1
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Zelisko N, Lesyk R, Stoika R. Structure, unique biological properties, and mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107611. [PMID: 38964148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Zelisko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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2
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Dong H, Sun Y, Nie L, Cui A, Zhao P, Leung WK, Wang Q. Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38413567 PMCID: PMC10899265 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic environments. The long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management, resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions, culminating in disease progression and even affecting offspring. The elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and management. Here, we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient characteristics. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular, cellular, and organ levels, with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic modulations. Finally, we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuezhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Kumar P, Brooks HL. Sex-specific epigenetic programming in renal fibrosis and inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F578-F594. [PMID: 37560775 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00091.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity along with an aging population is leading to a higher incidence of renal diseases in society. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized mainly by persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and gradual loss of renal function leading to renal failure. Sex is a known contributor to the differences in incidence and progression of CKD. Epigenetic programming is an essential regulator of renal physiology and is critically involved in the pathophysiology of renal injury and fibrosis. Epigenetic signaling integrates intrinsic and extrinsic signals onto the genome, and various environmental and hormonal stimuli, including sex hormones, which regulate gene expression and downstream cellular responses. The most extensively studied epigenetic alterations that play a critical role in renal damage include histone modifications and DNA methylation. Notably, these epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them candidates for potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of renal diseases. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in epigenetic modulation of renal fibrosis and inflammation and highlight some possible epigenetic therapeutic strategies for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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4
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Zu G, Sun Z, Chen Y, Geng J, Lv J, You Z, Jiang C, Sheng Q, Nie Z. The acetyltransferase BmCBP changes the acetylation modification of BmSP3 and affects its protein expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8509-8521. [PMID: 37642757 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) that widely exists in organisms. As a reversible PTM, acetylation modification can regulate the function of proteins with high efficiency. In the previous study, the acetylation sites of silkworm proteins were identified on a large scale by nano-HPLC/MS/MS (nanoscale high performance liquid chromatography-tandem secondary mass spectrometry), and a total of 11 acetylation sites were discovered on Bombyx mori nutrient-storage protein SP3 (BmSP3). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acetylation level on BmSP3. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the acetylation of BmSP3 was further verified by immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting. Then, it was confirmed that acetylation could up-regulate the expression of BmSP3 by improving its protein stability in BmN cells. Co-IP and RNAi experiments showed acetyltransferase BmCBP could bind to BmSP3 and catalyze its acetylation modification, then regulate the expression of BmSP3. Furthermore, the knock-down of BmCBP could improve the ubiquitination level of BmSP3. Both acetylation and ubiquitination occur on the side chain of lysine residues, therefore, we speculated that the acetylation of BmSP3 catalyzed by BmCBP could competitively inhibit its ubiquitination modification and improve its protein stability by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway, and thereby increase the expression and intracellular accumulation. CONCLUSIONS BmCBP catalyzes the acetylation of BmSP3 and may improve the stability of BmSP3 by competitive ubiquitination. This conclusion provides a new functional basis for the extensive involvement of acetylation in the regulation of nutrient storage and utilization in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Geng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengying You
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Kourtidou C, Tziomalos K. The Role of Histone Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066007. [PMID: 36983082 PMCID: PMC10051814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial, with several molecular pathways implicated. Recent data suggest that histone modification plays an important role in the development and progression of DKD. Histone modification appears to induce oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the diabetic kidney. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the association between histone modification and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoula Kourtidou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Dudakovic A, Bayram B, Bettencourt JW, Limberg AK, Galvan ML, Carrasco ME, Stans B, Thaler R, Morrey ME, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Berry DJ, van Wijnen AJ, Abdel MP. The epigenetic regulator BRD4 is required for myofibroblast differentiation of knee fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:320-334. [PMID: 36648754 PMCID: PMC9990907 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis, which is characterized by excessive scar tissue and limited motion, can complicate the daily functioning of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Molecular hallmarks of arthrofibrosis include pathologic accumulation of myofibroblasts and disproportionate collagen deposition. Epigenetic mechanisms, including posttranslation modification of histones, control gene expression and may regulate fibrotic events. This study assessed the role of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins on myofibroblast differentiation. This group of epigenetic regulators recognize acetylated lysines and are targeted by a class of drugs known as BET inhibitors. RNA-seq analysis revealed robust mRNA expression of three BET members (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) while the fourth member (BRDT) is not expressed in primary TKA knee outgrowth fibroblasts. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that BET inhibition with the small molecule JQ1 impairs TGFβ1-induced expression of ACTA2, a key myofibroblast marker, in primary outgrowth knee fibroblasts. Similarly, JQ1 administration also reduced COL3A1 mRNA levels and collagen deposition as monitored by picrosirius red staining. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of JQ1 on ACTA2 mRNA and protein expression, as well as COL3A1 expression and collagen deposition, were paralleled by siRNA-mediated depletion of BRD4. Together, these data reveal that BRD4-mediated epigenetic events support TGFβ1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition as seen in arthrofibrosis. To our knowledge, these are the first studies that assess epigenetic regulators and their downstream events in the context of arthrofibrosis. Future studies may reveal clinical utility for drugs that target epigenetic pathways, specifically BET proteins, in the prevention and treatment of arthrofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Afton K. Limberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M. Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Britta Stans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark E. Morrey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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7
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Griesler B, Schuelke C, Uhlig C, Gadasheva Y, Grossmann C. Importance of Micromilieu for Pathophysiologic Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activity—When the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Resides in the Wrong Neighborhood. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012592. [PMID: 36293446 PMCID: PMC9603863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the steroid receptor family and acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In addition to its classical effects on water and electrolyte balance, its involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases has been the subject of research for several years. The molecular basis of the latter has not been fully elucidated, but an isolated increase in the concentration of the MR ligand aldosterone or MR expression does not suffice to explain long-term pathologic actions of the receptor. Several studies suggest that MR activity and signal transduction are modulated by the surrounding microenvironment, which therefore plays an important role in MR pathophysiological effects. Local changes in micromilieu, including hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, radical stress, and aberrant salt or glucose concentrations affect MR activation and therefore may influence the probability of unphysiological MR actions. The surrounding micromilieu may modulate genomic MR activity either by causing changes in MR expression or MR activity; for example, by inducing posttranslational modifications of the MR or novel interaction with coregulators, DNA-binding sites, or non-classical pathways. This should be considered when developing treatment options and strategies for prevention of MR-associated diseases.
