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Porto DM, Costa GJ, Torres LC, Casarini DE. Immune checkpoint expression as prognostic biomarker candidates in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38973141 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy has had an important role in oncologic therapeutics for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using checkpoint inhibitors. We will explore the possible prognosis biomarker candidates such as: soluble OX40 (sOX40), OX40L (sOX40L), Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related receptor (GITR), and their ligand (GITRL), 4-1BB or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRS9) and inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients. METHODS Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with advanced NSCLC between January 2019 and March 2020. RESULTS High sOX40 and low s4-1BB levels in smokers compared non-smoker NSCLC patients. Lower sOX40L levels were found in the male than female (p < 0.05). High sOX40 and sGITRL in stage III compared to the stage IV (p < 0.05). With follow-up at 21.4 months, 44.1% and 91.1% were alive in the sGITRhigh and sGITRlow groups, respectively (p = 0.02), and 73.3% and 27.7% were alive in the sGITRLhigh and sGITRLlow groups, respectively (p = 0.02). At 22 months, 38.7% and 92.3% were alive in the sOX40Lhigh and sOX40Llow groups, respectively (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION sGITR, sGITRL, and sOX40L levels were potential prognostic biomarkers and could have an important role as new targets of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. sGITR, sGITRL, sOX40L, and sOX40 levels were associated with smoking, sex, stage, and age in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Maria Porto
- Department of Clinical Research, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Jorge Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Leuridan Cavalcante Torres
- Department of Clinical Research, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Lima CAC, Martins MR, Dos Santos RL, da Silva LM, Da Silva JPA, Forones NM, Torres LC. Soluble levels of 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) are associated with cancer progression in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38853545 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that soluble forms of T-cell costimulatory molecules 4-1BB (s4-1BB) and OX40 (sOX40) interact with immune cells and may constitute a mechanism of immune evasion by tumors in various cancers. The role of the soluble forms of 4-1BB and OX40 in GC remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum levels of s4-1BB and sOX40 and tumor progression in patients with GC. METHODS Between 2017 and 2018, a cross-sectional study was performed with serum samples of 83 GC patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with stage IV metastatic gastric cancer had significantly higher levels of soluble OX40 in comparison with stage III patients with lymph nodes metastasis (p = 0.0003) and stages I and II patients (p = 0.005), whereas the opposite was found for soluble 4-1BB levels, with lower levels being found in advanced stage III (p = 0.003) compared with initial stages I/II. CONCLUSIONS The sOX40 and s4-1BB-mediated T cell interactions may be involved in antitumor immune responses in GC, possibly favoring tumor escape and progression. Serum levels of sOX40 and s4-1BB are associated with staging in GC and may constitute biomarkers for prognosis, as well as potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Araújo Carneiro Lima
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate program in translational medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Real Instituto de Cirurgia Oncológica (RICO-RHP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Mário Rino Martins
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Real Instituto de Cirurgia Oncológica (RICO-RHP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Luiz Dos Santos
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Real Instituto de Cirurgia Oncológica (RICO-RHP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mata da Silva
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate program in translational medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Paulo Assis Da Silva
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate program in translational medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Real Instituto de Cirurgia Oncológica (RICO-RHP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Nora Manoukian Forones
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leuridan Cavalcante Torres
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof CA Hart (IMIP), Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate program in translational medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Shatz-Binder W, Azumaya CM, Leonard B, Vuong I, Sudhamsu J, Rohou A, Liu P, Sandoval W, Bol K, Izadi S, Holder PG, Blanchette C, Perozzo R, Kelley RF, Kalia Y. Adapting Ferritin, a Naturally Occurring Protein Cage, to Modulate Intrinsic Agonism of OX40. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:593-603. [PMID: 38592684 PMCID: PMC11099885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ferritin is a multivalent, self-assembling protein scaffold found in most human cell types, in addition to being present in invertebrates, higher plants, fungi, and bacteria, that offers an attractive alternative to polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS). In this study, the utility of the ferritin cage as a DDS was demonstrated within the context of T cell agonism for tumor killing. Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics. These receptors are endogenously activated by trimeric ligands that occur in transmembrane or soluble forms, and oligomerization and cell-surface anchoring have been shown to be essential aspects of the targeted agonism of this receptor class. Here, we demonstrated that the ferritin cage could be easily tailored for multivalent display of anti-OX40 antibody fragments on its surface and determined that these arrays are capable of pathway activation through cell-surface clustering. Together, these results confirm the utility, versatility, and developability of ferritin as a DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Protein
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Caleigh M. Azumaya
- Structural
Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brandon Leonard
- Antibody
Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Protein
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Structural
Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexis Rohou
- Structural
Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Liu
- Microchemistry,
Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry,
Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karenna Bol
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Business
and Program Management, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Saeed Izadi
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick G. Holder
- Protein
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Craig Blanchette
- Protein
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Robert F. Kelley
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yogeshvar Kalia
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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4
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Aciole MR, Gonçales JP, Neves PAF, Soares CRP, de Oliveira MI, de Melo HRL, de Lima Neto RG, Moura LCRV, Araújo PSR, de Lorena VMB. Levels of soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) increase with clinical worsening of patients and are related to COVID-19 mortality. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152748. [PMID: 38128238 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to inspect the serum levels of the soluble receptors, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, in patients with COVID-19. The large production of inflammatory cytokines is an essential process in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. TNF is a multifaceted proinflammatory cytokine which has soluble and membrane receptors. Thus, knowing the role of these receptors will help better understand this disease's immunopathogenesis. We included 131 patients confirmed for SARS-CoV-2, separated into three groups: ward patients without O2 support, group A (n = 14); ward patients with O2 support, group B (n = 85), and patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), group C (n = 32), making up the receptors dosed by flow cytometry. The results showed that sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 are associated with disease severity, being higher in group C when compared to group A. As for the levels of receptors and their relationship with the degree of lung involvement, we found higher values of sTNFR1 in patients in group 1 (pulmonary involvement < 25%), suggesting that inflammatory processes related to TNF are not necessarily associated with the primary site of infection. When we analysed the patients who passed away compared to those who recovered, both receptors significantly increased the mortality numbers. These findings suggest a relevant influence of soluble receptors in the inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Wherefore, we suggest using these receptors as biomarkers of severity and mortality of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melayne Rocha Aciole
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco - Postgraduate in Tropical Medicine, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Ser Educational Group - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Prado Gonçales
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Ser Educational Group - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Areias Feitosa Neves
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco - Postgraduate in Tropical Medicine, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Iglis de Oliveira
- Federal University of Pernambuco - Postgraduate in Tropical Medicine, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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5
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Remy C, Pintado E, Dunlop M, Schön S, Kleinpeter P, Rozanes H, Fend L, Brandely R, Geist M, Suhner D, Winter E, Silvestre N, Huguet C, Fitzgerald P, Quéméneur E, Marchand JB. Design and selection of anti-PD-L1 single-domain antibody and tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands for an optimal vectorization in an oncolytic virus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247802. [PMID: 38053848 PMCID: PMC10694795 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arming oncolytic viruses with transgenes encoding immunomodulators improves their therapeutic efficacy by enhancing and/or sustaining the innate and adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses. We report here the isolation, selection, and vectorization of a blocking anti-human PDL1 single-domain antibody (sdAb) isolated from PDL1-immunized alpacas. Several formats of this sdAb were vectorized into the vaccinia virus (VV) and evaluated for their programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/PD1 ligand (PDL1) blocking activity in the culture medium of tumor cells infected in vitro. In those conditions, VV-encoded homodimeric sdAb generated superior PDL1 blocking activity compared to a benchmark virus encoding full-length avelumab. The sdAb was further used to design simple, secreted, and small tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) fusions with the ability to engage their cognate receptors (TNFRSF) only in the presence of PDL1-positive cells. Finally, PDL1-independent alternatives of TNFRSF agonists were also constructed by fusing different variants of surfactant protein-D (SP-D) oligomerization domains with TNFSF ectodomains. An optimal SP-D-CD40L fusion with an SP-D collagen domain reduced by 80% was identified by screening with a transfection/infection method where poxvirus transfer plasmids and vaccinia virus were successively introduced into the same cell. However, once vectorized in VV, this construct had a much lower CD40 agonist activity compared to the SP-D-CD40L construct, which is completely devoid of the collagen domain that was finally selected. This latest result highlights the importance of working with recombinant viruses early in the payload selection process. Altogether, these results bring several complementary solutions to arm oncolytic vectors with powerful immunomodulators to improve their immune-based anti-tumoral activity.
