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Farberg AS, Portela D, Sharma D, Kheterpal M. Evaluation of the Tolerability of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review of Treatment Strategies. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:779-794. [PMID: 38896403 PMCID: PMC11358199 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs) have broadened the treatment options available for patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) for whom traditional therapeutic approaches are not feasible or effective. Sonidegib and vismodegib are oral HHIs that were approved for treatment of patients with advanced BCC after demonstrating promising efficacy in the pivotal Phase II BOLT (NCT01327053) and ERIVANCE (NCT00833417) trials, respectively. However, the incidence and types of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) observed with these agents may limit continuous use of HHIs and ultimately impact clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the safety and tolerability profiles of sonidegib and vismodegib and discuss potential management strategies for HHI class-effect AEs, including muscle spasms, creatine phosphokinase increase, alopecia, and dysgeusia. These AEs primarily occur early in treatment and can lead to treatment discontinuation. Differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of sonidegib and vismodegib may contribute to the variability noted in times to onset and resolution of these and other AEs. Evidence suggests that protocol modifications, such as treatment interruptions and dose reductions, are effective ways to manage AEs while maintaining disease control. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions may also be considered as part of an AE management strategy. Overall, healthcare providers and patients with advanced BCC should be aware of the HHI class-effect AEs and plan effective management strategies to avoid treatment discontinuation and optimize therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Farberg
- Section of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White Health System, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Bare Dermatology, 2110 Research Row, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | | | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Meenal Kheterpal
- Department of Dermatology, Duke Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Lovett J, McColl RS, Durcan P, Vechetti I, Myburgh KH. Analysis of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicle characteristics and microRNA cargo following exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in men. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70056. [PMID: 39304515 PMCID: PMC11415274 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo is known to change in response to stimuli such as muscle damage. This study aimed to assess particle size, concentration and microRNA (miR) content within small EV-enriched separations prepared from human blood taken before and after unaccustomed eccentric-biased exercise-induced muscle damage. Nine male volunteers underwent plyometric jumping and downhill running, with blood samples taken at baseline, 2, and 24 h post-exercise. EVs were separated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and their characteristics evaluated by nanoparticle tracking. No changes in EV size or concentration were seen following the muscle-damaging exercise. Small RNA sequencing identified 240 miRs to be consistently present within the EVs. RT-qPCR analysis was performed: specifically, for known muscle-enriched/important miRs, including miR-1, -206, -133a, -133b, -31, -208b, -451a, -486 and - 499 and the immune-important miR-21, -146a and - 155. Notably, none of the immune-important miRs within the EVs tested changed in response to the muscle damage. Of the muscle-associated miRs tested, only the levels of miR-31-5p were seen to change with decreased levels at 24 h compared to baseline and 2 h, indicating involvement in the damage response. These findings shed light on the dynamic role of EV miRs in response to exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lovett
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Rhys S. McColl
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Peter Durcan
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Ivan Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Kathryn H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
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3
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James C, Dugan CW, Boyd C, Fournier PA, Arthur PG. Temporal tracking of cysteine 34 oxidation of plasma albumin as a biomarker of muscle damage following a bout of eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2639-2650. [PMID: 38627299 PMCID: PMC11365830 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little is known about the temporal profile of change in ROS post-EIMD and how ROS levels relate to the onset of and recovery from EIMD. Our primary aim was to examine the effect of EIMD on the pattern of change in the blood level of thiol-oxidised albumin, a marker of oxidative stress. METHODS Seven male participants were subjected on separate days to eccentric muscle contraction to cause EIMD or a no-exercise condition. After each session, the participants collected daily dried blood spots to measure thiol-oxidised albumin and returned to the laboratory every 2 days for the assessment of indirect markers of EIMD, namely maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin. RESULTS Eccentric exercise resulted in a significant decrease in MVC and increase in DOMS, CK, myoglobin, and thiol-oxidised albumin with the latter reaching above baseline level within 24-48 h post-exercise. All the markers of EIMD returned to baseline level within 6 days post-exercise, but not the level of thiol-oxidised albumin which remained elevated for 10 days after exercise. There was a moderate correlation between changes in thiol-oxidised albumin and DOMS, but no significant relationship between any other markers of muscle damage. CONCLUSION The levels of thiol-oxidised albumin increase in response to EIMD and remain elevated for several days post-exercise. The temporal pattern of change in the level of thiol-oxidised albumin suggests that this may be a useful biomarker of muscle repair post-EIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher James
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Cory W Dugan
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Corrin Boyd
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Paul A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Ren P, Zhou L, Xu Y, Chen M, Luo Z, Li J, Liu Y. Exercise Volume Provides New Insight into the Effects of Housing Systems on Chicken Body Conformation, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Serum Biochemical Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2387. [PMID: 39199922 PMCID: PMC11350860 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes in daily step counts under different housing systems and further explore the effects of housing system on the body conformation, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum biochemical parameters of a Chinese indigenous chicken breed. At 60 d of age, 300 Jiuyuan Black male chickens with similar body weights in each housing system were further raised until the age of 150 d. At 90, 120, and 150 d of age, in both cage-reared and free-range systems, the top 20 chickens with the highest step counts measured using pedometers and the bottom 20 chickens with the lowest step counts were designated as the cage high-steps group (CHS), the cage low-steps group (CLS), the free-range high-steps group (FHS), and the free-range low-steps group (FLS), respectively. The results show that, at any age stage, the average daily steps (ADS) and total steps (TS) of the FHS group are significantly higher than the other three groups (p < 0.05). The TS of almost all groups showed an overall downward trend as the age increased. Increased exercise volume results in reduced shank length (90 d), breast width (90 d), and keel length (150 d) (p < 0.05). Only birds at 90 d of age from the FHS and FLS groups exhibited lower live body weight, carcass weight, half-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, and percentage of eviscerated weight than the CLS group (p < 0.05). Birds from the FHS group showed the highest heart weight values but the lowest abdominal fat weight values among these four groups (p < 0.05). Both the breast and leg muscle samples from the FHS group displayed higher dry matter and shear force than those from the CHS and CLS groups (p < 0.05). The FHS group displayed the lowest intramuscular fat among the four groups (p < 0.05). The creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in chickens of all age stages were almost observed to rise with increased physical activity. In conclusion, free-range chickens with more exercise volume exhibited an elevated heart weight and reduced abdominal fat but showed negative effects on some body measurements and carcass traits. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of different housing systems for Chinese indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (P.R.); (M.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yibin 644600, China;
| | - Yingfeng Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Meiying Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (P.R.); (M.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengwei Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (P.R.); (M.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (P.R.); (M.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
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O'Connor FK, Doering TM, Chapman ND, Ritchie DM, Bartlett JD. A two-year examination of the relation between internal and external load and heart rate variability in Australian Rules Football. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:1400-1409. [PMID: 39206749 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2390238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and training load in team-sport is unknown. We therefore assessed relations between completed training-load in the previous 1-, 3- and 7-days and waking HRV in professional Australian Rules Football. Linear-mixed models analysed changes in HRV, considering training load from the previous 1-, 3- and 7-days. Total Distance (TD), distance >14.4 km ‧ h-1 (HSR) and >24.9 km ‧ h-1 (Sprint-Distance), duration >85% max heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion were included as independent variables. Sub-group analysis of season-phase and years of professional experience was also conducted. Increased three-day Sprint-Distance reduced HRV in the first 8-weeks of pre-season (-13.1 ms, p = 0.03) and across the data collection period (-3.75 ms, p = 0.01). In first-year players, higher previous-day (-63.3 ms, p=0.04) and seven-day TD (-38.2 ms, p = 0.02) reduced HRV, whilst higher seven-day HSR increased HRV (34.5 ms, p = 0.01). In players with five-to-seven years of professional experience, higher three-day (-14.4 ms, p = 0.02) and seven-day TD (-15.7 ms, p = 0.01) reduced HRV, while higher three-day HSR increased HRV (12.5 ms, p = 0.04). In players with greater than eight years of professional experience, higher previous-day Sprint-Distance reduced HRV (-13.1 ms, p < 0.008). Completed training load across the previous 7-days influences HRV, but the relation between variables is complex and influenced by professional experience and season-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus K O'Connor
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas M Doering
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Neil D Chapman
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dean M Ritchie
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
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Hennesy HM, Gravely ME, Alambarrio DA, Brannen SR, McDonald JJ, Devane SA, Turner KK, Stelzleni AM, O'Quinn TG, Gonzalez JM. Ability of Nicotinamide Riboside to Prevent Muscle Fatigue of Barrows Subjected to a Performance Test. Metabolites 2024; 14:424. [PMID: 39195520 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the daily dietary nicotinamide riboside (NR) dose required to maximize the delay of subjective muscle fatigue onset. Barrows (N = 100) were assigned to one of five treatments: a conventional swine finishing diet containing 0 (CON), 15 (15NR), 30 (30NR), 45 (45NR) mg·kg body weight-1·d-1 NR, or CON supplemented with 45 mg·kg body weight-1·d-1 NR by drench or cookie dough (DRE). All treatments were administered for the final 11 days of feeding. On supplementation d 10, barrows individually experienced a performance test at 1.09 m/s until they were subjectively exhausted. Wireless electromyography (EMG) sensors were affixed to the biceps femoris (BF), tensor fascia latae (TFL), and semitendinosus (ST) to measure real-time muscle activity. There were no treatment effects for barrow speed (p = 0.57), a tendency for a treatment effect (p = 0.07) for distance, and a treatment effect (p = 0.04) on time to exhaustion. Barrows of the 15NR and DRE treatments had greater (p = 0.05) distances to exhaustion than CON barrows but did not differ from other NR barrows (p > 0.11). Barrows in the 45NR treatment did not differ (p = 0.11) in distance from 30NR barrows but tended to have a greater (p = 0.07) distance compared to CON barrows. All other treatment comparisons did not differ (p > 0.27). Barrows in the DRE treatment moved for longer (p < 0.01) than CON barrows, but all other treatments did not differ from each other (p > 0.15). There was no treatment × period interaction for all muscles' root mean square (RMS) values (p > 0.16), but there were Period effects for all muscles (p < 0.01) and a Treatment effect (p = 0.04) in the TFL. For all muscles, period 4 had greater RMS values than all other periods (p < 0.01), who did not differ from each other (p > 0.29). In the TFL, CON barrows had greater RMS values during the performance test compared to all NR treatments (p < 0.02), who did not differ from each other (p > 0.18). Overall, NR demonstrates potential in being a useful tool in fatigue prevention, but efficient administration of the compound needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Hennesy
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Morgan E Gravely
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Daniela A Alambarrio
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Savannah R Brannen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan J McDonald
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sarah A Devane
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kari K Turner
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexander M Stelzleni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Travis G O'Quinn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - John M Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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7
