1
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Zhang J, Sarollahi M, Luckhart S, Harrison MJ, Vasdekis AE. Quantitative phase imaging by gradient retardance optical microscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9754. [PMID: 38679622 PMCID: PMC11056386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has become a vital tool in bioimaging, offering precise measurements of wavefront distortion and, thus, of key cellular metabolism metrics, such as dry mass and density. However, only a few QPI applications have been demonstrated in optically thick specimens, where scattering increases background and reduces contrast. Building upon the concept of structured illumination interferometry, we introduce Gradient Retardance Optical Microscopy (GROM) for QPI of both thin and thick samples. GROM transforms any standard Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscope into a QPI platform by incorporating a liquid crystal retarder into the illumination path, enabling independent phase-shifting of the DIC microscope's sheared beams. GROM greatly simplifies related configurations, reduces costs, and eradicates energy losses in parallel imaging modalities, such as fluorescence. We successfully tested GROM on a diverse range of specimens, from microbes and red blood cells to optically thick (~ 300 μm) plant roots without fixation or clearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Mirsaeid Sarollahi
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | | | - Andreas E Vasdekis
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
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2
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Achkasova K, Kukhnina L, Moiseev A, Kiseleva E, Bogomolova A, Loginova M, Gladkova N. Detection of acute and early-delayed radiation-induced changes in the white matter of the rat brain based on numerical processing of optical coherence tomography data. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300458. [PMID: 38253332 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Detection of radiation-induced changes of the brain white matter is important for brain neoplasms repeated surgery. We investigated the influence of irradiation on the scattering properties of the white matter using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Healthy Wistar rats undergone the irradiation of the brain right hemisphere. At seven time points from the irradiation procedure (2-14 weeks), an ex vivo OCT study was performed with subsequent calculation of attenuation coefficient values in the corpus callosum followed by immunohistochemical analysis. As a result, we discovered acute and early-delayed changes characterized by the edema of different severity, accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in attenuation coefficient values. In particular, these changes were found at 2 weeks after irradiation in the irradiated hemisphere, while at 6- and 12-week time points they affected both irradiated and contralateral hemisphere. Thus, radiation-induced changes occurring in white matter during the first 3 months after irradiation can be detected by OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Achkasova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kukhnina
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander Moiseev
- Laboratory of Highly Sensitive Optical Measurements, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexandra Bogomolova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Loginova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Gladkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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3
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Ueki H, Kiso M, Furusawa Y, Iida S, Yamayoshi S, Nakajima N, Imai M, Suzuki T, Kawaoka Y. Development of a Mouse-Adapted Reporter SARS-CoV-2 as a Tool for Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging. Viruses 2024; 16:537. [PMID: 38675880 PMCID: PMC11053786 DOI: 10.3390/v16040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) often causes severe viral pneumonia. Although many studies using mouse models have examined the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In vivo imaging analysis using two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) is useful for elucidating the pathology of COVID-19, providing pathological insights that are not available from conventional histological analysis. However, there is no reporter SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrates pathogenicity in C57BL/6 mice and emits sufficient light intensity for two-photon in vivo imaging. Here, we generated a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 (named MASCV2-p25) and demonstrated its efficient replication in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice, causing fatal pneumonia. Histopathologic analysis revealed the severe inflammation and infiltration of immune cells in the lungs of MASCV2-p25-infected C57BL/6 mice, not unlike that observed in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. Subsequently, we generated a mouse-adapted reporter SARS-CoV-2 (named MASCV-Venus-p9) by inserting the fluorescent protein-encoding gene Venus into MASCV2-p25 and sequential lung-to-lung passages in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice infected with MASCV2-Venus-p9 exhibited severe pneumonia. In addition, the TPEM of the lungs of the infected C57BL/6J mice showed that the infected cells emitted sufficient levels of fluorescence for easy observation. These findings suggest that MASCV2-Venus-p9 will be useful for two-photon in vivo imaging studies of the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueki
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuri Furusawa
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.U.); (M.K.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (M.I.)
- Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (S.I.); (N.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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4
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Preedy MK, White MRH, Tergaonkar V. Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38467621 PMCID: PMC10928192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to TNF are inherently heterogeneous within an isogenic cell population and across different cell types. TNF promotes cell survival by activating pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways but may also trigger apoptosis and necroptosis. Following TNF stimulation, the fate of individual cells is governed by the balance of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signalling pathways. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving heterogenous responses to TNF, quantifying TNF/TNFR1 signalling at the single-cell level is crucial. Fluorescence live-cell imaging techniques offer real-time, dynamic insights into molecular processes in single cells, allowing for detection of rapid and transient changes, as well as identification of subpopulations, that are likely to be missed with traditional endpoint assays. Whilst fluorescence live-cell imaging has been employed extensively to investigate TNF-induced inflammation and TNF-induced cell death, it has been underutilised in studying the role of TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway crosstalk in guiding cell-fate decisions in single cells. Here, we outline the various opportunities for pathway crosstalk during TNF/TNFR1 signalling and how these interactions may govern heterogenous responses to TNF. We also advocate for the use of live-cell imaging techniques to elucidate the molecular processes driving cell-to-cell variability in single cells. Understanding and overcoming cellular heterogeneity in response to TNF and modulators of the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway could lead to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases associated with aberrant TNF/TNFR1 signalling, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Preedy
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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5
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Nguyen VP, Hu J, Zhe J, Ramasamy S, Ahmed U, Paulus YM. Advanced nanomaterials for imaging of eye diseases. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:269-298. [PMID: 38720929 PMCID: PMC11075159 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Vision impairment and blindness present significant global challenges, with common causes including age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. Advanced imaging tools, such as optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, photoacoustic microscopy, and fluorescence imaging, play a crucial role in improving therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods. Contrast agents are often employed with these tools to enhance image clarity and signal detection. This review aims to explore the commonly used contrast agents in ocular disease imaging. Experimental approach The first section of the review delves into advanced ophthalmic imaging techniques, outlining their importance in addressing vision-related issues. The emphasis is on the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods, establishing a foundation for the subsequent exploration of contrast agents. Key results This review focuses on the role of contrast agents, with a specific emphasis on gold nanoparticles, particularly gold nanorods. The discussion highlights how these contrast agents optimize imaging in ocular disease diagnosis and monitoring, emphasizing their unique properties that enhance signal detection and imaging precision. Conclusion The final section, we explores both organic and inorganic contrast agents and their applications in specific conditions such as choroidal neovascularization, retinal neovascularization, and stem cell tracking. The review concludes by addressing the limitations of current contrast agent usage and discussing potential future clinical applications. This comprehensive exploration contributes to advancing our understanding of contrast agents in ocular disease imaging and sets the stage for further research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sanjay Ramasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Umayr Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yannis M. Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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6
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Katz O, Ferguson T, Abbey E, Klose SJ, Prüfert C, Loock HP. Fluorescence Excitation-Emission-Matrix Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12631-12639. [PMID: 37590886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a 4-dimensional (4D) fluorescence imaging system in which each of the 65,536 pixels in the image array contains an excitation-emission-matrix spectrum with 31 excitation wavelengths and 8 emission wavelengths (x, y, λexc, λem). Hadamard-transform multiplexing of the excitation light from a 31-channel programmable light source allows for an increase in the data acquisition rate so that each 65,536-pixel image can be obtained within 8 s. The system is demonstrated and characterized using, first, a 4D image of 10 capillaries filled with four dye solutions and their binary and ternary mixtures, and, second, using a sequence of about 100 images of layered fluorescent dye solutions and their changing fluorescence as a function of temperature. Multivariate analysis using parallel factor analysis produces images of the spatial distribution of the fluorophores together with their relative intensity as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 5C2, Canada
| | - Travis Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emma Abbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah-Johanna Klose
- Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chris Prüfert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 5C2, Canada
| | - Hans-Peter Loock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 5C2, Canada
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7
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Park GY, Hwang H, Choi M. Advances in Optical Tools to Study Taste Sensation. Mol Cells 2022; 45:877-882. [PMID: 36572557 PMCID: PMC9794552 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste sensation is the process of converting chemical identities in food into a neural code of the brain. Taste information is initially formed in the taste buds on the tongue, travels through the afferent gustatory nerves to the sensory ganglion neurons, and finally reaches the multiple taste centers of the brain. In the taste field, optical tools to observe cellular-level functions play a pivotal role in understanding how taste information is processed along a pathway. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the optical tools used to study the taste transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha Yeon Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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8
