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Isenmann E, Veit S, Flenker U, Lesch A, Lachenmeier DW, Diel P. Influence of short-term chronic oral cannabidiol application on muscle recovery and performance after an intensive training protocol - a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2337252. [PMID: 38572744 PMCID: PMC10997358 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2337252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementation strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is cannabidiol (CBD) which is gaining more attention in competitive sports. However, the evidence is still lacking and there are no data available about the effect of a short-term chronic application. METHODS A three-arm double-blind cross-over study was conducted to determine the effects of two different CBD products on performance, muscle damage and inflammatory processes in well-trained athletes. In total 17 subjects took successfully part in this study. Each subject underwent the six-day, high-intensity training protocol three times. After each training session, each subject took either a placebo or a CBD product (60 mg of oil or solubilisate). Between the intervention phases, at least four weeks of washout period was conducted. Before and after the training protocols the performance capacity in countermovement jump (CMJ), back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and 1-mile run were measured and biomarkers for muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammatory processes (interleukin 6 and 10) and immune cell activity (ratios of neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and, platelets) were analyzed. For statistical analyses, the current version of R and a linear mixed model was used. RESULTS It could identify different effects of the training protocol depending on performance level (advanced or highly advanced athletes) (p < .05). Regardless of the performance level, muscle damage and a reduction in performance could be induced by the training protocol. Only CBD oil was associated with a reduction in myoglobin concentration (p < .05) in advanced athletes. Concerning immune activity, a significant decrease in platelets lymphocyte ratios was observed in advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < .05). CBD oil application showed a slight inhibitory effect (p < .10). Moreover, the reduction in performance differs between the performance levels. A significant decrease in CMJ was observed in advanced athletes and a decreasing trend in BS was observed in highly advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < 0.10). Both CBD products do not affect performance parameters. For inflammatory parameters, no effects were observed. CONCLUSION It was found that the performance level of the subjects was a decisive factor and that they responded differently to the training protocol and the CBD application. However, no clear effects of either CBD product were found and further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of CBD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- IST Hochschule of Applied Sciences, Department of Fitness and Health, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Veit
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Lesch
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Conkright WR, Kargl CK, Hubal MJ, Tiede DR, Beckner ME, Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Greeves JP, O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Sahu A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Acute Resistance Exercise Modifies Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Targeting Anabolic Gene Pathways: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1225-1232. [PMID: 38377006 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training confers numerous health benefits that are mediated in part by circulating factors. Toward an enhanced molecular understanding, there is growing interest in a class of signaling biomarkers called extracellular vesicles (EV). EVs support physiological adaptations to exercise by transporting their cargo (e.g., microRNA (miRNA)) to target cells. Previous studies of changes in EV cargo have focused on aerobic exercise, with limited data examining the effects of resistance exercise. We examined the effect of acute resistance exercise on circulating EV miRNAs and their predicted target pathways. METHODS Ten participants (5 men; age, 26.9 ± 5.5 yr; height, 173.4 ± 10.5 cm; body mass, 74.0 ± 11.1 kg; body fat, 25.7% ± 11.6%) completed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET) consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions of back squats using 75% one-repetition maximum. Pre-/post-AHRET, EVs were isolated from plasma using size exclusion chromatography, and RNA sequencing was performed. Differentially expressed miRNAs between pre- and post-AHRET EVs were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict target messenger RNAs and their target biological pathways. RESULTS Overall, 34 miRNAs were altered by AHRET ( P < 0.05), targeting 4895 mRNAs, with enrichment of 175 canonical pathways ( P < 0.01), including 12 related to growth/metabolism (p53, IGF-I, STAT3, PPAR, JAK/STAT, growth hormone, WNT/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PI3K/AKT) and 8 to inflammation signaling (TGF-β, IL-8, IL-7, IL-3, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-10). CONCLUSIONS Acute resistance exercise alters EV miRNAs targeting pathways involved in growth, metabolism, and immune function. Circulating EVs may serve as significant adaptive signaling molecules influenced by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chris K Kargl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dakota R Tiede
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kellen T Krajewski
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Wu SI, Lee MC, Chen WL, Huang CC. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 increases ghrelin levels and modulates microbiota composition: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled study. Food Funct 2024; 15:6523-6535. [PMID: 38805370 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Muscle damage can occur due to excessive, high-intensity, or inappropriate exercise. It is crucial for athletes and sports enthusiasts to have access to ways that expedite their recovery and alleviate discomfort. Our previous clinical trial demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and muscle damage-ameliorating properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 (PS23), prompting us to further explore the role of this probiotic in muscle damage recovery. This post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled study investigated potential mediators between the intake of PS23 and the prevention of strength loss after muscle damage. We recruited 105 students from a sports university who had participated in the previously published clinical trial. These participants were randomly allocated to three groups, receiving capsuled live PS23 (L-PS23), heat-treated PS23 (HT-PS23), or a placebo over a period of six weeks. Baseline and endpoint measurements were taken for the levels of circulating ghrelin and other blood markers, stress, mood, quality of life, and the fecal microbiota. A significant increase in ghrelin levels was recorded in the L-PS23 group compared to the other groups. Additionally, both L-PS23 and HT-PS23 interventions led to positive shifts in the gut microbiota composition, particularly in elevated Lacticaseibacillus, Blautia, and Lactobacillus populations. The abundance of these bacteria was positively correlated with exercise performance and inversely correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PS23 may enhance exercise performance and influence muscle damage by increasing ghrelin levels and modulating the gut microbiota composition. Further clarification of the possible mechanisms and clinical implications is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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4
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Juškevičiūtė E, Neuberger E, Eimantas N, Heinkel K, Simon P, Brazaitis M. Cell-free DNA kinetics in response to muscle-damaging exercise: A drop jump study. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38875105 DOI: 10.1113/ep091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
A significant increase in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) occurs with physical exercise, which depends on the type of exertion and the duration. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to investigate the time course of cfDNA and conventional markers of muscle damage from immediately after to 96 h after muscle-damaging exercise; and (2) to investigate the relationship between cfDNA and indicators of primary (low-frequency fatigue and maximal voluntary isometric contraction) and secondary (creatine kinase and delayed-onset muscle soreness) muscle damage in young healthy males. Fourteen participants (age, 22 ± 2 years; weight, 84.4 ± 11.2 kg; height, 184.0 ± 7.4 cm) performed 50 intermittent drop jumps at 20 s intervals. We measured cfDNA and creatine kinase concentrations, maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, low-frequency fatigue and delayed-onset muscle soreness before and at several time points up to 96 h after exercise. Plasma cfDNA levels increased from immediately postexercise until 72 h postexercise (P < 0.01). Elevation of postexercise cfDNA was correlated with both more pronounced low-frequency fatigue (r = -0.52, P = 3.4 × 10-11) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (r = 0.32, P = 0.00019). Levels of cfDNA change in response to severe primary and secondary muscle damage after exercise. Levels of cfDNA exhibit a stronger correlation with variables related to primary muscle damage than to secondary muscle damage, suggesting that cfDNA is a more sensitive marker of acute loss of muscle function than of secondary inflammation or damaged muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Juškevičiūtė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmo Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kirsten Heinkel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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5
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Deyhle MR, Tiede D, Xin L, Hyldahl RD, Hubal MJ. Common Markers of Muscle Damage Are Associated with Divergent Gene Expression Patterns after Eccentric Contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1108-1117. [PMID: 38294822 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unaccustomed eccentric (ECC) exercise evokes exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Soreness, strength loss, and serum creatine kinase (CK) are often used to quantify EIMD severity. However, changes in these markers are not fully understood mechanistically. To test the hypothesis that muscle damage markers are associated with unique molecular processes, we correlated gene expression responses with variation in each marker post-ECC. METHODS Vastus lateralis biopsies were collected from 35 young men 3 h post-ECC (10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric contractions; contralateral leg [CON] as control). Maximal isometric strength, soreness, and serum CK activity were assessed 24 h preexercise and every 24 h for 5 d post-ECC. Strength was also measured 10 min post-ECC. Over the 5 d after ECC, average peak strength loss was 51.5 ± 20%; average soreness increased from 0.9 ± 1.9 on a 100-mm visual analog scale to 39 ± 19; serum CK increased from 160 ± 130 to 1168 ± 3430 U·L -1 . Muscle RNA was used to generate gene expression profiles. Partek Genomics Suite correlated peak values of soreness, strength loss, and CK post-ECC with gene expression in ECC (relative to paired CON) using Pearson linear correlation ( P < 0.05) and repeated-measures ANOVA used to detect influence of ECC. RESULTS After ECC, 2677 genes correlated with peak soreness, 3333 genes with peak strength loss, and 3077 genes with peak CK. Less than 1% overlap existed across all markers (16/9087). Unique genes included 2346 genes for peak soreness, 3032 genes for peak strength loss, and 2937 genes for peak CK. CONCLUSIONS The largely unique molecular pathways associated with common indirect markers of EIMD indicate that each marker of "damage" represents unique mechanistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dakota Tiede
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN
| | - Ling Xin
- Exercise Science Program, Biology Department, Simmons University, Boston, MA
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo UT
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN
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Islam H, Tsai SH, Figueiredo C, Jackson GS, Marcotte-Chénard A, Bosak J, Moreno-Cabañas A, Lira FS, Little JP. Direct assessment of leukocyte signalling and cytokine secretion reveals exercise intensity-dependent reductions in anti-inflammatory cytokine action. J Physiol 2024; 602:2717-2736. [PMID: 38776176 DOI: 10.1113/jp286228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations are widely used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but do not capture cytokine action at the cellular level. Whether and how acute exercise impacts anti-inflammatory cytokine action in humans is unknown. To determine how exercise intensity and pattern impact IL-6 and IL-10 action in blood leukocytes, 16 active adults (eight males/eight females; age: 30 ± 3 years; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2;V ̇ O 2 peak ${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{peak}}}}$ : 51 ± 6 mL/kg/min) completed a no-exercise control condition (CTL) or isocaloric bouts of cycling performed below (moderate continuous exercise; MCE) or above (heavy continuous or heavy intermittent exercise; HCE or HIE, respectively) lactate threshold. Venous blood (before, after, 30 min after and 90 min after exercise) was analysed for immune cell subpopulations, plasma cytokine concentrations, anti-inflammatory cytokine action and monocyte phenotype. Exercise induced rapid leukocytosis (P < 0.001) and increased plasma IL-6 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.0145) and tumour necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P = 0.0338) concentrations in an intensity-dependent manner (HCE and/or HIE vs. CTL). These systemic changes coincided with a diminished ability of IL-10/6 to phosphorylate STAT3 (P < 0.001) and inhibit TNF-⍺ secretion (P = 0.0238) in blood leukocytes following HCE and HIE. Monocyte polarization experiments revealed lower CD80 [MCE (P = 0.0933) and HIE (P = 0.0187) vs. CTL] and a tendency for higher CD163 expression (HCE vs. CTL, P = 0.0985), suggesting that hyporesponsiveness to anti-inflammatory cytokine action does not impede the ability of exercise to promote an anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype. These findings provide novel insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. KEY POINTS: Circulating cytokine concentrations are frequently used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but may not capture changes in cytokine action occurring at the cellular level. We directly assessed anti-inflammatory cytokine action - measured using a combination of intracellular signalling and cytokine secretion ex vivo - in distinct immune cell subpopulations after acute calorie-matched exercise bouts differing in intensity and pattern. Anti-inflammatory cytokine action was blunted following higher intensity exercise despite corresponding increases in circulating cytokine concentrations and immune cell counts. Changes in cytokine action were not explained by changes in cytokine receptor expression on circulating immune cells. Our findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Shun-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caíque Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Garett S Jackson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Johannes Bosak
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Warneke K, Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Hillebrecht M, Konrad A, Wirth K. Discussing Conflicting Explanatory Approaches in Flexibility Training Under Consideration of Physiology: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02043-y. [PMID: 38819597 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying range of motion enhancements via flexibility training discussed in the literature show high heterogeneity in research methodology and study findings. In addition, scientific conclusions are mostly based on functional observations while studies considering the underlying physiology are less common. However, understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to an improved range of motion through stretching is crucial for conducting comparable studies with sound designs, optimising training routines and accurately interpreting resulting outcomes. While there seems to be no evidence to attribute acute range of motion increases as well as changes in muscle and tendon stiffness and pain perception specifically to stretching or foam rolling, the role of general warm-up effects is discussed in this paper. Additionally, the role of mechanical tension applied to greater muscle lengths for range of motion improvement will be discussed. Thus, it is suggested that physical training stressors can be seen as external stimuli that control gene expression via the targeted stimulation of transcription factors, leading to structural adaptations due to enhanced protein synthesis. Hence, the possible role of serial sarcomerogenesis in altering pain perception, reducing muscle stiffness and passive torque, or changes in the optimal joint angle for force development is considered as well as alternative interventions with a potential impact on anabolic pathways. As there are limited possibilities to directly measure serial sarcomere number, longitudinal muscle hypertrophy remains without direct evidence. The available literature does not demonstrate the necessity of only using specific flexibility training routines such as stretching to enhance acute or chronic range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Movement Sciences, Institute of Sport Science, University of Klagenfurt, Universitatsstraße 65, 9020, Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Austria.
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Konrad
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- University Sports Center, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria
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Liu R, Liu H, Yang L, Li C, Yin G, Xie Q. Pathogenic role and clinical significance of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:115. [PMID: 38814339 PMCID: PMC11139741 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle damage and extramuscular symptoms, including specific skin rash, arthritis, interstitial lung disease, and cardiac involvement. While the etiology and pathogenesis of IIM are not yet fully understood, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have a role in the pathogenesis. Recent research has identified increased levels of circulating and tissue neutrophils as well as NETs in patients with IIM; these contribute to the activation of the type I and type II interferons pathway. During active IIM disease, myositis-specific antibodies are associated with the formation and incomplete degradation of NETs, leading to damage in the lungs, muscles, and blood vessels of patients. This review focuses on the pathogenic role and clinical significance of neutrophils and NETs in IIM, and it includes a discussion of potential targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiyi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changpei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Krokidas A, Gakis AG, Aktypi O, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T. Effect of Spirulina Nigrita® Supplementation on Indices of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage after Eccentric Protocol of Upper Limbs in Apparently Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2024; 16:1651. [PMID: 38892584 PMCID: PMC11174877 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a supplement with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may enhance performance and recovery after intense exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina Nigrita® on physical performance, and recovery markers after intense eccentric exercise in healthy moderately physically active volunteers. In a double-blind crossover design, participants were supplemented either with spirulina (42 mg Kg-1 BW per day) or a placebo for 15 days before conducting an eccentric exercise protocol using the non-dominant arm. A six-week washout period was required between conditions. Performance and mobility markers such as isometric peak torque (PTQ), ligament range of motion (ROM), and perceived muscle discomfort (VAS) were assessed and blood samples (CK, LDH) were obtained at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. No significant differences were noticed between the two conditions on any of the investigated markers, indicating that spirulina supplementation has no positive effect on isometric muscle performance or alleviation of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) symptoms in the specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 176 76 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (A.G.G.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
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Meng Q, Su CH. The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:573. [PMID: 38790678 PMCID: PMC11118032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively evaluates the effects of physical exercise on oxidative and nitrosative stress, mainly focusing on the role of antioxidants. Using a narrative synthesis approach, data from empirical studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2024 were collated from databases like PubMed, EBSCO (EDS), and Google Scholar, culminating in the inclusion of 41 studies. The quality of these studies was rigorously assessed to ensure the clarity of objectives, coherence in arguments, comprehensive literature coverage, and depth of critical analysis. Findings revealed that moderate exercise enhances antioxidant defenses through hormesis, while excessive exercise may exacerbate oxidative stress. The review also highlights that while natural dietary antioxidants are beneficial, high-dose supplements could impede the positive adaptations to exercise. In conclusion, the review calls for more focused research on tailored exercise and nutrition plans to further understand these complex interactions and optimize the health outcomes for athletes and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Meng
- School of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Sport and Health Research Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan
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11
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Vale D, Pereira A, Andrade JP, Castro JP. The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Muscle Strains in Athletes. Cureus 2024; 16:e60585. [PMID: 38894806 PMCID: PMC11184543 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle tears/strains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, posing a serious challenge for sports medicine. Aiming to reduce the time to return to play and the rate of reinjuries, apart from the traditional conservative treatments and rehabilitation protocols, new and innovative therapeutic options have emerged, particularly platelet-rich plasma (PRP). This study aims to present the available evidence regarding PRP injection for the treatment of muscle strains in athletes. Two databases were searched for articles published between January 2012 and December 2022 in Portuguese or English. The query used for the PubMed database was ("Muscles/injuries"[Mesh]) AND ("Athletes"[Mesh] OR "Athletic Injuries"[Mesh]) AND "Platelet-Rich Plasma"[Mesh], while for the Web of Science database the search was performed for "Platelet-rich plasma" AND "Muscle injuries" AND ("Athletes" OR "Athletic injuries"). Eleven studies involving athletes diagnosed with muscle injuries who received treatment with PRP injection alone, or in combination with traditional conservative treatment, compared to a control group, were included. Four randomized controlled trials, four systematic reviews/meta-analyses, two retrospective studies, and one comparative study were included. Current evidence from the highest-quality studies does not support the hypothesis of reduction of time to return to play and the rate of reinjuries after PRP injection, even though some studies reported positive results. However, the available evidence suggests that PRP might have a beneficial effect on the pain perceived by athletes following an acute muscle strain. It is challenging to arrive at definitive conclusions and translate these findings into a clinical context for treating muscle strains in athletes. The existing trials present several inconsistencies and limitations, with a heterogeneous set of patients and injuries, as well as the use of different and inconsistent methods for preparing, administering, and measuring the effects of PRP. To achieve consistent outcomes, standardizing PRP administration procedures is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vale
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - Adriana Pereira
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro de Medicina de Reabilitação de Alcoitão, Alcoitão, PRT
| | - José Paulo Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - João Paulo Castro
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PRT
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12
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Kanzaki K, Wada M. Arginine ingestion inhibits phagocyte invasion in eccentrically contracted rat fast-twitch muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024:10.1007/s10974-024-09672-w. [PMID: 38635146 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Eccentric contraction (ECC) has been shown to induce leukocyte invasion into skeletal muscle, resulting in muscle inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether prior ingestion of L-arginine (ARG), a nitric oxide precursor, inhibits ECC-induced macrophage invasion. Male Wistar rats received ARG in water for 7 days, beginning 3 days prior to ECC. ECCs were induced in the anterior crural muscles for 200 cycles. Three days later, the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles were excised for biochemical analysis and force measurement, respectively. ARG ingestion increased nitrite and nitrate levels in plasma and muscle, inhibiting force depression and reducing CD68 content in muscles subjected to ECC. ARG ingestion also ameliorated an ECC-induced increase in protein nitration, although neither ARG ingestion nor ECC induction affected protein carbonyl levels. The present results suggest that ingestion of ARG or ARG-rich foods may alleviate inflammation by attenuating phagocyte invasion in eccentrically contracted skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kanzaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
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13
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Ringleb M, Javelle F, Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Fennen L, Baumgart S, Drube S, Reuken PA, Pletz MW, Wagner H, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23596. [PMID: 38597350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results. Based on this selection strategy, a systematic literature search was conducted for resistance exercise intervention studies measuring interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-15, IL-7, transforming growth factor (TGF-) β1, and fractalkines (FKN) before and immediately after resistance exercise in healthy individuals. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for each myokine. We identified a moderate positive effect of resistance exercise for IL-6 and IL-1ra. Regarding IL-15 and TNF-α, small to moderate effects were found. For IL-10, no significant effect was observed. Due to no data, meta-analyses for IL-7, TGF-β1, and FKN could not be performed. No moderators (training status, type of exercise, risk of bias, age, sex, time of day, exercise volume, exercise intensity, exercise dose) of the results were detected for all tested myokines. Taken together, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed immediate positive effects of an acute resistance exercise session on IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ringleb
