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Meng Y, Lv Y, Shen M, Yu W, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu G, Ma S, Hui Z, Ren X, Liu L. Establishment of an animal model of immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70011. [PMID: 39001676 PMCID: PMC11245635 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, it can also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to develop a clinically practical animal model of irAEs using BALB/c mice. METHODS Subcutaneous tumors of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were generated in inbred BALB/c mice. The mice were treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors once every 3 days for five consecutive administration cycles. Changes in tumor volume and body weight were recorded. Lung computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted. The liver, lungs, heart, and colon tissues of the mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining to observe inflammatory infiltration and were scored. Serum samples were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of ferritin, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Mouse liver and lung cell suspensions were prepared, and changes in macrophages, T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory (Treg) cells were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Mice treated with PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors showed significant reductions in tumor volume and body weight. The tissue inflammatory scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Lung CT scans of mice in the experimental group showed obvious inflammatory spots. Serum levels of ferritin, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and ALT were significantly elevated in the experimental group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a substantial increase in CD3+T cells, Treg cells, and macrophages in the liver and lung tissues of mice in the experimental group compared with the control group, and the change trend of MDSCs was opposite. CONCLUSIONS The irAE-related animal model was successfully established in BALB/c mice using a combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors through multiple administrations with clinical translational value and practical. This model offers valuable insights into irAE mechanisms for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yingge Lv
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Meng Shen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of BiotherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Gen Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Shiya Ma
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zhenzhen Hui
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of BiotherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of BiotherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innobation FundTianjinChina
| | - Liang Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and BiotherapyTianjinChina
- Department of BiotherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
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Tadesse S, Gudina EK, Yilma D, Asefa ET, Yemane T, Mossie A. Haematological Indices in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. J Blood Med 2024; 15:275-284. [PMID: 38912419 PMCID: PMC11193461 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s457371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous biomarkers are used as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive indicators of myocardial ischemia. The most commonly used biomarkers are cardiac troponin I (Tn-I) and creatinine kinase (CK-MB). However, in developing nations, their availability in primary care settings is extremely limited. In such situations, easily available assays such as complete blood count (CBC) should be investigated as prognostic indicators in individuals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objective This study aimed to compare the pattern of haematological indices and blood cell ratios of ACS patients compared with apparently healthy controls. Methods Patients diagnosed with ACS were recruited consecutively between 01 May 2022 and 31 October 2023 at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Biochemical analyses and complete blood counts were performed. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the continuous variables. Spearman correlation coefficient tests were performed to correlate hematologic parameters with high sensitive troponin-I (hs-Tn-I) levels. Results This study enrolled 220 participants (110 patients with ACS and age, sex, and place of residence matched 110 non-ACS controls). From ACS group 99 (90%) were diagnosed with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. The ACS group had a significantly greater mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The RDW (r = 0.248, p = 0.009) and MPV (r = 0.245, p = 0.009) were significantly positively correlated with hs-Tn-I levels in the ACS group. MPV, RDW, and monocyte count were significantly higher in non-survivor ACS patients (p <0.05). Conclusion The significant differences observed in haematological parameters between individuals with ACS and healthy controls suggest the potential utility of these easily accessible and cost-effective diagnostics in predicting future morbidity and ACS risk. Incorporating these routine evaluations into clinical practice could enhance risk assessment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tadesse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Yilma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Elsah Tegene Asefa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Yemane
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Mossie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Sannamwong N, Buranakarl C, Sutayatram S, Trisiriroj M, Dissayabutra T. The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Vet World 2023; 16:154-160. [PMID: 36855344 PMCID: PMC9967729 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.154-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein-creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated. Results Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = -0.462, p < 0.01). Conclusion Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawat Sannamwong
