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Stojanović M, Todorović D, Gopčević K, Medić A, Labudović Borović M, Despotović S, Djuric D. Effects of Aerobic Treadmill Training on Oxidative Stress Parameters, Metabolic Enzymes, and Histomorphometric Changes in Colon of Rats with Experimentally Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1946. [PMID: 38396625 PMCID: PMC10888247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic treadmill training regimen of four weeks duration on oxidative stress parameters, metabolic enzymes, and histomorphometric changes in the colon of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 10, per group): C, 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day subcutaneous injection (s.c.) 2x/day; H, homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c. 2x/day; CPA, saline (0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day s.c. 2x/day) and an aerobic treadmill training program; and HPA, homocysteine (0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c. 2x/day) and an aerobic treadmill training program. The HPA group had an increased level of malondialdehyde (5.568 ± 0.872 μmol/mg protein, p = 0.0128 vs. CPA (3.080 ± 0.887 μmol/mg protein)), catalase activity (3.195 ± 0.533 U/mg protein, p < 0.0001 vs. C (1.467 ± 0.501 U/mg protein), p = 0.0012 vs. H (1.955 ± 0.293 U/mg protein), and p = 0.0003 vs. CPA (1.789 ± 0.256 U/mg protein)), and total superoxide dismutase activity (9.857 ± 1.566 U/mg protein, p < 0.0001 vs. C (6.738 ± 0.339 U/mg protein), p < 0.0001 vs. H (6.015 ± 0.424 U/mg protein), and p < 0.0001 vs. CPA (5.172 ± 0.284 U/mg protein)) were detected in the rat colon. In the HPA group, higher activities of lactate dehydrogenase (2.675 ± 1.364 mU/mg protein) were detected in comparison to the CPA group (1.198 ± 0.217 mU/mg protein, p = 0.0234) and higher activities of malate dehydrogenase (9.962 (5.752-10.220) mU/mg protein) were detected in comparison to the CPA group (4.727 (4.562-5.299) mU/mg protein, p = 0.0385). Subchronic treadmill training in the rats with hyperhomocysteinemia triggers the colon tissue antioxidant response (by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase) and elicits an increase in metabolic enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase). This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the effects of aerobic exercise on colonic tissues in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, evaluating a range of biological indicators including antioxidant enzyme activity, metabolic enzyme activity, and morphometric parameters, which suggested that exercise may confer protective effects at both the physiological and morphological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stojanović
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Todorović
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopčević
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Medić
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudović Borović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Despotović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Farhi A, Fatima K, Firdaus F. Dual Fluorimetric Sensor for Tandem Detection of Cadmium and Cysteine: An Approach for Designing a Molecular Keypad Lock System. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03588-x. [PMID: 38305988 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A fluorimetric sensor for dual and sensitive detection of Cd2+ ion and Cysteine (based on 2-picolylamine platform) was developed.The sensor was designed and synthesized by simple condensation method and characterized by using common spectroscopic methods. The observations made from the kinetics of absorption and emission profile shows that probe Pdac behaves as ''ON-OFF'' fluorescent quenching sensor for cadmium ions. The probe exhibit selectivity in fluorescence quenching behaviour over other competitive metal ions, and also the Pdac-Cd2+ ensemble behave as an efficient ''OFF-ON'' type sensor for an essential amino acid Cysteine. Moreover, this dual sensing nature of the sensor makes it successfully applied for the designing of a molecular keypad lock system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Farhi
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Farha Firdaus
- Chemistry Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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Matei MN, Popa PȘ, Covaci AM, Chipirliu O, Earar K, Stoica G, Zaharia AE, Maftei NM, Gurău G, Lisă EL, Zaharescu A. The Impact of Competitive Sports on Oral Health: Exploring Their Relationship with Salivary Oxidative Stress in Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2927. [PMID: 37998419 PMCID: PMC10671230 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This article explores the correlation between salivary biomarkers, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and their association with oral health for children in competitive sports. Saliva has emerged as a valuable resource for evaluating physiological and pathological conditions due to its non-invasive collection method and easy storage. This study examines the potential of GPX, TAC, and SOD as salivary biomarkers for assessing the impact of competitive sports on children's oral health. It discusses the potential implications of increased oxidative stress due to intense physical activity and the role of antioxidant defense mechanisms in maintaining oral health. In total, 173 children aged between 6 and 17 were divided into three groups, 58 hockey players, 55 football players, and 60 in the control group, and examined to assess their oral hygiene and dental and periodontal health. Saliva was collected, centrifuged, and the supernatant was analyzed for the relevant biomarkers. The findings seem to suggest that salivary biomarkers, like GPX, TAC, and SOD, might serve as indicators of the physiological response to competitive sports in children, as well as indicators of oral health, especially dental cavities, and periodontal disease. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups, with better values for athletes, regardless of age, sex, or activity type. Understanding the relationship between salivary biomarkers and competitive sports in children can have significant implications for monitoring and optimizing the health and performance of young athletes. Further research is needed to establish the specific associations between these biomarkers and the effects of several types and intensities of sports activities on oral health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Șerban Popa
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, 800181 Galați, Romania
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Alexa AI, Zamfir CL, Bogdănici CM, Oancea A, Maștaleru A, Abdulan IM, Brănișteanu DC, Ciobîcă A, Balmuș M, Stratulat-Alexa T, Ciuntu RE, Severin F, Mocanu M, Leon MM. The Impact of Chronic Stress on Behavior and Body Mass in New Animal Models. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1492. [PMID: 37891859 PMCID: PMC10605805 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exposure to different sources of stress can have a significant effect on both psychological and physical processes. (2) Methods: The study took place over a period of 34 days and included a total of 40 animals. Regarding the exposure to chronic stressors, we opted for physiological, non-invasive stressors, e.g., running, swimming, and changes in the intensity of light. An unforeseen stress batch was also created that alternated all these stress factors. The animals were divided into five experimental groups, each consisting of eight individuals. In the context of conducting the open field test for behavioral assessment before and after stress exposure, we aimed to investigate the impact of stress exposure on the affective traits of the animals. We also monitored body mass every two days. (3) Results: The control group exhibited an average increase in weight of approximately 30%. The groups exposed to stress factors showed slower growth rates, the lowest being the running group, recording a rate of 20.55%, and the unpredictable stress group at 24.02%. The anxious behavior intensified in the group with unforeseen stress, in the one with light variations, and in the running group. (4) Conclusions: Our research validates the animal model of intermittent light exposure during the dark phase as a novel method of inducing stress. The modification of some anxiety parameters was observed; they vary according to the type of stress. Body mass was found to increase in all groups, especially in the sedentary groups, likely due to the absence of cognitive, spatial, and social stimuli except for cohabitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisia Iuliana Alexa
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir
- Department of Morpho-Funcțional Sciences I, Discipline of Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Camelia Margareta Bogdănici
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Andra Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Irina Mihaela Abdulan
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Alin Ciobîcă
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str Splaiul Independentei no. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Pacurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Miruna Balmuș
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Teodora Stratulat-Alexa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Discipline of Oncology-Radiation Therapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Roxana Elena Ciuntu
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.I.A.); (C.M.B.); (D.C.B.); (R.E.C.)
| | - Florentina Severin
- Department of Surgery II, Discipline of Oto Rhino Laryngology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Mocanu
- Department of Medical Health III, Discipline of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (I.M.A.); (M.M.L.)
