1
|
Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khandani B, Movahedin M. Learning Towards Maturation of Defined Feeder-free Pluripotency Culture Systems: Lessons from Conventional Feeder-based Systems. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:484-494. [PMID: 38079087 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of stem cells for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. This is due to their unique ability to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers and their capacity for indefinite self-renewal. Initially, PSCs were cultured using animal feeder cells, but these systems presented several limitations, particularly in terms of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. As a result, feeder-free systems were introduced as a safer alternative. However, the precise mechanisms by which feeder cells support pluripotency are not fully understood. More importantly, it has been observed that some aspects of the need for feeder cells like the optimal density and cell type can vary depending on conditions such as the developmental stage of the PSCs, phases of the culture protocol, the method used in culture for induction of pluripotency, and intrinsic variability of PSCs. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the divergent roles and necessity of feeder cells in various conditions would lead to the development of condition-specific defined feeder-free systems that resolve the failure of current feeder-free systems in some conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore considerable feeder-related issues that can lead to the development of condition-specific feeder-free systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Khandani
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 14115111, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nath SC, Menendez L, Friedrich Ben-Nun I. Overcoming the Variability of iPSCs in the Manufacturing of Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16929. [PMID: 38069252 PMCID: PMC10706975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors are known to contribute to the diversity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Among these are the donor's genetic background and family history, the somatic cell source, the iPSC reprogramming method, and the culture system of choice. Moreover, variability is seen even in iPSC clones, generated in a single reprogramming event, where the donor, somatic cell type, and reprogramming platform are the same. The diversity seen in iPSC lines often translates to epigenetic differences, as well as to differences in the expansion rate, iPSC line culture robustness, and their ability to differentiate into specific cell types. As such, the diversity of iPSCs presents a hurdle to standardizing iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing. In this review, we will expand on the various factors that impact iPSC diversity and the strategies and tools that could be taken by the industry to overcome the differences amongst various iPSC lines, therefore enabling robust and reproducible iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman C. Nath
- Cell Therapy Process Department, Lonza Inc., Houston, TX 77047, USA; (S.C.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Menendez
- Cell Therapy Process Department, Lonza Inc., Houston, TX 77047, USA; (S.C.N.); (L.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Liu J, Zhang T, Wang L. Direct cardiac reprogramming: Toward the era of multi-omics analysis. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100058. [PMID: 37193352 PMCID: PMC10120284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes precludes heart repair and regeneration after cardiac injury. Direct cardiac reprograming that converts scar-forming cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into functional induced-cardiomyocytes (iCMs) offers promising potential to restore heart structure and heart function. Significant advances have been achieved in iCM reprogramming using genetic and epigenetic regulators, small molecules, and delivery strategies. Recent researches on the heterogeneity and reprogramming trajectories elucidated novel mechanisms of iCM reprogramming at single cell level. Here, we review recent progress in iCM reprogramming with a focus on multi-omics (transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic) researches to investigate the cellular and molecular machinery governing cell fate conversion. We also highlight the future potential using multi-omics approaches to dissect iCMs conversion for clinal applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Liu J, Chen J, Qin B. Generation and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mononuclear Cells in An Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patient. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:764-773. [PMID: 36527349 PMCID: PMC9790072 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.557559.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patient to provide potential cell sources for both basic scientific research and clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood of a 70-year-old female patient with AMD and reprogrammed into iPSCs by transfection of Sendai virus that contained Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC). Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), karyotype analysis, embryoid body (EB) formation, and teratoma detection were performed to confirm that AMD-iPSCs exhibited full pluripotency and maintained a normal karyotype after reprogramming. AMD-iPSCs were induced into RPE cells by stepwise induced differentiation and specific markers of RPE cells examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS The iPSC colonies started to form on three weeks post-infection. AMD-iPSCs exhibited typical morphology including roundness, a large nucleus, sparse cytoplasm, and conspicuous nucleoli. QPCR data showed that AMDiPSCs expressed pluripotency markers (endo-OCT4, endo-SOX2, NANOG and REX1). Flow cytometry indicated 99.7% of generated iPSCs was TRA-1-60 positive. Methylation sequencing showed that the regions of OCT4 and NANOG promoter were demethylated in iPSCs. EBs and teratomas formation assay showed that iPSCs had strong differentiation potential and pluripotency. After a series of inductions with differentiation mediums, a monolayer of AMDiPSC- RPE cells was observed on day 50. The AMD-iPSC-RPEs highly expressed specific RPE markers (MITF, ZO-1, Bestrophin, and PMEL17). CONCLUSION A high quality iPSCs could be established from the PBMCs obtained from elderly AMD patient. The AMDiPSC displayed complete pluripotency, enabling for scientific study, disease modeling, pharmacological testing, and therapeutic applications in personalized medicine. Collectively, we successfully differentiated the iPSCs into RPE with native RPE characteristics, which might provide potential regenerative treatments for AMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongmiao Wang
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China,*Corresponding Address:Shenzhen Aier Eye HospitalShenzhenChina
Emails:,
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China,Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China,*Corresponding Address:Shenzhen Aier Eye HospitalShenzhenChina
Emails:,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robust Generation of Ready-to-Use Cryopreserved Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113462. [PMID: 36362259 PMCID: PMC9657726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived motor neurons (MNs) act as models for motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal muscular atrophy. However, the MN differentiation efficiency and viability following cryopreservation require further development for application in large-scale studies and drug screening. Here, we developed a robust protocol to convert hPSCs into MN cryopreservation stocks (hPSCs were converted into >92% motor neural progenitors and >91% MNs). Near-mature MNs were cryopreserved at a high thawing survival rate and 89% MN marker expression on day 32. Moreover, these MNs exhibited classical electrophysiological properties and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation ability within only 4−6 days after thawing. To apply this platform as an MND model, MN stocks were generated from SOD1G85R, SOD1G85G isogenic control, and sporadic ALS hPSC lines. The thawed ALS MNs expressed ALS-specific cytopathies, including SOD1 protein aggregation and TDP-43 redistribution. Thus, a stable and robust protocol was developed to generate ready-to-use cryopreserved MNs without further neuronal maturation processes for application in MND mechanistic studies, NMJ model establishment, and large-scale drug screening.