- Residency Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chollada Buranakarl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand,Corresponding author: Chollada Buranakarl, e-mail: Co-authors: NS: , SS: , MT: , TD:
| | - Saikaew Sutayatram
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Monkon Trisiriroj
- The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- STAR Unit of Renal Biochemistry and Stone Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Sher G, Masoodi T, Patil K, Akhtar S, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. Dysregulated FOXM1 signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:107-121. [PMID: 35931301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, significant advances have been made in understanding the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Endowed with self-renewing abilities and multilineage differentiation potential, CSCs have emerged as cellular drivers of virtually all facets of tumor biology, including metastasis, tumor recurrence/relapse, and drug resistance. The functional and biological characteristics of CSCs, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by an array of extracellular factors, signaling pathways, and pluripotent transcriptional factors. Besides the well-characterized regulatory role of transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC in CSCs, evidence for the central role of Forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 in the establishment, maintenance, and functions of CSCs is accumulating. Conventionally identified as a master regulator of the cell cycle, a comprehensive understanding of this molecule has revealed its multifarious oncogenic potential and uncovered its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self-renewal, and drug resistance. This review compiles the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that provides evidence for the mechanisms by which FOXM1 expression promotes stemness in glioblastoma, breast, colon, ovarian, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic carcinomas. We have also compiled the data showing the association of stem cell mediators with FOXM1 using TCGA mRNA expression data. Further, the prognostic importance of FOXM1 and other stem cell markers is presented. The delineation of FOXM1-mediated regulation of CSCs can aid in the development of molecularly targeted pharmacological approaches directed at the selective eradication of CSCs in several human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Mallis P, Chatzistamatiou T, Dimou Z, Sarri EF, Georgiou E, Salagianni M, Triantafyllia V, Andreakos E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy against COVID-19: Promising evidence from in vitro results. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:47-65. [PMID: 35432769 PMCID: PMC8966500 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which was initiated in December 2019. COVID-19 is characterized by a low mortality rate (< 6%); however, this percentage is higher in elderly people and patients with underlying disorders. COVID-19 is characterized by mild to severe outcomes. Currently, several therapeutic strategies are evaluated, such as the use of anti-viral drugs, prophylactic treatment, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccination. Advanced cellular therapies are also investigated, thus representing an additional therapeutic tool for clinicians. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known for their immunoregulatory properties, may halt the induced cytokine release syndrome mediated by SARS-CoV-2, and can be considered as a potential stem cell therapy.
AIM To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs, upon stimulation with COVID-19 patient serum.
METHODS MSCs derived from the human Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) tissue and bone marrow (BM) were isolated, cryopreserved, expanded, and defined according to the criteria outlined by the International Society for Cellular Therapies. Then, WJ and BM-MSCs were stimulated with a culture medium containing 15% COVID-19 patient serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% L-glutamine for 48 h. The quantification of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor a (Ra), IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was performed using commercial ELISA kits. The expression of HLA-G1, G5, and G7 was evaluated in unstimulated and stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs. Finally, the interactions between MSCs and patients’ macrophages were established using co-culture experiments.
RESULTS Thawed WJ and BM-MSCs exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, successfully differentiated to “osteocytes”, “adipocytes”, and “chondrocytes”, and in flow cytometric analysis were characterized by positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105 (> 95%) and negativity for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (< 2%). Moreover, stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs were characterized by increased cytoplasmic granulation, in comparison to unstimulated cells. The HLA-G isoforms (G1, G5, and G7) were successfully expressed by the unstimulated and stimulated WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, only weak expression of HLA-G1 was identified in BM-MSCs. Stimulated MSCs secreted high levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β1, FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and IDO in comparison to unstimulated cells (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. Finally, macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients successfully adapted the M2 phenotype after co-culturing with stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs.
