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Park SM, Oh YH, Lim GH, Yun GH, Kim KB, An JH, Seo KW, Youn HY. Deferoxamine preconditioning of canine stem cell derived extracellular vesicles alleviates inflammation in an EAE mouse model through STAT3 regulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19273. [PMID: 39164295 PMCID: PMC11335858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), specifically those preconditioned with deferoxamine (DFO) in canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAT-MSCs), were explored for treating autoimmune diseases. This study assessed the effects of DFO-preconditioned EVs (EVDFO) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. cAT-MSCs were treated with DFO for 48 h, after which EVs were isolated. EAE mice received intranasal EV or EVDFO treatments and were euthanized following histopathologic analysis; RNA and protein expression levels were measured. Histologically, EV and EVDFO groups showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. Immunofluorescence revealed increased CD206 and Foxp3 expression, indicating elevated M2 macrophages and regulatory T (Treg) cells, particularly in the EVDFO group. Treg cells also notably increased in the spleen of EVDFO -treated mice. STAT3 and pSTAT3 proteins were upregulated in the EAE groups compared to the naïve group. However, following EV treatment, STAT3 expression decreased compared to the EAE group, whereas pSTAT3 expression was similar in both the EV and EAE groups. In conclusion, EVDFO treatment resulted in reduced STAT3 expression, suggesting its role in T cell regulation and the potential of EVDFO in modulating the STAT3 pathway for reducing inflammation more effectively than non-preconditioned EVs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/transplantation
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Mice
- Dogs
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Deferoxamine/pharmacology
- Deferoxamine/therapeutic use
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Female
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Gabr MM, El-Halawani SM, Refaie AF, Khater SM, Ismail AM, Karras MS, Magar RW, Sayed SE, Kloc M, Uosef A, Sabek OM, Ghoneim MA. Modulation of naïve mesenchymal stromal cells by extracellular vesicles derived from insulin-producing cells: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17844. [PMID: 39090166 PMCID: PMC11294623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was to determine whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can modulate naïve mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to become insulin-secreting. MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue. The cells were then differentiated to generate IPCs by achemical-based induction protocol. EVs were retrieved from the conditioned media of undifferentiated (naïve) MSCs (uneducated EVs) and from that of MSC-derived IPCs (educated EVs) by sequential ultracentrifugation. The obtained EVs were co-cultured with naïve MSCs.The cocultured cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, C-peptide nanogold silver-enhanced immunostaining, relative gene expression and their response to a glucose challenge.Immunostaining for naïve MSCs cocultured with educated EVs was positive for insulin, C-peptide, and GAD65. By flow cytometry, the median percentages of insulin-andC-peptide-positive cells were 16.1% and 14.2% respectively. C-peptide nanogoldimmunostaining providedevidence for the intrinsic synthesis of C-peptide. These cells released increasing amounts of insulin and C-peptide in response to increasing glucose concentrations. Gene expression of relevant pancreatic endocrine genes, except for insulin, was modest. In contrast, the results of naïve MSCs co-cultured with uneducated exosomes were negative for insulin, C-peptide, and GAD65. These findings suggest that this approach may overcome the limitations of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Gabr
- Biotechnology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mary S Karras
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raghda W Magar
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shorouk El Sayed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Ceccotti E, Chiabotto G, Cedrino M, Gambella A, Delsedime L, Ghigo A, Salio C, Grange C, Herrera Sanchez MB, Femminò S, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Brizzi MF, Camussi G, Bruno S. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Liver Stem Cells Counteract Chronic Kidney Disease Development and Cardiac Dysfunction in Remnant Kidney Murine Model: The Possible Involvement of Proteases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1517. [PMID: 39062090 PMCID: PMC11274379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and consists of the accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, causing the progressive deterioration of kidney function. Human liver stem cells (HLSCs) have anti-fibrotic activity, and HLSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate this effect. Herein, we evaluated the ability of HLSC-EVs to reverse renal and cardiac alterations in a murine model of partial nephrectomy (PNx) that mimics human CKD development. Furthermore, we investigated the contribution of extracellular matrix remodeling-related proteases to the anti-fibrotic effect of HLSC-EVs. PNx was performed by ligation of both poles of the left kidney, followed one week later by the removal of the right kidney. EV treatment started 4 weeks after the nephrectomy, when renal and cardiac alternations were already established, and mice were sacrificed at week eight. HLSC-EV treatment improved renal function and morphology, significantly decreasing interstitial fibrosis, glomerular sclerosis, and capillary rarefaction. This improvement was confirmed by the decreased expression of pro-fibrotic genes. Moreover, EV treatment improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis. HLSC-EVs shuttled different proteases with ECM remodeling activity, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) was involved in their anti-fibrotic effect on renal tissue. HLSC-EV treatment interferes with CKD development and ameliorates cardiomyopathy in PNx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ceccotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | | | - Alessandro Gambella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Luisa Delsedime
- Pathology Unit, Città delle Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- 2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell’Incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.C.)
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Amaro-Prellezo E, Gómez-Ferrer M, Hakobyan L, Ontoria-Oviedo I, Peiró-Molina E, Tarazona S, Salguero P, Ruiz-Saurí A, Selva-Roldán M, Vives-Sanchez R, Sepúlveda P. Extracellular vesicles from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells modulate macrophage phenotype during acute and chronic cardiac inflammation in athymic nude rats with myocardial infarction. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:25. [PMID: 38807194 PMCID: PMC11134765 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study is to determine whether MSC-EVs could promote a pro-resolving environment in the heart by modulating macrophage populations. METHODS EVs derived from three independent biopsies of DP-MSCs (MSC-EVs) were isolated by tangential flow-filtration and size exclusion chromatography and were characterized by omics analyses. Biological processes associated with these molecules were analyzed using String and GeneCodis platforms. The immunomodulatory capacity of MSC-EVs to polarize macrophages towards a pro-resolving or M2-like phenotype was assessed by evaluating surface markers, cytokine production, and efferocytosis. The therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs was evaluated in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in nude rats. Infarct size and the distribution of macrophage populations in the infarct area were evaluated 7 and 21 days after intramyocardial injection of MSC-EVs. RESULTS Lipidomic, proteomic, and miRNA-seq analysis of MSC-EVs revealed their association with biological processes involved in tissue regeneration and regulation of the immune system, among others. MSC-EVs promoted the differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages towards a pro-resolving phenotype, as evidenced by increased expression of M2 markers and decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of MSC-EVs in rats with AMI limited the extent of the infarcted area at 7 and 21 days post-infarction. MSC-EV treatment also reduced the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages within the infarct area, promoting the resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION EVs derived from DP-MSCs exhibited similar characteristics at the omics level irrespective of the biopsy from which they were derived. All MSC-EVs exerted effective pro-resolving responses in a rat model of AMI, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation associated with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Amaro-Prellezo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Lusine Hakobyan
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria-Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Esteban Peiró-Molina
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
- Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Pedro Salguero
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Saurí
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Marta Selva-Roldán
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Rosa Vives-Sanchez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, 46026, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain.
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), III Institute of Health, Madrid, Carlos, Spain.