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6
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Battin C, De Sousa Linhares A, Leitner J, Grossmann A, Lupinek D, Izadi S, Castilho A, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Stritzker J, Steinberger P. Engineered soluble, trimerized 4-1BBL variants as potent immunomodulatory agents. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3029-3043. [PMID: 37310433 PMCID: PMC10412504 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting co-stimulatory receptors promotes the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), is a potent co-stimulatory receptor that plays a prominent role in augmenting effector functions of CD8+ T cells, but also CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Agonistic antibodies against 4-1BB have entered clinical trials and shown signs of therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have used a T cell reporter system to evaluate various formats of 4-1BBL regarding their capacity to functionally engage its receptor. We found that a secreted 4-1BBL ectodomain harboring a trimerization domain derived from human collagen (s4-1BBL-TriXVIII) is a strong inducer of 4-1BB co-stimulation. Similar to the 4-1BB agonistic antibody urelumab, s4-1BBL-TriXVIII is very potent in inducing CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation. We provide first evidence that s4-1BBL-TriXVIII can be used as an effective immunomodulatory payload in therapeutic viral vectors. Oncolytic measles viruses encoding s4-1BBL-TriXVIII significantly reduced tumor burden in a CD34+ humanized mouse model, whereas measles viruses lacking s4-1BBL-TriXVIII were not effective. Natural soluble 4-1BB ligand harboring a trimerization domain might have utility in tumor therapy especially when delivered to tumor tissue as systemic administration might induce liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Grossmann
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lupinek
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shiva Izadi
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jochen Stritzker
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Melo V, Nelemans LC, Vlaming M, Lourens HJ, Wiersma VR, Bilemjian V, Huls G, de Bruyn M, Bremer E. EGFR-selective activation of CD27 co-stimulatory signaling by a bispecific antibody enhances anti-tumor activity of T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191866. [PMID: 37545491 PMCID: PMC10399592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment, particularly cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, is associated with improved clinical outcome in various cancers. However, local inhibitory factors can suppress T cell activity and hinder anti-tumor immunity. Notably, TILs from various cancer types express the co-stimulatory Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor CD27, making it a potential target for co-stimulation and re-activation of tumor-infiltrated and tumor-reactive T cells. Anti-cancer therapeutics based on exploiting CD27-mediated T cell co-stimulation have proven safe, but clinical responses remain limited. This is likely because current monoclonal antibodies fail to effectively activate CD27 signaling, as this receptor requires higher-order receptor cross-linking. Here, we report on a bispecific antibody, CD27xEGFR, that targets both CD27 and the tumor antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). By targeting EGFR, which is commonly expressed on carcinomas, CD27xEGFR induced cancer cell-localized crosslinking and activation of CD27. The design of CD27xEGFR includes an Fc-silent domain, which is designed to minimize potential toxicity by reducing Fc gamma receptor-mediated binding and activation of immune cells. CD27xEGFR bound to both of its targets simultaneously and triggered EGFR-restricted co-stimulation of T cells as measured by T cell proliferation, T cell activation markers, cytotoxicity and IFN-γ release. Further, CD27xEGFR augmented T cell cytotoxicity in a panel of artificial antigen-presenting carcinoma cell line models, leading to Effector-to-Target ratio-dependent elimination of cancer cells. Taken together, we present the in vitro characterization of a novel bispecific antibody that re-activates T cell immunity in EGFR-expressing cancers through targeted co-stimulation of CD27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicio Melo
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Levi Collin Nelemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vlaming
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Lourens
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vrouyr Bilemjian
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Kanlı Z, Cabadak H, Aydın B. Potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of pilocarpine combined with TNF alpha in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4. [PMID: 36781441 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine is a selective M1/M3 agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are different drug targets. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of pilocarpine on the expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, the AChE activity, IL-8 release response, and proliferation in K562 cells, via muscarinic receptor activation. Human chronic myeloid leukemic cell cultures were incubated with drugs. Proliferation assays were performed by BrdU assay. Expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and apoptosis proteins such as bcl, bax, cyt C, and caspases was assessed with the semiquantitative Western blotting method. Pilocarpine inhibits chronic myeloid cell proliferation and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor protein expression. Pilocarpine increases caspase-8 and -9 expression levels, upregulating the proapoptotic protein Bax and downregulating the expression levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The apoptotic activity of pilocarpine is associated with an increase in AChE activity. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can activate multiple signal transduction systems and mediate inhibitory effects on chronic myeloid K562 cell proliferation depending on the presence of 1% FBS conditions. This apoptotic effect of pilocarpine may be due to the concentration of pilocarpine and the increase in AChE level. Our results suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis of pilocarpine in K562 cells may be one of the targets. M3 selective agonist may have therapeutic potential in chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kanlı
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Basibuyuk-Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
| | - Banu Aydın
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
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9
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Warmuth S, Gunde T, Snell D, Brock M, Weinert C, Simonin A, Hess C, Tietz J, Johansson M, Spiga FM, Heiz R, Flückiger N, Wagen S, Zeberer J, Diem D, Mahler D, Wickihalder B, Muntwiler S, Chatterjee B, Küttner B, Bommer B, Yaman Y, Lichtlen P, Urech D. Engineering of a trispecific tumor-targeted immunotherapy incorporating 4-1BB co-stimulation and PD-L1 blockade. Oncoimmunology 2022; 10:2004661. [PMID: 35844969 PMCID: PMC9278964 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory 4-1BB receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells are a compelling target for overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but initial clinical studies of 4-1BB agonist mAbs were accompanied by liver toxicity. We sought to engineer a tri-specific antibody-based molecule that stimulates intratumoral 4-1BB and blocks PD-L1/PD-1 signaling without systemic toxicity and with clinically favorable pharmacokinetics. Recombinant fusion proteins were constructed using scMATCH3 technology and humanized antibody single-chain variable fragments against PD-L1, 4-1BB, and human serum albumin. Paratope affinities were optimized using single amino acid substitutions, leading to design of the drug candidate NM21-1480. Multiple in vitro experiments evaluated pharmacodynamic properties of NM21-1480, and syngeneic mouse tumor models assessed antitumor efficacy and safety of murine analogues. A GLP multiple-dose toxicology study evaluated its safety in non-human primates. NM21-1480 inhibited PD-L1/PD-1 signaling with a potency similar to avelumab, and it potently stimulated 4-1BB signaling only in the presence of PD-L1, while exhibiting an EC50 that was largely independent of PD-L1 density. NM21-1480 exhibited high efficacy for co-activation of pre-stimulated T cells and dendritic cells. In xenograft models in syngeneic mice, NM21-1480 induced tumor regression and tumor infiltration of T cells without causing systemic T-cell activation. A GLP toxicology study revealed no evidence of liver toxicity at doses up to 140 mg/kg, and pharmacokinetic studies in non-human primates suggested a plasma half-life in humans of up to 2 weeks. NM21-1480 has the potential to overcome checkpoint resistance by co-activating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes without liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tea Gunde
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Tietz
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robin Heiz
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Dania Diem
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dana Mahler
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Urech
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
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10
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Abstract
TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a member of the TNF superfamily that controls a multitude of cellular events including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. TWEAK control of these events is via an expanding list of intracellular signalling pathways which include NF-κB, ERK/MAPK, Notch, EGFR and AP-1. Two receptors have been identified for TWEAK - Fn14, which targets the membrane bound form of TWEAK, and CD163, which scavenges the soluble form of TWEAK. TWEAK appears to elicit specific events based on the receptor to which it binds, tissue type in which it is expressed, specific extrinsic conditions, and the presence of other cytokines. TWEAK signalling is protective in healthy tissues, but in chronic inflammatory states become detrimental to the tissue. Consistent data show a role for the TWEAK/FN14/CD163 axis in metabolic disease, chronic autoimmune diseases, and acute ischaemic stroke. Low circulating concentrations of soluble TWEAK are predictive of poor cardiovascular outcomes in those with and without diabetes. This review details the current understanding of the TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis as one of the chief regulators of immune signalling and its cell-specific role in metabolic disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Ratajczak
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sarah D Atkinson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catriona Kelly
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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11
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Over Fifty Years of Life, Death, and Cannibalism: A Historical Recollection of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212466. [PMID: 34830349 PMCID: PMC8618802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in biomedical sciences has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. There is no doubt that the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy as two highly synchronized and regulated mechanisms in cellular homeostasis are among the most important discoveries in these decades. Along with the advancement in molecular biology, identifying the genetic players in apoptosis and autophagy has shed light on our understanding of their function in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we first describe the history of key discoveries in apoptosis with a molecular insight and continue with apoptosis pathways and their regulation. We touch upon the role of apoptosis in human health and its malfunction in several diseases. We discuss the path to the morphological and molecular discovery of autophagy. Moreover, we dive deep into the precise regulation of autophagy and recent findings from basic research to clinical applications of autophagy modulation in human health and illnesses and the available therapies for many diseases caused by impaired autophagy. We conclude with the exciting crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, from the early discoveries to recent findings.