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Lubbe C, Meyer LCR, Kohn TA, Harvey BH, Wolmarans DW. The pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis in ungulates and rats: towards the development of a rodent model of capture myopathy. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:361-371. [PMID: 36334218 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capture myopathy (CM), which is associated with the capture and translocation of wildlife, is a life-threatening condition that causes noteworthy morbidity and mortality in captured animals. Such wildlife deaths have a significant impact on nature conservation efforts and the socio-economic wellbeing of communities reliant on ecotourism. Several strategies are used to minimise the adverse consequences associated with wildlife capture, especially in ungulates, but no successful preventative or curative measures have yet been developed. The primary cause of death in wild animals diagnosed with CM stems from kidney or multiple organ failure as secondary complications to capture-induced rhabdomyolysis. Ergo, the development of accurate and robust model frameworks is vital to improve our understanding of CM. Still, since CM-related complications are borne from biological and behavioural factors that may be unique to wildlife, e.g. skeletal muscle architecture or flighty nature, certain differences between the physiology and stress responses of wildlife and rodents need consideration in such endeavours. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarise some of the major etiological and pathological mechanisms of the condition as it is observed in wildlife and what is currently known of CM-like syndromes, i.e. rhabdomyolysis, in laboratory rats. Additionally, we will highlight some key aspects for consideration in the development and application of potential future rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lubbe
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Center for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tertius A Kohn
- Center for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - De Wet Wolmarans
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Adropin increases with swimming exercise and exerts a protective effect on the brain of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111972. [PMID: 36216130 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adropin is a protein in the brain that decreases with age. Exercise has a protective effect on the endothelium by increasing the level of adropin in circulation. In this study, whether adropin, whose level in the brain decreases with age, may increase with swimming exercise, and exhibit a protective effect was investigated. Young and aged male Sprague Dawley rats were submitted to 1 h of swimming exercise every day for 8 weeks. Motor activity parameters were recorded at the end of the exercise or waiting periods before the animals were euthanized. Increased motor functions were observed in only the young rats that exercised regularly. Adropin levels in the plasma, and the adropin and VEGFR2 immunoreactivities and p-Akt (Ser473) levels in the frontal cortex were significantly increased in the aged rats that exercised regularly. It was also observed that the BAX/Bcl2 ratio and ROS-RNS levels decreased, while the TAC levels increased in the aged rats that exercised regularly. The results of the study indicated that low-moderate chronic swimming exercise had protective effects by increasing the level of adropin in the frontal cortex tissues of the aged rats. Adropin is thought to achieve this effect by increasing the VEGFR2 expression level and causing Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. These results indicated that an exercise-mediated increase in endogenous adropin may be effective in preventing the destructive effects of aging on the brain.
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Pugliese G, Trefz P, Weippert M, Pollex J, Bruhn S, Schubert JK, Miekisch W, Sukul P. Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946401. [PMID: 36035465 PMCID: PMC9412033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points. Respiratory-cardiac parameters and exhalation of several blood-borne volatiles changed continuously with the course of exercise and increasing workloads. Exhaled volatiles mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic effects and depended on the origin and/or physicochemical properties of the substances. At the maximum workload, endogenous isoprene, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide, acetaldehyde, butanal, butyric acid and acetone concentrations decreased significantly by 74, 25, 35, 46, 21, 2 and 2%, respectively. Observed trends in exogenous cyclohexadiene and acetonitrile mimicked isoprene profile due to their similar solubility and volatility. Assignment of anaerobic threshold was possible via breath acetone. Breathomics enabled instant profiling of physio-metabolic effects and anaerobic thresholds during exercise. Profiles of exhaled volatiles indicated effects from muscular vasoconstriction, compartmental distribution of perfusion, extra-alveolar gas-exchange and energy homeostasis. Sulfur containing compounds and butyric acid turned out to be interesting for investigations of combined diet and exercise programs. Reproducible metabolic breath patterns have enhanced scopes of breathomics in sports science/medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pugliese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Pollex
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Pritam Sukul,
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Boukazoula F, Ayari D. Effect of milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) supplementation on the serum levels of oxidative stress markers in male half marathon athletes. Biomarkers 2022; 27:461-469. [PMID: 35315713 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2056921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased aerobic metabolism during exercise is a potential source of oxidative stress and the use of herbal medicines as a dietary supplement rich in antioxidants is an interesting and controversial concept that have been considered during the past decades. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Silybum marianum (SM) on exercise-induced oxidative stress in half marathon athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical Analysis in aqueous extract of SM leaves and seeds were determined. Forty healthy male athletes were divided into four groups (n = 10): control group(G1), G2 supplemented with 100 mg of SM leaves/kg/day, G3 supplemented with 100 mg of SM seeds/kg/day, and G4 supplemented with 100 mg of SM leaves + seeds/kg/day. The effects of SM on malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)] were assessed. RESULTS Aqueous extract of SM leaves have good DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the highest content of total polyphenols. A significant increase of serum SOD, CAT, and GSH levels and reduction in the levels of MDA in the serum of athletes supplemented with aqueous extract of seeds and leaves of SM was detected. CONCLUSION SM supplement offered protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Boukazoula
- Department of Basic Education, Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sporting Activities, Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia University, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Djamila Ayari
- Laboratory for Terrestrial and Aquatics Ecosystems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Mohamed-Cherif Messadia University, Souk Ahras, Algeria
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Konopka A, Atkin JD. The Role of DNA Damage in Neural Plasticity in Physiology and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:836885. [PMID: 35813507 PMCID: PMC9259845 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.836885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to DNA is generally considered to be a harmful process associated with aging and aging-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases that involve the selective death of specific groups of neurons. However, recent studies have provided evidence that DNA damage and its subsequent repair are important processes in the physiology and normal function of neurons. Neurons are unique cells that form new neural connections throughout life by growth and re-organisation in response to various stimuli. This “plasticity” is essential for cognitive processes such as learning and memory as well as brain development, sensorial training, and recovery from brain lesions. Interestingly, recent evidence has suggested that the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, the most toxic form of damage, is a physiological process that modifies gene expression during normal brain activity. Together with subsequent DNA repair, this is thought to underlie neural plasticity and thus control neuronal function. Interestingly, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington’s disease, manifest by a decline in cognitive functions, which are governed by plasticity. This suggests that DNA damage and DNA repair processes that normally function in neural plasticity may contribute to neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize current understanding about the relationship between DNA damage and neural plasticity in physiological conditions, as well as in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konopka
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anna Konopka
| | - Julie D. Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rahmati M, Keshvari M, Xie W, Yang G, Jin H, Li H, Chehelcheraghi F, Li Y. Resistance training and Urtica dioica increase neurotrophin levels and improve cognitive function by increasing age in the hippocampus of rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113306. [PMID: 35738179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major factors in accelerating brain aging. Consumption of some traditional herbs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties such as Urtica dioica extract (Ud) and resistance training (RT) may be effective in controlling premature aging and memory impairment. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combined effect of RT and Ud might play an essential role in preventing memory disorders and hippocampal tissue changes caused by increasing age in rats. METHODS 28 male Wistar rats (24-week) were divided into 4-groups (n = 7): control (C), Ud, RT, and Ud+RT. RT groups were trained for five weeks, and Ud extract in the 0.0166 w/v concentration (50 mg/kg, oral/daily) was administered. We also examined the effects of RT and Ud on the behavioral (memory and learning), histological (the morphological changes in the dentate gyrus), and transcript aspects of hippocampal tissue. RESULTS Aging led to karyopyknosis in the hippocampal tissue, which was alleviated by RT and Ud supplementation. RT and Ud were accompanied by increased GPx, GSH, GAP-43, and decreased CAP-1 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, RT and Ud led to increased NGF, BDNF, and GAP-43 levels, decreased MDA, and protection of hippocampal tissue from karyopyknosis, which was associated with cognitive improvement. However, these interventions had no significant effect on the hippocampal levels of IL-1β, SOD, and CAT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increasing age decreases hippocampal NGF, BDNF, and GAP-43 levels and impairs cognition, which may be reversed by regular RT and Ud extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Hongfu Jin
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Lorestan University Medical of Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yusheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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Rose GA, Davies RG, Appadurai IR, Williams IM, Bashir M, Berg RMG, Poole DC, Bailey DM. 'Fit for surgery': The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and postoperative outcomes. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:787-799. [PMID: 35579479 PMCID: PMC9545112 DOI: 10.1113/ep090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the topic of this review? The relationships and physiological mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients undergoing major intra‐abdominal surgery. What advances does it highlight? Elevated CRF reduces postoperative morbidity/mortality, thus highlighting the importance of CRF as an independent risk factor. The vascular protection afforded by exercise prehabilitation can further improve surgical risk stratification and postoperative outcomes.