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Zhang B, Lai RC, Sim WK, Tan TT, Lim SK. An Assessment of Administration Route on MSC-sEV Therapeutic Efficacy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:622. [PMID: 38927026 PMCID: PMC11202284 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are promising therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated how the administration route of MSC-sEVs affects their therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin scleroderma (SSc). We evaluated the impact of topical (TOP), subcutaneous (SC), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of MSC-sEVs on dermal fibrosis, collagen density, and thickness. All three routes of administration significantly reduced BLM-induced fibrosis in the skin, as determined by Masson's Trichrome staining. However, only TOP administration reduced BLM-induced dermal collagen density, with no effect on dermal thickness observed for all administration routes. Moreover, SC, but not TOP or IP administration, increased anti-inflammatory profibrotic CD163+ M2 macrophages. These findings indicate that the administration route influences the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-sEVs in alleviating dermal fibrosis, with TOP administration being the most effective, and this efficacy is not mediated by M2 macrophages. Since both TOP and SC administration target the skin, the difference in their efficacy likely stems from variations in MSC-sEV delivery in the skin. Fluorescence-labelled TOP, but not SC MSC-sEVs when applied to skin explant cultures, localized in the stratum corneum. Hence, the superior efficacy of TOP over SC MSC-sEVs could be attributed to this localization. A comparison of the proteomes of stratum corneum and MSC-sEVs revealed the presence of >100 common proteins. Most of these proteins, such as filaggrin, were known to be crucial for maintaining skin barrier function against irritants and toxins, thereby mitigating inflammation-induced fibrosis. Therefore, the superior efficacy of TOP MSC-sEVs over SC and IP MSC-sEVs against SSc is mediated by the delivery of proteins to the stratum corneum to reinforce the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd., 1 Tai Seng Ave, #02-04 Tai Seng Exchange, Singapore 536464, Singapore; (B.Z.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd., 1 Tai Seng Ave, #02-04 Tai Seng Exchange, Singapore 536464, Singapore; (B.Z.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Wei Kian Sim
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd., 1 Tai Seng Ave, #02-04 Tai Seng Exchange, Singapore 536464, Singapore; (B.Z.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Thong Teck Tan
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd., 1 Tai Seng Ave, #02-04 Tai Seng Exchange, Singapore 536464, Singapore; (B.Z.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd., 1 Tai Seng Ave, #02-04 Tai Seng Exchange, Singapore 536464, Singapore; (B.Z.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.); (T.T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of Medicine, National University Singapore (NUS), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Padinharayil H, Varghese J, Wilson C, George A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Characteristics and applications in disease pathology and management. Life Sci 2024; 342:122542. [PMID: 38428567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis because of inherent immunomodulatory capacity and the production of factors that encourage healing. There is substantial evidence that MSCs' therapeutic efficacy is primarily determined by their paracrine function including in cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are basic paracrine effectors of MSCs that reside in numerous bodily fluids and cell homogenates and play an important role in bidirectional communication. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) offer a wide range of potential therapeutic uses that exceed cell treatment, while maintaining protocell function and having less immunogenicity. We describe characteristics and isolation methods of MSC-EVs, and focus on their therapeutic potential describing its roles in tissue repair, anti-fibrosis, and cancer with an emphasis on the molecular mechanism and immune modulation and clinical trials. We also explain current understanding and challenges in the clinical applications of MSC-EVs as a cell free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India; PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Jinsu Varghese
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Natural Applied Sciences, Life Science Industry Liaison Lab, Discovery Park, Sandwich CT139FF, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India.
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Al-Sharabi N, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Shanbhag S, Kampleitner C, Elnour R, Yamada S, Rana N, Birkeland E, Tangl S, Gruber R, Mustafa K. Osteogenic human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles regulate MSC activity and osteogenic differentiation and promote bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:33. [PMID: 38321490 PMCID: PMC10848378 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the paracrine mechanisms of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Little is known, however, about the influence of microenvironmental stimuli on the osteogenic effects of EVs. This study aimed to investigate the properties and functions of EVs derived from undifferentiated hMSC (Naïve-EVs) and hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis (Osteo-EVs). A further aim was to assess the osteoinductive potential of Osteo-EVs for bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects. METHODS EVs from both groups were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by size distribution, morphology, flow cytometry analysis and proteome profiling. The effects of EVs (10 µg/ml) on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of cultured hMSC were evaluated. Osteo-EVs (50 µg) or serum-free medium (SFM, control) were combined with collagen membrane scaffold (MEM) to repair critical-sized calvarial bone defects in male Lewis rats and the efficacy was assessed using µCT, histology and histomorphometry. RESULTS Although Osteo- and Naïve-EVs have similar characteristics, proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of bone-related proteins in Osteo-EVs. Both groups enhance cultured hMSC proliferation and migration, but Osteo-EVs demonstrate greater efficacy in promoting in vitro osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and higher calcium deposition. In rat calvarial defects, MEM with Osteo-EVs led to greater and more consistent bone regeneration than MEM loaded with SFM. CONCLUSIONS This study discloses differences in the protein profile and functional effects of EVs obtained from naïve hMSC and hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis, using different methods. The significant protein profile and cellular function of EVs derived from hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis were further verified by a calvarial bone defect model, emphasizing the importance of using differentiated MSC to produce EVs for bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Al-Sharabi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carina Kampleitner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rammah Elnour
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Neha Rana
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
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9
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van de Wakker SI, Bauzá‐Martinez J, Ríos Arceo C, Manjikian H, Snijders Blok CJB, Roefs MT, Willms E, Maas RGC, Pronker MF, de Jong OG, Wu W, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Size matters: Functional differences of small extracellular vesicle subpopulations in cardiac repair responses. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12396. [PMID: 38179654 PMCID: PMC10767609 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit great potential to stimulate cardiac repair. However, the multifaceted nature of sEV heterogeneity presents a challenge in understanding the distinct mechanisms underlying their regenerative abilities. Here, a dual-step multimodal flowthrough and size-exclusion chromatography method was applied to isolate and separate CPC-derived sEV subpopulations to study the functional differences related to cardiac repair responses. Three distinct sEV subpopulations were identified with unique protein profiles. Functional cell assays for cardiac repair-related processes demonstrated that the middle-sized and smallest-sized sEV subpopulations exhibited the highest pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic activities. Proteasome activity was uniquely seen in the smallest-sized subpopulation. The largest-sized subpopulation showed no effect in any of the functional assays. This research uncovers the existence of sEV subpopulations, each characterized by a distinct composition and biological function. Enhancing our understanding of sEV heterogeneity will provide valuable insights into sEV mechanisms of action, ultimately accelerating the translation of sEV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá‐Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carla Ríos Arceo
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Herak Manjikian
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Jamie Bernard Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Renee Goverdina Catharina Maas
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matti Feije Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gerrit de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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10
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Lee CS, Lee M, Na K, Hwang HS. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy and Tissue Engineering Applications. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5278-5311. [PMID: 37867343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stem cells and their secretomes have attracted great attention in biomedical applications, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secretomes of cells for cell-to-cell communication. They play a role as intercellular messengers as they carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and therapeutic agents. They have also been utilized as drug-delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, stability, targetability, and engineerable properties. The therapeutic potential of EVs can be further enhanced by surface engineering and modification using functional molecules such as aptamers, peptides, and antibodies. As a consequence, EVs hold great promise as effective delivery vehicles for enhancing treatment efficacy while avoiding side effects. Among various cell types that secrete EVs, stem cells are ideal sources of EVs because stem cells have unique properties such as self-renewal and regenerative potential for transplantation into damaged tissues that can facilitate their regeneration. However, challenges such as immune rejection and ethical considerations remain significant hurdles. Stem cell-derived EVs have been extensively explored as a cell-free approach that bypasses many challenges associated with cell-based therapy in cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of various types of stem cells as a source of EVs, their engineering, and applications of EVs, focusing on cancer therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kun Na
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sui C, Liao Z, Bai J, Hu D, Yue J, Yang S. Current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:471. [PMID: 37899459 PMCID: PMC10614333 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity has been widely understood as the capacity of the endometrium to receive implantable embryos. The establishment of endometrial receptivity involves multiple biological processes including decidualization, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and oxidative metabolism. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer-membrane nanosized vesicles mediating cell-to-cell communication. Recently, EVs and their cargo have been proven as functional factors in the establishment of endometrial receptivity. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the alteration of endometrium/embryo-derived EVs during the receptive phase and retrospected the current findings which revealed the pivotal role and potential mechanism of EVs to promote successful implantation. Furthermore, we highlight the potentiality and limitations of EVs being translated into clinical applications such as biomarkers of endometrial receptivity or reproductive therapeutic mediators, and point out the direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhou AK, Jou E, Lu V, Zhang J, Chabra S, Abishek J, Wong E, Zeng X, Guo B. Using Pre-Clinical Studies to Explore the Potential Clinical Uses of Exosomes Secreted from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:793-809. [PMID: 37651091 PMCID: PMC10519927 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have indicated high potential clinical applications in many diseases. However, the limited source of MSCs impedes their clinical research and application. Most recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising source of MSCs. Exosome therapy based on iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) is a novel technique with much of its therapeutic potential untapped. Compared to MSCs, iMSCs have proved superior in cell proliferation, immunomodulation, generation of exosomes capable of controlling the microenvironment, and bioactive paracrine factor secretion, while also theoretically eliminating the dependence on immunosuppression drugs. The therapeutic effects of iMSC-derived exosomes are explored in many diseases and are best studied in wound healing, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal pathology. It is pertinent clinicians have a strong understanding of stem cell therapy and the latest advances that will eventually translate into clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the various applications of exosomes derived from iMSCs in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kailin Zhou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Watford General Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eric Jou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor Lu
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Zhang
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shirom Chabra
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Xianwei Zeng
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, Beijing, China.