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan LS, Chen JT, Lim LY, Teo AKK. Manufacturing clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells for diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13232. [PMID: 35474596 PMCID: PMC9357357 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferative capacity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) fortifies it as one of the most attractive sources for cell therapy application in diabetes. In the past two decades, vast research efforts have been invested in developing strategies to differentiate hPSCs into clinically suitable insulin‐producing endocrine cells or functional beta cells (β cells). With the end goal being clinical translation, it is critical for hPSCs and insulin‐producing β cells to be derived, handled, stored, maintained and expanded with clinical compliance. This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical‐grade hiPSCs, (2) scale‐up and differentiation of clinical‐grade hiPSCs into β cells in clinically compliant conditions and (3) mandatory quality control and product release criteria necessitated by various regulatory bodies to approve the use of the cell‐based products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juin Ting Chen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell as a Disease Modeling and Drug Development Platform-A Cardiac Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123483. [PMID: 34943991 PMCID: PMC8699880 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and cellular responses to drugs in human heart disease is limited by species differences between humans and experimental animals. In addition, isolation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs) is complicated because cells obtained by biopsy do not proliferate to provide sufficient numbers of cells for preclinical studies in vitro. Interestingly, the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) has opened up the possibility of generating and studying heart disease in a culture dish. The combination of reprogramming and genome editing technologies to generate a broad spectrum of human heart diseases in vitro offers a great opportunity to elucidate gene function and mechanisms. However, to exploit the potential applications of hiPSC-derived-CMs for drug testing and studying adult-onset cardiac disease, a full functional characterization of maturation and metabolic traits is required. In this review, we focus on methods to reprogram somatic cells into hiPSC and the solutions for overcome immaturity of the hiPSC-derived-CMs to mimic the structure and physiological properties of the adult human CMs to accurately model disease and test drug safety. Finally, we discuss how to improve the culture, differentiation, and purification of CMs to obtain sufficient numbers of desired types of hiPSC-derived-CMs for disease modeling and drug development platform.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ting HC, Yang HI, Harn HJ, Chiu IM, Su HL, Li X, Chen MF, Ho TJ, Liu CA, Tsai YJ, Chiou TW, Lin SZ, Chang CY. Coactivation of GSK3β and IGF-1 Attenuates Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Nerve Fiber Cytopathies in SOD1 Mutant Patient-Derived Motor Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102773. [PMID: 34685754 PMCID: PMC8535155 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive nervous system disease that causes motor neuron (MN) degeneration and results in patient death within a few years. To recapitulate the cytopathies of ALS patients’ MNs, SOD1G85R mutant and corrected SOD1G85G isogenic-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were established. Two SOD1 mutant ALS (SOD1G85R and SOD1D90A), two SOD1 mutant corrected (SOD1G85G and SOD1D90D), and one sporadic ALS iPSC lines were directed toward MNs. After receiving ~90% purity for MNs, we first demonstrated that SOD1G85R mutant ALS MNs recapitulated ALS-specific nerve fiber aggregates, similar to SOD1D90A ALS MNs in a previous study. Moreover, we found that both SOD1 mutant MNs showed ALS-specific neurite degenerations and neurotransmitter-induced calcium hyperresponsiveness. In a small compound test using these MNs, we demonstrated that gastrodin, a major ingredient of Gastrodia elata, showed therapeutic effects that decreased nerve fiber cytopathies and reverse neurotransmitter-induced hyperresponsiveness. The therapeutic effects of gastrodin applied not only to SOD1 ALS MNs but also to sporadic ALS MNs and SOD1G93A ALS mice. Moreover, we found that coactivation of the GSK3β and IGF-1 pathways was a mechanism involved in the therapeutic effects of gastrodin. Thus, the coordination of compounds that activate these two mechanisms could reduce nerve fiber cytopathies in SOD1 ALS MNs. Interestingly, the therapeutic role of GSK3β activation on SOD1 ALS MNs in the present study was in contrast to the role previously reported in research using cell line- or transgenic animal-based models. In conclusion, we identified in vitro ALS-specific nerve fiber and neurofunctional markers in MNs, which will be useful for drug screening, and we used an iPSC-based model to reveal novel therapeutic mechanisms (including GSK3β and IGF-1 activation) that may serve as potential targets for ALS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Ting
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
| | - Hui-I Yang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Xiang Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
- Neuroscience Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Tsai
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97441, Taiwan;
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-Z.L.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-3-856-1825 (ext. 13201) (S.-Z.L.); +886-3-856-1825 (ext. 12106) (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (H.-I.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-A.L.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
- Neuroscience Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-Z.L.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-3-856-1825 (ext. 13201) (S.-Z.L.); +886-3-856-1825 (ext. 12106) (C.-Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choudhury S, Surendran N, Das A. Recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell-based skin regeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:697-710. [PMID: 33970525 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin regeneration has been a challenging clinical problem especially in cases of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa-related skin blisters. Prolonged non-healing wounds often lead to bacterial infections increasing the severity of wounds. Current treatment strategies for chronic wounds include debridement of wounds along with antibiotics, growth factors, and stem cell transplantation therapies. However, the compromised nature of autologous stem cells in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes limits the efficacy of the therapy. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has immensely influenced the field of regenerative therapy. Enormous efforts have been made to develop integration-free iPSCs suitable for clinical therapies. This review focuses on recent advances in the methods and reprogramming factors for generating iPSCs along with the existing challenges such as genetic alterations, tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and regulatory hurdles for the clinical application of iPSCs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the benefits of using iPSCs for the generation of skin cells and skin disease modeling over the existing clinical therapies for skin regeneration in chronic wounds and skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subholakshmi Choudhury
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nidhi Surendran
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Concise Review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:748-776. [PMID: 33098306 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells by using reprogramming factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 (OSNL). They resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have the ability to differentiate into cell lineage of all three germ-layer, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). The CMs can be generated from iPSCs by inducing embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and treatment with activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and inhibitors of Wnt signaling. However, these iPSC-derived CMs are a heterogeneous population of cells and require purification and maturation to mimic the in vivo CMs. The matured CMs can be used for various therapeutic purposes in regenerative medicine by cardiomyoplasty or through the development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the isolation of iPSC and their differentiation, purification, and maturation into clinically usable CMs. Newer small molecules have also been identified to substitute the reprogramming factors for iPSC generation as well as for direct differentiation of somatic cells into CMs without an intermediary pluripotent state. This review provides a concise update on the generation of iPSC-derived CMs and their application in personalized cardiac regenerative medicine. It also discusses the current limitations and challenges in the application of iPSC-derived CMs. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
13
|
