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Shen F, Zhang Y, Li C, Yang H, Yuan P. Network pharmacology and experimental verification of the mechanism of licochalcone A against Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369662. [PMID: 38803378 PMCID: PMC11128579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains cause the majority of pneumonia cases and are resistant to various antibiotics. Given this background, it is very important to discover novel host-targeted therapies. Licochalcone A (LAA), a natural plant product, has various biological activities, but its primary targets in S. aureus pneumonia remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify its molecular target against S. aureus pneumonia. Network pharmacology analysis, histological assessment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blotting were used to confirm the pharmacological effects. Network pharmacology revealed 33 potential targets of LAA and S. aureus pneumonia. Enrichment analysis revealed that these potential genes were enriched in the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. The results were further verified by experiments in which LAA alleviated histopathological changes, inflammatory infiltrating cells and inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in vivo. Moreover, LAA treatment effectively reduced the expression levels of NF-κB, p-JNK, p-p38, NLRP3, ASC, caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in lung tissue. The in vitro experimental results were consistent with the in vivo results. Thus, our findings demonstrated that LAA exerts anti-infective effects on S. aureus-induced lung injury via suppression of the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for understanding the function of LAA against S. aureus pneumonia and implies its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Shen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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2
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Li Z, Barnaby R, Nymon A, Roche C, Koeppen K, Ashare A, Hogan DA, Gerber SA, Taatjes DJ, Hampton TH, Stanton BA. P. aeruginosa tRNA-fMet halves secreted in outer membrane vesicles suppress lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L574-L588. [PMID: 38440830 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00018.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although tobramycin increases lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs is only modestly reduced by tobramycin; hence, the mechanism whereby tobramycin improves lung function is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by laboratory and CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The 5' tRNA-fMet halves are transferred from OMVs into primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (CF-HBEC), decreasing OMV-induced IL-8 and IP-10 secretion. In mouse lungs, increased expression of the 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs attenuated KC (murine homolog of IL-8) secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, there was less IL-8 and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolated from pwCF during the period of exposure to tobramycin versus the period off tobramycin. In conclusion, we have shown in mice and in vitro studies on CF-HBEC that tobramycin reduces inflammation by increasing 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs that are delivered to CF-HBEC and reduce IL-8 and neutrophilic airway inflammation. This effect is predicted to improve lung function in pwCF receiving tobramycin for P. aeruginosa infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The experiments in this report identify a novel mechanism, whereby tobramycin reduces inflammation in two models of CF. Tobramycin increased the secretion of tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginosa, which reduced the OMV-LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary cultures of CF-HBEC and in mouse lung, an effect predicted to reduce lung damage in pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Roxanna Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Amanda Nymon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Carolyn Roche
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Health Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Dartmouth Health Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Biomedical Shared Resources, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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Li Z, Barnaby R, Nymon A, Roche C, Koeppen K, Ashare A, Hogan DA, Gerber SA, Taatjes DJ, Hampton TH, Stanton BA. P. aeruginosa tRNA-fMet halves secreted in outer membrane vesicles suppress lung inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578737. [PMID: 38352468 PMCID: PMC10862835 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Although tobramycin increases lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs is only modestly reduced by tobramycin; hence, the mechanism whereby tobramycin improves lung function is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by laboratory and CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa . The 5' tRNA-fMet halves are transferred from OMVs into primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (CF-HBEC), decreasing OMV-induced IL-8 and IP-10 secretion. In mouse lung, increased expression of the 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs attenuated KC secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, there was less IL-8 and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolated from pwCF during the period of exposure to tobramycin versus the period off tobramycin. In conclusion, we have shown in mice and in vitro studies on CF-HBEC that tobramycin reduces inflammation by increasing 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs that are delivered to CF-HBEC and reduce IL-8 and neutrophilic airway inflammation. This effect is predicted to improve lung function in pwCF receiving tobramycin for P. aeruginosa infection. New and noteworthy The experiments in this report identify a novel mechanim whereby tobramycin reduces inflammation in two models of CF. Tobramycin increased the secretion of tRNA-fMet haves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginiosa , which reduced the OMV-LPS induced inflammatory response in primary cultures of CF-HBEC and in mouse lung, an effect predicted to reduce lung damage in pwCF. Graphical abstract The anti-inflammatory effect of tobramycin mediated by 5' tRNA-fMet halves secreted in P. aeruginosa OMVs. (A) P. aeruginosa colonizes the CF lungs and secrets OMVs. OMVs diffuse through the mucus layer overlying bronchial epithelial cells and induce IL-8 secretion, which recruits neutrophils that causes lung damage. ( B ) Tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginosa . 5' tRNA-fMet halves are delivered into host cells after OMVs fuse with lipid rafts in CF-HBEC and down-regulate protein expression of MAPK10, IKBKG, and EP300, which suppresses IL-8 secretion and neutrophils in the lungs. A reduction in neutrophils in CF BALF is predicted to improve lung function and decrease lung damage.