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Minuzzi LG, Ferrauti A, Chupel MU, Hacker S, Weyh C, Valenzuela PL, Lucia A, Krüger K, Reichel T. Acute Inflammatory Response to Eccentric Exercise in Young and Master Resistance-trained Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2024. [PMID: 39068934 DOI: 10.1055/a-2348-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the acute inflammatory response following high-intensity eccentric exercise between resistance-trained young and master athletes with similar performance levels. Resistance-trained young (n=8; 22±2 years) and master (n=8; 52±4 years) male athletes of a similar performance level performed a standardized high-intensity eccentric squat exercise protocol (10 sets of half-squats at 70% of 1-repetition maximum). The serum concentration of 20 biomarkers related to tissue damage, inflammation, remodeling, and repair was measured at baseline, immediately after exercise, and over a 72 h recovery period. Both groups experienced similar muscle damage as evidenced by a comparable increase in creatine kinase activity 24 h after exercise (p<0.001). Interleukin-6 (p=0.009) and growth hormone (p<0.001) increased immediately post-exercise in both groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increased immediately post-exercise only in young athletes (p=0.003) and then decreased 24 h later. There were no significant differences for the remaining variables, including cell markers related to neutrophil/macrophage activation or pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Resistance-trained young and master athletes, matched for performance level, showed an overall similar inflammatory response to eccentric exercise, possibly reflecting regulatory mechanisms or immunological adaptations to chronic stimulation in master athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP Campus de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Matheus Uba Chupel
- Biological Sciences Platform - Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Michalak B, Kopiczko A, Gajda R, Adamczyk JG. Recovery effect of self-myofascial release treatment using different type of a foam rollers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15762. [PMID: 38982124 PMCID: PMC11233653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among athletes, foam rolling is popular technique of myofascial release aimed to support recovery processes and counteract delayed onset muscle soreness. However, there is no consensus on the optimal parameters of the roller texture used in the procedure. The study aimed to determine whether using rollers with different textures and hardness (smooth/soft, grooved/mid, serrated/hard) in myofascial release affects post-exertional restitution rate and the level of perceived DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) after intense anaerobic exercise. The study involved 60 healthy and physically active men randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (passive rest)-each consisting of 15 individuals: STH-rolling with a smooth roller; G-rolling with a grooved roller; TP-rolling with a serrated roller; Pass-passive rest group. After performing a exercise test (one-minute high-intensity squat), blood lactate (LA), creatine kinase (CK) and pain perception (VAS Scale) were monitored. The analysis of the average LA concentration in the blood 30 min post-exercise showed a statistical difference for all rolling groups compared to the passive rest group: STH (p < 0.001), G (p < 0.001), TP (p = 0.035). No statistically significant differences were found between the CK measurement results in individual assessments. Statistically significant differences in VAS values were observed between G (p = 0.013) and TP (p = 0.006) groups and the Pass group at 48 h, as well as between STH (p = 0.003); G (p = 0.001); TP (p < 0.001) groups and the Pass group at 72 h. Based on statistical data, a strong influence (η2 = 0.578) of time on the quadriceps VAS variable was noted. The research results confirm the effectiveness of rolling in supporting immediate and prolonged recovery. The conducted studies indicate a significantly better pace of post-exertional recovery after a rolling procedure lasting at least 120 s. The texture and hardness of the tool used did not matter with such a duration of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Michalak
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34 St., 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kopiczko
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34 St., 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gajda
- Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center in Pułtusk, 06-100, Pułtusk, Poland
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Prevention, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34 St., 00-968, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Blumkaitis JC, Nunes N, Strepp T, Tomaskovic A, Wenger M, Widauer H, Aglas L, Simon P, Stöggl TL, Haller N. Exploring sex differences in blood-based biomarkers following exhaustive exercise using bioinformatics analysis. Biol Sport 2024; 41:105-118. [PMID: 38952916 PMCID: PMC11167456 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.132998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of exercise testing on immunology markers, established blood-based biomarkers, and questionnaires in endurance athletes, with a focus on biological sex differences. Twenty-four healthy endurance-trained participants (16 men, age: 29.2± 7.6 years, maximal oxygen uptake (V ˙ O 2 max ): 59.4 ± 7.5 ml · min-1 · kg-1; 8 women, age: 26.8 ± 6.1 years,V ˙ O 2 max : 52.9 ± 3.1 ml · min-1 · kg-1) completed an incremental submaximal exercise test and a ramp test. The study employed exploratory bioinformatics analysis: mixed ANOVA, k-means clustering, and uniform manifold approximation and projection, to assess the effects of exhaustive exercise on biomarkers and questionnaires. Significant increases in biomarkers (lymphocytes, platelets, procalcitonin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA)) and fatigue were observed post-exercise. Furthermore, differences pre- to post-exercise were observed in cytokines, cfDNA, and other blood biomarkers between male and female participants. Three distinct groups of athletes with differing proportions of females (Cluster 1: 100% female, Cluster 2: 85% male, Cluster 3: 37.5% female and 65.5% male) were identified with k-means clustering. Specific biomarkers (e.g., interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-13, as well as cfDNA) served as primary markers for each cluster, potentially informing individualized exercise responses. In conclusion, our study identified exercise-sensitive biomarkers and provides valuable insights into the relationships between biological sex and biomarker responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Blumkaitis
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Natalia Nunes
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tilmann Strepp
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aleksandar Tomaskovic
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Wenger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah Widauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Leonhard Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nils Haller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Omran MM, Ibrahim AB, Abdelfattah R, Shouman SA, Hamza MS. Imatinib pharmacokinetics and creatine kinase levels in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: implications for therapeutic response and monitoring. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:1061-1068. [PMID: 38536418 PMCID: PMC11156749 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib treatment for certain cancers can lead to elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, potentially indicating muscle injury, and ongoing research aims to understand the correlation between imatinib levels and creatine kinase to assess its impact on treatment response. METHODS This single-center observational study involved 76 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving imatinib treatment, focusing on evaluating drug and metabolite levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) instrumentation. Serum CK and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels were assessed using Colorimetric kits. RESULTS CK and CK-MB levels were measured, CK showed a median value of 211.5 IU/l and CK-MB showed a median value of 4.4 IU/l. Comparing low and high CK groups, significant differences were found in peak and trough plasma concentrations of imatinib and its metabolites. Correlations between CK levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were explored, with notable associations identified. Binary logistic regression revealed predictors influencing the therapeutic response to imatinib and categorized expected CK levels into high or low, with peak levels of imatinib emerging as a significant predictor for CK level categorization. CONCLUSION The study highlights the link between imatinib's pharmacokinetics and elevated CK levels, indicating a possible correlation between specific metabolites and improved treatment response. Individualized monitoring of CK levels and imatinib pharmacokinetics could enhance care for CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
| | - Amel B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawia, Libya
| | - Raafat Abdelfattah
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Bielamowicz LP, Celestino ML, Menta PR, Fernandes L, Ballou M, Neves RC, Machado VS. Association of Bovine Respiratory Disease during the Pre-Weaning Period with Blood Cell Counts and Circulating Concentration of Metabolites, Minerals, and Acute Phase Proteins in Dairy Calves Transported to a Calf Raising Facility. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1909. [PMID: 38998021 PMCID: PMC11240304 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the association of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) occurring within the first 56 days of life with blood cell counts and the circulating concentration of metabolites, minerals, and acute phase proteins throughout the pre-weaning period in dairy calves transported to a heifer raising facility within their first week of life. Data from 305 calves transported from dairies in Minnesota to a calf raising facility in New Mexico within their first four days of life were used in this retrospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected at 7, 17, 34, and 56 days of life for the analysis of blood cell counts, biochemistry, and the concentration of acute phase proteins. Blood urea nitrogen, albumin, GLDH, CK, P, Na, K, Cl, Zn, Hp, SAA, and monocyte counts were associated with BRD status throughout or at least at one of the time points evaluated in this study. In conclusion, several hematological variables were associated with BRD status in dairy calves that underwent transportation stress in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Paige Bielamowicz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Maria Luiza Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Paulo R. Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Michael Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Rafael C. Neves
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Vinicius S. Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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12
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Ma K, Huang S, Ng KK, Lake NJ, Joseph S, Xu J, Lek A, Ge L, Woodman KG, Koczwara KE, Cohen J, Ho V, O'Connor CL, Brindley MA, Campbell KP, Lek M. Deep Mutational Scanning in Disease-related Genes with Saturation Mutagenesis-Reinforced Functional Assays (SMuRF). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.12.548370. [PMID: 37873263 PMCID: PMC10592615 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of disease-causing genetic variants remains a challenge in human genetics. Current costs and complexity of deep mutational scanning methods hamper crowd-sourcing approaches toward genome-wide resolution of variants in disease-related genes. Our framework, Saturation Mutagenesis-Reinforced Functional assays (SMuRF), addresses these issues by offering simple and cost-effective saturation mutagenesis, as well as streamlining functional assays to enhance the interpretation of unresolved variants. Applying SMuRF to neuromuscular disease genes FKRP and LARGE1, we generated functional scores for all possible coding single nucleotide variants, which aid in resolving clinically reported variants of uncertain significance. SMuRF also demonstrates utility in predicting disease severity, resolving critical structural regions, and providing training datasets for the development of computational predictors. Our approach opens new directions for enabling variant-to-function insights for disease genes in a manner that is broadly useful for crowd-sourcing implementation across standard research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ma
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shushu Huang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Equal second authors
| | - Kenneth K Ng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Equal second authors
| | - Nicole J Lake
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soumya Joseph
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jenny Xu
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keryn G Woodman
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Justin Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vincent Ho
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Senior Authors
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Senior Authors
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Senior Authors
- Lead Contact
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13
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Potter SN, Migliore B, Carter J, Copeland VR, Smith EC, Peay HL, Kucera KS. Age-Related Blood Levels of Creatine Kinase-MM in Newborns and Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Considerations for the Development of Newborn Screening Algorithms. Int J Neonatal Screen 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38920848 PMCID: PMC11203585 DOI: 10.3390/ijns10020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive disorder and the most common type of muscular dystrophy in children. As newborn screening (NBS) for DMD undergoes evaluation for the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel and is already mandated in multiple states, refining NBS algorithms is of utmost importance. NBS for DMD involves measuring creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM) concentration-a biomarker of muscle damage-in dried blood spots. The current test is FDA-approved for samples obtained less than 72 h after birth. Separate reference ranges are needed for samples collected later than 72 h after birth. In this study, we investigated the relationship between age and CK-MM in presumed healthy newborns to inform NBS algorithm designs. In patients with DMD, CK-MM is persistently elevated in childhood and adolescence, while it may be transiently elevated for other reasons in healthy newborns. CK-MM decrease over time was demonstrated by a population sample of 20,306 presumed healthy newborns tested between 0 and 60 days of life and repeat testing of 53 newborns on two separate days. In the population sample, CK-MM concentration was highest in the second 12 h period of life (median = 318 ng/mL) when only 57.6% of newborns tested below 360 ng/mL, the lowest previously published cutoff. By 72 h of age, median CK-MM concentration was 97 ng/mL, and 96.0% of infants had concentrations below 360 ng/mL. Between 72 h and 60 days, median CK-MM concentration ranged from 32 to 37 ng/mL. Establishing age-related cutoffs is crucial for optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of NBS for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nelson Potter
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Brooke Migliore
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Javan Carter
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Veronica R. Copeland
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Edward C. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Holly L. Peay
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Katerina S. Kucera
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 22709, USA; (S.N.P.); (B.M.); (J.C.); (V.R.C.); (H.L.P.)