Borgohain MP, Haridhasapavalan KK, Dey C, Adhikari P, Thummer RP. An Insight into DNA-free Reprogramming Approaches to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:286-313. [PMID: 30417242 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade ago, a pioneering study reported generation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of a cocktail of reprogramming factors in fibroblasts. This study has revolutionized stem cell research and has garnered immense interest from the scientific community globally. iPSCs hold tremendous potential for understanding human developmental biology, disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, and personalized cell-based therapeutic applications. The seminal study identified Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc as a potent combination of genes to induce reprogramming. Subsequently, various reprogramming factors were identified by numerous groups. Most of these studies have used integrating viral vectors to overexpress reprogramming factors in somatic cells to derive iPSCs. However, these techniques restrict the clinical applicability of these cells as they may alter the genome due to random viral integration resulting in insertional mutagenesis and tumorigenicity. To circumvent this issue, alternative integration-free reprogramming approaches are continuously developed that eliminate the risk of genomic modifications and improve the prospects of iPSCs from lab to clinic. These methods establish that integration of transgenes into the genome is not essential to induce pluripotency in somatic cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most promising DNA-free reprogramming techniques that have the potential to derive integration-free iPSCs without genomic manipulation, such as sendai virus, recombinant proteins, microRNAs, synthetic messenger RNA and small molecules. The understanding of these approaches shall pave a way for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs. Subsequently, these iPSCs can be differentiated into desired cell type(s) for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Poulomi Adhikari
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genova E, Cavion F, Lucafò M, Pelin M, Lanzi G, Masneri S, Ferraro RM, Fazzi EM, Orcesi S, Decorti G, Tommasini A, Giliani S, Stocco G. Biomarkers and Precision Therapy for Primary Immunodeficiencies: An
In Vitro
Study Based on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:358-367. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Genova
- PhD Course in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Federica Cavion
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Gaetana Lanzi
- ″Angelo Nocivelli” Institute for Molecular Medicine ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Stefania Masneri
- ″Angelo Nocivelli” Institute for Molecular Medicine ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Rosalba Monica Ferraro
- ″Angelo Nocivelli” Institute for Molecular Medicine ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Fazzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy
| | - Silvia Giliani
- ″Angelo Nocivelli” Institute for Molecular Medicine ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al Abbar A, Ngai SC, Nograles N, Alhaji SY, Abdullah S. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogramming Platforms and Applications in Cell Replacement Therapy. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:121-136. [PMID: 32368414 PMCID: PMC7194323 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated mature cells is one of the most promising technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. The ability to generate patient-specific iPSCs offers an invaluable reservoir of pluripotent cells, which could be genetically engineered and differentiated into target cells to treat various genetic and degenerative diseases once transplanted, hence counteracting the risk of graft versus host disease. In this context, we review the scientific research streams that lead to the emergence of iPSCs, the roles of reprogramming factors in reprogramming to pluripotency, and the reprogramming strategies. As iPSCs serve tremendous correction potentials for various diseases, we highlight the successes and challenges of iPSCs in cell replacement therapy and the synergy of iPSCs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing tools in therapeutics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al Abbar
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Nograles
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Educity, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Yusuf Alhaji
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim K, Gil M, Dayem AA, Choi S, Kang GH, Yang GM, Cho S, Jeong Y, Kim SJ, Seok J, Kwak HJ, Kumar Saha S, Kim A, Cho SG. Improved Isolation and Culture of Urine-Derived Stem Cells (USCs) and Enhanced Production of Immune Cells from the USC-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E827. [PMID: 32197458 PMCID: PMC7141314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of autologous adult stem cells is one of the essential prerequisites for human stem cell therapy. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are considered as desirable cell sources for cell therapy because donor-specific USCs are easily and non-invasively obtained from urine. Efficient isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods of USCs are necessary to increase their availability. Here, we developed a method for efficient isolation and expansion of USCs using Matrigel, and the rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632. The prepared USCs showed significantly enhanced migration, colony forming capacity, and differentiation into osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage. The USCs were successfully reprogramed into induced pluripotent stem cells (USC-iPSCs) and further differentiated into kidney organoid and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Using flavonoid molecules, the isolation efficiency of USCs and the production of HPCs from the USC-iPSCs was increased. Taken together, we present an improved isolation method of USCs utilizing Matrigel, a ROCK inhibitor and flavonoids, and enhanced differentiation of USC-iPSC to HPC by flavonoids. These novel findings could significantly enhance the use of USCs and USC-iPSCs for stem cell research and further application in regenerative stem cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sungha Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Yeojin Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Jaekwon Seok
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Hee Jeong Kwak
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fiedorowicz K, Rozwadowska N, Zimna A, Malcher A, Tutak K, Szczerbal I, Nowicka-Bauer K, Nowaczyk M, Kolanowski TJ, Łabędź W, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurpisz M. Tissue-specific promoter-based reporter system for monitoring cell differentiation from iPSCs to cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1895. [PMID: 32024875 PMCID: PMC7002699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes opens a new platform for modeling cardiac cell differentiation and disease or the development of new drugs. Progress in this field can be accelerated by high-throughput screening (HTS) technology combined with promoter reporter system. The goal of the study was to create and evaluate a responsive promoter reporter system that allows monitoring of iPSC differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. The lentiviral promoter reporter system was based on troponin 2 (TNNT2) and alpha cardiac actin (ACTC) with firefly luciferase and mCherry, respectively. The system was evaluated in two in vitro models. First, system followed the differentiation of TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-mCMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo from transduced iPSC line towards cardiomyocytes and revealed the significant decrease in both inserts copy number during the prolonged in vitro cell culture (confirmed by I-FISH, ddPCR, qPCR). Second, differentiated and contracting control cardiomyocytes (obtained from control non-reporter transduced iPSCs) were subsequently transduced with TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-CMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo lentiviruses to observe the functionality of obtained cardiomyocytes. Our results indicated that the reporter modified cell lines can be used for HTS applications, but it is essential to monitor the stability of the reporter sequence during extended cell in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tutak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Wojciech Łabędź
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Palladino A, Mavaro I, Pizzoleo C, De Felice E, Lucini C, de Girolamo P, Netti PA, Attanasio C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as Vasculature Forming Entities. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1782. [PMID: 31731464 PMCID: PMC6912734 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) pursues the ambitious goal to heal damaged tissues. One of the most successful TE approaches relies on the use of scaffolds specifically designed and fabricated to promote tissue growth. During regeneration the guidance of biological events may be essential to sustain vasculature neoformation inside the engineered scaffold. In this context, one of the most effective strategies includes the incorporation of vasculature forming cells, namely endothelial cells (EC), into engineered constructs. However, the most common EC sources currently available, intended as primary cells, are affected by several limitations that make them inappropriate to personalized medicine. Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC), since the time of their discovery, represent an unprecedented opportunity for regenerative medicine applications. Unfortunately, human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Endothelial Cells (hiPSC-ECs) still display significant safety issues. In this work, we reviewed the most effective protocols to induce pluripotency, to generate cells displaying the endothelial phenotype and to perform an efficient and safe cell selection. We also provide noteworthy examples of both in vitro and in vivo applications of hiPSC-ECs in order to highlight their ability to form functional blood vessels. In conclusion, we propose hiPSC-ECs as the preferred source of endothelial cells currently available in the field of personalized regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palladino