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Ding X, Robbe-Masselot C, Fu X, Léonard R, Marsac B, Dauriat CJG, Lepissier A, Rytter H, Ramond E, Dupuis M, Euphrasie D, Dubail I, Schimmich C, Qin X, Parraga J, Leite-de-Moraes M, Ferroni A, Chassaing B, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Charbit A, Coureuil M, Jamet A. Airway environment drives the selection of quorum sensing mutants and promote Staphylococcus aureus chronic lifestyle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8135. [PMID: 38065959 PMCID: PMC10709412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of chronic lung infections. While the airway environment is rich in highly sialylated mucins, the interaction of S. aureus with sialic acid is poorly characterized. Using S. aureus USA300 as well as clinical isolates, we demonstrate that quorum-sensing dysfunction, a hallmark of S. aureus adaptation, correlates with a greater ability to consume free sialic acid, providing a growth advantage in an air-liquid interface model and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-seq experiment reveals that free sialic acid triggers transcriptional reprogramming promoting S. aureus chronic lifestyle. To support the clinical relevance of our results, we show the co-occurrence of S. aureus, sialidase-producing microbiota and free sialic acid in the airway of patients with cystic fibrosis. Our findings suggest a dual role for sialic acid in S. aureus airway infection, triggering virulence reprogramming and driving S. aureus adaptive strategies through the selection of quorum-sensing dysfunctional strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongqi Ding
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xiali Fu
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Léonard
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Marsac
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlene J G Dauriat
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Team «Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases», F75014, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Lepissier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Rytter
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ramond
- Genoscope, UMR8030, Laboratory of Systems & Synthetic Biology (LISSB), Xenome team, F91057, Evry, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Euphrasie
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Iharilalao Dubail
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Schimmich
- Anses, Laboratory of Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and epidemiology of equine diseases (PhEED), RD 675, F14430, Goustranville, France
| | - Xiaoquan Qin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Parraga
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Ferroni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Team «Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases», F75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France.
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Schinas G, Skintzi K, De Lastic AL, Rodi M, Gogos C, Mouzaki A, Akinosoglou K. Patterns, Cost, and Immunological Response of MDR vs. Non MDR-Bacteremia: A Prospective Cohort Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:1044. [PMID: 37624004 PMCID: PMC10458260 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, posing a critical challenge for the effective management of infectious diseases. This study aimed to compare the immunological response, clinical outcomes, and associated costs in patients with bacteremia due to antibiotic-resistant vs. susceptible bacterial microorganisms. METHODS This study was a single-center, prospective cohort study conducted from May 2017 to November 2019. The study population consisted of patients admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of bacteremia. RESULTS A total of 116 patients were included, with 53 (45.7%) harboring non-multidrug-resistant (non-MDR) bacterial isolates and 63 (54.3%) harboring multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates. Patients with MDR bacteremia had more severe clinical presentations, as indicated by higher SOFA and APACHE II scores. Results revealed higher all-cause mortality rates (39.7% vs. 17%) and median healthcare costs (€4791 vs. €2843.5) in the MDR bacteremia group. Moreover, MDR bacteremia was linked to higher levels of TNF-a, indicating a differential immune response. Furthermore, MDR bacteremia was found to be an independent predictor of mortality (OR = 3.216, 95% CI: 1.338-7.730, p = 0.009) and increased healthcare costs (effect size of approximately 27.4%). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the significant impact of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare settings, highlighting the urgency of addressing the challenges posed by MDR microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Schinas
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.S.); (K.S.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Katerina Skintzi
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.S.); (K.S.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Anne-Lise De Lastic
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.D.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Rodi
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.D.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.S.); (K.S.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.S.); (K.S.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.D.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.S.); (K.S.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Xu J, Xie L. Advances in immune response to pulmonary infection: Nonspecificity, specificity and memory. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:71-81. [PMID: 37305110 PMCID: PMC10249196 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung immune response consists of various cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune processes. Innate immunity participates in immune resistance in a nonspecific manner, whereas adaptive immunity effectively eliminates pathogens through specific recognition. It was previously believed that adaptive immune memory plays a leading role during secondary infections; however, innate immunity is also involved in immune memory. Trained immunity refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells caused by the first infection, which alters the immune response during the second challenge. Tissue resilience limits the tissue damage caused by infection by controlling excessive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. In this review, we summarize the impact of host immunity on the pathophysiological processes of pulmonary infections and discuss the latest progress in this regard. In addition to the factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms, we emphasize the importance of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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Souche A, Vandenesch F, Doléans-Jordheim A, Moreau K. How Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hijack the Host Immune Response in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076609. [PMID: 37047579 PMCID: PMC10094765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious genetic disease that leads to premature death, mainly due to impaired lung function. CF lungs are characterized by ongoing inflammation, impaired immune response, and chronic bacterial colonization. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are the two most predominant bacterial agents of these chronic infections. Both can colonize the lungs for years by developing host adaptation strategies. In this review, we examined the mechanisms by which SA and PA adapt to the host immune response. They are able to bypass the physical integrity of airway epithelia, evade recognition, and then modulate host immune cell proliferation. They also modulate the immune response by regulating cytokine production and by counteracting the activity of neutrophils and other immune cells. Inhibition of the immune response benefits not only the species that implements them but also other species present, and we therefore discuss how these mechanisms can promote the establishment of coinfections in CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Souche
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Doléans-Jordheim