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Jiang XY, Li FW, Chen YQ, Fang JR, Luo SK, Wang HB. Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cannot Distinctively Promote Graft Survival in Cryopreservation Fat Grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2117-2129. [PMID: 37400586 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreserved fat has limited clinical applications due to its rapid absorption, high degree of fibrosis, and risk of complications after grafting. Many studies have verified that Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) can improve fresh fat graft survival. This study assessed whether ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from human ADSCs were subcutaneously engrafted with adipose tissues stored under different conditions (fresh; cryopreserved for 1 month) into the backs of BALB/c nude mice (n = 24), and exosomes or PBS were administered weekly. Grafts were harvested at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and fat retention rate, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS At 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the transfer, cryopreserved fat grafts in groups of exosome-treated showed better fat integrity, fewer oil cysts, and reduced fibrosis. Further investigations of macrophage infiltration and neovascularization revealed that those exosomes increased the number of M2 macrophages at 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05), but had limited impact on vascularization (p>0.05). It's important to note that no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the two groups in both histological and immunohistochemical evaluations at 8 weeks post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts in the short term (within 4 weeks), but the overall improvement was poor (after 8 weeks). This suggests that the utility of using ADSC-Exos to treat cryopreserved adipose tissue grafts is limited. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Qing Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Ren Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Namini MS, Daneshimehr F, Beheshtizadeh N, Mansouri V, Ai J, Jahromi HK, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles: a promising therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:254. [PMID: 37726794 PMCID: PMC10510237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the public health concerns that can result in a loss of sensory or motor function in the areas in which injured and non-injured nerves come together. Up until now, there has been no optimized therapy for complete nerve regeneration after PNI. Exosome-based therapies are an emerging and effective therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Exosomes, as natural extracellular vesicles, contain bioactive molecules for intracellular communications and nervous tissue function, which could overcome the challenges of cell-based therapies. Furthermore, the bioactivity and ability of exosomes to deliver various types of agents, such as proteins and microRNA, have made exosomes a potential approach for neurotherapeutics. However, the type of cell origin, dosage, and targeted delivery of exosomes still pose challenges for the clinical translation of exosome therapeutics. In this review, we have focused on Schwann cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in nerve tissue regeneration. Also, we expressed the current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes related to nerve regeneration and provided insights for developing a cell-free MSC therapeutic strategy for nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Salehi Namini
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Daneshimehr
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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16
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van de Wakker SI, Meijers FM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1043-1061. [PMID: 37280097 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application of stem cell-derived EVs has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, the exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect have not been fully clarified. This may to a large extent be attributed to a lack of knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest that EVs represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles with distinct functions. The heterogeneity of EVs can be attributed to differences in their biogenesis, and as such, they can be classified into distinct populations that can then be further subcategorized into various subpopulations. A better understanding of EV heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action in tissue regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest insights on EV heterogeneity related to tissue repair, including the different characteristics that contribute to such heterogeneity and the functional differences among EV subtypes. It also sheds light on the challenges that hinder clinical translation of EVs. Additionally, innovative EV isolation techniques for studying EV heterogeneity are discussed. Improved knowledge of active EV subtypes would promote the development of tailored EV therapies and aid researchers in the translation of EV-based therapeutics to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Within this review we discuss the differences in regenerative properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations and implications of EV heterogeneity for development of EV-based therapeutics. We aim to provide new insights into which aspects are leading to heterogeneity in EV preparations and stress the importance of EV heterogeneity studies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Fleur Michelle Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
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17
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Shi J, Teo KYW, Zhang S, Lai RC, Rosa V, Tong HJ, Duggal MS, Lim SK, Toh WS. Mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes enhance dental pulp cell functions and promote pulp-dentin regeneration. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 11:100078. [PMID: 37283805 PMCID: PMC10239699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapies are currently being explored for dental pulp regeneration. As the therapeutic effects of MSCs in tissue repair are mediated mainly through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, we investigated here the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms modulated by MSC exosomes in dental pulp regeneration. Using dental pulp cell (DPC) cultures, we demonstrated that MSC exosomes could increase DPC migration, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation. The enhancement of these cellular processes was mediated through exosomal CD73-mediated adenosine receptor activation of AKT and ERK signaling. Consistent with these observations, MSC exosomes increased the expression of dentin matrix proteins and promoted the formation of dentin-like tissue and bridge-like structures in a rat pulp defect model. These effects were comparable to that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) treatment. MSC exosomes also yielded recellularized pulp-dentin tissues in the root canal of endodontically-treated human premolars, following subcutaneous implantation in the mouse dorsum. Together, our findings suggest that MSC exosomes could exert a multi-faceted effect on DPC functions including migration, proliferation and odontogenic differentiation to promote dental pulp regeneration. This study provides the basis for development of MSC exosomes as a cell-free MSC therapeutic alternative for pulp-dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shipin Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Zhuang X, Jiang Y, Yang X, Fu L, Luo L, Dong Z, Zhao J, Hei F. Advances of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles as a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from bench to clinic. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244930. [PMID: 37711624 PMCID: PMC10497773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury characterized by diffuse alveolar damage. The period prevalence of ARDS was 10.4% of ICU admissions in 50 countries. Although great progress has been made in supportive care, the hospital mortality rate of severe ARDS is still up to 46.1%. Moreover, up to now, there is no effective pharmacotherapy for ARDS and most clinical trials focusing on consistently effective drugs have met disappointing results. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have spawned intense interest of a wide range of researchers and clinicians due to their robust anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and tissue regeneration properties. A growing body of evidence from preclinical studies confirmed the promising therapeutic potential of MSCs and their EVs in the treatment of ARDS. Based on the inspiring experimental results, clinical trials have been designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of MSCs and their EVs in ARDS patients. Moreover, trials exploring their optimal time window and regimen of drug administration are ongoing. Therefore, this review aims to present an overview of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived EVs, therapeutic mechanisms for ARDS and research progress that has been made over the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feilong Hei
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Hennigan K, Lavik E. Nature vs. Manmade: Comparing Exosomes and Liposomes for Traumatic Brain Injury. AAPS J 2023; 25:83. [PMID: 37610471 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities is a significant public health burden, causing a range of effects that can lead to death or a diminished quality of life. Liposomes and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are two drug delivery agents with potential to be leveraged in the treatment of TBI by increasing the efficacy of drug therapies as well as having additional therapeutic effects. They exhibit several physical similarities, but key differences affect their performances as nanocarriers. Liposomes can be produced commercially at scale, and liposomes achieve higher encapsulation efficiency. Meanwhile, the intrinsic cargo and targeting moieties of exosomes, which liposomes lack, give exosomes a greater ability to facilitate neural regeneration, and exosomes do not trigger the infusion reactions that liposomes can. However, there are concerns about both exosomes and liposomes regarding interactions with tumors. The same routes of administration can be used for both exosomes and liposomes, resulting in somewhat different distribution throughout the body. While the effect of the nanocarrier type on accumulation in the brain is not concrete, targeting leads to increased accumulation of both exosomes and liposomes in the brain, upon which on-demand release can be used for both drug deliverers. Although neither have been applied to TBI in humans, preclinical trials have shown their immense potential, as have clinical trials pertaining to other brain injuries and conditions. While questions remain, research thus far shows that the various differences make exosomes a better choice of nanocarrier for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hennigan
- Marriotts Ridge High School, Ellicott City, Maryland, 21042, USA
