1
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Ferreira JC, Villanueva AJ, Fadl S, Al Adem K, Cinviz ZN, Nedyalkova L, Cardoso THS, Andrade ME, Saksena NK, Sensoy O, Rabeh WM. Residues in the Fructose Binding Pocket Are Required for Ketohexokinase-A Activity. J Biol Chem 2024:107538. [PMID: 38971308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption is a primary contributor to the global surges in obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Fructolysis is not robustly regulated and is initiated by ketohexokinase (KHK). In this study, we determined the crystal structure of KHK-A, one of two human isozymes of KHK, in the apo-state at 1.85 Å resolution, and we investigated the roles of residues in the fructose-binding pocket by mutational analysis. Introducing alanine at D15, N42, or N45 inactivated KHK-A, whereas mutating R141 or K174 reduced activity and thermodynamic stability. Kinetic studies revealed that the R141A and K174A mutations reduced fructose affinity by 2- to 4-fold compared to WT KHK-A, without affecting ATP affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations provided mechanistic insights into the potential roles of the mutated residues in ligand coordination and the maintenance of an open state in one monomer and a closed state in the other. Protein-protein interactome analysis indicated distinct expression patterns and downregulation of partner proteins in different tumor tissues, warranting a re-evaluation of KHK's role in cancer development and progression. The connections between different cancer genes and the KHK signaling pathway suggest that KHK is a potential target for preventing cancer metastasis. This study enhances our understanding of KHK-A's structure and function and offers valuable insights into potential targets for developing treatments for obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Ferreira
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adrian J Villanueva
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar Fadl
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Al Adem
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeynep Nur Cinviz
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lyudmila Nedyalkova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thyago H S Cardoso
- G42 Healthcare Omics Excellence Center, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mario Edson Andrade
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nitin K Saksena
- Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Ozge Sensoy
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wael M Rabeh
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Ting KK. John Yudkin's hypothesis: sugar is a major dietary culprit in the development of cardiovascular disease. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1407108. [PMID: 39027662 PMCID: PMC11257042 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the risk of developing atherosclerosis has extended beyond Western countries and now affecting individuals from various ethnic backgrounds and age groups. Traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as hypercholesterolemia, has been better controlled than before due to highly effective and inexpensive therapies at lowering plasma cholesterol levels. However, the role of reducing dietary cholesterol intake, as a public healthy strategy, in preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular mortalities has been recently challenged. Indeed, despite our continuous decline of dietary cholesterol intake within the last 50 years, the incidence of cardiovascular mortalities has continued to rise, thus raising the possibility that other dietary factors, such as fructose-containing sugars, are the major culprit. In the 1970s, John Yudkin first proposed that sugar was the predominant dietary factor that underlies the majority of cardiovascular mortalities, yet his hypothesis was dismissed. However, over the last 25 years substantial scientific evidence has been accumulated to support Yudkin's hypothesis. The objectives of this review are to highlight Yudkin's significant contribution to nutritional science by reviewing his hypothesis and summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of fructose metabolism. The metabolic consequences of fructose metabolism, such as fructose-induced uricemia, insulin resistance, lipoprotein hyperproduction and chronic inflammation, and how they are linked to atherosclerosis as risk factors will be discussed. Finally, the review will explore areas that warrant future research and raise important considerations that we need to evaluate when designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K.Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Singh S A, Singh S, Begum RF, Vijayan S, Vellapandian C. Unveiling the profound influence of sucralose on metabolism and its role in shaping obesity trends. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1387646. [PMID: 39015535 PMCID: PMC11250074 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1387646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners, prominently exemplified by sucralose, have become pervasive in contemporary diets, prompting intriguing questions about their impact on metabolism and their potential role in the unfolding trends of obesity. Covering topics from its discovery to analytical methods for detection and determination in food samples, the manuscript scrutinizes the metabolic effects of sucralose. Notably, the association between sucralose intake and obesity is examined, challenging the conventional belief of its role in weight management. The document comprehensively examines in vivo studies, revealing sucralose's implications on insulin resistance, gut microbiota, and metabolic syndrome, providing a nuanced comprehension of its impact on human health. Additionally, it explores sucralose's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular health, underscoring its possible involvement in malignancy development. The review concludes with a call for increased public awareness, education, and updated dietary guidelines to help individuals make informed choices about sweetener consumption. The future perspectives section highlights the need for longitudinal studies, exploring alternative sweeteners, and refining acceptable daily intake limits to ensure public health recommendations align with evolving regulatory guidelines. Overall, the manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of sucralose's multifaceted impact on health, urging further research and a balanced perspective on sweetener consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rukaiah Fatma Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukanya Vijayan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Wang J, Wei Y, Galizzi MM, Kwan HS, Zee BCY, Fung H, Yung TKC, Wong ELY, Yue Q, Lee MKL, Wu Y, Wang K, Wu H, Yeoh EK, Chong KC. Evaluating the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages tax on overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in an affluent Asian setting: A willingness-to-pay survey and simulation analysis. Prev Med 2024; 184:107994. [PMID: 38723779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential health effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been insufficiently examined in Asian contexts. This study aimed to assess the impact of SSB taxation on the prevalence of obesity/overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hong Kong using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey and simulation analysis. METHODS A random telephone survey was conducted with 1000 adults from May to June 2020. We used a contingent valuation approach to assess individuals' WTP for SSBs under four tax payment scenarios (5%, 10%, 40%, and 50% of the current market price). Based on the WTP, a simulation analysis was conducted to project changes in SSB purchase and associated reductions in the prevalence of obesity/overweight and T2DM over a 10-year simulation period. FINDINGS When 5% and 10% taxation rates were introduced, approximately one-third of the population were unwilling to maintain their SSB purchase. Our simulation demonstrated a gradual decline in the prevalence of obesity/overweight and diabetes with a more pronounced decrease when higher taxation rates were introduced. 10% taxation resulted in a mean reduction of 1532.7 cases of overweight/obesity per 100 thousand population at the sixth year, while T2DM prevalence decreased by 267.1 (0.3%). CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the effects of an SSB tax on purchase behaviors and health outcomes in an affluent Asia setting, with a more pronounced influence on adult population. These findings are expected to inform policymakers in making decisions regarding an effective and equitable tax rate on SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matteo M Galizzi
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benny Chung Ying Zee
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Fung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Ka Chun Yung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eliza Lai Yi Wong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianying Yue
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yushan Wu
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kailu Wang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Fu Y, Araki Y, Saito S, Nishitani S, Nishimura N, Mochizuki S, Oda H. High sucrose diet-induced abnormal lipid metabolism in mice is related to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:491-500. [PMID: 39018242 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excess sucrose intake induces metabolic syndrome. In human, abnormal lipids metabolism like obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver are induced. However, excess sucrose causes different phenotypes in different species. Based on our previous study, excess sucrose induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia in rats. The phenotypes and mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in mice is unclear. We investigated the different phenotypes in 5 strains of mice and the relationship between gut microbiome and abnormal lipid metabolism in C57BL/6N mice. METHODS We examined the effect of a high sucrose diet in 5 different strains of mice. Besides, to find out the relationship between gut microbiome and metabolic disorder induced by excess sucrose, C57BL/6N mice were fed with a high sucrose diet with or without antibiotics cocktail. RESULTS A high sucrose diet induced obesity and fatty liver in inbred mice, whereas did not induce hyperlipidemia in all strains of mice. Moreover, a high sucrose diet changed the composition of gut microbiota in C57BL/6N mice. Antibiotics treatment alleviated the abnormal lipid metabolism induced by high sucrose diet by changing the composition of gut short chain fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS These results indicates that the phenotypes of metabolic syndrome are influenced by genetic factors. Furthermore, the dysbiosis of gut microbiome caused by excess sucrose may contribute to the development of abnormal lipid metabolism via its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Fu
