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Kemperman RH, Ganetzky RD, Master SR. Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-MS/MS ketone body assay for clinical diagnostics. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2024; 31:49-58. [PMID: 38375486 PMCID: PMC10874984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ketone bodies (KBs) serve as important energy sources that spare glucose, providing the primary energy for cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise, and the brain during periods of catabolism. The levels and relationships between the KBs are critical indicators of metabolic health and disease. However, challenges in separating isomeric KBs and concerns about sample stability have previously limited their clinical measurement. Methods A novel 6.5-minute liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based assay was developed, enabling the precise measurement of alpha-, beta- and gamma-hydroxybutyrate, beta-hydroxyisobutyrate, and acetoacetate. This method was fully validated for human serum and plasma samples by investigating extraction efficiency, matrix effects, accuracy, recovery, intra- and inter-precision, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), carryover, specificity, stability, and more. From 107 normal samples, reference ranges were established for all analytes and the beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio. Results All five analytes were adequately separated chromatographically. An extraction efficiency between 80 and 120 % was observed for all KBs. Accuracy was evaluated through spike and recovery using 10 random patient samples, with an average recovery of 85-115 % for all KBs and a coefficient of variation of ≤ 3 %. Coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-day imprecision were < 5 %, and the total imprecision was < 10 %. No significant interferences were observed. Specimens remained stable for up to 6 h on ice or 2 h at room temperature. Conclusions The developed method is highly sensitive and robust. It has been validated for use with human serum and plasma, overcoming stability concerns and providing a reliable and efficient quantitative estimation of ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Master
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
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Rasoul D, Ajay A, Abdullah A, Mathew J, Lee Wei En B, Mashida K, Sankaranarayanan R. Alcohol and Heart Failure. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e65. [PMID: 38213665 PMCID: PMC10782426 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is the most frequently consumed toxic substance in the world and remains a major global public health issue, with one in three adults consuming it worldwide. Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disease, contributing to over 60 acute and chronic health conditions, with a particularly complex association with cardiovascular disease. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a range of cardiac complications, including decreased myocardial contractility, hypertension, arrhythmias, MI and heart failure. However, low-level alcohol consumption is believed to have a protective effect against ischaemic heart disease and diabetes. In most cohort studies, small to moderate amounts of alcohol consumption have not been linked to heart failure, indicating a threshold effect of alcohol with individual (possibly genetic) predisposition rather than a continuous effect of exposure. This review article explores the potential benefits of alcohol on the heart, the association between alcohol use and alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the epidemiology, clinical correlates and management of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debar Rasoul
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Ashwin Ajay
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
| | - Alend Abdullah
- Cardiology Department, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation TrustDudley, UK
| | - Jean Mathew
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin Lee Wei En
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
| | | | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
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Supriya R, Delfan M, Saeidi A, Samaie SS, Al Kiyumi MH, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Spirulina Supplementation with High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4891. [PMID: 38068748 PMCID: PMC10707917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity, a state characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is closely linked to metabolic complications and the secretion of specific adipokines. This study explores the potential of exercise and Spirulina supplementation to mitigate these complications and modulate adipokine release associated with obesity. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of a 12-week regimen of high-intensity training combined with Spirulina supplementation on adipokine concentrations and lipid profiles in male individuals with obesity (N = 44). The participants were randomly distributed into four groups, each consisting of 11 participants: a control group (CG), a supplement group (SG), a training group (TG), and a training plus supplement group (TSG). The intervention comprised a 12-week treatment involving Spirulina supplementation (6 g capsule daily), a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with three sessions per week, or a combined approach. Following the interventions, metabolic parameters, anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory indices, and circulating adipokines [CRP, Sema3C, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, IL-8] were assessed within 48 h of the before and final training session. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences across all measures among the groups (p < 0.05). Notably, post hoc analyses indicated substantial disparities between the CG and the three interventional groups regarding body weight (p < 0.05). The combined training and supplementation approach led to noteworthy reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGL) levels (all p < 0.0001), coupled with an elevation in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, adipokine levels significantly declined in the three intervention groups relative to the CG (p < 0.05). The findings from this 12-week study demonstrate that Spirulina supplementation in conjunction with high-intensity interval training reduced adipokine levels, improved body weight and BMI, and enhanced lipid profiles. This investigation underscores the potential of Spirulina supplementation and high-intensity interval training as a synergistic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related complications and enhance overall cardiometabolic well-being in obese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Center For Health & Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Somayeh Samaie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran;