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Karen Moreau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Zhang W, Gong Q, Tang Z, Ma X, Wang Z, Guan J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yan M. The natural product, echinatin, protects mice from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia by inhibition of alpha-hemolysin expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128144. [PMID: 37125192 PMCID: PMC10140358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global, multifaceted crisis that poses significant challenges to the successful eradication of devastating pathogens, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a persistent superbug that causes devastating infections. The scarcity of new antibacterial drugs is obvious, and antivirulence strategies that reduce the pathogenicity of bacteria by weakening their virulence have become the subject of intense investigation. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla), a cytolytic pore-forming toxin, has a pivotal role in S. aureus pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that echinatin, a natural compound isolated from licorice, effectively inhibited the hemolytic activity of MRSA at 32 μg/mL. In addition, echinatin did not interfere with bacterial growth and had no significant cytotoxicity at the inhibitory concentration of S. aureus hemolysis. Heptamer formation tightly correlated with Hla-mediated cell invasion, whereas echinatin did not affect deoxycholic acid-induced oligomerization of Hla. Echinatin affected hemolytic activity through indirect binding to Hla as confirmed by the neutralization assay and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that echinatin suppressed Hla expression at both the mRNA and protein levels as well as the transcript levels of Agr quorum-sensing system-related genes. Additionally, when echinatin was added to a coculture system of A549 cells and S. aureus, it significantly reduced cell damage. Importantly, echinatin exhibited a significant therapeutic effect in an MRSA-induced mouse pneumonia model. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that echinatin significantly inhibits the hemolysin effect and may be a potential candidate compound for combating drug-resistant MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhitong Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yan,
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9
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Triggered Exosomal Release of ADAM10 Mediates Proteolytic Cleavage in Trans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031259. [PMID: 35163191 PMCID: PMC8835980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a life-threatening disease often caused by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Many of the mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-6R) and junction molecules (e.g., E-cadherin) orchestrating inflammatory cell recruitment and loss of barrier integrity are proteolytically cleaved through a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs). We could show by Western blot, surface expression analysis and measurement of proteolytic activity in cell-based assays, that ADAM10 in epithelial cells is upregulated and activated upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Exotoxin A (ExoA), but not upon infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Targeting ADAM10 by pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing, we demonstrated that this activation was critical for cleavage of E-cadherin and modulated permeability and epithelial integrity. Stimulation with heat-inactivated bacteria revealed that the activation was based on the toxin repertoire rather than the interaction with the bacterial particle itself. Furthermore, calcium imaging experiments showed that the ExoA action was based on the induction of calcium influx. Investigating the extracellular vesicles and their proteolytic activity, we could show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggered exosomal release of ADAM10 and proteolytic cleavage in trans. This newly described mechanism could constitute an essential mechanism causing systemic inflammation in patients suffering from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia stimulating future translational studies.
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10
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Liu R, Liu Y, Liu C, Gao A, Wang L, Tang H, Wu Q, Wang X, Tian D, Qi Z, Shen Y. NEK7-Mediated Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Coordinated by Potassium Efflux/Syk/JNK Signaling During Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747370. [PMID: 34603335 PMCID: PMC8481599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a foodborne pathogen that causes severe diseases, such as endocarditis, sepsis, and bacteremia. As an important component of innate immune system, the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in defense against pathogen infection. However, the cellular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation during S. aureus infection remains unknown. In the present study, we found that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were rapidly phosphorylated during S. aureus infection. Moreover, a Syk/JNK inhibitor and Syk/JNK siRNA not only reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-associated molecule expression at the protein and mRNA levels, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 release but also rescued the decreased NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) expression level following suppression of the NEK7-NLRP3 interaction in macrophages. Interestingly, Syk/JNK phosphorylation levels and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated molecule expression were decreased by blockade of K+ efflux. Furthermore, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and a lower NEK7 protein level were found in vivo upon S. aureus infection. Taken together, our data indicated that S. aureus infection induces a K+ efflux/Syk/JNK/NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway and the subsequent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the release of proinflammatory cytokines. This study expands our understanding of the basic molecular mechanism regulating inflammation and provides potential value for anti-infective drug development against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yashan Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijiao Gao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixin Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases Of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Derun Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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11
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Let-7b-5p in vesicles secreted by human airway cells reduces biofilm formation and increases antibiotic sensitivity of P. aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105370118. [PMID: 34260396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105370118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that forms antibiotic-resistant biofilms, which facilitate chronic infections in immunocompromised hosts. We have previously shown that P. aeruginosa secretes outer-membrane vesicles that deliver a small RNA to human airway epithelial cells (AECs), in which it suppresses the innate immune response. Here, we demonstrate that interdomain communication through small RNA-containing membrane vesicles is bidirectional and that microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human AECs regulate protein expression, antibiotic sensitivity, and biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa Specifically, human EVs deliver miRNA let-7b-5p to P. aeruginosa, which systematically decreases the abundance of proteins essential for biofilm formation, including PpkA and ClpV1-3, and increases the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics to reduce biofilm formation by targeting the beta-lactamase AmpC. Let-7b-5p is bioinformatically predicted to target not only PpkA, ClpV1, and AmpC in P. aeruginosa but also the corresponding orthologs in Burkholderia cenocepacia, another notorious opportunistic lung pathogen, suggesting that the ability of let-7b-5p to reduce biofilm formation and increase beta-lactam sensitivity is not limited to P. aeruginosa Here, we provide direct evidence for transfer of miRNAs in EVs secreted by eukaryotic cells to a prokaryote, resulting in subsequent phenotypic alterations in the prokaryote as a result of this interdomain communication. Since let-7-family miRNAs are in clinical trials to reduce inflammation and because chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections are associated with a hyperinflammatory state, treatment with let-7b-5p and a beta-lactam antibiotic in nanoparticles or EVs may benefit patients with antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
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12
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal and a pathogenic bacterium for humans. Its ability to induce severe infections is based on a wide range of virulence factors. S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia (SA-CAP) is rare and severe, and the contribution of certain virulence factors in this disease has been recognized over the past 2 decades. First, the factors involved in metabolism adaptation are crucial for S. aureus survival in the lower respiratory tract, and toxins and enzymes are required for it to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier. S. aureus subsequently faces host defense mechanisms, including the epithelial barrier, but most importantly the immune system. Here, again, S. aureus uses myriad virulence factors to successfully escape from the host’s defenses and takes advantage of them. The impact of S. aureus virulence, combined with the collateral damage caused by an overwhelming immune response, leads to severe tissue damage and adverse clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize step by step all of the S. aureus factors implicated in CAP and described to date, and we provide an outlook for future research.