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
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20
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Roefs MT, Bauzá-Martinez J, van de Wakker SI, Qin J, Olijve WT, Tuinte R, Rozeboom M, Snijders Blok C, Mol EA, Wu W, Vader P, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote angiogenesis through both associated- and co-isolated proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:800. [PMID: 37528162 PMCID: PMC10393955 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that play a role in intercellular communication. Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived EVs have been shown to protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via pro-angiogenic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying CPC-EV-induced angiogenesis remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the ability of CPC-EVs to induce in vitro angiogenesis and to stimulate pro-survival pathways was lost upon EV donor cell exposure to calcium ionophore. Proteomic comparison of active and non-active EV preparations together with phosphoproteomic analysis of activated endothelial cells identified the contribution of candidate protein PAPP-A and the IGF-R signaling pathway in EV-mediated cell activation, which was further validated using in vitro angiogenesis assays. Upon further purification using iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation, EVs partly lost their activity, suggesting a co-stimulatory role of co-isolated proteins in recipient cell activation. Our increased understanding of the mechanisms of CPC-EV-mediated cell activation will pave the way to more efficient EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiabin Qin
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Theodoor Olijve
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Tuinte
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Rozeboom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Alise Mol
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Bhujel B, Oh SH, Kim CM, Yoon YJ, Kim YJ, Chung HS, Ye EA, Lee H, Kim JY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Corneal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10917. [PMID: 37446091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea, with its delicate structure, is vulnerable to damage from physical, chemical, and genetic factors. Corneal transplantation, including penetrating and lamellar keratoplasties, can restore the functions of the cornea in cases of severe damage. However, the process of corneal transplantation presents considerable obstacles, including a shortage of available donors, the risk of severe graft rejection, and potentially life-threatening complications. Over the past few decades, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a novel alternative approach to corneal regeneration. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of MSCs to differentiate into different corneal cell types, such as keratocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. MSCs are considered a suitable candidate for corneal regeneration because of their promising therapeutic perspective and beneficial properties. MSCs compromise unique immunomodulation, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties and secrete various growth factors, thus promoting corneal reconstruction. These effects in corneal engineering are mediated by MSCs differentiating into different lineages and paracrine action via exosomes. Early studies have proven the roles of MSC-derived exosomes in corneal regeneration by reducing inflammation, inhibiting neovascularization, and angiogenesis, and by promoting cell proliferation. This review highlights the contribution of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes, their current usage status to overcome corneal disease, and their potential to restore different corneal layers as novel therapeutic agents. It also discusses feasible future possibilities, applications, challenges, and opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Bhujel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Heon Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wu S, Benny M, Duara J, Williams K, Tan A, Schmidt A, Young KC. Extracellular vesicles: pathogenic messengers and potential therapy for neonatal lung diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1205882. [PMID: 37397144 PMCID: PMC10311919 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1205882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of nano-sized membranous structures increasingly recognized as mediators of intercellular and inter-organ communication. EVs contain a cargo of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and their cargo composition is highly dependent on the biological function of the parental cells. Their cargo is protected from the extracellular environment by the phospholipid membrane, thus allowing for safe transport and delivery of their intact cargo to nearby or distant target cells, resulting in modification of the target cell's gene expression, signaling pathways and overall function. The highly selective, sophisticated network through which EVs facilitate cell signaling and modulate cellular processes make studying EVs a major focus of interest in understanding various biological functions and mechanisms of disease. Tracheal aspirate EV-miRNA profiling has been suggested as a potential biomarker for respiratory outcome in preterm infants and there is strong preclinical evidence showing that EVs released from stem cells protect the developing lung from the deleterious effects of hyperoxia and infection. This article will review the role of EVs as pathogenic messengers, biomarkers, and potential therapies for neonatal lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joanne Duara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - April Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen C. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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23
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Wu H, Qian X, Liang G. The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Myocardial Protection: a Review of Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x. [PMID: 37227567 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered one of the most promising biological therapies in recent years. The protective effect of MSCs-derived SEVs on myocardium is mainly related to their ability to deliver cargo, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and other factors. Herein, this review focuses on the biological properties, isolation methods, and functions of SEVs. Then, the roles and potential mechanisms of SEVs and engineered SEVs in myocardial protection are summarized. Finally, the current situation of clinical research on SEVs, the difficulties encountered, and the future fore-ground of SEVs are discussed. In conclusion, although there are some technical difficulties and conceptual contradictions in the research of SEVs, the unique biological functions of SEVs provide a new direction for the development of regenerative medicine. Further exploration is warranted to establish a solid experimental and theoretical basis for future clinical application of SEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingkai Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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24
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Teo KYW, Zhang S, Loh JT, Lai RC, Hey HWD, Lam KP, Lim SK, Toh WS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Mediate M2-like Macrophage Polarization through CD73/Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051489. [PMID: 37242732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes have been shown to alleviate immune dysfunction and inflammation in preclinical animal models. This therapeutic effect is attributed, in part, to their ability to promote the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. One polarization mechanism has been shown to involve the activation of the MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by the presence of extra domain A-fibronectin (EDA-FN) within the MSC exosomes. Here, we uncovered an additional mechanism where MSC exosomes mediate M2-like macrophage polarization through exosomal CD73 activity. Specifically, we observed that polarization of M2-like macrophages by MSC exosomes was abolished in the presence of inhibitors of CD73 activity, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, and AKT/ERK phosphorylation. These findings suggest that MSC exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization by catalyzing the production of adenosine, which then binds to adenosine receptors A2A and A2B to activate AKT/ERK-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, CD73 represents an additional critical attribute of MSC exosomes in mediating M2-like macrophage polarization. These findings have implications for predicting the immunomodulatory potency of MSC exosome preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Jia Tong Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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25
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Malekpour K, Hazrati A, Soudi S, Roshangar L, Pourfathollah AA, Ahmadi M. Combinational administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and metformin reduces inflammatory responses in an in vitro model of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15489. [PMID: 37153436 PMCID: PMC10160701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly common metabolic disorder in advanced societies. One of the causes of diabetes is insulin resistance, which is associated with a loss of sensitivity to insulin-sensitive cells. Insulin resistance develops in the body of a person prone to diabetes many years before diabetes development. Insulin resistance is associated with complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia and causes liver inflammation, which, if left untreated, can lead to cirrhosis, fibrosis, and even liver cancer. Metformin is the first line of treatment for patients with diabetes, which lowers blood sugar and increases insulin sensitivity by inhibiting gluconeogenesis in liver cells. The use of metformin has side effects, including a metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and upset stomach. For this reason, other treatments, along with metformin, are being developed. Considering the anti-inflammatory role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes, their use seems to help improve liver tissue function and prevent damage caused by inflammation. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Wharton's jelly MSCs derived exosomes in combination with metformin in the HepG2 cells insulin resistance model induced by high glucose. This study showed that MSCs derived exosomes as an anti-inflammatory agent in combination with metformin could increase the therapeutic efficacy of metformin without needing to change metformin doses by decreasing inflammatory cytokines production, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Zhang B, Zhang B, Lai RC, Sim WK, Lam KP, Lim SK. MSC-sEV Treatment Polarizes Pro-Fibrotic M2 Macrophages without Exacerbating Liver Fibrosis in NASH. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098092. [PMID: 37175803 PMCID: PMC10179074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have shown promise in treating a wide range of animal models of various human diseases, which has led to their consideration for clinical translation. However, the possibility of contraindication for MSC-sEV use is an important consideration. One concern is that MSC-sEVs have been shown to induce M2 macrophage polarization, which is known to be pro-fibrotic, potentially indicating contraindication in fibrotic diseases such as liver fibrosis. Despite this concern, previous studies have shown that MSC-sEVs alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To assess whether the pro-fibrotic M2 macrophage polarization induced by MSC-sEVs could worsen liver fibrosis, we first verified that our MSC-sEV preparations could promote M2 polarization in vitro prior to their administration in a mouse model of NASH. Our results showed that treatment with MSC-sEVs reduced or had comparable NAFLD Activity Scores and liver fibrosis compared to vehicle- and Telmisartan-treated animals, respectively. Although CD163+ M2 macrophages were increased in the liver, and serum IL-6 levels were reduced in MSC-sEV treated animals, our data suggests that MSC-sEV treatment was efficacious in reducing liver fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH despite an increase in pro-fibrotic M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wei Kian Sim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of Medicine, NUS, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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27