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman;
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman
| | - Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
- Research Department, the Phoenix, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)—EA 1274, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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Pathak AK, Tiwari V, Kulshrestha MR, Singh S, Singh S, Singh V. Impact of essential metals on insulin sensitivity and fetuin in obesity-related type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:703-712. [PMID: 37255834 PMCID: PMC10225454 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Essential metals may be crucial in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM); diabesity pathogenesis and consequences. This study aimed to determine the metal levels in obese and non-obese patients with and without T2DM and their relationships with fetuin-A(Fet-A) levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance. Methods A total of 314 participants were enrolled, with 160 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 154 non-T2DM subjects categorized into diabetic obese (n = 57), diabetic non-obese (n = 103), non-diabetic obese (n = 48), and non-diabetic non-obese (n = 106) subgroups. Fet-A, insulin sensitivity (QUCKI)/resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The essential metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Results Fet-A levels were 3-fold higher (1391.4 ± 839.8 ng/ml) in T2DM patients than in non-T2DM (2165.6 ± 651.9 vs. 424.3 ± 219.1 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). Fet-A levels were 2.3-fold higher in the diabetic obese group than in the diabetic non-obese group (p < 0.0001). Fet-A levels were 2.0-fold higher in the diabetic non-obese group than in the non-diabetic obese group (p < 0.0001). Fet-A levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (QUIKI) (r = -0.41, p < 0.0001).Cu, Se, Zn, and Fe levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Se and Zn were significantly correlated with Fet-A (r = -0.41, p = 0.049 and r = -0.42, p = 0.001, respectively). Se and Zn were also correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.45, p = 0.049 and r = -0.36, p = 0.012, respectively) and insulin sensitivity (QUIKI) (r = 0.49, p = 0.042 and r = 0.30, p = 0.003, respectively). Similarly, Fe was negatively correlated with insulin levels (r = -0.33, p = 0.04) and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.34, p = 0.30). However, Mn was significantly correlated with Fet-A (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and insulin resistance/sensitivity (r = 0.24, p = 0.026 and r = -0.24, p = 0.041) respectively in the diabetic obese group. Mg was an independent predictor of diabesity. Conclusions Mg play a significant role in obesity-related T2DM pathogenesis and complications via Fet-A, insulin sensitivity, and resistance modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumesh K. Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010 India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010 India
| | - Manish Raj Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010 India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010 India
| | - Shefali Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226010 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Xia JG, Li B, Zhang H, Li QX, Lam SM, Yin CL, Tian H, Shui G. Precise Metabolomics Defines Systemic Metabolic Dysregulation Distinct to Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:581-596. [PMID: 36727520 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Diabetes is an important risk factor and a common comorbidity in AMI patients. The higher mortality risk of diabetes-AMI relative to nondiabetes-AMI indicates a need for specific treatment to improve clinical outcome. However, the global metabolic dysregulation of AMI complicated with diabetes is still unclear. We aim to systematically interrogate changes in the metabolic microenvironment immediate to AMI episodes in the absence or presence of diabetes. METHODS In this work, quantitative metabolomics was used to investigate plasma metabolic differences between diabetes-AMI (n=59) and nondiabetes-AMI (n=59) patients. A diverse array of perturbed metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism emerged. RESULTS In all, our omics-oriented approach defined a metabolic signature of afflicted mitochondrial function aggravated by concurrent diabetes in AMI patients. In particular, our analyses uncovered N-lactoyl-phenylalanine and lysophosphatidylcholines as key functional metabolites that skewed the metabolic picture of diabetes-AMI relative to nondiabetes-AMI. N-lactoyl-phenylalanine was strongly associated with metabolic indicators reflective of mitochondrial overload and negatively correlated with HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C) specifically in hyperglycemic AMI, suggestive of its central role in glucose utilization and mitochondrial energy production instrumental to the clinical outcome of diabetes-AMI. Reductions in lysophosphatidylcholines, which were negatively correlated with blood glucose and inflammatory markers, might further compromise glucose expenditure and aggravate inflammation leading to poorer prognosis in diabetes-AMI. CONCLUSIONS As circulating metabolite levels are amenable to therapeutic intervention, such shifts in metabolic signatures provide new clues and potential therapeutic targets specific to the treatment of diabetes-AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Gang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China (J.-g.X., H.Z., C.-l.Y.)
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China (B.L., S.M.L.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China (J.-g.X., H.Z., C.-l.Y.)
| | - Qin-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Q.-x.L.)
| | - Sin Man Lam
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China (B.L., S.M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (S.M.L., H.T., G.S.)
| | - Chun-Lin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China (J.-g.X., H.Z., C.-l.Y.)
