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Soloviev A, Sydorenko V. Oxidative and Nitrous Stress Underlies Vascular Malfunction Induced by Ionizing Radiation and Diabetes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:776-788. [PMID: 38916845 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in quantities exceeding the potential activity of the body's antioxidant system and is one of the risk factors for the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and exposure to ionizing radiation. Being the secondary products of normal aerobic metabolism in living organisms, ROS and RNS act as signaling molecules that play an important role in the regulation of vital organism functions. Meanwhile, in high concentrations, these compounds are toxic and disrupt various metabolic pathways. The various stress factors (hyperglycemia, gamma-irradiation, etc.) trigger free oxygen and nitrogen radicals accumulation in cells that are capable to damage almost all cellular components including ion channels and transporters such as Na+/K+-ATPase, BKCa, and TRP channels. Vascular dysfunctions are governed by interaction of ROS and RNS. For example, the reaction of ROS with NO produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which not only oxidizes DNA, cellular proteins, and lipids, but also disrupts important signaling pathways that regulate the cation channel functions in the vascular endothelium. Further increasing in ROS levels and formation of ONOO- leads to reduced NO bioavailability and causes endothelial dysfunction. Thus, imbalance of ROS and RNS and their affect on membrane ion channels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction associated with various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Soloviev
- Department for Pharmacology of Cellular Signaling Systems and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Vadym Sydorenko
- Department for Pharmacology of Cellular Signaling Systems and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Chen X, Ni J, Xu S, Peng Y, Wang G, Sun W, Liu X, Pan F. The impact of short-term exposure to meteorological factors on the risk of death from hypertension and its major complications: a time series analysis based on Hefei, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:313-329. [PMID: 38403848 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the short-term impact of meteorological factors on the mortality risk in hypertensive patients, providing a scientific foundation for formulating pertinent prevention and control policies. METHODS In this research, meteorological factor data and daily death data of hypertensive patients in Hefei City from 2015 to 2018 were integrated. Time series analysis was performed using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and generalized additive model (GAM). Furthermore, we conducted stratified analysis based on gender and age. Relative risk (RR) combined with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to represent the mortality risk of single day and cumulative day in hypertensive patients. RESULTS Single-day lag results indicated that high daily mean temperature (T mean) (75th percentile, 24.9 °C) and low diurnal temperature range (DTR) (25th percentile, 4.20 °C) levels were identified as risk factors for death in hypertensive patients (maximum effective RR values were 1.144 and 1.122, respectively). Extremely high levels of relative humidity (RH) (95th percentile, 94.29%) reduced the risk of death (RR value was 0.893). The stratified results showed that the elderly and female populations are more susceptible to low DTR levels, whereas extremely high levels of RH have a more significant protective effect on both populations. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that exposure to low DTR and high T mean environments increases the risk of death for hypertensive patients, while exposure to extremely high RH environments significantly reduces the risk of death for hypertensive patients. These findings contribute valuable insights for shaping targeted prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Siwen Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 86 Luan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Rawat M, Lakshminrusimha S, Vento M. Pulmonary hypertension and oxidative stress: Where is the link? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101347. [PMID: 35473693 PMCID: PMC11151383 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be associated with hyperoxia and hypoxia and is characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species generated by an underlying disease process or by supplemental oxygen that exceeds the neutralization capacity of the organ system. ROS and RNS acting as free radicals can inactive several enzymes and vasodilators in the nitric oxide pathway promoting pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Studies in animal models of PPHN have shown high ROS/RNS that is further increased by hyperoxic ventilation. In addition, antioxidant therapy increased PaO2 in these models, but clinical trials are lacking. We recommend targeting preductal SpO2 between 90 and 97%, PaO2 between 55 and 80 mmHg and avoiding FiO2 > 0.6-0.8 if possible during PPHN management. This review highlights the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers on PPHN and potential therapeutic interventions that may alleviate the consequences of increased oxidant stress during ventilation with supplemental oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Rawat
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Maximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Shishikura D, Octavia Y, Hayat U, Thondapu V, Barlis P. Atherogenesis and Inflammation. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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6
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Karbalaei S, Goldsmith CR. Recent advances in the preclinical development of responsive MRI contrast agents capable of detecting hydrogen peroxide. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 230:111763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Chen P, Li B, Ou-Yang L. Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839005. [PMID: 36060947 PMCID: PMC9433670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans. Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system-related disorders (endometriosis, and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer), bone-related abnormalities, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, urogenital tract disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cutaneous melanoma. ER alpha (ERα), ER beta (ERβ), and novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) have been identified as the most prominent ERs. This review provides an overview of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1, as well as their functions in health and disease. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Li
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, libo‐‐
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8
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Zhao T, Qi W, Yang P, Yang L, Shi Y, Zhou L, Ye L. Mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM 2.5: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65033-65051. [PMID: 34617228 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) could affect the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the studies conducted in vitro investigations using different cell lines. In this review, we examined recently published reports cited by PubMed or Web of Science on the topic of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5 that carried the term in vitro. Here, we summarized the suggested mechanisms of PM2.5 leading to adverse effects and cardiovascular toxicity including oxidative stress; the increase of vascular endothelial permeability; the injury of vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity in vascular endothelial cell lines; macrophage polarization and apoptosis in macrophage cell lines; and hypermethylation and apoptosis in the AC16 cell line and the related signaling pathways, which provided a new research direction of cardiovascular toxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jilin Provincial Institute of Public Health), Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China.