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger H W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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14
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Sládečková B, Botek M, Krejčí J, Valenta M, McKune A, Neuls F, Klimešová I. Hydrogen-rich water supplementation promotes muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1321160. [PMID: 38681143 PMCID: PMC11046232 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1321160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Molecular hydrogen has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ergogenic, and recovery-enhancing effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of molecular hydrogen administration on muscle performance, damage, and perception of soreness up to 24 h of recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers. Methods: Eight females (mean ± SD; age 21.5 ± 5.0 years, maximal oxygen consumption 45.0 ± 2.5 mL.kg-1.min-1) and four males (age 18.9 ± 1.3 years, maximal oxygen consumption 52.2 ± 1.7 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed 12 × 50 m sprints in the morning session and a 400 m competitive performance in the afternoon session. Participants consumed hydrogen-rich water (HRW) or placebo 3 days before the sessions (1,260 mL/day) and 2,520 mL on the experimental day. Muscle performance (countermovement jump), muscle damage (creatine kinase), and muscle soreness (100 mm visual analogue scale) were measured during the experimental day and at 12 and 24 h after the afternoon session. Results: HRW compared to placebo reduced blood activity of creatine kinase (156 ± 63 vs. 190 ± 64 U.L-1, p = 0.043), muscle soreness perception (34 ± 12 vs. 42 ± 12 mm, p = 0.045), and improved countermovement jump height (30.7 ± 5.5 cm vs. 29.8 ± 5.8 cm, p = 0.014) at 12 h after the afternoon session. Conclusion: Four days of HRW supplementation is a promising hydration strategy for promoting muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05799911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sládečková
- Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Botek
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jakub Krejčí
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Valenta
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Faculty of Health, UC-Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Filip Neuls
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Iva Klimešová
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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15
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Soejima S, Wu CH, Matsuse H, Terakado M, Okano S, Inoue T, Kumai Y. Swallowing-related muscle inflammation and fibrosis induced by a single dose of radiation exposure in mice. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:12. [PMID: 38561867 PMCID: PMC10983736 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although radiotherapy is commonly used to treat head and neck cancer, it may lead to radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD). There are various causes of RAD, however, the mechanism has not yet been fully identified. Currently, the only effective treatment for RAD is rehabilitation. Additionally, there are few available animal models of RAD, necessitating the development of new models to establish and evaluate RAD treatments. We hypothesize that radiation-induced neck muscle fibrosis could be one of the causes of RAD due to impairment of laryngeal elevation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the changes in inflammation and fibrosis of the strap muscles (Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and Thyrohyoid muscles) after a single-dose irradiation. This research aims to provide a reference animal model for future studies on RAD. RESULTS Compared to control mice, those treated with 72-Gy, but not 24-Gy, irradiation had significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.01) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (p < 0.05) expression at 10 days and significantly increased expression levels of motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), α-SMA, tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type1 collagen, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in the muscles at 1 month by real-time PCR analysis. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the deposition of type 1 collagen gradually increased in extracellular space after radiation exposure, and the positive area was significantly increased at 3 months compared to non-irradiated control. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of 72-Gy irradiation induced significant inflammation and fibrosis in the strap muscles of mice at 1 month, with immunohistochemical changes becoming evident at 3 months. This cervical irradiation-induced fibrosis model holds potential for establishing an animal model for RAD in future studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Soejima
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruna Matsuse
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mariko Terakado
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Okano
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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16
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Ponce T, Mainenti MRM, Barros T, Cahuê FLC, Fernanda Martins Dos Santos C, Piazera BKL, Salerno VP, Vaisman M. Biochemical and Hormone Markers in Firefighters: Effects of "Search, Rescue, and Survival Training" and Its Recovery. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e189-e201. [PMID: 38266224 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ponce, T, Mainenti, MRM, de Barros, T, Cahuê, FLC, Fernanda, C, Piazera, BKL, Salerno, VP, and Vaisman, M. Biochemical and hormone markers in firefighters: effects of "search, rescue, and survival training" and its recovery. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): e189-e201, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate the hormonal and biochemical responses in military firefighter cadets to a search, rescue, and survival training (SRST) course. Forty-three male volunteers participated in the SRST over 15 days consisting of intense physical effort, sleep deprivation, and a survival period with food deprivation. At 3 timepoints (baseline, SRST, and 1 week rec), subjects submitted to blood collections, body composition examinations, physical performance evaluations, and cognitive function tests. After the SRST, lower values were registered for testosterone (764.0; 565.1-895.0 to 180.6; 133.6-253.5 ng·dl -1 ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (217; 180-238 to 116; 102-143 ng·ml -1 ). Increases were observed for cortisol (9.7; 8.2-11.7 to 18.3; 16.5-21,2 μg·dl -1 ), growth hormone (GH) (0.11; 0.06-0.20 to 2.17; 1.4-3.4 ng·ml -1 ), CP, GSSG, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The values of gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced. After 1 week of recovery, levels of GH, creatine kinase, GSH, and GSSG returned to baseline values ( p < 0.05). Vertical jump performance presented a regular positive correlation with testosterone (rho = 0.56 and p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation with cortisol (rho = -0.61 and p < 0.0001). Body fat showed a regular and positive correlation with both testosterone and IGF-1. We conclude that participation in the SRST caused significant hormonal and biochemical changes in individuals that correlated with a loss in physical performance. Importantly, the results suggest the need for longer recovery times before a return to normal military duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Ponce
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | | | - Thiago Barros
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Cândido Cahuê
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camilli Fernanda Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karoline Lima Piazera
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
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17
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Pawłowska M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Irisin on Post-Exercise Inflammatory Response: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:205-218. [PMID: 38680225 PMCID: PMC11053258 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97480.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity has a positive effect on human health and emotional well-being. However, in both amateur and professional athletes, training poses a risk of acute or chronic injury through repetitive overloading of bones, joints, and muscles. Inflammation can be an adverse effect of intense exercise caused by several factors including oxidative stress. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers induced by physical exercise. Post-exercise recovery may reduce inflammatory responses and is key to effective training and adaptation of muscle tissues to sustained physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pawłowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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18
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Marzetti E, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Calvani R, Landi F, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A. Restoring Mitochondrial Function and Muscle Satellite Cell Signaling: Remedies against Age-Related Sarcopenia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:415. [PMID: 38672432 PMCID: PMC11048011 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has a complex pathophysiology that encompasses metabolic dysregulation and muscle ultrastructural changes. Among the drivers of intracellular and ultrastructural changes of muscle fibers in sarcopenia, mitochondria and their quality control pathways play relevant roles. Mononucleated muscle stem cells/satellite cells (MSCs) have been attributed a critical role in muscle repair after an injury. The involvement of mitochondria in supporting MSC-directed muscle repair is unclear. There is evidence that a reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis blunts muscle repair, thus indicating that the delivery of functional mitochondria to injured muscles can be harnessed to limit muscle fibrosis and enhance restoration of muscle function. Injection of autologous respiration-competent mitochondria from uninjured sites to damaged tissue has been shown to reduce infarct size and enhance cell survival in preclinical models of ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, the incorporation of donor mitochondria into MSCs enhances lung and cardiac tissue repair. This strategy has also been tested for regeneration purposes in traumatic muscle injuries. Indeed, the systemic delivery of mitochondria promotes muscle regeneration and restores muscle mass and function while reducing fibrosis during recovery after an injury. In this review, we discuss the contribution of altered MSC function to sarcopenia and illustrate the prospect of harnessing mitochondrial delivery and restoration of MSCs as a therapeutic strategy against age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
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19
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Hohenauer E, Bianchi G, Wellauer V, Taube W, Clijsen R. Acute physiological responses and muscle recovery in females: a randomised controlled trial of muscle damaging exercise in hypoxia. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38520001 PMCID: PMC10960417 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have investigated the effects of training under hypoxia (HYP) after several weeks in a male population. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the acute hypoxic effects on physiology and muscle recovery in a female population. METHODS This randomized-controlled trial aimed to investigate the acute effects of muscle damaging exercise, performed in HYP and normoxia (CON), on physiological responses and recovery characteristics in healthy females. Key inclusion criteria were recreationally active female participants between the age of 18 to 35 years without any previous surgeries and injuries, whilst key exclusion criteria were acute pain situations, pregnancy, and medication intake. The females conducted a muscle-damaging protocol, comprising 5 × 20 drop-jumps, in either HYP (FiO2: 12%) or CON (FiO2: 21%). Physiological responses, including capillary oxygenation (SpO2), muscle oxygenation (SmO2), heart rate (HR), core- (Tcore) and skin- (Tskin) temperature were assessed at the end of each exercise set. Recovery characteristics were quantified by taking venous blood samples (serum creatine-kinase [CK], C-reactive protein [CRP] and blood sedimentation rate [BSR]), assessing muscle swelling of the quadriceps femoris muscle, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensor muscles, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and muscle soreness ratings (DOMS) at 24-, 48- and 72-hrs post-exercise. RESULTS SpO2 (HYP: 76.7 ± 3.8%, CON: 95.5 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001) and SmO2 (HYP: 60.0 ± 9.3, CON: 73.4 ± 5.8%, p = 0.03) values were lower (p < 0.05) in HYP compared to CON at the end of the exercise-protocol. No physiological differences between HYP and CON were observed for HR, Tcore, and Tskin (all p > 0.05). There were also no differences detected for any recovery variable (CK, CRP, BSR, MVIC, CMJ, and DOMS) during the 72-hrs follow-up period between HYP and CON (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results showed that muscle damaging exercise under HYP leads to reduced capillary and muscle oxygenation levels compared to normoxia with no difference in inflammatory response and muscle recovery during 72 h post-exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04902924, May 26th 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Hohenauer
- RESlab, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Weststrasse 8, CH-7302, Landquart, Switzerland.