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8
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Zheng D, Ho C, Wen D, Sun J, Huang L, Liu Y, Li Q, Zhang Y. HDAC5-mediated Smad7 silencing through MEF2A is critical for fibroblast activation and hypertrophic scar formation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5724-5739. [PMID: 36263180 PMCID: PMC9576526 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a key role in excessive fibrosis. As a class IIa family histone deacetylase (HDAC), HDAC5 shows a close relationship with TGF-β signaling and fibrosis. However, the effect and regulatory mechanism of HDAC5 in hypertrophic scar (HS) formation remain elusive. We show that HDAC5 was overexpressed in HS tissues and depletion of HDAC5 attenuated HS formation in vivo and inhibited fibroblast activation in vitro. HDAC5 knockdown (KD) significantly downregulated TGF-β1 induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and increased Smad7 expression. Meanwhile, Smad7 KD rescued the Smad2/3 phosphorylation downregulation and scar hyperplasia inhibition mediated by HDAC5 deficiency. Luciferase reporter assays and ChIP-qPCR assays revealed that HDAC5 interacts with myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) suppressing MEF2A binding to the Smad7 promoter region, which results in Smad7 promoter activity repression. HDAC4/5 inhibitor, LMK235, significantly alleviated hypertrophic scar formation. Our study provides clues for the development of HDAC5 targeting strategies for the therapy or prophylaxis of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingfeng Li
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yifan Zhang and Qingfeng Li. Address: 639 Zhizaoju Road, Depart of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Tel: +86-21-23271699-5124; Fax: +86-21-63089567; E-mail addresses: (Yifan Zhang), (Qingfeng Li)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yifan Zhang and Qingfeng Li. Address: 639 Zhizaoju Road, Depart of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Tel: +86-21-23271699-5124; Fax: +86-21-63089567; E-mail addresses: (Yifan Zhang), (Qingfeng Li)
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9
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Kushwaha K, Garg SS, Gupta J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for treating diabetic nephropathy. Biochimie 2022; 202:146-158. [PMID: 35985560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by the worsening of kidney functions. The reasons for kidney dysfunction mainly include high blood pressure (BP), high blood sugar levels, and genetic makeup. Vascular complications are the leading cause of the end-stage renal disorder (ESRD) and death of diabetic patients. Epigenetics has emerged as a new area to explain the inheritance of non-mendelian conditions like diabetic kidney diseases. Aberrant post-translational histone modifications (PTHMs), DNA methylation (DNAme), and miRNA constitute major epigenetic mechanisms that progress diabetic nephropathy (DN). Increased blood sugar levels alter PTHMs, DNAme, and miRNA in kidney cells results in aberrant gene expression that causes fibrosis, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and renal injuries. Histone acetylation (HAc) and histone deacetylation (HDAC) are the most studied epigenetic modifications with implications in the occurrence of kidney disorders. miRNAs induced by hyperglycemia in renal cells are also responsible for ECM accumulation and dysfunction of the glomerulus. In this review, we highlight the role of epigenetic modifications in DN progression and current strategies employed to ameliorate DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sourbh Suren Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Varghese DS, Alawathugoda TT, Sheikh MA, Challagandla AK, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Developmental modeling of hepatogenesis using obese iPSCs-hepatocyte differentiation uncovers pathological features. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:670. [PMID: 35915082 PMCID: PMC9343434 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multigene disorder. However, in addition to genetic factors, environmental determinants also participate in developing obesity and related pathologies. Thus, obesity could be best described as a combination of genetic and environmental perturbations often having its origin during the early developmental period. Environmental factors such as energy-dense food and sedentary lifestyle are known to be associated with obesogenicity. However, the combinatorial effects of gene-environment interactions are not well understood. Understanding the role of multiple genetic variations leading to subtle gene expression changes is not practically possible in monogenic or high-fat-fed animal models of obesity. In contrast, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from individuals with familial obesity or an obesogenic genotype could serve as a good model system. Herein, we have used hiPSCs generated from normal and genetically obese subjects and differentiated them into hepatocytes in cell culture. We show that hepatocytes from obese iPSCs store more lipids and show increased cell death than normal iPSCs. Whole transcriptome analyses in both normal and obese iPSCs treated with palmitate compared to control revealed LXR-RXR and hepatic fibrosis pathways were enriched among other pathways in obese iPSCs compared to normal iPSCs. Among other genes, increased CD36 and CAV1 expression and decreased expression of CES1 in obese iPSCs could have been responsible for excess lipid accumulation, resulting in differential expression of genes associated with hepatic fibrosis, a key feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our results demonstrate that iPSCs derived from genetically obese subjects could serve as an excellent model to understand the effects of this multigene disorder on organ development and may uncover pathologies of NAFLD, which is highly associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Saro Varghese
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thilina T. Alawathugoda
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Abid Sheikh
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anil Kumar Challagandla
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ,grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Suraiya A. Ansari
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ,grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi UAE
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11
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Zheng W, Guo J, Lu X, Qiao Y, Liu D, Pan S, Liang L, Liu C, Zhu H, Liu Z, Liu Z. cAMP-response element binding protein mediates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by targeting lncRNA DLX6-AS1. Metabolism 2022; 129:155155. [PMID: 35093327 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive proteinuria is one of the earliest clinical features of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In our previous study, lncRNA DLX6-AS1 (DLX6-AS1, Dlx6os1 in the mouse) was found to be associated with the extent of albuminuria in DN patients. Furthermore, the lack of Dlx6os1 was pivotal in switching off the inflammatory response in db/db mouse model. However, the regulatory factors responsible for elevated DLX6-AS1 in DN remains unknown. METHODS To identify potential regulatory factors for DLX6-AS1, JASPAR database and DNA pull down combined subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were then performed to confirm binding sites. We also investigated the effects of the regulatory factors on DN progression in db/db mouse model and cultured human podocytes. RESULTS Our analyses demonstrated that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was highly expressed and closely associated with DLX6-AS1 in DN. In db/db mouse and in cultured podocytes, CREB silencing significantly reduced the level of DLX6-AS1 or Dlx6os1 and attenuated renal damage. Mechanistically, CREB overexpression aggravated renal inflammation and destroyed the structure of podocytes by targeting DLX6-AS1. The damaging role of CREB in podocyte injury was also inhibited by 666-15, a selective inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the inhibition of CREB by 666-15 significantly attenuated albuminuria and ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in podocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that CREB is a key mediator of podocyte injury and acts by regulating DLX6-AS1. Thus, CREB may be an effective and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Guo
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Lulu Liang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongchao Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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12
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The HDAC2/SP1/miR-205 feedback loop contributes to tubular epithelial cell extracellular matrix production in diabetic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:223-238. [PMID: 35084460 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is considered an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors protect against kidney injury. However, the potential mechanisms of HDACs in DKD are still largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel feedback loop composed of HDAC2 and miR-205 that regulates ECM production in tubular epithelial cells in individuals with DKD. We found that HDAC2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was markedly higher in patients with DKD than in patients with diabetes. Nuclear HDAC2 protein expression was increased in TGFβ1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells and db/db mice. We also found that miR-205 was regulated by HDAC2 and downregulated in TGFβ1-treated HK2 cells and db/db mice. In addition, HDAC2 reduced histone H3K9 acetylation in the miR-205 promoter region to inhibit its promoter activity and subsequently suppressed miR-205 expression through an SP1-mediated pathway. Furthermore, miR-205 directly targeted HDAC2 and inhibited HDAC2 expression. Intriguingly, miR-205 also regulated its own transcription by inhibiting HDAC2 and increasing histone H3K9 acetylation in its promoter, forming a feedback regulatory loop. Additionally, the miR-205 agonist attenuated ECM production in HK2 cells and renal interstitial fibrosis in db/db mice. In conclusion, the HDAC2/SP1/miR-205 feedback loop may be crucial for the pathogenesis of DKD.