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13
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a common acute respiratory infection that affects the alveoli and distal airways; it is a major health problem and associated with high morbidity and short-term and long-term mortality in all age groups worldwide. Pneumonia is broadly divided into community-acquired pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia. A large variety of microorganisms can cause pneumonia, including bacteria, respiratory viruses and fungi, and there are great geographical variations in their prevalence. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in susceptible individuals, including children of <5 years of age and older adults with prior chronic conditions. Development of the disease largely depends on the host immune response, with pathogen characteristics having a less prominent role. Individuals with pneumonia often present with respiratory and systemic symptoms, and diagnosis is based on both clinical presentation and radiological findings. It is crucial to identify the causative pathogens, as delayed and inadequate antimicrobial therapy can lead to poor outcomes. New antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies, in addition to rapid and accurate diagnostic tests that can detect pathogens and antibiotic resistance will improve the management of pneumonia.
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14
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Yue L, Yan M, Chen S, Cao H, Li H, Xie Z. PTP1B negatively regulates STAT1-independent Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing by macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:296-303. [PMID: 32958258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main conditional pathogen of immunodeficiency individuals. The mechanisms governing immune response to P. aeruginosa infection by macrophages remain incompletely defined. Herein, we demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is a critical negative regulator of P. aeruginosa infection response by macrophages. PTP1B-deficient macrophages display greatly enhanced bacterial phagocytosis and killing, accompanied by increased lysosome formation during P. aeruginosa infection. We also found that PTP1B repressed nitric oxide (NO) production and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction following P. aeruginosa infection. PTP1B deficiency tended to upregulate the production of TRIF-interferon (IFN) pathway cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-β and interferon γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10, IP-10). Unexpectedly, the phosphorylation level of STAT1 was not regulated by PTP1B. In vivo experiments also confirmed that the regulatory function of PTP1B was not dependent on STAT1. These findings demonstrate that STAT1 is dispensable for negative regulation of P. aeruginosa clearance by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Han Cao
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua Li
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhongping Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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15
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Lacoma A, Usón L, Mendoza G, Sebastián V, Garcia-Garcia E, Muriel-Moreno B, Domínguez J, Arruebo M, Prat C. Novel intracellular antibiotic delivery system against Staphylococcus aureus: cloxacillin-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: First, to compare in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of free cloxacillin and cloxacillin-containing nanoparticles (NP) against methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and second, to assess NP antimicrobial activity against intracellular S. aureus. Methods: Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA)-NP were loaded with cloxacillin and physico-chemically characterized. MICs were determined for reference strains Newman-(MSSA) and USA300-(MRSA). Murine alveolar macrophages were infected, and bacterial intracellular survival was assessed after incubating with free-cloxacillin or PLGA-cloxacillin-NP. Results & conclusion: For both isolates, MICs for antibiotic-loaded-NP were lower than those obtained with free cloxacillin, indicating that the drug encapsulation improves antimicrobial activity. A sustained antibiotic release was demonstrated when using the PLGA-cloxacillin-NP. When considering the lowest concentrations, the use of drug-loaded NP enabled a higher reduction of intracellular bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lacoma
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Laura Usón
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Department of Chemical Engineering & Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza & Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Department of Chemical Engineering & Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza & Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastián
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Department of Chemical Engineering & Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza & Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Garcia
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Muriel-Moreno
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Department of Chemical Engineering & Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza & Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Deramaudt TB, Ali M, Vinit S, Bonay M. Sulforaphane reduces intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus in macrophages through inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK‑induced inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1927-1941. [PMID: 32323751 PMCID: PMC7169961 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are active contributors to the innate immune defense system. As macrophage activation is clearly affected by the surrounding microenvironment, the present study investigated the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the bactericidal activity of macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Human THP-1-derived macrophages, primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages, and primary mouse bone marrow derived-macrophages (BMDMs) pretreated with SFN or DMSO were utilized in a model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. The results suggested that SFN pretreatment of macrophages effectively repressed the intracellular survival of S. aureus through modulation of p38/JNK signaling and decreased S. aureus-induced caspases-3/7-dependent cell apoptosis, potentially through downregulation of microRNA (miR)-142-5p and miR-146a-5p. As SFN is a well-known activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nrf2−/− BMDMs were used to demonstrate that the SFN-mediated inhibitory effect was independent of Nrf2. Nevertheless, an increase in intracellular bacterial survival in Nrf2-deficient macrophages was observed. In addition, SFN pretreatment suppressed S. aureus-induced transcriptional expression of genes coding for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as for the M1 markers C-C motif chemokine receptor 7, IL-23 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis indicated that S. aureus challenge activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways, while SFN pretreatment prevented p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Pretreatment with 2 specific inhibitors of p38 and JNK, SB203580 and SP600125, respectively, resulted in a decrease in S. aureus-induced proinflammatory gene expression levels compared with those observed in the SFN-pretreated macrophages. Furthermore, THP-1-derived macrophages pretreated with SB203580 or SP600125 prior to bacterial infection exhibited a significant inhibition in intracellular S. aureus survival. In conclusion, we hypothesize that concomitant targeting of the p38/JNK-inflammatory response and the S. aureus-induced apoptosis with SFN may be a promising therapeutic approach in S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese B Deramaudt
- Department of Neuromuscular Handicap: Biotherapies and Therapeutic Innovations, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Versailles‑Saint‑Quentin‑en‑Yvelines, 78180 Montigny‑le‑Bretonneux, France
| | - Malika Ali
- Department of Neuromuscular Handicap: Biotherapies and Therapeutic Innovations, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Versailles‑Saint‑Quentin‑en‑Yvelines, 78180 Montigny‑le‑Bretonneux, France
| | - Stephane Vinit
- Department of Neuromuscular Handicap: Biotherapies and Therapeutic Innovations, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Versailles‑Saint‑Quentin‑en‑Yvelines, 78180 Montigny‑le‑Bretonneux, France
| | - Marcel Bonay
- Department of Neuromuscular Handicap: Biotherapies and Therapeutic Innovations, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Versailles‑Saint‑Quentin‑en‑Yvelines, 78180 Montigny‑le‑Bretonneux, France
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17
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Cryptides Identified in Human Apolipoprotein B as New Weapons to Fight Antibiotic Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062049. [PMID: 32192076 PMCID: PMC7139702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and are characterized by the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and biofilm formation, generally recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Hence, novel effective strategies are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides represent new promising therapeutic agents. Here, we analyze for the first time the efficacy of three versions of a cryptide identified in human apolipoprotein B (ApoB, residues 887-922) towards bacterial strains clinically isolated from CF patients. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of ApoB-derived cryptides have been analyzed by broth microdilution assays, crystal violet assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation assays have been performed to test cryptide effects on human host cells. ApoB-derived cryptides have been found to be endowed with significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties towards Pseudomonas and Burkholderia strains clinically isolated from CF patients. Peptides have been also found to be able to act in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and they are harmless when tested on human bronchial epithelial mesothelial cells. These findings open interesting perspectives to cryptide applicability in the treatment of chronic lung infections associated with CF disease.