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Mahindran E, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Ahmad Amin Noordin KB, Tan YF, Nordin F. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Hype or Hope for Skeletal Muscle Anti-Frailty. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097833. [PMID: 37175537 PMCID: PMC10178115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Steadily rising population ageing is a global demographic trend due to the advancement of new treatments and technologies in the medical field. This trend also indicates an increasing prevalence of age-associated diseases, such as loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), which tends to afflict the older population. The deterioration in muscle function can cause severe disability and seriously affects a patient's quality of life. Currently, there is no treatment to prevent and reverse age-related skeletal muscle ageing frailty. Existing interventions mainly slow down and control the signs and symptoms. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) therapy is a promising approach to attenuate age-related skeletal muscle ageing frailty. However, more studies, especially large-scale randomised clinical trials need to be done in order to determine the adequacy of MSC-EV therapy in treating age-related skeletal muscle ageing frailty. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes regarding skeletal muscle ageing frailty and the potential of MSC-EV transplantation as a regenerative therapy for age-related skeletal muscle ageing frailty and its clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elancheleyen Mahindran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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28
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Lotfy A, AboQuella NM, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 37024925 PMCID: PMC10079493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in cell therapy because of their robust immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Their paracrine activity is one of the most important features that contribute to their efficacy. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the production of various factors via extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, governs the principal efficacy of MSCs after infusion in experimental models. Compared to MSCs themselves, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have provided significant advantages by efficiently decreasing unfavorable adverse effects, such as infusion-related toxicities. MSC-Exos is becoming a promising cell-free therapeutic tool and an increasing number of clinical studies started to assess the therapeutic effect of MSC-Exos in different diseases. In this review, we summarized the ongoing and completed clinical studies using MSC-Exos for immunomodulation, regenerative medicine, gene delivery, and beyond. Additionally, we summarized MSC-Exos production methods utilized in these studies with an emphasis on MSCs source, MSC-Exos isolation methods, characterization, dosage, and route of administration. Lastly, we discussed the current challenges and future directions of exosome utilization in different clinical studies as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lotfy
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Noha M AboQuella
- International Graduate Program Medical Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Wu KY, Ahmad H, Lin G, Carbonneau M, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041167. [PMID: 37111652 PMCID: PMC10142951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has exhibited rapid growth. Due to their regenerative, reparatory, and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents in the cell-based treatment of chronic ophthalmic pathologies. However, the applicability of MSC-based therapy is limited by suboptimal biocompatibility, penetration, and delivery to the target ocular tissues. An emerging body of research has elucidated the role of exosomes in the biological functions of MSCs, and that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties similar to MSCs. The recent advances in MSCs-derived exosomes can serve as solutions to the challenges faced by MSCs-therapy. Due to their nano-dimensions, MSC-derived exosomes can rapidly penetrate biological barriers and reach immune-privileged organs, allowing for efficient delivery of therapeutic factors such as trophic and immunomodulatory agents to ocular tissues that are typically challenging to target by conventional therapy and MSCs transplantation. In addition, the use of EVs minimizes the risks associated with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In this literature review, we focus on the studies published between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the characteristics of EVs derived from MSCs and their biological functions in treating anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of EVs in clinical settings. Rapid advancements in regenerative medicine and exosome-based drug delivery, in conjunction with an increased understanding of ocular pathology and pharmacology, hold great promise for the treatment of ocular diseases. The potential of exosome-based therapies is exciting and can revolutionize the way we approach these ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery-Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Hamza Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Grace Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marjorie Carbonneau
- Department of Surgery-Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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30
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Ramesh D, Bakkannavar S, Bhat VR, Sharan K. Extracellular vesicles as novel drug delivery systems to target cancer and other diseases: Recent advancements and future perspectives. F1000Res 2023; 12:329. [PMID: 37868300 PMCID: PMC10589634 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles produced into the extracellular space by cells. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBD), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes are examples of EVs, which act as essential regulators in cell-cell communication in both normal and diseased conditions. Natural cargo molecules such as miRNA, messenger RNA, and proteins are carried by EVs and transferred to nearby cells or distant cells through the process of circulation. Different signalling cascades are then influenced by these functionally active molecules. The information to be delivered to the target cells depends on the substances within the EVs that also includes synthesis method. EVs have attracted interest as potential delivery vehicles for therapies due to their features such as improved circulation stability, biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, and toxicity. Therefore, EVs are being regarded as potent carriers of therapeutics that can be used as a therapeutic agent for diseases like cancer. This review focuses on the exosome-mediated drug delivery to cancer cells and the advantages and challenges of using exosomes as a carrier molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramesh
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shankar Bakkannavar
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vinutha R Bhat
- Biochemistry, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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31
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Heydari R, Koohi F, Rasouli M, Rezaei K, Abbasgholinejad E, Bekeschus S, Doroudian M. Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030687. [PMID: 36992270 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that causes systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and joint abnormalities that result in permanent disability. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles found in mammals (40–100 nm). They are a transporter of lipids, proteins, and genetic material involved in mammalian cell–cell signaling, biological processes, and cell signaling. Exosomes have been identified as playing a role in rheumatoid arthritis-related joint inflammation (RA). Uniquely functioning extracellular vesicles (EVs) are responsible for the transport of autoantigens and mediators between distant cells. In addition, paracrine factors, such as exosomes, modulate the immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to transporting genetic information, exosomes convey miRNAs between cells and have been studied as drug delivery vehicles. In animal models, it has been observed that MSCs secrete EVs with immunomodulatory properties, and promising results have been observed in this area. By understanding the diversity of exosomal contents and their corresponding targets, it may be possible to diagnose autoimmune diseases. Exosomes can be employed as diagnostic biomarkers for immunological disorders. We here discuss the most recent findings regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles in rheumatoid arthritis and provide an overview of the evidence pertaining to the biology of exosomes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Koohi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Milad Rasouli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Kharazmi University, 49 Dr. Mofatteh Ave, Tehran 15614, Iran
| | - Kimia Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Elham Abbasgholinejad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
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32