CONCLUSION WJ and BM-MSCs successfully produced high levels of immunoregulatory agents, which may efficiently modulate the over-activated immune responses of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Zetta Dimou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eirini-Faidra Sarri
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgiou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Kim S, Lahu G, Vakilynejad M, Soldatos TG, Jackson DB, Lesko LJ, Trame MN. Application of a patient-centered reverse translational systems-based approach to understand mechanisms of an adverse drug reaction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1430-1438. [PMID: 35191192 PMCID: PMC9199880 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy became a key pillar of cancer therapeutics with the approvals of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, which inhibit either cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) or programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) that are negative regulators of T‐cell activation. However, boosting T‐cell activation is often accompanied by autoimmunity, leading to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including high grade 3–4 colitis and its severe complications whose prevalence may reach 14% for combination checkpoint inhibitors. In this research, we investigated how mechanistic differences between anti‐CTLA‐4 (ipilimumab) and anti‐PD‐1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) affect colitis, a general class toxicity. The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing colitis. Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the statistical relevance between adverse events of interest and molecular causation. We verified that the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug is associated with an approximately three‐fold higher proportional reporting ratio associated with colitis than those of the anti‐PD‐1 drugs. The signal of the molecular mechanisms, including signaling pathways of inflammatory cytokines, was statistically insignificant to test the hypothesis that the severer rate of colitis associated with ipilimumab would be due to a greater magnitude of T‐cell activation as a result of earlier response of the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug in the immune response. This patient‐centered systems‐based approach provides an exploratory process to better understand drug pair adverse events at pathway and target levels through reverse translation from postmarket surveillance safety reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence J Lesko
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mirjam N Trame
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Serum transferrin as a biomarker of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha activity and hepatocyte function in liver diseases. BMC Med 2021; 19:39. [PMID: 33593348 PMCID: PMC7887823 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum transferrin levels represent an independent predictor of mortality in patients with liver failure. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a master regulator of hepatocyte functions. The aim of this study was to explore whether serum transferrin reflects HNF4α activity. METHODS Factors regulating transferrin expression in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) were assessed via transcriptomic/methylomic analysis as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA sequencing. The findings were corroborated in primary hepatocytes. Serum and liver samples from 40 patients with advanced liver disease of multiple etiologies were also studied. RESULTS In patients with advanced liver disease, serum transferrin levels correlated with hepatic transferrin expression (r = 0.51, p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical and biochemical tests confirmed reduced HNF4α and transferrin protein levels in individuals with cirrhosis. In AH, hepatic gene-gene correlation analysis in liver transcriptome revealed an enrichment of HNF4α signature in transferrin-correlated transcriptome while transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) negatively associated with transferrin signature. A key regulatory region in transferrin promoter was hypermethylated in patients with AH. In primary hepatocytes, treatment with TGFβ1 or the HNF4α inhibitor BI6015 suppressed transferrin production, while exposure to TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 had no effect. The correlation between hepatic HNF4A and transferrin mRNA levels was also seen in advanced liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Serum transferrin levels constitute a prognostic and mechanistic biomarker. Consequently, they may serve as a surrogate of impaired hepatic HNF4α signaling and liver failure.
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Abdellateif MS, Salem SE, Badr DM, Shaarawy S, Hussein MM, Zekri ARN, Fouad MA. The Prognostic Significance of 5-Fluorouracil Induced Inflammation and Immuno-Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1245-1259. [PMID: 33408498 PMCID: PMC7781028 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s283069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The change in the levels of peripheral inflammatory markers together with EGFR in relation to 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy was evaluated for their prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Patients and Methods Expression levels of COX2, IL6, IL1β, EGFR, IL10, and TNFα were determined with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in the peripheral blood of 90 CRC patients. The inflammatory response was correlated with patients’ clinical features, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results After 6 months of 5-FU therapy, increased inflammatory response was found to be associated with smoking, T3 or T4 tumors, performance status (PS) III, positive lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and gastrointestinal (GIT) toxicity. The combination of COX2 with interleukins in a predictive equation for DFS was significant in patients with over-expression of EGFR. DFS and OS rates were reduced in patients with increased COX2, IL6, IL10, and TNFα expression with 5-FU therapy. Significant hazard of disease progression was associated with smoking (HR=1.27, P=0.004), 5-FU induction of COX2, and IL6 expression (HR=1.35, P=0.001 and HR=1.27, P=0.004, respectively). Moreover, smoking, 5-FU induction of IL6, TNFα, and IL10 expression are found to be independent prognostic factors for OS (P=0.003, 0.003, 0.002, and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion The peripheral effects of 5-FU therapy have shown a significant impact on the treatment outcome of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem E Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabry Shaarawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yuan S, Larsson S. Causal associations of iron status with gout and rheumatoid arthritis, but not