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18
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Yue L, Yan M, Tremblay ML, Lin TJ, Li H, Yang T, Song X, Xie T, Xie Z. PTP1B negatively regulates nitric oxide-mediated Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing by neutrophils. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222753. [PMID: 31532798 PMCID: PMC6750887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Mechanisms underlying the negative regulation of neutrophil function in bacterial clearance remain incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of P. aeruginosa clearance by neutrophils. PTP1B-deficient neutrophils display greatly enhanced bacterial phagocytosis and killing, which are accompanied by increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling activation and nitric oxide (NO) production following P. aeruginosa infection. Interestingly, PTP1B deficiency mainly upregulates the production of IL-6 and IFN-β, leads to enhanced TLR4-dependent STAT1 activation and iNOS expression by neutrophils following P. aeruginosa infection. Further studies reveal that PTP1B and STAT1 are physically associated. These findings demonstrate a negative regulatory mechanism in neutrophil underlying the elimination of P. aeruginosa infection though a PTP1B-STAT1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hua Li
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Song
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Dela Cruz CS, Wunderink RG, Christiani DC, Cormier SA, Crothers K, Doerschuk CM, Evans SE, Goldstein DR, Khatri P, Kobzik L, Kolls JK, Levy BD, Metersky ML, Niederman MS, Nusrat R, Orihuela CJ, Peyrani P, Prince AS, Ramírez JA, Ridge KM, Sethi S, Suratt BT, Sznajder JI, Tsalik EL, Walkey AJ, Yende S, Aggarwal NR, Caler EV, Mizgerd JP. Future Research Directions in Pneumonia. NHLBI Working Group Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:256-263. [PMID: 29546996 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201801-0139ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a complex pulmonary disease in need of new clinical approaches. Although triggered by a pathogen, pneumonia often results from dysregulations of host defense that likely precede infection. The coordinated activities of immune resistance and tissue resilience then dictate whether and how pneumonia progresses or resolves. Inadequate or inappropriate host responses lead to more severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and to organ dysfunction beyond the lungs and over extended time frames after pathogen clearance, some of which increase the risk for subsequent pneumonia. Improved understanding of such host responses will guide the development of novel approaches for preventing and curing pneumonia and for mitigating the subsequent pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of pneumonia. The NHLBI assembled a working group of extramural investigators to prioritize avenues of host-directed pneumonia research that should yield novel approaches for interrupting the cycle of unhealthy decline caused by pneumonia. This report summarizes the working group's specific recommendations in the areas of pneumonia susceptibility, host response, and consequences. Overarching goals include the development of more host-focused clinical approaches for preventing and treating pneumonia, the generation of predictive tools (for pneumonia occurrence, severity, and outcome), and the elucidation of mechanisms mediating immune resistance and tissue resilience in the lung. Specific areas of research are highlighted as especially promising for making advances against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Dela Cruz
- 1 Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- 2 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David C Christiani
- 3 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and.,4 Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kristina Crothers
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- 7 Marsico Lung Institute and.,8 Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott E Evans
- 9 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- 10 Department of Internal Medicine.,11 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and.,12 Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- 13 Center for Biomedical Information Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lester Kobzik
- 3 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and
| | - Jay K Kolls
- 14 Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bruce D Levy
- 15 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark L Metersky
- 16 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michael S Niederman
- 17 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Roomi Nusrat
- 18 Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- 19 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paula Peyrani
- 20 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alice S Prince
- 21 Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julio A Ramírez
- 20 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Karen M Ridge
- 2 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- 22 Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Benjamin T Suratt
- 23 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- 2 Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- 24 Emergency Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina.,25 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allan J Walkey
- 26 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sachin Yende
- 27 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,28 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Neil R Aggarwal
- 29 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- 26 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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S. aureus Evades Macrophage Killing through NLRP3-Dependent Effects on Mitochondrial Trafficking. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2431-2441. [PMID: 29490278 PMCID: PMC7160668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical severity of Staphylococcus aureus respiratory infection correlates with alpha toxin (AT) expression. AT activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; deletion of Nlrp3, or AT neutralization, protects mice from lethal S. aureus pneumonia. We tested the hypothesis that this protection is not due to a reduction in inflammasome-dependent cytokines (IL-1β/IL-18) but increased bactericidal function of macrophages. In vivo, neutralization of AT or NLRP3 improved bacterial clearance and survival, while blocking IL-1β/IL-18 did not. Primary human monocytes were used in vitro to determine the mechanism through which NLRP3 alters bacterial killing. In cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NLRP3 or infected with AT-null S. aureus, mitochondria co-localize with bacterial-containing phagosomes. Mitochondrial engagement activates caspase-1, a process dependent on complex II of the electron transport chain, near the phagosome, promoting its acidification. These data demonstrate a mechanism utilized by S. aureus to sequester itself from antimicrobial processes within the cell.