Abstract Surgery accounts for 7.7% of all deaths globally and the number of procedures is increasing annually. A patient's ‘fitness for surgery’ describes the ability to tolerate a physiological insult, fundamental to risk assessment and care planning. We have evolved as obligate aerobes that rely on oxygen (O2). Systemic O2 consumption can be measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) providing objective metrics of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Impaired CRF is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity. The perioperative period is associated with increased O2 demand, which if not met leads to O2 deficit, the magnitude and duration of which dictates organ failure and ultimately death. CRF is by far the greatest modifiable risk factor, and optimal exercise interventions are currently under investigation in patient prehabilitation programmes. However, current practice demonstrates potential for up to 60% of patients, who undergo preoperative CPET, to have their fitness incorrectly stratified. To optimise this work we must improve the detection of CRF and reduce potential for interpretive error that may misinform risk classification and subsequent patient care, better quantify risk by expressing the power of CRF to predict mortality and morbidity compared to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and improve patient interventions with the capacity to further enhance vascular adaptation. Thus, a better understanding of CRF, used to determine fitness for surgery, will enable both clinicians and exercise physiologists to further refine patient care and management to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Rose
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Richard G Davies
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian R Appadurai
- Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian M Williams
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mohammad Bashir
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ronan M G Berg
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, USA
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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12
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Chaijan M, Chaijan S, Panya A, Nisoa M, Cheong LZ, Panpipat W. Combined effects of prior plasma-activated water soaking and whey protein isolate-ginger extract coating on the cold storage stability of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) steak. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Low-intensity exercise improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged female rats with metabolic syndrome. Exp Gerontol 2022; 160:111711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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The Therapeutic Role of Exercise and Probiotics in Stressful Brain Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073610. [PMID: 35408972 PMCID: PMC8998860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in the progression of multiple neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, ischemic stroke, and head and spinal cord injury. The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, altered metal homeostasis, and compromised brain antioxidant defence. All these changes have been reported to directly affect synaptic activity and neurotransmission in neurons, leading to cognitive dysfunction. In this context two non-invasive strategies could be employed in an attempt to improve the aforementioned stressful brain status. In this regard, it has been shown that exercise could increase the resistance against oxidative stress, thus providing enhanced neuroprotection. Indeed, there is evidence suggesting that regular physical exercise diminishes BBB permeability as it reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the differential effects of different types of exercise (aerobic exhausted exercise, anaerobic exercise, or the combination of both types) and the duration of physical activity will be also addressed in this review as likely determinants of therapeutic efficacy. The second proposed strategy is related to the use of probiotics, which can also reduce some biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, although their underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Moreover, various probiotics produce neuroactive molecules that directly or indirectly impact signalling in the brain. In this review, we will discuss how physical activity can be incorporated as a component of therapeutic strategies in oxidative stress-based neurological disorders along with the augmentation of probiotics intake.
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15
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Nitrite Concentration in the Striated Muscles Is Reversely Related to Myoglobin and Mitochondrial Proteins Content in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052686. [PMID: 35269826 PMCID: PMC8910716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are an important reservoir of nitric oxide (NO•) stored in the form of nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] (NOx). Nitrite, which can be reduced to NO• under hypoxic and acidotic conditions, is considered a physiologically relevant, direct source of bioactive NO•. The aim of the present study was to determine the basal levels of NOx in striated muscles (including rat heart and locomotory muscles) with varied contents of tissue nitrite reductases, such as myoglobin and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins (ETC-proteins). Muscle NOx was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method. Muscle proteins were evaluated using western-immunoblotting. We found that oxidative muscles with a higher content of ETC-proteins and myoglobin (such as the heart and slow-twitch locomotory muscles) have lower [NO2−] compared to fast-twitch muscles with a lower content of those proteins. The muscle type had no observed effect on the [NO3−]. Our results demonstrated that fast-twitch muscles possess greater potential to generate NO• via nitrite reduction than slow-twitch muscles and the heart. This property might be of special importance for fast skeletal muscles during strenuous exercise and/or hypoxia since it might support muscle blood flow via additional NO• provision (acidic/hypoxic vasodilation) and delay muscle fatigue.
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16
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A 10-day mild treadmill exercise performed before an epileptic seizure alleviates oxidative injury in the skeletal muscle and brain tissues of the rats. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1056192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Dominiak K, Galganski L, Budzinska A, Woyda-Ploszczyca A, Zoladz JA, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Effects of Endurance Training on the Coenzyme Q Redox State in Rat Heart, Liver, and Brain at the Tissue and Mitochondrial Levels: Implications for Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Respiratory Chain Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020896. [PMID: 35055078 PMCID: PMC8778810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixteen adult, 4-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the training group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). We elucidated the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training on coenzyme Q (Q) content and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the tissue level and in isolated mitochondria of the rat heart, liver and brain. We demonstrated that endurance training enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in all tested organs, while a significant increase in the Q redox state was observed in the heart and brain, indicating an elevated level of QH2 as an antioxidant. Moreover, endurance training increased the mQH2 antioxidant pool in the mitochondria of the heart and liver, but not in the brain. At the tissue and isolated mitochondria level, an increase in ROS formation was only observed in the heart. ROS formation observed in the mitochondria of individual rat tissues after training may be associated with changes in the activity/amount of individual components of the oxidative phosphorylation system and its molecular organization, as well as with the size of the oxidized pool of mitochondrial Q acting as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain. Our results indicate that tissue-dependent changes induced by endurance training in the cellular and mitochondrial QH2 pool acting as an antioxidant and in the mitochondrial Q pool serving the respiratory chain may serve important roles in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis and the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dominiak
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Lukasz Galganski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.J.)
| | - Adrianna Budzinska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Andrzej Woyda-Ploszczyca
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.J.)