- CESMA—Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, University of Naples Federico II, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Mavaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, I-80137 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Biomaterials (CRIB) University of Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Pizzoleo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, I-80137 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Biomaterials (CRIB) University of Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena De Felice
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Carla Lucini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, I-80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, I-80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Biomaterials (CRIB) University of Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Attanasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, I-80137 Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Research in Biomaterials (CRIB) University of Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines NCCSi005A and NCCSi006A from CD4 +T cells of healthy individuals of Indian origin. Stem Cell Res 2019; 39:101506. [PMID: 31352200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-lines (iPSCs) of Indian origin NCCSi005A and NCCSi006A were established by reprogramming of CD4+T cells, isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two healthy female donors. Reprogramming was achieved using integration free, Sendai viral vector system expressing cocktail of transcription factors KOS, hc-MYC and hKLF4. Both the established cell-lines showed alkaline phosphatase activity, expressed stemness markers, exhibited normal female karyotype and displayed potential for tri-lineage differentiation. These two CD4+T cells derived cell-lines represent valuable resource as control iPSC cell lines of Indian origin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sfougataki I, Grafakos I, Varela I, Mitrakos A, Karagiannidou A, Tzannoudaki M, Poulou M, Mertzanian A, Roubelakis G. M, Stefanaki K, Traeger-Synodinos J, Kanavakis E, Kitra V, Tzetis M, Goussetis E. Reprogramming of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells from pediatric patients with hematological diseases using a commercial mRNA kit. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 76:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
21
|
Vosough M, Ravaioli F, Zabulica M, Capri M, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Piccand J, Kraus MRC, Kannisto K, Gramignoli R, Strom SC. Applying hydrodynamic pressure to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stem cells via reprogramming of centenarian skin fibroblasts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215490. [PMID: 31022207 PMCID: PMC6483185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-technology is an important platform in medicine and disease modeling. Physiological degeneration and disease onset are common occurrences in the aging population. iPSCs could offer regenerative medical options for age-related degeneration and disease in the elderly. However, reprogramming somatic cells from the elderly is inefficient when successful at all. Perhaps due to their low rates of replication in culture, traditional transduction and reprogramming approaches with centenarian fibroblasts met with little success. A simple and reproducible reprogramming process is reported here which enhances interactions of the cells with the viral vectors that leads to improved iPSC generation. The improved methods efficiently generates fully reprogrammed iPSC lines from 105-107 years old subjects in feeder-free conditions using an episomal, Sendai-Virus (SeV) reprogramming vector expressing four reprogramming factors. In conclusion, dermal fibroblasts from human subjects older than 100 years can be efficiently and reproducibly reprogrammed to fully pluripotent cells with minor modifications to the standard reprogramming procedures. Efficient generation of iPSCs from the elderly may provide a source of cells for the regeneration of tissues and organs with autologous cells as well as cellular models for the study of aging, longevity and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaela Zabulica
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Capri
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- CIG, Interdepartmental Center ‘L. Galvani’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- CIG, Interdepartmental Center ‘L. Galvani’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM, Unit. Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julie Piccand
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cells, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Kannisto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tarnawski L, Eugster E, DeCamp L, Jovinge S. The Efficacy and Safety ofSendaiViral Reprograming of Mouse Primary Cells Using Human Vectors. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:78-88. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Bioclinicum, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Stefan Jovinge
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program of Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
- Spectrum Health Frederik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
TFAP2C- and p63-Dependent Networks Sequentially Rearrange Chromatin Landscapes to Drive Human Epidermal Lineage Commitment. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:271-284.e8. [PMID: 30686763 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development results from lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) programming a dynamic chromatin landscape through progressive cell fate transitions. Here, we define epigenomic landscape during epidermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and create inference networks that integrate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and TF binding to define regulatory mechanisms during keratinocyte specification. We found two critical chromatin networks during surface ectoderm initiation and keratinocyte maturation, which are driven by TFAP2C and p63, respectively. Consistently, TFAP2C, but not p63, is sufficient to initiate surface ectoderm differentiation, and TFAP2C-initiated progenitor cells are capable of maturing into functional keratinocytes. Mechanistically, TFAP2C primes the surface ectoderm chromatin landscape and induces p63 expression and binding sites, thus allowing maturation factor p63 to positively autoregulate its own expression and close a subset of the TFAP2C-initiated surface ectoderm program. Our work provides a general framework to infer TF networks controlling chromatin transitions that will facilitate future regenerative medicine advances.
Collapse
|
24
|
McCaughey-Chapman A, Connor B. Human Cortical Neuron Generation Using Cell Reprogramming: A Review of Recent Advances. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1674-1692. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy McCaughey-Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haridhasapavalan KK, Borgohain MP, Dey C, Saha B, Narayan G, Kumar S, Thummer RP. An insight into non-integrative gene delivery approaches to generate transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene 2018; 686:146-159. [PMID: 30472380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade ago, a landmark study that reported derivation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming fibroblasts has transformed stem cell research attracting the interest of the scientific community worldwide. These cells circumvent the ethical and immunological concerns associated with embryonic stem cells, and the limited self-renewal ability and restricted differentiation potential linked to adult stem cells. iPSCs hold great potential for understanding basic human biology, in vitro disease modeling, high-throughput drug testing and discovery, and personalized regenerative medicine. The conventional reprogramming methods involving retro- and lenti-viral vectors to deliver reprogramming factors in somatic cells to generate iPSCs nullify the clinical applicability of these cells. Although these gene delivery systems are efficient and robust, they carry an enormous risk of permanent genetic modifications and are potentially tumorigenic. To evade these safety concerns and derive iPSCs for human therapy, tremendous technological advancements have resulted in the development of non-integrating viral- and non-viral approaches. These gene delivery techniques curtail or eliminate the risk of any genomic alteration and enhance the prospects of iPSCs from bench-to-bedside. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of non-integrating viral (adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, and Sendai virus vectors) and DNA-based, non-viral (plasmid transfection, minicircle vectors, transposon vectors, episomal vectors, and liposomal magnetofection) approaches that have the potential to generate transgene-free iPSCs. The understanding of these techniques could pave the way for the use of iPSCs for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bitan Saha