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Araki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiori Saito
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiori Nishitani
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naomichi Nishimura
- Academic Institute, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Oda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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6
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Lara-Romero C, Romero-Gómez M. Treatment Options and Continuity of Care in Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e06. [PMID: 38983581 PMCID: PMC11231815 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The terms non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis have some limitations as they use exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. Recently, a study with content experts and patients has been set to change this nomenclature. The term chosen to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which avoids stigmatising and helps improve awareness and patient identification. MASLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease with an increasing prevalence, accounting for 25% of the global population. It is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome with lifestyle playing a fundamental role in its physiopathology. Diet change and physical activity are the cornerstones of treatment, encompassing weight loss and healthier behaviours and a holistic approach. In Europe, there is no approved drug for MASLD to date and there is a substantial unmet medical need for effective treatments for patients with MASLD. This review not only provides an update on advances in evidence for nutrition and physical activity interventions but also explores the different therapeutic options that are being investigated and whose development focuses on the restitution of metabolic derangements and halting inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lara-Romero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital Seville, Spain
- Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital Seville, Spain
- Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville Seville, Spain
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7
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Fauste E, Panadero MI, Pérez-Armas M, Donis C, López-Laiz P, Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Ramos-Álvarez MP, Otero P, Bocos C. Maternal fructose intake aggravates the harmful effects of a Western diet in rat male descendants impacting their cholesterol metabolism. Food Funct 2024; 15:6147-6163. [PMID: 38767501 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Scope: fructose consumption from added sugars correlates with the epidemic rise in MetS and CVD. Maternal fructose intake has been described to program metabolic diseases in progeny. However, consumption of fructose-containing beverages is allowed during gestation. Cholesterol is also a well-known risk factor for CVD. Therefore, it is essential to study Western diets which combine fructose and cholesterol and how maternal fructose can influence the response of progeny to these diets. Methods and results: a high-cholesterol (2%) diet combined with liquid fructose (10%), as a model of an unhealthy Western diet, was administered to descendants from control and fructose-fed mothers. Gene (mRNA and protein) expression and plasma, fecal and tissue parameters of cholesterol metabolism were measured. Interestingly, progeny from fructose-fed dams consumed less liquid fructose and cholesterol-rich chow than males from control mothers. Moreover, descendants of fructose-fed mothers fed a Western diet showed an increased cholesterol elimination through bile and feces than males from control mothers. Despite these mitigating circumstances to develop a proatherogenic profile, the same degree of hypercholesterolemia and severity of steatosis were observed in all descendants fed a Western diet, independently of maternal intake. An increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol, synthesis, esterification, and assembly into lipoprotein found in males from fructose-fed dams consuming a Western diet could be the cause. Moreover, an augmented GLP2 signalling seen in these animals would explain this enhanced lipid absorption. Conclusions: maternal fructose intake, through a fetal programming, makes a Western diet considerably more harmful in their descendants than in the offspring from control mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Pérez-Armas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Donis
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P López-Laiz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Sevillano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M G Sánchez-Alonso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M P Ramos-Álvarez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Zhu AQ, Luo N, Zhou XT, Yuan M, Zhang CM, Pan TL, Li KP. Transcriptomic insights into the lipotoxicity of high-fat high-fructose diet in rat and mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109626. [PMID: 38527560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of high-calorie diet are gradually recognized through more and more epidemiological studies. However, the concealed and chronic causality whitewashes its unhealthy character. Given an ingenious mechanism orchestrates the metabolic adaptation to high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet and connive its lipotoxicity, in this study, an experimental rat/mouse model of obesity was induced and a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to probe the mystery. Our results demonstrated that HFF diet consumption altered the transcriptomic pattern as well as different high-calorie diet fed rat/mouse manifested distinct hepatic transcriptome. Validation with RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that SREBP1-FASN involved in de novo lipogenesis partly mediated metabolic self-adaption. Moreover, hepatic ACSL1-CPT1A-CPT2 pathway involved in fatty acids β-oxidation, played a key role in the metabolic adaption to HFF. Collectively, our findings enrich the knowledge of the chronic adaptation mechanisms and also shed light on future investigations. Meanwhile, our results also suggest that efforts to restore the fatty acids metabolic fate could be a promising avenue to fight against obesity and associated steatosis and insulin resistance challenged by HFF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ling Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Distefano JK, Gerhard GS. Effects of dietary sugar restriction on hepatic fat in youth with obesity. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:439-448. [PMID: 37284808 PMCID: PMC11229704 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children. Like adults, children can develop the progressive form of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by hepatic inflammation, often in the presence of fibrosis. Children with NAFLD are at higher risk of liver-related complications, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Many factors contribute to the escalating prevalence of NAFLD in the pediatric population, among which are an array of dietary patterns such as overnutrition, poor diet quality, and heavy consumption of fat and sugar, including fructose. Findings from an increasing number of epidemiological studies support a connection between high habitual sugar consumption and NAFLD, especially within the context of obesity, but these studies are not able to demonstrate whether sugar is a contributing factor or instead an indicator of an overall poor diet (or lifestyle) quality. To date, only four randomized controlled dietary interventions assessing the effects of sucrose/fructose restriction on hepatic fat fraction in youth with obesity have been published. The objectives of this review are to summarize the key findings from these dietary interventions to achieve a better understanding of the strength of the relationship between dietary sugar restriction and liver fat reduction, despite their inherent limitations, and to discuss the potential impact of weight loss and fat mass reduction on improvement in hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Distefano
- Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA -
| | - Glenn S Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Cook NE, McGovern MR, Zaman T, Lundin PM, Vaughan RA. Fructose Reduces Mitochondrial Metabolism and Increases Extracellular BCAA during Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1582. [PMID: 38892515 PMCID: PMC11174010 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a commonly consumed monosaccharide implicated in developing several metabolic diseases. Previously, elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been correlated with the severity of insulin resistance. Most recently, the effect of fructose consumption on the downregulation of BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed. Thus, this mechanistic study investigated the effects of physiologically attainable levels of fructose, both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, in a myotube model of skeletal muscle. METHODS C2C12 mouse myoblasts were treated with fructose at a concentration of 100 µM (which approximates physiologically attainable concentrations in peripheral circulation) both with and without hyperinsulinemic-mediated insulin resistance. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, and protein expression was assessed by Western blot. Oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were used to assess mitochondrial oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze leucine, isoleucine and valine concentration values. RESULTS Fructose significantly reduced peak glycolytic and peak mitochondrial metabolism without altering related gene or protein expression. Similarly, no effect of fructose on BCAA catabolic enzymes was observed; however, fructose treatment resulted in elevated total extracellular BCAA in insulin-resistant cells. DISCUSSION Collectively, these observations demonstrate that fructose at physiologically attainable levels does not appear to alter insulin sensitivity or BCAA catabolic potential in cultured myotubes. However, fructose may depress peak cell metabolism and BCAA utilization during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. Cook
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Macey R. McGovern
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Toheed Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Pamela M. Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (T.Z.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (N.E.C.); (M.R.M.)