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Yang H, Zhang H, Gu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zen K, Li D. Comparative Analyses of Human Exosome Proteomes. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0. [PMID: 36892742 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are responsible for cell-to-cell communication and serves as a valuable drug delivery vehicle. However, exosome heterogeneity, non-standardized isolation methods and proteomics/bioinformatics approaches limit its clinical applications. To better understand exosome heterogeneity, biological function and molecular mechanism of its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, techniques in proteomics or bioinformatics were applied to investigate human embryonic kidney cell (293T cell line)-derived exosome proteome and enable an integrative comparison of exosomal proteins and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of eleven exosome proteomes extracted from diverse human samples, including 293T (two datasets), dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, thymic epithelial primary cell, breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), patient neuroblastoma cell, plasma, saliva, serum and urine. Mapping of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake-related proteins onto exosome proteomes highlights exosomal origin-specific routes of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake and exosome-dependent intercellular communication. The finding provides insight into comparative exosome proteomes and its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, and potentially contributes to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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33
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Mot YY, Moses EJ, Mohd Yusoff N, Ling KH, Yong YK, Tan JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Exosome and the Roles in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:469-489. [PMID: 35103872 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in life-long disabilities and death. Though the mechanical insult causes primary injury, the secondary injury due to dysregulated responses following neuronal apoptosis and inflammation is often the cause for more detrimental consequences. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) has been extensively investigated as the emerging therapeutic for TBI, and the functional properties are chiefly attributed to their secretome, especially the exosomes. Delivering these nanosize exosomes have shown to ameliorate post-traumatic injury and restore brain functions. Recent technology advances also allow engineering MSC-derived exosomes to carry specific biomolecules of interest to augment their therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of TBI and summarize the recent progress in the applications of MSCs-derived exosomes, the roles and the signalling mechanisms underlying the protective effects in the treatment of the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yik Mot
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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34
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van de Looij SM, de Jong OG, Vermonden T, Lorenowicz MJ. Injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles in cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:685-708. [PMID: 36739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of small vesicles secreted by essentially all cell types, containing a wide variety of biological macromolecules. Due to their intrinsic capabilities for efficient intercellular communication, they are involved in various aspects of cellular functioning. In the past decade, EVs derived from stem cells attracted interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Owing to their regenerative properties, they have great potential for use in tissue repair, in particular for tissues with limited regenerative capabilities such as cartilage. The maintenance of articular cartilage is dependent on a precarious balance of many different components that can be disrupted by the onset of prevalent rheumatic diseases. However, while cartilage is a tissue with strong mechanical properties that can withstand movement and heavy loads for years, it is virtually incapable of repairing itself after damage has occurred. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) transport regenerative components such as proteins and nucleic acids from their parental cells to recipient cells, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Many possible pathways through which SC-EVs execute their regenerative function have been reported, but likely there are still numerous other pathways that are still unknown. This review discusses various preclinical studies investigating intra-articular injections of free SC-EVs, which, while often promoting chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo, showed a recurring limitation of the need for multiple administrations to achieve sufficient tissue regeneration. Potentially, this drawback can be overcome by making use of an EV delivery platform that is capable of sustainably releasing EVs over time. With their remarkable versatility and favourable chemical, biological and mechanical properties, hydrogels can facilitate this release profile by encapsulating EVs in their porous structure. Ideally, the optimal delivery platform can be formed in-situ, by means of an injectable hydrogel that can be administered directly into the affected joint. Relevant research fulfilling these criteria is discussed in detail, including the steps that still need to be taken before injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of EVs can be applied in the context of cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van de Looij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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35
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HuMSC-EV induce monocyte/macrophage mobilization to orchestrate neovascularization in wound healing process following radiation injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:38. [PMID: 36725841 PMCID: PMC9892506 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HuMSC-EV)-induced proangiogenic paracrine effects after radiation injury. HuMSC-EV were locally administered in mice hindlimb following 80-Gy X-ray irradiation and animals were monitored at different time points. HuMSC-EV improved neovascularization of the irradiated tissue, by stimulating angiogenesis, normalizing cutaneous blood perfusion, and increasing capillary density and production of proangiogenic factors. HuMSC-EV also stimulated vasculogenesis by promoting the recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors. Moreover, HuMSC-EV improved arteriogenesis by increasing the mobilization of monocytes from the spleen and the bone marrow and their recruitment into the muscle, with a pro-inflammatory potential. Importantly, monocyte depletion by clodronate treatment abolished the proangiogenic effect of HuMSC-EV. The critical role of Ly6C(hi) monocyte subset in HuMSC-EV-induced neovascularization process was further confirmed using Ccr2-/- mice. This study demonstrates that HuMSC-derived EV enhances the neovascularization process in the irradiated tissue by increasing the production of proangiogenic factors, promoting the recruitment of vascular progenitor cells, and the mobilization of innate cells to the injured site. These results support the concept that HuMSC-EV might represent a suitable alternative to stem cells for therapeutic neovascularization in tissue repair.
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36
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Suo Z. An Effective Peptide-Based Platform for Efficient Exosomal Loading and Cellular Delivery of a microRNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3851-3866. [PMID: 36638205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-bound nanosized vesicles of biologic origin, are known to contain various molecules, e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which contribute to the exosomes' ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Recent impediments of artificial nanoparticles in drug delivery, including low cellular uptake, activation of the immune system, and tissue obstacles, have led scientists to engineer exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. Though exosomes possess inherent properties of stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and capability to cross biological barriers, there is a need to develop technologies that allow the efficient loading of therapeutic materials into exosomes. Here, we introduced a simple peptide-equipped technology that can enhance the cargo-loading potential of exosomes in a mild loading environment. Specifically, a known cell-penetrating peptide, YARA, derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 trans-activator of transcription, was covalently conjugated with miR-21-5p, a mammalian microRNA. The conjugate YARA-miR-21-5p was then incubated with exosomes, isolated from either mesenchymal stem cells or cancer cells, for loading. Exosomal loading of YARA-miR-21-5p was time-dependent and demonstrated an impressive 18.6-fold increase in efficiency over exosomal loading of miR-21-5p through incubation. After effective cellular uptake, the loaded exosomes rapidly delivered YARA-miR-21-5p into mammalian cells. Relative to unloaded exosomes and free YARA-miR-21-5p, the loaded exosomes significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human and mouse fibroblasts, which are vital steps in wound healing. This study lays the groundwork for using cell-penetrating peptides as an innovative approach to efficiently load therapeutic cargos, e.g., microRNAs, into exosomes, which can then be employed to deliver the cargos into cells to yield biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Kia V, Eshaghi-Gorji R, Mansour RN, Hassannia H, Hasanzadeh E, Gheibi M, Mellati A, Enderami SE. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs as Potential Leads for SARSCoV2 Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:35-53. [PMID: 35473518 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220426115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a betacoronavirus was isolated from pneumonia cases in China and rapidly turned into a pandemic of COVID-19. The virus is an enveloped positive-sense ssRNA and causes a severe respiratory syndrome along with a cytokine storm, which is the main cause of most complications. Therefore, treatments that can effectively control the inflammatory reactions are necessary. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs are well-known for their immunomodulatory effects, inflammation reduction, and regenerative potentials. These effects are exerted through paracrine secretion of various factors. Their EVs also transport various molecules such as microRNAs to other cells and affect recipient cells' behavior. Scores of research and clinical trials have indicated the therapeutic potential of EVs in various diseases. EVs also seem to be a promising approach for severe COVID-19 treatment. EVs have also been used to develop vaccines since EVs are biocompatible nanoparticles that can be easily isolated and engineered. In this review, we have focused on the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their EVs for the treatment of COVID-19, their therapeutic capabilities, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Eshaghi-Gorji
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mobina Gheibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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38