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (S.M.L., H.T., G.S.)
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (S.M.L., H.T., G.S.)
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Zhou X, Kang C, Hu Y, Wang X. Study on insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1021378. [PMID: 36950100 PMCID: PMC10025569 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1021378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is reported that insulin resistance widely exists in non-diabetic patients with a recent history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke. There is currently strong evidence to prove the bidirectional effect of glucose metabolism disorders and stroke events. Therefore, it is necessary to retrospectively tease out the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease through CiteSpace. Materials and methods We searched the Web of Science (WOS) for studies related to insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease from 1999 to April 2022, then downloaded the data into CiteSpace to generate a knowledge visualization map. Results A total of 1,500 publications relevant to insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease were retrieved. The USA had the most articles on this topic, followed by PEOPLES R CHINA and JAPAN. WALTER N KERNAN was the most prolific author, whose research mainly focused on insulin resistance intervention after stroke (IRIS) trial. The most common keywords were myocardial ischemia, metabolic syndrome, ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia, association, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipose tissue. Major ongoing research trends include three aspects: (1) the association between insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in non-diabetic patients, (2) the intrinsic pathological mechanism between insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and (3) early intervention of insulin resistance to improve the prognosis of stroke. Conclusion The results of this bibliometric study provide the current status and trends of clinical research publications in the field of insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke, early neurological deterioration in stroke patients, post-stroke depression, and cerebral small vessel disease. Early treatment of insulin resistance can be an effective way to prevent the onset of ischemic stroke and improve stroke prognosis. This study may help researchers to identify hot topics and explore new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Division of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - YuHong Hu
- Division of Cardiology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - XingChen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: XingChen Wang
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Luo HY, Li G, Liu YG, Wei YH, Chen JB, Gu XF, Tang JQ, Zhao Y, Su CH, Xiao LY, Xiong F, Zheng ZD, Wang SY, Zha LY. The Accelerated Progression of Atherosclerosis Correlates with Decreased miR-33a and miR-21 and Increased miR-122 and miR-3064-5p in Circulation and the Liver of ApoE-/- Mice with Streptozocin (STZ)-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4822-4837. [PMID: 36286043 PMCID: PMC9601109 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) mortality. We aim to investigate the changes in miR-21, miR-122, miR-33a and miR-3064-5p in circulation and the liver of ApoE-/- mice with streptozocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Twenty 5-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to the control (n = 10) and T2D group (n = 10) and intraperitoneally injected with a citrate buffer and streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg BW) once a day for three consecutive days. The successfully STZ-induced T2D mice (n = 5) and control mice (n = 5) were then fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 34 weeks. Compared to the control mice, ApoE-/- mice with STZ-induced T2D had slower (p < 0.05) growth, increased (p < 0.05) total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), decreased (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum, reduced (p < 0.05) TC and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (Srebp-2), elevated (p < 0.05) ATP-binding-cassette-transporter-A1 (Abca1) in the liver, aggravated (p < 0.05) atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, downregulated (p < 0.05) miR-21 and miR-33a, and upregulated (p < 0.05) miR-122 and miR-3064-5p in serum and the liver. In addition, the aortic lesions showed a positive correlation with miR-122 (r = 1.000, p = 0.001) and a negative correlation with miR-21 (r = −1.000, p = 0.001) in ApoE-/- mice with T2D. In conclusion, T2D-accelerated atherosclerosis correlates with a reduction in miR-21 and miR-33a and an elevation in miR-122 and miR-3064-5p in circulation and the liver of ApoE-/- mice.