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21
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Spolski R, West EE, Li P, Veenbergen S, Yung S, Kazemian M, Oh J, Yu ZX, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Murphy PM, Leonard WJ. IL-21/type I interferon interplay regulates neutrophil-dependent innate immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus. eLife 2019; 8:45501. [PMID: 30969166 PMCID: PMC6504231 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major hospital- and community-acquired pathogen, but the mechanisms underlying host-defense to MRSA remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of IL-21 in this process. When administered intra-tracheally into wild-type mice, IL-21 induced granzymes and augmented clearance of pulmonary MRSA but not when neutrophils were depleted or a granzyme B inhibitor was added. Correspondingly, IL-21 induced MRSA killing by human peripheral blood neutrophils. Unexpectedly, however, basal MRSA clearance was also enhanced when IL-21 signaling was blocked, both in Il21r KO mice and in wild-type mice injected with IL-21R-Fc fusion-protein. This correlated with increased type I interferon and an IFN-related gene signature, and indeed anti-IFNAR1 treatment diminished MRSA clearance in these animals. Moreover, we found that IFNβ induced granzyme B and promoted MRSA clearance in a granzyme B-dependent fashion. These results reveal an interplay between IL-21 and type I IFN in the innate immune response to MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sharon Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sunny Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jangsuk Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- The Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Stephen M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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22
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and inflammation is damaging. Intercellular and interorgan signaling networks coordinate these actions to fight infection and protect the tissue. Cells residing in the lung initiate and steer these responses, with additional immunity effectors recruited from the bloodstream. Responses of extrapulmonary tissues, including the liver, bone marrow, and others, are essential to resistance and resilience. Responses in the lung and extrapulmonary organs can also be counterproductive and drive acute and chronic comorbidities after respiratory infection. This review discusses cell-specific and organ-specific roles in the integrated physiological response to acute lung infection, and the mechanisms by which intercellular and interorgan signaling contribute to host defense and healthy respiratory physiology or to acute lung injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and adverse extrapulmonary sequelae. Pneumonia should no longer be perceived as simply an acute infection of the lung. Pneumonia susceptibility reflects ongoing and poorly understood chronic conditions, and pneumonia results in diverse and often persistent deleterious consequences for multiple physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan J Walkey
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Abstract
Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. However, pneumonia is an unusual outcome of respiratory infection. Most of the time, microbes in the lung can be controlled by a combination of constitutive and recruited defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a key component of recruited defenses. Variations in inflammation that influence pneumonia susceptibility and severity are considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Bouillot S, Reboud E, Huber P. Functional Consequences of Calcium Influx Promoted by Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100387. [PMID: 30257425 PMCID: PMC6215193 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pore-forming toxins induce a rapid and massive increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration due to the formation of pores in the plasma membrane and/or activation of Ca2+-channels. As Ca2+ is an essential messenger in cellular signaling, a sustained increase in Ca2+ concentration has dramatic consequences on cellular behavior, eventually leading to cell death. However, host cells have adapted mechanisms to protect against Ca2+ intoxication, such as Ca2+ efflux and membrane repair. The final outcome depends upon the nature and concentration of the toxin and on the cell type. This review highlights the repercussions of Ca2+ overload on the induction of cell death, repair mechanisms, cellular adhesive properties, and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bouillot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA BIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38054, France.
| | - Emeline Reboud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA BIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38054, France.
| | - Philippe Huber
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA BIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38054, France.
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25
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Peñaloza HF, Noguera LP, Riedel CA, Bueno SM. Expanding the Current Knowledge About the Role of Interleukin-10 to Major Concerning Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2047. [PMID: 30279680 PMCID: PMC6153308 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokine produced during bacterial infection. Two related phenomena explain the importance of IL-10 production in this context: first, the wide range of cells able to produce this cytokine and second, the wide effects that it causes on target cells. In a previous report we described opposing roles of IL-10 production during bacterial infection. Overall, during infections caused by intracellular bacteria or by pathogens that modulate the inflammatory response, IL-10 production facilitates bacterial persistence and dissemination within the host. Whereas during infections caused by extracellular or highly inflammatory bacteria, IL-10 production reduces host tissue damage and facilitates host survival. Given that these data were obtained using antibiotic susceptible bacteria, the potential application of these studies to multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria needs to be evaluated. MDR bacteria can become by 2050 a major death cause worldwide, not only for its ability to resist antimicrobial therapy but also because the virulence of these strains is different as compared to antibiotic susceptible strains. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction of MDR-bacteria with the immune system during infection. This review discusses the current data about the role of IL-10 during infections caused by major circulating antibiotic resistant bacteria. We conclude that the production of IL-10 improves host survival during infections caused by extracellular or highly inflammatory bacteria, however, it is detrimental during infections caused by intracellular bacteria or bacterial pathogens that modulate the inflammatory response. Importantly, during MDR-bacterial infections a differential IL-10 production has been described, compared to non-MDR bacteria, which might be due to virulence factors specific of MDR bacteria that modulate production of IL-10. This knowledge is important for the development of new therapies against infections caused by these bacteria, where antibiotics effectiveness is dramatically decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreani P. Noguera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Riquelme SA, Ahn D, Prince A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Adaptation to Innate Immune Clearance Mechanisms in the Lung. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:442-454. [PMID: 29617698 PMCID: PMC6785651 DOI: 10.1159/000487515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different species of gram-negative bacteria are associated with infection in the lung, causing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), and ventilator-associated pneumonias. These airway pathogens must adapt to common host clearance mechanisms that include killing by antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, oxidative stress, and phagocytosis by leukocytes. Bacterial adaptation to the host is often evident phenotypically, with increased extracellular polysaccharide production characteristic of some biofilm-associated organisms. Given the relatively limited repertoire of bacterial strategies to elude airway defenses, it seems likely that organisms sharing the same ecological niche might also share common strategies to persistently infect the lung. In this review, we will highlight some of the major factors responsible for the adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the lung, addressing how growth in biofilms enables persistent infection, relevant to, but not limited to, the pathogenesis of infection in CF. In contrast, we will discuss how carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae evade immune clearance, an organism often associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia and health-care-acquired pneumonias, but not a typical pathogen in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Hakansson AP, Orihuela CJ, Bogaert D. Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:781-811. [PMID: 29488821 PMCID: PMC5966719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that respiratory infections are the direct result of acquisition of pathogenic viruses or bacteria, followed by their overgrowth, dissemination, and in some instances tissue invasion. In the last decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to this classical view, the majority of microorganisms associated with respiratory infections and inflammation are actually common members of the respiratory ecosystem and only in rare circumstances do they cause disease. This suggests that a complex interplay between host, environment, and properties of colonizing microorganisms together determines disease development and its severity. To understand the pathophysiological processes that underlie respiratory infectious diseases, it is therefore necessary to understand the host-bacterial interactions occurring at mucosal surfaces, along with the microbes inhabiting them, during symbiosis. Current knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during asymptomatic colonization will be discussed, including a plausible role for the human microbiome in maintaining a healthy state. With this as a starting point, we will discuss possible disruptive factors contributing to dysbiosis, which is likely to be a key trigger for pathobionts in the development and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Finally, from this renewed perspective, we will reflect on current and potential new approaches for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C J Orihuela
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Bogaert
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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28
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Brown RL, Sequeira RP, Clarke TB. The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1512. [PMID: 29142211 PMCID: PMC5688119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota promotes resistance to respiratory infection, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Here, we identify members of the microbiota that protect against respiratory infection by the major human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We show that the microbiota enhances respiratory defenses via granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, which stimulates pathogen killing and clearance by alveolar macrophages through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Increased pulmonary GM-CSF production in response to infection is primed by the microbiota through interleukin-17A. By combining models of commensal colonization in antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice, using cultured commensals from the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla, we found that potent Nod-like receptor-stimulating bacteria in the upper airway (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and intestinal microbiota (Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium orbiscindens) promote resistance to lung infection through Nod2 and GM-CSF. Our data reveal the identity, location, and properties of bacteria within the microbiota that regulate lung immunity, and delineate the host signaling axis they activate to protect against respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Brown
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard P Sequeira
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas B Clarke
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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29
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Chen C, Mangoni ML, Di YP. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of frog skin-derived peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pulmonary infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8548. [PMID: 28819175 PMCID: PMC5561116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and frequently drug-resistant pulmonary pathogen especially in cystic fibrosis sufferers. Recently, the frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Esc(1-21) and its diastereomer Esc(1-21)-1c were found to possess potent in vitro antipseudomonal activity. Here, they were first shown to preserve the barrier integrity of airway epithelial cells better than the human AMP LL-37. Furthermore, Esc(1-21)-1c was more efficacious than Esc(1-21) and LL-37 in protecting host from pulmonary bacterial infection after a single intra-tracheal instillation at a very low dosage of 0.1 mg/kg. The protection was evidenced by 2-log reduction of lung bacterial burden and was accompanied by less leukocytes recruitment and attenuated inflammatory response. In addition, the diastereomer was more efficient in reducing the systemic dissemination of bacterial cells. Importantly, in contrast to what reported for other AMPs, the peptide was administered at 2 hours after bacterial challenge to better reflect the real life infectious conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first study investigating the effect of AMPs on airway-epithelia associated genes upon administration to infected lungs. Overall, our data highly support advanced preclinical studies for the development of Esc(1-21)-1c as an efficacious therapeutic alternative against pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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30
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A novel function of TLR4 in mediating the immunomodulatory effect of Benzanthrone, an environmental pollutant. Toxicol Lett 2017; 276:69-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Clemente AM, Castronovo G, Antonelli A, D’Andrea MM, Tanturli M, Perissi E, Paccosi S, Parenti A, Cozzolino F, Rossolini GM, Torcia MG. Differential Th17 response induced by the two clades of the pandemic ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal lineages producing KPC-type carbapenemase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178847. [PMID: 28586386 PMCID: PMC5460819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of KPC-type carbapenemases is mainly attributed to the global dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) strains belonging to the clonal group (CG) 258, including sequence type (ST) 258 and other related STs. Two distinct clades of CG258-KP have evolved, which differ mainly for the composition of their capsular polysaccharides, and recent studies indicate that clade 1 evolved from an ancestor of clade 2 by recombination of a genomic fragment carrying the capsular polysaccharide (cps) locus. In this paper, we investigated the ability of two ST258-KP strains, KKBO-1 and KK207-1, selected as representatives of ST258-KP clade 2 and clade 1, respectively, to activate an adaptive immune response using ex vivo-stimulation of PBMC from normal donors as an experimental model. Our data showed that KKBO-1 (clade 2) induces a Th17 response more efficiently than KK207-1 (clade 1): the percentage of CD4+IL17+ cells and the production of IL-17A were significantly higher in cultures with KKBO-1 compared to cultures with KK207-1. While no differences in the rate of bacterial internalization or in the bacteria-induced expression of CD86 and HLA-DR by monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells were revealed, we found that the two strains significantly differ in inducing the production of cytokines involved in the adaptive immune response, as IL-1β, IL-23 and TNF-α, by antigen-presenting cells, with KKBO-1 being a more efficient inducer than KK207-1. The immune responses elicited by KK207-1 were comparable to those elicited by CIP 52.145, a highly virulent K. pneumoniae reference strain known to escape immune-inflammatory responses. Altogether, present results suggest that CG258-KP of the two clades are capable of inducing a different response of adaptive immunity in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Maria Clemente