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Viral Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Connor B, Firmin E, McCaughey-Chapman A, Monk R, Lee K, Liot S, Geiger J, Rudolph C, Jones K. Conversion of adult human fibroblasts into neural precursor cells using chemically modified mRNA. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00918. [PMID: 30450440 PMCID: PMC6226601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming offers a unique approach by which to generate neural lineages for the study and treatment of neurological disorders. Our objective is to develop a clinically viable reprogramming strategy to generate neural precursor cells for the treatment of neurological disorders through cell replacement therapy. We initially developed a method for directly generating neural precursor cells (iNPs) from adult human fibroblasts by transient expression of the neural transcription factors, SOX2 and PAX6 using plasmid DNA. This study advances these findings by examining the use of chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) for direct-to-iNP reprogramming. Chemically modified mRNA has the benefit of being extremely stable and non-immunogenic, offering a clinically suitable gene delivery system. The use of SOX2 and PAX6 cmRNA resulted in high co-transfection efficiency and cell viability compared with plasmid transfection. Neural positioning and fate determinant genes were observed throughout reprogramming with ion channel and synaptic marker genes detected during differentiation. Differentiation of cmRNA-derived iNPs generated immature GABAergic or glutamatergic neuronal phenotypes in conjunction with astrocytes. This represents the first time a cmRNA approach has been used to directly reprogram adult human fibroblasts to iNPs, potentially providing an efficient system by which to generate human neurons for both research and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin Firmin
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy McCaughey-Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Monk
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Liot
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kathryn Jones
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schukking M, Miranda HC, Trujillo CA, Negraes PD, Muotri AR. Direct Generation of Human Cortical Organoids from Primary Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1549-1556. [PMID: 30142987 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of variations in human neurodevelopment and cognition is limited by the availability of experimental models. While animal models only partially recapitulate the human brain development, genetics, and heterogeneity, human-induced pluripotent stem cells can provide an attractive experimental alternative. However, cellular reprogramming and further differentiation techniques are costly and time-consuming and therefore, studies using this approach are often limited to a small number of samples. In this study, we describe a rapid and cost-effective method to reprogram somatic cells and the direct generation of cortical organoids in a 96-well format. Our data are a proof-of-principle that a large cohort of samples can be generated for experimental assessment of the human neural development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Schukking
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Helen C Miranda
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,3 Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California.,4 Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Foltz LP, Clegg DO. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling genetic retinal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 68:54-66. [PMID: 30217765 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human retina is a highly complex tissue that makes up an integral part of our central nervous system. It is astonishing that our retina works seamlessly to provide one of our most critical senses, and it is equally devastating when a disease destroys a portion of the retina and robs people of their vision. After decades of research, scientists are beginning to understand retinal cells in a way that can benefit the millions of individuals suffering from inherited blindness. This understanding has come about in part with the ability to culture human embryonic stem cells and the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be cultured from patients and used to model their disease. In this review, we highlight the successes of specific disease modelling studies and resulting molecular discoveries. The greatest strides in cellular modelling have come from mutations in genes with established and well-understood cellular functions in the context of the retina. We believe that the future of cellular modelling depends on emphasising reproducible production of retinal cell types, demonstrating functional rescue using site-specific programmable nucleases, and shifting towards unbiased screening using next generation sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah P Foltz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jara Avaca M, Gruh I. Bioengineered Cardiac Tissue Based on Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:117-146. [PMID: 29218360 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissue might enable novel therapeutic strategies for the human heart in a number of acquired and congenital diseases. With recent advances in stem cell technologies, namely the availability of pluripotent stem cells, the generation of potentially autologous tissue grafts has become a realistic option. Nevertheless, a number of limitations still have to be addressed before clinical application of engineered cardiac tissue based on human stem cells can be realized. We summarize current progress and pending challenges regarding the optimal cell source, cardiomyogenic lineage specification, purification, safety of genetic cell engineering, and genomic stability. Cardiac cells should be combined with clinical grade scaffold materials for generation of functional myocardial tissue in vitro. Scale-up to clinically relevant dimensions is mandatory, and tissue vascularization is most probably required both for preclinical in vivo testing in suitable large animal models and for clinical application. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jara Avaca
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omole AE, Fakoya AOJ. Ten years of progress and promise of induced pluripotent stem cells: historical origins, characteristics, mechanisms, limitations, and potential applications. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4370. [PMID: 29770269 PMCID: PMC5951134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 was heralded as a major breakthrough of the decade in stem cell research. The ability to reprogram human somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state through the ectopic expression of a combination of embryonic transcription factors was greeted with great excitement by scientists and bioethicists. The reprogramming technology offers the opportunity to generate patient-specific stem cells for modeling human diseases, drug development and screening, and individualized regenerative cell therapy. However, fundamental questions have been raised regarding the molecular mechanism of iPSCs generation, a process still poorly understood by scientists. The efficiency of reprogramming of iPSCs remains low due to the effect of various barriers to reprogramming. There is also the risk of chromosomal instability and oncogenic transformation associated with the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and lentivirus, which deliver the reprogramming transcription factors by integration in the host cell genome. These challenges can hinder the therapeutic prospects and promise of iPSCs and their clinical applications. Consequently, extensive studies have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanism of reprogramming and novel strategies have been identified which help to improve the efficiency of reprogramming methods and overcome the safety concerns linked with iPSC generation. Distinct barriers and enhancers of reprogramming have been elucidated, and non-integrating reprogramming methods have been reported. Here, we summarize the progress and the recent advances that have been made over the last 10 years in the iPSC field, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism of reprogramming, strategies to improve the efficiency of reprogramming, characteristics and limitations of iPSCs, and the progress made in the applications of iPSCs in the field of disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Additionally, this study appraises the role of genomic editing technology in the generation of healthy iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Ebenezer Omole