with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3119-3124. [PMID: 32044136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of iron homeostasis with the risk of gout, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms for iron status were selected at the genome-wide significance level from a large genome-wide association study of 48 972 European-descent individuals. Summary-level data for gout, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease were obtained from The Global Urate Genetics Consortium and two large genome-wide association studies, respectively. Inverse-variance weighted method with random-effects and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Genetic predisposition to high iron status was causally associated with higher odds of gout, lower odds of rheumatoid arthritis, but not associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The odds ratios of gout were 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00, 1.81; p = 0.047), 2.07 (95% CI, 1.23, 3.50; p = 0.006), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07, 1.50; p = 0.007) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54, 0.90; p = 0.005) per one standard deviation increment of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and transferrin levels, respectively. For rheumatoid arthritis, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65, 0.94; p = 0.010), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40, 0.86; p = 0.007), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.75, 0.94; p = 0.003) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.06, 1.55; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Based on consistent findings for four iron biomarkers, genetically high iron status was positively associated with gout and inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis. There was limited MR evidence supporting a causal association between iron status and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Luke K, Purwanto B, Herawati L, Al-Farabi MJ, Oktaviono YH. Predictive Value of Hematologic Indices in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2428-2433. [PMID: 31666841 PMCID: PMC6814467 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between Acute Coronary Syndrom (ACS) and SCAD (Stable Coronary Artery Disease) requires advanced laboratory instrument and electrocardiogram. However, their availabilities in primary care settings in developing countries are limited. Hematologic changes usually occur in the ACS patient and might be valuable to distinguish ACS from SCAD. AIM This study compares the hematologic indices between ACS and SCAD patients and analyses its predictive value for ACS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 191 patients (79 ACS and 112 SCAD) were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion criteria. Patient's characteristic, hematologic indices on admission, and the final diagnosis were obtained from medical records. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS In this research MCHC value (33.40 vs. 32.80 g/dL; p < 0.05); WBC (11.16 vs. 7.40 x109/L; p < 0.001); NLR (6.29 vs. 2.18; p < 0.001); and PLR (173.88 vs 122.46; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in ACS compared to SCAD patients. While MPV (6.40 vs. 10.00 fL; p < 0.001) was significantly lower in ACS patients. ROC curve analysis showed MPV had the highest AUC (95%) for ACS diagnosis with an optimum cut-off point at ≤ 8.35 fL (sensitivity 93.6% and specificity 97.3%). CONCLUSION There was a significant difference between hematologic indices between ACS and SCAD patients. MPV is the best indices to distinguish ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Luke
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwanto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Lilik Herawati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Makhyan Jibril Al-Farabi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- School of Management, Healthcare Entrepreneurship Division, University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Yudi Her Oktaviono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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11
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Kashem MA, Li H, Toledo NP, Omange RW, Liang B, Liu LR, Li L, Yang X, Yuan XY, Kindrachuk J, Plummer FA, Luo M. Toll-like Interleukin 1 Receptor Regulator Is an Important Modulator of Inflammation Responsive Genes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 30873160 PMCID: PMC6403165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator), a transcript variant of FREM1, is a novel regulatory component, which stimulates innate immune responses through binding to IL-1R1 (Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) complex. However, it is not known whether TILRR expression influences other genes in the NFκB signal transduction and pro-inflammatory responses. Our previous study identified FREM1 as a novel candidate gene in HIV-1 resistance/susceptibility in the Pumwani Sex worker cohort. In this study, we investigated the effect of TILRR overexpression on expression of genes in the NFκB signaling pathway in vitro. The effect of TILRR on mRNA expression of 84 genes related to NFκB signal transduction pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of TILRR on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine(s) secretion in cell culture supernatants was analyzed using Bioplex multiplex bead assay. We found that TILRR overexpression significantly influenced expression of many genes in HeLa and VK2/E6E7 cells. Several cytokine/chemokine(s), including IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and RANTES (CCL5) were significantly increased in the cell culture supernatants following TILRR overexpression. Although how TILRR influences the expression of these genes needs to be further studied, we are the first to show the influence of TILRR on many genes in the NFκB inflammatory pathways. The NFκB inflammatory response pathways are extremely important in microbial infection and pathogenesis, including HIV-1 transmission. Further study of the role of TILRR may identify the novel intervention targets and strategies against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nikki Pauline Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Were Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lewis Ruxi Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xuefen Yang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xin-Yong Yuan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Proença MA, Biselli JM, Succi M, Severino FE, Berardinelli GN, Caetano A, Reis RM, Hughes DJ, Silva AE. Relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum, inflammatory mediators and microRNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5351-5365. [PMID: 30598580 PMCID: PMC6305535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i47.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) on the microenvironment of colonic neoplasms and the expression of inflammatory mediators and microRNAs (miRNAs).