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Yin T, Liu Y, Ji W, Zhuang J, Chen X, Gong B, Chu J, Liang W, Gao J, Yin Y. Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A state-of-the-art multifunctional weapon against Alzheimer's disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:1264-1285. [PMID: 36923533 PMCID: PMC10008732 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is also increasing. According to current estimates, approximately 11% of people over 65 suffer from AD, and that percentage rises to 42% among people over 85. However, no effective treatment capable of decelerating or stopping AD progression is available. Furthermore, AD-targeted drugs composed of synthetic molecules pose concerns regarding biodegradation, clearance, immune response, and neurotoxicity. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are essential intercellular communication mediators holding great promise as AD therapeutics owing to their biocompatibility, versatility, effortless storage, superior safety, and the ability to transport messenger and noncoding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNAs, and other bioactive compounds derived from cells. The functionalisation and engineering strategies of MSC-EVs are highlighted (e.g. preconditioning, drug loading, surface modification, and artificial EV fabrication), which could improve AD treatment by multiple therapeutic effects, including clearing abnormal protein accumulation and achieving neuroprotection and immunomodulatory effects. Herein, this review summarises state-of-the-art strategies to engineer MSC-EVs, discusses progress in their use as AD therapeutics, presents the perspectives and challenges associated with the related clinical applications, and concludes that engineered MSC-EVs show immense potential in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital; Clinical pharmacy innovation institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China.,Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wendanqi Liang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
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39
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Kojima H, Kushige H, Yagi H, Nishijima T, Moritoki N, Nagoshi N, Nakano Y, Tanaka M, Hori S, Hasegawa Y, Abe Y, Kitago M, Nakamura M, Kitagawa Y. Combinational Treatment Involving Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increased the Efficacy of Cell Therapy in Pancreatitis. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231170437. [PMID: 37191199 PMCID: PMC10192953 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231170437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a promising approach to repairing and regenerating injured or impaired organs. However, the survival and retention of MSCs following transplantation remain a challenge. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of co-transplantation of MSCs and decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels, which have high cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. The dECM solution was prepared by enzymatic digestion of an acellular porcine liver scaffold. It could be gelled and formed into porous fibrillar microstructures at physiological temperatures. MSCs expanded three-dimensionally in the hydrogel without cell death. Compared to the 2-dimensional cell culture, MSCs cultured in the hydrogel showed increased secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), both of which are major anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic paracrine factors of MSCs, under TNFα stimulation. In vivo experiments showed that the co-transplantation of MSCs with dECM hydrogel improved the survival rate of engrafted cells compared to those administered without the hydrogel. MSCs also demonstrated therapeutic effects in improving inflammation and fibrosis of pancreatic tissue in a dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)-induced rat pancreatitis model. Combinational use of dECM hydrogel with MSCs is a new strategy to overcome the challenges of cell therapy using MSCs and can be used for treating chronic inflammatory diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kushige
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishijima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Hori
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Cell Functions in Dry Eye Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010033. [PMID: 36611828 PMCID: PMC9818747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the therapeutic efficacy of Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) and its inhibition of the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in dry eye disease (DED). MSC-EVs were isolated from the culture supernatants of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and characterized. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium to simulate the DED hyperosmotic environment and treated with MSC-EVs. Cell viability was assessed, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines was quantified. Next, we induced DED in female C57BL/6 mice and divided the mice into groups treated with either MSC-EVs or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) eye drops. Disease severity was assessed; mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by RT-PCR; and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Lastly, we evaluated DCs by immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis to assess its amounts and maturation. MSC-EVs showed protective effects on HCECs under hyperosmotic stress in vitro, suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, mice topically treated with MSC-Evs presented reduced DED disease severity compared to PBS-treated mice. MSC-Evs downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as the frequency of Th17 cells. Further investigation showed that MSC-EVs suppressed the increase of amounts and the maturation of DCs in DED. Changes of morphological characters of DCs were also inhibited by MSC-EVs. Our study revealed that MSC-EVs suppressed ocular surface inflammation by inhibiting DCs activation-mediated Th17 immune responses, explicating the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in DED and other ocular surface diseases.
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Jin M, Zhang S, Wang M, Li Q, Ren J, Luo Y, Sun X. Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of ischemic stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:980548. [PMID: 36588958 PMCID: PMC9800834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.980548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop early brain tissue perfusion therapies following acute stroke and to enhance functional recovery in stroke survivors. The morbidity, therapy, and recovery processes are highly orchestrated interactions involving the brain with other tissues. Exosomes are natural and ideal mediators of intercellular information transfer and recognized as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Changes in exosome contents express throughout the physiological process. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the use of exosomes in exploring unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication and organ homeostasis and indicates their potential role in ischemic stroke. Inspired by the unique properties of exosomes, this review focuses on the communication, diagnosis, and therapeutic role of various derived exosomes, and their development and challenges for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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Ma S, Zhang Y, Li S, Li A, Li Y, Pei D. Engineering exosomes for bone defect repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1091360. [PMID: 36568296 PMCID: PMC9768454 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, bone defect repair is still an intractable clinical problem. Numerous treatments have been performed, but their clinical results are unsatisfactory. As a key element of cell-free therapy, exosome is becoming a promising tool of bone regeneration in recent decades, because of its promoting osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation function in vivo and in vitro. However, low yield, weak activity, inefficient targeting ability, and unpredictable side effects of natural exosomes have limited the clinical application. To overcome the weakness, various approaches have been applied to produce engineering exosomes by regulating their production and function at present. In this review, we will focus on the engineering exosomes for bone defect repair. By summarizing the exosomal cargos affecting osteogenesis, the strategies of engineering exosomes and properties of exosome-integrated biomaterials, this work will provide novel insights into exploring advanced engineering exosome-based cell-free therapy for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ye Li
- *Correspondence: Ye Li, ; Dandan Pei,
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AbuBakr N, Fares AE, Mostafa A, Farag DB. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived microvesicles versus platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of monoiodoacetate-induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in Albino rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10857. [PMID: 36212013 PMCID: PMC9539788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a serious disease, designated by severe joint pain and dysfunction. Limitations of current therapeutics have led to an increased interest in regenerative strategies. Recently, the non-surgical treatment of OA has seen increased use of biologic injectable therapies like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Although these biotherapies represent an admirable effort, more studies are necessary to determine their efficacy. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of a single intra-articular injection of bone marrow MSCs-derived microvesicles (BM-MSCs-MVs) versus a single intra-articular injection of PRP in monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced TMJ-OA model in Albino rats. Forty-eight male rats were used. A single intra-articular unilateral MIA injection was utilized to induce TMJ-OA. One week post induction, rats were sorted into 3 groups (16 rats each): group (I): received no treatment, groups (II) & (III): received BM-MSCs-MVs and PRP respectively. Scarification was done at 2 and 4 weeks from onset of treatment. Histological changes of the condylar TMJ were examined with H&E staining. Expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-13, MMP-3, and collagen ΙΙ markers was detected using real-time PCR. Histologically, the osteoarthritic group exhibited degenerated condylar tissues which were aggravated at 4 weeks. Oppositely, a marked improvement in the condylar TMJ histology was noticed in both the BM-MSCs-MVs-and PRP-treated groups at both time intervals. Additionally, the treated groups showed a decrease in IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-13 and MMP-3 and an increase in collagen ΙΙ genes expression in contrast to the untreated group. Moreover, this difference was significant in the BM-MSCs-MVs group as compared to the PRP-treated group. Our results concluded that BM-MSCs-MVs as well as PRP treatments were able to target the key pathological features in OA, mainly inflammation and matrix degradation, and helped in restoring condylar structure in TMJ-OA rat model. However, BM-MSCs-MVs treatment exhibited more efficient therapeutic potential as compared to PRP treatment.