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11
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Portincasa P, Khalil M, Mahdi L, Perniola V, Idone V, Graziani A, Baffy G, Di Ciaula A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5640. [PMID: 38891828 PMCID: PMC11172019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) to "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and, finally, "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut-liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD/MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Laura Mahdi
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Perniola
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Idone
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
- Aboca S.p.a. Società Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
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12
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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Axarloglou E, Delilampou E, Miliaras D, Meditskou S, Manthou ME. The Impact of Lifestyle on the Secondary Sex Ratio: A Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38929646 PMCID: PMC11205111 DOI: 10.3390/life14060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The secondary sex ratio (SSR), indicating the ratio of male to female live births, has garnered considerable attention within the realms of reproductive biology and public health. Numerous factors have been posited as potential trendsetters of the SSR. Given the extensive research on the impact of daily behaviors and habits on individuals' reproductive health, there is a plausible suggestion that lifestyle choices may also influence the SSR. By synthesizing the existing literature on the current research field, this comprehensive review indicates that an elevated SSR has been associated with an increased intake of fatty acids and monosaccharides, proper nutrition, higher educational levels, financial prosperity, and favorable housing conditions. On the other hand, a decreased SSR may be linked to undernutrition, socioeconomic disparities, and psychological distress, aligning with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. Occupational factors, smoking habits, and cultural beliefs could also contribute to trends in the SSR. Our review underscores the significance of considering the aforementioned factors in studies examining the SSR and emphasizes the necessity for further research to unravel the mechanisms underpinning these connections. A more profound comprehension of SSR alterations due to lifestyle holds the potential to adequately develop public health interventions and healthcare strategies to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (P.T.); (E.A.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
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13
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Iqbal A, Hafeez Kamran S, Siddique F, Ishtiaq S, Hameed M, Manzoor M. Modulatory effects of rutin and vitamin A on hyperglycemia induced glycation, oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat-fructose diet animal model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303060. [PMID: 38723008 PMCID: PMC11081234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study we investigated the impact of combination of rutin and vitamin A on glycated products, the glyoxalase system, oxidative markers, and inflammation in animals fed a high-fat high-fructose (HFFD) diet. Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5). The treatments, metformin (120 mg/kg), rutin (100 mg/kg), vitamin A (43 IU/kg), and a combination of rutin (100 mg/kg) and vitamin A (43 IU/kg) were given to relevant groups of rats along with high-fructose high-fat diet for 42 days. HbA1c, D-lactate, Glyoxylase-1, Hexokinase 2, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), nuclear transcription factor-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and histological examinations were performed after 42 days. The docking simulations were conducted using Auto Dock package. The combined effects of rutin and vitamin A in treated rats significantly (p < 0.001) reduced HbA1c, hexokinase 2, and D-lactate levels while preventing cellular damage. The combination dramatically (p < 0.001) decreased MDA, CAT, and GPx in treated rats and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 andIL-8, as well as the transcription factor NF-κB. The molecular docking investigations revealed that rutin had a strong affinity for several important biomolecules, including as NF-κB, Catalase, MDA, IL-6, hexokinase 2, and GPx. The results propose beneficial impact of rutin and vitamin A as a convincing treatment strategy to treat AGE-related disorders, such as diabetes, autism, alzheimer's, atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Iqbal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mobina Manzoor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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14
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Aizenshtadt A, Wang C, Abadpour S, Menezes PD, Wilhelmsen I, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Stokowiec J, Golovin A, Johnsen M, Combriat TMD, Røberg-Larsen H, Gadegaard N, Scholz H, Busek M, Krauss SJK. Pump-Less, Recirculating Organ-on-Chip (rOoC) Platform to Model the Metabolic Crosstalk between Islets and Liver. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303785. [PMID: 38221504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are epidemiologically correlated disorders with a worldwide growing prevalence. While the mechanisms leading to the onset and development of these conditions are not fully understood, predictive tissue representations for studying the coordinated interactions between central organs that regulate energy metabolism, particularly the liver and pancreatic islets, are needed. Here, a dual pump-less recirculating organ-on-chip platform that combines human pluripotent stem cell (sc)-derived sc-liver and sc-islet organoids is presented. The platform reproduces key aspects of the metabolic cross-talk between both organs, including glucose levels and selected hormones, and supports the viability and functionality of both sc-islet and sc-liver organoids while preserving a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a model of metabolic disruption in response to treatment with high lipids and fructose, sc-liver organoids exhibit hallmarks of steatosis and insulin resistance, while sc-islets produce pro-inflammatory cytokines on-chip. Finally, the platform reproduces known effects of anti-diabetic drugs on-chip. Taken together, the platform provides a basis for functional studies of obesity, T2DM, and MASLD on-chip, as well as for testing potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Chencheng Wang
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro Duarte Menezes
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Ingrid Wilhelmsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao-Fernandez
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1083, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Alexey Golovin
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Mads Johnsen
- Section for Chemical Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Thomas M D Combriat
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
| | - Hanne Røberg-Larsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Section for Chemical Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation Medicine, Experimental Cell Transplantation Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Mathias Busek
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Stefan J K Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Oslo, 0424, Norway
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15
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Tero-Vescan A, Ștefănescu R, Istrate TI, Pușcaș A. Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia - protection factor or oxidative stress promoter? Nat Prod Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38522076 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2327624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fructose may play a role in the hyperuricaemia development, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Hyperuricaemia is characterised by excessive production and deposition of urate crystals, and the metabolism of fructose has been implicated in the elevation of serum urate levels. The association between fructose intake and the risk of hyperuricaemia is explained by the metabolism of fructose in the liver, small intestine, and kidney. Many studies have confirmed the correlation between fructose consumption and an increased risk of developing hyperuricaemia, but more prospective studies to fully elucidate the role of fructose intake in the pathogenesis of hyperuricaemia are needed. It is important to note that maintaining a balanced diet, and lifestyle is crucial when considering fructose intake. Limiting the consumption of products high in added sugars and maintaining a healthy weight can contribute to reducing the risk of hyperuricaemia and associated health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruxandra Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Tudor-Ionuț Istrate
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of the Environmental Factors Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
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16
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Hargett S, Lahiri S, Kowalski GM, Corley S, Nelson ME, Lackner C, Olzomer EM, Aleksovska I, Hearn BA, Shrestha R, Janitz M, Gorrell MD, Bruce CR, Wilkins M, Hoehn KL, Byrne FL. Bile acids mediate fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167029. [PMID: 38325224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
High fructose diets are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Previous studies in mice suggest increased lipogenesis is a key mechanism linking high fructose diets to liver tumour growth. However, these studies administered fructose to mice at supraphysiological levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver tumour growth and lipogenesis were altered in mice fed fructose at physiological levels. To test this, we injected male C57BL/6 mice with the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine and then fed them diets without fructose or fructose ranging from 10 to 20 % total calories. Results showed mice fed diets with ≥15 % fructose had significantly increased liver tumour numbers (2-4-fold) and total tumour burden (∼7-fold) vs mice fed no-fructose diets. However, fructose-associated tumour burden was not associated with lipogenesis. Conversely, unbiased metabolomic analyses revealed bile acids were elevated in the sera of mice fed a 15 % fructose diet vs mice fed a no-fructose diet. Using a syngeneic ectopic liver tumour model, we show that ursodeoxycholic acid, which decreases systemic bile acids, significantly reduced liver tumour growth in mice fed the 15 % fructose diet but not mice fed a no-fructose diet. These results point to a novel role for systemic bile acids in mediating liver tumour growth associated with a high fructose diet. Overall, our study shows fructose intake at or above normal human consumption (≥15 %) is associated with increased liver tumour numbers and growth and that modulating systemic bile acids inhibits fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brandon A Hearn
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Marc Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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17
