of WNK1, but not of WNK4, was increased at the distal convoluted tubules in the aristolochic acid nephropathy mouse model of CKD. Accordingly, the phosphorylation of both SPAK and NCC was also increased. Moreover, a high-salt diet did not adequately suppress activation of the WNK1-SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade in this model, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. WNK1 also was increased in adenine nephropathy, but not in subtotal nephrectomy, models of CKD. By comparing the transcripts of these three models focusing on immune systems, we hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α regulates WNK1 protein expression. In fact, TNF-α increased WNK1 protein expression in cultured renal tubular cells by reducing the transcription and protein levels of NEDD4-2 E3-ligase, which degrades WNK1 protein. Furthermore, the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept reversed the reduction of NEDD4-2 expression and upregulation of the WNK1-SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade in distal convoluted tubules in vivo in the aristolochic acid nephropathy model. Thus, salt-sensitive hypertension is induced in CKD via activation of the renal WNK1- SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade by TNF-α, reflecting a link with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Furusho
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimaru
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moko Zeniya
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Susa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Isobe
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Okado
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Donate-Correa J, Luis-Rodríguez D, Martín-Núñez E, Tagua VG, Hernández-Carballo C, Ferri C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez AE, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Inflammatory Targets in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020458. [PMID: 32046074 PMCID: PMC7074396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy (DN). At present, it constitutes the first cause of end stage renal disease, and the main cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. Therefore, it is clear that new strategies are required to delay the development and the progression of this pathology. This new approach should look beyond the control of traditional risk factors such as hyperglycemia and hypertension. Currently, inflammation has been recognized as one of the underlying processes involved in the development and progression of kidney disease in the diabetic population. Understanding the cascade of signals and mechanisms that trigger this maladaptive immune response, which eventually leads to the development of DN, is crucial. This knowledge will allow the identification of new targets and facilitate the design of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis of proinflammatory molecules and mechanisms related to the development and progression of DN, and discuss the potential utility of new strategies based on agents that target inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Desirée Luis-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Víctor G. Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
| | | | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-602-389
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Anti-inflammatory effects of C-peptide on kidney of type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:721-726. [PMID: 31679115 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by C-peptide deficiency and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C-peptide in renal and inflammatory complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice model of T1DM with kidney disease. The study was performed in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. Two streptozotocin-diabetic groups (a T1DM animal model), after 4 weeks of diabetes, were treated with subcutaneous infusion of either vehicle (n = 12) or C-peptide (n = 11). Two non-diabetic groups (vehicle, n = 10; C-peptide, n = 9) were treated using the same protocol as described for the diabetic mice. The treatment with C-peptide in the diabetic group reduced the urinary levels of IL17 and TNFα, as well as IL4 and IL10 (p < 0.05). Contrary, the diabetic + C-peptide group presented higher IL10 gene expression in kidney. Besides, it displayed a reduction of TNFα gene expression. The data suggest that C-peptide may modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways, resulting in attenuation of kidney inflammation in T1DM animal model.
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Gooding J, Cao L, Ahmed F, Mwiza JM, Fernander M, Whitaker C, Acuff Z, McRitchie S, Sumner S, Ongeri EM. LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis to identify meprin-β-associated changes in kidney tissue from mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1034-F1046. [PMID: 31411076 PMCID: PMC6843037 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00166.