METHODS Levels of F. nucleatum DNA, cytokine gene mRNA (TLR2, TLR4, NFKB1, TNF, IL1B, IL6 and IL8), and potentially interacting miRNAs (miR-21-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-28-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-135b-5p) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) TaqMan® assays in DNA and/or RNA extracted from the disease and adjacent normal fresh tissues of 27 colorectal adenoma (CRA) and 43 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. KRAS mutations were detected by direct sequencing and microsatellite instability (MSI) status by multiplex PCR. Cytoscape v3.1.1 was used to construct the postulated miRNA:mRNA interaction network.
RESULTS Overabundance of F. nucleatum in neoplastic tissue compared to matched normal tissue was detected in CRA (51.8%) and more markedly in CRC (72.1%). We observed significantly greater expression of TLR4, IL1B, IL8, and miR-135b in CRA lesions and TLR2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, miR-34a and miR-135b in CRC tumours compared to their respective normal tissues. Only two transcripts for miR-22 and miR-28 were exclusively downregulated in CRC tumour samples. The mRNA expression of IL1B, IL6, IL8 and miR-22 was positively correlated with F. nucleatum quantification in CRC tumours. The mRNA expression of miR-135b and TNF was inversely correlated. The miRNA:mRNA interaction network suggested that the upregulation of miR-34a in CRC proceeds via a TLR2/TLR4-dependent response to F. nucleatum. Finally, KRAS mutations were more frequently observed in CRC samples infected with F. nucleatum and were associated with greater expression of miR-21 in CRA, while IL8 was upregulated in MSI-high CRC.
CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that F. nucleatum is a risk factor for CRC by increasing the expression of inflammatory mediators through a possible miRNA-mediated activation of TLR2/TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Alcântara Proença
- Department of Biology, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Joice Matos Biselli
- Department of Biology, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Maysa Succi
- Department of Biology, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Eduardo Severino
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus of Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Alaor Caetano
- Endoscopy Center of Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15015-700, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Campus Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ana Elizabete Silva
- Department of Biology, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
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Dwinovan J, Colella AD, Chegeni N, Chataway TK, Sokoya EM. Proteomic analysis reveals downregulation of housekeeping proteins in the diabetic vascular proteome. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:171-190. [PMID: 27796656 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of death associated with cardiovascular complications. However, a complete understanding of protein changes within the diabetic vasculature is still lacking. METHODS Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry to perform vascular and urinary proteome analysis using a rat model of high-fat feeding and low-dose streptozotocin to simulate late-stage T2D. The purpose of this study was to identify aortic and urine proteins that are differentially expressed in normal and T2D rats. RESULTS High-fat feeding and low-dose streptozotocin resulted in hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and high levels of circulating free fatty acids. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, high-mobility-group protein B1 and spondin-1 were significantly increased in T2D aorta compared to control aorta, suggesting vascular inflammation and smooth muscle proliferation, respectively. However, the majority of differentially expressed aortic proteins were downregulated in T2D, including proteins associated with coagulation, cell differentiation and redox homeostasis. Strikingly, we report a significant downregulation of commonly used cytoskeletal housekeeping proteins in T2D aorta. Urine from T2D rats displayed increased expression of proteins involved in inflammation and oxidative stress and decreased expression of proteins associated with lipid metabolism and cell adhesion. A number of differentially expressed proteins in urine of T2D rats have previously been reported in human T2D, thereby supporting this animal model as a good representation of human T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our data offer new information regarding key pathways that could be therapeutically targeted to combat the cardiovascular complications of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Dwinovan
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Room 4E 432, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alexander D Colella
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Room 4E 432, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Room 4E 432, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy K Chataway
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Room 4E 432, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Elke M Sokoya
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Room 4E 432, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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15