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18
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High hydrogen peroxide concentration-low exposure time of plasma-activated water (PAW): A novel approach for shelf-life extension of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) steak. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Chu-Tan JA, Kirkby M, Natoli R. Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 50:74-90. [PMID: 34741489 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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20
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Costa-Beber LC, Heck TG, Fiorin PBG, Ludwig MS. HSP70 as a biomarker of the thin threshold between benefit and injury due to physical exercise when exposed to air pollution. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:889-915. [PMID: 34677749 PMCID: PMC8578518 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has acute and chronic effects on inflammatory balance, metabolic regulation, and redox status. Exercise-induced adaptations are mediated by enhanced 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) levels and an improved heat shock response (HSR). Therefore, exercise could be useful against disease conditions [obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and exposure to atmospheric pollutants] marked by an impaired HSR. However, exercise performed by obese or diabetic subjects under pollution conditions might also be dangerous at certain intensities. Intensity correlates with an increase in HSP70 levels during physical exercise until a critical point at which the effort becomes harmful and impairs the HSR. Establishing a unique biomarker able to indicate the exercise intensity on metabolism and cellular fatigue is essential to ensure adequate and safe exercise recommendations for individuals with obesity or DM who require exercise to improve their metabolic status and live in polluted regions. In this review, we examined the available evidence supporting our hypothesis that HSP70 could serve as a biomarker for determining the optimal exercise intensity for subjects with obesity or diabetes when exposed to air pollution and establishing the fine threshold between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory exercise effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario -, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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21
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Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111520. [PMID: 34768950 PMCID: PMC8583788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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22
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Liang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang J, Xie J, Chen N. Exercise-Induced Benefits for Alzheimer's Disease by Stimulating Mitophagy and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755665. [PMID: 34658846 PMCID: PMC8519401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria due to their higher bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of aging-related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the accumulation of dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria has been reported as an early stage that significantly facilitates the progression of AD. Mitochondrial damage causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and further leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Although there is an intricate parallel relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD, their triggering factors, such as Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and action time, are still unclear. Moreover, many studies have confirmed abnormal mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics and functions will present once the mitochondrial quality control is impaired, thus leading to aggravated AD pathological changes. Accumulating evidence shows beneficial effects of appropriate exercise on improved mitophagy and mitochondrial function to promote mitochondrial plasticity, reduce oxidative stress, enhance cognitive capacity and reduce the risks of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Therefore, stimulating mitophagy and optimizing mitochondrial function through exercise may forestall the neurodegenerative process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juying Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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23
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A Blood Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows That Oxidation State of Albumin Correlates with Protein Oxidation and Damage in Mdx Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081241. [PMID: 34439489 PMCID: PMC8389308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle wasting disease with no cure. While the precise mechanisms of progressive dystropathology remain unclear, oxidative stress caused by excessive generation of oxidants is strongly implicated. Blood biomarkers that could track oxidant levels in tissues would be valuable to measure the effectiveness of clinical treatments for DMD; our research has focused on developing such biomarkers. One target of oxidants that has the potential to be harnessed as a clinical biomarker is the thiol side chain of cysteine 34 (Cys34) of the blood protein albumin. This study using the mdx mouse model of DMD shows that in plasma, albumin Cys34 undergoes thiol oxidation and these changes correlate with levels of protein thiol oxidation and damage of the dystrophic muscles. A comparison with the commonly used biomarker protein carbonylation, confirmed that albumin thiol oxidation is the more sensitive plasma biomarker of oxidative stress occurring in muscle tissue. We show that plasma albumin oxidation reflects muscle dystropathology, as increased after exercise and decreased after taurine treatment of mdx mice. These data support the use of albumin thiol oxidation as a blood biomarker of dystropathology to assist with advancing clinical development of therapies for DMD.
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24
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Costa KB, Leite HR, Garcia BCC, Ottone VO, Mendonça GDR, Cordeiro PJ, Chaves PR, Deus FA, Tossige-Gomes R, Coimbra CC, Rocha-Vieira E. Storage Duration Affects the Quantification of Oxidative Stress Markers in the Gastrocnemius, Heart, and Brain of Mice Submitted to a Maximum Exercise. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 20:3-11. [PMID: 34252291 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sample storage duration on the quantification of oxidative stress markers in the gastrocnemius, heart, and brain of mice submitted to a maximum swimming exercise. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), protein carbonyl derivatives, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were quantified in fresh tissues and in samples stored at -80°C for 1, 3, or 6 months, from exercised (n = 13) and nonexercised mice (n = 13). Except for protein carbonyl derivatives in the heart, the exercise resulted in the modification of all markers in all fresh-evaluated samples (p < 0.001). The storage duration did not modify the effect of exercise on protein carbonyl derivatives and TAC. TBARS was stable for 3 months in the gastrocnemius and for 1 month in frozen heart and brain. Accordingly, the exercise effect on TBARS levels observed in fresh samples was absent in the gastrocnemius frozen for 6 months (p = 0.98) and in the heart and brain frozen for 3 months (p = 0.07 and 0.28, respectively) or more (p = 0.21 for heart and p > 0.99 for brain). In addition, CAT and SOD activities were reduced by storage duration in all tissues evaluated (p < 0.05). Our findings show that sample storage duration alters the quantification of oxidative stress markers in mice submitted to maximum exercise, and its effect is tissue and marker dependent. Some recommendations to achieve more accurate and reproducible data in the exercise physiology and oxidative stress markers field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine B Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Hercules R Leite
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Bruna C C Garcia
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vinicius O Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D R Mendonça
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrício J Cordeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Chaves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Franciele A Deus
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Tossige-Gomes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Candido C Coimbra
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Exercise Biology and Immunometabolism Laboratory, Centro Integrado de Pós-graduacão e Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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Sheini A, Taherpour AA, Farajmand-Amirabadi S, Karampour F, Maghsudi M, Rahbar N. Recovered fluorescence of the Cd-nanocluster-Hg(II) system based on experimental results and computational methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119701. [PMID: 33794422 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human Serum Albumin, a plasma protein existing in abundance, was selected as a template and reducing agent for the formation of CdNCs due to two factors: its stability and low cost. In the presence of human serum albumin (HSA), a selective and sensitive, low-cost, environmental friendly, and label-free off-on fluorescent sensor was synthesized and characterized for a bioaccumulating and toxic heavy metal, Hg2+ and biothiols. HSA - CdNCs can specifically recognize Hg2+ through aggregating NCs and causing fluorescence quenching. Subsequently, with increase in the concentration of biothiols, Hg2+ was eliminated from the surface of NC, while the fluorescence was restored. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) were 55 pM for Hg(II) and 14 nM for GSH, respectively. The assay was capable of detecting Hg2+ ions and GHS at different concentrations in the range of 0.008 to 8530 nM and 7.5-5157 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the appropriate molecular mechanics (MM) as well as quantum mechanical (QM) methods were performed to optimize and the theoretical investigation of the discussed HSA-profile structures and its interactions with the Cd-NCs (one atom of Cd), Hg2+ and glutathione (G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Susangerd 78986, Iran.