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprin metalloproteases have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the meprin-β gene have been associated with DKD in Pima Indians, a Native American ethnic group with an extremely high prevalence of DKD. In African American men with diabetes, urinary meprin excretion positively correlated with the severity of kidney injury. In mice, meprin activity decreased at the onset of diabetic kidney injury. Several studies have identified meprin targets in the kidney. However, it is not known how proteolytic processing of the targets by meprins impacts the metabolite milieu in kidneys. In the present study, global metabolomics analysis identified differentiating metabolites in kidney tissues from wild-type and meprin-β knockout mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Kidney tissues were harvested at 8 wk post-STZ and analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis identified >200 peaks associated with diabetes. Meprin expression-associated metabolites with strong variable importance of projection scores were indoxyl sulfate, N-γ-l-glutamyl-l-aspartic acid, N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, inosine, and cis-5-decenedioic acid. N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide has been previously implicated in kidney injury, and its isomers, 4-PY and 2-PY, are markers of peroxisome proliferation and inflammation that correlate with creatinine clearance and glucose tolerance. Meprin deficiency-associated differentiating metabolites with high variable importance of projection scores were cortisol, hydroxymethoxyphenylcarboxylic acid-O-sulfate, and isovaleryalanine. The data suggest that meprin-β activity enhances diabetic kidney injury in part by altering the metabolite balance in kidneys, favoring high levels of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and N-methyl-pyridone-carboxamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gooding
- National Institutes of Health Common Fund Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Park, North Carolina
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Faihaa Ahmed
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Jean-Marie Mwiza
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Mizpha Fernander
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Courtney Whitaker
- National Institutes of Health Common Fund Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Park, North Carolina
| | - Zach Acuff
- National Institutes of Health Common Fund Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Park, North Carolina
| | - Susan McRitchie
- National Institutes of Health Common Fund Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Park, North Carolina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan Sumner
- National Institutes of Health Common Fund Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, RTI International, Research Park, North Carolina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Zhang Y, Young JL, Cai L, Tong YG, Miao L, Freedman JH. Chronic exposure to arsenic and high fat diet induces sex-dependent pathogenic effects on the kidney. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Luo M, Xu F, Lu Y, Zhou X, Cui W, Miao L. Elabela protects against podocyte injury in mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes by associating with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Peptides 2019; 114:29-37. [PMID: 30959144 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes characterized by an increased rate of protein excretion in urine and kidney function loss. Elabela is a newly discovered peptide whose role in the regulation of diabetes is the major focus of this research. We established an in vivo model of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by injecting mice intraperitoneally with streptozotocin. The treatment group was administered Elabela for 6 months. In the present study, Elabela administration under diabetic conditions was found to reduce renal inflammation and fibrosis markers, leading to improvement in renal pathology and kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, Elabela acts through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase /Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and decreases podocyte apoptosis, thereby exhibiting a nephroprotective effect against diabetic nephropathy. Our findings provide the first evidence that Elabela has a potential renoprotective effect in patients of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Donate-Correa J, Tagua VG, Ferri C, Martín-Núñez E, Hernández-Carballo C, Ureña-Torres P, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Pentoxifylline for Renal Protection in Diabetic Kidney Disease. A Model of Old Drugs for New Horizons. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030287. [PMID: 30818852 PMCID: PMC6463074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most relevant complications in diabetes mellitus patients, which constitutes the main cause of end-stage renal disease in the western world. Delaying the progression of this pathology requires new strategies that, in addition to the control of traditional risk factors (glycemia and blood pressure), specifically target the primary pathogenic mechanisms. Nowadays, inflammation is recognized as a critical novel pathogenic factor in the development and progression of renal injury in diabetes mellitus. Pentoxifylline is a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor with rheologic properties clinically used for more than 30 years in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. In addition, this compound also exerts anti-inflammatory actions. In the context of diabetic kidney disease, pentoxifylline has shown significant antiproteinuric effects and a delay in the loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate, although at the present time there is no definitive evidence regarding renal outcomes. Moreover, recent studies have reported that this drug can be associated with a positive impact on new factors related to kidney health, such as Klotho. The use of pentoxifylline as renoprotective therapy for patients with diabetic kidney disease represents a new example of drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Ureña-Torres
- Department of Dialyisis, AURA Nord, Saint Ouen, 93400 Paris, France.
- Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular en Enfermedades Renales, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28004, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0007), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Yang Y, Ma J, Zhao L. High central venous pressure is associated with acute kidney injury and mortality in patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. J Crit Care 2018; 48:211-215. [PMID: 30243200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to investigate the relationship between high CVP, AKI, and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIALS All patients aged 18 years or older who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded when renal artery were involved before and during surgery. Patients were dichotomized into high CVP group(>10 mmHg) and low CVP group(<10 mmHg). All patients were followed by telephone. RESULTS A total of 1941 patients were included in observed study. In high CVP group, three hundred forty-seven patients (43.32%) developed AKI, while eighty-six (7.543%) in low CVP group(P <0.0001). Furthermore, in every KDIGO stage, patients of AKI in high CVP group were more than those in low CVP group(P <0.0001). The incidence of AKI increased as CVP increased, especially when CVP was higher than 10cmH2O. In a median follow-up time of 9.2 months, Crude mortality is 8.365% in the high CVP group compared to 1.929% in the low CVP group (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, CVP remained the independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS High CVP is associated with AKI , and it is independently related to all-cause mortality in patients underwent cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- Center of Anesethology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Rd, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Center of Anesethology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Rd, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Center of Anesethology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Rd, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Figueira MF, Castiglione RC, de Lemos Barbosa CM, Ornellas FM, da Silva Feltran G, Morales MM, da Fonseca RN, de Souza-Menezes J. Diabetic rats present higher urinary loss of proteins and lower renal expression of megalin, cubilin, ClC-5, and CFTR. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/13/e13335. [PMID: 28676554 PMCID: PMC5506523 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurs in around 40% of those with diabetes. Proteinuria is the main characteristic of DN and develops as a result of increased permeability of the glomerulus capillary wall and/or decreased proximal tubule endocytosis. The goal of this work was to evaluate renal function and the expression of megalin, cubilin, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and ClC-5 in the proximal tubule and renal cortex of rats with type 1 diabetes. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (CTRL) and diabetic (DM) groups for 4 weeks. Renal function was assessed in 24-h urine sample by calculating clearance and fractional excretion of solutes. The RNA and protein contents of ClC-5, CFTR, megalin, and cubilin were determined in the renal proximal tubule and cortex using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques, respectively. The results showed higher creatinine clearance and higher urinary excretion of proteins, albumin, and transferrin in the DM group than in the CTRL group. Furthermore, the renal cortex and proximal tubule of diabetic animals showed downregulation of megalin, cubilin, ClC-5, and CFTR, critical components of the endocytic apparatus. These data suggest dysfunction in proximal tubule low-molecular-weight endocytosis and protein glomerulus filtration in the kidney of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Figueira
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Castiglione
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina M de Lemos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Ornellas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geórgia da Silva Feltran
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jackson de Souza-Menezes
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alicic RZ, Johnson EJ, Tuttle KR. Inflammatory Mechanisms as New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:181-191. [PMID: 29580582 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Approximately 30-40% of people with diabetes develop this microvascular complication, placing them at high risk of losing kidney function as well as of cardiovascular events, infections, and death. Current therapies are ineffective for arresting kidney disease progression and mitigating risks of comorbidities and death among patients with DKD. As the global count of people with diabetes will soon exceed 400 million, the need for effective and safe treatment options for complications such as DKD becomes ever more urgent. Recently, the understanding of DKD pathogenesis has evolved to recognize inflammation as a major underlying mechanism of kidney damage. In turn, inflammatory mediators have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DKD. Phase 2 clinical trials testing inhibitors of monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 chemokine C-C motif-ligand 2 and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, in particular, have produced promising results.
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Zhou Y, Yuan J, Qi C, Shao X, Mou S, Ni Z. Calcium dobesilate may alleviate diabetes‑induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8635-8642. [PMID: 29039485 PMCID: PMC5779917 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end‑stage renal disease. However, the pathogenesis of DKD remains unclear, and no effective treatments for the disease are available. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of DKD and to develop more effective therapies for this disease. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured using different D‑glucose concentrations to determine the effect of high glucose (HG) on the cells. Alternatively, HUVECs were incubated with 100 µmol/l calcium dobesilate (CaD) to detect its effects. The authors subsequently measured HUVEC proliferation via cell counting kit‑8 assays. In addition, HUVEC angiogenesis was investigated via migration assays and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‑labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeability assays. The content or distribution of markers of endothelial dysfunction [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (R) and endocan) or inflammation [intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‑1, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1 and pentraxin‑related protein (PTX3)] was evaluated via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. HG treatment induced increased in VEGF, VEGFR, endocan, ICAM‑1, MCP‑1 and PTX3 mRNA and protein expression in HUVECs. HG treatment for 24 to 48 h increased cell proliferation in a time‑dependent manner, but the cell proliferation rate was decreased at 72 h of HG treatment. Conversely, CaD inhibited abnormal cell proliferation. HG treatment also significantly enhanced HVUEC migration compared to the control treatment. In contrast, CaD treatment partially inhibited HUVEC migration compared to HG exposure. HG‑treated HUVECs exhibited increased FITC‑BSA permeability compared to control cells cultured in medium alone; however, CaD application prevented the HG‑induced increase in FITC‑BSA permeability and suppressed HG‑induced overexpression of endothelial markers (VEGF, VEGFR‑2, endocan) and inflammation markers (ICAM‑1, MCP‑1, PTX3) in HUVECs. CaD has angioprotective properties and protects endothelial cells partly by ameliorating HG‑induced inflammation. The current results demonstrated the potential applicability of CaD to the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, particularly during the early stages of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jiangzi Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Sibiya N, Ngubane P, Mabandla M. The Ameliorative Effect of Pectin-Insulin Patch On Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:530-540. [PMID: 28854437 DOI: 10.1159/000480395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal damage and dysfunction is attributed to sustained hyperglycaemia in overt diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin injections are beneficial in delaying the progression of renal dysfunction and damage in diabetics. However, the current mode of administration is associated with severe undesirable effects. In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of pectin-insulin dermal patches on renal dysfunction in diabetes. METHODS Pectin-insulin patches (20.0, 40.8 and 82.9 µg/kg) were applied on the skin of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, thrice daily for 5 weeks. Blood glucose concentration, blood pressure and urine output volume were recorded on week 5 after which the animals were sacrificed after which the kidneys and plasma were collected. Kidney nephrin expression and urinary nephrin concentration, albumin excretion rate (AER), creatinine clearance (CC) and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were assessed. RESULTS Patch application resulted in reduced blood glucose concentration and blood pressure. Furthermore, pectin-insulin patch treatment resulted in increased kidney nephrin expression and reduced urinary nephrin concentration. AER, CC ACR were also reduced post patch application. CONCLUSIONS The application of pectin-insulin patch limited diabetes associated kidney damaged and improved kidney function. These observations suggest that pectin-insulin patches may ameliorate kidney dysfunction that is associated with chronic subcutaneous insulin administration.