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Antas PRZ, Pedro TQC, Santiago EA, Lima JR, Silva FC, Melca LAV, Ponte CGG. Human neonates display altered ex vivo monokine production related to healthy adults. Immunol Lett 2015; 170:64-7. [PMID: 26687810 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays an important role during the induction of several neonatal diseases. Previous studies have shown that during newborn infections, the natural imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses shifts toward the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we employed an array system to detect 9 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and performed ELISA for 6 other cytokines. We then compared the immune response profiling in umbilical cord blood (UV) plasma samples with circulating levels in otherwise healthy donors (HD). Concentrations of ex vivo monokine levels, such as interleukins (IL)-18, IL-23 and IL-27, were profoundly reduced in the UV in relation to the HD group (p-values of 0.003, 0.009 and <0.0001, respectively). Conversely, UV-plasmatic TGF-β1 levels displayed marked enhancement (p-value=0.005) in relation to HD. Several factors may be implicated in these neonatal alterations, and additional characterization of a broader cytokine panel is warranted to reveal other possible candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Z Antas
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thaíze Q C Pedro
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana A Santiago
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Lima
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Silva
- Gaffree Guinle State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis A V Melca
- Gaffree Guinle State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos G G Ponte
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Kallianpur AR, Wang Q, Jia P, Hulgan T, Zhao Z, Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, Heaton RK, Franklin DR, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Collier AC, Marra CM, Clifford DB, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, Morgello S, Simpson DM, McCutchan JA, Grant I. Anemia and Red Blood Cell Indices Predict HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1065-73. [PMID: 26690344 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia has been linked to adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes, including dementia, in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remain common in HIV-infected persons, despite HAART, but whether anemia predicts HAND in the HAART era is unknown. METHODS We evaluated time-dependent associations of anemia and cross-sectional associations of red blood cell indices with neurocognitive impairment in a multicenter, HAART-era HIV cohort study (N = 1261), adjusting for potential confounders, including age, nadir CD4(+) T-cell count, zidovudine use, and comorbid conditions. Subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric and neuromedical assessments. RESULTS HAND, defined according to standardized criteria, occurred in 595 subjects (47%) at entry. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were positively associated with the global deficit score, a continuous measure of neurocognitive impairment (both P < .01), as well as with all HAND, milder forms of HAND, and HIV-associated dementia in multivariable analyses (all P < .05). Anemia independently predicted development of HAND during a median follow-up of 72 months (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.55; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Anemia and red blood cell indices predict HAND in the HAART era and may contribute to risk assessment. Future studies should address whether treating anemia may help to prevent HAND or improve cognitive function in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha R Kallianpur
- Department of Genomic Medicine/Lerner Research Institute and Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Peilin Jia
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd Hulgan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann C Collier
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - David B Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin C McArthur
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David M Simpson
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - J A McCutchan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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Schonberg DL, Miller TE, Wu Q, Flavahan WA, Das NK, Hale JS, Hubert CG, Mack SC, Jarrar AM, Karl RT, Rosager AM, Nixon AM, Tesar PJ, Hamerlik P, Kristensen BW, Horbinski C, Connor JR, Fox PL, Lathia JD, Rich JN. Preferential Iron Trafficking Characterizes Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:441-455. [PMID: 26461092 PMCID: PMC4646058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas display hierarchies with self-renewing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). RNA sequencing and enhancer mapping revealed regulatory programs unique to CSCs causing upregulation of the iron transporter transferrin, the top differentially expressed gene compared with tissue-specific progenitors. Direct interrogation of iron uptake demonstrated that CSCs potently extract iron from the microenvironment more effectively than other tumor cells. Systematic interrogation of iron flux determined that CSCs preferentially require transferrin receptor and ferritin, two core iron regulators, to propagate and form tumors in vivo. Depleting ferritin disrupted CSC mitotic progression, through the STAT3-FoxM1 regulatory axis, revealing an iron-regulated CSC pathway. Iron is a unique, primordial metal fundamental for earliest life forms, on which CSCs have an epigenetically programmed, targetable dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Schonberg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nupur K Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Awad M Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert T Karl