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13
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Kuo FC, Chao CT, Lin SH. The Dynamics and Plasticity of Epigenetics in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Applications Vis-à-Vis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020843. [PMID: 35055027 PMCID: PMC8777872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to the phenomenon of progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate accompanied by adverse consequences, including fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and an increased cardiovascular risk compared to those with normal renal function. The triggers for the irreversible renal function deterioration are multifactorial, and diabetes mellitus serves as a major contributor to the development of CKD, namely diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recently, epigenetic dysregulation emerged as a pivotal player steering the progression of DKD, partly resulting from hyperglycemia-associated metabolic disturbances, rising oxidative stress, and/or uncontrolled inflammation. In this review, we describe the major epigenetic molecular mechanisms, followed by summarizing current understandings of the epigenetic alterations pertaining to DKD. We highlight the epigenetic regulatory processes involved in several crucial renal cell types: Mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelia, and glomerular endothelial cells. Finally, we highlight epigenetic biomarkers and related therapeutic candidates that hold promising potential for the early detection of DKD and the amelioration of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chih Kuo
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common microvascular complication with a high incidence in diabetic patients, greatly increases the mortality of patients. With further study on DN, it is found that epigenetics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of DN. Epigenetics has an important impact on the development of DN through a variety of mechanisms, and promotes the generation and maintenance of metabolic memory, thus ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. In this review we discuss the methylation of DNA, modification of histone, and regulation of non-coding RNA involved in the progress of cell dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of DN.
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15
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Zeng F, Fan Y, Brown RW, Drew Gill W, Price JB, Jones TC, Zhu MY. Effects of Manipulation of Noradrenergic Activities on the Expression of Dopaminergic Phenotypes in Aged Rat Brains. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211055064. [PMID: 34812056 PMCID: PMC8613899 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211055064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the pharmacological manipulation of noradrenergic activities on dopaminergic phenotypes in aged rats. Results showed that the administration of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS) for 21 days significantly increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of 23-month-old rats. Furthermore, this treatment significantly increased norepinephrine/DA concentrations in the striatum and caused a deficit of sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI). Next, old rats were injected with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist 2-methoxy idazoxan or β2-adrenoceptor agonist salmeterol for 21 days. Both drugs produced similar changes of TH and DAT in the striatum and SN. Moreover, treatments with L-DOPS, 2-methoxy idazoxan, or salmeterol significantly increased the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt in rat striatum and SN. However, although a combination of 2-methoxy idazoxan and salmeterol resulted in a deficit of PPI in these rats, the administration of 2-methoxy idazoxan alone showed an opposite behavioral change. The in vitro experiments revealed that treatments with norepinephrine markedly increased mRNAs and proteins of ATF2 and CBP/p300 and reduced mRNA and proteins of HDAC2 and HDAC5 in MN9D cells. A ChIP assay showed that norepinephrine significantly increased CBP/p300 binding or reduced HDAC2 and HDAC5 binding on the TH promoter. The present results indicate that facilitating noradrenergic activity in the brain can improve the functions of dopaminergic neurons in aged animals. While this improvement may have biochemically therapeutic indication for the status involving the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, it may not definitely include behavioral improvements, as indicated by using 2-methoxy idazoxan only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University, China.,Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, China
| | - Russell W Brown
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Wesley Drew Gill
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Jennifer B Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
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16
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Ghosh AK. Acetyltransferase p300 Is a Putative Epidrug Target for Amelioration of Cellular Aging-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112839. [PMID: 34831061 PMCID: PMC8616404 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of accelerated as well as chronological aging-related human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic, immunologic, unhealthy lifestyles including daily consumption of high-carb/high-fat fast food, lack of exercise, drug addiction, cigarette smoke, alcoholism, and exposure to environmental pollutants like particulate matter (PM)-induced stresses contribute profoundly to accelerated and chronological cardiovascular aging and associated life threatening diseases. All these stressors alter gene expression epigenetically either through activation or repression of gene transcription via alteration of chromatin remodeling enzymes and chromatin landscape by DNA methylation or histone methylation or histone acetylation. Acetyltransferase p300, a major epigenetic writer of acetylation on histones and transcription factors, contributes significantly to modifications of chromatin landscape of genes involved in cellular aging and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the key findings those implicate acetyltransferase p300 as a major contributor to cellular senescence or aging related cardiovascular pathologies including vascular dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, systolic/diastolic dysfunction, and aortic valve calcification are discussed. The efficacy of natural or synthetic small molecule inhibitor targeting acetyltransferase p300 in amelioration of stress-induced dysregulated gene expression, cellular aging, and cardiovascular disease in preclinical study is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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17
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Copur S, Rossing P, Afsar B, Sag AA, Siriopol D, Kuwabara M, Ortiz A, Kanbay M. A primer on metabolic memory: why existing diabesity treatments fail. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:756-767. [PMID: 34512957 PMCID: PMC8422888 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite massive government and private sector investments into prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, efforts have largely failed, and the burden of cost remains in the treatment of downstream morbidity and mortality, with overall stagnating outcomes. A new paradigm shift in the approach to these patients may explain why existing treatment strategies fail, and offer new treatment targets. This review aims to provide a clinician-centred primer on metabolic memory, defined as the sum of irreversible genetic, epigenetic, cellular and tissue-level alterations that occur with long-time exposure to metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Alan A Sag
- Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrie Siriopol
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- School of Medicine, Dialysis Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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19
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Activated Histone Acetyltransferase p300/CBP-Related Signalling Pathways Mediate Up-Regulation of NADPH Oxidase, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091356. [PMID: 34572988 PMCID: PMC8469026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates the histone acetylation-based epigenetic mechanisms in the pathoetiology of diabetes-associated micro-/macrovascular complications. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive chronic inflammatory microvascular disorder ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis and kidney failure. We hypothesized that histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP may be involved in mediating diabetes-accelerated renal damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of p300/CBP in the up-regulation of renal NADPH oxidase (Nox), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and fibrosis in diabetic mice. Diabetic C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive 10 mg/kg C646, a selective p300/CBP inhibitor, or its vehicle for 4 weeks. We found that in the kidney of C646-treated diabetic mice, the level of H3K27ac, an epigenetic mark of active gene expression, was significantly reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP significantly down-regulated the diabetes-induced enhanced expression of Nox subtypes, pro-inflammatory, and pro-fibrotic molecules in the kidney of mice, and the glomerular ROS overproduction. Our study provides evidence that the activation of p300/CBP enhances ROS production, potentially generated by up-regulated Nox, inflammation, and the production of extracellular matrix proteins in the diabetic kidney. The data suggest that p300/CBP-pharmacological inhibitors may be attractive tools to modulate diabetes-associated pathological processes to efficiently reduce the burden of DKD.