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14
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Chen MT, Kuo YW, Lin JH, Hsu YC, Huang YY, Li CM, Tsai SY, Hsia KC, Ho HH, Huang CC. Efficacy of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LY-66 and Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in Enhancing Explosive Strength and Endurance: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1921. [PMID: 38931275 PMCID: PMC11206817 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are posited to enhance exercise performance by influencing muscle protein synthesis, augmenting glycogen storage, and reducing inflammation. This double-blind study randomized 88 participants to receive a six-week intervention with either a placebo, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LY-66, Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02, or a combination of both strains, combined with a structured exercise training program. We assessed changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), exercise performance, and gut microbiota composition before and after the intervention. Further analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of probiotics on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), muscle integrity, and inflammatory markers in the blood, 24 and 48 h post-intervention. The results demonstrated that all probiotic groups exhibited significant enhancements in exercise performance and attenuation of muscle strength decline post-exercise exhaustion (p < 0.05). Notably, PL-02 intake significantly increased muscle mass, whereas LY-66 and the combination therapy significantly reduced body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed an increase in beneficial bacteria, especially a significant rise in Akkermansia muciniphila following supplementation with PL-02 and LY-66 (p < 0.05). Overall, the combination of exercise training and supplementation with PL-02, LY-66, and their combination improved muscle strength, explosiveness, and endurance performance, and had beneficial effects on body composition and gastrointestinal health, as evidenced by data obtained from non-athlete participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- Committee on General Studies, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Yen-Yu Huang
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Ching-Min Li
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ko-Chiang Hsia
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (H.-H.H.)
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Tajen University, Pingtung 907101, Taiwan
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15
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Davis JF, Khan T, Thornton M, Reeves ND, DeLuca M, Mohagheghi AA. High Velocity Passive Stretching Mimics Eccentric Exercise in Cerebral Palsy and May Be Used to Increase Spastic Muscle Fascicle Length. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:608. [PMID: 38927844 PMCID: PMC11200552 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle fascicles are shorter and stiffer than normal in spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP). Increasing fascicle length (FL) has been attempted in CP, the outcomes of which have been unsatisfactory. In healthy muscles, FL can be increased using eccentric exercise at high velocities (ECC). Three conditions are possibly met during such ECC: muscle micro-damage, positive fascicle strain, and momentary muscle deactivation during lengthening. Participants with and without CP underwent a single bout of passive stretching at (appropriately) high velocities using isokinetic dynamometry, during which we examined muscle and fascicle behaviour. Vastus lateralis (VL) FL change was measured using ultrasonography and showed positive fascicle strain. Measures of muscle creatine kinase were used to establish whether micro-damage occurred in response to stretching, but the results did not confirm damage in either group. Vastus medialis (VM) and biceps femoris muscle activity were measured using electromyography in those with CP. Results supported momentary spastic muscle deactivation during lengthening: all participants experienced at least one epoch (60 ms) of increased activation followed by activation inhibition/deactivation of the VM during knee flexion. We argue that high-velocity passive stretching in CP provides a movement context which mimics ECC and could be used to increase spastic FL with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Davis
- Centre of Health, Physical Activity, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (J.F.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Tahir Khan
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK (M.T.)
| | - Matt Thornton
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK (M.T.)
| | - Neil D. Reeves
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK;
| | - Mara DeLuca
- Centre of Health, Physical Activity, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (J.F.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Amir A. Mohagheghi
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
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16
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Hsieh TJ, Chen PY, Wang HY, Wu CS, Liu LF, Wu KL, Kuo SM. Study on Anti-Inflammatory Effects of and Muscle Recovery Associated with Transdermal Delivery of Chaenomeles speciosa Extracts Using Supersonic Atomizer on Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:702. [PMID: 38929141 PMCID: PMC11201272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive motion or exercise is associated with oxidative stress and muscle inflammation, which can lead to declining grip strength and muscle damage. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be extracted from Chaenomeles speciosa through ultrasonic sonication. We investigated the association between grip strength declines and muscle damage induced by lambda carrageenan (LC) injection and exercise exposure in rats. We also assessed the reparative effects of transdermal pretreatment and post-treatment with C. speciosa extracts (CSEs) by using a supersonic atomizer. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CSEs for cells was 10.5 mg/mL. CSEs significantly reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) in in vitro cell tests. Rats subjected to LC injection and 6 weeks of exercise exhibited significantly increased inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed inflammatory cell infiltration and evident muscle damage in the gastrocnemius muscle, which exhibited splitting and the appearance of the endomysium and perimysium. The treated rats' grip strength significantly declined. Following treatment with CSEs, the damaged muscles exhibited decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and normal morphologies. Moreover, grip strength significantly recovered. Pretreatment with CSEs yielded an immediate and significant increase in grip strength, with an increase of 180% and 165% occurring in the rats exposed to LC injection and exercise within the initial 12 h period, respectively, compared with the control group. Pretreatment with CSEs delivered transdermally using a supersonic atomizer may have applications in sports medicine and training or competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Pin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Wang
- Department of Sports Technology and Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Shien Wu
- Center of General Education, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Lieh Wu
- YJ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 105037, Taiwan;
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
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17
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Makaje N, Ruangthai R, Sae-Tan S. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Cycling High Intensity Interval Training in Overweight or Obese Males. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:317-325. [PMID: 38841630 PMCID: PMC11149071 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
People with overweight or obesity preferred high-intensity interval training (HIIT) due to the time-efficiency and pleasure. However, HIIT leads to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on DOMS, muscle damage, and acute inflammatory markers induced by cycling HIIT in untrained males with overweight or obesity. A randomized, double-blinded study was used in the present study. Twenty-four males with a sedentary lifestyle were randomly assigned to either receive omega-3 (O3) (4 g fish oil) or placebo (Con). Subjects consumed the capsules for 4 weeks and performed cycling HIIT at the 4th week. After 4 weeks-intervention, the omega-3 index of O3 group increased by 52.51% compared to the baseline. All subjects performed HIIT at 4th week. The plasma creatine kinase (CK) level of Con group increased throughout 48h after HIIT. While the CK level of O3 group increased only immediately and 24h after HIIT and decreased at 48h after HIIT. The white blood cell count (WBC) of Con group increased immediately after the HIIT, while O3 group did not show such increase. There was no change of CRP in both groups. O3 group had a higher reduction of calf pain score compared to Con group. O3 group also showed a recovery of leg strength faster than Con group. Omega-3 supplementation for 4 weeks lower increased CK level, reduced calf pain score, and recovery leg strength, DOMS markers after cycling HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niromlee Makaje
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratree Ruangthai
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudathip Sae-Tan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Łapiński M, Żarnovsky K, Czarzasta K, Maciąg B, Maciąg G, Adamska O, Mamcarz A, Stolarczyk A. Bone turnover markers and muscle decay indicator in patients with proximal femur fracture - a case-control study. Reumatologia 2024; 62:121-127. [PMID: 38799774 PMCID: PMC11114133 DOI: 10.5114/reum/187096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fracture of the proximal femur is common in elderly patients, in fact threatening their lives. Age-related sarcopenia may be involved in the imbalance resulting in the injury. Handy and readily accessible biochemical tests would be useful to assess the musculoskeletal system condition in daily practice. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any relation between muscle decay and fracture of the proximal femur and to assess bone quality in elderly patients. Material and methods In the study 22 patients who represented the treatment group were hospitalized due to proximal femur fracture. Eighteen patients from the control group with no fracture in their history were admitted to the Internal Medicine Department. Anyone treated for osteoporosis, immune disease affecting protein balance, neoplasm, mental illness, heart failure, or myocardial infarction was excluded from the study. In every case a blood sample from an elbow vein was drawn, collected in EDTA-K2 tubes, and then centrifuged to separate plasma from the whole blood. Subsequently, the concentrations of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and creatine kinase (CK) in plasma were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The CK plasma concentration differed between the patient groups (p = 0.011). The SHBG plasma concentration was significantly higher in the treatment group (p = 0.006), whereas a slight difference in CTX-I plasma concentration between the groups was found (p = 0.038). No significant correlations between plasma CK, SHBG or CTX-I were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions Creatine kinase is actually not an appropriate marker for the clinical assessment of muscle tissue quality in patients with or at risk of proximal femur fracture. Analyzing the quality of bone tissue, we can conclude it was poorer in patients with proximal femur fracture than in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Łapiński
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Żarnovsky
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Maciąg
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Maciąg
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Adamska
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Mamcarz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C. Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5210. [PMID: 38791248 PMCID: PMC11121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in cellular responses to physical exercises, such as changes in receptor expression and blood cell activity, improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the body's response to intense physical activity. This study focuses on the changes in levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cellular response in the context of post-exercise immune response. Both the direction of changes in cytokine levels and cellular responses of the body, such as proliferation and expression of surface markers on lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, show cross-functional similarities. This review reveals that horses are robust research models for studying the immune response to physical exercise in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izabela Dąbrowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jowita Grzędzicka
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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20
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Freeman E, Langlois S, Leyba MF, Ammar T, Léger Z, McMillan HJ, Renaud JM, Jasmin BJ, Cowan KN. Pannexin 1 dysregulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and its exacerbation of dystrophic features in mdx mice. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:8. [PMID: 38671506 PMCID: PMC11046831 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with impaired muscle regeneration, progressive muscle weakness, damage, and wasting. While the cause of DMD is an X-linked loss of function mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin, the exact mechanisms that perpetuate the disease progression are unknown. Our laboratory has demonstrated that pannexin 1 (Panx1 in rodents; PANX1 in humans) is critical for the development, strength, and regeneration of male skeletal muscle. In normal skeletal muscle, Panx1 is part of a multiprotein complex with dystrophin. We and others have previously shown that Panx1 levels and channel activity are dysregulated in various mouse models of DMD. METHODS We utilized myoblast cell lines derived from DMD patients to assess PANX1 expression and function. To investigate how Panx1 dysregulation contributes to DMD, we generated a dystrophic (mdx) mouse model that lacks Panx1 (Panx1-/-/mdx). In depth characterization of this model included histological analysis, as well as locomotor, and physiological tests such as muscle force and grip strength assessments. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that PANX1 levels and channel function are reduced in patient-derived DMD myoblast cell lines. Panx1-/-/mdx mice have a significantly reduced lifespan, and decreased body weight due to lean mass loss. Their tibialis anterior were more affected than their soleus muscles and displayed reduced mass, myofiber loss, increased centrally nucleated myofibers, and a lower number of muscle stem cells compared to that of Panx1+/+/mdx mice. These detrimental effects were associated with muscle and locomotor functional impairments. In vitro, PANX1 overexpression in patient-derived DMD myoblasts improved their differentiation and fusion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that PANX1/Panx1 dysregulation in DMD exacerbates several aspects of the disease. Moreover, our results suggest a potential therapeutic benefit to increasing PANX1 levels in dystrophic muscles.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Male