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne M Nixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Effects of prebiotic supplementation on the expression of proteins regulating iron absorption in anaemic growing rats. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:901-8. [PMID: 25745840 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prebiotics may increase intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic growing rats. The present study evaluated the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin and oligofructose on factors that regulate Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase. Male Wistar rats aged 21 d of age were fed AIN-93G ration without Fe for 2 weeks to induce Fe-deficiency anaemia. The rats were fed on day 35 a control diet, or a diet with 10 % HP inulin, or a diet with 10 % oligofructose, without Fe supplementation. The animals were euthanised after 2 weeks, and segments of the duodenum, caecum, colon and liver were removed. The expression levels of proteins in the intestinal segments were assessed using Western blotting. The levels of serum, urine and liver hepcidin and the concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in the caecum, colon and liver were measured using the ELISA test. HP inulin increased the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 protein in the caecum by 162 % (P= 0·04), and the expression of duodenal cytochrome b reductase in the colon by 136 % (P= 0·02). Oligofructose decreased the expression of the protein ferroportin in the duodenum (P= 0·02), the concentrations of IL-10 (P= 0·044), IL-6 (P= 0·036) and TNF-α (P= 0·004) in the caecum, as well as the level of urinary hepcidin (P< 0·001). These results indicate that prebiotics may interfere with the expression of various intestinal proteins and systemic factors involved in the regulation of intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase.
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Rodón J, Carducci M, Sepulveda-Sánchez JM, Azaro A, Calvo E, Seoane J, Braña I, Sicart E, Gueorguieva I, Cleverly A, Pillay NS, Desaiah D, Estrem ST, Paz-Ares L, Holdhoff M, Blakeley J, Lahn MM, Baselga J. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biomarker evaluation of transforming growth factor-β receptor I kinase inhibitor, galunisertib, in phase 1 study in patients with advanced cancer. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:357-70. [PMID: 25529192 PMCID: PMC4387272 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors, including malignant glioma. Small molecule inhibitors (SMI) blocking TGF-β signaling reverse EMT and arrest tumor progression. Several SMIs were developed, but currently only LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) was advanced to clinical investigation. Design The first-in-human dose study had three parts (Part A, dose escalation, n = 39; Part B, safety combination with lomustine, n = 26; Part C, relative bioavailability study, n = 14). Results A preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model predicted a therapeutic window up to 300 mg/day and was confirmed in Part A after continuous PK/PD. PK was not affected by co-medications such as enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs or proton pump inhibitors. Changes in pSMAD2 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were associated with exposure indicating target-related pharmacological activity of galunisertib. Twelve (12/79; 15%) patients with refractory/relapsed malignant glioma had durable stable disease (SD) for 6 or more cycles, partial responses (PR), or complete responses (CR). These patients with clinical benefit had high plasma baseline levels of MDC/CCL22 and low protein expression of pSMAD2 in their tumors. Of the 5 patients with IDH1/2 mutation, 4 patients had a clinical benefit as defined by CR/PR and SD ≥6 cycles. Galunisertib had a favorable toxicity profile and no cardiac adverse events. Conclusion Based on the PK, PD, and biomarker evaluations, the intermittent administration of galunisertib at 300 mg/day is safe for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rodón
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
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The landscape of protein biomarkers proposed for periodontal disease: markers with functional meaning. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:569632. [PMID: 25057495 PMCID: PMC4099050 DOI: 10.1155/2014/569632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is characterized by a deregulated inflammatory response which fails to resolve, activating bone resorption. The identification of the proteomes associated with PD has fuelled biomarker proposals; nevertheless, many questions remain. Biomarker selection should favour molecules representing an event which occurs throughout the disease progress. The analysis of proteome results and the information available for each protein, including its functional role, was accomplished using the OralOme database. The integrated analysis of this information ascertains if the suggested proteins reflect the cell and/or molecular mechanisms underlying the different forms of periodontal disease. The evaluation of the proteins present/absent or with very different concentrations in the proteome of each disease state was used for the identification of the mechanisms shared by different PD variants or specific to such state. The information presented is relevant for the adequate design of biomarker panels for PD. Furthermore, it will open new perspectives and help envisage future studies targeted to unveil the functional role of specific proteins and help clarify the deregulation process in the PD inflammatory response.