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Kopec M, Beton-Mysur K. The role of glucose and fructose on lipid droplet metabolism in human normal bronchial and cancer lung cells by Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 259:105375. [PMID: 38159659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fructose is one of the most important monosaccharides in the human diet that the human body needs for proper metabolism. This paper presents an approach to study biochemical changes caused by sugars in human normal bronchial cells (BEpiC) and human cancer lung cells (A549) by Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging. Results after supplementation of human bronchial and lung cells with fructose are also discussed and compared with results obtained for pure human bronchial and lung cells. Based on Raman techniques we have proved that peaks at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1444 cm-1, 1584 cm-1 and 2845 cm-1 can be treated as biomarkers to monitor fructose changes in cells. Results for fructose have been compared with results for glucose. Raman analysis of the bands at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1584 cm-1 and 2845 cm-1 for pure BEpiC and A549 cells and BEpiC and A549 after supplementation with fructose and glucose are higher after supplementation with fructose in comparison to glucose. The obtained results shed light on the uninvestigated influence of glucose and fructose on lipid droplet metabolism by Raman spectroscopy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopec
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Del Pozo Iribarren R, Mardones L, Villagrán M, Muñoz K, Troncoso L, Mellado M, Muñoz M. Effect of various dietary fructose concentrations on the gallstone formation process in mice. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:194-201. [PMID: 37705438 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: little information is availaible on the effect of fructose on bile lipids. The first stage in the formation of gallstones corresponds to biliary cholesterol crystallization, derived from the vesicular transporters. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of consuming diets with different fructose concentrations on serum lipids and their implications on gallstones formation. Methods: BALB/c mice divided into a control group as well as groups were treated with different fructose concentrations (10 %, 30 %, 50 % or 70 %) for different periods (1, 2 or 5 months). Blood, liver and bile samples were obtained. In bile samples, cholesterol and phospholipids levels were analyzed, and cholesterol transporters (vesicles and micelles) were separated by gel filtration chromatography. Results: treated animals showed: 1) increases in body weight similar to the control group; 2) a significant increase in plasma triglycerides only at very high fructose concentrations; 3) a significant increase in total serum cholesterol in the treatment for 1 month; 4) no variations in HDL-cholesterol; 5) a significant increase in serum glucose only at very high fructose concentrations in the second month of treatment; 6) no differences in the plasma alanine-aminotransferase activity; 7) a significant increase in liver triglyceride levels only at very high fructose concentrations; 8) no change in biliary lipid concentrations or in micellar and vesicular phospholipids. Conclusion: changes in plasma, liver and bile lipids were only observed at very high fructose concentrations diets. We conclude that fructose apparently does not alter the gallstone formation process in our experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Marcelo Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Katia Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Luciano Troncoso
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Maximiliano Mellado
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Mirna Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
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19
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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20
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Vakili O, Mafi A, Pourfarzam M. Liver Disorders Caused by Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:194-207. [PMID: 37357514 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230623120935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a vast array of inherited/congenital disorders, affecting a wide variety of metabolic pathways and/or biochemical processes inside the cells. Although IEMs are usually rare, they can be represented as serious health problems. During the neonatal period, these inherited defects can give rise to almost all key signs of liver malfunction, including jaundice, coagulopathy, hepato- and splenomegaly, ascites, etc. Since the liver is a vital organ with multiple synthetic, metabolic, and excretory functions, IEM-related hepatic dysfunction could seriously be considered life-threatening. In this context, the identification of those hepatic manifestations and their associated characteristics may promote the differential diagnosis of IEMs immediately after birth, making therapeutic strategies more successful in preventing the occurrence of subsequent events. Among all possible liver defects caused by IEMs, cholestatic jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver failure have been shown to be manifested more frequently. Therefore, the current study aims to review substantial IEMs that mostly result in the aforementioned hepatic disorders, relying on clinical principles, especially through the first years of life. In this article, a group of uncommon hepatic manifestations linked to IEMs is also discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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21
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Tang Y, Ou G, Rang O, Liu X, Liu X, Qin X, Li G, Yang Q, Wang M. Widely targeted quantitative lipidomics reveal lipid remodeling in adipose tissue after long term of the combined exposure to bisphenol A and fructose. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241232609. [PMID: 38320548 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241232609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the main organ that stores lipids and it plays important roles in metabolic balance in the body. We recently reported in Human and Experimental Toxicology that the combined exposure to BPA and fructose may interfere with energy metabolism of adipose tissue. However, it is still unclear whether the combined exposure to BPA and fructose has the possibility to induce lipid remodeling in adipose tissue. In the present study, we performed a widely targeted quantitative lipidomic analysis of the adipose tissue of rats after 6 months of BPA and fructose combined exposure. We totally determined 734 lipid molecules in the adipose tissue of rats. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the group of the combined exposure to higher-dose (25 μg/kg every other day) BPA and fructose can be distinguished from the groups of control, higher-dose BPA exposure and fructose exposure clearly. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and univariate statistical analysis displayed lipids of PC(18:0_ 20:3), TG(8:0_14:0_16:0), TG(12:0_14:0_16:1), TG(10:0_16:0_16:1), TG(12:0_ 14:0_18:1), TG(14:0_ 16:0_16:1), TG(14:0_14:1_16:1), TG(8:0_ 16:1_16:2), TG(14:1_16:1_ 16:1), TG(16:1_18:1_18:1), TG(16:0_16:1_20:4) and TG(15:0_18:1_ 24:1) may contributed the most to the discrimination. These findings indicated that combined exposure to BPA and fructose has the potential to cause lipid remodeling in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Tang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guifang Ou
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ouyan Rang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinru Qin
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guojuan Li
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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22
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Kueck PJ, Morris JK, Stanford JA. Current Perspectives: Obesity and Neurodegeneration - Links and Risks. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:111-129. [PMID: 38196559 PMCID: PMC10774290 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s388579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all age groups. Long-term obesity can lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through its effects on adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue. Pathological mechanisms associated with obesity include immune response and inflammation as well as oxidative stress and consequent endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence links obesity to diminished brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Both AD and PD are associated with insulin resistance, an underlying syndrome of obesity. Despite these links, causative mechanism(s) resulting in neurodegenerative disease remain unclear. This review discusses relationships between obesity, AD, and PD, including clinical and preclinical findings. The review then briefly explores nonpharmacological directions for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kueck
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John A Stanford
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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23
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Osborne M, Bernard A, Falkowski E, Peterson D, Vavilikolanu A, Komnenov D. Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Fructose, Sodium, and Potassium and Psychological Stress with Vascular Aging Index and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the CARDIA Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 16:127. [PMID: 38201956 PMCID: PMC10780647 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored how dietary behaviors (sucrose, fructose, sodium, and potassium consumption) and endured psychological stress in young adult males and females impact the vascular aging index (VAI) and CVD risk by mid-life. Data were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, an ongoing longitudinal study. The included participants (n = 2656) had undergone carotid artery ultrasound at year 20 allowing VAIs to be calculated. Demographics, dietary data, and depression scores were obtained at baseline and year 20 of follow-up. Regression analyses were used to assess the predictors of VAI. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Predictors of vascular aging were found to be sex-specific. In females, depression scores at baseline were positively associated with VAI (B-weight = 0.063, p = 0.015). In males, sodium intake at year 20 positively predicted VAI (B-weight = 0.145, p = 0.003) and potassium intake inversely predicted VAI (B-weight = -0.160, p < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted CVD, stroke, and death. Fructose consumption at year 20 was a significant predictor of CVD risk while having high blood pressure at baseline was significantly associated with stroke risk. Our findings support the promotion of nutrient-specific behavior changes to prevent vascular aging in early adulthood and CVD risk in mid-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Osborne
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexa Bernard
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Emily Falkowski
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Deni Peterson
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Anusha Vavilikolanu
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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24