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Fehér A, Schnúr A, Muenthaisong S, Bellák T, Ayaydin F, Várady G, Kemter E, Wolf E, Dinnyés A. Establishment and characterization of a novel human induced pluripotent stem cell line stably expressing the iRFP720 reporter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9874. [PMID: 35701501 PMCID: PMC9198085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has great potential for replacing beta-cell loss in diabetic patients. However, a key obstacle to cell therapy’s success is to preserve viability and function of the engrafted cells. While several strategies have been developed to improve engrafted beta-cell survival, tools to evaluate the efficacy within the body by imaging are limited. Traditional labeling tools, such as GFP-like fluorescent proteins, have limited penetration depths in vivo due to tissue scattering and absorption. To circumvent this limitation, a near-infrared fluorescent mutant version of the DrBphP bacteriophytochrome, iRFP720, has been developed for in vivo imaging and stem/progenitor cell tracking. Here, we present the generation and characterization of an iRFP720 expressing human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, which can be used for real-time imaging in various biological applications. To generate the transgenic cells, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied. A puromycin resistance gene was inserted into the AAVS1 locus, driven by the endogenous PPP1R12C promoter, along with the CAG-iRFP720 reporter cassette, which was flanked by insulator elements. Proper integration of the transgene into the targeted genomic region was assessed by comprehensive genetic analysis, verifying precise genome editing. Stable expression of iRFP720 in the cells was confirmed and imaged by their near-infrared fluorescence. We demonstrated that the reporter iPSCs exhibit normal stem cell characteristics and can be efficiently differentiated towards the pancreatic lineage. As the genetically modified reporter cells show retained pluripotency and multilineage differentiation potential, they hold great potential as a cellular model in a variety of biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fehér
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Andrea Schnúr
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Bellák
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6724, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged (HCEMM-USZ), Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary. .,HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Szeged, 6723, Hungary. .,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
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9
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Yoon J, Lim J, Shin M, Lee JY, Choi JW. Recent progress in nanomaterial-based bioelectronic devices for biocomputing system. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114427. [PMID: 35653852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices have received the massive attention because of their huge potential to develop the core electronic components for biocomputing system. Up to now, numerous bioelectronic devices have been reported such as biomemory and biologic gate by employment of biomolecules including metalloproteins and nucleic acids. However, the intrinsic limitations of biomolecules such as instability and low signal production hinder the development of novel bioelectronic devices capable of performing various novel computing functions. As a way to overcome these limitations, nanomaterials have the great potential and wide applicability to grant and extend the electronic functions, and improve the inherent properties from biomolecules. Accordingly, lots of nanomaterials including the conductive metal, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials are being used to develop the remarkable functional bioelectronic devices like the multi-bit biomemory and resistive random-access biomemory. This review discusses the nanomaterial-based superb bioelectronic devices including the biomemory, biologic gates, and bioprocessors. In conclusion, this review will provide the interdisciplinary information about utilization of various novel nanomaterials applicable for biocomputing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Vanslembrouck B, Chen JH, Larabell C, van Hengel J. Microscopic Visualization of Cell-Cell Adhesion Complexes at Micro and Nanoscale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819534. [PMID: 35517500 PMCID: PMC9065677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in our knowledge of the morphological and functional varieties of anchoring junctions. Cell-cell adhesion contacts consist of discrete junctional structures responsible for the mechanical coupling of cytoskeletons and allow the transmission of mechanical signals across the cell collective. The three main adhesion complexes are adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Microscopy has played a fundamental role in understanding these adhesion complexes on different levels in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the main light and electron microscopy techniques used to unravel the structure and composition of the three cell-cell contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. It functions as a guide to pick the appropriate imaging technique(s) for the adhesion complexes of interest. We also point out the latest techniques that have emerged. At the end, we discuss the problems investigators encounter during their cell-cell adhesion research using microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Vanslembrouck
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
| | - Jian-hua Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
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11
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Teranikar T, Lim J, Ijaseun T, Lee J. Development of Planar Illumination Strategies for Solving Mysteries in the Sub-Cellular Realm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031643. [PMID: 35163562 PMCID: PMC8835835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical microscopy has vastly expanded the frontiers of structural and functional biology, due to the non-invasive probing of dynamic volumes in vivo. However, traditional widefield microscopy illuminating the entire field of view (FOV) is adversely affected by out-of-focus light scatter. Consequently, standard upright or inverted microscopes are inept in sampling diffraction-limited volumes smaller than the optical system's point spread function (PSF). Over the last few decades, several planar and structured (sinusoidal) illumination modalities have offered unprecedented access to sub-cellular organelles and 4D (3D + time) image acquisition. Furthermore, these optical sectioning systems remain unaffected by the size of biological samples, providing high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios for objective lenses (OLs) with long working distances (WDs). This review aims to guide biologists regarding planar illumination strategies, capable of harnessing sub-micron spatial resolution with a millimeter depth of penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juhyun Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-272-6534; Fax: +1-817-272-2251
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12
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disorder that narrows the arterial lumen and can induce life-threatening complications from coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. On a mechanistic level, the development of novel cellular-resolution intravital microscopy imaging approaches has recently enabled in vivo studies of underlying biological processes governing disease onset and progress. In particular, multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a promising intravital imaging tool utilizing two-photon-excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that provides subcellular resolution and increased imaging depths beyond confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art multiphoton microscopy applied to the study of murine atherosclerosis.