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13
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jalouli M, Rahman MA, Jeandet P, Behl T, Alexiou A, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Neuroinflammatory Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:126-146. [PMID: 34525932 PMCID: PMC9199559 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210826130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid plaques. Growing evidence has suggested that AD pathogenesis is not only limited to the neuronal compartment but also strongly interacts with immunological processes in the brain. On the other hand, aggregated and misfolded proteins can bind with pattern recognition receptors located on astroglia and microglia and can, in turn, induce an innate immune response, characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, ultimately playing a role in both the severity and the progression of the disease. It has been reported by genome-wide analysis that several genes which elevate the risk for sporadic AD encode for factors controlling the inflammatory response and glial clearance of misfolded proteins. Obesity and systemic inflammation are examples of external factors which may interfere with the immunological mechanisms of the brain and can induce disease progression. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and essential role of inflammatory signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, interfering with immune processes and modulation of risk factors may lead to future therapeutic or preventive AD approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | | | - Maroua Jalouli
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451. Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul. Korea
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2. France
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham. Australia
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522. Egypt
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur. India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
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14
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Yu X, James S, Felce JH, Kellermayer B, Johnston DA, Chan HTC, Penfold CA, Kim J, Inzhelevskaya T, Mockridge CI, Watanabe Y, Crispin M, French RR, Duriez PJ, Douglas LR, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. TNF receptor agonists induce distinct receptor clusters to mediate differential agonistic activity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:772. [PMID: 34162985 PMCID: PMC8222242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and natural ligands targeting costimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) exhibit a wide range of agonistic activities and antitumor responses. The mechanisms underlying these differential agonistic activities remain poorly understood. Here, we employ a panel of experimental and clinically-relevant molecules targeting human CD40, 4-1BB and OX40 to examine this issue. Confocal and STORM microscopy reveal that strongly agonistic reagents induce clusters characterized by small area and high receptor density. Using antibody pairs differing only in isotype we show that hIgG2 confers significantly more receptor clustering than hIgG1 across all three receptors, explaining its greater agonistic activity, with receptor clustering shielding the receptor-agonist complex from further molecular access. Nevertheless, discrete receptor clustering patterns are observed with different hIgG2 mAb, with a unique rod-shaped assembly observed with the most agonistic mAb. These findings dispel the notion that larger receptor clusters elicit greater agonism, and instead point to receptor density and subsequent super-structure as key determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinny Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Leon R Douglas
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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15
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Giustarini G, Pavesi A, Adriani G. Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Turning Cold Tumors Hot: How to Treat an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:689245. [PMID: 34150739 PMCID: PMC8207137 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.689245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are rapidly increasing their role in immuno-oncology in line with the need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients unresponsive to chemotherapies and immunotherapies. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has emerged as critical for tumor classification and patient stratification to design better treatments. Notably, the tumor infiltration of effector T cells plays a crucial role in antitumor responses and has been identified as the primary parameter to define hot, immunosuppressed, excluded, and cold tumors. Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied as carriers of new targeted therapies to turn cold or altered (i.e., immunosuppressed or excluded) tumors into more therapeutically responsive hot tumors. This mini-review discusses the significant advances in NP-based approaches to turn immunologically cold tumors into hot ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Giustarini
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Di Venere A, Nicolai E, Minicozzi V, Caccuri AM, Di Paola L, Mei G. The Odd Faces of Oligomers: The Case of TRAF2-C, A Trimeric C-Terminal Domain of TNF Receptor-Associated Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115871. [PMID: 34070875 PMCID: PMC8198530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF Receptor Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2) is a trimeric protein that belongs to the TNF receptor associated factor family (TRAFs). The TRAF2 oligomeric state is crucial for receptor binding and for its interaction with other proteins involved in the TNFR signaling. The monomer-trimer equilibrium of a C- terminal domain truncated form of TRAF2 (TRAF2-C), plays also a relevant role in binding the membrane, causing inward vesiculation. In this study, we have investigated the conformational dynamics of TRAF2-C through circular dichroism, fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering, performing temperature-dependent measurements. The data indicate that the protein retains its oligomeric state and most of its secondary structure, while displaying a significative increase in the heterogeneity of the tyrosines signal, increasing the temperature from ≈15 to ≈35 °C. The peculiar crowding of tyrosine residues (12 out of 18) at the three subunit interfaces and the strong dependence on the trimer concentration indicate that such conformational changes mainly involve the contact areas between each pair of monomers, affecting the oligomeric state. Molecular dynamic simulations in this temperature range suggest that the interfaces heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of the trimer that arises from the continuous, asymmetric approaching and distancing of its subunits. Such dynamics affect the results of molecular docking on the external protein surface using receptor peptides, indicating that the TRAF2-receptor interaction in the solution might not involve three subunits at the same time, as suggested by the static analysis obtainable from the crystal structure. These findings shed new light on the role that the TRAF2 oligomeric state might have in regulating the protein binding activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.D.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.V.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.P.); (G.M.)
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17
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Peyre L, Meyer M, Hofman P, Roux J. TRAIL receptor-induced features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition increase tumour phenotypic heterogeneity: potential cell survival mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:91-101. [PMID: 33257838 PMCID: PMC7782794 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing efforts to exploit the death receptor agonists, such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), for cancer therapy, have largely been impaired by the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signalling pathways leading to drug resistance. Cell migration, invasion, differentiation, immune evasion and anoikis resistance are plastic processes sharing features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that have been shown to give cancer cells the ability to escape cell death upon cytotoxic treatments. EMT has recently been suggested to drive a heterogeneous cellular environment that appears favourable for tumour progression. Recent studies have highlighted a link between EMT and cell sensitivity to TRAIL, whereas others have highlighted their effects on the induction of EMT. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms by which death signals can elicit an increase in response heterogeneity in the metastasis context, and to evaluate the impact of these processes on cell responses to cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Peyre
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Mickael Meyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Jérémie Roux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France.