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9
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Cheng Y, Tang L, Hong D, Yang X. Lycopene ameliorates insulin resistance and increases muscle capillary density in aging via activation of SIRT1. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108862. [PMID: 34530111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene (Ly) is a kind of hydrocarbon, which belongs to the family of tetraterpene carotene and exists in red fruits and vegetables. The decrease of capillary density and blood flow with age is a significant reason for the increase of mortality and morbidity. Herein, our study aims to explore the effects of Ly (a bioactive food compound) on vascular aging in vitro and in vivo and its potential mechanisms. The cytological results showed that Ly could promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) and enhance the ability of HUVECs to form capillary-like structures. Furthermore, the expression of SIRT1 in aged HUVECs was up-regulated. In vivo, aging rats showed signs of insulin resistance and blood vessel damage. Additionally, the capillary density and blood flow were reduced during the vascular aging process in both D-gal-induced and naturally aging muscle. However, when Ly was given, these conditions could be reversed. Simultaneously, the contents of ATP, lactic acid and pyruvic acid were determined, and it was found that Ly could promote angiogenesis by increasing the utilization rate of glucose and promoting energy metabolism. Finally, in the insulin resistance cell model, we knocked down the SIRT1 and administrated with Ly, and found that it couldn't restore insulin transdution. In conclusion, all the data in this study demonstrate that Ly could reactivate SIRT1 and improve insulin resistance, which was a reversible cause of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yingjiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ding Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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10
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Rysz J, Gluba-Brzózka A, Rokicki R, Franczyk B. Oxidative Stress-Related Susceptibility to Aneurysm in Marfan's Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091171. [PMID: 34572356 PMCID: PMC8467736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of highly reactive oxygen-derived free radicals (ROS) in the genesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmias, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary arterial disease and congestive heart failure, is well-established. It has also been suggested that ROS may play a role in aortic aneurysm formation in patients with Marfan's syndrome (MFS). This syndrome is a multisystem disorder with manifestations including cardiovascular, skeletal, pulmonary and ocular systems, however, aortic aneurysm and dissection are still the most life-threatening manifestations of MFS. In this review, we will concentrate on the impact of oxidative stress on aneurysm formation in patients with MFS as well as on possible beneficial effects of some agents with antioxidant properties. Mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress in the MFS model involve a decreased expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as enhanced expression of NAD(P)H oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and xanthine oxidase. The results of studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species may be involved in smooth muscle cell phenotype switching and apoptosis as well as matrix metalloproteinase activation, resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The progression of the thoracic aortic aneurysm was suggested to be associated with markedly impaired aortic contractile function and decreased nitric oxide-mediated endothelial-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | - Robert Rokicki
- Clinic of Hand Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
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11
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Mukherjee D, Konduri GG. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2135-2190. [PMID: 34190343 PMCID: PMC8289457 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a multifactorial disease with diverse etiologies and presenting features. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as elevated pulmonary artery pressure, is the presenting feature for several pulmonary vascular diseases. It is often a hidden component of other lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Alterations in lung development and genetic conditions are an important contributor to pediatric pulmonary hypertensive disease, which is a distinct entity from adult PH. Many of the causes of pediatric PH have prenatal onset with altered lung development due to maternal and fetal conditions. Since lung growth is altered in several conditions that lead to PPH, therapy for PPH includes both pulmonary vasodilators and strategies to restore lung growth. These strategies include optimal alveolar recruitment, maintaining physiologic blood gas tension, nutritional support, and addressing contributing factors, such as airway disease and gastroesophageal reflux. The outcome for infants and children with PH is highly variable and largely dependent on the underlying cause. The best outcomes are for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and reversible lung diseases, while some genetic conditions such as alveolar capillary dysplasia are lethal. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2135-2190, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashis Mukherjee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
| | - Girija G. Konduri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
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12
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Abstract
A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of nitric oxide by superoxide, our understanding of relevant reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite) and how they modify complex signaling pathways to promote hypertension has expanded significantly. In this review, we summarize recent advances in delineating the primary and secondary sources of reactive oxygen species (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria), the posttranslational oxidative modifications they induce on protein targets important for redox signaling, their interplay with endogenous antioxidant systems, and the role of inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticular stress in the development of hypertension. We highlight how oxidative stress in different organ systems contributes to hypertension, describe new animal models that have clarified the importance of specific proteins, and discuss clinical studies that shed light on how these processes and pathways are altered in human hypertension. Finally, we focus on the promise of redox proteomics and systems biology to help us fully understand the relationship between ROS and hypertension and their potential for designing and evaluating novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
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13
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Ishii S, Ashino T, Fujimori H, Numazawa S. Reactive sulfur species inhibit the migration of PDGF-treated vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking the reactive oxygen species-regulated Akt signaling pathway. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:186-197. [PMID: 33641584 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1887485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration contributes to vascular remodeling after injury, whereas oxidative stress generated through dysfunctional redox homeostasis induces hypermigration, leading to arteriosclerosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as intracellular signaling molecules in VSMCs. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) may serve as a biological defense system because of the antioxidative properties of highly nucleophilic sulfane sulfur. However, insufficient information is available on its function in PDGF-induced VSMC migration. Here we show that PDGF significantly increased the levels of intracellular sulfane sulfur and that intracellular sulfane sulfur donors, donor 5a and Na2S4, inhibited the increase in ROS levels in PDGF-treated VSMCs and inhibited their migration. Consistent with the migration results, sulfane sulfur donors inhibited Akt phosphorylation, a downstream signaling molecule in the PDGF cascade, without affecting the autophosphorylation of PDGF receptor-β. Further, sulfane sulfur donors inhibited vinculin and paxillin recruitment to the leading edge of VSMCs in response to PDGF to decrease focal adhesion formation. These findings suggest that RSS are required for PDGF-stimulated VSMC migration through the regulation of the ROS-regulated Akt pathway, which may contribute to focal adhesion formation. Our findings provide insight into RSS as novel regulators of vascular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Ishii
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ashino
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujimori
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Su XT, Wang L, Ma SM, Cao Y, Yang NN, Lin LL, Fisher M, Yang JW, Liu CZ. Mechanisms of Acupuncture in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Treating Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7875396. [PMID: 33178387 PMCID: PMC7644298 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7875396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the major type of cerebrovascular disease usually resulting in death or disability among the aging population globally. Oxidative stress has been closely linked with ischemic stroke. Disequilibrium between excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inherent antioxidant capacity leads to subsequent oxidative damage in the pathological progression of ischemic brain injury. Acupuncture has been applied widely in treating cerebrovascular diseases from time immemorial in China. This review mainly lays stress on the evidence to illuminate the possible mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in treating ischemic stroke through regulating oxidative stress. We found that by regulating a battery of molecular signaling pathways involved in redox modulation, acupuncture not only activates the inherent antioxidant enzyme system but also inhibits the excessive generation of ROS. Acupuncture therapy possesses the potential in alleviating oxidative stress caused by cerebral ischemia, which may be linked with the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Su
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Aryan L, Younessi D, Zargari M, Banerjee S, Agopian J, Rahman S, Borna R, Ruffenach G, Umar S, Eghbali M. The Role of Estrogen Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124314. [PMID: 32560398 PMCID: PMC7352426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. More than 17 million people die worldwide from CVD per year. There is considerable evidence suggesting that estrogen modulates cardiovascular physiology and function in both health and disease, and that it could potentially serve as a cardioprotective agent. The effects of estrogen on cardiovascular function are mediated by nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors (ERs), including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and G-protein-coupled ER (GPR30 or GPER). Receptor binding in turn confers pleiotropic effects through both genomic and non-genomic signaling to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Each ER has been implicated in multiple pre-clinical cardiovascular disease models. This review will discuss current reports on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the ERs in regulating vascular pathology, with a special emphasis on hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and atherosclerosis, as well as in regulating cardiac pathology, with a particular emphasis on ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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16