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Zhu L, Huang Q, Li X, Jin B, Ding Y, Chou CJ, Su KJ, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hwa KY, Thyparambil S, Liao W, Han Z, Mortensen R, Jin Y, Li Z, Schilling J, Li Z, Sylvester KG, Sun X, Ling XB. Serological Phenotyping Analysis Uncovers a Unique Metabolomic Pattern Associated With Early Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:841209. [PMID: 35463946 PMCID: PMC9024215 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.841209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted disorder affecting epidemic proportion at global scope. Defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond effectively to insulin are the underlying biology of T2DM. However, circulating biomarkers indicative of early diabetic onset at the asymptomatic stage have not been well described. We hypothesized that global and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomic discovery can identify novel serological metabolic biomarkers specifically associated with T2DM. We further hypothesized that these markers can have a unique pattern associated with latent or early asymptomatic stage, promising an effective liquid biopsy approach for population T2DM risk stratification and screening. Methods: Four independent cohorts were assembled for the study. The T2DM cohort included sera from 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals for the biomarker discovery and sera from 15 patients with T2DM and 15 healthy controls for the testing. The Pre-T2DM cohort included sera from 76 with prediabetes and 62 healthy controls for the model training and sera from 35 patients with prediabetes and 27 healthy controls for the model testing. Both global and targeted (amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid) approaches were used to deep phenotype the serological metabolome by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Different machine learning approaches (Random Forest, XGBoost, and ElasticNet) were applied to model the unique T2DM/Pre-T2DM metabolic patterns and contrasted with their effectiness to differentiate T2DM/Pre-T2DM from controls. Results: The univariate analysis identified unique panel of metabolites (n = 22) significantly associated with T2DM. Global metabolomics and subsequent structure determination led to the identification of 8 T2DM biomarkers while targeted LCMS profiling discovered 14 T2DM biomarkers. Our panel can effectively differentiate T2DM (ROC AUC = 1.00) or Pre-T2DM (ROC AUC = 0.84) from the controls in the respective testing cohort. Conclusion: Our serological metabolite panel can be utilized to identifiy asymptomatic population at risk of T2DM, which may provide utility in identifying population at risk at an early stage of diabetic development to allow for clinical intervention. This early detection would guide ehanced levels of care and accelerate development of clinical strategies to prevent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Teda Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiao Li
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Ding
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | | | - Kuo-Jung Su
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Yani Zhang
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | - Weili Liao
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Zhi Han
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | | | - Yi Jin
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Yunxiang Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - James Schilling
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Karl G. Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xuguo Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Sun, ; Xuefeng B. Ling,
| | - Xuefeng B. Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Sun, ; Xuefeng B. Ling,
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Bombin A, Yan S, Bombin S, Mosley JD, Ferguson JF. Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15254. [PMID: 35384379 PMCID: PMC8980904 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing global health concern and is associated with a broad range of morbidities. The gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as important contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbial communities, and evaluate host: microbiota interactions between clinical obesity classifications. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on fecal and salivary samples, global metabolomics profiling on plasma and stool samples, and dietary profiling in 135 healthy individuals. We grouped individuals by obesity status, based on body mass index (BMI), including lean (BMI 18-124.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI ≥30). We analyzed differences in microbiome composition, community inter-relationships, and predicted microbial function by obesity status. We found that salivary bacterial communities of lean and obese individuals were compositionally and phylogenetically distinct. An increase in obesity status was positively associated with strong correlations between bacterial taxa, particularly with bacterial groups implicated in metabolic disorders including Fretibacterium, and Tannerella. Consumption of sweeteners, especially xylitol, significantly influenced compositional and phylogenetic diversities of salivary and fecal bacterial communities. In addition, obesity groups exhibited differences in predicted bacterial metabolic activity, which was correlated with host's metabolite concentrations. Overall, obesity was associated with distinct changes in bacterial community dynamics, particularly in saliva. Consideration of microbiome community structure and inclusion of salivary samples may improve our ability to understand pathways linking microbiota to obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bombin
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of GeneticsThe University of AlabamaBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Sergei Bombin
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (VMIC)NashvilleTennesseeUSA
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10
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Sousa AP, Cunha DM, Franco C, Teixeira C, Gojon F, Baylina P, Fernandes R. Which Role Plays 2-Hydroxybutyric Acid on Insulin Resistance? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120835. [PMID: 34940595 PMCID: PMC8703345 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is defined as a chronic condition caused by beta cell loss and/or dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). The discovering of novel biomarkers capable of identifying T2D and other metabolic disorders associated with IR in a timely and accurate way is critical. In this review, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2HB) is presented as that upheaval biomarker with an unexplored potential ahead. Due to the activation of other metabolic pathways during IR, 2HB is synthesized as a coproduct of protein metabolism, being the progression of IR intrinsically related to the increasing of 2HB levels. Hence, the focus of this review will be on the 2HB metabolite and its involvement in glucose homeostasis. A literature review was conducted, which comprised an examination of publications from different databases that had been published over the previous ten years. A total of 19 articles fulfilled the intended set of criteria. The use of 2HB as an early indicator of IR was separated into subjects based on the number of analytes examined simultaneously. In terms of the association between 2HB and IR, it has been established that increasing 2HB levels can predict the development of IR. Thus, 2HB has demonstrated considerable promise as a clinical monitoring molecule, not only as an IR biomarker, but also for disease follow-up throughout IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P. Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (C.T.); (F.G.); (P.B.)