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Muscle Strength
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Freeman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Langlois
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Marcos F Leyba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tarek Ammar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zacharie Léger
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle N Cowan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Pediatric General Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Room 3360, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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21
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Talebi S, Mohammadi H, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Arab A, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Ghoreishy SM, Abbaspour Tehrani Fard M, Amiri Khosroshahi R, Djafarian K. Nutritional interventions for exercise-induced muscle damage: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:639-653. [PMID: 37460208 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Several meta-analyses have been conducted on the effect of nutritional interventions on various factors related to muscle damage. However, the strength of the evidence and its clinical significance are unclear. OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aimed to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions for exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched up to May 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating nutritional interventions' effects on recovery following EIMD were included. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS Fifty-three randomized controlled trial meta-analyses were included, evaluating 24 nutritional interventions on 10 different outcomes. The results revealed a significant effect of hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and l-carnitine supplementation for reducing postexercise creatine kinase; HMB supplementation for reducing lactate dehydrogenase; branched-chain amino acids and leaf extract supplementation for reducing the delayed onset of muscle soreness; and l-carnitine, curcumin, ginseng, polyphenols, and anthocyanins for reducing muscle soreness, all with moderate certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with HMB, l-carnitine, branched-chain amino acids, curcumin, ginseng, leaf extract, polyphenols, and anthocyanins showed favorable effects on some EIMD-related outcomes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022352565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbaspour Tehrani Fard
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Sládečková B, Botek M, Krejčí J, Valenta M, McKune A, Neuls F, Klimešová I. Hydrogen-rich water supplementation promotes muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1321160. [PMID: 38681143 PMCID: PMC11046232 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1321160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Molecular hydrogen has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ergogenic, and recovery-enhancing effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of molecular hydrogen administration on muscle performance, damage, and perception of soreness up to 24 h of recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers. Methods: Eight females (mean ± SD; age 21.5 ± 5.0 years, maximal oxygen consumption 45.0 ± 2.5 mL.kg-1.min-1) and four males (age 18.9 ± 1.3 years, maximal oxygen consumption 52.2 ± 1.7 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed 12 × 50 m sprints in the morning session and a 400 m competitive performance in the afternoon session. Participants consumed hydrogen-rich water (HRW) or placebo 3 days before the sessions (1,260 mL/day) and 2,520 mL on the experimental day. Muscle performance (countermovement jump), muscle damage (creatine kinase), and muscle soreness (100 mm visual analogue scale) were measured during the experimental day and at 12 and 24 h after the afternoon session. Results: HRW compared to placebo reduced blood activity of creatine kinase (156 ± 63 vs. 190 ± 64 U.L-1, p = 0.043), muscle soreness perception (34 ± 12 vs. 42 ± 12 mm, p = 0.045), and improved countermovement jump height (30.7 ± 5.5 cm vs. 29.8 ± 5.8 cm, p = 0.014) at 12 h after the afternoon session. Conclusion: Four days of HRW supplementation is a promising hydration strategy for promoting muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05799911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sládečková
- Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Botek
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jakub Krejčí
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Valenta
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Faculty of Health, UC-Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Filip Neuls
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Iva Klimešová
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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23
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Afriyie DK, Ameyaw EO, Henneh IT, Asare G, Ofori-Atta E, Amponsah SK, Appiah-Opong R. Acute Oral Toxicological Profile of Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. Aqueous Stem Extract, a Herbal Treatment for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2024; 2024:7526701. [PMID: 38962425 PMCID: PMC11221977 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7526701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. is a traditional medicinal plant frequently employed in Ghana for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the acute oral toxicity of the aqueous stem extract of Croton membranaceus (CMASE) in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. The acute toxicity of CMASE was evaluated using S-D rats randomly divided into four groups of five animals each. Three groups (low dose, median dose, and high dose) of rats received single oral doses of CMASE (1000, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg body weight, respectively) using an oral gavage. The control group was given distilled water. After 14 days of daily observations, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were conducted on the rats. From the results obtained, doses of CMASE up to 5000 mg/kg did not cause death or induce any clinical indications of toxicity during the study period. Also, the mean body weight and the hematological indices assessed were not significantly affected by the various doses of CMASE compared to the control group. However, serum uric acid and creatinine levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001) 14 days after the extract administration. Serum liver function enzyme levels, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), and serum proteins (total proteins and albumin) exhibited significant (p < 0.001) non dose-dependent changes (increases and decreases) in treated groups compared to the controls. Other biochemical indices, however, did not differ significantly between the treated groups and the controls. The gross pathological and histological analysis of the heart, liver, and kidney tissues did not reveal any significant changes in histoarchitecture. The oral LD50 of CMASE in rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating that the extract was relatively safe. It must, however, be used with care as a substitute for the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwame Afriyie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Tabiri Henneh
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - George Asare
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Ofori-Atta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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24
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Liakou CA, Fatouros IG, Poulios A, Tsatalas T, Karampina E, Karanika P, Kaloudi D, Rosvoglou A, Tsimeas P, Kamperi A, Syrou N, Gatsas A, Papanikolaou K, Draganidis D, Tsaklis P, Giakas G, Jamurtas AZ, Deli CK. Recovery kinetics following sprint training: resisted versus unresisted sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:881-896. [PMID: 37776346 PMCID: PMC10879260 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the recovery kinetics of performance and exercise-induced muscle damage following different sprint-training protocols. METHODS In a crossover design, ten male and female athletes (20.6 ± 2.4 years) performed 2 × (3 × 20 m: 2 min rest) and 1× (3 × 30 m: 3 min rest) of: (a) unresisted sprints (UST), (b) resisted sprints with 10% of body mass (BM) load (RST10), (c) resisted sprints with 20% BM load (RST20), against a control trial (no-training). RESULTS Blood lactate (mmol/L) increased post-training versus pre-training in all sprint-training trials (6.7 ± 2.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 2.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.3, 7.3 ± 2.7 vs 1.2 ± 0.3, in UST, RST10, RST20, respectively), as did creatine kinase (U/L) 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-training (UST: 251 ± 173, 238 ± 154, 209 ± 115 vs 155 ± 9, RST10: 252 ± 134, 240 ± 83, 218 ± 103 vs 164 ± 106; RST20: 237 ± 133, 323 ± 303, 262 ± 184 vs 179 ± 106, respectively). DOMS of knee-extensors (KE) and knee-flexors (KF) increased post-training up to 72 h in all sprint-training trials versus pre-training (ranging from 1.6 ± 1.3 to 3.8 ± 2.8 vs 1.0 ± 0, respectively). Eccentric torque (N m) of the KE of the non-dominant limb, decreased 24 h post-training versus pre-training in all sprint-training trials (UST: 249 ± 49 vs 266 ± 54; RST10: 229 ± 52 vs 273 ± 72; RST20: 253 ± 6 vs 262 ± 56), as did that of the KF of the dominant limb (UST: 135 ± 29 vs 144 ± 26; RST10: 130 ± 29 vs 140 ± 25; RST20: 139 ± 33 vs 142 ± 26). 10-m sprint-time (s) increased 48 h post-training versus pre-training (1.81 ± 0.15 vs 1.77 ± 0.11), and 30-m sprint-time increased 24 h, 48 h, 72 h post-training versus pre-training (4.35 ± 0.36, 4.40 ± 0.44, 4.33 ± 0.41 vs 4.21 ± 0.34, respectively), only in RST20. CONCLUSIONS Unresisted and resisted sprint-training induces prolonged reduction of muscle strength (24 h), and sprinting performance (72 h), associated with prolonged increase of DOMS and CK (72 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Liakou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Evangeli Karampina
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiota Karanika
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Despoina Kaloudi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Anastasia Rosvoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Anna Kamperi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Niki Syrou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Gatsas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsaklis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Giannis Giakas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece.
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25
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Mohamad Ishak NS, Kikuchi M, Ikemoto K. Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone hinders aging progression in male mice and D-galactose-induced cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1351860. [PMID: 38487591 PMCID: PMC10938241 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1351860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Understanding and promoting healthy aging has become a necessity in the modern world, where life expectancy is rising. The prospective benefits of the antioxidant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in healthy aging are promising. However, its role in aging remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PQQ on preventing the progression of aging and to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Naturally aged C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal diet with or without PQQ (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance at weeks 0 and 8. The integument conditions were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Muscle strength and function were examined at week 8. At the ninth week, computed tomography images of the mice were captured, and blood and tissue samples were collected. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the gastrocnemius muscle were measured, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the soleus muscle was examined. Additionally, a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced cell aging model was used to study the effects of PQQ intervention on cell proliferation, senescence, differentiation, ROS levels, and mitochondrial function in myoblasts (C2C12). Cell proliferation and monolayer permeability of D-gal-induced intestinal epithelial cells (IEC6) were also examined. Results: Aged mice suffered from malnutrition; however, PQQ supplementation ameliorated this effect, possibly by improving metabolic dysfunction and small intestinal performance. PQQ prevented rapid loss of body fat and body fluid accumulation, attenuated muscle atrophy and weakening, reduced chronic inflammation in skeletal muscles, and improved skin and coating conditions in aged mice. Furthermore, PQQ intervention in D-gal-treated C2C12 cells improved mitochondrial function, reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and senescence, and enhanced cell differentiation, consequently preventing age-related muscle atrophy. In addition, PQQ increased cell proliferation in D-gal-treated IEC6 cells and consequently improved intestinal barrier function. Conclusion: PQQ could hinder the aging process and particularly attenuate muscle atrophy, and muscle weakness by improving mitochondrial function, leading to reduced age-related oxidative stress and inflammation in muscles. PQQ may also ameliorate malnutrition caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction by enhancing IEC proliferation. This study provides evidence for the role of PQQ in aging and suggests that PQQ may be a potential nutritional supplementation that can be included in healthy aging strategies.