| | - Avat Arman Taherpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Karampour
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Faculty of Shariati, Tehran Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Maghsudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Xu M, Li X, Sha JQ, Tong Z, Li Q, Liu C. Hollow POM@MOF-derived Porous NiMo 6 @Co 3 O 4 for Biothiol Colorimetric Detection. Chemistry 2021; 27:9141-9151. [PMID: 33938042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly active and sensitive peroxidase mimics for L -cysteine (L -Cys) colorimetric detection is very important for biotechnology and medical diagnosis. Herein, polyoxometalate-doped porous Co3 O4 composite (NiMo6 @Co3 O4 ) was designed and prepared for the first time. Compared with pure and commercial Co3 O4 , NiMo6 @Co3 O4 (n) composites exhibit the enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activities and stabilities due to the strong synergistic effect between porous Co3 O4 and multi-electron NiMo6 clusters. Moreover, the peroxidase-mimicking activities of NiMo6 @Co3 O4 (n) composites are heavily dependent on the doping mass of NiMo6 , and the optimized NiMo6 @Co3 O4 (2) exhibits the superlative peroxidase-mimicking activity. More importantly, a sensitive L -Cys colorimetric detection is developed with the sensitivity of 0.023 μM-1 and the detection limit at least 0.018 μM in the linear range of 1-20 μM, which is by far the best enzyme-mimetic performances, to the best our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
| | - Jing-Quan Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
| | - Zhibo Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, China
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Place N, Kayser B, Zanou N. The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6479. [PMID: 34204228 PMCID: PMC8235687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson's disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle-brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Jacobs PJ, Oosthuizen MK, Mitchell C, Blount JD, Bennett NC. Oxidative stress in response to heat stress in wild caught Namaqua rock mice, Micaelamys namaquensis. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102958. [PMID: 34016369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modelling of anthropogenic induced climate suggests more frequent and severe heatwaves in the future, which are likely to result in the mass die-off of several species of organisms. Oxidative stress induced by severe heat stress has previously been associated with a reduction in animal cognitive performance, depressed reproduction and lower life expectancy. Little is known about the non-lethal consequences of species should they survive extreme heat exposure. We investigated the oxidative stress experienced by the Namaqua rock mouse, a nocturnal rodent, using two experimental heat stress protocols, a 6 hour acute heat stress protocol without access to water and a 3-day heatwave simulation with ad libitum water. Oxidative stress was determined in the liver, kidney and brain using malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) as markers of oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as markers of antioxidant defence. Incubator heat stress (heat and dehydration stress) was brought about by increasing the body temperatures of animals to 39-40.8 °C for 6 hours. Following incubator heat stress, significantly higher levels of MDA were observed in the liver. Dehydration did not explain the variation in oxidative markers and is likely a combined effect of thermal and dehydration stress. Individual body mass was significantly negatively correlated to kidney SOD and lipid peroxidation. A heatwave was simulated using a temperature cycle that would naturally occur during a heatwave in the species' local habitat, with a maximal ambient temperature of 38 °C. Following the simulated heatwave, SOD activity of the kidney demonstrated significantly lowered activity suggesting oxidative stress. Current heat waves in this species have the potential of causing oxidative stress. Heat and dehydration stress following exacerbated temperatures are likely to incur significant oxidative stress in multiple tissues demonstrating the importance of water availability to allow for rehydration to prevent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Jacobs
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - M K Oosthuizen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - C Mitchell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - J D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - N C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Pan L, An D, Zhu W. Sorghum as a dietary substitute for corn reduces the activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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31
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Idowu SO, Fatokun AA. Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the Rescue: Deploying Machine Learning to Bridge the Biorelevance Gap in Antioxidant Assays. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:16-25. [PMID: 33054529 PMCID: PMC7838339 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320962716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) underlies several diseases. Therapeutic strategies to combat oxidative damage are, therefore, a subject of intense scientific investigation to prevent and treat such diseases, with the use of phytochemical antioxidants, especially polyphenols, being a major part. Polyphenols, however, exhibit structural diversity that determines different mechanisms of antioxidant action, such as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET). They also suffer from inadequate in vivo bioavailability, with their antioxidant bioactivity governed by permeability, gut-wall and first-pass metabolism, and HAT-based ROS trapping. Unfortunately, no current antioxidant assay captures these multiple dimensions to be sufficiently "biorelevant," because the assays tend to be unidimensional, whereas biorelevance requires integration of several inputs. Finding a method to reliably evaluate the antioxidant capacity of these phytochemicals, therefore, remains an unmet need. To address this deficiency, we propose using artificial intelligence (AI)-based machine learning (ML) to relate a polyphenol's antioxidant action as the output variable to molecular descriptors (factors governing in vivo antioxidant activity) as input variables, in the context of a biomarker selectively produced by lipid peroxidation (a consequence of oxidative stress), for example F2-isoprostanes. Support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and Bayesian probabilistic learning are some key algorithms that could be deployed. Such a model will represent a robust predictive tool in assessing biorelevant antioxidant capacity of polyphenols, and thus facilitate the identification or design of antioxidant molecules. The approach will also help to fulfill the principles of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) in using animals in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Olakunle Idowu
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Profiling & Informatics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Amos Akintayo Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R, Vatner DE. Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101194. [PMID: 33091597 PMCID: PMC7710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older population. This review focuses on oxidative stress as a major mechanism limiting longevity in general, and healthful aging, in particular. Accordingly, the first goal of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in limiting longevity, and compare healthful aging and its mechanisms in different longevity models. Secondly, we discuss common signaling pathways involved in protection against oxidative stress in aging and in the associated diseases of aging, e.g., neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Much of the literature has focused on murine models of longevity, which will be discussed first, followed by a comparison with human models of longevity and their relationship to oxidative stress protection. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the different longevity models exhibit the healthful aging features through physiological protective mechanisms related to exercise tolerance and increased β-adrenergic signaling and also protection against diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, cancer, neurological diseases, aging-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac stress and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rotem Naftalovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Chen H. New insights in intestinal oxidative stress damage and the health intervention effects of nutrients: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Jacobs PJ, Oosthuizen MK, Mitchell C, Blount JD, Bennett NC. Heat and dehydration induced oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses following incubator heat stress and a simulated heat wave in wild caught four-striped field mice Rhabdomys dilectus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242279. [PMID: 33186409 PMCID: PMC7665817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat waves are known for their disastrous mass die-off effects due to dehydration and cell damage, but little is known about the non-lethal consequences of surviving severe heat exposure. Severe heat exposure can cause oxidative stress which can have negative consequences on animal cognition, reproduction and life expectancy. We investigated the current oxidative stress experienced by a mesic mouse species, the four striped field mouse, Rhabdomys dilectus through a heat wave simulation with ad lib water and a more severe temperature exposure with minimal water. Wild four striped field mice were caught between 2017 and 2019. We predicted that wild four striped field mice in the heat wave simulation would show less susceptibility to oxidative stress as compared to a more severe heat stress which is likely to occur in the future. Oxidative stress was determined in the liver, kidney and brain using malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) as markers for oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as markers of antioxidant defense. Incubator heat stress was brought about by increasing the body temperatures of animals to 39-40.8°C for 6 hours. A heat wave (one hot day, followed by a 3-day heatwave) was simulated by using temperature cycle that wild four striped field mice would experience in their local habitat (determined through weather station data using temperature and humidity), with maximal ambient temperature of 39°C. The liver and kidney demonstrated no changes in the simulated heat wave, but the liver had significantly higher SOD activity and the kidney had significantly higher lipid peroxidation in the incubator experiment. Dehydration significantly contributed to the increase of these markers, as is evident from the decrease in body mass after the experiment. The brain only showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation following the simulated heat wave with no significant changes following the incubator experiment. The significant increase in lipid peroxidation was not correlated to body mass after the experiment. The magnitude and duration of heat stress, in conjunction with dehydration, played a critical role in the oxidative stress experienced by each tissue, with the results demonstrating the importance of measuring multiple tissues to determine the physiological state of an animal. Current heat waves in this species have the potential of causing oxidative stress in the brain with future heat waves to possibly stress the kidney and liver depending on the hydration state of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Jacobs