- International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland.
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - G Bianchi
- RESlab, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Weststrasse 8, CH-7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - V Wellauer
- RESlab, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Weststrasse 8, CH-7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - W Taube
- University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - R Clijsen
- RESlab, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Weststrasse 8, CH-7302, Landquart, Switzerland
- International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Reis AL, Deus LA, Passos Neves RV, Corrêa HDL, Reis TL, Aguiar LSD, Honorato FS, Barbosa JMDS, Araújo TBD, Palmeira TRC, Simões HG, Prestes J, Sousa CV, Ide BN, Rosa TDS. Exercise-Induced Transient Oxidative Stress Is Mitigated in Down Syndrome: Insights About Redox Balance and Muscle Strength. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e125-e134. [PMID: 38088925 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Reis, AL, Deus, LA, Neves, RVP, Corrêa, HL Reis, TL, Aguiar, LS Honorato, FS, Barbosa, JMS, Araújo, TB, Palmeira, TRC, Simões, HG, Prestes, J, Sousa, CV, Ide, BN, and Rosa, TdS. Exercise-induced transient oxidative stress is mitigated in Down syndrome: insights about redox balance and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): e125-e34, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a session of resistance exercise (RE) performed with elastic tubes on the redox balance and inflammatory profile in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects ( n = 23) were allocated into 2 groups: individuals with DS (DS; n = 11) and individuals without DS (WDS; n = 12), who performed an acute RE session. Diagnostic assessment included medical history, anthropometric measures (body height, body mass, body mass index, and body composition assessment), biological collections, muscle strength assessments (handgrip and maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests), and exercises. The redox balance and inflammatory profile were assessed in urine and saliva samples before and after an acute RE session. There were no differences between WDS and DS groups for body composition ( p > 0.05). The DS group presented higher values pre and post an acute RE session with elastic tubes for oxidative and proinflammatory markers compared with WDS ( p < 0.05). Uric acid values increased from pre-acute RE session to post-acute RE session for WDS ( p < 0.0001). No differences were identified within groups for the delta analysis ( p > 0.05). Inverse correlations were found between total force and F2-isoprostane, 8OHdG, uric acid, allantoin, IL-6, TNF-α, and the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio. A positive correlation was found between IL-10 and total force. The DS group presented increased peak force in the knee extension and elbow flexion exercises (∼25 and 12%, respectively) but decreases in handgrip strength of ∼7%. The WDS group showed higher peak force values for knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip (∼16, 10, and 14%, respectively). The DS group had lower transient elevation of oxidative stress after an acute RE session compared with WDS. Oxidative stress and inflammation responses of DS to an acute RE session with elastic tubes may be insufficient to induce health adaptations for the same relative load compared with WDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Thaís Lucena Reis
- Medical Graduate Program of University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Sousa Honorato
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Bernardo Neme Ide
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Sousa CA, Zourdos MC, Storey AG, Helms ER. The Importance of Recovery in Resistance Training Microcycle Construction. J Hum Kinet 2024; 91:205-223. [PMID: 38689583 PMCID: PMC11057610 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/186659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic resistance training aims to enhance performance by balancing stress, fatigue and recovery. While fatigue is expected, insufficient recovery may temporarily impair performance. The aim of this review was to examine evidence regarding manipulation of resistance training variables on subsequent effects on recovery and performance. PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL were searched. Only studies that investigated recovery between resistance training sessions were selected, with a total of 24 articles included for review. Training to failure may lengthen recovery times, potentially impairing performance; however, it may be suitable if implemented strategically ensuring adequate recovery between sessions of similar exercises or muscle groups. Higher volumes may increase recovery demands, especially when paired with training to failure, however, with wide variation in individual responses, it is suggested to start with lower volume, monitor recovery, and gradually increase training volume if appropriate. Exercises emphasising the lower body, multi-joint movements, greater muscle recruitment, eccentric contractions, and/or the lengthened position may require longer recovery times. Adjusting volume and frequency of these exercises can affect recovery demands depending on the goals and training logistics. Daily undulating programming may maximise performance on priority sessions while maintaining purposeful and productive easy days. For example, active recovery in the form of training opposing muscle groups, light aerobic cardio, or low-volume power-type training may improve recovery and potentially elicit a post activation potentiation priming effect compared to passive recovery. However, it is possible that training cessation may be adequate for allowing sufficient recovery prior to sessions of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby A. Sousa
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael C. Zourdos
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, United States
| | - Adam G. Storey
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric R. Helms
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, United States
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22
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Morton-Jones ME, Gladden LB, Kavazis AN, Sandage MJ. A Tutorial on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and the Role of Blood Lactate: Implications for Speech Production. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:369-383. [PMID: 38157288 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this tutorial is threefold: (a) present relevant exercise science literature on skeletal muscle metabolism and synthesize the limited available research on metabolism of the adult human speech musculature in an effort to elucidate the role of metabolism in speech production; (b) introduce a well-studied metabolic serum biomarker in exercise science, lactate, and the potential usefulness of investigating this metabolite, through a well-established exercise science methodology, to better understand metabolism of the musculature involved in voice production; and (c) discuss exercise physiology considerations for future voice science research that seeks to investigate blood lactate and metabolism in voice physiology in an ecologically valid manner. METHOD This tutorial begins with relevant exercise science literature on the basic cellular processes of muscle contraction that require energy and the metabolic mechanisms that regenerate the energy required for task execution. The tutorial next synthesizes the available research investigating metabolism of the adult human speech musculature. This is followed by the authors proposing a hypothesis of speech metabolism based on the voice science literature and the application of well-studied exercise science principles of muscle physiology. The tutorial concludes with a discussion and the potential usefulness of lactate in investigations to better understand the metabolism of the musculature involved in vocal demand tasks. CONCLUSION The role of metabolism during speech (respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory) is an understudied yet critical aspect of speech physiology that warrants further study to better understand the metabolic systems that are used to meet vocal demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary J Sandage
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, AL
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23
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Gáspari AF, Zaminiani MG, Vilarinho MDC, Caruso D, Guimarães PDS, Piunti RP, Itaborahy A, de Moraes AC. Recovery markers in elite climbers after the national boulder climbing championship. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1251047. [PMID: 38406765 PMCID: PMC10885134 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1251047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate recovery markers among elite climbers following the National Boulder Championship. We assessed maximum isometric hand grip strength (HS), forearm swelling (circumference), delayed soreness in forearm muscles, tiredness, and exercise readiness at several time points: pre-competition, immediately post-competition (within 4 min after their last effort), and 12, 24, 48, and 60 h post-competition. Maximum isometric hand grip strength decreased by 6.38 ± 1.32% (p = 0.006) post-12 h, returning to pre-competition values post-24 h (all p > 0.05). Forearm circumference (FC) increased 1.78 ± 1.77% (p < 0.001) post-competition, returning to pre-competition values post-12 h (all p > 0.05). Forearm pain (FP) increased post-competition (p = 0.002) and post-12 h (p < 0.001), returning to pre-competition values post-24 h (all p > 0.05). Tiredness increased post-competition (p < 0.001), post-12 h (p < 0.001), and post-24 h (p < 0.001), returning to pre-competition values post-48 h (all p > 0.05). Climbing readiness was reduced post-competition (p < 0.001), post-12 h (p < 0.001), post-24 h (p < 0.001), and post-48 h (p = 0.005), only returning to pre-competition values post-60 h (p = 0.189). Visual analysis of individual data pointed out a relatively small variability in the HS and FC markers, while FP, tiredness, and readiness exhibited larger individual variations. These findings indicate that different recovery patterns exist for the analyzed markers, suggesting that athletes may require up to 60 h after a competition to fully recover and regain their ability to face new competitive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Fernandes Gáspari
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Sport Climbing Association, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Caruso
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Sport Climbing Association, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Itaborahy
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Slavin MB, Khemraj P, Hood DA. Exercise, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammasomes in skeletal muscle. Biomed J 2024; 47:100636. [PMID: 37499756 PMCID: PMC10828562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the broad field of inflammation, skeletal muscle is a tissue that is understudied. Yet it represents about 40% of body mass in non-obese individuals and is therefore of fundamental importance for whole body metabolism and health. This article provides an overview of the unique features of skeletal muscle tissue, as well as its adaptability to exercise. This ability to adapt, particularly with respect to mitochondrial content and function, confers a level of metabolic "protection" against energy consuming events, and adds a measure of quality control that determines the phenotypic response to stress. Thus, we describe the particular role of mitochondria in promoting inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle, contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in aging, disuse and metabolic disease. We will then discuss how exercise training can be anti-inflammatory, mitigating the chronic inflammation that is observed in these conditions, potentially through improvements in mitochondrial quality and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela B Slavin
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Priyanka Khemraj