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20
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Zheng W, Guo J, Liu ZS. Effects of metabolic memory on inflammation and fibrosis associated with diabetic kidney disease: an epigenetic perspective. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:87. [PMID: 33883002 PMCID: PMC8061201 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complication of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Persistent inflammation and subsequent chronic fibrosis are major causes of loss of renal function, which is associated with the progression of DKD to ESRD. In fact, DKD progression is affected by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Approximately, one-third of diabetic patients progress to develop DKD despite intensive glycemic control, which propose an essential concept "metabolic memory." Epigenetic modifications, an extensively studied mechanism of metabolic memory, have been shown to contribute to the susceptibility to develop DKD. Epigenetic modifications also play a regulatory role in the interactions between the genes and the environmental factors. The epigenetic contributions to the processes of inflammation and fibrogenesis involved in DKD occur at different regulatory levels, including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA modulation. Compared with genetic factors, epigenetics represents a new therapeutic frontier in understanding the development DKD and may lead to therapeutic breakthroughs due to the possibility to reverse these modifications therapeutically. Early recognition of epigenetic events and biomarkers is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention of DKD, and for the prevention of the progression of DKD to ESRD. Herein, we will review the latest epigenetic mechanisms involved in the renal pathology of both type 1 (T1DN) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) and highlight the emerging role and possible therapeutic strategies based on the understanding of the role of epigenetics in DKD-associated inflammation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Noncoding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in diabetic vascular complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105520. [PMID: 33639232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is still increasing. Diabetic vascular complications cause major diabetic mobility and include accelerated atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications via numerous mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic alterations, and abnormal proliferation of EC and angiogenesis. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have attracted more attention as they participate in the progression of diabetic vascular complications despite controlled glucose levels and regulate gene expression without altering the genomic sequence. DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation are vital epigenetic modifications and their underlying mechanisms in diabetic vascular complication are still urgently needed to be investigated. Non-coding RNAs (nc RNAs) such as micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circ RNAs) were found to exert transcriptional regulation in diabetic vascular complication. Although nc RNAs are not considered as epigenetic components, they are involved in epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarized the investigations of non-coding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation. Their cross-talks might offer novel insights into the pathology of diabetic vascular complications.
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22
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Samargahndian S. Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111214. [PMID: 33450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new drugs that triggered the molecular target. Curcumin is the main ingredient of Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has been used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases for years. Numerous investigations have indicated the beneficial effect of Curcumin in modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects of Curcumin against CVDs have been indicated in several studies. In the current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's protective effects against various CVDs and potential molecular signaling targets of Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed to discover the exact molecular target of Curcumin against CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19968 35115, Iran
| | - Saeed Samargahndian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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23
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Lu HC, Dai WN, He LY. Epigenetic Histone Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:329-344. [PMID: 33519221 PMCID: PMC7837569 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s288500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the main complication of diabetes mellitus, is the primary cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the most common chronic kidney disease. Overall, 30-40% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes eventually develop DKD. Although some diabetes patients have intensified glycemic control, they still develop diabetic kidney disease. Current treatment methods can alleviate but do not markedly halt disease development, resulting in renal failure and severe complications, even contributing to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. DKD is a disease with interactions of genes and the environment. Emerging evidence indicates that DKD-associated key genes are also regulated by the epigenetic mechanism. Recently, increasing researches involving cells and experimental animals demonstrated that histone post-translational modifications can mediate gene expression, which correlated with diabetic kidney disease. Novel therapeutic strategies for epigenetic events could be beneficial for the early detection and treatment of DKD to prevent it from developing into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this review, we discuss prior findings in the field of histone modifications in DKD, especially histone acetylation and histone methylation. We then focus on recent developments in histone acetylation and methylation involved in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li-Yu He Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8673185292064Fax +8673185295843 Email
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24
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Bansal A, Balasubramanian S, Dhawan S, Leung A, Chen Z, Natarajan R. Integrative Omics Analyses Reveal Epigenetic Memory in Diabetic Renal Cells Regulating Genes Associated With Kidney Dysfunction. Diabetes 2020; 69:2490-2502. [PMID: 32747424 PMCID: PMC7576555 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Epigenetics has been associated with metabolic memory in which prior periods of hyperglycemia enhance the future risk of developing DKD despite subsequent glycemic control. To understand the mechanistic role of such epigenetic memory in human DKD and to identify new therapeutic targets, we profiled gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) derived from subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D-PTECs displayed persistent gene expression and epigenetic changes with and without transforming growth factor-β1 treatment, even after culturing in vitro under similar conditions as nondiabetic PTECs, signified by deregulation of fibrotic and transport-associated genes (TAGs). Motif analysis of differential DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility regions associated with genes differentially regulated in T2D revealed enrichment for SMAD3, HNF4A, and CTCF transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, the downregulation of several TAGs in T2D (including CLDN10, CLDN14, CLDN16, SLC16A2, and SLC16A5) was associated with promoter hypermethylation, decreased chromatin accessibility, and reduced enrichment of HNF4A, histone H3-lysine-27-acetylation, and CTCF. Together, these integrative analyses reveal epigenetic memory underlying the deregulation of key target genes in T2D-PTECs that may contribute to sustained renal dysfunction in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bansal
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sreeram Balasubramanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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25
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Targeting chromatin dysregulation in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:64-72. [PMID: 32900600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis leads to destruction of organ architecture accompanied by chronic inflammation and loss of function. Fibrosis affects nearly every organ in the body and accounts for ∼45% of total deaths worldwide. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms leading to organ fibrosis. However, we are limited with therapeutic options and there is a significant need to develop highly effective anti-fibrotic therapies. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have advanced the burgeoning field of epigenetics towards molecular understanding at a higher resolution. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in chromatin regulatory processes, specifically DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones, and chromatin remodeling complexes in kidney, liver and lung fibrosis. Although this research field is young, we discuss new strategies for potential therapeutic interventions for treating organ fibrosis.
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Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107613. [PMID: 32505477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia, which refers to the elevated levels of glucose in the blood, due to the inability of the body to produce or use insulin effectively. Chronic hyperglycemia levels lead to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The macrovascular complications consist of peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases, while the microvascular complications comprise of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in mediating both macrovascular and microvascular complications under hyperglycemic conditions. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damage to the vascular endothelium through - (i) activation of four biochemical pathways, namely the Polyol pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway and hexosamine pathway, all of which commutes glucose and its intermediates leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, (ii) dysregulation of growth factors and cytokines, (iii) epigenetic changes which concern the changes in DNA as a response to intracellular changes, and (iv) abnormalities in non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. This review will focus on gaining an understanding of the molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, to increase our understanding towards the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat diabetes-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Paul
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (Dunedin), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Epigenetic Modifiers as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114113. [PMID: 32526941 PMCID: PMC7312774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide. Epigenetic regulators control gene expression and are potential therapeutic targets. There is functional interventional evidence for a role of DNA methylation and the histone post-translational modifications-histone methylation, acetylation and crotonylation-in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, including diabetic kidney disease. Readers of epigenetic marks, such as bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) proteins, are also therapeutic targets. Thus, the BD2 selective BET inhibitor apabetalone was the first epigenetic regulator to undergo phase-3 clinical trials in diabetic kidney disease with an endpoint of kidney function. The direct therapeutic modulation of epigenetic features is possible through pharmacological modulators of the specific enzymes involved and through the therapeutic use of the required substrates. Of further interest is the characterization of potential indirect effects of nephroprotective drugs on epigenetic regulation. Thus, SGLT2 inhibitors increase the circulating and tissue levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, a molecule that generates a specific histone modification, β-hydroxybutyrylation, which has been associated with the beneficial health effects of fasting. To what extent this impact on epigenetic regulation may underlie or contribute to the so-far unclear molecular mechanisms of cardio- and nephroprotection offered by SGLT2 inhibitors merits further in-depth studies.