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Rang O, Qin X, Tang Y, Cao L, Li G, Liu X, Zhong J, Wang M. The effect of fructose exposure on amino acid metabolism among Chinese community residents and its possible multi-omics mechanisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22704. [PMID: 38123624 PMCID: PMC10733306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fructose has increased dramaticly during the last few decades, inducing a great increase in the risk of intrahepatic lipid accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and cancer. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Amino acid metabolism may play an important role in the process of the diseases caused by fructose, but there is still a lack of corresponding evidence. In present study, we provide an evidence of how fructose affects amino acids metabolism in 1895 ordinary residents in Chinese community using UPLC-QqQMS based amino acid targeted metabolomics and the underlying mechanism of fructose exposure how interferes with amino acid metabolism related genes and acetylated modification of proteome in the liver of rats model. We found people with high fructose exposure had higher levels of Asa, EtN, Asp, and Glu, and lower levels of 1MHis, PEtN, Arg, Gln, GABA, Aad, Hyl and Cys. The further mechanism study displayed amino acid metabolic genes of Aspa, Cndp1, Dbt, Dmgdh, and toxic metabolites such as N-acetylethanolamines accumulation, interference of urea cycle, as well as acetylated modification of key enzymes in glutamine metabolic network and glutamine derived NEAAs synthesis pathway in liver may play important roles in fructose caused reprogramming in amino acid metabolism. This research provides novel insights of the mechanism of amino acid metabolic disorder caused by fructose and supplies new targets for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyan Rang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Qin
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Tang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cao
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojuan Li
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Yuan K. The effect of diet and nutrition on T cell function in cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1954-1966. [PMID: 37504380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer can be considered one of the most threatening diseases to human health, and immunotherapy, especially T-cell immunotherapy, is the most promising treatment for cancers. Diet therapy is widely concerned in cancer because of its safety and fewer side effects. Many studies have shown that both the function of T cells and the progression of cancer can be affected by nutrients in the diet. In fact, it is challenging for T cells to infiltrate and eliminate cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, because of the harsh metabolic condition. The intake of different nutrients has a great influence on the proliferation, activation, differentiation and exhaustion of T cells. In this review, we summarize the effects of typical amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and other nutritional factors on T cell functions and provide future perspectives for dietary treatment of cancer based on modifications of T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Aimaretti E, Chimienti G, Rubeo C, Di Lorenzo R, Trisolini L, Dal Bello F, Moradi A, Collino M, Lezza AMS, Aragno M, Pesce V. Different Effects of High-Fat/High-Sucrose and High-Fructose Diets on Advanced Glycation End-Product Accumulation and on Mitochondrial Involvement in Heart and Skeletal Muscle in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4874. [PMID: 38068732 PMCID: PMC10708161 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets with an elevated content of fat, sucrose, or fructose are recognized models of diet-induced metabolic alterations, since they induce metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation associated with local and systemic accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This study used four-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, randomly assigned to three experimental dietary regimens: standard diet (SD), high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS), or high fructose diet (HFr), administered for 12 weeks. Plasma, heart, and tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle were assayed for markers of metabolic conditions, inflammation, presence of AGEs, and mitochondrial involvement. The HFHS diet induced a tissue-specific differential response featuring (1) a remarkable adaptation of the heart to HFHS-induced heavy oxidative stress, demonstrated by an increased presence of AGEs and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, and efficaciously counteracted by a conspicuous increase in mitochondrial fission and PRXIII expression; (2) the absence of TA adaptation to HFHS, revealed by a heavy reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis, not counteracted by an increase in fission and PRXIII expression. HFr-induced mild oxidative stress elicited tissue-specific responses, featuring (1) a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart, likely counteracted by a tendency for increased fission and (2) a mild reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis in TA, likely counteracted by a tendency for increased fusion, showing the adaptability of both tissues to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aimaretti
- Unit of Experimental Medicine & Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Guglielmina Chimienti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Chiara Rubeo
- Unit of Experimental Medicine & Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Rosa Di Lorenzo
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Lucia Trisolini
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Atefeh Moradi
- Unit of Experimental Medicine & Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Unit of Experimental Medicine & Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (R.D.L.)
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27
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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28
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de María Márquez Álvarez C, Gómez-Crisóstomo NP, De la Cruz-Hernández EN, Zazueta C, Aguilar-Gamas CF, Martínez-Abundis E. Differential disruption on glucose and insulin metabolism in two rat models of diet-induced obesity, based on carbohydrates or lipids. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2481-2488. [PMID: 36867342 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a relevant health public issue and is the main factor for glucose metabolism dysregulation and diabetes progression; however, the differential role of a high-fat diet or high sugar diet consumption on glucose metabolism and insulin processing is not well understood and has been scarcely described. Our research aimed to analyze the effects of chronic consumption of both high sucrose and high-fat diets on glucose and insulin metabolism regulation. Wistar rats were fed with high-sugar or high-fat diets for 12 months; after that, fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured along with a glucose tolerance test (GTT). Proteins related to insulin synthesis and secretion were quantified in pancreas homogenates, whereas islets were isolated to analyze ROS generation and size measurement. Our results show that both diets induce metabolic syndrome, linked with central obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. We observed alterations in the expression of proteins related with insulin synthesis and secretion, along with diminution of Langerhans islets size. Interestingly, the severity and number of alterations were more evident in the high-sugar diet than in the high-fat diet group. In conclusion, obesity and glucose metabolism dysregulation induced by carbohydrate consumption, led to worst outcomes than high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México
| | - Nancy Patricia Gómez-Crisóstomo
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México
| | - Erick Natividad De la Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I. Ch. 14080, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Francisco Aguilar-Gamas
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México.
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Zhang D, Wang H, Liu A, Wang S, Xu C, Lan K, Xiang W, Zhu K, Xiao Y, Fu J, Jiang R, Chen W, Ni Y. The chronic consumption of dietary fructose promotes the gut Clostridium species imbalance and bile acid alterations in developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 121:109434. [PMID: 37661068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake is associated with the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The gut microbiome (GM) and bile acids (BAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but the impact of fructose on their cross-talk is unclear. In this study, adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet with tap water (ND) or with 4% fructose in the drinking water (Fru), 60% high-fat diet with tap water (HF) or with 4% fructose solution (HFF) for 12 weeks. Targeted BA analysis was performed in five anatomical sites including the liver, ileum contents, portal serum, cecum contents, and feces. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to explore gut dysbiosis. Within 12 weeks, the 4% fructose diet could initially stimulate gut dysbiosis and BA upregulation in the ileum, portal serum, and cecum when the intestinal and hepatic transport system remained stable without hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the chronic consumption of fructose promoted HF-induced NAFLD, with significantly increased body weight, impaired glucose tolerance, and advanced liver steatosis. BA transporters were inhibited in HFF, causing the block of internal BA circulation and increased BA secretion via cecum contents and feces. Notably, lithocholic acid (LCA) and its taurine conjugates were elevated within the enterohepatic circulation. Meanwhile, the Clostridium species were significantly altered in both Fru and HFF groups and were closely associated with fructose and BA metabolism. In summary, excessive fructose caused gut dysbiosis and BA alterations, promoting HF-induced NAFLD. The crosstalk between Clostridium sp. and LCA species were potential targets in fructose-mediated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ana Liu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuifang Xu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqing Xiang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Song A, Mao Y, Wei H. GLUT5: structure, functions, diseases and potential applications. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1519-1538. [PMID: 37674366 PMCID: PMC10582729 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is a membrane transporter that specifically transports fructose and plays a key role in dietary fructose uptake and metabolism. In recent years, a high fructose diet has occupied an important position in the daily intake of human beings, resulting in a significant increase in the incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Over the past few decades, GLUT5 has been well understood to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of human digestive diseases. Recently, the role of GLUT5 in human cancer has received widespread attention, and a large number of studies have focused on exploring the effects of changes in GLUT5 expression levels on cancer cell survival, metabolism and metastasis. However, due to various difficulties and shortcomings, the molecular structure and mechanism of GLUT5 have not been fully elucidated, which to some extent prevents us from revealing the relationship between GLUT5 expression and cell carcinogenesis at the protein molecular level. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of mammalian GLUT5 and its relationship to intestinal diseases and cancer and suggest that GLUT5 may be an important target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqian Song
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100015China
| | - Yuanpeng Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijing100015China
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100015China
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijing100015China
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31