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Khanra R, Bhattacharjee N, Dua TK, Nandy A, Saha A, Kalita J, Manna P, Dewanjee S. Taraxerol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from Abroma augusta leaf attenuates diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:726-741. [PMID: 28802226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyperglycaemia coupled with inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Present study examined the therapeutic potential of taraxerol isolated from the methanol extract of Abroma augusta leaf against DN using rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was experimentally induced by high fat diet and a single low-single dose of streptozotocin (35mg/kg, i.p.). Accumulation of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid, activation of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinin kinase, and release of urinary albumin represented the glomerular damage and the progression of nephropathy in T2D rats. Taraxerol (20mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly reinstated the aforementioned changes in biochemical parameters near to normalcy. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated an impaired signaling cascade, IRS1/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/GLUT4/GSK3β, of glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle and increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, CRP and MCP1 in T2D rats. Activation of polyol pathway, enhanced production of AGEs, up-regulation of NF-κB/PKCs/PARP signaling, and renal fibrosis was also observed in T2D rats. Taraxerol (20mg/kg, p.o.) treatment stimulated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, regulated blood glycaemic status and lipid profile in the sera, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored the renal physiology in T2D rats. Histological assessments were also in agreement with the above findings. Molecular docking study again supported the probable interactions of taraxerol with PKCβ, PKCδ, NF-κB, PARP, PI3K, IRS, Akt and AMPK. In silico ADME study predicted the drug-likeness character of taraxerol. Results suggest a possibility of taraxerol to be a new therapeutic agent for DN in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashis Nandy
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Azzam ZS, Kinaneh S, Bahouth F, Ismael-Badarneh R, Khoury E, Abassi Z. Involvement of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Salt and Water Imbalance in Congestive Heart Failure. Front Immunol 2017; 8:716. [PMID: 28674538 PMCID: PMC5474564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) has become a major medical problem in the western world with high morbidity and mortality rates. CHF adversely affects several systems, mainly the kidneys and the lungs. While the involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system in the progression of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction in experimental and clinical CHF is well established, the importance of pro-inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of this clinical setting is still evolving. In this context, CHF is associated with overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, which are activated in response to environmental injury. This family of cytokines has been implicated in the deterioration of CHF, where it plays an important role in initiating and integrating homeostatic responses both at the myocardium and circulatory levels. We and others showed that angiotensin II decreased the ability of the lungs to clear edema and enhanced the fibrosis process via phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and p42/44, which are generally involved in cellular responses to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Literature data also indicate the involvement of these effectors in modulating ion channel activity. It has been reported that in heart failure due to mitral stenosis; there were varying degrees of vascular and other associated parenchymal changes such as edema and fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss the effects of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators on the kidneys and the lungs in heart failure; especially their role in renal and alveolar ion channels activity and fluid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher S. Azzam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Internal Medicine “B”, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Safa Kinaneh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fadel Bahouth
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reem Ismael-Badarneh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emad Khoury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Furukawa C, Fujii N, Manabe A, Matsunaga T, Endo S, Hasegawa H, Ito Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamazaki Y, Ikari A. Up-Regulation of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 6 Channel Expression by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the Presence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2841-2850. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Furukawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
| | - Naoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
| | - Aya Manabe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
| | - Hajime Hasegawa
- Saitama Medical Center; Saitama Medical University; Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pharmacy; Gifu University Hospital; Gifu Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Japan