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Cappelli C, Tellez A, Jara C, Alarcón S, Torres A, Mendoza P, Podestá L, Flores C, Quezada C, Oyarzún C, San Martín R. The TGF-β profibrotic cascade targets ecto-5'-nucleotidase gene in proximal tubule epithelial cells and is a traceable marker of progressive diabetic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165796. [PMID: 32289379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN) and loss of renal function correlate with kidney fibrosis. Crosstalk between TGF-β and adenosinergic signaling contributes to the phenotypic transition of cells and to renal fibrosis in DN models. We evaluated the role of TGF-β on NT5E gene expression coding for the ecto-5`-nucleotidase CD73, the limiting enzyme in extracellular adenosine production. We showed that high d-glucose may predispose HK-2 cells towards active transcription of the proximal promoter region of the NT5E gene while additional TGF-β results in full activation. The epigenetic landscape of the NT5E gene promoter was modified by concurrent TGF-β with occupancy by the p300 co-activator and the phosphorylated forms of the Smad2/3 complex and RNA Pol II. Transcriptional induction at NT5E in response to TGF-β was earlier compared to the classic responsiveness genes PAI-1 and Fn1. CD73 levels and AMPase activity were concomitantly increased by TGF-β in HK-2 cells. Interestingly, we found increased CD73 content in urinary extracellular vesicles only in diabetic patients with renal repercussions. Further, CD73-mediated AMPase activity was increased in the urinary sediment of DN patients. We conclude that the NT5E gene is a target of the profibrotic TGF-β cascade and is a traceable marker of progressive DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cappelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Analia Tellez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alarcón
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angelo Torres
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Mendoza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Loreto Podestá
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Flores
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Metabolic memory and diabetic nephropathy: Beneficial effects of natural epigenetic modifiers. Biochimie 2020; 170:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kato M, Natarajan R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 15:327-345. [PMID: 30894700 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. DKD is an important contributor to the morbidity of patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating a clear need for an improved understanding of disease aetiology to inform the development of more efficacious treatments. DKD is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, hypertrophy and fibrosis in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. Increasing evidence shows that genes associated with these features of DKD are regulated not only by classical signalling pathways but also by epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms can respond to changes in the environment and, importantly, might mediate the persistent long-term expression of DKD-related genes and phenotypes induced by prior glycaemic exposure despite subsequent glycaemic control, a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Detection of epigenetic events during the early stages of DKD could be valuable for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Identification of epigenetic signatures of DKD via epigenome-wide association studies might also inform precision medicine approaches. Here, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in DKD and the translational potential of candidate epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and drug targets for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes renal fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:29. [PMID: 31949126 PMCID: PMC6965618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission acts as a pro-proliferative marker in some cancers and organ fibrosis; its potential role in renal fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis has never been investigated. Here, we showed more pronounced fragmented mitochondria in fibrotic than in non-fibrotic renal fibroblast in humans and mice. In a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (p-Drp1S616) and acetylation of H3K27(H3K27ac) was increased in fibrotic kidneys; pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission by mdivi-1 substantially reduced H3K27ac levels, fibroblasts accumulation, and interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, mdivi-1 treatment was able to attenuate the established renal fibrosis. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, targeting Drp1 using pharmacological inhibitor or siRNA suppressed TGF-β1-elicited cell activation and proliferation, as evidenced by inhibiting expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, as well as by reducing DNA synthesis. In contrast, Drp1 deletion enhanced cell apoptosis, along with decreased mitochondrial fragmentation, mtROS elevation, and glycolytic shift upon TGF-β1 stimulation. In Drp1 deletion fibroblasts, re-expression of wild-type Drp1 rather than Drp1S616A mutant restores the reduction of TGF-β-induced-Drp1 phosphorylation, H3K27ac, and cell activation. Moreover, TGF-β1 treatment increased the enrichment of H3K27ac at the promoters of α-SMA and PCNA, which was reversed in Drp1-knockdown fibroblasts co-transfected with empty vector or Drp1S616A, but not wild-type Drp1. Collectively, our results imply that inhibiting p-Drp1S616-mediated mitochondrial fission attenuates fibroblast activation and proliferation in renal fibrosis through epigenetic regulation of fibrosis-related genes transcription and may serve as a therapeutic target for retarding progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that disrupts and replaces functional parenchyma, which leads to organ failure. It is known as the major pathological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although CKD has an impact on no less than 10% of the world population, therapeutic options are still limited. Regardless of etiology, elevated TGF-β levels are highly correlated with the activated pro-fibrotic pathways and disease progression. TGF-β, the key driver of renal fibrosis, is involved in a dynamic pathophysiological process that leads to CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is becoming clear that epigenetics regulates renal programming, and therefore, the development and progression of renal disease. Indeed, recent evidence shows TGF-β1/Smad signaling regulates renal fibrosis via epigenetic-correlated mechanisms. This review focuses on the function of TGF-β/Smads in renal fibrogenesis, and the role of epigenetics as a regulator of pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Fenizia C, Bottino C, Corbetta S, Fittipaldi R, Floris P, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Cotelli F, Vitale G, Caretti G. SMYD3 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1278-1293. [PMID: 30544196 PMCID: PMC6379668 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SMYD3 is a methylase previously linked to cancer cell invasion and migration. Here we show that SMYD3 favors TGFβ-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mammary epithelial cells, promoting mesenchymal and EMT transcription factors expression. SMYD3 directly interacts with SMAD3 but it is unnecessary for SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Conversely, SMYD3 is indispensable for SMAD3 direct association to EMT genes regulatory regions. Accordingly, SMYD3 knockdown or its pharmacological blockade with the BCI121 inhibitor dramatically reduce TGFβ-induced SMAD3 association to the chromatin. Remarkably, BCI121 treatment attenuates mesenchymal genes transcription in the mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cell line and reduces their invasive ability in vivo, in a zebrafish xenograft model. In addition, clinical datasets analysis revealed that higher SMYD3 levels are linked to a less favorable prognosis in claudin-low breast cancers and to a reduced metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Overall, our data point at SMYD3 as a pivotal SMAD3 cofactor that promotes TGFβ-dependent mesenchymal gene expression and cell migration in breast cancer, and support SMYD3 as a promising pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bottino
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Corbetta
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fittipaldi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Floris
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Shimoda H, Doi S, Nakashima A, Sasaki K, Doi T, Masaki T. Inhibition of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1/WDR5 complex attenuates renal senescence in ischemia reperfusion mice by reduction of p16 INK4a. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1162-1175. [PMID: 31570196 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal function declines with aging and is pathologically characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Renal senescence is induced not only by aging but also by various stimuli, including ischemia reperfusion injury. Recently, the accumulation of p16INK4a-positive cells in the kidney has been considered a molecular feature of renal senescence, with the p16INK4a gene reportedly regulated by mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1)/WD-40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5)-mediated histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Here, we determined whether inhibition of MLL1/WDR5 activity attenuates renal senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with ischemia reperfusion injury and in cultured rat renal fibroblasts. MM-102 or OICR-9429, both MLL1/WDR5 protein-protein interaction inhibitors, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for MLL1 or WDR5 suppressed the expression of p16INK4a in mice with ischemia reperfusion injury, accompanied by downregulation of H3K4me3 expression. MM-102 attenuated renal fibrosis and inflammation in the kidney of mice with ischemia reperfusion injury. Moreover, in vitro study showed that transforming growth factor-β1 induced the expression of MLL1, WDR5, H3K4me3, and p16INK4a. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the p16INK4a promoter at an H3K4me3 site in renal fibroblasts. Thus, our findings show that H3K4me3 inhibition ameliorates ischemia reperfusion-induced renal senescence along with fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Shimoda