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Pascale CL, Martinez AN, Carr C, Sawyer DM, Ribeiro-Alves M, Chen M, O'Donnell DB, Guidry JJ, Amenta PS, Dumont AS. Treatment with dimethyl fumarate reduces the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms: Role of Nrf2 activation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1077-1089. [PMID: 31220996 PMCID: PMC7181091 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19858888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in arterial walls have been implicated in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exhibits immunomodulatory properties, partly via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway which reduces oxidative stress by inducing the antioxidant response element (ARE). This study evaluated the effects of DMF both in vitro, using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and in vivo, using a murine elastase model to induce aneurysm formation. The mice were treated with either DMF at 100 mg/kg/day P.O. or vehicle for two weeks. DMF treatment protected VSMCs from TNF-α-induced inflammation as demonstrated by its downregulation of cytokines and upregulation of Nrf2 and smooth muscle cell markers. At higher doses, DMF also inhibited the pro-proliferative action of TNF-α by increasing apoptosis which protected the cells from aponecrosis. In mice, DMF treatment significantly decreased the incidence of aneurysm formation and rupture, at the same time increasing Nrf2 levels. DMF demonstrated a neuroprotective effect in mice with a resultant inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the cerebrovasculature. This suggests a potential role for DMF as a rescue therapy for patients at risk for formation and rupture of IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissey L Pascale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alejandra N Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher Carr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David M Sawyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI)-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Devon B O'Donnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Proteomics Core Facility, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Peter S Amenta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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17
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Abstract
The microcirculation maintains tissue homeostasis through local regulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery. Perturbations in microvascular function are characteristic of several diseases and may be early indicators of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system and in parenchymal tissue function. These changes are often mediated by various reactive oxygen species and linked to disruptions in pathways such as vasodilation or angiogenesis. This overview compiles recent advances relating to redox regulation of the microcirculation by adopting both cellular and functional perspectives. Findings from a variety of vascular beds and models are integrated to describe common effects of different reactive species on microvascular function. Gaps in understanding and areas for further research are outlined. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:229-260, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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18
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ACE-Triggered Hypertension Incites Stroke: Genetic, Molecular, and Therapeutic Aspects. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:194-209. [PMID: 31802381 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of hypertension and consequently stroke. It encodes ACE enzyme that converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to active octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang II). Dysregulation in the expression of ACE gene, on account of genetic variants or regulation by miRNAs, alters the levels of ACE in the circulation. Variable expression of ACE affects the levels of Ang II. Ang II acts through different signal transduction pathways via various tyrosine kinases (receptor/non-receptor) and protein serine/threonine kinases, initiating a downstream cascade of molecular events. In turn these activated molecular pathways might lead to hypertension and inflammation thereby resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. In order to regulate the overexpression of ACE, many ACE inhibitors and blockers have been developed, some of which are still under clinical trials.
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19
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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20
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Wedgwood S, Steinhorn RH, Lakshminrusimha S. Optimal oxygenation and role of free radicals in PPHN. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:97-106. [PMID: 30995536 PMCID: PMC6761018 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective ventilation of the lungs is essential in mediating pulmonary vasodilation at birth to allow effective gas exchange and an increase in systemic oxygenation. Unsuccessful transition prevents the increase in pulmonary blood flow after birth resulting in hypoxemia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Management of neonates with PPHN includes ventilation of the lungs with supplemental oxygen to correct hypoxemia. Optimal oxygenation should meet oxygen demand to the tissues and avoid hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) while preventing oxidative stress. The optimal target for oxygenation in PPHN is not known. Animal models have demonstrated that PaO2<45 mmHg exacerbates HPV. However, there are no practical methods of assessing oxygen levels associated with oxidant stress. Oxidant stress can be due to free radical generation from underlying lung disease or from free radicals generated by supplemental oxygen. Free radicals act on the nitric oxide pathway reducing cGMP and promoting pulmonary vasoconstriction. Antioxidant therapy improves systemic oxygenation in an animal model of PPHN but there are no clinical trials to support such therapy. Targeting preductal SpO2 between 90 and 97% and PaO2 at 50-80 mmHg appears prudent in PPHN but clinical trials to support this practice are lacking. Preterm infants with PPHN present unique challenges due to lack of antioxidant defenses and functional and structural immaturity of the lungs. This review highlights the need for additional studies to mitigate the impact of oxidative stress in the lung and pulmonary vasculature in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robin H Steinhorn
- Department of Hospitalist Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington DC, USA
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21
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Rondeau V, Jain A, Truong V, Srivastava AK. Involvement of the Akt-dependent CREB signaling pathway in hydrogen-peroxide-induced early growth response protein-1 expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:885-892. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased generation of reactive oxygen species is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Excessive growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been suggested to be major contributors to vascular dysfunction. Potential involvement of early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor, in the development of vascular diseases has been suggested. Recent studies have shown that the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases Egr-1 expression in VSMCs; however, signaling events leading to H2O2-induced Egr-1 expression are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the signaling pathways implicated in H2O2-induced Egr-1 expression in rat VSMCs. Pharmacological blockade of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway by wortmannin or SC66 significantly inhibited the protein and mRNA levels of Egr-1 induced by H2O2. H2O2-induced Egr-1 expression was associated with increased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, and pharmacological inhibition or silencing of Akt attenuated both H2O2-induced CREB phosphorylation and Egr-1 expression. Moreover, RNA interference-mediated depletion of CREB almost completely suppressed the stimulatory effect of H2O2 on Egr-1 expression. Pharmacological blockade or silencing of c-Src resulted in significant suppression of H2O2-induced Egr-1 expression as well as Akt and CREB phosphorylation. These data show that H2O2 enhances the expression of Egr-1, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt, and H2O2 triggers its effects on Egr-1 expression through c-Src–mediated Akt and CREB-dependent signaling events in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rondeau
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ashish Jain
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Vanessa Truong
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ashok K. Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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22
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Tang W, Li C, He Z, Pan F, Pan S, Wang Y. Probiotic Properties and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 Isolated from Tibetan Kefir Grains. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:523-533. [PMID: 29159445 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 was isolated from traditional Chinese Tibetan kefir grains. Its antioxidant properties had been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo previously. In the present study, the probiotic characteristics of this strain were further evaluated by investigating its acid and bile salt tolerances, cell surface hydrophobicity, and autoaggregation, respectively. In addition, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay was applied to test the antioxidant capacity of the isolate in different growth phases. Same method was also used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of its fermentation supernatant, cell-free extract, and intact cell quantitatively. The results of probiotic characteristic tests showed that MA2 could survive at pH 2.5 and 0.3% bile salt. Meanwhile, the measurements of cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were 45.29 ± 2.15 and 6.30 ± 0.34%, respectively. The results of cellular antioxidant activity tests indicated that MA2 had high antioxidant potential. The CAA value of logarithmic phase cell-free extract of MA2 (39,450.00 ± 424.05 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g sample) was significantly higher than that in stationary phase cell-free extract (3395.98 ± 126.06 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g sample) and that of fermentation supernatant in logarithmic phase (2174.41 ± 224.47 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g sample) (p < 0.05). The CAA method was successively applied to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of MA2 in this study, which suggests that it could be used as a useful method for lactic acid bacteria antioxidant potential evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zengguo He
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Fen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. .,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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23
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Reactive Oxygen Species from NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondria Participate in the Proliferation of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells from a Model of Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5835072. [PMID: 30671170 PMCID: PMC6323422 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5835072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic diseases, the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents one of the pathogenic mechanisms for vascular disease probably by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation that contributes to the development of arterial remodeling and stenosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the participation of ROS from NADPH oxidase and mitochondria in the proliferation of SMCs from the aorta in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by sucrose feeding in rats. After 24 weeks, sucrose-fed (SF) rats develop hypertension, intra-abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. In addition SMCs from SF rats had a higher growth rate and produce more ROS than control cells. The treatment of SMCs with DPI and apocynin to inhibit NADPH oxidase and with tempol to scavenge superoxide anion significantly blocked the proliferation of both SF and control cells suggesting the participation of NADPH oxidase as a source of superoxide anion. MitoTEMPO, which targets mitochondria within the cell, also significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMCs having a greater effect on cells from SF than from the control aorta. The higher rate of cell growth from the SF aorta is supported by the increased content of cyclophilin A and CD147, proteins involved in the mechanism of cell proliferation. In addition, caldesmon, α-actin, and phosphorylated myosin light chain, contractile phenotype proteins, were found significantly lower in SF cells in no confluent state and increased in confluent state but without difference between both cell types. Our results suggest that ROS from NADPH oxidase and mitochondria significantly participate in the difference found in the rate of cell growth between SF and control cells.