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13
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Markicevic M, Savvateev I, Grimm C, Zerbi V. Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34482367 PMCID: PMC8418612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Savvateev
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Keklikoglou K, Arvanitidis C, Chatzigeorgiou G, Chatzinikolaou E, Karagiannidis E, Koletsa T, Magoulas A, Makris K, Mavrothalassitis G, Papanagnou ED, Papazoglou AS, Pavloudi C, Trougakos IP, Vasileiadou K, Vogiatzi A. Micro-CT for Biological and Biomedical Studies: A Comparison of Imaging Techniques. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7090172. [PMID: 34564098 PMCID: PMC8470083 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7090172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several imaging techniques are used in biological and biomedical studies. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that allows the rapid digitisation of internal and external structures of a sample in three dimensions and with great resolution. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of some common imaging techniques applied in biological and biomedical fields, such as optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, are presented and compared with the micro-CT technique through five use cases. Finally, the ability of micro-CT to create non-destructively 3D anatomical and morphological data in sub-micron resolution and the necessity to develop complementary methods with other imaging techniques, in order to overcome limitations caused by each technique, is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
- LifeWatch ERIC, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Georgios Chatzigeorgiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Antonios Magoulas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- IMBB, FORTH, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece; (E.-D.P.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Andreas S. Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Christina Pavloudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece; (E.-D.P.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Katerina Vasileiadou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
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15
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Han J, Kim S, Choi P, Lee S, Jo Y, Kim E, Choi M. Robust functional imaging of taste sensation with a Bessel beam. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5855-5864. [PMID: 34692220 PMCID: PMC8515959 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional imaging of intact taste cells in response to various tastant solutions poses a technical challenge since the refractive index of the immersion medium dynamically changes during tastant delivery. Critically, the focal shift introduced by high-index tastant solutions has been the fundamental limit in experimental design. Here we seek to address this issue by introducing an axially elongated Bessel beam in two-photon microscopy. Compared to the conventional Gaussian beam, the Bessel beam provides superior robustness to the index-induced focal shift, allowing us to acquire near artifact-free imaging of taste cells in response to a physiological taste stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyonggang Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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16
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Valli J, Sanderson J. Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for Assessing Mouse Biology. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e224. [PMID: 34436832 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution (diffraction unlimited) microscopy was developed 15 years ago; the developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of their work in 2014. Super-resolution microscopy is increasingly being applied to diverse scientific fields, from single molecules to cell organelles, viruses, bacteria, plants, and animals, especially the mammalian model organism Mus musculus. In this review, we explain how super-resolution microscopy, along with fluorescence microscopy from which it grew, has aided the renaissance of the light microscope. We cover experiment planning and specimen preparation and explain structured illumination microscopy, super-resolution radial fluctuations, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, and super-resolution imaging by pixel reassignment. The final section of this review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each super-resolution technique and how to choose the best approach for your research. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Valli
- Edinburgh Super Resolution Imaging Consortium (ESRIC), Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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17
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Singh A, Gao M, Beck MW. Human carboxylesterases and fluorescent probes to image their activity in live cells. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1142-1153. [PMID: 34355180 PMCID: PMC8292992 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterases (CESs) are serine hydrolases that are responsible for the phase I metabolism of an assortment of ester, amide, thioester, carbonate, and carbamate containing drugs. CES activity is known to be influenced by a variety of factors including single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative splicing, and drug-drug interactions. These different factors contribute to interindividual variability of CES activity which has been demonstrated to influence clinical outcomes among people treated with CES-substrate therapeutics. Detailed exploration of the factors that influence CES activity is emerging as an important area of research. The use of fluorescent probes with live cell imaging techniques can selectively visualize the real-time activity of CESs and have the potential to be useful tools to help reveal the impacts of CES activity variations on human health. This review summarizes the properties of the five known human CESs including factors reported to or that could potentially influence their activity before discussing the design aspects and use considerations of CES fluorescent probes in general in addition to highlighting several well-characterized probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA +1 217 581 6227
| | - Mingze Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA
| | - Michael W Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA +1 217 581 6227
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18