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Jia Y, Reddy MA, Das S, Oh HJ, Abdollahi M, Yuan H, Zhang E, Lanting L, Wang M, Natarajan R. Dysregulation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in transforming growth factor-β1-induced gene expression in mesangial cells and diabetic kidney. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12695-12707. [PMID: 31266808 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)-induced fibrotic and inflammatory genes in renal mesangial cells (MCs) play important roles in glomerular dysfunction associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). TGF-β regulates gene expression in MCs by altering key chromatin histone modifications at target gene promoters. However, the role of the repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification is unclear. Here we show that TGF-β reduces H3K27me3 at the Ctgf, Serpine1, and Ccl2 gene promoters in rat MCs (RMCs) and reciprocally up-regulates the expression of these pro-fibrotic and inflammatory genes. In parallel, TGF-β down-regulates Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), an H3K27me3 methyltransferase, and decreases its recruitment at Ctgf and Ccl2 but not Serpine1 promoters. Ezh2 knockdown with siRNAs enhances TGF-β-induced expression of these genes, supporting its repressive function. Mechanistically, Ezh2 down-regulation is mediated by TGF-β-induced microRNA, miR-101b, which targets Ezh2 3'-UTR. TGF-β also up-regulates Jmjd3 and Utx in RMCs, suggesting a key role for these H3K27me3 demethylases in H3K27me3 inhibition. In RMCs, Utx knockdown inhibits hypertrophy, a key event in glomerular dysfunction. The H3K27me3 regulators are similarly altered in human and mouse MCs. High glucose inhibits Ezh2 and increases miR-101b in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Furthermore, in kidneys from rodent models of DN, fibrotic genes, miR-101b, and H3K27me3 demethylases are up-regulated, whereas Ezh2 protein levels as well as enrichment of Ezh2 and H3K27me3 at target genes are decreased, demonstrating in vivo relevance. These results suggest that H3K27me3 inhibition by TGF-β via dysregulation of related histone-modifying enzymes and miRNAs augments pathological genes mediating glomerular mesangial dysfunction and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Marpadga A Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, South Korea
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Erli Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Histone Acetylation Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Neprilysin Gene Expressions in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-71. [PMID: 30465518 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181122092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptide system (NPS) alterations are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN), however its epigenetic regulation is still unclear. Interestingly, histone acetylation epigenetically regulates neprilysin expression in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at delineating role of histone acetylation in regulation of NPS in DCM and DN. METHODS Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were used to mimic pathogenesis of DCM and DN. After haemodynamic measurements, all the rat's plasma, heart and kidney were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, protein isolation and western blotting, RT-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Diabetic rats heart and kidney exhibited activation of NF-κB and TGF-β signalling with increased histone acetyl transferases (PCAF/CBP) expressions and augmented H2AK5Ac, H2BK5Ac, H3K18Ac, and H4K8Ac levels. ChIP assay results showed increased enrichment of H3K18Ac and H2BK5Ac at Nppa, Nppb (Heart) and Mme promoter (Heart/Kidney) in diabetic rats. Enrichment of H2AK5Ac was augmented on Nppa and Mme promoters in diabetic heart, while it remained unchanged on Nppb promoter in heart and Mme promoter in kidney. CONCLUSION Augmented histone acetylation at promoter regions of NPS gene(s), at least in a part, is responsible for increased expressions of ANP, BNP and NEP in diabetic heart and kidney. Hence, histone acetylation inhibitors can be considered as novel therapeutic targets against DCM and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
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Kolli RT, Glenn TC, Brown BT, Kaur SP, Barnett LM, Lash LH, Cummings BS. Bromate-induced Changes in p21 DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation in Renal Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:460-473. [PMID: 30649504 PMCID: PMC6432867 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromate (BrO3-) is a water disinfection byproduct (DBP) previously shown to induce nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We recently showed that inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) and histone deacetylase trichostatin A (TSA) increased BrO3- nephrotoxicity whereas altering the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells were sub-chronically exposed to BrO3- or epigenetic inhibitors for 18 days, followed by 9 days of withdrawal. DNA methylation was studied using a modification of bisulfite amplicon sequencing called targeted gene bisulfite sequencing. Basal promoter methylation in the human p21 promoter region was substantially lower than that of the rat DNA. Furthermore, 5-Aza decreased DNA methylation in HEK293 cells at the sis-inducible element at 3 distinct CpG sites located at 691, 855, and 895 bp upstream of transcription start site (TSS). 5-Aza also decreased methylation at the rat p21 promoter about 250 bp upstream of the p21 TSS. In contrast, sub-chronic BrO3- exposure failed to alter methylation in human or rat renal cells. BrO3- exposure altered histone acetylation in NRK cells at the p21 TSS, but not in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, changes in DNA methylation induced by 5-Aza persisted after its removal; however, TSA- and BrO3--induced histone hyperacetylation returned to basal levels after 3 days of withdrawal. These data demonstrate novel sites within the p21 gene that are epigenetically regulated and further show that significant differences exist in the epigenetic landscape between rat and human p21, especially with regards to toxicant-induced changes in histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya T Kolli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Building 101, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Environmental Health Science
| | - Bradley T Brown
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | | | - Lillie M Barnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
| | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic variations have been shown to reveal vulnerability to diabetes and its complications. Although it has become clear that metabolic derangements, especially hyperglycemia, can impose a long-term metabolic memory that predisposes to diabetic complications, the underlying mechanisms remain to be understood. It has been suggested that epigenetics (e.g., histone modification, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs) help link metabolic disruption to aberrancies related to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this review, we discuss the key findings and advances made in the epigenetic risk profile of DKD and provide perspectives on the emerging topics that implicate epigenetics in DKD. RECENT FINDINGS Epigenetic profiles can be profoundly altered in patients with diabetes, in circulating blood cells as well as in renal tissues. These changes provide useful insight into the mechanisms of diabetic kidney injury and progressive kidney dysfunction. Increasing evidence supports the role of epigenetic regulation in DKD. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism and importance of epigenetic changes in the initiation and progression of DKD and to further explore their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the clinical management of patients with diabetes who have a high risk for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science and Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Smith ER, Wigg B, Holt S, Hewitson TD. TGF-β1 modifies histone acetylation and acetyl-coenzyme A metabolism in renal myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F517-F529. [PMID: 30623724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00513.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important modulator of gene expression in fibrosis. This study examined the effect of the pre-eminent fibrogenic cytokine TGF-b1 on histone 3 (H3) acetylation and its regulatory kinetics in renal myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts propagated from rat kidneys after ureteric obstruction were treated with recombinant TGF-b1 or vehicle for 48 hours. TGF-b1 -induced myofibroblast activation was accompanied by a net decrease in total H3 acetylation, although changes in individual marks were variable. This was paralleled by a generalised reduction in histone acetyltransferases (HAT), and divergent changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes at both transcript and protein levels. Globally this was manifest in a reduction in total HAT activity and increase in HDAC activity. TGF-b1 induced a shift in cellular metabolism from oxidative respiration to aerobic glycolysis resulting in reduced acetyl-CoA. The reduction in total H3 acetylation could be rescued by providing exogenous citrate or alternative sources of acetyl-CoA, without ameliorating changes in HAT/HDAC activity. In conclusion, TGF-b1 produces a metabolic reprogramming in renal fibroblasts, with less H3 acetylation through reduced acetylation, increased deacetylation and changes in carbon availability. Our results suggest that acetyl-CoA availability predominates over HAT and HDAC activity as a key determinant of H3 acetylation in response to TGF-b1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Belinda Wigg
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Stephen Holt