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18
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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19
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Zhong Q, Li G. Arbitrary Resolution with Two Bead Types Coarse-Grained Strategy and Applications to Protein Recognition. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3263-3270. [PMID: 32251595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is a fundamental step in essentially any biological process. However, the kinetic processes during association and dissociation are difficult to be efficiently sampled by direct all-atom molecular dynamics simulations because of the large spatial and temporal scales. Here we propose an arbitrary resolution with two bead types (ART) coarse-grained (CG) strategy that is adept in molecular recognition. ART is a universal user-customized CG strategy that can generate a system-specific CG force field anytime and be applied to any system with an arbitrary CG resolution according to research requirements. ART CG simulations can be very efficiently performed with implicit solvation in prevalent simulation packages and provide interfaces for any enhanced sampling method. We used three applications, HLA-HIV epitope recognition, barnase-barstar association, and trimeric TRAF2 self-assembly, to validate the feasibility of the ART CG strategy, its advantages in protein recognition, and its high performance in simulations. Regular CG simulations can successfully achieve valid protein recognitions without any prior bound structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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20
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park JS, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militaris induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through TNF-α/TNFR1-mediated inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 32020859 PMCID: PMC7076896 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr. (C. militaris) exhibits pharmacological activities, including antitumor properties, through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and TNF-α modulates cell survival and apoptosis through NF- κB signaling. However, the mechanism underlying its mode of action on the NF-κB pathway is unclear. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effect of C. militaris extract (CME) on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by confirming viability, morphological changes, migration assay. Additionally, CME induced apoptosis was determined by apoptosis assay and apoptotic body formation under TEM. The mechanisms of CME were determined through microarray, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS CME reduced the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced morphological changes. We confirmed the decrease in the migration activity of SKOV-3 cells after treatment with CME and the consequent induction of apoptosis. Immunoblotting results showed that the CME-mediated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression induced apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells via the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, CME negatively modulated NF-κB activation via TNFR expression, suggestive of the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The binding of TNF-α to TNFR results in the disassociation of IκB from NF-κB and the subsequent translocation of the active NF-κB to the nucleus. CME clearly suppressed NF-κB translocation induced by interleukin (IL-1β) from the cytosol into the nucleus. The decrease in the expression levels of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL and Bcl-2 led to a marked increase in cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that C. militaris inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration, possibly through the coordination between TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight into a novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer using C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lima PMA, Torres LC, Martins MR, da Matta MC, Lima JTO, de Mello MJG, da Silva LM, Cintra EB, Lira CCR, da Fonte EJA, Forones NM. Soluble levels of sCD40L and s4-1BB are associated with a poor prognosis in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 121:901-905. [PMID: 31858621 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved in the last decades, however, a lower overall survival persists in the elderly. The understanding of immunity changes in the elderly with CRC will allow the emergence of new treatments with higher response rates. 4-1BB and CD40L, an immune checkpoint stimulator, play an important role in T-cell responses and platelets. Our aim was to characterize the soluble levels of CD40L and 4-1BB in CRC elderly patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 41 patients with CRC and 35 healthy elderly controls. Patients with CRC were divided into three groups according to staging: 13 patients with advanced tumor restricted to the organ (stages II); 16 patients with lymph node metastasis (stage III); and 12 patients with distant metastasis (stage IV). RESULTS There were higher levels of soluble s4-1BB and sCD40L in CRC elderly stage II patients when compared with healthy controls (P = .0009 and P < .0001, respectively), stage III patients (P = .008 and P < .0001, respectively) and stage IV patients (P = .007 and P < .0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that sCD40L and s4-1BB molecules may be prognostic biomarkers, since the reduction in plasma levels of these molecules was associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus M A Lima
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.,Gastroenterology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leuridan C Torres
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mário R Martins
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marina C da Matta
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jurema T O Lima
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria J G de Mello
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana M da Silva
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evandro B Cintra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Clara C R Lira
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J A da Fonte
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Nora M Forones
- Gastroenterology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Bertinelli M, Paesen GC, Grimes JM, Renner M. High-resolution crystal structure of arthropod Eiger TNF suggests a mode of receptor engagement and altered surface charge within endosomes. Commun Biol 2019; 2:293. [PMID: 31396573 PMCID: PMC6684607 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) superfamily of proteins are critical in numerous biological processes, such as in development and immunity. Eiger is the sole TNFα member described in arthropods such as in the important model organism Drosophila. To date there are no structural data on any Eiger protein. Here we present the structure of the TNF domain of Eiger from the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (SfEiger) to 1.7 Å from a serendipitously obtained crystal without prior knowledge of the protein sequence. Our structure confirms that canonical trimerization is conserved from ancestral TNFs and points towards a mode of receptor engagement. Furthermore, we observe numerous surface histidines on SfEiger, potentially acting as pH switches following internalization into endosomes. Our data contributes to the genome annotation of S. frugiperda, a voracious agricultural pest, and can serve as a basis for future structure-function investigations of the TNF system in related arthropods such as Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bertinelli
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, 10 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Guido C. Paesen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, 10 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, 10 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Max Renner
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, 10 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
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23
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Yang Y, Yeh SH, Madireddi S, Matochko WL, Gu C, Pacheco Sanchez P, Ultsch M, De Leon Boenig G, Harris SF, Leonard B, Scales SJ, Zhu JW, Christensen E, Hang JQ, Brezski RJ, Marsters S, Ashkenazi A, Sukumaran S, Chiu H, Cubas R, Kim JM, Lazar GA. Tetravalent biepitopic targeting enables intrinsic antibody agonism of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members. MAbs 2019; 11:996-1011. [PMID: 31156033 PMCID: PMC6748612 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1625662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonism of members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) with monoclonal antibodies is of high therapeutic interest due to their role in immune regulation and cell proliferation. A major hurdle for pharmacologic activation of this receptor class is the requirement for high-order clustering, a mechanism that imposes a reliance in vivo on Fc receptor-mediated crosslinking. This extrinsic dependence represents a potential limitation of virtually the entire pipeline of agonist TNFRSF antibody drugs, of which none have thus far been approved or reached late-stage clinical trials. We show that tetravalent biepitopic targeting enables robust intrinsic antibody agonism for two members of this family, OX40 and DR5, that is superior to extrinsically crosslinked native parental antibodies. Tetravalent biepitopic anti-OX40 engagement co-stimulated OX40low cells, obviated the requirement for CD28 co-signal for T cell activation, and enabled superior pharmacodynamic activity relative to native IgG in a murine vaccination model. This work establishes a proof of concept for an engineering approach that addresses a major gap for the therapeutic activation of this important receptor class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- a Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sherry H Yeh
- b Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shravan Madireddi
- c Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wadim L Matochko
- a Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Chen Gu
- d Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | - Mark Ultsch
- f Structural Biology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | - Seth F Harris
- f Structural Biology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Brandon Leonard
- a Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Suzie J Scales
- g Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jing W Zhu
- c Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Erin Christensen
- d Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Julie Q Hang
- d Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Randall J Brezski
- a Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Scot Marsters
- c Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- c Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- h Pre-Clinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Henry Chiu
- b Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Rafael Cubas
- e Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jeong M Kim
- c Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Greg A Lazar
- a Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
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24
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Elmallah MIY, Micheau O. Epigenetic Regulation of TRAIL Signaling: Implication for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060850. [PMID: 31248188 PMCID: PMC6627638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of carcinogenesis relies on genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic changes in histone and non-histone proteins. At the chromatin level, gene expression is tightly controlled by DNA methyl transferases, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and acetyl-binding proteins. In particular, the expression level and function of several tumor suppressor genes, or oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53 or TRAIL, have been found to be regulated by acetylation. For example, HATs are a group of enzymes, which are responsible for the acetylation of histone proteins, resulting in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation, whereas HDACs by deacetylating histones lead to chromatin compaction and the subsequent transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Direct acetylation of suppressor genes or oncogenes can affect their stability or function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have thus been developed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. While these inhibitors display anticancer properties in preclinical models, and despite the fact that some of them have been approved by the FDA, HDACi still have limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical terms. Nonetheless, combined with a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse chemical compounds or immune therapies, HDACi have been reported to work in synergy to induce tumor regression. In this review, the role of HDACs in cancer etiology and recent advances in the development of HDACi will be presented and put into perspective as potential drugs synergizing with TRAIL's pro-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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25
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Chamoun M, Jacques D, Bkaily G. Extracellular and intracellular tumor necrosis factor alpha modulates cytosolic and nuclear calcium in human cardiovascular cells 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:820-828. [PMID: 30897335 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and its type 1 receptor (TNFR1) are implicated in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and are associated with complications at the cardiovascular level. Using human cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle, vascular endothelial, and endocardial endothelial cells coupled to indirect immunofluorescence, our results showed the presence of TNFR1 at the levels of the plasma membrane (including the cytosol) and mostly at the level of the nuclear membranes (including the nucleoplasm). The distribution of the receptor is different between cell types; however, the density is significantly higher at the nuclear level in all 4 cell types. The density of the receptor was the highest in contractile cells including the cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, compared with endothelial cells including endocardial endothelial and vascular endothelial cells. Using the Ca2+ probe Fluo-3 coupled to quantitative confocal microscopy, our results showed that the cytokine induced a sustained Ca2+ increase in both the cytosol and nucleoplasm of all 4 cell types. This increase was more significant at the nuclear level, mainly in endothelial cells. Our results demonstrated the presence of TNFR1 at both the cell and nuclear membranes of cardiovascular cells, and that its activation modulated both cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Chamoun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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26
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Vitale LA, Thomas LJ, He LZ, O'Neill T, Widger J, Crocker A, Sundarapandiyan K, Storey JR, Forsberg EM, Weidlick J, Baronas AR, Gergel LE, Boyer JM, Sisson C, Goldstein J, Marsh HC, Keler T. Development of CDX-1140, an agonist CD40 antibody for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:233-245. [PMID: 30382327 PMCID: PMC11028348 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of immunotherapy include poorly functioning events early in the immune response cycle, such as efficient antigen presentation and T cell priming. CD40 signaling in dendritic cells leads to upregulation of cell surface costimulatory and MHC molecules and the generation of cytokines, which promotes effective priming of CD8+ effector T cells while minimizing T cell anergy and the generation of regulatory T cells. This naturally occurs through interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on CD4+ T-helper cells. CD40 signaling can also be achieved using specific antibodies, leading to several agonist CD40 antibodies entering clinical development. Our approach to select a CD40 agonist antibody was to define a balanced profile between sufficiently strong immune stimulation and the untoward effects of systemic immune activation. CDX-1140 is a human IgG2 antibody that activates DCs and B cells and drives NFkB stimulation in a CD40-expressing reporter cell line. These activities are Fc-independent and are maintained using an F(ab')2 fragment of the antibody. CDX-1140 binds outside of the CD40L binding site, and addition of recombinant CD40L greatly enhances DC and B activation by CDX-1140, suggesting that CDX-1140 may act synergistically with naturally expressed CD40L. CDX-1140 also has both direct and immune-mediated anti-tumor activity in xenograft models. CDX-1140 does not promote cytokine production in whole blood assays and has good pharmacodynamic and safety profiles in cynomolgus macaques. These data support the potential of CDX-1140 as part of a cancer therapy regimen, and a phase 1 trial has recently commenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Vitale
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | | | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | - Thomas O'Neill
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | - Jenifer Widger
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | - Andrea Crocker
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Weidlick
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | | | | | | | - Crystal Sisson
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | - Joel Goldstein
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA
| | | | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, 53 Frontage Road, Suite 220, Hampton, NJ, 08827, USA.