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24
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Yu M, Bouley BS, Xie D, Enriquez JS, Que EL. 19F PARASHIFT Probes for Magnetic Resonance Detection of H2O2 and Peroxidase Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10546-10552. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Bailey S. Bouley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - José S. Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Emily L. Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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25
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Nguyen EK, Koval OM, Noble P, Broadhurst K, Allamargot C, Wu M, Strack S, Thiel WH, Grumbach IM. CaMKII (Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II) in Mitochondria of Smooth Muscle Cells Controls Mitochondrial Mobility, Migration, and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1333-1345. [PMID: 29599132 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to define the mechanisms by which mitochondria control vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and impact neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS The multifunctional CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) in the mitochondrial matrix of VSMC drove a feed-forward circuit with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) to promote matrix Ca2+ influx. MCU was necessary for the activation of mitochondrial CaMKII (mtCaMKII), whereas mtCaMKII phosphorylated MCU at the regulatory site S92 that promotes Ca2+ entry. mtCaMKII was necessary and sufficient for platelet-derived growth factor-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This effect was dependent on MCU. mtCaMKII and MCU inhibition abrogated VSMC migration and mitochondrial translocation to the leading edge. Overexpression of wild-type MCU, but not MCU S92A, mutant in MCU-/- VSMC rescued migration and mitochondrial mobility. Inhibition of microtubule, but not of actin assembly, blocked mitochondrial mobility. The outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase Miro-1 promotes mitochondrial mobility via microtubule transport but arrests it in subcellular domains of high Ca2+ concentrations. In Miro-1-/- VSMC, mitochondrial mobility and VSMC migration were abolished, and overexpression of mtCaMKII or a CaMKII inhibitory peptide in mitochondria (mtCaMKIIN) had no effect. Consistently, inhibition of mtCaMKII increased and prolonged cytosolic Ca2+ transients. mtCaMKII inhibition diminished phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and myosin light chain, leading to reduced focal adhesion turnover and cytoskeletal remodeling. In a transgenic model of selective mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in VSMC, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify mitochondrial CaMKII as a key regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU, thereby controlling mitochondrial translocation and VSMC migration after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Nguyen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (E.K.N.)
| | - Olha M Koval
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Paige Noble
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | | | - Meng Wu
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (M.W.).,High Throughput Screening Facility (M.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine (M.W.)
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine (S.S.)
| | - William H Thiel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.) .,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (I.M.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
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26
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Bussey CT, Erickson JR. Physiology and pathology of cardiac CaMKII. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Flavonoids and Their Metabolites: Prevention in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Diseases 2017; 5:diseases5030019. [PMID: 32962323 PMCID: PMC5622335 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of atherosclerosis and diabetes is expanding rapidly worldwide. These two metabolic disorders often co-occur, and are part of what is often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. In order to determine future therapies, we propose that molecular mechanisms should be investigated. Once the aetiology of the metabolic syndrome is clear, a nutritional intervention should be assessed. Here we focus on the protective effects of some dietary flavonoids, and their metabolites. Further studies may also pave the way for development of novel drug candidates.
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28
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Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Biundo F, D'Amico R, Benedetto F, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Palmitoylethanolamide and Polydatin combination reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular injury. Pharmacol Res 2017; 123:83-92. [PMID: 28676456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammation responses are important risk factors for vascular remodeling processes such as in atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and restenosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress in the intimal region after vascular damage are a key event in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. In this study, we used this model of vascular damage, which involves the complete ligature of the left carotid artery for 14days, to observe the role of N-palmitoylethanolamine in combination with Polydatin at the dose of 30mg/kg, on regulation of inflammatory process, and oxidative stress. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide belonging to the N-acylethanolamine family, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, PEA lacks direct capacity to prevent formation of free radicals. Polydatin (PLD) that is a natural precursor of resveratrol has antioxidant activity. Thus, the combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on inflammatory process and oxidative stress. This model shows that 14days after carotid artery ligation there is a significant structural change within the vessel, and that there is an important involvement of the inflammatory pathway in the progression of this disease. In this study we demonstrated that PEA/PLD combination treatment reduces vessel damage, adhesion molecules expression such as intercellular adhesion molecules-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1(V-CAM), proinflammatory cytokines production (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PAR), formation, Nuclear factor kappa-B expression and apoptosis (BAX, Fas-Ligand) activation. Our results clearly demonstrated that treatment with PEA/PLD 30mg/Kg is able to reduce vascular damage and attenuates the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Flavia Biundo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Filippo Benedetto
- Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, USA.