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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Hurtado Del Pozo C, Garreta E, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Modeling epigenetic modifications in renal development and disease with organoids and genome editing. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035048. [PMID: 30459215 PMCID: PMC6262817 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial to our comprehension of gene regulation in development and disease. In the past decades, different studies have shown the role of epigenetic modifications and modifiers in renal disease, especially during its progression towards chronic and end-stage renal disease. Thus, the identification of genetic variation associated with chronic kidney disease has resulted in better clinical management of patients. Despite the importance of these findings, the translation of genotype-phenotype data into gene-based medicine in chronic kidney disease populations still lacks faithful cellular or animal models that recapitulate the key aspects of the human kidney. The latest advances in the field of stem cells have shown that it is possible to emulate kidney development and function with organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These have successfully recapitulated not only kidney differentiation, but also the specific phenotypical traits related to kidney function. The combination of this methodology with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has already helped researchers to model different genetic kidney disorders. Nowadays, CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches also allow epigenetic modifications, and thus represent an unprecedented tool for the screening of genetic variants, epigenetic modifications or even changes in chromatin structure that are altered in renal disease. In this Review, we discuss these technical advances in kidney modeling, and offer an overview of the role of epigenetic regulation in kidney development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hurtado Del Pozo
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Rodriguez H, El-Osta A. Epigenetic Contribution to the Development and Progression of Vascular Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1074-1091. [PMID: 29304555 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide is steadily rising. Complications from diabetes, including cardiovascular and renal disease, contribute to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent Advances: Hyperglycemia promotes tissue damage through diverse mechanisms involving increased production of reactive oxygen species. Increased oxidative stress drives changes in chromatin structure that mediate gene expression changes leading to the upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. The epigenetic contribution to diabetes-induced changes in gene expression is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of vascular diabetic complications. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanisms through which stimuli from the diabetic milieu promote epigenetic changes remain poorly understood. In addition, glycemic control constitutes an important factor influencing epigenetic states in diabetes, and the phenomenon of hyperglycemic memory warrants further research. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in diabetes may allow the design of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Furthermore, certain epigenetic markers are detected early during the onset of diabetes and its complications and may prove useful as biomarkers for disease risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Rodriguez
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,3 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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Fan B, Luk AOY, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. MicroRNA and Diabetic Complications: A Clinical Perspective. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1041-1063. [PMID: 28950710 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The rising global prevalence of diabetes and its debilitating complications give rise to significant disability and premature mortality. Due to the silent nature of diabetes and its vascular complications, and limitations in current methods for detection, there is a need for novel biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. Recent Advances: Metabolic memory and epigenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and interact with genetic variants, metabolic factors, and clinical risk factors. Micro(mi)RNAs interact with epigenetic mechanisms and pleiotropically mediate the effects of hyperglycemia on the vasculature. Utilizing mature profiling techniques and platforms, an increasing number of miRNA signatures and interaction networks have been identified for diabetes and its related cardiorenal complications. As a result, these short, single-stranded molecules are emerging as potential diagnostic and predictive tools in human studies, and may function as disease biomarkers, as well as treatment targets. CRITICAL ISSUES However, there is complex interaction between the genome and epigenome. The regulation of miRNAs may differ across species and tissues. Most profiling studies to date lack validation, often requiring large, well-characterized cohorts and reliable normalization strategies. Furthermore, the incremental benefits of miRNAs as biomarkers, beyond prediction provided by traditional risk factors, are critical issues to consider, yet often neglected in published studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS All in all, the future for miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics for diabetic complications appears promising. Improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation, and more well-designed studies utilizing prospective samples would facilitate the translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Fan
- 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China
| | - Andrea On Yan Luk
- 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China .,2 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China
| | - Juliana Chung Ngor Chan
- 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China .,2 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China .,3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China .,4 The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine , Shatin, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China .,2 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, China .,3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China .,4 The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine , Shatin, China
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Chen W, Tang D, Xu Y, Zou Y, Sui W, Dai Y, Diao H. Comprehensive analysis of lysine crotonylation in proteome of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12035. [PMID: 30212933 PMCID: PMC6156053 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) carry epigenetic information to regulate diverse cellular processes at the chromatin level. Crotonylation, one of the most important and common PTMs, plays a key role in the regulation of various biological processes. However, no study has evaluated the role of lysine crotonylation in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHP). METHODS Here, we comparatively evaluated the crotonylation proteome of normal controls (NC) and MHP using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. RESULTS A total of 1109 lysine modification sites distributed on 347 proteins were identified, including 93 and 252 crotonylated upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively. Thus, a decrease in crotonylation of histone proteins was observed in patients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Intensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the crotonylated proteins were distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and extracellular region. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the crotonylated proteins were significantly enriched in the platelet alpha granule lumen, platelet degranulation, and cell adhesion molecule binding. In addition, protein domain, including fibrinogen alpha/beta/gamma chain, zinc finger, and WD40-repeat-containing domain, were significantly enriched in crotonylated proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based functional enrichment analysis revealed that crotonylated proteins were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, cardiac muscle contraction, and hematopoietic cell lineage, all of which have important associations with hemodialysis complications. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the global crotonylation proteome of MHP. Lysine crotonylation was found to play important regulatory roles in pathophysiological processes in MHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yong Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yaoshuang Zou
- Nephrology Department of Guilin No.181 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Nephrology Department of Guilin No.181 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