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University (FMUP), Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo M. Cunha
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Carolina Franco
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (C.T.); (F.G.); (P.B.)
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Frantz Gojon
- Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (C.T.); (F.G.); (P.B.)
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University (FMUP), Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (C.T.); (F.G.); (P.B.)
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Ruben Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (C.T.); (F.G.); (P.B.)
- School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.C.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Gangadharan C, Ahluwalia R, Sigamani A. Diabetes and COVID-19: Role of insulin resistance as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1550-1562. [PMID: 34630907 PMCID: PMC8472493 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and as a consequence, develop more severe form of disease. This is partly due to a systemic inflammatory state and pro thrombotic milieu seen in metabolic syndrome. In this review, we attempt to explore the pathogenetic links between insulin resistance and COVID-19 disease severity. Insulin resistance is an underlying condition for metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, which impairs insulin signaling pathways affecting metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. A high concentration of circulating insulin shifts the balance to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling and causes endothelial cell damage. The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and MAPK dependent signaling pathways maintain a balance between nitric oxide-dependent vasodilator and endothelin-1 dependent vasoconstriction actions of insulin. Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction is responsible for inflammation and blood coagulation leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes. Hyperactivity in renin-angiotensin system is implicated in development of islet oxidative stress and subsequent β-cell dysfunction, as it alters the islet blood flow. These deleterious effects of insulin resistance involving altered blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation could be associated with increased severity in COVID-19 patients. We conclude that clinical and/or biochemical markers of insulin resistance should be included as prognostic markers in assessment of acute COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Gangadharan
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Hrudayalaya Limited, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupa Ahluwalia
- Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Chief Scientific Officer, Numen Health, Bangalore 560095, Karnataka, India
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12
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Mal S, Dwivedi AR, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar B, Kumar V. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Different Disease States: Recent Updates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3193-3215. [PMID: 32674727 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200716113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand dependant transcription factor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR exists in three isoforms i.e. PPAR alpha (PPARα), PPAR beta (PPARβ), and PPAR gamma (PPARγ). These are multi-functional transcription factors and help in regulating inflammation, type 2 diabetes, lipid concentration in the body, metastasis, and tumor growth or angiogenesis. Activation of PPARγ causes inhibition of growth of cultured human breast, gastric, lung, prostate, and other cancer cells. PPARγ is mainly involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and homeostasis and adipogenesis regulation. A large number of natural and synthetic ligands bind to PPARγ and modulate its activity. Ligands such as thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPARγ; however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor. Now the focus is shifted towards the development of dual-acting or pan PPAR ligands. The current review article describes the functions and role of PPARγ in various disease states. In addition, recently reported PPARγ ligands and pan PPAR ligands were discussed in detail. It is envisaged that the present review article may help in the development of potent PPAR ligands with no or minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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13
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Zorena K, Jachimowicz-Duda O, Ślęzak D, Robakowska M, Mrugacz M. Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3570. [PMID: 32443588 PMCID: PMC7278967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that the number of obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds the number of those who are undernourished. Obesity is not only a state of abnormally increased adipose tissue in the body, but also of increased release of biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into the circulating blood, due to their specific receptors on the surface of target cells, act as classic hormones affecting the metabolism of tissues and organs. What is more, adipokines and cytokines may decrease the insulin sensitivity of tissues and induce inflammation and development of chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated that in an era of a global obesity pandemic, adipokines may gain more and more importance as regards their use in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of white, brown and perivascular fatty tissue and obesity-related metabolic and chronic complications was conducted online using PubMed, the Cochrane database and Embase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Jachimowicz-Duda
- Independent Public Specialized Health Care Center in Lębork, Department of Internal Diseases, Węgrzynowicza 13, 84-300 Lębork, Poland;
| | - Daniel Ślęzak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marlena Robakowska
- Department of Public Health & Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Zwycięctwa 42a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
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14