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27
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Autocrine Tnf signaling favors malignant cells in myelofibrosis in a Tnfr2-dependent fashion. Leukemia 2018; 32:2399-2411. [PMID: 29749399 PMCID: PMC6224399 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is increased in myelofibrosis (MF) and promotes survival of malignant over normal cells. The mechanisms altering TNF responsiveness in MF cells are unknown. We show that the proportion of marrow (BM) cells expressing TNF is increased in MF compared to controls, with the largest differential in primitive cells. Blockade of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), but not TNFR1, selectively inhibited colony formation by MF CD34+ and mouse JAK2V617F progenitor cells. Microarray of mouse MPN revealed reduced expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (Xiap) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (Mapk8) in JAK2V617F relative to JAK2WT cells, which were normalized by TNFR2 but not TNFR1 blockade. XIAP and MAPK8 were also reduced in MF CD34+ cells compared to normal BM, and their ectopic expression induced apoptosis. Unlike XIAP, expression of cellular IAP (cIAP) protein was increased in MF CD34+ cells. Consistent with cIAP's role in NF-κB activation, TNF-induced NF-κB activity was higher in MF vs. normal BM CD34+ cells. This suggests that JAK2V617F reprograms TNF response toward survival by downregulating XIAP and MAPK8 through TNFR2. Our results reveal an unexpected pro-apoptotic role for XIAP in MF and identify TNFR2 as a key mediator of TNF-induced clonal expansion.
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28
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Sinkala E, Zyambo K, Besa E, Kaonga P, Nsokolo B, Kayamba V, Vinikoor M, Zulu R, Bwalya M, Foster GR, Kelly P. Rifaximin Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Bacterial 16S rRNA in Zambian Adults with Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis: A Randomized Control Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1152-1158. [PMID: 29436337 PMCID: PMC5928821 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the dominant cause of portal hypertension globally but may be overshadowed by hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) in the tropics. In Zambia, schistosomiasis seroprevalence can reach 88% in endemic areas. Bacterial translocation (BT) drives portal hypertension in cirrhosis contributing to mortality but remains unexplored in HSS. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic may reduce BT. We aimed to explore the influence of rifaximin on BT, inflammation, and fibrosis in HSS. In this phase II open-label trial (ISRCTN67590499), 186 patients with HSS in Zambia were evaluated and 85 were randomized to standard care with or without rifaximin for 42 days. Changes in markers of inflammation, BT, and fibrosis were the primary outcomes. BT was measured using plasma 16S rRNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and lipopolysaccharide, whereas hyaluronan was used to measure fibrosis. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) assessed inflammation. 16S rRNA reduced from baseline (median 146 copies/µL, interquartile range [IQR] 9, 537) to day 42 in the rifaximin group (median 63 copies/µL, IQR 12, 196), P < 0.01. The rise in sCD14 was lower (P < 0.01) in the rifaximin group (median rise 122 ng/mL, IQR-184, 783) than in the non-rifaximin group (median rise 832 ng/mL, IQR 530, 967). TNFR1 decreased (P < 0.01) in the rifaximin group (median -39 ng/mL IQR-306, 563) but increased in the non-rifaximin group (median 166 ng/mL, IQR 3, 337). Other markers remained unaffected. Rifaximin led to a reduction of inflammatory markers and bacterial 16S rRNA which may implicate BT in the inflammation in HSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edford Sinkala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bright Nsokolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Violet Kayamba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michael Vinikoor
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rabison Zulu
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Bwalya
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Graham R Foster
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Paediatric Centre of Excellence Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutritional Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
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29
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Implication of 4E-BP1 protein dephosphorylation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer cell death induced by combined gemcitabine and TRAIL. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3204. [PMID: 29233971 PMCID: PMC5870593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells show varying sensitivity to the anticancer effects of gemcitabine. However, as a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine can cause intolerably high levels of toxicity and patients often develop resistance to the beneficial effects of this drug. Combination studies show that use of gemcitabine with the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL can enhance the inhibition of survival and induction of apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, following combination treatment there is a dramatic increase in the level of the hypophosphorylated form of the tumour suppressor protein 4E-BP1. This is associated with inhibition of mTOR activity, resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage of the Raptor and Rictor components of mTOR. Use of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK indicates that the increase in level of 4E-BP1 is also caspase-mediated. ShRNA-silencing of 4E-BP1 expression renders cells more resistant to cell death induced by the combination treatment. Since the levels of 4E-BP1 are relatively low in untreated pancreatic cancer cells these results suggest that combined therapy with gemcitabine and TRAIL could improve the responsiveness of tumours to treatment by elevating the expression of 4E-BP1.
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30
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You BR, Han BR, Park WH. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid increases anti-cancer effect of tumor necrosis factor-α through up-regulation of TNF receptor 1 in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17726-17737. [PMID: 28099148 PMCID: PMC5392281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has anti-cancer effect. Here, we evaluated the effect of SAHA on HDAC activity and cell growth in many normal lung and cancer cells. We observed that the HDAC activities of lung cancer cells were higher than that of normal lung cells. SAHA inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells regardless of the inhibitory effect on HDAC. This agent induced a G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, which was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP: ΔΨm) loss in lung cancer cells. However, SAHA did not induce cell death in normal lung cells. All tested caspase inhibitors prevented apoptotic cell death in SAHA-treated A549 and Calu-6 lung cancer cells. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) enhanced apoptosis in SAHA-treated lung cancer cells through caspase-8 and caspase-9 activations. Especially, SAHA increased the expression level of TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1), especially acetylation of the region of TNFR1 promoter −223/-29 in lung cancer cells. The down-regulation of TNFR1 suppressed apoptosis in TNF-α and SAHA-treated lung cancer cells. In conclusion, SAHA inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells via a G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. SAHA also enhanced apoptotic effect of TNF-α in human lung cancer cells through up-regulation of TNFR1. TNF-α may be a key to improve anti-cancer effect of HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-180, Republic of Korea
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31
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Combinatorial Screening of Peptides, Specific Ligands of Death Receptor DR5. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:381-384. [PMID: 28744632 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Death receptors, in particular DR5, are highly attractive targets of antitumor therapy. The major limitation to application of natural death receptor ligands (TRAIL) is their non-specific cytotoxicity against normal cells. Since TRAIL can also bind decoy receptors (DcR) and prevent induction of apoptosis, the search for new DR-specific ligands is a topical issue. In the present study, we used combinatorial phage display peptide libraries to select a panel of DR5-binding amino acid sequences. A comparative analysis of the selected peptides enabled identification of the consensus sequence responsible for binding to DR5. Integration of this motif into polypeptide cytotoxic agents may provide targeted elimination of malignantly transformed cells.