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. K. Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C. Mitchell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hori A, Ichihara M, Kimura H, Ogata H, Kondo T, Hotta N. Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Med Gas Res 2020; 10:96-102. [PMID: 33004705 PMCID: PMC8086628 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.296038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is widely accepted as a beneficial option for reducing fat in humans. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H2) augments mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the hypothesis that inhaling H2 could facilitate lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise was investigated in the current study by measuring the breath acetone levels, which could be used as non-invasive indicators of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhaling H2 on breath acetone output during submaximal exercise using a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, and cross-over experimental design. After taking a 20-minute baseline measurement, breath acetone levels were measured in ten male subjects who performed a 60% peak oxygen uptake-intensity cycling exercise for 20 minutes while inhaling either 1% H2 or a control gas. In another experiment, six male subjects remained in a sitting position for 45 minutes while inhaling either 1% H2 or a control gas. H2 significantly augmented breath acetone and enhanced oxygen uptake during exercise (P < 0.01). However, it did not significantly change oxidative stress or antioxidant activity responses to exercise, nor did it significantly alter the breath acetone or oxygen uptake during prolonged resting states. These results suggest that inhaling H2 gas promotes an exercise-induced increase in hepatic lipid metabolism. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Chubu University, Japan (approved No. 260086-2) on March 29, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Hori
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Hayata Kimura
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Ogata
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kondo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Norio Hotta
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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de Souza RF, Augusto RL, de Moraes SRA, de Souza FB, Gonçalves LVDP, Pereira DD, Moreno GMM, de Souza FMA, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Ultra-Endurance Associated With Moderate Exercise in Rats Induces Cerebellar Oxidative Stress and Impairs Reactive GFAP Isoform Profile. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 32982688 PMCID: PMC7492828 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-endurance (UE) race has been associated with brain metabolic changes, but it is still unknown which regions are vulnerable. This study investigated whether high-volume training in rodents, even under moderate intensity, can induce cerebellar oxidative and inflammatory status. Forty-five adult rats were divided into six groups according to a training period, followed or not by an exhaustion test (ET) that simulated UE: control (C), control + ET (C-ET), moderate-volume (MV) training and MV-ET, high-volume training (HV) and HV-ET. The training period was 30 (MV) and 90 (HV) min/day, 5 times/week for 3 months as a continuous running on a treadmill at a maximum velocity of 12 m/min. After 24 h, the ET was performed at 50% maximum velocities up to the animals refused to run, and then serum lactate levels were evaluated. Serum and cerebellar homogenates were obtained 24 h after ET. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and corticosterone levels were assessed. Lipid peroxidation (LP), nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and GFAP proteins, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were quantified in the cerebellum. Serum lactate concentrations were lower in MV-ET (∼20%) and HV-ET (∼40%) compared to the C-ET group. CK and corticosterone levels were increased more than ∼ twofold by HV training compared to control. ET increased CK levels in MV-ET vs. MV group (P = 0.026). HV induced higher LP levels (∼40%), but an additive effect of ET was only seen in the MV-ET group (P = 0.02). SOD activity was higher in all trained groups vs. C and C-ET (P < 0.05). CAT activity, however, was intensified only in the MV group (P < 0.02). The 50 kDa GFAP levels were enhanced in C-ET and MV-ET vs. respective controls, while 42 kDa (∼40%) and 39 kDa (∼26%) isoform levels were reduced. In the HV-ET group, the 50 KDa isoform amount was reduced ∼40-60% compared to the other groups and the 39 KDa isoform, increased sevenfold. LDH levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and NO production were not modified. ET elevated IL-1β levels in the CT and MV groups. Data shows that cerebellar resilience to oxidative damage may be maintained under moderate-volume training, but it is reduced by UE running. High-volume training per se provoked systemic metabolic changes, cerebellar lipid peroxidation, and unbalanced enzymatic antioxidant resource. UE after high-volume training modified the GFAP isoform profile suggesting impaired astrocyte reactivity in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports – GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Ricielle Lopes Augusto
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Arruda de Moraes
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabio Borges de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lílian Vanessa da Penha Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dutra Pereira
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gisele Machado Magalhães Moreno
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Araujo de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Integrative Physiology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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de Andrade Soares R, de Oliveira BC, de Bem GF, de Menezes MP, Romão MH, Santos IB, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCDRM, Nascimento ALR, de Carvalho JJ, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract improves aerobic exercise performance in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109549. [PMID: 32846601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the supplementation with an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) would affect the aerobic exercise performance in rats and correlate with the vascular function, muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sedentary, Sedentary with chronic supplementation of ASE, Training, Training with chronic (200 mg/Kg/day intragastric gavage for 5 weeks) or acute (30 min before the maximal treadmill stress test (MST) supplementation with ASE. The exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30 min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks. The chronic supplementation with ASE increased the exercise time (58%) and the running distance (129%) in relation to the MST, while the Training group increased 40% and 78% and the Training with acute ASE group increased 30% and 63%, respectively. The training-induced increase of ACh vasodilation was not changed by ASE, but the norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was reduced by chronic and acute supplementation with ASE. The increased levels of malondialdehyde in soleus muscle homogenates from the Training group was reduced only by chronic supplementation with ASE. The muscle antioxidant defense, NO2 levels, and expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (PGC1α, SIRT-1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Nrf-2) were not different between Training and Sedentary groups, but all these parameters were increased in the Training with Chronic ASE compared with the Sedentary groups. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with ASE improves aerobic physical performance by increasing the vascular function, reducing the oxidative stress, and up-regulating the mitochondrial biogenesis key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pontes de Menezes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Romão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Rosa Nascimento
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Abdi Gorabi S, Mohammadzadeh H, Rostampour M. The Effects of Ripe Pistachio Hulls Hydroalcoholic Extract and Aerobic Training on Learning and Memory in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:525-534. [PMID: 33613891 PMCID: PMC7878044 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has harmful effects on body functions, such as learning and memory. According to the role of exercise and medicinal plants on body health, the purpose of this study was to survey the effect of combined aerobic training and the use of Ripe Pistachio Hulls (RPH) hydro-alcoholic extract on learning and memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing 250–280 g were used in 6 groups with an equal number of 7 rats in each one. Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg / kg)was used to induce diabetes, and the test protocol was applied for 8 weeks. Passive avoidance memory was assessed using a step-through passive avoidance apparatus (shuttle box). SPSS software was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed that step-through latency in the acquisition trial (STLa) was not significantly different among groups. Step-through latency in retrieval (STLr 24) test significantly reduced and time spent in The Dark Compartment (TDC) decreased in treated groups compared with the diabetic control groups (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the STZ and saline diabetic groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the RPH hydro-alcoholic extract and aerobic exercise could improve passive avoidance memory in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Meanwhile, they might be an adjuvant therapy combined with other traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abdi Gorabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasan Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Paes L, Lima D, Matsuura C, de Souza MDG, Cyrino F, Barbosa C, Ferrão F, Bottino D, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Effects of moderate and high intensity isocaloric aerobic training upon microvascular reactivity and myocardial oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0218228. [PMID: 32032358 PMCID: PMC7006926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and central cardiovascular adaptations may vary in response to chronic exercise performed with different intensities and volumes. This study compared the effects of aerobic training with different intensities but equivalent volume upon microvascular reactivity in cremaster muscle and myocardial biomarkers of oxidative stress in Wistar rats. After peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) assessment, rats (n = 24) were assigned into three groups: moderate-intensity exercise training (MI); high-intensity exercise training (HI); sedentary control (SC). Treadmill training occurred during 4 weeks, with exercise bouts matched by the energy expenditure (3.0–3.5 Kcal). Microvascular reactivity was assessed in vivo by intravital microscopy in cremaster muscle arterioles, while biomarkers of oxidative stress and eNOS expression were quantified at left ventricle and at aorta, respectively. Similar increasing vs. sedentary control group (SC) occurred in moderate intensity training group (MI) and high-intensity training group (HI) for endothelium-dependent vasodilation (10-4M: MI: 168.7%, HI: 164.6% vs. SC: 146.6%, P = 0.0004). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (HI: 0.13 U/mg vs. MI: 0.09 U/mg and SC: 0.06 U/mg; P = 0.02), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (HI: 0.00038 U/mg vs. MI: 0.00034 U/mg and SC: 0.00024 U/mg; P = 0.04), and carbonyl protein content (HI: 0.04 U/mg vs. MI: 0.03 U/mg and SC: 0.01 U/mg; P = 0.003) increased only in HI. No difference across groups was detected for catalase (CAT) (P = 0.12), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P = 0.38) or eNOS expression in aorta (P = 0.44). In conclusion, higher exercise intensity induced greater improvements in myocardium antioxidant defenses, while gains in microvascular reactivity appeared to rely more on exercise volume than intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Paes
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lima
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças de Souza
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Cyrino
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Barbosa
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferrão
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bottino
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Graduate Program in Sciences of Physical Activity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Alterations in the innate immune system due to exhausting exercise in intensively trained rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:967. [PMID: 31969634 PMCID: PMC6976645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that intensive physical activity alters the immune system's functionality. However, the influence of the intensity and duration of exercise needs to be studied in more depth. We aimed to establish the changes in the innate immune response induced by two programmes of intensive training in rats compared to sedentary rats. A short training programme included 2 weeks of intensive training, ending with an exhaustion test (short training with exhaustion, S-TE). A second training programme comprised 5-week training including two exhaustion tests and three trainings per week. In this case, immune status was assessed before (T), immediately after (TE) and 24 h after (TE24) an additional final exhaustion test. Biomarkers such as phagocytic activity, macrophage cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and natural killer (NK) cell activity were quantified. S-TE was not enough to induce changes in the assessed innate immunity biomarkers. However, the second training was accompanied by a decrease in the phagocytic activity, changes in the pattern of cytokine secretion and ROS production by macrophages and reduced NK cell proportion but increased NK cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, a 5-week intense training programme, but not a shorter training, induced alterations in the innate immune system functionality.
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Abstract
Cells are constantly subjected to cytotoxic and genotoxic insults resulting in the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA, which leads to neuronal death. In this way, DNA damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, are neuroprotective and increase brain function by improving cognition, learning, and memory, in addition to regulating the cellular redox milieu. Several mechanisms are associated with the effects of exercise in the brain, such as reduced production of oxidants, up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, and a consequent decrease in nuclear DNA damage. Furthermore, physical exercise is a potential strategy for further DNA damage repair. However, the neuroplasticity molecules that respond to different aspects of physical exercise remain unknown. In this review, we discuss the influence of exercise on DNA damage and adjacent mechanisms in the brain. We discuss the results of several studies that focus on the effects of physical exercise on brain DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Ceresér Vilela
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Aurino de Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3024. [PMID: 31226872 PMCID: PMC6627449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise generates excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to muscle oxidative stress-related damage and impaired contractility. Conversely, a moderate level of free radicals induces the body's adaptive responses. Thus, a low oxidant level in resting muscle is essential for normal force production, and the production of oxidants during each session of physical training increases the body's antioxidant defenses. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have been identified as sources of free radicals during muscle contraction, but the exact mechanisms underlying exercise-induced harmful or beneficial effects yet remain elusive. However, it is clear that redox signaling influences numerous transcriptional activators, which regulate the expression of genes involved in changes in muscle phenotype. The mitogen-activated protein kinase family is one of the main links between cellular oxidant levels and skeletal muscle adaptation. The family components phosphorylate and modulate the activities of hundreds of substrates, including transcription factors involved in cell response to oxidative stress elicited by exercise in skeletal muscle. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, here we reviewed the literature dealing on sources of ROS production and concerning the most important redox signaling pathways, including MAPKs that are involved in the responses to acute and chronic exercise in the muscle, particularly those involved in the induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I-80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Bilginoglu A. Cardiovascular protective effect of pioglitazone on oxidative stress in rats with metabolic syndrome. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:452-456. [PMID: 30932940 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular oxidative stress is examined in type 2 diabetes, there is relatively limited number of reports about the effect of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on cardiovascular oxidative stress in sucrose diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). As a regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis, thioredoxin (TRX) has an important role in defense against oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of pioglitazone on oxidative stress markers and TRX1 level in tissues of both heart and aorta from MetS rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (200 to 250 g in weight) were divided into three groups: control group, MetS group receiving drinking water including 935 mM sucrose, and pioglitazone-treated MetS (MetS-P) group. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured in serum and tissues using commercial kits. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in serum and tissues for experimental groups. TRX1 protein level was measured by western blot. RESULTS The sucrose-fed rats exhibited several characteristics of MetS. In MetS group, AST, LDH, TOS, and MDA levels of heart and aorta tissues increased, whereas TAS and SOD levels of these tissues decreased. TRX1 protein level of heart and aorta tissues decreased in MetS group. Also, in the serum of experimental groups, AST, LDH, and TOS levels increased. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased TRX1 protein level in heart and aorta tissues in MetS group. Pioglitazone affected the TRX1 protein level via regulation of reactive oxygen intermediates. Pioglitazone reduced the elevated oxidative stress in heart and aorta of MetS rats.
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Shen G, Ju W, Liu Y, Guo X, Zhao W, Fang L. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1955. [PMID: 31159445 PMCID: PMC6603927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been heavily investigated for their potential to enhance plant metal resistance in contaminated soil. However, the extent to which plant resistance is associated with the nitrogen (N) supply in symbiont is still uncertain. This study investigates the effect of urea or/and rhizobium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) application on the growth of Medicago sativa and resistance in metals contaminated soil (mainly with Cu). The results show that Cu uptake in plant shoots increased by 41.7%, 69%, and 89.3% with urea treatment, rhizobium inoculation, and their combined treatment, respectively, compared to the control group level. In plant roots, the corresponding values were 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.5-fold higher than the control group values, respectively. Statistical analysis identified that N content was the dominant variable contributing to Cu uptake in plants. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between plant oxidative stress and N content, indicating that N plays a key role in plant resistance. Oxidative damage decreased after rhizobium inoculation as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase in roots and peroxidase in plant shoots) were stimulated, enhancing plant resistance and promoting plant growth. Our results suggest that individual rhizobium inoculation, without urea treatment, is the most recommended approach for effective phytoremediation of contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenliang Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Agriculture Production and Research Division, Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6J8, Canada.