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Dou C, Liu Z, Tu K, Zhang H, Chen C, Yaqoob U, Wang Y, Wen J, van Deursen J, Sicard D, Tschumperlin D, Zou H, Huang WC, Urrutia R, Shah VH, Kang N. P300 Acetyltransferase Mediates Stiffness-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Into Tumor-Promoting Myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2209-2221.e14. [PMID: 29454793 PMCID: PMC6039101 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to desmoplasia and stiffness of liver metastases by differentiating into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. We investigated whether stiffness due to the presence of tumors increases activation of HSCs into myofibroblasts and their tumor-promoting effects, as well as the role of E1A binding protein p300, a histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription, in these processes. METHODS HSCs were isolated from liver tissues of patients, mice in which the p300 gene was flanked by 2 loxP sites (p300F/F mice), and p300+/+ mice (controls). The HSCs were placed on polyacrylamide gels with precisely defined stiffness, and their activation (differentiation into myofibroblasts) was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses for alpha-smooth muscle actin. In HSCs from mice, the p300 gene was disrupted by cre recombinase. In human HSCs, levels of p300 were knocked down with small hairpin RNAs or a mutant form of p300 that is not phosphorylated by AKT (p300S1834A) was overexpressed. Human HSCs were also cultured with inhibitors of p300 (C646), PI3K signaling to AKT (LY294002), or RHOA (C3 transferase) and effects on stiffness-induced activation were measured. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to identify HSC genes that changed expression levels in response to stiffness. We measured effects of HSC-conditioned media on proliferation of HT29 colon cancer cells and growth of tumors following subcutaneous injection of these cells into mice. MC38 colon cancer cells were injected into portal veins of p300F/Fcre and control mice, and liver metastases were measured. p300F/Fcre and control mice were given intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 to induce liver fibrosis. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and histology. RESULTS Substrate stiffness was sufficient to activate HSCs, leading to nuclear accumulation of p300. Disrupting p300 level or activity blocked stiffness-induced activation of HSCs. In HSCs, substrate stiffness activated AKT signaling via RHOA to induce phosphorylation of p300 at serine 1834; this caused p300 to translocate to the nucleus, where it up-regulated transcription of genes that increase activation of HSCs and metastasis, including CXCL12. MC38 cells, injected into portal veins, formed fewer metastases in livers of p300F/Fcre mice than control mice. Expression of p300 was increased in livers of mice following injection of CCl4; HSC activation and collagen deposition were reduced in livers of p300F/Fcre mice compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice, we found liver stiffness to activate HSC differentiation into myofibroblasts, which required nuclear accumulation of p300. p300 increases HSC expression of genes that promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Dou
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | - Chen Chen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | - Jialing Wen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | - Jan van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hongzhi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 6th Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Raul Urrutia
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ningling Kang, Ph.D., Hormel Institute, 801 16th Ave NE Austin MN 55912. Fax: (507) 437-9606. Phone: (507) 437-9680. . Vijay Shah, M.D., Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55915. Fax: (507) 255-6318. Phone: (507) 255-6028.
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Ichihara M, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. The MEF2A and MEF2D function as scaffold proteins that interact with HDAC1 or p300 in SOD3 expression in THP-1 cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:799-807. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1475730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ichihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Li D, Sun H, Sun WJ, Bao HB, Si SH, Fan JL, Lin P, Cui RJ, Pan YJ, Wen SM, Zheng XL, Yu XG. Role of RbBP5 and H3K4me3 in the vicinity of Snail transcription start site during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cell. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65553-65567. [PMID: 27566588 PMCID: PMC5323174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) occurs in a wide range of tumor types, and has been shown to be crucial for metastasis. Epigenetic modifications of histones contribute to chromatin structure and result in the alterations in gene expression. Tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is associated with the promoters of actively transcribed genes and can serve as a transcriptional on/off switch. RbBP5 is a component of the COMPASS/ -like complex, which catalyzes H3K4me3 formation. In this study, we found that in the process of TGF-Beta1 induced EMT in the prostate cancer cell line DU145, H3K4me3 enrichment and RbBP5 binding increased in the vicinity of Snail (SNAI1) transcription start site. Knocking-down of RbBP5 notably decreased Snail expression and EMT. Recruitment of RbBP5 and formation of H3K4me3 at Snail TSS during EMT depend on binding of SMAD2/3 and CBP at Snail TSS. This study links the SMAD2/3 signal with Snail transcription via a histone modification - H3K4me3. Furthermore, our research also demonstrates that RbBP5 and even WRAD may be a promising therapeutic candidates in treating prostate cancer metastasis, and that DU145 cells maintain their incomplete mesenchymal state in an auto/paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, (Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital), Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia 022150, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Han Si
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Jun Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Si-Min Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Li Y, Li X, He K, Li B, Liu K, Qi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Luo W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2018; 32:2269-2279. [PMID: 29229684 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700891r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide (CP) has demonstrated unique beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but whether and how CP regulates NF-κB and its coactivator, p300, to suppress inducible iNOS and antagonize DN are unknown. iNOS expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, colocalization and binding of NF-κB to p300, binding of NF-κB to the inos promoter, and the bound NF-κB, p300, and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) at binding sites were measured in high glucose-stimulated mesangial cells. We evaluated pathologic changes, iNOS expression, NF-κB, and p300 contents in diabetic rats. We found that CP inhibited iNOS expression and notably prevented colocalization and binding of NF-κB and p300. CP prevented NF-κB from binding to the inos promoter, especially at the distal site, and reduced bound NF-κB, p300, and H3K9ac. N-terminal plus middle fragment could mostly mimic the antagonizing effects of CP against the pathologic changes of DN and equally suppresses renal iNOS expression as CP. In conclusion, CP prevented NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter, and decreased H3K9ac at the binding sites to suppress iNOS expression and antagonize DN, with the effect region identified as N-terminal plus middle fragment.-Li, Y., Li, X., He, K., Li, B., Liu, K., Qi, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Luo, W. C-peptide prevents NF-κB from recruiting p300 and binding to the inos promoter in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunyu He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weigang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Protective effect of α-lipoic acid against radiation-induced fibrosis in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15554-65. [PMID: 26799284 PMCID: PMC4941260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is one of the most common late complications of radiation therapy. We found that α-lipoic acid (α-LA) effectively prevents RIF. In RIF a mouse model, leg contracture assay was used to test the in vivo efficacy of α-LA. α-LA suppressed the expression of pro-fibrotic genes after irradiation, both in vivo and in vitro, and inhibited the up-regulation of TGF-β1-mediated p300/CBP activity. Thus, α-LA prevents radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of NF-κB through inhibition of histone acetyltransferase activity. α-LA is a new therapeutic methods that can be used in the prevention-treatment of RIF.
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Abstract
The novel genome-wide assays of epigenetic marks have resulted in a greater understanding of how genetics and the environment interact in the development and inheritance of diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces epigenetic changes in multiple organs, contributing to diabetic complications. Specific epigenetic-modifying compounds have been developed to erase these modifications, possibly slowing down the onset of diabetes-related complications. The current review is an update of the previously published paper, describing the most recent advances in the epigenetics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fodor
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Cozma
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital CF, Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eddy Karnieli
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Khullar M, Cheema BS, Raut SK. Emerging Evidence of Epigenetic Modifications in Vascular Complication of Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 29085333 PMCID: PMC5649155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes, dietary, and lifestyle factors have been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of diabetes and associated microvascular complications. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and post-transcriptional RNA regulation, are being increasingly recognized as important mediators of the complex interplay between genes and the environment. Recent studies suggest that diabetes-induced dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms resulting in altered gene expression in target cells can lead to diabetes-associated complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and so on, which are the major contributors to diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. Thus, knowledge of dysregulated epigenetic pathways involved in diabetes can provide much needed new drug targets for these diseases. In this review, we constructed our search strategy to highlight the role of DNA methylation, modifications of histones and role of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in vascular complications of diabetes, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Satish K. Raut
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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