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Li Z, Tang H, Tu Y. Molecular and Nonmolecular Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:670639. [PMID: 34095259 PMCID: PMC8169961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic heart disease, and the increasing medical burden associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has become a major public health concern worldwide. Macrophages play an important role in all stages of the dynamic progress of atherosclerosis, from its initiation and lesion expansion increasing the vulnerability of plaques, to the formation of unstable plaques and clinical manifestations. Early imaging can identify patients at risk of coronary atherosclerotic disease and its complications, enabling preventive measures to be initiated. Recent advances in molecular imaging have involved the noninvasive and semi-quantitative targeted imaging of macrophages and their related molecules in vivo, which can detect atheroma earlier and more accurately than conventional imaging. Multimodal imaging integrates vascular structure, function, and molecular imaging technology to achieve multi-dimensional imaging, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate blood vessels and obtain clinical information based on anatomical structure and molecular level. At the same time, the rapid development of nonmolecular imaging technologies, such as intravascular imaging, which have the unique advantages of having intuitive accuracy and providing rich information to identify macrophage inflammation and inform targeted personalized treatment, has also been seen. In this review, we highlight recent methods and research hotspots in molecular and nonmolecular imaging of macrophages in atherosclerosis that have enormous potential for rapid clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Choo YW, Jeong J, Jung K. Recent advances in intravital microscopy for investigation of dynamic cellular behavior in vivo. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32475382 PMCID: PMC7396917 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.7.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most biological research relies on conventional experimental techniques that allow only static analyses at certain time points in vitro or ex vivo. However, if one could visualize cellular dynamics in living organisms, that would provide a unique opportunity to study key biological phenomena in vivo. Intravital microscopy (IVM) encompasses diverse optical systems for direct viewing of objects, including biological structures and individual cells in live animals. With the current development of devices and techniques, IVM addresses important questions in various fields of biological and biomedical sciences. In this mini-review, we provide a general introduction to IVM and examples of recent applications in the field of immunology, oncology, and vascular biology. We also introduce an advanced type of IVM, dubbed real-time IVM, equipped with video-rate resonant scanning. Since the real-time IVM can render cellular dynamics with high temporal resolution in vivo, it allows visualization and analysis of rapid biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woong Choo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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20
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Su S, Li X. Dive into Single, Seek Out Multiple: Probing Cancer Metastases via Single-Cell Sequencing and Imaging Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1067. [PMID: 33802312 PMCID: PMC7959126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths and continues to be the biggest challenge in clinical practice and laboratory investigation. The challenge is largely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic tumor populations and the complex interactions among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is important to determine the genotype and phenotype of individual cells so that the metastasis-driving events can be precisely identified, understood, and targeted in future therapies. Single-cell sequencing techniques have allowed the direct comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic changes among different stages of metastatic samples. Single-cell imaging approaches have enabled the live visualization of the heterogeneous behaviors of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. By applying these technologies, we are achieving a spatiotemporal precision understanding of cancer metastases and clinical therapeutic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
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21
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Parperis C, Wallace MI. Single-molecule imaging of pore-forming toxin dynamics in droplet interface bilayers. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:431-459. [PMID: 33712195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Single-channel recording from pore-forming toxins (PFTs) provides a clear and direct molecular readout of toxin action. However to complete any mechanistic understanding of PFT behavior, this functional kinetic readout must be linked to the underlying changes in toxin structure, binding, conformation, or stoichiometry. Here we review how single-molecule imaging methods might be used to further our understanding of PFTs, and provide detailed practical guidance on the use of droplet interface bilayers as a method capable of examining both single-molecule fluorescence and single-channel electrical signals from PFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parperis
- Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Autonomous adaptive data acquisition for scanning hyperspectral imaging. Commun Biol 2020; 3:684. [PMID: 33208883 PMCID: PMC7676237 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive and label-free spectral microscopy (spectromicroscopy) techniques can provide quantitative biochemical information complementary to genomic sequencing, transcriptomic profiling, and proteomic analyses. However, spectromicroscopy techniques generate high-dimensional data; acquisition of a single spectral image can range from tens of minutes to hours, depending on the desired spatial resolution and the image size. This substantially limits the timescales of observable transient biological processes. To address this challenge and move spectromicroscopy towards efficient real-time spatiochemical imaging, we developed a grid-less autonomous adaptive sampling method. Our method substantially decreases image acquisition time while increasing sampling density in regions of steeper physico-chemical gradients. When implemented with scanning Fourier Transform infrared spectromicroscopy experiments, this grid-less adaptive sampling approach outperformed standard uniform grid sampling in a two-component chemical model system and in a complex biological sample, Caenorhabditis elegans. We quantitatively and qualitatively assess the efficiency of data acquisition using performance metrics and multivariate infrared spectral analysis, respectively. Holman et al. develop a grid-less autonomous adaptive sampling method to explore high-dimensional spatiochemical experimental systems. Their method greatly decreases image acquisition time while improving spatial resolution, and when implemented with FTIR, it outperforms existing standard grid sampling approaches. They further show its utility for a complex biological sample, C. elegans.