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29
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Yu M, Ward MB, Franke A, Ambrose SL, Whaley ZL, Bradford TM, Gorden JD, Beyers RJ, Cattley RC, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Schwartz DD, Goldsmith CR. Adding a Second Quinol to a Redox-Responsive MRI Contrast Agent Improves Its Relaxivity Response to H2O2. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2812-2826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Meghan B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen L. Ambrose
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zachary L. Whaley
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Thomas Miller Bradford
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - John D. Gorden
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ronald J. Beyers
- Auburn University Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Russell C. Cattley
- Department
of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | | | - Dean D. Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and
Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Christian R. Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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30
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Abstract
The aorta is a blood vessel that provides a low-resistance path for blood flow directed from the heart to peripheral organs and tissues. However, the aorta has another central hemodynamic function, whereby the elastic nature of the aortic wall provides a significant biomechanical buffering capacity complementing the pulsatile cardiac blood flow, and this is often referred to as Windkessel function. Stiffening of the arterial wall leads to fundamental alterations in central hemodynamics, with widespread detrimental implications for organ function. In this Recent Highlights article, we describe recent contributions in ATVB that have highlighted the novel mechanisms and consequences of arterial stiffness and the clinical conditions in which arterial stiffness occurs, with a focus on advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N. Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Hussain A, Suleiman MS, George SJ, Loubani M, Morice A. Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Humans: Tale or Myth. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2017; 11:1-13. [PMID: 28217180 PMCID: PMC5301302 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401711010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic Pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) describes the physiological adaptive process of lungs to preserves systemic oxygenation. It has clinical implications in the development of pulmonary hypertension which impacts on outcomes of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. This review examines both acute and chronic hypoxic vasoconstriction focusing on the distinct clinical implications and highlights the role of calcium and mitochondria in acute versus the role of reactive oxygen species and Rho GTPases in chronic HPV. Furthermore it identifies gaps of knowledge and need for further research in humans to clearly define this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hussain
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - S J George
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - M Loubani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - A Morice
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
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32
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De Silva TM, Faraci FM. Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Cerebral Vascular Tone. STUDIES ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7693-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Chen S, Lin D, Gao Y, Cao X, Shen X. A novel antioxidant peptide derived from wheat germ prevents high glucose-induced oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Food Funct 2017; 8:142-150. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A possible molecular mechanism of AOP in the inhibition of high glucose-induced ROS generation in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
- Oklahoma State University
- Stillwater
- USA
| | - Yulong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xiaozhou Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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Bessler WK, Hudson FZ, Zhang H, Harris V, Wang Y, Mund JA, Downing B, Ingram DA, Case J, Fulton DJ, Stansfield BK. Neurofibromin is a novel regulator of Ras-induced reactive oxygen species production in mice and humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:212-222. [PMID: 27266634 PMCID: PMC5765860 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) predisposes individuals to early and debilitating cardiovascular disease. Loss of function mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the protein neurofibromin, leads to accelerated p21(Ras) activity and phosphorylation of multiple downstream kinases, including Erk and Akt. Nf1 heterozygous (Nf1(+/-)) mice develop a robust neointima that mimics human disease. Monocytes/macrophages play a central role in NF1 arterial stenosis as Nf1 mutations in myeloid cells alone are sufficient to reproduce the enhanced neointima observed in Nf1(+/-) mice. Though the molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 arterial stenosis remain elusive, macrophages are important producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ras activity directly regulates ROS production. Here, we use compound mutant and lineage-restricted mice to demonstrate that Nf1(+/-) macrophages produce excessive ROS, which enhance Nf1(+/-) smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Further, use of a specific NADPH oxidase-2 inhibitor to limit ROS production prevents neointima formation in Nf1(+/-) mice. Finally, mononuclear cells from asymptomatic NF1 patients have increased oxidative DNA damage, an indicator of chronic exposure to oxidative stress. These data provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence that excessive exposure to oxidant species underlie NF1 arterial stenosis and provide a platform for designing novels therapies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waylan K Bessler
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Farlyn Z Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Hanfang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Valerie Harris
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Julie A Mund
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Brandon Downing
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - David A Ingram
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States
| | - Jamie Case
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, United States; Scripps Clinic Medical Group, Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Brian K Stansfield
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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35
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Functional and Proteomic Investigations Reveal Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 Associated with Anti-hypertension Activity in Mouse Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30230. [PMID: 27444336 PMCID: PMC4957218 DOI: 10.1038/srep30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type of the arterial wall and their functionality is associated with blood pressure regulation. Although royal jelly (RJ) has reported effects on anti-hypertension, the mechanism of blood pressure regulation by major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), the most abundant RJ protein, is still unknown. The mrjp1 gene was inserted into mouse VSMCs to investigate how MRJP1 influences VSMC functionality by functional and proteomic analysis. The expression of MRJP1 in VSMCs significantly reduced cell contraction, migration, and proliferation, suggesting a potential role in decreasing hypertension via action on VSMCs. These anti-hypertension activities were further observed in the changes of the proteome setting of mouse VSMCs. Among 675 different proteins after MRJP1 expression, 646 were down-regulated and significantly enriched in pathways implicated in VSMC contraction and migration, which suggest MRJP1 lowers VSMC contraction and migration by inhibiting muscle filament movement. The down-regulated proteins also enriched pathways in proliferation, indicating that MRJP1 hinders VSMC proliferation by reducing the supply of energy and genetic material. This is the first report integrating MRJP1 into VSMC, revealing the function and mechanism correlated with anti-hypertensive activity. This offers a therapeutic potential to control hypertension by gene-therapy using bee-products.
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36
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Fry JL, Al Sayah L, Weisbrod RM, Van Roy I, Weng X, Cohen RA, Bachschmid MM, Seta F. Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 Protects Against Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness. Hypertension 2016; 68:775-84. [PMID: 27432859 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a major cardiovascular risk factor, develops within 2 months in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, serving as a model of human metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with activation of proinflammatory and oxidant pathways in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase regulated by the cellular metabolic status. Our goal was to study the effects of VSM SirT1 on arterial stiffness in the context of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Overnight fasting acutely decreased arterial stiffness, measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, in mice fed HFHS for 2 or 8 months, but not in mice lacking SirT1 in VSM (SMKO). Similarly, VSM-specific genetic SirT1 overexpression (SMTG) prevented pulse wave velocity increases induced by HFHS feeding, during 8 months. Administration of resveratrol or S17834, 2 polyphenolic compounds known to activate SirT1, prevented HFHS-induced arterial stiffness and were mimicked by global SirT1 overexpression (SirT1 bacterial artificial chromosome overexpressor), without evident metabolic improvements. In addition, HFHS-induced pulse wave velocity increases were reversed by 1-week treatment with a specific, small molecule SirT1 activator (SRT1720). These beneficial effects of pharmacological or genetic SirT1 activation, against HFHS-induced arterial stiffness, were associated with a decrease in nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and p47phox protein expressions, in aorta and VSM cells. In conclusion, VSM SirT1 activation decreases arterial stiffness in the setting of obesity by stimulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the aorta. SirT1 activators may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent arterial stiffness and associated cardiovascular complications in overweight/obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fry
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Leona Al Sayah
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Isabelle Van Roy
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Xiang Weng
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Francesca Seta
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA.