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Davids SFG, Matsha TE, Peer N, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP. The 7-Year Change in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Their Determinants in an Urban South African Population. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3781214. [PMID: 32566678 PMCID: PMC7261324 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3781214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and subclinical inflammation are involved in pathological pathways leading to the development of biological cardiovascular risk factors and subsequent cardiovascular events. Therefore, monitoring these processes can provide advanced information on the trajectory of cardiovascular risk profile of a population and inform prevention and control strategies. We investigated changes in IR and subclinical inflammation in a population from Cape Town, South Africa, between 2008/09 and 2014/16. METHODS In a total of 2503 (n = 797, 2008/09) and (n = 1706, 2014/16) participants, IR was calculated using five indices, i.e., insulin fasting, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McAuley, and Matsuda while subclinical inflammation was measured using usCRP and gamma GT. Linear and logistic regression analyses and interaction tests were conducted. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 53.2 (2008/09) and 48.2 (2014/16), respectively. In females, IR prevalence significantly decreased between 2008/09 and 2014/2016 by all indices (p ≤ 0.021), while subclinical inflammation prevalence increased from 54.7% (2008/09) to 57.1% (2014/16) based on usCRP and 29.6% to 33.4% based on gamma GT. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for the year of study, age, and gender, prominent factors associated with increased IR or subclinical inflammation were obesity levels measured using waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS Over the 7-year period, subclinical inflammation increased and this was associated with IR and the metabolic syndrome components, both of which are strong predictors of CVDs. The decrease in IR over the year period reflects in part the much younger age in the second survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarah Fatoma Gadija Davids
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandi Edith Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv Timothy Erasmus
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Zahran AM, El-Badawy O, Mohamad IL, Tamer DM, Abdel-Aziz SM, Elsayh KI. Platelet Activation and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates in Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:230S-239S. [PMID: 30309255 PMCID: PMC6714843 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618805861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia alone may not explain the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with type 2. This study emphases on the
evaluation of some platelet activity markers in patients with T1D, with relevance to some
metabolic disorders as hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. This study was performed on 35
patients with T1D and 20 healthy controls. All participants were subjected to full history
taking, clinical examination and assay of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and
lipid profile. The expression of CD62P and CD36 on platelets and the frequency of
platelet–monocyte, and platelet–neutrophil aggregates were assessed by flow cytometry.
Patients showed significantly higher expression of CD62P and CD36 than the control group.
Platelets aggregates with monocytes were also higher among patients than the control
group. Levels of CD36+ platelets, CD62P+ platelets, and
platelet–monocyte aggregates revealed significant correlations with the levels of
HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia accompanying T1D have a stimulatory effect on platelet
activation which probably makes those patients vulnerable to CVD than nondiabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ismail L Mohamad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Deiaaeldin M Tamer
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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16
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Offor O, Utay N, Reynoso D, Somasunderam A, Currier J, Lake J. Adiponectin and the steatosis marker Chi3L1 decrease following switch to raltegravir compared to continued PI/NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196395. [PMID: 29746485 PMCID: PMC5944924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV are at for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fatty liver disease, but the role of Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is poorly understood. MetS and fatty liver disease been associated with changes in adiponectin, soluble ST2 (sST2), chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1), hyaluronic acid (HA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) concentrations in HIV-uninfected populations. Protease (PI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) may contribute to these comorbidities, but the effects of switching from PI- or NNRTI to raltegravir (RAL) on these biomarkers is unknown. METHODS Cryopreserved plasma was obtained from a completed, prospective trial of HIV-infected women with central adiposity on NNRTI- or PI-based ART during which they were randomized to remain on their current ART or switch to a RAL based regimen. Biomarker concentrations were quantified using ELISA and Multiplex assays at baseline and 24 weeks after randomization. Wilcoxon-signed rank test evaluated within-group changes, Spearman and linear regression models evaluated correlations between biomarkers and clinical covariates. RESULTS Participants had a median age of 43 years, CD4+ T lymphocyte count 558 cells/mm3 and BMI 32 kg/m2; 35% met criteria for MetS. At baseline, higher adiponectin levels correlated with higher Chi3L1 levels (r = 0.42, p = 0.02), as did declines after 24 weeks (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). Changes in sST2 correlated with changes in Chi3L1 (r = 0.43, p = 0.02) and adiponectin (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). Adiponectin and Chi3L1 levels decreased significantly in women switched to RAL vs continue PI/NNRTI. CONCLUSION In women with HIV and central obesity, the hepatic steatosis/fibrosis marker Chi3L1 and adiponectin decrease in conjunction with sST2 decreases following switch to RAL. Whether switching from NNRTI/PI-based regimens to RAL can improve hepatic steatosis and dysmetabolism requires further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00656175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiageli Offor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Netanya Utay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Reynoso