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23
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Ueki H, Wang IH, Zhao D, Gunzer M, Kawaoka Y. Multicolor two-photon imaging of in vivo cellular pathophysiology upon influenza virus infection using the two-photon IMPRESS. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1041-1065. [PMID: 31996843 PMCID: PMC7086515 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon imaging is a valuable technique for studies of viral pathogenesis and host responses to infection in vivo. In this protocol, we describe a methodology for analyzing influenza virus-infected lung in vivo by two-photon imaging microscopy. We describe the surgical procedure, how to stabilize the lung, and an approach to analyzing the data. Further, we provide a database of fluorescent dyes, antibodies, and reporter mouse lines that can be used in combination with a reporter influenza virus (Color-flu) for multicolor analysis. Setup of this model typically takes ~30 min and enables the observation of influenza virus-infected lungs for >4 h during the acute phase of the inflammation and at least 1 h in the lethal phase. This imaging system, which we termed two-photon IMPRESS (imaging pathophysiology research system), is broadly applicable to analyses of other respiratory pathogens and reveals disease progression at the cellular level in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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24
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Nishida-Aoki N, Gujral TS. Emerging approaches to study cell-cell interactions in tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2019; 10:785-797. [PMID: 30774780 PMCID: PMC6366828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are of crucial importance for tissue formation, homeostasis, regeneration processes, and immune response. Recent studies underlined contribution of cell-cell interaction in tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer cells modify the host cells to tumor-supportive traits, and the modified host cells contribute to tumor progression by interacting with cancer cells and further modifying other normal cells. However, the complex interaction networks of cancer cells and host cells remained largely unknown. Recent advances in high throughput microscopy and single cells-based molecular analyses have unlocked a new era for studying cell-cell interactions in the complex tissue microenvironment at the resolution of a single cell. Here, we review various model systems and emerging experimental approaches that are used to study cell-cell interactions focusing on the studies of TME. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of each model system and each experimental approach, and how upcoming approaches can solve current fundamental questions of cell-cell interactions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nishida-Aoki
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Taranjit S. Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Chakraborty S, Lee SY, Lee JC, Yen CT, Sun CK. Saturated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy for the visualization of cerebral neural networks at millimeters deep depth. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800136. [PMID: 30112801 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging is a key modality for observing biological specimen with higher spatial resolution. However, scattering and absorption of light in tissues are inherent barriers in maximizing imaging depth in biological tissues. To achieve this goal, use of light at near-infrared spectrum can improve the present situation. Here, the capability of saturated two-photon saturated excitation (TP-SAX) fluorescence microscopy to image at depths of >2.0 mm, with submicron resolution in transparent mouse brain imaging, is demonstrated. At such depths with scattering-enlarged point spread function (PSF), we find that TP-SAX is capable to provide spatial resolution improvement compared to its corresponding TPFM, which is on the other hand already providing a much improved resolution compared with single-photon confocal fluorescence microscopy. With the capability to further improve spatial resolution at such deep depth with scattering-enlarged PSF, TP-SAX can be used for exquisite visualization of delicate cerebral neural structure in the scattering regime with a submicron spatial resolution inside intact mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Chang Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Kwok SJJ, Jo Y, Lin HH, Choi M, Yun SH. Millisecond cellular labelling in situ with two-photon photoconversion. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3067-3077. [PMID: 29984083 PMCID: PMC6033565 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ labeling of cells within living biological tissues using photoconversion has provided valuable information on cellular physiology in their natural environments. However, current photoconvertible probes typically require seconds to minutes of light exposure, limiting their uses in rapid biological processes such as intracellular diffusion and circulating cells. Here, we report that two-photon photoconversion of cyanine-based dyes offers unprecedentedly rapid photoconversion down to millisecond timescales per cell. We demonstrate potential biological applications including measuring intracellular diffusion kinetics in a spinal nerve, labeling of rapidly flowing cells in a microfluidic channel, and photoconversion of a circulating cell in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon J J Kwok
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yongjae Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Harvey H Lin
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Intravital microscopy in the study of the tumor microenvironment: from bench to human application. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20165-20178. [PMID: 29732011 PMCID: PMC5929454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a dynamic imaging modality that allows for the real time observation of biologic processes in vivo, including angiogenesis and immune cell interactions. In the setting of preclinical cancer models, IVM has facilitated an understanding of the tumor associated vasculature and the role of effector immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel approaches to apply IVM to human malignancies have thus far focused on cancer diagnosis and tumor vessel characterization, but have the potential to provide advances in the field of personalized medicine by identifying individual patients who may respond to systemically delivered chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the role that IVM has had in investigating tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment in preclinical studies and discuss its current and future applications to directly observe human tumors.
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Gran S, Honold L, Fehler O, Zenker S, Eligehausen S, Kuhlmann MT, Geven E, den Bosch MV, van Lent P, Spiekermann C, Hermann S, Vogl T, Schäfers M, Roth J. Imaging, myeloid precursor immortalization, and genome editing for defining mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Theranostics 2018; 8:2407-2423. [PMID: 29721088 PMCID: PMC5928898 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of leukocytes from the blood to sites of inflammation poses a promising target for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to develop a novel method to non-invasively analyze molecular mechanisms of leukocyte migration in pre-clinical models of inflammation in vivo. Methods: We used the ER-HoxB8 system to transiently immortalize murine myeloid precursors from wildtype and CD18- as well as MRP14-deficient mice. A VLA4α-/- cell line was generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. We analyzed the migration of wildtype and knockout leukocytes in vivo by optical and nuclear imaging in mice with irritant contact dermatitis, cutaneous granuloma, experimental arthritis and myocardial infarction. Results: Transient immortalization, gene editing and in vivo imaging can be combined to analyze migratory mechanisms of murine leukocytes, even for gene deletions resulting in lethal phenotypes in mice. We reliably confirmed known migratory defects of leukocytes deficient for the adhesion molecules CD18 or VLA4α. Also, using our new method we identified a new role of the most abundant calcium-binding proteins in phagocytes and major alarmins in many inflammatory diseases, MRP8 and MRP14, for transmigration in vivo. Conclusion: We provide a combinatorial approach to rapidly characterize molecular mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in vivo, with the potential to aid in identification of diagnostic and therapeutic targets in inflammatory pathologies.