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Lubkowska A, Bryczkowska I, Gutowska I, Rotter I, Marczuk N, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Banfi G. The Effects of Swimming Training in Cold Water on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocytes of Male and Female Aged Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040647. [PMID: 30813224 PMCID: PMC6406484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether eight-week-long swimming exercise training would evaluate the level of selected indicators of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status in response to cold water in comparison with swimming under thermoneutral conditions in sedentary male and female elderly rats. The exercise-trained groups swam four min/day and five days a week during eight weeks of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 °C and 36 °C. At the end of treatment (48 h after the last session), all rats were anaesthetized. The level of chosen biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity was determined in the red blood cells and plasma. The results of study show that female rats seem to be better adapted to changing thermal conditions of the environment, developing not only morphological, but also antioxidant, defense mechanisms, mainly in the form of increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration to restore the pro-oxidant/oxidant balance of the organism. Significantly higher concentrations of GSH were observed in the female rats of the group swimming in cold water (by 15.4% compared to the control group and by 20.5% in relation to the group of female rats swimming at 36 °C). In the group exposed to swimming training exercise in cold water, a significantly higher activity of SOD1 (by 13.4%) was found compared to the control group. On the other hand, the organs of ageing male rats show a reduced capacity to increase the metabolic response to low temperatures compared to female ones. In addition, it was demonstrated that cold exposure leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in tissues. On the other hand, the repeated exposure to low levels of oxidative stress may result in some adaptive changes in organisms that help them to resist stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bryczkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Marczuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine with English Language Teaching Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine with English Language Teaching Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Al-Horani RA, Al-Trad B, Haifawi S. Modulation of cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor and PGC-1α with regular postexercise cold-water immersion of rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1110-1116. [PMID: 30676864 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00918.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and vascular angiogenesis biomarker responses to postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) have not been reported. Therefore, to determine those cardiac adaptations, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: postexercise CWI (CWI; n = 13), exercise only (Ex; n = 12), and untreated control (CON; n = 10). CWI and Ex were trained for 10 wk, 5 sessions/wk, 30-60 min/session. CWI rats were immersed after each session in cold water (15 min at ~12°C). CON remained sedentary. Left ventricle tissue was obtained 48 h after the last exercise session and analyzed for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) protein content and mRNA expression levels. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated. Ex and CWI induced higher PGC-1α protein content compared with CON (1.8 ± 0.6-fold, P < 0.001), which was significantly higher in CWI than Ex rats (P = 0.01). VEGF protein (4.3 ± 3.7-fold) and mRNA (10.1 ± 1.1-fold) were markedly increased only in CWI (P < 0.001) relative to CON. CWI and Ex augmented cardiac Hsp70 protein to a similar level relative to CON (P < 0.05); however, Hsp70 mRNA increased only in Ex (P = 0.002). No further differences were observed between groups. These results suggest that postexercise CWI may further enhance cardiac oxidative capacity by increasing the angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic factors. In addition, CWI does not seem to worsen exercise-induced cardioprotection and oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A regular postexercise cold-water immersion for 10 wk of endurance training augmented the myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and vascular angiogenesis coactivators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor, respectively. In addition, postexercise cold-water immersion did not attenuate the exercise-induced increase in the cardioprotective biomarker heat shock protein 70 kDa or increase exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Saja Haifawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University , Irbid , Jordan
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Droplet digital PCR of serum miR-499, miR-21 and miR-208a for the detection of functionally relevant coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2019; 275:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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A High-Intensity Exercise Boot Camp for Persons With Parkinson Disease: A Phase II, Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Feasibility, Safety, Signal of Efficacy, and Disease Mechanisms. J Neurol Phys Ther 2019; 43:12-25. [DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Piraki P, Hemmatfar A, Samavati Sharif MA, Behpour N. Evaluating the Effect of Vitamin C on Myocardial Angiogenesis Under Oxidative Stress Induced by Exhaustive Exercise in Rat. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of exhaustive swimming with the consumption of a vitamin C supplement on indices of myocardial oxidative stress and gene expression related to angiogenesis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of normal (C), 100 and 200 mg/kg of vitamin C, (VC100 and VC200), exercise with 100 and 200 mg/kg of vitamin C (Ex+VC100 and Ex+VC200) and exercise without treatment (Ex). Finally, the serum activity of serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and heart tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters, besides gene expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT-1) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) was measured. Results: Significant increase in LDH level was seen in group Ex which was remarkably attenuated in group Ex+VC200 (p<0.001). The tissue oxidative stress was observed in group Ex where daily intake of vitamin C could remarkably regulate this property (p<0.01). Vitamin C could ameliorate significant upper gene expression of VEGF-B and MMP-2 remarkably (p<0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative condition in myocardial besides over expression of MMP-2, could be concluded as a detrimental condition resulting from exhaustive swimming that continued by the proteolytic release of CK and LDH from the muscle. Upper gene expression of VEGF-B and MMP-2 besides no changes of ANGPT-1 can be concluded as an early stage of angiogenesis. All these events were somehow attenuated by vitamin C which confirmed its beneficial effects as an antioxidant and the role of oxidation properties in the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Piraki
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hemmatfar
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | | | - Naser Behpour
- Department of Physical Education-Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
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Ünsal C, Ünsal H, Ekici M, Koç Yildirim E, Üner AG, Yildiz M, Güleş Ö, Ekren Aşici GS, Boyacioğlu M, Balkaya M, Belge F. The effects of exhaustive swimming and probiotic administration in trained rats: Oxidative balance of selected organs, colon morphology, and contractility. Physiol Int 2018; 105:309-324. [PMID: 30565473 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The duration and intensity of exercise are significant factors in oxidative, morphological, and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of both exhaustive swimming and probiotic VSL#3 on rats that had been previously trained with moderate swimming. The rats were divided into four groups labeled: control (C), probiotic (P), exercise (E), and probiotic-exercise (PE). Groups P and PE were fed with probiotic mixture VSL#3. Groups E and PE had a 5-week moderate swimming program (1 h/day for 5 days/week), followed by a 1-week exhaustive swimming program (trained like in moderate program but 3 times with 150 min resting sessions, for 5 days/week). At the end of the program, the rats were euthanized. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples from the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and colon. In vitro contractile activity and histomorphology of the colon were also determined. Exercise and/or probiotic decreased the oxidative stress and also increased the level of one or more of the antioxidant enzymes in some of the organs. Probiotics had more pronounced effects on colon morphology than exercise but unexpectedly this effect was non-trophic. In the colon, the thickness of the tunica muscularis and the number of goblet cells were not affected; however, probiotic administration decreased the crypt depth and tunica mucosa thickness. Exercise increased the Emax value of acetylcholine (ACh), while decreased its sensitivity. These findings suggest that exhaustive swimming does not cause oxidative stress and that probiotic consumption improves oxidative balance in trained rats. The probiotic intake does not alter the effect of exercise on the contractile activity of the colon. Colon mucosal changes induced by probiotics are independent of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ünsal
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - H Ünsal
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Ekici
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - E Koç Yildirim
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - A G Üner
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Yildiz
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Çan School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ö Güleş
- 3 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - G S Ekren Aşici
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Boyacioğlu
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Balkaya
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - F Belge
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
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