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32
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Muraki M, Hirota K. Site-specific chemical conjugation of human Fas ligand extracellular domain using trans-cyclooctene - methyltetrazine reactions. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:56. [PMID: 28673349 PMCID: PMC5496246 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fas ligand plays a key role in the human immune system as a major cell death inducing protein. The extracellular domain of human Fas ligand (hFasLECD) triggers apoptosis of malignant cells, and therefore is expected to have substantial potentials in medical biotechnology. However, the current application of this protein to clinical medicine is hampered by a shortage of the benefits relative to the drawbacks including the side-effects in systemic administration. Effective procedures for the engineering of the protein by attaching useful additional functions are required to overcome the problem. Results A procedure for the site-specific chemical conjugation of hFasLECD with a fluorochrome and functional proteins was devised using an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between trans-cyclooctene group and methyltetrazine group. The conjugations in the present study were attained by using much less molar excess amounts of the compounds to be attached as compared with the conventional chemical modification reactions using maleimide derivatives in the previous study. The isolated conjugates of hFasLECD with sulfo-Cy3, avidin and rabbit IgG Fab’ domain presented the functional and the structural integrities of the attached molecules without impairing the specific binding activity toward human Fas receptor extracellular domain. Conclusions The present study provided a new fundamental strategy for the production of the engineered hFasLECDs with additional beneficial functions, which will lead to the developments of the improved diagnostic systems and the effective treatment methods of serious diseases by using this protein as a component of novel molecular tools. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0381-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiro Muraki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Kiyonori Hirota
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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Adenovirus-mediated CD40L gene transfer increases Teffector/Tregulatory cell ratio and upregulates death receptors in metastatic melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2017; 15:79. [PMID: 28427434 PMCID: PMC5399418 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor sensitive for immunotherapy such as checkpoint blockade antibodies. Still, most patients with late stage disease do not respond, and the side effects can be severe. Stimulation of the CD40 pathway to initiate anti-tumor immunity is a promising alternative. Herein, we demonstrate immune profiling data from melanoma patients treated with an adenovirus-based CD40 ligand gene therapy (AdCD40L). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma were collected from malignant melanoma patients (n = 15) enrolled in a phase I/IIa study investigating intratumoral delivery of AdCD40L with or without low dose cyclophosphamide. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry while plasma samples were analyzed by a multi-array proteomics. Results All patients had an increased Teffector/Tregulatory cell ratio post therapy. Simultaneously, the death receptors TNFR1 and TRAIL-R2 were significantly up-regulated post treatment. Stem cell factor (SCF), E-selectin, and CD6 correlated to enhanced overall survival while a high level of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs), IL8, IL10, TGFb1, CCL4, PlGF and Fl3t ligand was highest in patients with short survival. Conclusions AdCD40L intratumoral injection induced desirable systemic immune effects that correlated to prolonged survival. Further studies using CD40 stimulation in malignant melanoma are warranted. Trial registration The 002:CD40L trial “Phase I/IIa AdCD40L Immunogene Therapy for Malignant Melanoma and Other Solid Tumors” (clinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01455259) was registered at September 2011
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Nejatollahi F, Bayat P, Moazen B. Cell growth inhibition and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-RTFscFv antibody on prostate cancer, but not glioblastoma, cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:156. [PMID: 28491282 PMCID: PMC5399964 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10803.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Single chain antibody (scFv) has shown interesting results in cancer immunotargeting approaches, due to its advantages over monoclonal antibodies. Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is one of the most important regulators of extracellular and intracellular pH in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a specific anti-RTF scFv were investigated and compared between three types of prostate cancer and two types of glioblastoma cells.
Methods: A phage antibody display library of scFv was used to select specific scFvs against RTF using panning process. The reactivity of a selected scFv was assessed by phage ELISA. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the antibody on prostate cancer (PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP) and glioblastoma (U-87 MG and A-172) cell lines were investigated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays.
Results: A specific scFv with frequency 35% was selected against RTF epitope. This significantly inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cells after 24 h. The percentages of cell viability (using 1000 scFv/cell) were 52, 61 and 73% for PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The antibody (1000 scFv/cell) induced apoptosis at 50, 40 and 25% in PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. No growth inhibition and apoptotic induction was detected for U-87 and A172 glioblastoma cells.
Conclusions: Anti-RTFscFv significantly reduced the proliferation of the prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth and apoptotic induction effects in PC-3 cells were greater than Du-145 and LNCaP cells. This might be due to higher expression of RTF antigen in PC-3 cells and/or better accessibility of RTF to scFv antibody. The resistance of glioblastoma cells to anti-RTF scFv offers the existence of mechanism(s) that abrogate the inhibitory effect(s) of the antibody to RTF. The results suggest that the selected anti-RTF scFv antibody could be an effective new alternative for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payam Bayat
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Moazen
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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O' Reilly E, Tirincsi A, Logue SE, Szegezdi E. The Janus Face of Death Receptor Signaling during Tumor Immunoediting. Front Immunol 2016; 7:446. [PMID: 27843441 PMCID: PMC5086583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immune surveillance is essential for the inhibition of carcinogenesis. Malignantly transformed cells can be recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems through different mechanisms. Immune effector cells induce extrinsic cell death in the identified tumor cells by expressing death ligand cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family. However, some tumor cells can escape immune elimination and progress. Acquisition of resistance to the death ligand-induced apoptotic pathway can be obtained through cleavage of effector cell expressed death ligands into a poorly active form, mutations or silencing of the death receptors, or overexpression of decoy receptors and pro-survival proteins. Although the immune system is highly effective in the elimination of malignantly transformed cells, abnormal/dysfunctional death ligand signaling curbs its cytotoxicity. Moreover, DRs can also transmit pro-survival and pro-migratory signals. Consequently, dysfunctional death receptor-mediated apoptosis/necroptosis signaling does not only give a passive resistance against cell death but actively drives tumor cell motility, invasion, and contributes to consequent metastasis. This dual contribution of the death receptor signaling in both the early, elimination phase, and then in the late, escape phase of the tumor immunoediting process is discussed in this review. Death receptor agonists still hold potential for cancer therapy since they can execute the tumor-eliminating immune effector function even in the absence of activation of the immune system against the tumor. The opportunities and challenges of developing death receptor agonists into effective cancer therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear O' Reilly
- Apoptosis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Andrea Tirincsi
- Apoptosis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Susan E Logue
- Apoptosis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
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Hendriks D, He Y, Koopmans I, Wiersma VR, van Ginkel RJ, Samplonius DF, Helfrich W, Bremer E. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted TRAIL combines PD-L1-mediated checkpoint inhibition with TRAIL-mediated apoptosis induction. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1202390. [PMID: 27622071 PMCID: PMC5007955 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1202390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoints restore the activity of functionally-impaired antitumor T cells. These antibodies show unprecedented clinical benefit in various advanced cancers, particularly in melanoma. However, only a subset of cancer patients responds to current PD-L1/PD-1-blocking strategies, highlighting the need for further advancements in PD-L1/PD-1-based immunotherapy. Here, we report on a novel approach designed to combine PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition with the tumor-selective induction of apoptosis by TNF-related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). In brief, a new bi-functional fusion protein, designated anti-PD-L1:TRAIL, was constructed comprising a PD-L1-blocking antibody fragment genetically fused to the extracellular domain of the pro-apoptotic tumoricidal protein TRAIL. Treatment of PD-L1-expressing cancer cells with anti-PD-L1:TRAIL induced PD-L1-directed TRAIL-mediated cancer cell death. Treatment of T cells with anti-PD-L1:TRAIL augmented T cell activation, as evidenced by increased proliferation, secretion of IFNγ and enhanced killing of cancer cell lines and primary patient-derived cancer cells in mixed T cell/cancer cell culture experiments. Of note, elevated levels of IFNγ further upregulated PD-L1 on cancer cells and simultaneously sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by anti-PD-L1:TRAIL. Additionally, anti-PD-L1:TRAIL converted immunosuppressive PD-L1-expressing myeloid cells into pro-apoptotic effector cells that triggered TRAIL-mediated cancer cell death. In conclusion, combining PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition with TRAIL-mediated induction of apoptosis using anti-PD-L1:TRAIL yields promising multi-fold and mutually reinforcing anticancer activity that may be exploited to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoke Hendriks
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuan He
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Koopmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Ginkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Samplonius
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon, UK; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Experimental Hematology, Section Immunohematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen (CRCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
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Immune Regulation and Antitumor Effect of TIM-1. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8605134. [PMID: 27413764 PMCID: PMC4931049 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8605134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity, and the T cell immunoglobulin domain and the mucin domain protein-1 (TIM-1) on its surface, as a costimulatory molecule, has a strong regulatory effect on T cells. TIM-1 can regulate and enhance type 1 immune response of tumor association. Therefore, TIM-1 costimulatory pathways may be a promising therapeutic target in future tumor immunotherapy. This review describes the immune regulation and antitumor effect of TIM-1.