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Lautaoja-Kivipelto JH, Karvinen S, Korhonen TM, O'Connell TM, Tiirola M, Hulmi JJ, Pekkala S. Interaction of the C2C12 myotube contractions and glucose availability on transcriptome and extracellular vesicle microRNAs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C348-C361. [PMID: 38047306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EL-EPS) of myotubes mimics many key physiological changes induced by in vivo exercise. Besides enabling intracellular research, EL-EPS allows to study secreted factors, including muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) carried in extracellular vesicles (EVs). These factors can participate in contraction-induced intercellular cross talk and may mediate the health benefits of exercise. However, the current knowledge of these responses, especially under variable nutritional conditions, is limited. We investigated the effects of EL-EPS on C2C12 myotube transcriptome in high- and low-glucose conditions by messenger RNA sequencing, while the expression of EV-carried miRNAs was analyzed by small RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. We show that higher glucose availability augmented contraction-induced transcriptional changes and that the majority of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated. Furthermore, based on the pathway analyses, processes related to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory responses were upregulated. In addition, we report that EL-EPS increased packing of miR-1-3p into EVs independent of glucose availability. Together our findings suggest that in vitro EL-EPS is a usable tool not only to study contraction-induced intracellular mechanisms but also extracellular responses. The distinct transcriptional changes observed under variable nutritional conditions emphasize the importance of careful consideration of media composition in future exercise-mimicking studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study examined for the first time the effects of exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation administered under distinct nutritional conditions on 1) the transcriptome of the C2C12 myotubes and 2) their media containing extracellular vesicle-carried microRNAs. We report that higher glucose availability augmented transcriptional responses related especially to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory pathways. Agreeing with in vivo studies, we show that the packing of exercise-responsive miR-1-3p was increased in the extracellular vesicles in response to myotube contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H Lautaoja-Kivipelto
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tia-Marje Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Li DCW, Rudloff S, Langer HT, Norman K, Herpich C. Age-Associated Differences in Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Cells 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38334647 PMCID: PMC10854791 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate mechanisms governing the cellular response to resistance exercise is paramount for promoting healthy aging. This narrative review explored the age-related alterations in recovery from resistance exercise, focusing on the nuanced aspects of exercise-induced muscle damage in older adults. Due to the limited number of studies in older adults that attempt to delineate age differences in muscle discovery, we delve into the multifaceted cellular influences of chronic low-grade inflammation, modifications in the extracellular matrix, and the role of lipid mediators in shaping the recovery landscape in aging skeletal muscle. From our literature search, it is evident that aged muscle displays delayed, prolonged, and inefficient recovery. These changes can be attributed to anabolic resistance, the stiffening of the extracellular matrix, mitochondrial dysfunction, and unresolved inflammation as well as alterations in satellite cell function. Collectively, these age-related impairments may impact subsequent adaptations to resistance exercise. Insights gleaned from this exploration may inform targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the efficacy of resistance training programs tailored to the specific needs of older adults, ultimately fostering healthy aging and preserving functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ching Wah Li
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Rudloff
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Christ T, Ringleb M, Haunhorst S, Fennen L, Jordan PM, Wagner H, Puta C. The acute effects of pre- and mid-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on the immunoregulatory stress hormone release in experienced endurance athletes-a systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1264814. [PMID: 38362064 PMCID: PMC10868406 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1264814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In times of physical stress, the body orchestrates a multisystemic regulatory response. The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine play a role in the immediate regulation chain, while cortisol is involved in delayed regulation. The release of those stress hormones in response to exercise has previously been reported to elicit diverse immune reactions. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to examine and present the acute effects of immediate pre- and mid-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in experienced endurance athletes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science in accordance with PRISMA guidelines up to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials in English or German language were included if baseline and at least two follow-up measures of blood plasma or serum of chosen stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were collected in response to prolonged continuous endurance activity. Eligibility furthermore required an acute carbohydrate ingestion of at least 30 g of carbohydrates per hour no more than 30 min before start of the exercise, as well as a placebo-controlled study design. Results Eleven studies of moderate to high quality were included in this review. Carbohydrate ingestion of at least 30 g per hour was able to attenuate rises in cortisol concentration in majority of the included studies. Epinephrine levels were considerably lower with ingestion of carbohydrates compared to placebo in all studies. Norepinephrine concentrations were largely unaffected by acute carbohydrate feeding. Conclusion Pre- and mid-exercise ingestion of carbohydrates seems an effective dietary strategy to attenuate rises in cortisol and epinephrine levels and, thus, an effective countermeasure for endurance exercise-induced increases in stress hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Christ
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Ringleb
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- NeuroPsycho Immunology Research Unit, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Jena, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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28
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Prieto Martínez A, Coutiño Diaz M, Anaya Romero L, Ali Redha A, Zare R, Ventura Hernandez S, Prokopidis K, Clifford T. Effects of Vaccinium berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery - a systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:444-459. [PMID: 38165220 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in Vaccinium berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of Vaccinium berry supplementation on exercise performance and recovery, as well as on exercise-induced oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were included if the participants were healthy individuals who were supplemented with any Vaccinium berry or Vaccinium berry-based products in comparison to a control group. Of the 13 articles included in this review, no significant differences in the exercise performance were found and only one study reported benefits for markers of recovery. Interleukins and c-reactive protein were the most frequently reported biomarkers, but there was limited evidence that Vaccinium berry supplementation impacted them post-exercise. Most studies were of high quality and showed a low risk of bias. Vaccinium berry supplementation is not effective in modulating markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative distress in healthy individuals; nevertheless, more studies are required to evaluate their effects on exercise performance and recovery in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Prieto Martínez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Michelle Coutiño Diaz
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lizette Anaya Romero
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Reza Zare
- Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Arses Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | | | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- Society of meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Siegel L, Rooney J, Marjoram L, Mason L, Bowles E, van Keulen TV, Helander C, Rayo V, Hong MY, Liu C, Hooshmand S, Kern M, Witard OC. Chronic almond nut snacking alleviates perceived muscle soreness following downhill running but does not improve indices of cardiometabolic health in mildly overweight, middle-aged, adults. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1298868. [PMID: 38260074 PMCID: PMC10800814 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1298868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a popular food snack rich in protein, fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and phytonutrients, almond nut consumption is widely associated with improvements in cardiometabolic health. However, limited data exists regarding the role of almond consumption in improving exercise recovery. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic almond snacking on muscle damage and cardiometabolic health outcomes during acute eccentric exercise recovery in mildly overweight, middle-aged, adults. Methods Using a randomized cross-over design, 25 mildly overweight (BMI: 25.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2), middle-aged (35.1 ± 4.7 y) males (n = 11) and females (n = 14) performed a 30-min downhill treadmill run after 8-weeks of consuming either 57 g/day of whole almonds (ALMOND) or an isocaloric amount (86 g/day) of unsalted pretzels (CONTROL). Muscle soreness (visual analogue scale), muscle function (vertical jump and maximal isokinetic torque) and blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) concentration) and inflammation (c-reactive protein concentration) were measured pre and post (24, 48, and 72 h) exercise. Blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol), body composition and psycho-social assessments of mood (POMS-2 inventory), appetite and well-being were measured pre and post intervention. Results Downhill running successfully elicited muscle damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in plasma CK concentration, increased perception of muscle soreness, and impaired vertical jump performance (all p < 0.05) during acute recovery. No effect of trial order was observed for any outcome measurement. However, expressed as AUC over the cumulative 72 h recovery period, muscle soreness measured during a physical task (vertical jump) was reduced by ~24% in ALMOND vs. CONTROL (p < 0.05) and translated to an improved maintenance of vertical jump performance (p < 0.05). However, ALMOND did not ameliorate the CK response to exercise or isokinetic torque during leg extension and leg flexion (p > 0.05). No pre-post intervention changes in assessments of cardiometabolic health, body composition, mood state or appetite were observed in ALMOND or CONTROL (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Chronic almond supplementation alleviates task-specific perceived feelings of muscle soreness during acute recovery from muscle damaging exercise, resulting in the better maintenance of muscle functional capacity. These data suggest that almonds represent a functional food snack to improve exercise tolerance in mildly overweight, middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Siegel
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rooney
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Marjoram
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Mason
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bowles
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Valente van Keulen
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Helander
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vernon Rayo
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Oliver C. Witard
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shi R, Gao K, Gao Y, Huang X, Yang L, Liu Q, Zhao R, Qin Y, Liu S, Zheng X, Xue Y. Mid-arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness associated with cardiometabolic disease in Chinese residents: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:45-54. [PMID: 38036326 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) with body muscle and fat mass remains unclear. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness are easily obtained measuring methods for these two body compositions. This study aimed to investigate the association of CMD with MAMC and TSF thickness among Chinese residents. METHODS A total of 9440 eligible participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Associations of CMD prevalence with MAMC and TSF thickness were estimated using logistic regression models. Multivariable COX proportional-hazards regression models were used to estimate the effect of baseline MAMC and TSF thickness on subsequent CMD. RESULTS Positive associations of CMD prevalence with MAMC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.169, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.110-1.232, P < 0.001) and TSF thickness (OR = 1.313, 95%CI 1.240-1.390, P < 0.001) were observed in the cross-sectional analysis. In the longitudinal study, a 1-SD increase in MAMC was associated with a 13.6% increased risk of CMD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.136, 95%CI 1.073-1.204, P < 0.001), and a 1-SD increase in TSF thickness had a 17.6% increased risk of CMD incidence (HR = 1.176, 95%CI 1.084-1.276, P < 0.001). For the CMD components, both MAMC and TSF thickness contributed to increased incidences of hypertension (HR = 1.163, 95%CI 1.097-1.233, P < 0.001 in MAMC; HR = 1.218, 95%CI 1.110-1.336, P < 0.001 in TSF thickness) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.166, 95%CI 1.028-1.323, P = 0.017 in MAMC; HR = 1.352, 95%CI 1.098-1.664, P = 0.004 in TSF thickness). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher MAMC and TSF thickness had an increased incidence of CMD, mainly hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study revealed a seemingly counterintuitive association between body muscle mass and metabolic homeostasis. Although the potential mechanisms require further exploration, the impact of body muscle mass on metabolic health cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanbo Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Cintron HE, Heyburn JJ, Sterner RL, Dankel SJ. Blood Flow Restricted Electrical Stimulations to Prevent or Attenuate Symptoms of Muscle Damage. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:213-224. [PMID: 36314854 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2132862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if performing electrical stimulations (E-STIM) under blood flow restriction (BFR) would result in a greater protective effect against symptoms of muscle damage. 18 individuals (9 females) completed a damaging bout of exercise followed by a low frequency E-STIM treatment protocol on both arms, one of which was completed under BFR. The treatment protocol was then repeated 24-hours post-exercise. There were main effects of time for muscle thickness (pre: 3.5 cm; 48 h post: 3.8 cm; BF10 = 88.476), discomfort (pre: 0.0 au; 48 h post: 4.2 au; BF10 = 241.996), and isometric strength (pre: 278 N; 48 h post: 232 N; BF10 = 10,289.894) which all changed as a result of the damaging exercise protocol, but there were no differences between conditions [all Bayes Factors (BF10) < 0.28]. The effectiveness of low frequency E-STIM for preventing the onset of exercise-induced muscle damage would not appear to be enhanced if performed under BFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Cintron