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Parsaei H, Moosavifar MJ, Eftekharzadeh M, Ramezani R, Barati M, Mirzaei S, Nobakht M. Exosomes to control glioblastoma multiforme: Investigating the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on C6 cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2028-2040. [PMID: 36098338 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common, aggressive, fast-growing tumor of the central nervous system that currently has no effective treatment. Although stem cell therapy has shown promising in vitro achievements, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has always been a major hurdle to clinical success. To overcome this challenge, exosomes have been targeted as attractive drug delivery agents in numerous studies since they are small enough to enter the BBB. Furthermore, exosomes' characteristics and compositions are directly determined by the parent cell and these heritable traits affect their cell interactions. This article focuses on exosomes as an alternative to stem cell therapy to regulate glioma cell activity. Exosomes were isolated from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) by ultracentrifugation method and then characterized via western blot, dynamic light scattering, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Next, various concentrations of the exosomes were incubated with C6 cells and their effects at different time points were evaluated in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Annexin/Pi assay results confirmed that the isolated exosomes cause cell death mostly through apoptosis, and a linear correlation was observed between exosomes' concentration and their cytotoxicity. Following that, the scratch test, colony formation test, and Transwell assay confirmed exosomes' significant impact on the migration and invasion behavior of C6 cells. For the first time, rBMMSC-derived exosomes have been used as a single treatment for GBM rather than in combination with other treatments or as a pharmaceutical carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Parsaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Javad Moosavifar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Ramezani
- Department of Family Therapy, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Prostate Cancer Tumor Stroma: Responsibility in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184412. [PMID: 36139572 PMCID: PMC9496870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The crosstalk between prostate stroma and its epithelium is essential to tissue homeostasis. Likewise, reciprocal signaling between tumor cells and the stromal compartment is required in tumor progression to facilitate or stimulate key processes such as cell proliferation and invasion. The aim of the present work was to review the current state of knowledge on the significance of tumor stroma in the genesis, progression and therapeutic response of prostate carcinoma. Additionally, we addressed the future therapeutic opportunities. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer among males globally, and its occurrence is growing worldwide. Clinical decisions about the combination of therapies are becoming highly relevant. However, this is a heterogeneous disease, ranging widely in prognosis. Therefore, new approaches are needed based on tumor biology, from which further prognostic assessments can be established and complementary strategies can be identified. The knowledge of both the morphological structure and functional biology of the PCa stroma compartment can provide new diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic possibilities. In the present review, we analyzed the aspects related to the tumor stromal component (both acellular and cellular) in PCa, their influence on tumor behavior and the therapeutic response and their consideration as a new therapeutic target.
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Luo L, Gong J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cao J, Qin J, Zuo R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao P, Yang D, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Li C, Ni B, Tian Z, Liu M. Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:29-43. [PMID: 35386360 PMCID: PMC8940768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is a common health problem; however, current surgical treatments are less than satisfactory. Thus, it is essential to develop novel non-invasive surgical methods for IVDD treatment. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy to inhibit IVDD by injecting hydrogels modified with the extracellular matrix of costal cartilage (ECM-Gels) that are loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs). After loaded with CESCs overexpressing Sphk2 (Lenti-Sphk2-CESCs) and injected near the cartilage endplate (CEP) of rats in vivo, ECM-Gels produced Sphk2-engineered exosomes (Lenti-Sphk2-Exos). These exosomes penetrated the annulus fibrosus (AF) and transported Sphk2 into the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Sphk2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-AKT pathway as well as the intracellular autophagy of NPCs, ultimately ameliorating IVDD. This study provides a novel and efficient non-invasive combinational strategy for IVDD treatment using injectable ECM-Gels loaded with CESCs that express Sphk2 with sustained release of functional exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding authors. Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaming Cao
- Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. , Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Yang S, Li J, Tang M, Gao X, Liu W, Wei S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardioprotection: A Novel Application to Prevent Myocardial Injury. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:310. [PMID: 39077717 PMCID: PMC11262356 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2309310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Perioperative myocardial injury is a common complication caused by major surgery. Many pharmacological and nonpharmacological studies have investigated perioperative cardioprotection. However, the methods are insufficient to meet the increasing clinical needs for cardioprotection. The application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes (MSC-Exos) is a novel cell-free therapeutic strategy and has significantly benefitted patients suffering from various diseases. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the application of MSC-Exos to prevent myocardial infarction/injury by regulating inflammatory reactions, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy, promoting angiogenesis, and mediating cardiac remodeling. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic effects and the challenges associated with the application of MSC-Exos from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Yang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingbo Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinliang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, Jilin, China
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu S, Ge S. Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898394. [PMID: 36092710 PMCID: PMC9454000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the preferred seed cells for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, MSC transplantation remains questionable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are becoming a promising substitute for MSCs. As a route of the MSC paracrine, EVs have a nano-sized and bilayer lipid-enclosed structure, which can guarantee the integrity of their cargoes, but EVs cannot obtain full function in vivo because of the rapid biodegradation and clearance by phagocytosis. To improve the efficacy and targeting of EVs, methods have been proposed and put into practice, especially engineered vesicles and EV-controlled release systems. In particular, EVs can be cell or tissue targeting because they have cell-specific ligands on their surfaces, but their targeting ability may be eliminated by the biodegradation of the phagocytic system during circulation. Novel application strategies have been proposed beyond direct injecting. EV carriers such as biodegradable hydrogels and other loading systems have been applied in tissue regeneration, and EV engineering is also a brand-new method for higher efficacy. In this review, we distinctively summarize EV engineering and loading system construction methods, emphasizing targeting modification methods and controlled release systems for EVs, which few literature reviews have involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohua Ge,
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Yari H, Mikhailova MV, Mardasi M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M, Shahrokh S, Thangavelu L, Ahmadi H, Shomali N, Yaghoubi Y, Zamani M, Akbari M, Alesaeidi S. Emerging role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosome in neurodegeneration-associated conditions: a groundbreaking cell-free approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:423. [PMID: 35986375 PMCID: PMC9389725 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAccumulating proofs signify that pleiotropic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are not allied to their differentiation competencies but rather are mediated mainly by the releases of soluble paracrine mediators, making them a reasonable therapeutic option to enable damaged tissue repair. Due to their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative attributes, the MSC-derived exosomes hold great potential to treat neurodegeneration-associated neurological diseases. Exosome treatment circumvents drawbacks regarding the direct administration of MSCs, such as tumor formation or reduced infiltration and migration to brain tissue. Noteworthy, MSCs-derived exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and then efficiently deliver their cargo (e.g., protein, miRNAs, lipid, and mRNA) to damaged brain tissue. These biomolecules influence various biological processes (e.g., survival, proliferation, migration, etc.) in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Various studies have shown that the systemic or local administration of MSCs-derived exosome could lead to the favored outcome in animals with neurodegeneration-associated disease mainly by supporting BBB integrity, eliciting pro-angiogenic effects, attenuating neuroinflammation, and promoting neurogenesis in vivo. In the present review, we will deliver an overview of the therapeutic benefits of MSCs-derived exosome therapy to ameliorate the pathological symptoms of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease. Also, the underlying mechanism behind these favored effects has been elucidated.
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Liu C, Xiao K, Xie L. Advances in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:951764. [PMID: 36036014 PMCID: PMC9399751 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.951764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops rapidly and has high mortality. ALI/ARDS is mainly manifested as acute or progressive hypoxic respiratory failure. At present, there is no effective clinical intervention for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise for ALI/ARDS treatment due to their biological characteristics, easy cultivation, low immunogenicity, and abundant sources. The therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs in diseases are related to their homing capability, multidirectional differentiation, anti-inflammatory effect, paracrine signaling, macrophage polarization, the polarization of the MSCs themselves, and MSCs-derived exosomes. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS along with the biological characteristics and mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Xiao, ; Lixin Xie,
| | - Lixin Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Xiao, ; Lixin Xie,
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