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37
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Ringvold HC, Khalil RA. Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:203-301. [PMID: 28212798 PMCID: PMC5319769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone. In addition to Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) is a major regulator of VSM function. PKC is a family of conventional Ca2+-dependent α, β, and γ, novel Ca2+-independent δ, ɛ, θ, and η, and atypical ξ, and ι/λ isoforms. Inactive PKC is mainly cytosolic, and upon activation it undergoes phosphorylation, maturation, and translocation to the surface membrane, the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cell organelles; a process facilitated by scaffold proteins such as RACKs. Activated PKC phosphorylates different substrates including ion channels, pumps, and nuclear proteins. PKC also phosphorylates CPI-17 leading to inhibition of MLC phosphatase, increased MLC phosphorylation, and enhanced VSM contraction. PKC could also initiate a cascade of protein kinases leading to phosphorylation of the actin-binding proteins calponin and caldesmon, increased actin-myosin interaction, and VSM contraction. Increased PKC activity has been associated with vascular disorders including ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetic vasculopathy. PKC inhibitors could test the role of PKC in different systems and could reduce PKC hyperactivity in vascular disorders. First-generation PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine are not very specific. Isoform-specific PKC inhibitors such as ruboxistaurin have been tested in clinical trials. Target delivery of PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptides and PKC siRNA may be useful in localized vascular disease. Further studies of PKC and its role in VSM should help design isoform-specific PKC modulators that are experimentally potent and clinically safe to target PKC in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ringvold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R A Khalil
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Nrf2/Keap1 system regulates vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis for vascular homeostasis: role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26291. [PMID: 27198574 PMCID: PMC4873803 DOI: 10.1038/srep26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal increases in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the intimal region after a vascular injury is a key event in developing neointimal hyperplasia. To maintain vascular function, proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs is tightly controlled during vascular remodeling. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) system, a key component of the oxidative stress response that acts in maintaining homeostasis, plays an important role in neointimal hyperplasia after a vascular injury; however, the role of Nrf2/Keap1 in VSMC apoptosis has not been clarified. Here we report that 14 days after arterial injury in mice, TUNEL-positive VSMCs are detected in both the neointimal and medial layers. These layers contain cells expressing high levels of Nrf2 but low Keap1 expression. In VSMCs, Keap1 depletion induces features of apoptosis, such as positive TUNEL staining and annexin V binding. These changes are associated with an increased expression of nuclear Nrf2. Simultaneous Nrf2 depletion inhibits Keap1 depletion-induced apoptosis. At 14 days after the vascular injury, Nrf2-deficient mice demonstrated fewer TUNEL-positive cells and increased neointimal formation in the neointimal and medial areas. The results suggest that the Nrf2/Keap1 system regulates VSMC apoptosis during neointimal formation, thereby inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia after a vascular injury.
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39
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Zhang L, Ma C, Zhang C, Ma M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Chen Y, Cao F, Li S, Zhu D. Reactive oxygen species effect PASMCs apoptosis via regulation of dynamin-related protein 1 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:71-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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40
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Resveratrol improves vasoprotective effects of captopril on aortic remodeling and fibrosis triggered by renovascular hypertension. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:116-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Ghantous CM, Kobeissy FH, Soudani N, Rahman FA, Al-Hariri M, Itani HA, Sabra R, Zeidan A. Mechanical stretch-induced vascular hypertrophy occurs through modulation of leptin synthesis-mediated ROS formation and GATA-4 nuclear translocation. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:240. [PMID: 26557089 PMCID: PMC4615939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and hypertension are associated with increased leptin production contributing to cardiovascular remodeling. Mechanisms involving mechanical stretch-induced leptin production and the cross talk between signaling pathways leading to vascular remodeling have not been fully elucidated. Methods and Results: Rat portal vein (RPV) organ culture was used to investigate the effect of mechanical stretch on leptin protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the RhoA/ROCK pathway, actin cytoskeleton dynamics and the transcriptional factor GATA-4 activation in mechanical stretch-induced vascular remodeling were investigated. Stretching the RPV for 1 or 24 h significantly increased leptin protein level and ROS formation in VSMCs, which was prevented by 1 h pretreatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 and the actin cytoskeleton depolymerization agent cytochalasin D. Moreover, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that mechanical stretch or treatment with 3.1 nmol/L leptin for 24 h significantly increased actin polymerization, as reflected by an increase in the F-actin to G-actin ratio. Increases in blood vessels’ wet weight and [3H]-leucine incorporation following a 24 h treatment with conditioned media from cultured stretched RPVs indicated RPV hypertrophy. This effect was prevented by 1 h pretreatment with anti-leptin antibody, indicating leptin’s crucial role in promoting VSMC hypertrophy. As an index of GATA-4 activation, GATA-4 nuclear translocation was assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Pretreating VSMC with leptin for 1 h significantly activated GATA-4 nuclear translocation, which was potently attenuated by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, Y-27632, and cytochalasin D. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ROS formation, RhoA/ROCK pathway, and GATA-4 activation play a pivotal role in mechanical stretch-induced leptin synthesis leading to VSMC remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ghantous
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah A Rahman
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mustafa Al-Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
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42