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26
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Clayton DJ, Burbeary R, Parker C, James RM, Saward C, Procter EL, Mode WJA, Baker C, Hough J, Williams NC, Rossington H, Varley I. Combined Turmeric, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D Ready-to-Drink Supplements Reduce Upper Respiratory Illness Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Discomfort in Elite Male Football Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:243. [PMID: 38257136 PMCID: PMC10819629 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Elite football is associated with the increased risk of illness, although targeted supplementation can reduce illness risk. This study assessed the effects of a supplement containing turmeric root within a black pepper and fat-soluble blend, vitamin C and vitamin D, on upper respiratory symptoms (URS), gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), muscle soreness, and markers of inflammation and gut permeability in elite male footballers. Twenty-three footballers completed 3 weeks of no intervention (CON), followed by 16 weeks of daily consuming 60 mL of a commercially available supplement containing raw turmeric root (17.5 g, estimated to contain 700 mg of curcumin), vitamin C (1000 mg), and vitamin D3 (3000 IU/75 mcg) (SUP). URS and GIS were measured daily. Immediately (0 h), 40, and 64 h after six competitive matches (two in CON, four in SUP), the subjective soreness and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase [CK], c-reactive protein [CRP], and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein [I-FABP] were assessed. URS incidence (p < 0.001), GIS (p < 0.05), and plasma [I-FABP] at 0 h (p < 0.05) were greater during CON versus SUP. At 40 h, [CRP] was greater than 0 h during CON (p < 0.01) but not SUP (p = 0.204). There were no differences in soreness or [CK]. This study indicates that turmeric root, vitamin C, and vitamin D supplementation over 16 weeks can reduce URS, GIS, and post-match [I-FABP] in elite footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Clayton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Ross Burbeary
- Derby County Football Club, Pride Park, Derby DE24 8XL, UK;
| | - Connor Parker
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Ruth M. James
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Chris Saward
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Eleanor L. Procter
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - William J. A. Mode
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Carla Baker
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - John Hough
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | - Neil C. Williams
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
| | | | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (C.P.); (R.M.J.); (C.S.); (E.L.P.); (W.J.A.M.); (C.B.); (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (I.V.)
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Kim A, Kim YR, Park SM, Lee H, Park M, Yi JM, Cha S, Kim NS. Jakyak-gamcho-tang, a decoction of Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, ameliorates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155057. [PMID: 37984121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic treatment with glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, is frequently associated with muscle atrophy, effective and safe therapeutics for treating muscle atrophy remain elusive. Jakyak-gamcho-tang (JGT), a decoction of Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has long been used to relieve muscle tension and control muscle cramp-related pain. However, the effects of JGT on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy are yet to be comprehensively clarified. PURPOSE The objective of the current study was to validate the protective effect of JGT in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy models and elucidate its underlying mechanism through integrated in silico - in vitro - in vivo studies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Differential gene expression was preliminarily analyzed using the RNA-seq data to determine the effects of JGT on C2C12 myotubes. The protective effects of JGT were further validated in dexamethasone-treated C2C12 myotubes by assessing cell viability, myotube integrity, and mitochondrial function or in C57BL/6 N male mice with dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by evaluating muscle mass and physical performance. Transcriptomic pathway analysis was also performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Based on preliminary gene set enrichment analysis using the RNA-seq data, JGT regulated various pathways related to muscle differentiation and regeneration. Dexamethasone-treated C2C12 myotubes and muscle tissues of atrophic mice displayed substantial muscle protein degradation and muscle loss, respectively, which was efficiently alleviated by JGT treatment. Importantly, JGT-mediated protective effects were associated with observations such as preservation of mitochondrial function, upregulation of myogenic signaling pathways, including protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/forkhead box O3, inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein breakdown, and downregulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways induced by dexamethasone. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that JGT could be a potential pharmaceutical candidate to prevent muscle atrophy induced by chronic glucocorticoid treatment, highlighting its known effects for relieving muscle spasms and pain. Moreover, transcriptomic pathway analysis can be employed as an efficient in silico tool to predict novel pharmacological candidates and elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of herbal medications comprising diverse biologically active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyung Kim
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Musun Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mu Yi
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Cha
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - No Soo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Quinlivan R, Murphy E, Pula S, Pain A, Brain H, Scopes G, Gjika F, Ahmadouk N, Manole A, Houlden H. Raised CK and acute kidney injury following intense exercise in three patients with a history of exercise intolerance due to homozygous mutations in SLC2A9. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 34:49-53. [PMID: 38150892 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute rhabdomyolysis (AR) leading to acute kidney injury has many underlying etiologies, however, when the primary trigger is exercise, the most usual underlying cause is either a genetic muscle disorder or unaccustomed intense exercise in a healthy individual. Three adult men presented with a history of exercise intolerance and episodes of acute renal impairment following intense exercise, thought to be due to AR in the case of two, and dehydration in one. The baseline serum CK was mildly raised between attacks in all three patients and acutely raised during attacks in two of the three patients. Following referral to a specialized neuromuscular centre, further investigation identified very low serum urate (<12 umol/L). In all three men, genetic studies confirmed homozygous mutations in SLC2A9, which encodes for facilitated glucose transporter member 9 (GLUT9), a major regulator of urate homeostasis. Hereditary hypouricaemia should be considered in people presenting with acute kidney injury related to intense exercise. Serum urate evaluation is a useful screening test best undertaken after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, UK
| | - Shpresa Pula
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pain
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Henrietta Brain
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Grace Scopes
- University of Buckingham, Stoke Mandeville, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Frenki Gjika
- University of Buckingham, Stoke Mandeville, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Naim Ahmadouk
- Department of Acute and General Medicine, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury UK
| | - Andreea Manole
- Department of neurogenetics, UCL Institute of Neurology, National hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of neurogenetics, UCL Institute of Neurology, National hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
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Lu YH, Huang YF, Hsieh CP, Chen JK, Chen HY, Chuang SM. Betulin Accelerated the Functional Recovery of Injured Muscle in a Mouse Model of Muscle Contusion. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:37-44. [PMID: 38164348 PMCID: PMC10750331 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.87649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle contusion is an injury to muscle fibers and connective tissues. It commonly happens in impact events, and could result in pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Diclofenac is one of commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to alleviate pain and inflammation after injury. However, it can potentially cause some side effects including gastrointestinal complications and allergy. Betulin is a lupine-type pentacyclic triterpenoid. It is showed to have valuable pharmacological effects, but the physiological effect of betulin on muscle contusion has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of betulin on muscle contusion that produced by the drop-mass method in mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control (no injury), only drop-mass injury (Injury), diclofenac treatment (Injury+diclofenac), and betulin treatment (Injury+betulin) groups. Injury was executed on the gastrocnemius of the right hind limb, and then phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), diclofenac, or betulin were oral gavage administrated respectively for 7 days. Results revealed that betulin significantly restored motor functions based on locomotor activity assessments, rota-rod test, and footprints analysis. Betulin also attenuated serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels after muscle injury. Neutrophil infiltration was alleviated and desmin levels were increased after betulin treatment. Our data demonstrated that betulin attenuated muscle damage, alleviated inflammatory response, improved muscle regeneration, and restored motor functions after muscle contusion. Altogether, betulin may be a potential compound to accelerate the repair of injured muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, Chien Kuo Technology University, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Law, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Buffet-García J, Vicente-Campos D, López-Redondo M, Sánchez-Jorge S, Álvarez-González J, Plaza-Manzano G, Seijas-Fernández T, Valera-Calero JA. Association between Gray-Scale Ultrasound Imaging and Serological Creatine Kinase for Quantifying Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: An Observational Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:40. [PMID: 38247917 PMCID: PMC10813524 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited evidence has verified if ultrasound imaging (US) can detect post-exercise muscle damage based on size, shape, and brightness metrics. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between creatine kinase (CK) concentration and (as a biomarker of muscle damage) changes in US gray-scale metrics after an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol. An observational study was conducted at a private university lab located in Madrid. Twenty-five untrained and asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled in this study. Baseline demographic data and body composition metrics were collected. In addition, the rectus femoris US data and CK concentration were assessed at baseline and after inducing muscle damage (24 and 48 h later). After calculating time differences for all the outcomes, the correlation between the changes observed with US and biomarkers was assessed. Significant CK concentration increases were found 24 h (p = 0.003) and 48 h (p < 0.001) after exercise. However, no significant changes in muscle size, shape, or brightness were found in any location (p > 0.05 for all). In addition, no significant associations were found between CK changes and US changes (p > 0.05 for all). Gray-scale US is not a sensitive tool for detecting muscle damage, as a protocol of exercise-induced muscle damage confirmed with CK produced no significant gray-scale US changes after 24 or 48 h. In addition, US and CK changes after 24 and 48 h were not associated with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Buffet-García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (D.V.-C.); (M.L.-R.); (S.S.-J.); (J.Á.-G.)
| | - Davinia Vicente-Campos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (D.V.-C.); (M.L.-R.); (S.S.-J.); (J.Á.-G.)
| | - Mónica López-Redondo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (D.V.-C.); (M.L.-R.); (S.S.-J.); (J.Á.-G.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Jorge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (D.V.-C.); (M.L.-R.); (S.S.-J.); (J.Á.-G.)
| | - Javier Álvarez-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.-G.); (D.V.-C.); (M.L.-R.); (S.S.-J.); (J.Á.-G.)
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.P.-M.); (T.S.-F.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Seijas-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.P.-M.); (T.S.-F.)
| | - Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.P.-M.); (T.S.-F.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hacker S, Keck J, Reichel T, Eder K, Ringseis R, Krüger K, Krüger B. Biomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 2023:6614990. [PMID: 38654913 PMCID: PMC11022769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6614990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The high interindividual variability of exercise response complicates the efficient use of blood-based biomarkers in sports. To address this problem, a useful algorithm to characterize the individual regulation and predictive value of different candidate markers will be developed. Forty-nine participants completed two identical exercise trials. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3 hours after, and 24 hours after completion of exercise. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Individualized regulation was analyzed using k-means clustering and a Group Assignment Quality (GAQ) score. Regression trees with a bootstrapped-aggregated approach were used to assess the predictive qualities of the markers. For most of the markers studied, a distinction can be made between individuals who show a stronger or weaker response to a particular endurance training program. The regulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK exhibited a high degree of stability within the individuals. Regarding the predictive power of the markers, for all dependent variables, the most accurate predictions were obtained for cortisol and IL-8 based on the baseline value. For CK, a good prediction of recovery of maximal strength and subjective feeling of exhaustion can be made. For IL-1RA and TBARS, especially their reregulation can be predicted if the baseline level is known. Focusing individual variations in biomarker responses, our results suggest the combined use of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK for the personalized management of stress and recovery cycles following endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Keck
- Nemolab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Krüger
- Nemolab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Gurukandure A, Somasundaram S, Kurian ASN, Khuda N, Easley CJ. Building a Nucleic Acid Nanostructure with DNA-Epitope Conjugates for a Versatile Approach to Electrochemical Protein Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18122-18129. [PMID: 38032341 PMCID: PMC10720615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge of effort in nucleic-acid-based electrochemical (EC) sensors has been fruitful, yet there remains a need for more generalizable EC platforms for sensing multiple classes of clinically relevant targets. We recently reported a nucleic acid nanostructure for simple, economical, and more generalizable EC readout of a range of analytes, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and antibodies. The nanostructure is built through on-electrode enzymatic ligation of three oligonucleotides for attachment, binding, and signaling. However, the generalizable detection of larger proteins remains a challenge. Here, we adapted the sensor to quantify larger proteins in a more generic manner through conjugating the protein's minimized antibody-binding epitope to the central DNA strand. This concept was verified using creatine kinase (CK-MM), a biomarker of muscle damage and several disorders for which rapid clinical sensing is important. DNA-epitope conjugates permitted a competitive immunoassay for the CK protein at the electrode via square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Sensing through a signal-off mechanism, the anti-CK antibody limit of detection (LOD) was 5 nM with a response time as low as 3 min. Antibody displacement by native protein analytes gave a signal-on response with the CK sensing range from the LOD of 14 nM up to 100 nM, overlapping with the normal (nonelevated) human clinical range (3-37 nM), and the sensor was validated in 98% human serum. While a need for improved DNA-epitope conjugate purification was identified, overall, this approach allows the quantification of a generic protein- or peptide-binding antibody and should facilitate future quantitative EC readouts of clinically relevant proteins that were previously inaccessible to EC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanka Gurukandure
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Subramaniam Somasundaram
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Amanda S. N. Kurian
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Niamat Khuda
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Christopher J. Easley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Ma M, Cao Z, Yang M, Kong X, Chai W. The invasiveness of robot-assisted total hip replacement is similar to that of conventional surgery. J Robot Surg 2023; 17:2987-2993. [PMID: 37891384 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (R-THA) is increasingly being performed throughout the world. The invasiveness of this operation is unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the cohort of consecutive osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) patients who received primary R-THA or manual THA (M-THA) from January 2020 to January 2022 in our institution. One experienced surgeon performed all procedures. We calculated the propensity score to match similar patients in different groups by multivariate logistic regression analysis for each patient. We included confounders consisting of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and operation time. Preoperative serum markers and Harris hip scores (HHS), postoperative serum markers at first day and third day, complications rate, postoperative HHS and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at 6 months after surgery of different cohorts were compared. We analyzed 218 ONFH patients treated with THA (98 R-THA patients, and 120 M-THA patients). After propensity score matching, we generated cohorts of 95 patients in R-THA and M-THA groups. We found no significant difference in preoperative serum markers and HHS. In the R-THA cohort, the PLT count was significantly lower on the postoperative day 1 (192.36 ± 41.72 × 109/L Vs 210.47 ± 72.85 × 109/L, p < 0.05). The Hb level was significantly lower on the postoperative third day in the R-THA cohort (98.52 ± 12.99 g/L Vs 104.74 ± 13.15 g/L, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other serum markers between the cohorts on postoperative day 1 and 3 (p > 0.05). The FJS was significantly higher in the R-THA than M-THA group (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the postoperative HHS or complication rate between the groups (p > 0.05). The R-THA is not associated with a serious invasiveness compared to M-THA. Patients who underwent R-THA had a better early function compared to those who underwent M-THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minzhi Yang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangpeng Kong
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Chai
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
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Jiménez-Martínez P, Cornejo-Daza PJ, Sánchez-Valdepeñas J, Asín-Izquierdo I, Cano-Castillo C, Alix-Fages C, Pareja-Blanco F, Colado JC. Effects of different phenylcapsaicin doses on resistance training performance, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, ratings of perceived exertion, and recovery: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2204083. [PMID: 37086038 PMCID: PMC10124973 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2204083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a low dose (LD) of 0.625 mg and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 mg of phenylcapsaicin (PC) on full squat (SQ) performance, active muscle (RPE-AM) and overall body (RPE-OB) ratings of perceived exertion, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, and 24-h recovery in comparison to placebo (PLA). METHOD Twenty-five resistance-trained males (age = 21.00 ± 2.15 years, SQ 1-repetition maximum [1RM] normalized = 1.66 ± 0.22 kg) were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants completed 2 weekly sessions per condition (LD, HD, and PLA). The first session consisted of pre-blood testing of lactate, urea, and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM followed by the resistance exercise protocol, which consisted of SQ sets of 3 × 8 × 70% 1RM monitoring lifting velocity. RPE-OB and RPE-AM were assessed after each set. After the first session, 2 SQ repetitions with 60% 1RM were performed, and blood lactate and urea posttests were collected. After 24 h, AST posttest and 1 × 2 × 60% 1RM were determined as biochemical and mechanical fatigue outcomes. RESULTS HD reported significant differences for RPE-AM, AST, and SQ performance compared to LD and PLA. Post-hoc analyses revealed that HD attained faster velocities in SQ than LD (p = 0.008). HD induced a lower RPE-AM when compared with LD (p = 0.02) and PLA (p = 0.004). PLA resulted in higher AST concentrations at 24-h post than HD (p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed for the rest of the comparisons. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PC may favorably influence SQ performance, RPE-AM, and muscle damage compared to PLA. However, HD exhibited most of the biochemical and mechanical anti-fatigue effects instead of LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- University of Valencia, Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Valencia, Spain
- R&D Department, Life Pro Nutrition Research Center,INDIEX, Madrid, Spain
- R&D Department, ICEN institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Iván Asín-Izquierdo
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Sevilla, Spain
- University of Alcalá, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Cano-Castillo
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- University of Valencia, Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Valencia, Spain
- R&D Department, Life Pro Nutrition Research Center,INDIEX, Madrid, Spain
- R&D Department, ICEN institute, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- University of Valencia, Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Valencia, Spain
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Thorsteinsson H, Vigh-Larsen JF, Panduro J, Fristrup B, Kruse DZ, Gliemann L, Egeland M, Olesen JL, Aagaard P, Randers MB, Krustrup P, Nybo L, Overgaard K, Mohr M. The recovery of muscle function and glycogen levels following game-play in young elite male ice hockey players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2457-2469. [PMID: 37668421 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the frequent occurrence of congested game fixtures in elite ice hockey, the postgame recovery pattern has not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute decrements and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels, muscle function and repeated-sprint ability following ice hockey game-play. Sixteen male players from the Danish U20 national team completed a training game with muscle biopsies obtained before, postgame and following ~38 h of recovery (day 2). On-ice repeated-sprint ability and muscle function (maximal voluntary isometric [MVIC] and electrically induced low- (20 Hz) and high-frequency (50 Hz) knee-extensor contractions) were assessed at the same time points, as well as ~20 h into recovery (day 1). Muscle glycogen decreased 31% (p < 0.001) postgame and had returned to pregame levels on day 2. MVIC dropped 11%, whereas 50 and 20 Hz torque dropped 21% and 29% postgame, respectively, inducing a 10% reduction in the 20/50 Hz torque ratio indicative of low-frequency force depression (all p < 0.001). While MVIC torque returned to baseline on day 1, 20 and 50 Hz torque remained depressed by 9%-11% (p = 0.010-0.040), hence restoring the pre-exercise 20/50 Hz ratio. Repeated-sprint ability was only marginally reduced by 1% postgame (p = 0.041) and fully recovered on day 1. In conclusion, an elite youth ice hockey game induces substantial reductions in muscle glycogen content and muscle function, but only minor reductions in repeated-sprint ability and with complete recovery of all parameters within 1-2 days postgame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallur Thorsteinsson
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Panduro
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Fristrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Zornow Kruse
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marte Egeland
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre and Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens L Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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36
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Marco-Bonilla M, Fresnadillo M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A. Energy Regulation in Inflammatory Sarcopenia by the Purinergic System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16904. [PMID: 38069224 PMCID: PMC10706580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic system has a dual role: the maintenance of energy balance and signaling within cells. Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential for maintaining these functions. Sarcopenia is characterized by alterations in the control of energy and signaling in favor of catabolic pathways. This review details the association between the purinergic system and muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis, discussing recent findings in the involvement of purinergic receptors in muscle wasting and advances in the use of the purinergic system as a novel therapeutic target in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (M.F.); (R.L.); (G.H.-B.)
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37
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Smith IC, Chakraborty S, Bourque PR, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Lochmüller H, Woulfe J, Parks RJ, Brais B, Warman-Chardon J. Emerging and established biomarkers of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:824-834. [PMID: 37926637 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare, primarily autosomal dominant, late onset muscular dystrophy commonly presenting with ptosis, dysphagia, and subsequent weakness of proximal muscles. Although OPMD diagnosis can be confirmed with high confidence by genetic testing, the slow progression of OPMD poses a significant challenge to clinical monitoring and a barrier to assessing the efficacy of treatments during clinical trials. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for more sensitive measures of OPMD progression, particularly those which do not require a muscle biopsy. This review provides an overview of progress in OPMD biomarkers from clinical assessment, quantitative imaging, histological assessments, and genomics, as well as hypothesis-generating "omics" approaches. The ongoing search for biomarkers relevant to OPMD progression needs an integrative, longitudinal approach combining validated and experimental approaches which may include clinical, imaging, demographic, and biochemical assessment methods. A multi-omics approach to biochemical biomarker discovery could help provide context for differences found between individuals with varying levels of disease activity and provide insight into pathomechanisms and prognosis of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | | | - Pierre R Bourque
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Marcos L Sampaio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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38
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Haller N, Reichel T, Zimmer P, Behringer M, Wahl P, Stöggl T, Krüger K, Simon P. Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Perspectives for Research on Emerging Biomarkers. Sports Med 2023; 53:2039-2053. [PMID: 37341908 PMCID: PMC10587296 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, various blood-based biomarkers have found their applications in the field of sports medicine. This current opinion addresses biomarkers that warrant consideration in future research for monitoring the athlete training load. In this regard, we identified a variety of emerging load-sensitive biomarkers, e.g., cytokines (such as IL-6), chaperones (such as heat shock proteins) or enzymes (such as myeloperoxidase) that could improve future athlete load monitoring as they have shown meaningful increases in acute and chronic exercise settings. In some cases, they have even been linked to training status or performance characteristics. However, many of these markers have not been extensively studied and the cost and effort of measuring these parameters are still high, making them inconvenient for practitioners so far. We therefore outline strategies to improve knowledge of acute and chronic biomarker responses, including ideas for standardized study settings. In addition, we emphasize the need for methodological advances such as the development of minimally invasive point-of-care devices as well as statistical aspects related to the evaluation of these monitoring tools to make biomarkers suitable for regular load monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Haller
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Behringer
- Department of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Wahl
- Department of Exercise Physiology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Miazga K, Kopczyńska K, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Moroz-Fik A, Wilczak J, Barszcz K, Cywińska A. Metabolomic analysis indicated changes in triacylglycerols' levels as a result of training in Whippet dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18223. [PMID: 37880383 PMCID: PMC10600122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical effort produces metabolic changes manifested as adaptation to exercise and increasing performance. In humans these changes have been characterized at metabolome level as depending on the discipline. However, all sports involve some level of changes in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Recently, also performance horses have been subjected to metabolic analyses, but similar studies were lacking in sports dogs. In this study we performed the metabolomic analysis in plasma of Whippet dogs regularly trained and competing in coursing events, and untrained dogs of the same breed, fed with the same diet. We have also compared the hematological and blood biochemical results in these two groups of dogs. Basic blood tests indicated that enzymes related to lipid metabolism (lipase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) differed considerably between the groups. Metabolomic analysis of plasma confirmed the metabolic shift expressed as the differences in triacylglycerols levels between training and non-training dogs, aimed at improving the use of fatty acids as a source of energy during exertion. Surprisingly, other classes of metabolites were only hardly changed when comparing training and non-training Whippets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miazga
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Municipal Zoological Garden in Warsaw, Ratuszowa 1/3, 03-461, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kopczyńska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz-Fik
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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40
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Park SY, Liu S, Carbajal EP, Wosczyna M, Costa M, Sun H. Hexavalent chromium inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces myotube atrophy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116693. [PMID: 37742872 PMCID: PMC10591800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is extensively used in many industrial processes. Previous studies reported that Cr(VI) exposures during early embryonic development reduced body weight with musculoskeletal malformations in rodents while exposures in adult mice increased serum creatine kinase activity, a marker of muscle damage. However, the impacts of Cr(VI) on muscle differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that acute exposures to Cr(VI) in mouse C2C12 myoblasts inhibit myogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 2 μM of Cr(VI) resulted in delayed myotube formation, as evidenced by a significant decrease in myotube formation and expression of muscle-specific markers, such as muscle creatine kinase (Mck), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2), Myomaker (Mymk) and Myomixer (Mymx). Interestingly, exposure to 5 μM of Cr(VI) completely abolished myotube formation in differentiating C2C12 cells. Moreover, the expression of key myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) including myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), and myogenic factor 6 (Myf6) were significantly altered in Cr(VI)-treated cells. The inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on myogenic differentiation was further confirmed in freshly isolated mouse satellite cells, a stem cell population essential for adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure to fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes resulted in a decrease in myotube diameter, which was exacerbated upon co-treatment with dexamethasone. Together, our results demonstrate that Cr(VI) inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces myotube atrophy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Shan Liu
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Edgar Perez Carbajal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Michael Wosczyna
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Hong Sun
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America.