- Department of Basic Sciences, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Efficient differentiation of cardiomyocytes and generation of calcium-sensor reporter lines from nonhuman primate iPSCs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5907. [PMID: 29651156 PMCID: PMC5897327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) models are more predictive than rodent models for developing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based cell therapy, but robust and reproducible NHP iPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols are lacking for cardiomyopathies research. We developed a method to differentiate integration-free rhesus macaque iPSCs (RhiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes with >85% purity in 10 days, using fully chemically defined conditions. To enable visualization of intracellular calcium flux in beating cardiomyocytes, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to stably knock-in genetically encoded calcium indicators at the rhesus AAVS1 safe harbor locus. Rhesus cardiomyocytes derived by our stepwise differentiation method express signature cardiac markers and show normal electrochemical coupling. They are responsive to cardiorelevant drugs and can be successfully engrafted in a mouse myocardial infarction model. Our approach provides a powerful tool for generation of NHP iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes amenable to utilization in basic research and preclinical studies, including in vivo tissue regeneration models and drug screening.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thekkeparambil Chandrabose S, Sriram S, Subramanian S, Cheng S, Ong WK, Rozen S, Kasim NHA, Sugii S. Amenable epigenetic traits of dental pulp stem cells underlie high capability of xeno-free episomal reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559008 PMCID: PMC5859503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a shift towards non-viral and animal component-free methods of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is preferred for safer clinical applications, there is still a shortage of reliable cell sources and protocols for efficient reprogramming. METHODS Here, we show a robust episomal and xeno-free reprogramming strategy for human iPS generation from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which renders good efficiency (0.19%) over a short time frame (13-18 days). RESULTS The robustness of DPSCs as starting cells for iPS induction is found due to their exceptional inherent stemness properties, developmental origin from neural crest cells, specification for tissue commitment, and differentiation capability. To investigate the epigenetic basis for the high reprogramming efficiency of DPSCs, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and found that the epigenetic signature of DPSCs associated with pluripotent, developmental, and ecto-mesenchymal genes is relatively close to that of iPS and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among these genes, it is found that overexpression of PAX9 and knockdown of HERV-FRD improved the efficiencies of iPS generation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides underlying epigenetic mechanisms that establish a robust platform for efficient generation of iPS cells from DPSCs, facilitating industrial and clinical use of iPS technology for therapeutic needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Malaysia, 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nandal A, Mallon B, Telugu BP. Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System. J Vis Exp 2017:56260. [PMID: 29155789 PMCID: PMC5755356 DOI: 10.3791/56260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted for research in regenerative medicine and are currently in clinical trials for eye diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, and other disorders. The potential to differentiate into specialized cell types coupled with the recent advances in genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas system have provided additional opportunities for tailoring the genome of iPSC for varied applications including disease modeling, gene therapy, and biasing pathways of differentiation, to name a few. Among the available editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes has emerged as a tool of choice for site-specific editing of the eukaryotic genome. The CRISPRs are easily accessible, inexpensive, and highly efficient in engineering targeted edits. The system requires a Cas9 nuclease and a guide sequence (20-mer) specific to the genomic target abutting a 3-nucleotide "NGG" protospacer-adjacent-motif (PAM) for targeting Cas9 to the desired genomic locus, alongside a universal Cas9 binding tracer RNA (together called single guide RNA or sgRNA). Here we present a step-by-step protocol for efficient generation of feeder-independent and footprint-free iPSC and describe methodologies for genome editing of iPSC using the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The genome editing protocol is effective and can be easily multiplexed by pre-complexing sgRNAs for more than one target with the Cas9 protein and simultaneously delivering into the cells. Finally, we describe a simplified approach for identification and characterization of iPSCs with desired edits. Taken together, the outlined strategies are expected to streamline generation and editing of iPSC for manifold applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Nandal
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARS, USDA
| | - Barbara Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, Bethesda, National Institutes of Health
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARS, USDA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li S, Xue H, Schmitt K, Hergenroeder GW, Wu J, Zhang Y, Kim DH, Cao Q. Human neural progenitors derived from integration-free iPSCs for SCI therapy. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:55-64. [PMID: 28073086 PMCID: PMC5629634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potentially unlimited autologous cell source, patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide great capability for tissue regeneration, particularly in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, despite significant progress made in translation of iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to clinical settings, a few hurdles remain. Among them, non-invasive approach to obtain source cells in a timely manner, safer integration-free delivery of reprogramming factors, and purification of NPCs before transplantation are top priorities to overcome. In this study, we developed a safe and cost-effective pipeline to generate clinically relevant NPCs. We first isolated cells from patients' urine and reprogrammed them into iPSCs by non-integrating Sendai viral vectors, and carried out experiments on neural differentiation. NPCs were purified by A2B5, an antibody specifically recognizing a glycoganglioside on the cell surface of neural lineage cells, via fluorescence activated cell sorting. Upon further in vitro induction, NPCs were able to give rise to neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. To test the functionality of the A2B5+ NPCs, we grafted them into the contused mouse thoracic spinal cord. Eight weeks after transplantation, the grafted cells survived, integrated into the injured spinal cord, and differentiated into neurons and glia. Our specific focus on cell source, reprogramming, differentiation and purification method purposely addresses timing and safety issues of transplantation to SCI models. It is our belief that this work takes one step closer on using human iPSC derivatives to SCI clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Senator Lloyd & B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karl Schmitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgene W Hergenroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Senator Lloyd & B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Health Sciences, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Dong H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qilin Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Senator Lloyd & B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatol Int 2016; 11:54-69. [PMID: 27530815 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that coordinated expression of a limited number of genes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has opened novel possibilities for developing cell-based models of diseases and regenerative medicine utilizing cell reprogramming or cell transplantation. Directed differentiation of iPSCs can potentially generate differentiated cells belonging to any germ layer, including cells with hepatocyte-like morphology and function. Such cells, termed iHeps, can be derived by sequential cell signaling using available information on embryological development or by forced expression of hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors. In addition to the translational aspects of iHeps, the experimental findings have provided insights into the mechanisms of cell plasticity that permit one cell type to transition to another. However, iHeps generated by current methods do not fully exhibit all characteristics of mature hepatocytes, highlighting the need for additional research in this area. Here we summarize the current approaches and achievements in this field and discuss some existing hurdles and emerging approaches for improving iPSC differentiation, as well as maintaining such cells in culture for increasing their utility in disease modeling and drug development.