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anoma Somasunderam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Judith Currier
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan Lake
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Li YY, Yang XF, Gu H, Snellingen T, Liu XP, Liu NP. The relationship between insulin resistance/β-cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Desheng Diabetic Eye Study. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:493-500. [PMID: 29600185 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.03.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR)/β-cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore further whether there were differences in the relationship among diabetic patients with higher and lower body mass index (BMI). METHODS Cross-sectional study. A total of 1466 subjects with T2DM were recruited in a local Desheng Community of urban Beijing from November 2009 to June 2012 for the cohort of Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study. Standardized evaluation was carried out for each participant, including questionnaire, ocular and anthropometric examinations, and laboratory tests. Seven fields 30° color fundus photographs were used for DR grading according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocols. Homeostatis Model Assessment (HOMA) method was employed for IR and β-cell function assessment. RESULTS After excluding those participants who were treated with insulin (n=352) or had missing data of fasting insulin (n=96), and further excluding those with poor quality of retinal photographs (n=10), a total of 1008 subjects were included for the final analysis, 406 (40.3%) were men and 602 (59.7%) were women, age ranging from 34 to 86 (64.87±8.28)y. Any DR (levels 14 and above) was present in 278 (27.6%) subjects. After adjusting for possible covariates, the presence of any DR did not correlate with HOMA IR [odds ratio (OR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-2.61, P=0.14] or HOMA β-cell (OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.40-1.26, P=0.25). After stratification by BMI, the presence of any DR was associated positively with HOMA IR (OR 2.46, 95%CI: 1.18-5.12, P=0.016), and negatively with HOMA β-cell (OR 0.40, 95%CI: 0.19-0.87, P=0.021) in the group of patients with higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2). In the group of patients with lower BMI (<25 kg/m2), the presence of any DR was not associated with HOMA IR (OR 1.00, 95%CI: 0.43-2.33, P=1.00) or HOMA β-cell (OR 1.41, 95%CI: 0.60-3.32, P=0.43). CONCLUSION The data suggest that higher IR and lower β-cell function are associated with the presence of DR in the subgroup of diabetic patients with higher BMI. However, this association is not statistically significant in diabetic patients with lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Xi-Pu Liu
- Sekwa Institute of Medicine, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Ning-Pu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Kelly CB, Hookham MB, Yu JY, Lockhart SM, Du M, Jenkins AJ, Nankervis A, Hanssen KF, Henriksen T, Garg SK, Hammad SM, Scardo JA, Aston CE, Patterson CC, Lyons TJ. Circulating adipokines are associated with pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2514-2524. [PMID: 28875223 PMCID: PMC9597852 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The incidence of pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy, is fourfold higher in type 1 diabetic than non-diabetic women; it is also increased in women with features of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In a prospective study of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, we measured plasma levels of adipokines known to be associated with insulin resistance: leptin, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin (total and high molecular weight [HMW]; also known as high molecular mass), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and resistin and evaluated associations with the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia. METHODS From an established prospective cohort of pregnant type 1 diabetic women, we studied 23 who developed pre-eclampsia and 24 who remained normotensive; for reference values we included 19 healthy non-diabetic normotensive pregnant women. Plasma adipokines were measured (by ELISA) in stored samples from three study visits (Visit 1- Visit 3) at different gestational ages (mean ± SD): Visit 1, 12.4 ± 1.8 weeks; Visit 2, 21.7 ± 1.4 weeks; and Visit 3, 31.4 ± 1.5 weeks. All the women were free of microalbuminuria and hypertension at enrolment. All study visits preceded the clinical onset of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS In all groups, leptin, the ratio of leptin to total or HMW adiponectin, FABP4 concentration, ratio of FABP4 to total or HMW adiponectin and resistin level increased, while total and HMW adiponectin decreased, with gestational age. At Visit 1: (1) in diabetic women with vs without subsequent pre-eclampsia, leptin, ratio of leptin to total or HMW adiponectin, and ratio of FABP4 to total or HMW adiponectin, were increased (p < 0.05), while total adiponectin was decreased (p < 0.05); and (2) in normotensive diabetic vs non-diabetic women, total adiponectin was elevated (p < 0.05). At Visits 2 and 3: (1) the primary findings in the two diabetic groups persisted, and FABP4 also increased in women with subsequent pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05); and (2) there were no differences between the two normotensive groups. By logistic regression analyses after covariate adjustment (HbA1c, insulin kg-1 day-1 and gestational age), the best predictive models for pre-eclampsia were as follows: Visit 1, doubling of leptin, OR 9.0 (p < 0.01); Visit 2, doubling of the leptin:total adiponectin ratio, OR 3.7 (p < 0.05); and Visit 3, doubling of FABP4 concentration, OR 25.1 (p < 0.01). The associations were independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION As early as the first trimester in type 1 diabetic women, adipokine profiles that suggest insulin resistance are associated with subsequent pre-eclampsia, possibly reflecting maternal characteristics that precede pregnancy. These associations persist in the second and third trimesters, and are independent of BMI. Insulin resistance may predispose women with type 1 diabetes to pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare B Kelly