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41
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Groom DJE, Black B, Deakin JE, DeSimone JG, Lauzau MC, Pedro BP, Straight CR, Unger KP, Miller MS, Gerson AR. Flight muscle size reductions and functional changes following long-distance flight under variable humidity conditions in a migratory warbler. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15842. [PMID: 37849053 PMCID: PMC10582281 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bird flight muscle can lose as much as 20% of its mass during a migratory flight due to protein catabolism, and catabolism can be further exacerbated under dehydrating conditions. However, the functional consequences of exercise and environment induced protein catabolism on muscle has not been examined. We hypothesized that prolonged flight would cause a decline in muscle mass, aerobic capacity, and contractile performance. This decline would be heightened for birds placed under dehydrating environmental conditions, which typically increases lean mass losses. Yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata) were exposed to dry or humid (12 or 80% relative humidity at 18°C) conditions for up to 6 h while at rest or undergoing flight. The pectoralis muscle was sampled after flight/rest or after 24 h of recovery, and contractile properties and enzymatic capacity for aerobic metabolism was measured. There was no change in lipid catabolism or force generation of the muscle due to flight or humidity, despite reductions in pectoralis dry mass immediately post-flight. However, there was a slowing of myosin-actin crossbridge kinetics under dry compared to humid conditions. Aerobic and contractile function is largely preserved after 6 h of exercise, suggesting that migratory birds preserve energy pathways and function in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J. E. Groom
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversityCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Betsy Black
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityArizonaFlagstaffUSA
| | - Jessica E. Deakin
- Centre for Animals on the Move, Department of BiologyWestern UniversityOntarioLondonCanada
| | - Joely G. DeSimone
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Appalachian LaboratoryUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceMarylandFrostburgUSA
| | - M. Collette Lauzau
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
The Water SchoolFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFloridaFort MyersUSA
| | - Bradley P. Pedro
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyTufts UniversityMassachusettsMedfordUSA
| | - Chad R. Straight
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusettsAmherstUSA
| | - Kimberly P. Unger
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusettsAmherstUSA
| | - Mark S. Miller
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusettsAmherstUSA
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42
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Surała O, Malczewska-Lenczowska J, Sitkowski D, Witek K, Słomiński P, Certa M, Madej D. Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1229-1237. [PMID: 37867745 PMCID: PMC10588581 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.124843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of strenuous exercise on sleep patterns in swimmers is equivocal. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to describe possible changes in sleep parameters among elite swimmers subjected to different training loads (TL). Methods: Eighteen elite swimmers (8 females) were monitored across two high-volume preparatory 1-wk periods (P1, P2) and a lower-volume tapering 1-wk period (P3) before a major competition. Internal (the session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) and external TL (training duration and volume) were measured, along with several sleep indices (e.g., bedtime, get-up time, sleep time, wake after sleep onset [WASO]). Serum measurements of urea, creatine kinase (CK), testosterone and cortisol were taken before and after training sessions at the beginning (Mondays) and end (Fridays) of each micro cycle. Athlete TL decreased significantly in a stepwise manner from P1 to P2 and from P2 to P3. Of all sleep parameters, only significant differences in bedtime and get-up time emerged (P3 > P1 and/or P2). Sleep duration (~6.3 h) or quality (WASO: 41-45 min) were also unaffected by TL. CK levels declined from P1 to P3 (d = -0.8), and from P2 to P3 (d = -0.6). Positive exercise-induced changes in CK were also seen in each training period. The other biomarkers did not show the same temporal or acute patterns. Irrespective of the TL, the monitored swimmers experienced insufficient and fragmented sleep across this study. Neither sleep quality nor quantity were affected by different magnitudes of TL. Among the biochemical markers of fatigue, baseline plasma CK activity best reflected the physiological response to TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Surała
- Institute of Sport – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Konrad Witek
- Institute of Sport – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Słomiński
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Certa
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Madej
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Neuwirth LS, Gökhan N, Kaye S, Meehan EF. Taurine Supplementation for 48-Months Improved Glucose Tolerance and Changed ATP-Related Enzymes in Avians. Pharmacology 2023; 108:599-606. [PMID: 37703842 DOI: 10.1159/000533538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Avians differ from mammals, especially in brain architecture and metabolism. Taurine, an amino acid basic to metabolism and bioenergetics, has been shown to have remarkable effects on metabolic syndrome and ameliorating oxidative stress reactions across species. However, less is known regarding these metabolic relationships in the avian model. The present study serves as a preliminary report that examined how taurine might affect avian metabolism in an aged model system. Two groups of pigeons (Columba livia) of mixed sex, a control group and a group that received 48 months of taurine supplementation (0.05% w/v) in their drinking water, were compared by using blood panels drawn from their basilic vein by a licensed veterinarian. From the blood panel data, taurine treatment generated higher levels of three ATP-related enzymes: glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK). In this preliminary study, the role that taurine treatment might play in the adult aged pigeon's metabolism on conserved traits such as augmenting insulin production as well as non-conserved traits maintaining high levels of ATP-related enzymes was examined. It was found that taurine treatment influenced the avian glucose metabolism similar to mammals but differentially effected avian ATP-related enzymes in a unique way (i.e., ∼×2 increase in CK and LDH with a nearly ×4 increase in GLDH). Notably, long-term supplementation with taurine had no negative effect on parameters of lipid and protein metabolism nor liver enzymes. The preliminary study suggests that avians may serve as a unique model system for investigating taurine metabolism across aging with long-term health implications (e.g., hyperinsulinemia). However, the suitability of using the model would require researchers to tightly control for age, sex, dietary intake, and exercise conditions as laboratory-housed avian present with very different metabolic panels than free-flight avians, and their metabolic profile may not correlate one-to-one with mammalian data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Neuwirth
- SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, Long Island City, New York, USA
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Nurper Gökhan
- (CUNY) Department of Social Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Sarrah Kaye
- The Staten Island Zoological Society, Staten Island, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward F Meehan
- The College of Staten Island (CUNY) Department of Psychology, Staten Island, New York, New York, USA
- The Center for Developmental Neuroscience, Staten Island, New York, New York, USA
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44
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Jin Y, Li W, Ba X, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhou J. Gut microbiota changes in horses with Chlamydia. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:246. [PMID: 37660043 PMCID: PMC10474637 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic diseases pose a significant threat to public health. Chlamydia, as an intracellular pathogen, can colonize the intestinal tract of humans and animals, changing the gut microbiota. However, only a few studies have evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota of horses infected with Chlamydia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gut microbiota and serum biochemical indicators in horses with Chlamydial infection (IG) and healthy horses (HG). Fecal and blood samples were collected from 16 horses (IG: 10; HG: 6) before morning feeding for the determination of gut microbiota and serum biochemical parameters. RESULTS The results showed that total globulin (GLB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly increased in IG compared with HG. Notably, the gut microbial diversity increased in IG compared with HG. Furthermore, Moraxellaceae and Akkermanisa abundance decreased in IG, while Streptococcus, Treponema, Prevotella, and Paraprevotella abundances (13 genera of bacterial species) increased. Compared with HG, carbohydrate metabolism increased in IG while amino acid metabolism decreased. In addition, the abundance of 18 genera of bacteria was associated with the level of five serum biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study elucidated the influence of Chlamydia infection in horses on the gut microbiota, unraveling consequential alterations in its composition and metabolic profile. Therefore, this study improves the understanding of Chlamydia-induced intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xuli Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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45
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Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Bailey DM, Burke LM, Constantini N, Hackney AC, Heikura IA, Melin A, Pensgaard AM, Stellingwerff T, Sundgot-Borgen JK, Torstveit MK, Jacobsen AU, Verhagen E, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U. 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1073-1097. [PMID: 37752011 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by female and male athletes exposed to low energy availability (LEA; inadequate energy intake in relation to exercise energy expenditure). Since the 2018 REDs consensus, there have been >170 original research publications advancing the field of REDs science, including emerging data demonstrating the growing role of low carbohydrate availability, further evidence of the interplay between mental health and REDs and more data elucidating the impact of LEA in males. Our knowledge of REDs signs and symptoms has resulted in updated Health and Performance Conceptual Models and the development of a novel Physiological Model. This Physiological Model is designed to demonstrate the complexity of either problematic or adaptable LEA exposure, coupled with individual moderating factors, leading to changes in health and performance outcomes. Guidelines for safe and effective body composition assessment to help prevent REDs are also outlined. A new REDs Clinical Assessment Tool-Version 2 is introduced to facilitate the detection and clinical diagnosis of REDs based on accumulated severity and risk stratification, with associated training and competition recommendations. Prevention and treatment principles of REDs are presented to encourage best practices for sports organisations and clinicians. Finally, methodological best practices for REDs research are outlined to stimulate future high-quality research to address important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Games Group, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naama Constantini
- Sports Medicine Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ida Aliisa Heikura
- Canada Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Melin
- Department of Sport Science - Swedish Olympic Committee Research Fellow, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anne Marte Pensgaard
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- Canada Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uğur Erdener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- World Archery, Lausanne, Switzerland
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46