Collapse
|
36
|
Human iPSC for Therapeutic Approaches to the Nervous System: Present and Future Applications. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4869071. [PMID: 26697076 PMCID: PMC4677260 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4869071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases including stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and brain tumors are a significant cause of worldwide morbidity/mortality and yet do not have satisfying treatments. Cell-based therapy to restore lost function or to carry new therapeutic genes is a promising new therapeutic approach, particularly after human iPSCs became available. However, efficient generation of footprint-free and xeno-free human iPSC is a prerequisite for their clinical use. In this paper, we will first summarize the current methodology to obtain footprint- and xeno-free human iPSC. We will then review the current iPSC applications in therapeutic approaches for CNS regeneration and their use as vectors to carry proapoptotic genes for brain tumors and review their applications for modelling of neurological diseases and formulating new therapeutic approaches. Available results will be summarized and compared. Finally, we will discuss current limitations precluding iPSC from being used on large scale for clinical applications and provide an overview of future areas of improvement. In conclusion, significant progress has occurred in deriving iPSC suitable for clinical use in the field of neurological diseases. Current efforts to overcome technical challenges, including reducing labour and cost, will hopefully expedite the integration of this technology in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kishino Y, Seki T, Yuasa S, Fujita J, Fukuda K. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26650709 PMCID: PMC4692705 DOI: 10.3791/53225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohisa Seki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Qin Y, Gao WQ. Concise Review: Patient-Derived Stem Cell Research for Monogenic Disorders. Stem Cells 2015; 34:44-54. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; hanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; hanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bazley FA, Liu CF, Yuan X, Hao H, All AH, De Los Angeles A, Zambidis ET, Gearhart JD, Kerr CL. Direct Reprogramming of Human Primordial Germ Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Efficient Generation of Genetically Engineered Germ Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2634-48. [PMID: 26154167 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) share many properties with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and innately express several key pluripotency-controlling factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and LIN28. Therefore, PGCs may provide a simple and efficient model for studying somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), especially in determining the regulatory mechanisms that fundamentally define pluripotency. Here, we report a novel model of PGC reprogramming to generate iPSCs via transfection with SOX2 and OCT4 using integrative lentiviral. We also show the feasibility of using nonintegrative approaches for generating iPSC from PGCs using only these two factors. We show that human PGCs express endogenous levels of KLF4 and C-MYC protein at levels similar to embryonic germ cells (EGCs) but lower levels of SOX2 and OCT4. Transfection with both SOX2 and OCT4 together was required to induce PGCs to a pluripotent state at an efficiency of 1.71%, and the further addition of C-MYC increased the efficiency to 2.33%. Immunohistochemical analyses of the SO-derived PGC-iPSCs revealed that these cells were more similar to ESCs than EGCs regarding both colony morphology and molecular characterization. Although leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was not required for the generation of PGC-iPSCs like EGCs, the presence of LIF combined with ectopic exposure to C-MYC yielded higher efficiencies. Additionally, the SO-derived PGC-iPSCs exhibited differentiation into representative cell types from all three germ layers in vitro and successfully formed teratomas in vivo. Several lines were generated that were karyotypically stable for up to 24 subcultures. Their derivation efficiency and survival in culture significantly supersedes that of EGCs, demonstrating their utility as a powerful model for studying factors regulating pluripotency in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Bazley
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyndi F Liu
- 2 Department of Genecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuan Yuan
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiping Hao
- 5 JHMI Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core, High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo H All
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alejandro De Los Angeles
- 6 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston , Massachusetts.,7 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Harvard Stem Cell Institute , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- 3 Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,9 Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John D Gearhart
- 10 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,11 Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Candace L Kerr
- 2 Department of Genecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,12 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alves CJ, Dariolli R, Jorge FM, Monteiro MR, Maximino JR, Martins RS, Strauss BE, Krieger JE, Callegaro D, Chadi G. Gene expression profiling for human iPS-derived motor neurons from sporadic ALS patients reveals a strong association between mitochondrial functions and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:289. [PMID: 26300727 PMCID: PMC4523944 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to widespread motor neuron death, general palsy and respiratory failure. The most prevalent sporadic ALS form is not genetically inherited. Attempts to translate therapeutic strategies have failed because the described mechanisms of disease are based on animal models carrying specific gene mutations and thus do not address sporadic ALS. In order to achieve a better approach to study the human disease, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-differentiated motor neurons were obtained from motor nerve fibroblasts of sporadic ALS and non-ALS subjects using the STEMCCA Cre-Excisable Constitutive Polycistronic Lentivirus system and submitted to microarray analyses using a whole human genome platform. DAVID analyses of differentially expressed genes identified molecular function and biological process-related genes through Gene Ontology. REVIGO highlighted the related functions mRNA and DNA binding, GTP binding, transcription (co)-repressor activity, lipoprotein receptor binding, synapse organization, intracellular transport, mitotic cell cycle and cell death. KEGG showed pathways associated with Parkinson's disease and oxidative phosphorylation, highlighting iron homeostasis, neurotrophic functions, endosomal trafficking and ERK signaling. The analysis of most dysregulated genes and those representative of the majority of categorized genes indicates a strong association between mitochondrial function and cellular processes possibly related to motor neuron degeneration. In conclusion, iPSC-derived motor neurons from motor nerve fibroblasts of sporadic ALS patients may recapitulate key mechanisms of neurodegeneration and may offer an opportunity for translational investigation of sporadic ALS. Large gene profiling of differentiated motor neurons from sporadic ALS patients highlights mitochondrial participation in the establishment of autonomous mechanisms associated with sporadic ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrystian J Alves
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Jorge
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus R Monteiro
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Maximino
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Martins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgical Center of Functional Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM13, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Callegaro
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Chadi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang X, Yu Q, Huang Y, Song B, Chen Y, Gao X, He W, Sun X, Fan Y. Effects of Integrating and Non-Integrating Reprogramming Methods on Copy Number Variation and Genomic Stability of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131128. [PMID: 26131765 PMCID: PMC4488894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from differentiated somatic cells using defined factors and provide a renewable source of autologous cells for cell therapy. Many reprogramming methods have been employed to generate human iPSCs, including the use of integrating vectors and non-integrating vectors. Maintenance of the genomic integrity of iPSCs is highly desirable if the cells are to be used in clinical applications. Here, using the Affymetrix Cytoscan HD array, we investigated the genomic aberration profiles of 19 human cell lines: 5 embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, 6 iPSC lines derived using integrating vectors (“integrating iPSC lines”), 6 iPSC lines derived using non-integrating vectors (“non-integrating iPSC lines”), and the 2 parental cell lines from which the iPSCs were derived. The genome-wide copy number variation (CNV), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mosaicism patterns of integrating and non-integrating iPSC lines were investigated. The maximum sizes of CNVs in the genomes of the integrating iPSC lines were 20 times higher than those of the non-integrating iPSC lines. Moreover, the total number of CNVs was much higher in integrating iPSC lines than in other cell lines. The average numbers of novel CNVs with a low degree of overlap with the DGV and of likely pathogenic CNVs with a high degree of overlap with the ISCA (International Symposium on Computer Architecture) database were highest in integrating iPSC lines. Different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) calls revealed that, using the parental cell genotype as a reference, integrating iPSC lines displayed more single nucleotide variations and mosaicism than did non-integrating iPSC lines. This study describes the genome stability of human iPSCs generated using either a DNA-integrating or non-integrating reprogramming method, of the corresponding somatic cells, and of hESCs. Our results highlight the importance of using a high-resolution method to monitor genomic aberrations in iPSCs intended for clinical applications to avoid any negative effects of reprogramming or cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Kang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Bing Song
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xingcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wenyin He
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- * E-mail: (WH); (XS); (YF)
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- * E-mail: (WH); (XS); (YF)