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Yu Y, Cai Z, Cui M, Nie P, Sun Z, Sun S, Chu S, Wang X, Hu L, Yi J, Shen L, He B. The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 inhibits low shear stress-induced carotid artery remodeling in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1547-55. [PMID: 26498924 PMCID: PMC4678158 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress, particularly low and oscillatory shear stress, plays a critical pathophysiological role in vascular remodeling-related cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 [also known as TR3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1)] is expressed in diseased human vascular tissue and plays an important role in vascular physiology and pathology. In the present study, we used a mouse model of flow-dependent remodeling by partial ligation of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) to define the exact role of Nur77 in vascular remodeling induced by low shear stress. Following vascular remodeling, Nur77 was highly expressed in neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the ligated carotid arteries. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in the remodeled arteries in vivo and in primary rat VSMCs in vitro following stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Further in vitro experiments revealed that Nur77 expression was rapidly increased in the VSMCs following stimulation with PDGF and H2O2, whereas treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) reversed the increase in the protein level of Nur77 induced by H2O2. Moreover, Nur77 overexpression markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, induced by PDGF. Finally, to determine the in vivo role of Nur77 in low shear stress-induced vascular remodeling, wild-type (WT) and Nur77-deficient mice were subjected to partial ligation of the LCCA. Four weeks following surgery, in the LCCAs of the Nur77-deficient mice, a significant increase in the intima-media area and carotid intima-media thickness was noted, as well as more severe elastin disruption and collagen deposition compared to the WT mice. Immunofluorescence staining revealed an increase in VSMC proliferation [determined by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) production in the Nur77-deficient mice. There was no difference in the number of intimal apoptotic cells between the groups. Taken together, our results indicate that Nur77 may be a sensor of oxidative stress and an inhibitor of vascular remodeling induced by low shear stress. Nur77, as well as its downstream cell signals, may thus be a potential therapeutic target for the suppression of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Mingli Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Peng Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shiqun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shichun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Adesina SE, Kang BY, Bijli KM, Ma J, Cheng J, Murphy TC, Michael Hart C, Sutliff RL. Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to modulate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:36-47. [PMID: 26073127 PMCID: PMC4615392 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular remodeling, resistance, and pressures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to PH-associated vascular dysfunction. NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondria are major sources of superoxide (O(2)(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in pulmonary vascular cells. Hypoxia, a common stimulus of PH, increases Nox expression and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production. The interactions between these two sources of ROS generation continue to be defined. We hypothesized that mitochondria-derived O(2)(•-) (mtO(2)(•-)) and H(2)O(2) (mtH(2)O(2)) increase Nox expression to promote PH pathogenesis and that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can reduce mtROS, Nox expression, and hypoxia-induced PH. Exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hypoxia for 72 h increased mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2). To assess the contribution of mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2) to hypoxia-induced PH, mice that overexpress superoxide dismutase 2 (Tg(hSOD2)) or mitochondria-targeted catalase (MCAT) were exposed to normoxia (21% O(2)) or hypoxia (10% O(2)) for three weeks. Compared with hypoxic control mice, MCAT mice developed smaller hypoxia-induced increases in RVSP, α-SMA staining, extracellular H(2)O(2) (Amplex Red), Nox2 and Nox4 (qRT-PCR and Western blot), or cyclinD1 and PCNA (Western blot). In contrast, Tg(hSOD2) mice experienced exacerbated responses to hypoxia. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia increases mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2). Targeting mtH(2)O(2) attenuates PH pathogenesis, whereas targeting mtO(2)(•-) exacerbates PH. These differences in PH pathogenesis were mirrored by RVSP, vessel muscularization, levels of Nox2 and Nox4, proliferation, and H(2)O(2) release. These studies suggest that targeted reductions in mtH(2)O(2) generation may be particularly effective in preventing hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry E Adesina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Juan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
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Diebold BA, Smith SM, Li Y, Lambeth JD. NOX2 As a Target for Drug Development: Indications, Possible Complications, and Progress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:375-405. [PMID: 24512192 PMCID: PMC4545678 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NOX2 is important for host defense, and yet is implicated in a large number of diseases in which inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis. These include acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Recent drug development programs have targeted several NOX isoforms that are implicated in a variety of diseases. The focus has been primarily on NOX4 and NOX1 rather than on NOX2, due, in part, to concerns about possible immunosuppressive side effects. Nevertheless, NOX2 clearly contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, and its inhibition is predicted to provide a novel therapeutic approach. CRITICAL ISSUES Possible side effects that might arise from targeting NOX2 are discussed, including the possibility that such inhibition will contribute to increased infections and/or autoimmune disorders. The state of the field with regard to existing NOX2 inhibitors and targeted development of novel inhibitors is also summarized. FUTURE DIRECTIONS NOX2 inhibitors show particular promise for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, both acute and chronic. Theoretical side effects include pro-inflammatory and autoimmune complications and should be considered in any therapeutic program, but in our opinion, available data do not indicate that they are sufficiently likely to eliminate NOX2 as a drug target, particularly when weighed against the seriousness of many NOX2-related indications. Model studies demonstrating efficacy with minimal side effects are needed to encourage future development of NOX2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky A. Diebold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan M.E. Smith
- Department of Biology and Physics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J. David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Montenegro MF, Valdivia A, Smolensky A, Verma K, Taylor WR, San Martín A. Nox4-dependent activation of cofilin mediates VSMC reorientation in response to cyclic stretching. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:288-94. [PMID: 25998423 PMCID: PMC4517474 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are subjected to various types of mechanical forces within the vessel wall. Although it is known that VSMCs undergo cell body reorientation in response to mechanical stimulation, how this mechanical stretch is transduced within the cell into biochemical signals causing cytoskeleton reorganization remains unclear. Cofilin, a protein that controls actin dynamics, is activated by Slingshot phosphatase-dependent serine 3 dephosphorylation by redox-dependent mechanisms. Nox4 is a main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vessel wall that localizes in association with the cytoskeleton. Therefore, we hypothesize that Nox4 mediates redox-dependent activation of cofilin, which is required for cytoskeletal reorganization and cell reorientation after mechanical stimulation. In this study, we found that mechanical stretch stimulates ROS production in VSMCs and that the signaling that leads to cell reorientation requires hydrogen peroxide but not superoxide. Indeed, mechanical stretch induces cofilin activation and stretch-induced cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell reorientation is inhibited in cells where cofilin activity has been downregulated. Importantly, Nox4-deficient cells fail to activate cofilin and to undergo cell reorientation, a phenotype rescued by the expression of a constitutively active cofilin mutant. Our results demonstrate that in VSMCs mechanical stimulation activates cofilin by a Nox4-dependent mechanism and that this pathway is required for cytoskeleton reorganization and cell reorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA
| | - Alexander Smolensky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA
| | - Kiran Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, city Atlanta, state, GA zip 30322, country USA.