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Rosvoglou A, Fatouros IG, Poulios A, Tsatalas T, Papanikolaou K, Karampina E, Liakou CA, Tsimeas P, Karanika P, Tsoukas D, Katrabasas I, Chatzinikolaou A, Deli CK, Giakas G, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D. Recovery kinetics following eccentric exercise is volume-dependent. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1326-1335. [PMID: 37864292 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2272101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effect of 75 vs 150 vs 300 intensity-matched eccentric contractions on muscle damage and performance recovery kinetics. Ten healthy males participated in a randomized, cross-over study consisted of 4 experimental trials (ECC75, ECC150, ECC300 and Control - no exercise) with a 4-week washout period in-between. Performance and muscle damage, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated at baseline, post-exercise, 24, 48 and 192 hours following each exercise protocol. Concentric and eccentric peak torque decreased similarly in ECC150 and ECC300 during the first 48 h of recovery (p < 0.05) but remained unaffected in ECC75. Countermovement jump indices decreased post-exercise and at 24 h in ECC150 and ECC300, with ECC300 inducing a more pronounced reduction (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase increased until 48 h of recovery in all trials and remained elevated up to 192 h only in ECC300 (p < 0.05). Delayed onset of muscle soreness increased, and knee-joint range of motion decreased in a volume-dependent manner during the first 48 h (p < 0.05). Likewise, a volume-dependent decline of glutathione and a rise of protein carbonyls was observed during the first 48 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that muscle damage and performance recovery following eccentric exercise is volume dependent, at least in lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Rosvoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Evaggeli Karampina
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Christina A Liakou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiota Karanika
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsoukas
- 5th Orthopaedic Clinic for Advanced Arthroscopic Sports and Regenerative Surgery, Mitera Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Giannis Giakas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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47
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Sudhakar S, Kirthika S V, J C, M SK. Enhancing Skeletal Muscle Rehabilitation: The Effects of Diclofenac Phonophoresis and Shock Wave Therapy on Serum Creatine Kinase in Athletes With Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness. Cureus 2023; 15:e46267. [PMID: 37908915 PMCID: PMC10615225 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common condition in athletes characterized by muscle pain and stiffness after intense or unfamiliar exercise. It significantly impairs an athlete's performance by reducing muscle strength, flexibility, and overall physical capacity, often leading to suboptimal training or competition outcomes. Managing and mitigating DOMS is crucial for athletes to maintain peak performance and prevent potential injuries. The evaluation of effective treatment techniques is essential for expediting DOMS recovery by identifying biomarkers of skeletal muscle damage. This approach not only aids in optimizing recovery strategies but also contributes to the rehabilitation process, enabling athletes to return to peak performance quickly and safely. This study aims to evaluate the effects of shock wave therapy and diclofenac phonophoresis on serum creatine kinase levels in novice athletes suffering from DOMS in comparison to a control group. This research aims to assess the potential benefits of these therapeutic interventions in reducing skeletal muscle damage and enhancing recovery for individuals new to athletic training. Methodology A total of 48 novice athletes were recruited using simple random sampling and the block randomization approach to participate in this single-blind, multi-group, repeated-measures design. Male novice athletes in the age group of 18-25 years were included, and athletes with elevated serum creatine kinase variables at baseline measurements were excluded from the study. Before obtaining a written informed consent form, athletes were made aware of the procedure and associated risks. Group A received focused shock wave therapy, Group B received diclofenac phonophoresis, while Group C received no treatment. The Epley formula was used to compute the one-repetition maximum for each subject. Blood samples were taken at the baseline, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Blood samples were taken before initiation of the study, as well as 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours after DOMS was induced. Creatine kinase skeletal muscle biomarker was used as a dependent variable. Results In the evaluation of serum creatine kinase levels using analysis of variance (ANOVA), no statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups at baseline and 24-hour measurements (p > 0.05). However, statistically significant differences were found between the three groups at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours (p < 0.05). The repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant overall changes in creatine kinase levels within the three groups, indicating time-dependent effects (p < 0.05). Specifically, during the 48 to 96-hour interval, the shock wave therapy group showed a lower mean value compared to the diclofenac phonophoresis group, followed by the control group. Conclusions The study demonstrates that a single administration of focused shock wave therapy effectively mitigated the elevation of creatine kinase levels in novice athletes with DOMS, surpassing the outcomes of diclofenac phonophoresis and the control group. These findings suggest the potential benefits of shock wave therapy in accelerating recovery from DOMS in the athletic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Sudhakar
- Sports Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Veena Kirthika S
- Physiotherapy (Neurology), Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Chanemougavally J
- Anatomy, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Shruthy K M
- Anatomy, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
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48
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Ackerman KE, Rogers MA, Heikura IA, Burke LM, Stellingwerff T, Hackney AC, Verhagen E, Schley S, Saville GH, Mountjoy M, Holtzman B. Methodology for studying Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus on REDs. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1136-1147. [PMID: 37752010 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of relationships among nutrition, exercise and the effects on health and athletic performance, has substantially increased. The 2014 introduction of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) prompted sports scientists and clinicians to investigate these relationships in more populations and with more outcomes than had been previously pursued in mostly white, adolescent or young adult, female athletes. Much of the existing physiology and concepts, however, are either based on or extrapolated from limited studies, and the comparison of studies is hindered by the lack of standardised protocols. In this review, we have evaluated and outlined current best practice methodologies to study REDs in an attempt to guide future research.This includes an agreement on the definition of key terms, a summary of study designs with appropriate applications, descriptions of best practices for blood collection and assessment and a description of methods used to assess specific REDs sequelae, stratified as either Preferred, Used and Recommended or Potential Researchers can use the compiled information herein when planning studies to more consistently select the proper tools to investigate their domain of interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to standardise REDs research methods to strengthen future studies and improve REDs prevention, diagnosis and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Ackerman
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margot Anne Rogers
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, South Australia, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ida A Heikura
- Canadian Sport Institute-Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- Canadian Sport Institute-Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports and Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey Schley
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace H Saville
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Games Group, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Holtzman
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Yasaswini D, Kumari KN, Shobhamani B, Prameela DR, Reddy BS, Reddy KP, Reddy PRK. Risk factors, clinical indicators, and pathological findings of abomasal ulcers in tropical dairy buffaloes. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1139-1154. [PMID: 36607501 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed at identifying the risk factors and initial diagnostic aids for abomasal ulcers. The risk factor analysis confirmed a significant association (P < 0.05) of abomasal ulcers with concentrate-rich diets (OR, 4.795; CI, 1.212-15.974) and concurrent disorders (OR, 2.978; CI, 0.987-8.980), while the buffaloes in early lactation (OR, 2.777; CI, 0.703-10.972) showed a higher tendency (P = 0.078) for the disorder. The depressed demeanour, dark or black manure (melena), anemia, tachycardia, decreased milk production, anorexia, tachypnea, absence of rumination, abdominal guarding, kyphosis, and tachypnea were the most frequent clinical signs. Subjecting the abomasal fluid for cultural isolation, gram staining, and stormy clot fermentation test identified the presence of clostridium perfringes, while screening through uniplex PCR detected cpa toxin. The buffaloes affected with type-3 and 4 abomasal ulcers exhibited a higher peritoneal fluid to serum ratio of total protein, albumin, and glucose with a low (P < 0.01) serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) concentration compared to reference values of healthy buffaloes. The first two principal components of PCA explained 54.50% of the total variances with lymphocytes, creatine kinase, and rumen chloride levels as the top contributors to dimension I, and albumin, total protein, sodium, and methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) for rumen liquor as the major contributors to dimension II. The vector plot revealed lymphocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, decreased rumen pH, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, leucocytosis, greater MBRT, and higher rumen chloride, serum creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen as the major indicators for abomasal ulcers. Histopathological studies revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa along with multifocal areas of necrosis, degeneration, and eroded muscle structure. The study projected a few high-scored clinical signs and extremely variable clinical indicators as initial diagnostic aids of abomasal ulcers, which can be confirmed by ultrasonography and peritoneal fluid examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duvvuru Yasaswini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - K Nalini Kumari
- Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, YSR Administrative building, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - B Shobhamani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - D Rani Prameela
- State-Level Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - B Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur, 516 360, India
| | - K Praveen Reddy
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Siddhartha Medical College, Gunadala, Vijayawada, 520 008, India
| | - P Ravi Kanth Reddy
- Veterinary Dispensary, AP Animal Husbandry Department, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Taticherla, Andhra Pradesh, 523 356, India.
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50
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Bermejo-Álvarez I, Pérez-Baos S, Gratal P, Medina JP, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A. Effects of Tofacitinib on Muscle Remodeling in Experimental Rheumatoid Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13181. [PMID: 37685986 PMCID: PMC10487422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a frequent comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clinical trials have shown that JAK inhibitors (JAKi) produce an asymptomatic increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) in RA, suggesting an impact on muscle. We evaluated the effect of JAKi in muscle remodeling in an experimental RA model. Antigen-induced arthritis (experimental RA, e-RA) was performed in 14 rabbits. Seven rabbits received tofacitinib (TOFA, orally 10 mg/kg/day). Animals were euthanized one day after the last ovalbumin injection, and muscles were prepared for histology, RT-PCR, and WB. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Myostatin (MSTN) serum concentration were determined by ELISA. Creatine and creatine kinase (CK) were analyzed. An increase in body weight as well as tibialis anterior cross-sectional area and diameter was observed in e-RA+TOFA vs. e-RA. e-RA decreased type II fibers and increased the myonuclei number, with all reverted by TOFA. TOFA did not modify CRP levels, neither did MSTN. TOFA significantly reduced IL-6, atrogin-1, and MuRF-1 compared with e-RA. e-RA+TOFA showed higher CK and lower creatine levels compared with e-RA. No differences in PAX-7 were found, while TOFA prevented the increase in MyoD1 in e-RA. Our model reflects the features of rheumatoid sarcopenia in RA. JAKi increased muscle mass through attenuating IL-6/JAK/STAT activation, decreasing atrogenes, and restoring muscle differentiation markers. These data together with an increase in CK support the role of CK as a valuable marker of muscle gain following JAKi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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