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Lee JY, Stevens RP, Pastukh VV, Pastukh VM, Kozhukhar N, Alexeyev MF, Reisz JA, Nerguizian D, D’Alessandro A, Koloteva A, Gwin MS, Roberts JT, Borchert GM, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Graham BB, Stenmark KR, Stevens T. PFKFB3 Inhibits Fructose Metabolism in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:340-354. [PMID: 37201952 PMCID: PMC10503305 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0443oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells contribute to the integrity of the lung gas exchange interface, and they are highly glycolytic. Although glucose and fructose represent discrete substrates available for glycolysis, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells prefer glucose over fructose, and the mechanisms involved in this selection are unknown. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is an important glycolytic enzyme that drives glycolytic flux against negative feedback and links glycolytic and fructolytic pathways. We hypothesized that PFKFB3 inhibits fructose metabolism in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. We found that PFKFB3 knockout cells survive better than wild-type cells in fructose-rich medium under hypoxia. Seahorse assays, lactate and glucose measurements, and stable isotope tracing showed that PFKFB3 inhibits fructose-hexokinase-mediated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Microarray analysis revealed that fructose upregulates PFKFB3, and PFKFB3 knockout cells increase fructose-specific GLUT5 (glucose transporter 5) expression. Using conditional endothelial-specific PFKFB3 knockout mice, we demonstrated that endothelial PFKFB3 knockout increases lung tissue lactate production after fructose gavage. Last, we showed that pneumonia increases fructose in BAL fluid in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Thus, PFKFB3 knockout increases GLUT5 expression and the hexokinase-mediated fructose use in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells that promotes their survival. Our findings indicate that PFKFB3 is a molecular switch that controls glucose versus fructose use in glycolysis and help better understand lung endothelial cell metabolism during respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Reece P. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktoriya V. Pastukh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktor M. Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Natalya Kozhukhar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mikhail F. Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | | | | | | | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Meredith S. Gwin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Justin T. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Glen M. Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jean-François Pittet
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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32
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Li Y, Liu X, Chu Y, Li C, Gao T, Jiang X, Zhu Z, Sheng Q, Han L. Effect of high-fructose consumption in pregnancy on the bone growth of offspring rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203063. [PMID: 37662593 PMCID: PMC10469680 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that bone health is programmed in early life. Maternal diet may influence the skeletal development of offspring. We aimed to determine the possible effects of high-fructose intake during pregnancy on different aspects of long bone morphology in the offspring of rats and to initially explore the possible mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intragastrically administered the same dose of distilled water (CON, n = 12), 20 g/kg/day glucose (GLU, n = 12), 10 g/kg/day fructose (LFRU, n = 12), or 20 g/kg/day fructose (HFRU, n = 12) for 21 days during gestation. Computed tomography was used to analyze the cortical and cancellous bones of the distal femur of the offspring rats, and circulating bone metabolic biomarkers were measured using enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that high-fructose intake during pregnancy could decrease body weight, impair glucose metabolism, and increase serum leptin and uric acid in offspring. The offspring in the HFRU group had higher levels of the N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and the C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). The bone mean density (BMD), the total cross-sectional area inside the periosteal envelope (Tt.Ar), cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), medullary (or marrow) area (Ma.Ar), and trabecular mean density of the offspring in the HFRU group were lower than those in the CON group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap) staining showed that high-fructose intake during pregnancy could increase the number of osteoclasts and increase the absorption area. Our results suggested that excessive fructose intake during pregnancy could inhibit skeletal development in offspring. Thus, attention to fructose intake during pregnancy is important for bone development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Li
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuning Chu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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33
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Sakr HF, Sirasanagandla SR, Das S, Bima AI, Elsamanoudy AZ. Insulin Resistance and Hypertension: Mechanisms Involved and Modifying Factors for Effective Glucose Control. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2271. [PMID: 37626767 PMCID: PMC10452601 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors such as aging, an unhealthy lifestyle with decreased physical activity, snacking, a standard Western diet, and smoking contribute to raising blood pressure to a dangerous level, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Atherosclerosis, or aging of the blood vessels, is a physiological process that has accelerated in the last decades by the overconsumption of carbohydrates as the primary sources of caloric intake, resulting in increased triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol and insulin spikes. Classically, medications ranging from beta blockers to angiotensin II blockers and even calcium channel blockers were used alone or in combination with lifestyle modifications as management tools in modern medicine to control arterial blood pressure. However, it is not easy to control blood pressure or the associated complications. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet can reduce glucose and insulin spikes, improve insulin sensitivity, and lessen atherosclerosis risk factors. We reviewed articles describing the etiology of insulin resistance (IR) and its impact on arterial blood pressure from databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. We discuss how the LCHF diet is beneficial to maintaining arterial blood pressure at normal levels, slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis, and reducing the use of antihypertensive medications. The mechanisms involved in IR associated with hypertension are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Abdulhadi I. Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.B.); (A.Z.E.)
| | - Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.B.); (A.Z.E.)
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34
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Cargnin-Carvalho A, da Silva MR, Costa AB, Engel NA, Farias BX, Bressan JB, Backes KM, de Souza F, da Rosa N, de Oliveira Junior AN, Goldim MPDS, Correa MEAB, Venturini LM, Fortunato JJ, Prophiro JS, Petronilho F, Silveira PCL, Ferreira GK, Rezin GT. High concentrations of fructose cause brain damage in mice. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:313-325. [PMID: 36947832 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption is associated with the incidence of obesity and systemic inflammation, resulting in increased oxidative damage and failure to the function of brain structures. Thus, we hypothesized that fructose consumption will significantly increase inflammation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the mouse brain and, consequently, memory damage. The effects of different fructose concentrations on inflammatory and biochemical parameters in the mouse brain were evaluated. Male Swiss mice were randomized into four groups: control, with exclusive water intake, 5%, 10%, and 20% fructose group. The 10% and 20% fructose groups showed an increase in epididymal fat, in addition to higher food consumption. Inflammatory markers were increased in epididymal fat and in some brain structures. In the evaluation of oxidative damage, it was possible to observe significant increases in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. In the epididymal fat and in the prefrontal cortex, there was a decrease in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and an increase in the striatum. Furthermore, short memory was impaired in the 10% and 20% groups but not long memory. In conclusion, excess fructose consumption can cause fat accumulation, inflammation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which can damage brain structures and consequently memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Cargnin-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Costa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bianca Xavier Farias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joice Benedet Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kassiane Mathiola Backes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Francielly de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aloir Neri de Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia Milanez Venturini
- Laboratory of Experimental Phisiopatology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jucélia Jeremias Fortunato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Josiane Somariva Prophiro
- Immunoparasitology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Phisiopatology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health ScienceUniversidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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35
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Wali JA, Ni D, Facey HJW, Dodgson T, Pulpitel TJ, Senior AM, Raubenheimer D, Macia L, Simpson SJ. Determining the metabolic effects of dietary fat, sugars and fat-sugar interaction using nutritional geometry in a dietary challenge study with male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4409. [PMID: 37479702 PMCID: PMC10362033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects of sugars and fat lie at the heart of the "carbohydrate vs fat" debate on the global obesity epidemic. Here, we use nutritional geometry to systematically investigate the interaction between dietary fat and the major monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, and their impact on body composition and metabolic health. Male mice (n = 245) are maintained on one of 18 isocaloric diets for 18-19 weeks and their metabolic status is assessed through in vivo procedures and by in vitro assays involving harvested tissue samples. We find that in the setting of low and medium dietary fat content, a 50:50 mixture of fructose and glucose (similar to high-fructose corn syrup) is more obesogenic and metabolically adverse than when either monosaccharide is consumed alone. With increasing dietary fat content, the effects of dietary sugar composition on metabolic status become less pronounced. Moreover, higher fat intake is more harmful for glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity irrespective of the sugar mix consumed. The type of fat consumed (soy oil vs lard) does not modify these outcomes. Our work shows that both dietary fat and sugars can lead to adverse metabolic outcomes, depending on the dietary context. This study shows how the principles of the two seemingly conflicting models of obesity (the "energy balance model" and the "carbohydrate insulin model") can be valid, and it will help in progressing towards a unified model of obesity. The main limitations of this study include the use of male mice of a single strain, and not testing the metabolic effects of fructose intake via sugary drinks, which are strongly linked to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison J W Facey