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Li Y, Liu TM. Discovering Macrophage Functions Using In Vivo Optical Imaging Techniques. Front Immunol 2018; 9:502. [PMID: 29599778 PMCID: PMC5863475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an important component of host defense and inflammation and play a pivotal role in immune regulation, tissue remodeling, and metabolic regulation. Since macrophages are ubiquitous in human bodies and have versatile physiological functions, they are involved in virtually every disease, including cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. Molecular biological and histological methods have provided critical information on macrophage biology. However, many in vivo dynamic behaviors of macrophages are poorly understood and yet to be discovered. A better understanding of macrophage functions and dynamics in pathogenesis will open new opportunities for better diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic intervention. In this article, we will review the advances in macrophage tracking and analysis with in vivo optical imaging in the context of different diseases. Moreover, this review will cover the challenges and solutions for optical imaging techniques during macrophage intravital imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Vanherp L, Poelmans J, Hillen A, Govaerts K, Belderbos S, Buelens T, Lagrou K, Himmelreich U, Vande Velde G. Bronchoscopic fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy for longitudinal in vivo assessment of pulmonary fungal infections in free-breathing mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3009. [PMID: 29445211 PMCID: PMC5813038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary infections, are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preclinical studies often require invasive techniques to evaluate the extent of infection. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is an emerging optical imaging technique that allows for real-time detection of fluorescently labeled cells within live animals, thereby bridging the gap between in vivo whole-body imaging methods and traditional histological examinations. Previously, the use of FCFM in preclinical lung research was limited to endpoint observations due to the invasive procedures required to access lungs. Here, we introduce a bronchoscopic FCFM approach that enabled in vivo visualization and morphological characterisation of fungal cells within lungs of mice suffering from pulmonary Aspergillus or Cryptococcus infections. The minimally invasive character of this approach allowed longitudinal monitoring of infection in free-breathing animals, thereby providing both visual and quantitative information on infection progression. Both the sensitivity and specificity of this technique were high during advanced stages of infection, allowing clear distinction between infected and non-infected animals. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of this novel bronchoscopic FCFM approach to study pulmonary diseases, which can lead to novel insights in disease pathogenesis by allowing longitudinal in vivo microscopic examinations of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vanherp
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Poelmans
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Hillen
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Govaerts
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Belderbos
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tinne Buelens
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 6711, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O & N1 box 505, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Kwon J, Kim M, Park H, Kang BM, Jo Y, Kim JH, James O, Yun SH, Kim SG, Suh M, Choi M. Label-free nanoscale optical metrology on myelinated axons in vivo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1832. [PMID: 29184114 PMCID: PMC5705720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian nervous system, myelin provides electrical insulation for the neural circuit by forming a highly organized, multilayered thin film around the axon fibers. Here, we investigate the spectral reflectance from this subcellular nanostructure and devise a new label-free technique based on a spectroscopic analysis of reflected light, enabling nanoscale imaging of myelinated axons in their natural living state. Using this technique, we demonstrate three-dimensional mapping of the axon diameter and sensing of dynamic changes in the substructure of myelin at nanoscale. We further reveal the prevalence of axon bulging in the brain cortex in vivo after mild compressive trauma. Our novel tool opens new avenues of investigation by creating unprecedented access to the nanostructural dynamics of live myelinated axons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Kwon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyejin Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Man Kang
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Jo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver James
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Pereira ENGDS, Silvares RR, Flores EEI, Rodrigues KL, Ramos IP, da Silva IJ, Machado MP, Miranda RA, Pazos-Moura CC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Faria-Neto HCDC, Tibiriça E, Daliry A. Hepatic microvascular dysfunction and increased advanced glycation end products are components of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628674 PMCID: PMC5476253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In Wistar rats, NAFLD model was induced by 20 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Rolling and adhesion of leukocytes and tissue perfusion in hepatic microcirculation were examined using in vivo microscopic and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), respectively. Oxidative stress and inflamatory parameters were analysed by TBARs, catalase enzyme activity, RT-PCR and ELISA. The participation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and its receptor RAGE was evaluated by the measurement of gene and protein expression of RAGE by RT-PCR and Western-blot, respectively and by liver and serum quantification of fluorescent AGEs. RESULTS Wistar rats fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed increase in epididymal and abdominal fat content, systolic arterial blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol, and impairment of glucose and insulin metabolisms. Liver histology confirmed the presence of steatosis and ultrasound analysis revealed increased liver size and parenchymal echogenicity in HFD-fed rats. HFD causes significant increases in leukocyte rolling and adhesion on hepatic microcirculation and decrease in liver microvascular blood flow. Liver tissue presented increase in oxidative stress and inflammtion. At 20 weeks, there was a significantly increase in AGE content in the liver and serum of HFD-fed rats and an increase in RAGE gene expression in the liver. CONCLUSION The increase in liver AGE levels and microcirculatory disturbances could play a role in the pathogenesis of liver injury and are key components of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Laboratory of Celular and Molecular Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bio-imaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Igor José da Silva