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Agharazii M, St-Louis R, Gautier-Bastien A, Ung RV, Mokas S, Larivière R, Richard DE. Inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species as mediators of chronic kidney disease-related vascular calcification. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:746-55. [PMID: 25430697 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification, a regulated process in chronic kidney disease (CKD), requires vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation into osteoblast-like cells. This phenomenon can be enhanced by inflammatory cytokines and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In CKD rats with vascular calcification, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines, ROS generation, and downstream signaling events are associated with CKD-related vascular calcification. METHODS CKD was induced in male Wistar rats by renal mass ablation and vascular calcification was induced with a high calcium-phosphate diet and vitamin D supplementation (Ca/P/VitD). At week 3-6, hemodynamic parameters were determined and thoracic aorta was harvested for assessment of vascular calcification, macrophage infiltration, cytokines expression, VSMC differentiation, ROS generation, and related signaling pathway activation. RESULTS CKD rats treated with Ca/P/VitD developed medial calcification of thoracic aorta and increased pulse pressure and aortic pulse wave velocity. VSMC differentiation was confirmed by increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin expression and reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression. The expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor were also increased. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) were increased, whereas the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, Gpx1, and Prdx1) was reduced in CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats. Oxidized peroxiredoxin, a sensor of ROS generation, was significantly increased and ROS-sensitive signaling pathways were activated in the aorta from CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a relationship between inflammation/ROS and arterial calcification in CKD and contributes to understanding of the complex pathways that mediate arterial calcification in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Agharazii
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine , Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada;
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Mokas
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larivière
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine , Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Darren E Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Li Y, Guo Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, You Y, Yang Q, Weng X, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhou B, Liu X, Gong Z, Zhang R. Establishment of an interleukin-1β-induced inflammation-activated endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell-mononuclear cell co-culture model and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1665-76. [PMID: 25936371 PMCID: PMC4464412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that inflammatory reactions serves an important function in the formation, progression and plaque rupture of atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-1 primarily induces inflammation and is closely associated with the inflammatory environment and the formation of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to establish an in vitro model for the evaluation of drug efficacy in the intervention of atherosclerosis from the inflammatory perspective, and to observe the anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA and andrographolide on atherosclerosis. The IL-1β-induced inflammation-activated endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC)-mononuclear cell (MC) co-culture model was established, based on the changes in a series of atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory markers secreted by ECs and SMCs. The expression of connexin in ECs, adhesion of MCs and changes in inflammatory signalling molecules were selected as evaluation indices for the inflammatory microenvironment of atherosclerosis. The use of this model revealed that tanshinone IIA exhibited significant efficacy against atherosclerosis and its inflammatory reactions. Inflammatory reactions were regarded as the primary mechanism underlying atherosclerosis. The established model simulated a series of relevant changes in the arterial wall under the inflammatory cytokines with oxidized low-density lipoprotein during the atherosclerotic process. The present study presented a reliable method for the identification of drugs with potential anti-inflammatory activity in atherosclerosis, for investigating the mechanisms of action, considering the improvement of the inflammatory state and the increase in plaque stability observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yun You
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xucen Liu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zaipeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Sela M, Tirza G, Ravid O, Volovitz I, Solodeev I, Friedman O, Zipori D, Gur E, Krelin Y, Shani N. NOX1-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in abdominal fat-derived mesenchymal stromal cells impinges on long-term proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1728. [PMID: 25880095 PMCID: PMC4650551 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and can be derived from different adult tissues including fat. Our repeated attempts to produce long-term proliferative cultures of rat abdominal adipose stem cells (aASCs) under normal oxygen concentration (21%) were unsuccessful. We set to examine the events controlling this cytostasis of aASCs and found that it resulted from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that led to apoptosis. ROS overproduction in aASCs was accompanied by increased expression of NOX1 but not of NOX2 or NOX4. NOX family members are an important source of intracellular ROS pointing to NOX1 involvement in ROS accumulation. This was verified when aASCs that were grown under 3% oxygen conditions expanded long term, displaying reduced NOX1 expression and decreased ROS accumulation. NOX1 involvement in aASC cytostasis was reaffirmed when cells that were expanded under normoxic conditions in the presence of a specific NOX1 inhibitor, ML171, demonstrated reduced ROS accumulation, reduced apoptosis and long-term expansion. aASC expansion arrest was accompanied also by a weak fat differentiation and migratory potential, which was enhanced by NOX1 inhibition. This suggests an inhibitory role for NOX1-induced ROS overproduction on aASCs, their fat differentiation and migratory potential. In contrast to aASCs, similar cells produced from subcutaneous fat were easily expanded in normoxic cultures, exhibiting low ROS concentrations, a low number of apoptotic cells and improved fat differentiation and migration. Taken together, our results show, for the first time, that NOX1-induced ROS accumulation halts ASC expansion and reduces their differentiation and migratory potential under normoxic conditions. Importantly, this phenotype comprises a tissue-specific signature as it was evident in aASCs but not in subcutaneous ASCs. NOX-induced ROS accumulation and cytokine production by fat are part of the metabolic syndrome. The similarity of this phenomenon to aASC phenotype may indicate that they arise from similar molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sela
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Tirza
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Ravid
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Volovitz
- The Neurosurgery Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Solodeev
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Friedman
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Zipori
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Gur
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Krelin
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shani
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Smooth muscle specific overexpression of p22phox potentiates carotid artery wall thickening in response to injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:305686. [PMID: 25945151 PMCID: PMC4402189 DOI: 10.1155/2015/305686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that transgenic mice overexpressing the p22phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase selectively in smooth muscle (Tgp22smc) would exhibit an exacerbated response to transluminal carotid injury compared to wild-type mice. To examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a mediator of vascular injury, the injury response was quantified by measuring wall thickness (WT) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) of the injured and noninjured arteries in both Tgp22smc and wild-type animals at days 3, 7, and 14 after injury. Akt, p38 MAPK, and Src activation were evaluated at the same time points using Western blotting. WT and CSWA following injury were significantly greater in Tgp22smc mice at both 7 and 14 days after injury while noninjured contralateral carotids were similar between groups. Apocynin treatment attenuated the injury response in both groups and rendered the response similar between Tgp22smc mice and wild-type mice. Following injury, carotid arteries from Tgp22smc mice demonstrated elevated activation of Akt at day 3, while p38 MAPK and Src activation was elevated at day 7 compared to wild-type mice. Both increased activation and temporal regulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to enhanced vascular growth in response to injury in this transgenic model of elevated vascular ROS.
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Tominaga N, Kosaka N, Ono M, Katsuda T, Yoshioka Y, Tamura K, Lötvall J, Nakagama H, Ochiya T. Brain metastatic cancer cells release microRNA-181c-containing extracellular vesicles capable of destructing blood-brain barrier. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6716. [PMID: 25828099 PMCID: PMC4396394 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an important cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. A key event during brain metastasis is the migration of cancer cells through blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, the molecular mechanism behind the passage through this natural barrier remains unclear. Here we show that cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), mediators of cell–cell communication via delivery of proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), trigger the breakdown of BBB. Importantly, miR-181c promotes the destruction of BBB through the abnormal localization of actin via the downregulation of its target gene, PDPK1. PDPK1 degradation by miR-181c leads to the downregulation of phosphorylated cofilin and the resultant activated cofilin-induced modulation of actin dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that systemic injection of brain metastatic cancer cell-derived EVs promoted brain metastasis of breast cancer cell lines and are preferentially incorporated into the brain in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate a novel mechanism of brain metastasis mediated by EVs that triggers the destruction of BBB. A key event during metastasis to the brain is the migration of cancer cells through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here the authors show that cancer-cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote metastasis by promoting BBB breaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoomi Tominaga
- 1] Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan [2] Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [3] Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- 1] Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan [2] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom [3] The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Makiko Ono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Katsuda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Division of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 424, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- 1] Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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