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Chen YL, Qiao YC, Xu Y, Ling W, Pan YH, Huang YC, Geng LJ, Zhao HL, Zhang XX. Serum TNF-α concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and diabetic nephropathy patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunol Lett 2017; 186:52-58. [PMID: 28414180 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) patients. METHODS The four databases (PubMed, CNKI, WanFang and Chinese-Cqvip) were searched from Jan 1, 1999 to October 1, 2016 for all clinical case-control studies about the serum TNF-α concentrations in T2DM and T2DN patients. All relevant data were extracted from published reports. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the changes of serum TNF-α concentrations of T2DN and T2DM patients in Eastern and Western with healthy controls. We further evaluated concentrations of serum TNF-α in T2DN patients with mincroalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. Random-effects models were adopted to assess the pooling data among various variations. RESULTS In total of 6 studies (744 patients and 277 healthy controls) were included in this study. Compared with healthy controls (both p<0.01), the groups of different albuminuria levels and ethnicities both showed that the serum TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in T2DN patients as well as in eastern T2DN patients (p=0.001), but not significant changed in western T2DN patients (p=0.081). The results were stable through sensitivity analysis and no significant publications bias existed in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Serum TNF-α concentrations are obviously increased in T2DN and T2DM patients, but higher in T2DN patients, suggesting an elevated inflammatory burden in T2DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Chen
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Huang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Li-Jun Geng
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Pichler R, Afkarian M, Dieter BP, Tuttle KR. Immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: translating mechanisms to biomarkers and treatment targets. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F716-F731. [PMID: 27558558 PMCID: PMC6109808 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00314.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of obesity and diabetes have made diabetic kidney disease (DKD) the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. Despite current pharmacological treatments, including strategies for optimizing glycemic control and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, DKD still makes up almost one-half of all cases of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Compelling and mounting evidence has clearly demonstrated that immunity and inflammation play a paramount role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This article reviews the involvement of the immune system in DKD and identifies important roles of key immune and inflammatory mediators. One of the most recently identified biomarkers is serum amyloid A, which appears to be relatively specific for DKD. Novel and evolving treatment approaches target protein kinases, transcription factors, chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, advanced glycation end-products, and other inflammatory molecules. This is the beginning of a new era in the understanding and treatment of DKD, and we may have finally reached a tipping point in our fight against the growing burden of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Pichler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Maryam Afkarian
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Brad P Dieter
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
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Aschauer C, Perco P, Heinzel A, Sunzenauer J, Oberbauer R. Positioning of Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Computational Network Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169518. [PMID: 28060893 PMCID: PMC5217951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate tacrolimus as therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy (DN) based on molecular profile and network-based molecular model comparisons. Materials and Methods We generated molecular models representing pathophysiological mechanisms of DN and tacrolimus mechanism of action (MoA) based on literature derived data and transcriptomics datasets. Shared enriched molecular pathways were identified based on both model datasets. A newly generated transcriptomics dataset studying the effect of tacrolimus on mesangial cells in vitro was added to identify mechanisms in DN pathophysiology. We searched for features in interference between the DN molecular model and the tacrolimus MoA molecular model already holding annotation evidence as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in the context of DN. Results Thirty nine molecular features were shared between the DN molecular model, holding 252 molecular features and the tacrolimus MoA molecular model, holding 209 molecular features, with six additional molecular features affected by tacrolimus in mesangial cells. Significantly affected molecular pathways by both molecular model sets included cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, adherens junctions, TGF-beta signaling, MAPK signaling, and calcium signaling. Molecular features involved in inflammation and immune response contributing to DN progression were significantly downregulated by tacrolimus (e.g. the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin 4, or interleukin 10). On the other hand, pro-fibrotic stimuli being detrimental to renal function were induced by tacrolimus like the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), endothelin 1 (EDN1), or type IV collagen alpha 1 (COL4A1). Conclusion Patients with DN and elevated TNF levels might benefit from tacrolimus treatment regarding maintaining GFR and reducing inflammation. TGFB1 and EDN1 are proposed as monitoring markers to assess degree of renal damage. Next to this stratification approach, the use of drug combinations consisting of tacrolimus in addition to ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, TGFB1- or EDN1-receptor antagonists might warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Perco
- Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Judith Sunzenauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Huang G, Lv J, Li T, Huai G, Li X, Xiang S, Wang L, Qin Z, Pang J, Zou B, Wang Y. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1179-89. [PMID: 27571993 PMCID: PMC5029967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the protective effect of notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) on podocytes in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to explore the mechanism responsible for NR1-induced renal protection. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ, and NR1 was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg (low dose), 10 mg/kg (medium) and 20 mg/kg (high) for 16 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood glucose levels, body weight and proteinuria were measured every 4 weeks, starting on the day that the rats received NR1. Furthermore, on the day of sacrifice, blood, urine and kidneys were collected in order to assess renal function according to general parameters. Pathological staining was performed to evaluate the renal protective effect of NR1, and the expression of the key slit diaphragm proteins, namely neprhin, podocin and desmin, were evaluated. In addition, the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6] as well as an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were assessed, and the apoptosis of podocytes was quantified. Finally, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and the involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inactivation was further analyzed. In this study, NR1 improved renal function by ameliorating histological alterations, increasing the expression of nephrin and podocin, decreasing the expression of desmin, and inhibiting both the inflammatory response as well as the apoptosis of podocytes. Furthermore, NR1 treatment increased the phosphorylation of both PI3K (p85) and Akt, indicating that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved. Moreover, NR1 treatment decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65), suggesting the downregulation of NF-κB. This is the first study to the best of our knowledge, to clearly demonstrate that NR1 treatment ameliorates podocyte injury by inhibiting both inflammation and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Huang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhen Lv
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Guoli Huai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Xiang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Wang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Qin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Jianli Pang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Zou
- Department of Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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45
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Zhang H, Wang H, Yan M, Zhao T, Lu X, Zhu B, Gong Y, Li P. A recombinant TGF-β1 vaccine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:1045-57. [PMID: 27485077 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a recombinant vaccine encoding TGF-β1 in OLETF rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS OLETF rats were treated with vehicle or TGF-β1 vaccine. LETO rats were used as normal controls. At 42 weeks after immunization with vaccine, samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS OLETF rats treated with the vaccine reduced blood glucose levels, improved renal pathological changes, and inhibited overexpression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3, as well as MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 vaccine attenuated diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats through reduction of inflammation, improvement of kidney fibrosis and partial correction of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Nakai K, Fujii H, Watanabe K, Watanabe S, Awata R, Kono K, Yonekura Y, Goto S, Nishi S. Riser pattern is a predictor of kidney mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:476-81. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakai
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rie Awata
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiji Kono
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yonekura
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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47
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Cytokines profile and its correlation with endothelial damage and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. Immunol Res 2016; 64:951-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Al-Harbi MS, Hamza RZ. Potential Ameliorative Effects of Selenium and Chromium Supplementation Against Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.483.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Bhanot S, Leehey DJ. Pentoxifylline for Diabetic Nephropathy: an Important Opportunity to Re-purpose an Old Drug? Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Barzegar-Fallah A, Alimoradi H, Asadi F, Dehpour AR, Asgari M, Shafiei M. Tropisetron ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:361-8. [PMID: 25676798 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that tropisetron exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The current study was designed to investigate protective effects of tropisetron on early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into six groups: (i) untreated diabetic (streptozotocin group); (ii) untreated control; (iii) diabetic rats treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg); (iv) normal rats treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg); (v) diabetic rats treated with granisetron (3 mg/kg); and (vi) normal rats treated with granisetron (3 mg/kg); rats began receiving treatment at the time of diabetes induction for 2 weeks. At the termination of the experiments, bodyweight, kidney index, urinary albumin excretion, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. The levels of oxidative stress markers and tumour necrosis factor-α were also determined. Streptozotocin-treated animals showed significant loss of bodyweight and renal enlargement and dysfunction. Diabetic rats also exhibited an increase in malondialdehyde along with a significant decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity. Furthermore, the diabetic animals demonstrated a significant rise in renal cortical, urinary tumour necrosis factor-α, and urinary albumin excretion. Both granisetron and tropisetron decreased blood glucose in diabetic animals, but this decrease was not significant for granisetron. Treatment with tropisetron, but not granisetron, prevented increases in oxidative stress and tumour necrosis factor-α, decreased urinary cytokine excretion and albuminuria, and improved renal morphological damage. In conclusion, the present study suggests that tropisetron may be a protective agent in early diabetic nephropathy, and its action is mediated, at least in part, by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that appear to be independent of the 5-HT3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Barzegar-Fallah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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