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Tibiriça
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Huang S, Rompolas P. Two-photon microscopy for intracutaneous imaging of stem cell activity in mice. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:379-383. [PMID: 27676122 PMCID: PMC7405986 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adult skin is a typical example of a highly regenerative tissue. Terminally differentiated keratinocytes are shed from the external layers of the epidermis or extruded from the skin as part of the growing hair shaft on a daily basis. These are effectively replenished through the activity of skin-resident stem cells. Precise regulation of stem cell activity is critical for normal skin homoeostasis or wound healing and irregular stem cell proliferation or differentiation can lead to skin disease. The scarcity and dynamic nature of stem cells presents a major challenge for elucidating their mechanism of action. To address this, we have recently established a system for visualizing stem cell activity, in real time or long term, in the intact skin of live mice using two-photon microscopy. The purpose of this review was to provide essential information to researchers who wish to incorporate two-photon microscopy and live imaging into their experimental toolbox for studying aspects of skin and stem biology in the mouse model. We discuss fundamental principles of the method, instrumentation and basic experimental approaches to interrogate stem cell activity in the interfollicular epidermis and hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 U.S.A
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 U.S.A
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Abstract
Light and optical techniques have made profound impacts on modern
medicine, with numerous lasers and optical devices being currently used in
clinical practice to assess health and treat disease. Recent advances in
biomedical optics have enabled increasingly sophisticated technologies —
in particular those that integrate photonics with nanotechnology, biomaterials
and genetic engineering. In this Review, we revisit the fundamentals of
light–matter interactions, describe the applications of light in
imaging, diagnosis, therapy and surgery, overview their clinical use, and
discuss the promise of emerging light-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sheldon J J Kwok
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Karreman MA, Hyenne V, Schwab Y, Goetz JG. Intravital Correlative Microscopy: Imaging Life at the Nanoscale. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:848-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Two-photon excited photoconversion of cyanine-based dyes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23866. [PMID: 27029524 PMCID: PMC4814926 DOI: 10.1038/srep23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of phototransformable fluorescent proteins has led to significant advances in optical imaging, including the unambiguous tracking of cells over large spatiotemporal scales. However, these proteins typically require activating light in the UV-blue spectrum, which limits their in vivo applicability due to poor light penetration and associated phototoxicity on cells and tissue. We report that cyanine-based, organic dyes can be efficiently photoconverted by nonlinear excitation at the near infrared (NIR) window. Photoconversion likely involves singlet-oxygen mediated photochemical cleavage, yielding blue-shifted fluorescent products. Using SYTO62, a biocompatible and cell-permeable dye, we demonstrate photoconversion in a variety of cell lines, including depth-resolved labeling of cells in 3D culture. Two-photon photoconversion of cyanine-based dyes offer several advantages over existing photoconvertible proteins, including use of minimally toxic NIR light, labeling without need for genetic intervention, rapid kinetics, remote subsurface targeting, and long persistence of photoconverted signal. These findings are expected to be useful for applications involving rapid labeling of cells deep in tissue.
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37
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Rua R, McGavern DB. Elucidation of monocyte/macrophage dynamics and function by intravital imaging. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:319-32. [PMID: 26162402 PMCID: PMC4763596 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri0115-006rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are a diverse population of innate immune cells that play a critical role in homeostasis and inflammation. These cells are surveillant by nature and closely monitor the vasculature and surrounding tissue during states of health and disease. Given their abundance and strategic positioning throughout the body, myeloid cells are among the first responders to any inflammatory challenge and are active participants in most immune-mediated diseases. Recent studies have shed new light on myeloid cell dynamics and function by use of an imaging technique referred to as intravital microscopy (IVM). This powerful approach allows researchers to gain real-time insights into monocytes and macrophages performing homeostatic and inflammatory tasks in living tissues. In this review, we will present a contemporary synopsis of how intravital microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of myeloid cell contributions to vascular maintenance, microbial defense, autoimmunity, tumorigenesis, and acute/chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Rua
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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38
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Sieck G. Integrative and adaptive responses. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30:6-7. [PMID: 25559150 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00053.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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