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica J Heyburn
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Robert L Sterner
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Scott J Dankel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Arbiza BCC, da Silva AMV, de Lima KS, Rubin Neto LJ, Nunes GS, Jaenisch RB, Puntel GO, Signori LU. Effect of foam rolling recovery on pain and physical capacity after resistance exercises: A randomized crossover trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 37:226-232. [PMID: 38432810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of passive recovery (PR), active recovery (AR), and recovery through self-massage with the aid of foam rolling (FRR) on pain and physical capacity in healthy volunteers after a resistance exercise (RE) session. METHODS The sample of this randomized crossover trial comprised 37 physically healthy men who underwent three sessions of RE (squat, leg press, and leg extension), involving four sets of 10 repetitions with 80% of 10MR, with an interval of seven days between sessions. PR consisted of sitting for 20min, AR included a cycle ergometer for 20min at 50% maximum heart rate, and FRR involved 10 repetitions per target body area, followed by 1min rest. Variables of physical capacity (strength, power, agility, joint range of motion, flexibility, speed, and fatigue resistance) were assessed 1h after RE, whereas pain was assessed 24h, 48h, and 72h after RE. RESULTS In the dominant lower limb, the percentage of strength decreased (p < 0.001) by 16.3% after RE but improved (p < 0.001) by 5.2% after AR and FRR in relation to PR. Similar results were observed in the non-dominant lower limb. Agility was enhanced (p < 0.001) by 3.6% in AR and 4.3% in FRR compared with the baseline assessment. The recoveries for the other physical variables were similar. Only FRR reduced (p < 0.001) pain at 24h (22.8%), 48h (39.2%), and 72h (59.7%) compared to PR. CONCLUSIONS Self-massage using a foam roll reduced pain and improved agility and muscle strength during recovery after exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04201977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cesar Correa Arbiza
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcos Vargas da Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Katieli Santos de Lima
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Léo José Rubin Neto
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Silva Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Boemo Jaenisch
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Orione Puntel
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulisses Signori
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Okayasu I, Kuroiwa H, Shinkawa K, Hayashi K, Sato S, Iwata N, Tano G, Sekizaki R, Umeda K, Ohnishi H. Significant increase in prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite with physical exercise suggesting muscle inflammation. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2167868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Okayasu
- Kiryu University, Midori, Japan
- Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Kaori Hayashi
- Nagano University of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing, Nagano, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sato
- International University of Health and Welfare, School of Nursing, Ohtawara, Japan
| | - Noboru Iwata
- Kiryu University School of Health Care, Department of Nursing, Midori, Japan
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Muñoz-Castellanos B, Martínez-López P, Bailón-Moreno R, Esquius L. Effect of Ginseng Intake on Muscle Damage Induced by Exercise in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 16:90. [PMID: 38201920 PMCID: PMC10780807 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most popular herbal supplements in the world is ginseng. Several studies have evaluated the capacity of ginseng as a protective element in the physiological response to exercise. The result produced by the exercise causes an increase in cellular biomarkers of damage in the skeletal muscle, mainly in the pro-inflammatory types. The different types of ginseng are composed of ginsenosides, which are active ingredients that act on the central nervous system and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effects on cortisol modulation. The use of ginseng as a nutritional supplement can help muscle regeneration and renewal. The objective of this review is to enrich the knowledge regarding the consumption of ginseng for a specific situation, such as exercise, which would cause an improvement in the tolerance to chronic load stimuli in sport, thus helping the subjects to recover between training sessions. Due to these benefits, it could also be an ideal food supplement for regenerative processes in muscle injuries in which inflammatory markers increase significantly. This review aims to summarise that biological factors can be attenuated after exercise due to the consumption of ginseng in healthy subjects, accelerating and improving muscle regeneration and, therefore, improving the ability to adapt to the stimuli generated by said exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Muñoz-Castellanos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (L.E.)
| | - Patricia Martínez-López
- “Techné” Knowledge and Product Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rafael Bailón-Moreno
- “Techné” Knowledge and Product Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Laura Esquius
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (L.E.)
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Yang C, Han B, Wang S. Sodium salicylate ameliorates exercise-induced muscle damage in mice by inhibiting NF-kB signaling. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:967. [PMID: 38098039 PMCID: PMC10722820 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccentric muscle contraction can cause muscle damage, which reduces the efficiency of exercise. Previous evidence suggested that Sodium salicylate (SS) could improve the repair of aged muscle. This study intends to investigate whether SS can impact skeletal muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise. METHODS Eccentric treadmill exercise was performed to induce muscle damage in mice. Plasma levels of muscle damage markers were estimated. RT-qPCR was employed for detecting mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators in murine gastrocnemius muscle. Immunofluorescence staining of laminin/DAPI was utilized for quantifying centrally nucleated myofibers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Western blotting was implemented to examine protein levels of mitsugumin 53 (MG53), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9, and NF-κB signaling-related markers. RESULTS SS administration reduced muscle damage marker production in the plasma and decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators, MG53 and MMP-2/9 in mice after exercise. SS alleviated the severity of muscle damage in the gastrocnemius of mice after eccentric exercise. SS blocked NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle. CONCLUSION SS administration ameliorates skeletal muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China.
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Sports, Northeastern University, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110819, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of General, Huanggu District People's Government Office, Shenyang City, 110032, China
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Sang D, Lin K, Yang Y, Ran G, Li B, Chen C, Li Q, Ma Y, Lu L, Cui XY, Liu Z, Lv SQ, Luo M, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang EE. Prolonged sleep deprivation induces a cytokine-storm-like syndrome in mammals. Cell 2023; 186:5500-5516.e21. [PMID: 38016470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Most animals require sleep, and sleep loss induces serious pathophysiological consequences, including death. Previous experimental approaches for investigating sleep impacts in mice have been unable to persistently deprive animals of both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). Here, we report a "curling prevention by water" paradigm wherein mice remain awake 96% of the time. After 4 days of exposure, mice exhibit severe inflammation, and approximately 80% die. Sleep deprivation increases levels of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the brain, and we found that elevated PGD2 efflux across the blood-brain-barrier-mediated by ATP-binding cassette subfamily C4 transporter-induces both accumulation of circulating neutrophils and a cytokine-storm-like syndrome. Experimental disruption of the PGD2/DP1 axis dramatically reduced sleep-deprivation-induced inflammation. Thus, our study reveals that sleep-related changes in PGD2 in the central nervous system drive profound pathological consequences in the peripheral immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keteng Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Yang
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangdi Ran
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yang Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Brown F, Hill M, Renshaw D, Pedlar C, Hill J, Tallis J. Test–retest reliability of muscular performance tests and compression garment interface pressure measurements: a comparison between consecutive and multiple day recovery. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-022-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ozmen GC, Mabrouk S, Nichols C, Berkebile J, Goossens Q, Gazi AH, Inan OT. Mid-Activity and At-Home Wearable Bioimpedance Elucidates an Interpretable Digital Biomarker of Muscle Fatigue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:3513-3524. [PMID: 37405890 PMCID: PMC11092386 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3290530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle health and decreased muscle performance (fatigue) quantification has proven to be an invaluable tool for both athletic performance assessment and injury prevention. However, existing methods estimating muscle fatigue are infeasible for everyday use. Wearable technologies are feasible for everyday use and can enable discovery of digital biomarkers of muscle fatigue. Unfortunately, the current state-of-the-art wearable systems for muscle fatigue tracking suffer from either low specificity or poor usability. METHODS We propose using dual-frequency bioimpedance analysis (DFBIA) to non-invasively assess intramuscular fluid dynamics and thereby muscle fatigue. A wearable DFBIA system was developed to measure leg muscle fatigue of 11 individuals during a 13-day protocol consisting of exercise and unsupervised at-home portions. RESULTS We derived a digital biomarker of muscle fatigue, fatigue score, from the DFBIA signals that was able to estimate the percent reduction in muscle force during exercise with repeated-measures Pearson's r = 0.90 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.6%. This fatigue score also estimated delayed onset muscle soreness with repeated-measures Pearson's r = 0.83 and MAE = 0.83. Using at-home data, DFBIA was strongly associated with absolute muscle force of participants (n = 198, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the utility of wearable DFBIA for non-invasively estimating muscle force and pain through the changes in intramuscular fluid dynamics. SIGNIFICANCE The presented approach may inform development of future wearable systems for quantifying muscle health and provide a novel framework for athletic performance optimization and injury prevention.