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Creation of mouse TNFR2-selective agonistic TNF mutants using a phage display technique. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:309-315. [PMID: 28955920 PMCID: PMC5613346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), which is an immuno-modulatory cytokine, has been suggested to cause inflammatory responses as well as protection against tissue dysfunction by binding two types of TNF receptor (TNFR1/TNFR2). However, the physiological effects of TNFR2-specific activation remain unclear. We therefore aimed to generate a TNF mutant with full TNFR2-selective agonist activity as a functional analytical tool. In this study, we utilized a phage display technique to create mouse TNFR2 (mTNFR2)-selective TNF mutants that bind specifically to mTNFR2 and show full bioactivity compared with wild-type TNF. A new phage library displaying TNF mutants was created, in which nine amino acid residues at the predicted receptor-binding site were randomized. From this library, an agonistic TNF mutant exhibiting high binding selectivity and bioactivity to mTNFR2 was isolated. We propose that this TNF mutant would be a powerful tool with which to elucidate the functional roles of mTNFR2. We generated a TNF mutant with full TNFR2-selective agonist activity. This mutant was identified using a phage display technique. This agonist exhibited high binding selectivity and bioactivity to mouse TNFR2. This would be a powerful tool to elucidate the functional roles of mouse TNFR2.
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Rattanasinchai C, Gallo KA. MLK3 Signaling in Cancer Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8050051. [PMID: 27213454 PMCID: PMC4880868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) was first cloned in 1994; however, only in the past decade has MLK3 become recognized as a player in oncogenic signaling. MLK3 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that mediates signals from several cell surface receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), chemokine receptors, and cytokine receptors. Once activated, MLK3 transduces signals to multiple downstream pathways, primarily to c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK, as well as to extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK, P38 MAPK, and NF-κB, resulting in both transcriptional and post-translational regulation of multiple effector proteins. In several types of cancer, MLK3 signaling is implicated in promoting cell proliferation, as well as driving cell migration, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen A Gallo
- Cell and Molecular Biology program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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40
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Mercadante ER, Lorenz UM. Breaking Free of Control: How Conventional T Cells Overcome Regulatory T Cell Suppression. Front Immunol 2016; 7:193. [PMID: 27242798 PMCID: PMC4870238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional T (Tcon) cells are crucial in shaping the immune response, whether it is protection against a pathogen, a cytotoxic attack on tumor cells, or an unwanted response to self-antigens in the context of autoimmunity. In each of these immune settings, regulatory T cells (Tregs) can potentially exert control over the Tcon cell response, resulting in either suppression or activation of the Tcon cells. Under physiological conditions, Tcon cells are able to transiently overcome Treg-imposed restraints to mount a protective response against an infectious threat, achieving clonal expansion, differentiation, and effector function. However, evidence has accumulated in recent years to suggest that Tcon cell resistance to Treg-mediated suppression centrally contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Tipping the balance too far in the other direction, cancerous tumors utilize Tregs to establish an overly suppressive microenvironment, preventing antitumor Tcon cell responses. Given the wide-ranging clinical importance of the Tcon/Treg interaction, this review aims to provide a better understanding of what determines whether a Tcon cell is susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression and how perturbations to this finely tuned balance play a role in pathological conditions. Here, we focus in detail on the complex array of factors that confer Tcon cells with resistance to Treg suppression, which we have divided into two categories: (1) extracellular factor-mediated signaling and (2) intracellular signaling molecules. Further, we explore the therapeutic implications of manipulating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which is proposed to be the convergence point of signaling pathways that mediate Tcon resistance to suppression. Finally, we address important unresolved questions on the timing and location of acquisition of resistance, and the stability of the “Treg-resistant” phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Mercadante
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Cancer Biology, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Cancer Biology, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
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Siegemund M, Seifert O, Zarani M, Džinić T, De Leo V, Göttsch D, Münkel S, Hutt M, Pfizenmaier K, Kontermann RE. An optimized antibody-single-chain TRAIL fusion protein for cancer therapy. MAbs 2016; 8:879-91. [PMID: 27064440 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1172163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion proteins combining oligomeric assemblies of a genetically obtained single-chain (sc) variant of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens represent a promising strategy to overcome the limited therapeutic activity of conventional soluble TRAIL. To further improve the scTRAIL module in order to obtain a robust, thermostable molecule of high activity, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the minimal TNF homology domain (THD) and optimized linkers between the 3 TRAIL subunits constituting a scTRAIL. Through a stepwise mutagenesis of the N- and C-terminal region and the joining linker sequences, we generated bioactive scTRAIL molecules comprising a covalent linkage of the C-terminal Val280 and the N-terminal position 122 by only 2 amino acid residues in combination with conservative exchanges at positions 122 and 279. The increased thermal stability and solubility of such optimized scTRAIL molecules translated into increased bioactivity in the diabody-scTRAIL (Db-scTRAIL) format, exemplified here for an epidermal growth factor receptor-specific Db-scTRAIL. Additional modifications within the diabody linkers resulted in a fusion protein exerting high, target-dependent apoptosis induction in tumor cell lines in vitro and potent antitumor activity in vivo. Our results illustrate that protein engineering of scTRAIL and associated peptide linkers provides a promising strategy to develop antibody-scTRAIL fusion proteins as effective antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Siegemund
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | | | | | | | - Doris Göttsch
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Sabine Münkel
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Meike Hutt
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
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Major apoptotic mechanisms and genes involved in apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8471-86. [PMID: 27059734 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the cellular viability is important for the living organisms, the elimination of unnecessary or damaged cells has the opposite necessity for the maintenance of homeostasis in tissues, organs and the whole organism. Apoptosis, a type of cell death mechanism, is controlled by the interactions between several molecules and responsible for the elimination of unwanted cells from the body. Apoptosis can be triggered by intrinsically or extrinsically through death signals from the outside of the cell. Any abnormality in apoptosis process can cause various types of diseases from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Different gene families such as caspases, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 family of genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene superfamily, or p53 gene are involved and/or collaborate in the process of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the basic features of apoptosis and have focused on the gene families playing critical roles, activation/inactivation mechanisms, upstream/downstream effectors, and signaling pathways in apoptosis on the basis of cancer studies. In addition, novel apoptotic players such as miRNAs and sphingolipid family members in various kind of cancer are discussed.
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CARP-1/CCAR1: a biphasic regulator of cancer cell growth and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6499-510. [PMID: 25894788 PMCID: PMC4466629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) has been useful in targeting the tumor cells while sparing the normal cells. Despite clinical success of many targeted therapies, their off-target effects and development of resistance are emerging as significant and challenging problems. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify targets to devise new means to treat cancers and their drug-resistant phenotypes. CARP-1/CCAR1 (Cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1), a peri-nuclear phospho-protein, plays a dynamic role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis by serving as a co-activator of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, β-catenin, Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase, and tumor suppressor p53. CARP-1/CCAR1 also regulates chemotherapy-dependent apoptosis. CARP-1/CCAR1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel SMIs of CARP-1/CCAR1 interaction with APC/C. CFMs promote apoptosis in a manner independent of p53. CFMs are potent inhibitors of a variety of cancer cells including the drug (Adriamycin or Tamoxifen)-resistant breast cancer cells but not the immortalized breast epithelial cells, while a nano-lipid formulation of the lead compound CFM-4 improves its bioavailability and efficacy in vivo when administered orally. This review focuses on the background and pleiotropic roles of CARP-1/CCAR1 as well as its apoptosis signaling mechanisms in response to chemotherapy in cancer cells.