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castronovo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D’Andrea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tanturli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eloisa Perissi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- * E-mail:
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32
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Gomez-Simmonds A, Uhlemann AC. Clinical Implications of Genomic Adaptation and Evolution of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S18-S27. [PMID: 28375514 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a major challenge to healthcare worldwide as an important cause of multidrug-resistant infections. Nosocomial clones, including epidemic sequence type 258 (ST258), have shown an affinity for acquiring and disseminating resistance plasmids, particularly variants of the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. By comparison, the resurgence of severe community-associated K. pneumoniae infections has led to increased recognition of hypervirulent strains belonging to the K1 and K2 capsular serotypes, predominantly in eastern Asia. Genomic and functional studies suggest that a variety of virulence and immune evasive factors contribute to the success of nosocomial and community-associated clonal lineages, aided by mechanisms of genetic plasticity that contribute to uptake of genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. While there currently appears to be limited overlap between resistant and hypervirulent lineages, specific bacterial and host factors contributing to the emergence of dominant clones remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular epidemiology, virulence potential, and host-pathogen interactions of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez-Simmonds
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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33
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Lin CK, Kazmierczak BI. Inflammation: A Double-Edged Sword in the Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:250-261. [PMID: 28222444 DOI: 10.1159/000455857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits failures of barrier defense and innate immunity to cause acute infections at a range of anatomic sites. We review the defense mechanisms that normally protect against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, as well as the bacterial products and activities that trigger their activation. Innate immune recognition of P. aeruginosa is critical for pathogen clearance; nonetheless, inflammation is also associated with pathogen persistence and poor host outcomes. We describe P. aeruginosa adaptations that improve this pathogen's fitness in the inflamed airway, and briefly discuss strategies to manipulate inflammation to benefit the host. Such adjunct therapies may become increasingly important in the treatment of acute and chronic infections caused by this multi-drug-resistant pathogen.
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34
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Castronovo G, Clemente AM, Antonelli A, D’Andrea MM, Tanturli M, Perissi E, Paccosi S, Parenti A, Cozzolino F, Rossolini GM, Torcia MG. Differences in Inflammatory Response Induced by Two Representatives of Clades of the Pandemic ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Lineage Producing KPC-Type Carbapenemases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170125. [PMID: 28081233 PMCID: PMC5231394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ST258-K. pneumoniae (ST258-KP) strains, the most widespread multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired pathogens, belong to at least two clades differing in a 215 Kb genomic region that includes the cluster of capsule genes. To investigate the effects of the different capsular phenotype on host-pathogen interactions, we studied representatives of ST258-KP clades, KKBO-1 and KK207-1, for their ability to activate monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells from human immune competent hosts. The two ST258-KP strains strongly induced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Significant differences between the strains were found in their ability to induce the production of IL-1β: KK207-1/clade I was much less effective than KKBO-1/clade II in inducing IL-1β production by monocytes and dendritic cells. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by live cells and/or purified capsular polysaccharides was studied in monocytes and dendritic cells. We found that glibenclamide, a NLRP3 inhibitor, inhibits more than 90% of the production of mature IL-1β induced by KKBO1 and KK207-1. KK207-1 was always less efficient compared to KKBO-1 in: a) inducing NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β gene and protein expression; b) in inducing caspase-1 activation and pro-IL-1β cleavage. Capsular composition may play a role in the differential inflammatory response induced by the ST258-KP strains since capsular polysaccharides purified from bacterial cells affect NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β gene expression through p38MAPK- and NF-κB-mediated pathways. In each of these functions, capsular polysaccharides from KK207-1 were significantly less efficient compared to those purified from KKBO-1. On the whole, our data suggest that the change in capsular phenotype may help bacterial cells of clade I to partially escape innate immune recognition and IL-1β-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castronovo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ann Maria Clemente
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D’Andrea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tanturli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eloisa Perissi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Brown RL, Clarke TB. The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota. Immunology 2017; 150:1-6. [PMID: 27311879 PMCID: PMC5221693 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin and mucosal epithelia of humans and other mammals are permanently colonized by large microbial communities (the microbiota). Due to this life-long association with the microbiota, these microbes have an extensive influence over the physiology of their host organism. It is now becoming apparent that nearly all tissues and organ systems, whether in direct contact with the microbiota or in deeper host sites, are under microbial influence. The immune system is perhaps the most profoundly affected, with the microbiota programming both its innate and adaptive arms. The regulation of immunity by the microbiota helps to protect the host against intestinal and extra-intestinal infection by many classes of pathogen. In this review, we will discuss the experimental evidence supporting a role for the microbiota in regulating host defences to extra-intestinal infection, draw together common mechanistic themes, including the central role of pattern recognition receptors, and outline outstanding questions that need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brown
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas B. Clarke
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) assay for detection of bacteria: False positives secondary to inflammation in vivo. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 132:9-13. [PMID: 27840194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) assay has been developed as a means to detect bacterial peptidoglycan as a surrogate for live bacteria. Here, we present results that indicate that generation of melanin by this assay is not fully reliable as a surrogate marker for bacterial count.
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