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Nirmal S, Olatunde OO, Medhe S, Vitti S, Khemtong C, Nirmal NP. Betalains Alleviate Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fatigue and Improve Sports Performance: an Update on Recent Advancement. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:778-787. [PMID: 37824059 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Beetroot juice is a popular natural food supplement commonly consumed for its health and ergogenic benefits. It contains an abundance of phytochemical compounds, which have been shown to enhance sports endurance and recovery. Among them, nitrate is well-studied and known for improving performance during exercise. On the other hand, betalains, the bioactive pigment, have shown various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive, which may improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Additionally, free radical scavenging activities of betalains could increase nitric oxide availability in the blood, thereby improving blood flow and oxygen supply during strenuous exercise. This review article provides a critical discussion of the non-pathological conditions induced by prolonged or strenuous exercise and betalains' potential in reducing such conditions including muscle damage, inflammation, and fatigue. Additionally, the real-time application of betalains as an ergogenic compound in competitive athletes has been discussed. Finally, future directions and conclusions on the potential of betalains as a natural ergogenic aid in sport endurance are outlined. RECENT FINDINGS Betalains in beetroot are the major water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigment possessing high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fatigue activities. Betalain supplementation could alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fatigue in competitive athletes. Betalains have the potential to become a natural ergogenic aid or nutraceutical compound for sports people during exercise and competitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Nirmal
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Road, Saen Suk, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Seema Medhe
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Steven Vitti
- Department of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Building, Drexel University, 3601 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chutimon Khemtong
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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McFadden BA, Vincenty CS, Chandler AJ, Cintineo HP, Lints BS, Mastrofini GF, Arent SM. Effects of fucoidan supplementation on inflammatory and immune response after high-intensity exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2224751. [PMID: 37331983 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity exercise (HIE) can damage the musculotendon complex and impact the immune response, resulting in post-exercise inflammation. Sufficient rest and recovery will improve muscular resilience against future damaging bouts; however, HIE with minimal durations of rest is common in athletic competitions that facilitate persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and pro-immune responses. Fucoidans may improve inflammation and immune responses, which may prove beneficial for individuals who regularly engage in repeated HIE. The research purpose was to investigate the safety and efficacy of fucoidans on inflammatory and immune markers following HIE. METHODS Eight male and eight female participants were randomized into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design study and supplemented with 1 g/day fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) or placebo (PL) for 2 weeks. Supplementation periods concluded with HIE testing, followed by 1 week of washout. HIE involved one > 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) and eight 10 s WAnT intervals. Blood was drawn pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min, and 60 min post-exercise to assess immune and inflammatory markers. Blood markers, peak power (PP), and mean power (MP) were analyzed using a 2 (condition) × 4 (time) design. Significance was set at α = .05. RESULTS A time-by-condition interaction was observed for interleukin-6 (p = .01) and interleukin-10 (p = .008). Post hoc analysis revealed greater interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations at 30 min post HIE with UPF supplementation (p = .002 and p = .005, respectively). No effects of condition were observed for all blood markers or performance outcomes with UPF supplementation (p > .05). Main effects of time were observed for white blood cells, red blood cells, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, natural killer cells, B and T-lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 cells (p < .05). DISCUSSION No adverse events were reported throughout the study period, indicating a positive safety profile of UPF. While notable changes in biomarkers occurred up to 1 hr post HIE, few differences were observed between supplementation conditions. There did appear to be a modest effect of UPF on inflammatory cytokines potentially warranting further investigation. However, fucoidan supplementation did not influence exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A McFadden
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
- Queens College, City University of New York, Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline S Vincenty
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexa J Chandler
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Harry P Cintineo
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
- Lindenwood University, Department of Kinesiology, Saint Charles, MO, USA
| | - Blaine S Lints
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gianna F Mastrofini
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA
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Shirai T, Myoenzono K, Kawai E, Yamauchi Y, Suzuki K, Maeda S, Takagi H, Takemasa T. Effects of maslinic acid supplementation on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in water polo athletes: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2239196. [PMID: 37498159 PMCID: PMC10375926 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2239196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive fruit is rich in bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, primarily maslinic acid (MA). Previous studies have demonstrated that MA exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; however, it is unclear whether MA intake during training inhibits perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness in athletes. This study analyzed the effects of MA supplementation during athletic training on perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over, and placebo-controlled trial involved 12 young, healthy male water polo athletes. After daily training for seven days, they ingested either olive fruit extract, containing 60 mg/day MA, or a placebo. We measured perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness during the intervention using a visual analog scale and inflammatory and oxidative stress-related proteins. RESULTS Perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness and the area under the curve during the training period were significantly lower (main effect of MA; P < 0.05) following MA supplementation than those for the placebo. MA supplementation during training lowered perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness by decreasing inflammatory factors in water polo athletes. Additionally, we examined the detailed mechanism of MA, added the participant's serum to the culture medium at a 10% concentration to determine inflammation- and oxidative stress-related intracellular signals. Skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) cultured with MA-conditioned serum before and after intervention also suppressed expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MA intake not only reduces perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness but also decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in the blood and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Myoenzono
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiskue Kawai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Budo University, Faculty of Physical Education, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keito Suzuki
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Waseda University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tokosozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Takagi
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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42
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Driller M, Leabeater A. Fundamentals or Icing on Top of the Cake? A Narrative Review of Recovery Strategies and Devices for Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:213. [PMID: 37999430 PMCID: PMC10674277 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sport and athletic performance industry has seen a plethora of new recovery devices and technologies over recent years, and it has become somewhat difficult for athletes, coaches, and practitioners to navigate the efficacy of such devices or whether they are even required at all. With the increase in recovery devices and tools, it has also become commonplace for athletes to overlook more traditional, well-established recovery strategies. In this narrative review, we discuss recovery strategies in relation to the hierarchy of scientific evidence, classifying them based on the strength of the evidence, ranging from meta-analyses through to case studies and reports. We report that foam rolling, compression garments, cryotherapy, photobiomodulation, hydrotherapy, and active recovery have a high level of positive evidence for improved recovery outcomes, while sauna, recovery boots/sleeves, occlusion cuffs, and massage guns currently have a lower level of evidence and mixed results for their efficacy. Finally, we provide guidance for practitioners when deciding on recovery strategies to use with athletes during different phases of the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
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43
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Hu H, Ma Y, Gao X, Song D, Li M, Huang H, Qian X, Wu R, Shi K, Ding H, Lin M, Chen X, Zhao W, Qi B, Zhou S, Chen R, Gu Y, Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang C, Wang C, Tong Y, Cui H, Abdal A, Zhu Y, Tian X, Chen Z, Lu C, Yang X, Mu J, Lou Z, Eghtedari M, Zhou Q, Oberai A, Xu S. Stretchable ultrasonic arrays for the three-dimensional mapping of the modulus of deep tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1321-1334. [PMID: 37127710 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Serial assessment of the biomechanical properties of tissues can be used to aid the early detection and management of pathophysiological conditions, to track the evolution of lesions and to evaluate the progress of rehabilitation. However, current methods are invasive, can be used only for short-term measurements, or have insufficient penetration depth or spatial resolution. Here we describe a stretchable ultrasonic array for performing serial non-invasive elastographic measurements of tissues up to 4 cm beneath the skin at a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. The array conforms to human skin and acoustically couples with it, allowing for accurate elastographic imaging, which we validated via magnetic resonance elastography. We used the device to map three-dimensional distributions of the Young's modulus of tissues ex vivo, to detect microstructural damage in the muscles of volunteers before the onset of soreness and to monitor the dynamic recovery process of muscle injuries during physiotherapies. The technology may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting tissue biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Hu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ray Wu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keren Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Muyang Lin
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baiyan Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sai Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yue Gu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yimu Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusheng Lei
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chonghe Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yitian Tong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Cui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdulhameed Abdal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chengchangfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Eghtedari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Assad Oberai
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Khataei T, Benson CJ. ASIC3 plays a protective role in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) through muscle acid sensation during exercise. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1215197. [PMID: 37795390 PMCID: PMC10546048 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediate exercise-induced pain (IEIP) and DOMS are two types of exercise-induced muscle pain and can act as barriers to exercise. The burning sensation of IEIP occurs during and immediately after intensive exercise, whereas the soreness of DOMS occurs later. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) within muscle afferents are activated by H+ and other chemicals and have been shown to play a role in various chronic muscle pain conditions. Here, we further defined the role of ASICs in IEIP, and also tested if ASIC3 is required for DOMS. After undergoing exhaustive treadmill exercise, exercise-induced muscle pain was assessed in wild-type (WT) and ASIC3-/- mice at baseline via muscle withdrawal threshold (MWT), immediately, and 24 h after exercise. Locomotor movement, grip strength, and repeat exercise performance were tested at baseline and 24 h after exercise to evaluate DOMS. We found that ASIC3-/- had similar baseline muscle pain, locomotor activity, grip strength, and exercise performance as WT mice. WT showed diminished MWT immediately after exercise indicating they developed IEIP, but ASIC3-/- mice did not. At 24 h after baseline exercise, both ASIC3-/- and WT had similarly lower MWT and grip strength, however, ASIC3-/- displayed significantly lower locomotor activity and repeat exercise performance at 24 h time points compared to WT. In addition, ASIC3-/- mice had higher muscle injury as measured by serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels at 24 h after exercise. These results show that ASIC3 is required for IEIP, but not DOMS, and in fact might play a protective role to prevent muscle injury associated with strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Khataei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Benson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, United States
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45
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Silva G, Goethel M, Machado L, Sousa F, Costa MJ, Magalhães P, Silva C, Midão M, Leite A, Couto S, Silva R, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ. Acute Recovery after a Fatigue Protocol Using a Recovery Sports Legging: An Experimental Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7634. [PMID: 37688089 PMCID: PMC10490679 DOI: 10.3390/s23177634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing recovery is a fundamental component of high-performance sports training since it enables practitioners to potentiate physical performance and minimise the risk of injuries. Using a new sports legging embedded with an intelligent system for electrostimulation, localised heating and compression (completely embodied into the textile structures), we aimed to analyse acute recovery following a fatigue protocol. Surface electromyography- and torque-related variables were recorded on eight recreational athletes. A fatigue protocol conducted in an isokinetic dynamometer allowed us to examine isometric torque and consequent post-exercise acute recovery after using the sports legging. Regarding peak torque, no differences were found between post-fatigue and post-recovery assessments in any variable; however, pre-fatigue registered a 16% greater peak torque when compared with post-fatigue for localised heating and compression recovery methods. Our data are supported by recent meta-analyses indicating that individual recovery methods, such as localised heating, electrostimulation and compression, are not effective to recover from a fatiguing exercise. In fact, none of the recovery methods available through the sports legging tested was effective in acutely recovering the torque values produced isometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Silva
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcio Goethel
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Machado
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Sousa
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Jorge Costa
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Magalhães
- Tintex Textiles S.A., 4924-909 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Silva
- Tintex Textiles S.A., 4924-909 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Marta Midão
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - André Leite
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | | | | | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Fernandes
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (G.S.)