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- * E-mail: (WH); (XS); (YF)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vollert I, Eder A, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T. Engineering Cardiovascular Regeneration. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-015-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
43
|
Revilla A, González C, Iriondo A, Fernández B, Prieto C, Marín C, Liste I. Current advances in the generation of human iPS cells: implications in cell-based regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 10:893-907. [PMID: 25758460 DOI: 10.1002/term.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells has proved to be one of the most potentially useful discoveries in regenerative medicine. iPSCs are becoming an invaluable tool to study the pathology of different diseases and for drug screening. However, several limitations still affect the possibility of applying iPS cell-based technology in therapeutic prospects. Most strategies for iPSCs generation are based on gene delivery via retroviral or lentiviral vectors, which integrate into the host's cell genome, causing a remarkable risk of insertional mutagenesis and oncogenic transformation. To avoid such risks, significant advances have been made with non-integrative reprogramming strategies. On the other hand, although many different kinds of somatic cells have been employed to generate iPSCs, there is still no consensus about the ideal type of cell to be reprogrammed. In this review we present the recent advances in the generation of human iPSCs, discussing their advantages and limitations in terms of safety and efficiency. We also present a selection of somatic cell sources, considering their capability to be reprogrammed and tissue accessibility. From a translational medicine perspective, these two topics will provide evidence to elucidate the most suitable combination of reprogramming strategy and cell source to be applied in each human iPSC-based therapy. The wide variety of diseases this technology could treat opens a hopeful future for regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Revilla
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara González
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Iriondo
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fernández
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Marín
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Novosadova EV, Grivennikov IA. Induced pluripotent stem cells: From derivation to application in biochemical and biomedical research. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1425-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791413001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
45
|
Schlaeger TM, Daheron L, Brickler TR, Entwisle S, Chan K, Cianci A, DeVine A, Ettenger A, Fitzgerald K, Godfrey M, Gupta D, McPherson J, Malwadkar P, Gupta M, Bell B, Doi A, Jung N, Li X, Lynes MS, Brookes E, Cherry ABC, Demirbas D, Tsankov AM, Zon LI, Rubin LL, Feinberg AP, Meissner A, Cowan CA, Daley GQ. A comparison of non-integrating reprogramming methods. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:58-63. [PMID: 25437882 PMCID: PMC4329913 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are useful in disease modeling and drug discovery, and they promise to provide a new generation of cell-based therapeutics. To date there has been no systematic evaluation of the most widely used techniques for generating integration-free hiPSCs. Here we compare Sendai-viral (SeV), episomal (Epi) and mRNA transfection mRNA methods using a number of criteria. All methods generated high-quality hiPSCs, but significant differences existed in aneuploidy rates, reprogramming efficiency, reliability and workload. We discuss the advantages and shortcomings of each approach, and present and review the results of a survey of a large number of human reprogramming laboratories on their independent experiences and preferences. Our analysis provides a valuable resource to inform the use of specific reprogramming methods for different laboratories and different applications, including clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten M Schlaeger
- 1] Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karrie Chan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia Cianci
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander DeVine
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Ettenger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly Fitzgerald
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Godfrey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jade McPherson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prerana Malwadkar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manav Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blair Bell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akiko Doi
- 1] Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Namyoung Jung
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Emily Brookes
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne B C Cherry
- 1] Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Didem Demirbas
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander M Tsankov
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- 1] Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- 1] Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Generation of pluripotent stem cells without the use of genetic material. J Transl Med 2015; 95:26-42. [PMID: 25365202 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a platform to obtain patient-specific cells for use as a cell source in regenerative medicine. Although iPSCs do not have the ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have not been widely used in clinical applications, as they are generated by gene transduction. Recently, iPSCs have been generated without the use of genetic material. For example, protein-induced PSCs and chemically induced PSCs have been generated by the use of small and large (protein) molecules. Several epigenetic characteristics are important for cell differentiation; therefore, several small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and histone demethylases, are potential candidates for the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs. In this review, we discuss what types of small chemical or large (protein) molecules could be used to replace the viral transduction of genes and/or genetic reprogramming to obtain human iPSCs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lieu PT. Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts with Non-integrating RNA Virus on Feeder-Free or Xeno-Free Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1330:47-54. [PMID: 26621588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2848-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in generating induced pluripotent stem cells have radically advanced the field of regenerative medicine by making possible the production of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. However, a major obstacle to the use of iPSC for therapeutic applications is the potential genomic modifications resulted from viral insertion of transgenes in the cellular genome. Second, the culture of iPSCs and adult cells often requires the use of animal products, which hinder the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs. We report here the generation of iPSCs by an RNA Sendai virus vector that does not integrate transgenes into the cell's genome. In addition, reprogramming can be performed on a feeder-free or xeno-free condition without containing animal products. Generation of an integrant-free iPSCs in these conditions will facilitate the studies of iPSCs in cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline T Lieu
- Global R&D, Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mormone E, D'Sousa S, Alexeeva V, Bederson MM, Germano IM. "Footprint-free" human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes for in vivo cell-based therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2626-36. [PMID: 24914471 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from somatic cells has enabled the possibility to provide patient-specific hiPSC for cell-based therapy, drug discovery, and other translational applications. Two major obstacles in using hiPSC for clinical application reside in the risk of genomic modification when they are derived with viral transgenes and risk of teratoma formation if undifferentiated cells are engrafted. In this study, we report the generation of "footprint-free" hiPSC-derived astrocytes. These are efficiently generated, have anatomical and physiological characteristics of fully differentiated astrocytes, maintain homing characteristics typical of stem cells, and do not give rise to teratomas when engrafted in the brain. Astrocytes can be obtained in sufficient numbers, aliquoted, frozen, thawed, and used when needed. Our results show the feasibility of differentiating astrocytes from "footprint-free" iPSC. These are suitable for clinical cell-based therapies as they can be induced from patients' specific cells, do not require viral vectors, and are fully differentiated. "Footprint-free" hiPSC-derived astrocytes represent a new potential source for therapeutic use for cell-based therapy, including treatment of high-grade human gliomas, and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mormone
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Induced pluripotent stem cells and their implication for regenerative medicine. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:171-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
50
|
Hu K. All roads lead to induced pluripotent stem cells: the technologies of iPSC generation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1285-300. [PMID: 24524728 PMCID: PMC4046204 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via the ectopic expression of reprogramming factors is a simple, advanced, yet often perplexing technology due to low efficiency, slow kinetics, and the use of numerous distinct systems for factor delivery. Scientists have used almost all available approaches for the delivery of reprogramming factors. Even the well-established retroviral vectors confuse some scientists due to different tropisms in use. The canonical virus-based reprogramming poses many problems, including insertional mutagenesis, residual expression and re-activation of reprogramming factors, uncontrolled silencing of transgenes, apoptosis, cell senescence, and strong immunogenicity. To eliminate or alleviate these problems, scientists have tried various other approaches for factor delivery and transgene removal. These include transient transfection, nonintegrating viral vectors, Cre-loxP excision of transgenes, excisable transposon, protein transduction, RNA transfection, microRNA transfection, RNA virion, RNA replicon, nonintegrating replicating episomal plasmids, minicircles, polycistron, and preintegration of inducible reprogramming factors. These alternative approaches have their own limitations. Even iPSCs generated with RNA approaches should be screened for possible transgene insertions mediated by active endogenous retroviruses in the human genome. Even experienced researchers may encounter difficulty in selecting and using these different technologies. This survey presents overviews of iPSC technologies with the intention to provide a quick yet comprehensive reference for both new and experienced reprogrammers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Insitute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|