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IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with hyperferritinemia in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:815245. [PMID: 24800252 PMCID: PMC3988788 DOI: 10.1155/2014/815245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Hyperferritinemia is frequently accompanied by rapidly progressive (RP) interstitial lung disease (ILD) with polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM). To clarify the mechanism of RP-ILD with hyperferritinemia, we investigated the associations between serum ferritin levels and various cytokines in patients with PM/DM. Methods. This retrospective study included 38 patients admitted to our hospital with PM/DM. Levels of serum ferritin and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IP-10) were measured. Disease activity was evaluated using the tool proposed by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group. We analyzed the associations between disease activity and levels of serum ferritin and cytokines. Results. The levels of serum ferritin, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and TNF-α, were significantly correlated with disease activity. In a multivariate analysis, IL-6 (t = 3.6, P = 0.0010), IL-8 (t = 4.8, P < 0.0001), and IL-10 (t = 5.7, P < 0.0001) significantly contributed to serum ferritin levels. The levels of serum ferritin, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, were higher in the RP-ILD subset than in the non-ILD subset or the chronic ILD subset. Conclusion. IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are significant contributors to hyperferritinemia in PM/DM. The regulation of these cytokines might offer a possible treatment strategy for RP-ILD with PM/DM.
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Koorts AM, Levay PF, Hall AN, van der Merwe CF, Becker PJ, Frantzen DJM, Viljoen M. Expression of the H- and L-subunits of ferritin in bone marrow macrophages of patients with osteoarthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:688-93. [PMID: 22688823 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a disease characterized by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in afflicted joints. Excess iron, due to its role in the production of ROS and crystal deposition in the joints, is implicated in the disease progression of osteoarthritis. Ferritin is a major regulator of the bioavailability of iron, and its functions are determined largely by the combination of H- and L-subunits present in its outer protein shell. The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of the H- and L-subunits of ferritin in bone marrow macrophages of osteoarthritis patients. The cytokine profiles were assessed as cytokines play an important role in the expression of the ferritin subunits. The H-subunit of ferritin in the bone marrow macrophages was significantly higher (P value = 0.035) in the osteoarthritis patients compared with the controls (107.84; 69.25-167.94 counts/μm(2); n = 7 versus 71.07; 58.56-86.26 counts/μm(2); n = 19). A marginally significant increase (P value = 0.059) was shown for the expression of the L-subunit in the osteoarthritis patients compared with the controls (133.03; 104.04-170.10 counts/μm(2); n = 7 versus 104.23; 91.53-118.70 counts/μm(2); n = 19). The osteoarthritis and control groups had comparable C-reactive protein, as well as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. The major exception was for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which was higher (P value = 0.014) in the plasma of the osteoarthritis patients (16.69; 13.09-21.28 ng/mL; n = 7 versus 8.60; 6.34-11.67 ng/mL; n = 19). Up-regulation of the ferritin subunits decreases the levels of bioavailable iron and provides protection against the unwarranted production of ROS and crystal deposition. A role for TGF-β in the up-regulation of the expression of the H-subunit, and possibly the L-subunit, of ferritin is postulated in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Maria Koorts
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa.
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Koorts A, Levay P, Hall A, van der Merwe C, Becker P, Viljoen M. Expression of the H-subunit and L-subunit of ferritin in bone marrow macrophages and cells of the erythron during cellular immune activation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 47:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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