- Faculty of Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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46
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Gottschalk F, Eiken O, Elia A, Gennser M. Eccentric exercise 24 h prior to hypobaric decompression increases decompression strain. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2001-2011. [PMID: 37140728 PMCID: PMC10460726 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal studies have shown that recent musculoskeletal injuries increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). However, to date no similar experimental study has been performed in humans. The aim was to investigate if exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)-as provoked by eccentric work and characterized by reduced strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)-leads to increased formation of venous gas emboli (VGE) during subsequent hypobaric exposure. METHODS Each subject (n = 13) was on two occasions exposed to a simulated altitude of 24,000 ft for 90 min, whilst breathing oxygen. Twenty-four hours prior to one of the altitude exposures, each subject performed 15 min of eccentric arm-crank exercise. Markers of EIMD were reduction in isometric m. biceps brachii strength and DOMS as assessed on the Borg CR10 pain scale. The presence of VGE was measured in the right cardiac ventricle using ultrasound, with measurements performed at rest and after three leg kicks and three arm flexions. The degree of VGE was evaluated using the six-graded Eftedal-Brubakk scale and the Kisman integrated severity score (KISS). RESULTS Eccentric exercise induced DOMS (median 6.5), reduced the biceps brachii strength (from 230 ± 62 N to 151 ± 8.8 N) and increased the mean KISS at 24,000 ft, both at rest (from 1.2 ± 2.3 to 6.9 ± 9.2, p = 0.01) and after arm flexions (from 3.8 ± 6.2 to 15.5 ± 17.3, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION EIMD, induced by eccentric work, provokes release of VGE in response to acute decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Gottschalk
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Traumatology, KI Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ola Eiken
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonis Elia
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Gennser
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Deguchi M, Homma H, de Almeida KY, Kozuma A, Saito M, Tsuchiya Y, Kouzaki K, Ochi E, Okamoto T, Nakazato K, Kikuchi N. Association of MMP3 gene polymorphism and sex on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:527-533. [PMID: 37471217 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00333.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise may be influenced by sex and genotype. A candidate genetic polymorphism associated with response during muscle recovery is the MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism, encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3). Here, we investigated the effect of the MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism and sex on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise. A total of 95 healthy subjects (50 men and 45 women) performed five sets of six maximal eccentric elbow flexion exercises. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion (ROM), and muscle soreness, as well as blood parameters [creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], were assessed immediately before and after and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after eccentric exercise. No significant time × group interaction in MVC torque after exercise was observed between groups in both sexes. Furthermore, sex differences were identified in the area under the curves (AUC) of CK and IL-6, both of which were higher in men than those in women. A significant genotype-sex interaction was identified in the recovery of MVC, calculated by subtracting the MVC immediately after exercise from the MVC on day 5 after eccentric exercise. The G allele showed a significantly lower recovery of MVC than the AA genotype in men. However, no significant differences were observed in women. This study demonstrated the interaction between the MMP3 rs522616 polymorphism and sex in recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences were identified in the AUC of creatin kinase (CK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after eccentric exercise, both of which were greater in men. A genotype-sex interaction was identified in recovery of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The G allele showed a significantly lower recovery of MVC than AA genotype in men. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the interaction between MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism and sex difference on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Deguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Homma
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen Y de Almeida
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kozuma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Saito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Malta ES, Lopes VHF, Esco MR, Zagatto AM. Repeated cold-water immersion improves autonomic cardiac modulation following five sessions of high-intensity interval exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1939-1948. [PMID: 37103570 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated cold-water immersion (CWI) after high-intensity interval exercise sessions on cardiac-autonomic modulation, neuromuscular performance, muscle damage markers, and session internal load. METHODS Twenty-one participants underwent five sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (6-7 bouts of 2 min; pause of 2 min) over a two-week period. Participants were allocated randomly into either a group that underwent CWI (11-min; 11 °C) or a group that performed passive recovery after each exercise session. Before the exercise sessions were performed, countermovement jump (CMJ) and heart rate variability were recorded (i.e., rMSSD, low and high frequency power and its ratio, SD1 and SD2). Exercise heart rate was calculated by recording the area under the curve (AUC) response. Internal session load was evaluated 30 min after each session. Blood concentrations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed before the first visit and 24 h after the last sessions. RESULTS The CWI group presented higher rMSSD than the control group at each time point (group-effect P = 0.037). The SD1 was higher in CWI group when compared to the control group following the last exercise session (interaction P = 0.038). SD2 was higher in CWI group compared to the control group at each time point (group-effect P = 0.030). Both groups presented equal CMJ performance (P > 0.05), internal load (group-effect P = 0.702; interaction P = 0.062), heart rate AUC (group-effect P = 0.169; interaction P = 0.663), and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase blood concentrations (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Repeated post-exercise CWI improves cardiac-autonomic modulation. However, no differences in neuromuscular performance, muscle damage markers, or session internal load were demonstrated between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Souza Malta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance -LAFIDE and Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem LimpaBauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance -LAFIDE and Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem LimpaBauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Michael R Esco
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance -LAFIDE and Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem LimpaBauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil.
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49
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Fehr CM, McEwen G, Robinson C. The Effects of "Physical BEMER® Vascular Therapy" on Work Performed During Repeated Wingate Sprints. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:732-737. [PMID: 35481952 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2053040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) on recovery and performance parameters in anaerobic exercise compared to active and passive recovery. Method: Fifteen recreationally active participants completed four sessions separated by 2-5 days between each session. The first visit involved one Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT; 30-s cycling sprint on a Monark ergometer) to familiarize participants with testing procedures. The three subsequent sessions involved four repeated WAnTs. Each sprint was followed by 4 min of either passive recovery (laying supine), active recovery (pedaling at 50 rpm at 20% of sprint workload), or BEMER recovery (laying supine on the BEMER body pad at intensity level "5-Plus."). The same recovery method was used within each testing session, and recovery method order was randomized across participants. Results: There was no difference in peak power, average power, fatigue index, or average work performed between recovery conditions. Active recovery resulted in a statistically significant decrease in ratings of pain intensity (M = -0.767, SD = 0.928) and pain unpleasantness (M = -0.608, SD = 0.915), from the first minute to the fourth minute of recovery, compared to both BEMER (Intensity: M = 0.675, SD = 0.745, Unpleasantness: M = 1.125, SD = 0.862) and passive (Intensity: M = 0.542, SD = 0.774, Unpleasantness: M = 1.018, SD = 0.872) recoveries, where pain ratings increased. Conclusions: Although no recovery method resulted in increased performance, active recovery led to a more comfortable exercise experience while still allowing comparable exercise performance.
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Rosvoglou A, Fatouros IG, Poulios A, Tsatalas T, Papanikolaou K, Karampina E, Liakou CA, Tsimeas P, Karanika P, Tsoukas D, Katrabasas I, Chatzinikolaou A, Deli CK, Giakas G, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D. Recovery kinetics following eccentric exercise is volume-dependent. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1326-1335. [PMID: 37864292 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2272101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effect of 75 vs 150 vs 300 intensity-matched eccentric contractions on muscle damage and performance recovery kinetics. Ten healthy males participated in a randomized, cross-over study consisted of 4 experimental trials (ECC75, ECC150, ECC300 and Control - no exercise) with a 4-week washout period in-between. Performance and muscle damage, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated at baseline, post-exercise, 24, 48 and 192 hours following each exercise protocol. Concentric and eccentric peak torque decreased similarly in ECC150 and ECC300 during the first 48 h of recovery (p < 0.05) but remained unaffected in ECC75. Countermovement jump indices decreased post-exercise and at 24 h in ECC150 and ECC300, with ECC300 inducing a more pronounced reduction (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase increased until 48 h of recovery in all trials and remained elevated up to 192 h only in ECC300 (p < 0.05). Delayed onset of muscle soreness increased, and knee-joint range of motion decreased in a volume-dependent manner during the first 48 h (p < 0.05). Likewise, a volume-dependent decline of glutathione and a rise of protein carbonyls was observed during the first 48 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that muscle damage and performance recovery following eccentric exercise is volume dependent, at least in lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Rosvoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Evaggeli Karampina
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Christina A Liakou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiota Karanika
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsoukas
- 5th Orthopaedic Clinic for Advanced Arthroscopic Sports and Regenerative Surgery, Mitera Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Giannis Giakas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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