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Bowser JL, Blackburn MR, Shipley GL, Molina JG, Dunner K, Broaddus RR. Loss of CD73-mediated actin polymerization promotes endometrial tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:220-38. [PMID: 26642367 DOI: 10.1172/jci79380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is central to the generation of extracellular adenosine. Previous studies have highlighted a detrimental role for extracellular adenosine in cancer, as it dampens T cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we determined that, in contrast to other cancers, CD73 is markedly downregulated in poorly differentiated and advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma compared with levels in normal endometrium and low-grade tumors. In murine models, CD73 deficiency led to a loss of endometrial epithelial barrier function, and pharmacological CD73 inhibition increased in vitro migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity. CD73 associated with cell-cell contacts, filopodia, and membrane zippers, indicative of involvement in cell-cell adhesion and actin polymerization-dependent processes. We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP. Cortical F-actin elevation increased membrane E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Na(+)K(+) ATPase. Together, these findings reveal that CD73-generated adenosine promotes epithelial integrity and suggest why loss of CD73 in endometrial cancer allows for tumor progression. Moreover, our data indicate that the role of CD73 in cancer is more complex than previously described.
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Ceccarelli A, Di Venere A, Nicolai E, De Luca A, Minicozzi V, Rosato N, Caccuri AM, Mei G. TNFR-Associated Factor-2 (TRAF2): Not Only a Trimer. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6153-61. [PMID: 26390021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are characterized by an oligomeric structure that plays a fundamental role in the binding process with membrane receptors. In this work, we studied the trimer-to-monomer (T ↔ 3M) equilibrium transition of the TRAF2 C-terminal domain using both chemical (dilution/guanidinium hydrochloride) and mechanical stress (high pressure) to induce the dissociation of the native protein into subunits. The experimental results and computer simulations indicate that stable monomers exist and that their population accounts for 15% of the total TRAF2 molecules already at a physiological intracellular concentration (≈1 μM), being instead the predominant species in the nanomolar concentration range. Because the total amount of TRAF2 changes during a cell cycle, the monomer-trimer equilibrium can be crucial for regulating the activities of TRAF2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Physics Department, INFN University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Ban L, Kuhtreiber W, Butterworth J, Okubo Y, Vanamee ÉS, Faustman DL. Strategic internal covalent cross-linking of TNF produces a stable TNF trimer with improved TNFR2 signaling. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 26266038 PMCID: PMC4531505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble TNF superfamily (TNFSF) ligands are less stable and less active than their transmembrane (tm) analogues. This is a problem for the therapeutic use of recombinant TNFSF ligands in diverse diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Creating TNFSF ligand analogues with improved targeting of their respective receptors is important for research and therapeutic purposes. FINDINGS Covalent internal cross-linking of TNF monomers by double mutations, S95C/G148C, results in stable trimers with improved TNFR2 function. The resulting mutein induced the selective death of autoreactive CD8 T cells in type-1 diabetic patients and demonstrates targeted proliferation and expansion of human CD4 Tregs. CONCLUSIONS Stable TNF trimers, created by internal covalent cross-linking, show improved signaling. The high structural homology within the TNF superfamily provides an opportunity to extend internal cross-linking to other TNF superfamily proteins to produce active trimers with improved stability and receptor signaling, and with potential applications for cancer, autoimmunity, infections, and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Ban
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Willem Kuhtreiber
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - John Butterworth
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yoshiaki Okubo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Éva S. Vanamee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Denise L. Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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Ban L, Kuhtreiber W, Butterworth J, Okubo Y, Vanamee ÉS, Faustman DL. Strategic internal covalent cross-linking of TNF produces a stable TNF trimer with improved TNFR2 signaling. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 26266038 PMCID: PMC4531505 DOI: 10.1186/s40591-015-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Soluble TNF superfamily (TNFSF) ligands are less stable and less active than their transmembrane (tm) analogues. This is a problem for the therapeutic use of recombinant TNFSF ligands in diverse diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Creating TNFSF ligand analogues with improved targeting of their respective receptors is important for research and therapeutic purposes. Findings Covalent internal cross-linking of TNF monomers by double mutations, S95C/G148C, results in stable trimers with improved TNFR2 function. The resulting mutein induced the selective death of autoreactive CD8 T cells in type-1 diabetic patients and demonstrates targeted proliferation and expansion of human CD4 Tregs. Conclusions Stable TNF trimers, created by internal covalent cross-linking, show improved signaling. The high structural homology within the TNF superfamily provides an opportunity to extend internal cross-linking to other TNF superfamily proteins to produce active trimers with improved stability and receptor signaling, and with potential applications for cancer, autoimmunity, infections, and transplantation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40591-015-0044-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Ban
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Willem Kuhtreiber
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - John Butterworth
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yoshiaki Okubo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Éva S Vanamee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Denise L Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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48
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Hauschild A, Mohr P. [Rationale, visions and limits of Immuno-oncology: Checkpoint inhibition as a new pillar of tumor therapy]. Oncol Res Treat 2015; 38 Suppl 3:2-5. [PMID: 25966811 DOI: 10.1159/000381298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hauschild
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
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49
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Uckun FM, Myers DE, Ma H, Rose R, Qazi S. Low Dose Total Body Irradiation Combined With Recombinant CD19-Ligand × Soluble TRAIL Fusion Protein is Highly Effective Against Radiation-Resistant B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mice. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:306-316. [PMID: 26097891 PMCID: PMC4469281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-risk remission B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BPL) patients, relapse rates have remained high post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) even after the use of very intensive total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning regimens, especially in patients with a high “minimal residual disease” (MRD) burden. New agents capable of killing radiation-resistant BPL cells and selectively augmenting their radiation sensitivity are therefore urgently needed. We report preclinical proof-of-principle that the potency of radiation therapy against BPL can be augmented by combining radiation with recombinant human CD19-Ligand × soluble TRAIL (“CD19L–sTRAIL”) fusion protein. CD19L–sTRAIL consistently killed radiation-resistant primary leukemia cells from BPL patients as well as BPL xenograft cells and their leukemia-initiating in vivo clonogenic fraction. Low dose total body irradiation (TBI) combined with CD19L–sTRAIL was highly effective against (1) xenografted CD19+ radiochemotherapy-resistant human BPL in NOD/SCID (NS) mice challenged with an otherwise invariably fatal dose of xenograft cells derived from relapsed BPL patients as well as (2) radiation-resistant advanced stage CD19+ murine BPL with lymphomatous features in CD22ΔE12xBCR-ABL double transgenic mice. We hypothesize that the incorporation of CD19L–sTRAIL into the pre-transplant TBI regimens of patients with very high-risk BPL will improve their survival outcome after HSCT. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose radiation kills leukemia-initiating cells. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose TBI is very well tolerated in mice. CD19L–sTRAIL plus low dose TBI is very effective in mouse models of BPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Dorothea E Myers
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Hong Ma
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Rose Pathology Services, LLC, St. Paul, MN 55104
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
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50
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de Bruyn M, Wiersma VR, Helfrich W, Eggleton P, Bremer E. The ever-expanding immunomodulatory role of calreticulin in cancer immunity. Front Oncol 2015; 5:35. [PMID: 25750898 PMCID: PMC4335099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a pleiotropic molecule that normally resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, it has various functions, ranging from regulation of calcium homeostasis to ensuring proper protein folding. More recently, calreticulin gained special interest for its extracellular functions, where it has direct immunomodulatory activity. In this respect, calreticulin activates dendritic cells and macrophages. In addition, certain anti-cancer therapies induce the translocation of calreticulin from the ER to the cell surface of dying cancer cells, where calreticulin dictates the immunogenicity of these cells. Interestingly, treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) also induces membrane calreticulin exposure on cancer cells. As shown here, calreticulin directly interacts with TRAIL and its receptor-signaling complex, as well as with other TNF family members. Of note, TRAIL is a well known immunomodulatory molecule, and is expressed on the surface of natural killer T-cells. Therefore, calreticulin may have an as yet unrecognized wide(r) impact on immunity, with the TNF-ligand family modulating virtually all aspects of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands ; University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , UK
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