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Dodgson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara J Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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36
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Moorkens K, Leroy JLMR, Quanico J, Baggerman G, Marei WFA. How the Oviduct Lipidomic Profile Changes over Time after the Start of an Obesogenic Diet in an Outbred Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37508445 PMCID: PMC10376370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet alters the lipidomic profile of the oviductal epithelium (OE) and studied the patterns of these changes over time. Female outbred Swiss mice were fed either a control (10% fat) or HF/HS (60% fat, 20% fructose) diet. Mice (n = 3 per treatment per time point) were sacrificed and oviducts were collected at 3 days and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks on the diet. Lipids in the OE were imaged using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Discriminative m/z values and differentially regulated lipids were determined in the HF/HS versus control OEs at each time point. Feeding the obesogenic diet resulted in acute changes in the lipid profile in the OE already after 3 days, and thus even before the development of an obese phenotype. The changes in the lipid profile of the OE progressively increased and became more persistent after long-term HF/HS diet feeding. Functional annotation revealed a differential abundance of phospholipids, sphingomyelins and lysophospholipids in particular. These alterations appear to be not only caused by the direct accumulation of the excess circulating dietary fat but also a reduction in the de novo synthesis of several lipid classes, due to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. The described diet-induced lipidomic changes suggest alterations in the OE functions and the oviductal microenvironment which may impact crucial reproductive events that take place in the oviduct, such as fertilization and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerlijne Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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37
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Shao Y, Chen S, Han L, Liu J. Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: updated opportunities based on metabolic intervention. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37415199 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of pharmacotherapeutic strategies approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which results in a higher risk of death related to carcinoma and cardiovascular complications. Of note, it is well established that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is tightly associated with whole metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting interconnected metabolic conditions could present promising benefits to NAFLD, according to a number of clinical studies. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of the development of NAFLD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal metabolism, and provide insight into pharmacological targets. In addition, we present updates on the progresses in the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies based on metabolic intervention globally, which could lead to new opportunities for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Wada N, Abe N, Miyauchi K, Makino S, Kakizaki H. High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet Leads to Skeletal Muscle Loss and Bladder Dysfunction in Rat. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:305-313. [PMID: 37425652 PMCID: PMC10327923 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s406808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated skeletal muscle loss and bladder dysfunction caused by high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet. Methods Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were fed on normal (Group N) or HFS (Group HFS) diet for 12 weeks. We conducted urodynamic investigation and pharmacologic in vitro. In addition, we measured gastrocnemius and tibialis muscle weight and protein concentration. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the bladder were assayed. Results The urodynamic investigations revealed the significantly shorter intercontraction intervals and lower maximal voiding pressure in Group HFS than in Group N. Furthermore, the absolute and relative weights of the gastrocnemius muscle were found to be significantly lower in Group HFS than in Group N. The protein concentration of the gastrocnemius muscle was also significantly lower in Group HFS than in Group N. The absolute and relative weights of the bladder were also significantly lower in Group HFS than in Group N. The contractile responses of the bladder strips to electrical field stimulation and carbachol were significantly lower in Group HFS than in Group N. The HIF1α and 8OHdG in the bladder muscle were significantly higher in Group HFS than in Group N. The HFS diet reduced bladder capacity and contractility along with the loss of the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion HFS diet promotes bladder dysfunction similar to detrusor hyperreflexia with impaired contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Wada
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Abe
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kotona Miyauchi
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Makino
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kakizaki
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Hendriks AD, Veltien A, Voogt IJ, Heerschap A, Scheenen TWJ, Prompers JJ. Glucose versus fructose metabolism in the liver measured with deuterium metabolic imaging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198578. [PMID: 37465695 PMCID: PMC10351417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intake of high amounts of fructose has been linked to the development of metabolic disorders, which has been attributed to the almost complete clearance of fructose by the liver. However, direct measurement of hepatic fructose uptake is complicated by the fact that the portal vein is difficult to access. Here we present a new, non-invasive method to measure hepatic fructose uptake and metabolism with the use of deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) upon administration of [6,6'-2H2]fructose. Using both [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose, we determined differences in the uptake and metabolism of glucose and fructose in the mouse liver with dynamic DMI. The deuterated compounds were administered either by fast intravenous (IV) bolus injection or by slow IV infusion. Directly after IV bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]fructose, a more than two-fold higher initial uptake and subsequent 2.5-fold faster decay of fructose was observed in the mouse liver as compared to that of glucose after bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]glucose. In contrast, after slow IV infusion of fructose, the 2H fructose/glucose signal maximum in liver spectra was lower compared to the 2H glucose signal maximum after slow infusion of glucose. With both bolus injection and slow infusion protocols, deuterium labeling of water was faster with fructose than with glucose. These observations are in line with a higher extraction and faster turnover of fructose in the liver, as compared with glucose. DMI with [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose could potentially contribute to a better understanding of healthy human liver metabolism and aberrations in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan D. Hendriks
- Center of Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom W. J. Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J. Prompers
- Center of Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Uehara K, Santoleri D, Whitlock AEG, Titchenell PM. Insulin Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4785-4809. [PMID: 37358513 PMCID: PMC10760932 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes (T2DM) continues to rise worldwide. The liver is a central insulin-responsive metabolic organ that governs whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying insulin action in the liver is essential to our understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. During periods of fasting, the liver catabolizes fatty acids and stored glycogen to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In postprandial conditions, insulin signals to the liver to store excess nutrients into triglycerides, cholesterol, and glycogen. In insulin-resistant states, such as T2DM, hepatic insulin signaling continues to promote lipid synthesis but fails to suppress glucose production, leading to hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular and kidney disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Of note, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of diseases encompassing fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is linked to abnormalities in insulin-mediated lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the role of insulin signaling under normal and pathologic states may provide insights into preventative and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a review of the field of hepatic insulin signaling and lipid regulation, including providing historical context, detailed molecular mechanisms, and address gaps in our understanding of hepatic lipid regulation and the derangements under insulin-resistant conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4785-4809, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahealani Uehara
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominic Santoleri
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna E. Garcia Whitlock
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chałaśkiewicz K, Karaś K, Zakłos-Szyda M, Karwaciak I, Pastwińska J, Koziołkiewicz M, Ratajewski M. Trichostatin a inhibits expression of the human SLC2A5 gene via SNAI1/SNAI2 transcription factors and sensitizes colon cancer cells to platinum compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175728. [PMID: 37062501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
GLUT5, a key protein encoded by the SLC2A5 gene, is involved in the uptake of fructose from the intestine. Currently, with the increased consumption of this sugar and the associated increased incidence of obesity, diabetes and cancer, GLUT5 may represent an important molecular target in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SNAI1 and SNAI2 transcription factors in cells expressing high levels of SLC2A5 mRNA reduced SLC2A5 gene expression. Furthermore, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, which induces SNAI1 and SNAI2 expression, inhibits SLC2A5/GLUT5 expression and sensitizes colon cancer cells to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. This finding might have potential relevance for the development of therapeutic treatments aimed at modulating fructose transport or genes involved in this process for use with certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Koziołkiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
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Chen H, Tan H, Wan J, Zeng Y, Wang J, Wang H, Lu X. PPAR-γ signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108391. [PMID: 36963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently the leading cause of global chronic liver disease, has emerged as a major public health problem, more efficient therapeutics of which are thus urgently needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is considered a crucial metabolic regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. The role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is gradually being recognized. Here, we outline the involvement of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through adipogenesis, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. In addition, the evidence for PPAR-γ- targeted therapy for NAFLD are summarized. Altogether, PPAR-γ is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD, and the development of drugs that can balance the beneficial and undesirable effects of PPAR-γ will bring new light to NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Wan
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Yahia EM, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Brecht JK, García-Solís P, Elena Maldonado Celis M. The contribution of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) to human nutrition and health. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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44
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Li C, Li W, Yang H, Mi Z, Tan S, Lei X. Polysaccharides from Tumorous stem mustard prevented high fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating gut microbiota, hepatic lipid metabolism, and the AKT/FOXO1/MAPK signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Li X, Joh HK, Hur J, Song M, Zhang X, Cao Y, Wu K, Giovannucci EL. Fructose consumption from different food sources and cardiometabolic biomarkers: cross-sectional associations in US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:490-498. [PMID: 36811469 PMCID: PMC10131590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on the relationship between fructose intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers have yielded inconsistent results, and the metabolic effects of fructose are likely to vary across food sources such as fruit versus sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations of fructose from 3 major sources (SSB, fruit juice, and fruit) with 14 insulinemic/glycemic, inflammatory, and lipid markers. METHODS We utilized cross-sectional data from 6858 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 15,400 women in NHS, and 19,456 women in NHSII who were free of type 2 diabetes, CVDs, and cancer at blood draw. Fructose intake was assessed via a validated FFQ. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the percentage differences of biomarker concentrations according to fructose intake. RESULTS We found a 20 g/d increase in total fructose intake was associated with 1.5%- 1.9% higher concentrations of proinflammatory markers plus 3.5% lower adiponectin, as well as 5.9% higher TG/HDL cholesterol ratio. Unfavorable profiles of most biomarkers were only associated with fructose from SSB and juice. In contrast, fruit fructose was associated with lower concentrations of C-peptide, CRP, IL-6, leptin, and total cholesterol. Substituting 20 g/d fruit fructose for SSB fructose was associated with 10.1% lower C-peptide, 2.7%-14.5% lower proinflammatory markers and 1.8%-5.2% lower blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Beverage fructose intake was associated with adverse profiles of multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hee-Kyung Joh
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Fiorentino TV, De Vito F, Suraci E, Marasco R, Hribal ML, Luzza F, Sesti G. Obesity and overweight are linked to increased sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 5 levels in duodenum. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:724-731. [PMID: 36746764 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior evidence indicates that individuals with obesity have an accelerated intestinal glucose absorption. This cross-sectional study evaluated whether those with overweight or obesity display higher duodenal protein levels of the glucose carriers sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT-5). METHODS SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-5 protein levels were assessed on duodenal mucosa biopsies of 52 individuals without diabetes categorized on the basis of their BMI as lean, with overweight, or with obesity. RESULTS Individuals with overweight and obesity exhibited progressively increased duodenal protein levels of SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 as compared with the lean group. Conversely, no differences in duodenal GLUT-2 abundance were found among the three groups. Univariate analysis showed that SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 protein levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, 1-hour post-load glucose, fasting and post-load insulin, and insulin secretion and resistance levels. Furthermore, a positive relationship was detected between intestinal GLUT-5 levels and serum uric acid concentrations, a product of fructose metabolism known to be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with overweight and obesity display enhanced duodenal SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 abundance, which correlates with increased postprandial glucose concentrations, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Evelina Suraci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marasco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Satsu H, Kimura S, Hori Y. Physiological effects of food ingredients on intestinal epithelial cell function. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 50:100499. [PMID: 36907086 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological effects of food ingredients on bodily functions is crucial for the development of foods for specified health use (FoSHU) and functional foods. To investigate this, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been widely studied as they are most frequently exposed to the highest concentrations of food ingredients. Among the various functions of IECs, in this review, we have discussed glucose transporters and their involvement in preventing metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Phytochemicals are also discussed, as they significantly inhibit glucose and fructose absorption via sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), respectively. Additionally, we have focused on the barrier functions of IECs against xenobiotics. Phytochemicals induce detoxification of metabolizing enzymes via pregnane X receptor or aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, which suggests that food ingredients can enhance barrier function. This review will provide insights into the role of food ingredients and glucose transporters, as well as detoxification metabolizing enzymes in IECs, and help guide future research on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan.
| | - Shimon Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yuki Hori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
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Semmler G, Datz C, Trauner M. Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S244-S260. [PMID: 36517001 PMCID: PMC10029946 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary interventions are a central component in the pathophysiology, but also a cornerstone in the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Summarizing our rapidly advancing understanding of how our diet influences our metabolism and focusing on specific effects on the liver, we provide a comprehensive overview of dietary concepts to counteract the increasing burden of NAFLD. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of dietary calorie restriction independently of the macronutrient composition together with adherence to a Mediterranean diet low in added fructose and processed meat that seems to exert favorable effects beyond calorie restriction. Also, we discuss intermittent fasting as a type of diet specifically tailored to decrease liver fat content and increase ketogenesis, awaiting future study results in NAFLD. Finally, personalized dietary recommendations could be powerful tools to increase the effectiveness of dietary interventions in patients with NAFLD considering the genetic background and the microbiome, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tian H, Fang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Zhao J, Tang H, Yin Y, Hu Y, Peng J. Inhibition on XBP1s-driven lipogenesis by Qushi Huayu Decoction contributes to amelioration of hepatic steatosis induced by fructose. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115806. [PMID: 36216198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qushi Huayu Decoction (QHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of five herbs, which has been used for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment in clinic for decades in China and validated in several NAFLD animal models. The hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is enhanced greatly to contribute to steatosis in NAFLD. The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) initiates DNL independently of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). AIM OF THE STUDY To disclose the mechanism of inhibition on hepatic DNL by QHD and the responsible compounds. METHODS The effects of QHD on hepatic DNL were evaluated in mice induced by high-fructose diet (HFru). The effects of the serum-absorbed compounds of QHD on XBP1s were evaluated in HepG2 cells induced by tunicamycin. Hepatic histology, triglyceride (TG) and nonesterified fatty acids were observed. Hepatic apolipoprotein B100 and very low-density lipoprotein were measured to reflect lipid out-transport. The mRNA expression of XBP1s and its target genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of TG synthetases and DNL enzymes, and inositol requirement enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), phosphorylated IRE1α and XBP1s were detected in liver tissue and HepG2 cells by western-blot. The binding activity of SREBP1, protein expression of ChREBP and XBP1s were detected in the nuclear extracts of liver tissue. RESULTS Dynamical observing suggested feeding with HFru for 2 weeks was sufficient to induce hepatic lipogenesis and XBP1s. QHD ameliorated liver steatosis without enhancing out-transport of lipids, accompanied with more inhibitory effects on DNL enzymes than TG synthetases. QHD inhibits the nuclear XBP1s without affecting ChREBP and SREBP1. In QHD, chlorogenic acid, geniposide and polydatin inhibit lipogenesis initiated by XPB1s. CONCLUSION QHD probably decreases hepatic DNL by inhibiting XBP1s independent of SREBP1 and ChREBP. Chlorogenic acid, geniposide and polydatin are the potential responsible compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Tian
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Yin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
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Roy S, Vaippully R, Lokesh M, Nalupurackal G, Edwina P, Bajpai S, Roy B. Comparison of translational and rotational modes towards passive rheology of the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells using optical tweezers. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 10:1099958. [PMID: 36685106 PMCID: PMC7614090 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.1099958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A colloidal particle placed inside the cell cytoplasm is enmeshed within a network of cytoskeletal fibres immersed in the cytosolic fluid. The translational mode is believed to yield different rheological parameters than the rotational mode, given that these modes stretch the fibers differently. We compare the parameters for Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells in this manuscript and find that the results are well comparable to each other. At low values of 0 Hz viscosity, the rotational and translational viscoelasticity matches well. However, discrepancies appear at higher values which may indicate that the cytoskeletal modes involved in rotation and translation of the particle are getting invoked. We also show that the 0 Hz viscosity increases as the cell ages under the conditions of constant room temperature of 25°C on the sample chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahul Vaippully
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Muruga Lokesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gokul Nalupurackal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Privita Edwina
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Saumendra Bajpai
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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