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CSB Suite 822, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Michelle B Hookham
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jeremy Y Yu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CSB Suite 822, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Samuel M Lockhart
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Du
- Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CSB Suite 822, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kristian F Hanssen
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satish K Garg
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Lyons
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CSB Suite 822, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Cheng PC, Hsu SR, Cheng YC, Liu YH. Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and extent of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3875. [PMID: 29018613 PMCID: PMC5632534 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Diabetic complications have recently been associated with a measure of glucose metabolism known as the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). Currently there is insufficient information regarding a potential link between HGI and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGI and extent of CHD in individuals with T2D. METHODS This cross-sectional study screened individuals visiting the endocrinology clinic between June 2012 and May 2016 for eligibility. Enrollment criteria included individuals above 21 years of age with T2D diagnosed in the preceding ten years. Candidates with hemoglobin disorders, pregnancy, and existing coronary artery disease were excluded. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were sampled three months prior to angiography. The regression equation of predicted HbA1c = 0.008 × FPG + 6.28 described the linear relationship between these variables. HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured HbA1c and predicted HbA1c. Participants were classified into two groups according to the presence of supranormal (≥0) or subnormal HGI (<0). RESULTS Among 423 participants, people with supranormal HGI harbored an increased prevalence of multiple vessel disease relative to those with subnormal HGI (Odds ratio (OR): 3.9, 95% CI [2.64-5.98], P < 0.001). Moreover, individuals with supranormal HGI more frequently demonstrated lesions involving the left anterior descending artery (OR: 3.0, 95% CI [1.97-4.66], P < 0.001). The intergroup difference in mean HbA1c was statistically nonsignificant (7.5 ± 1.0% versus 7.4 ± 1.1%, P = 0.80). DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that HGI correlated with the extent of CHD in individuals with T2D. People with supranormal HGI harbored a higher prevalence of extensive cardiovascular disease compared to those with subnormal HGI. The relationship between HGI and extent of CHD enables cardiovascular risk stratification in at risk individuals. Overall, HGI provides useful information concerning cardiovascular risk in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Chung Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Shang Ren Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chung Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsiu Liu
- Department of Accounting and Information Systems, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ischemic colitis of the colon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:87-93. [PMID: 28780750 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on two inflammatory diseases, viz., "diabetes mellitus (DM)" that causes serious complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and "ischemic colitis" which is evoked by DM. Ischemic colitis originates from the reduction in mesenteric blood flow to the colon with existence of the occlusive or non-occlusive reasons. Our study objective was to provide early diagnostic approach for ischemic colitis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (i) control use of 0.1 M citrate buffer, the solvent of streptozotocin (C), (ii). induced ischemia (I), (iii) rats subjected to 60 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally to induce type 1 diabetes (D) (48 h after STZ injection, blood glucose levels >200 mg/dl were considered as diabetic), and (iv) diabetic rats subjected to intestinal ischemia (D+I). The third diabetic group (D) was not operated. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed, C-reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin levels were measured in the serum and colon tissue specimens. Tissue specimens were also analyzed histologically. We found that serum and colon calprotectin levels were elevated in the D+I group compared to the D and/or I group alone, but relatively calprotectin levels increased in I as compared to C group in colon tissues. CRP levels were significantly increased with ischemic colitis in diabetes, while colon CRP levels were decreased. These results provide evidence for the existence of inflammation in the STZ-induced diabetic rats with ischemic colitis. In conclusion, our measurements of serum calprotectin levels of STZ-induced diabetic rats with ischemic colitis provide a practical approach for an early diagnosis of ischemic colitis. Furthermore, these biochemical analyses correlate well with the histopathologic findings of STZ-induced diabetic rats with ischemic colitis. Future studies would be desirable to further strengthen the role of calprotectin in the early diagnosis of ischemic colitis in diabetics clinical settings.
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Lewis MC, Merrifield CA, Berger B, Cloarec O, Duncker S, Mercenier A, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Bailey M. Early intervention with Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 modulates the host-microbe interface independent of the sustained changes induced by the neonatal environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5310. [PMID: 28706260 PMCID: PMC5509696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and metabolic diseases can originate during early-life and have been correlated with shifts in intestinal microbial ecology. Here we demonstrate that minor environmental fluctuations during the early neonatal period had sustained effects on the developing porcine microbiota and host-microbe interface. These inter-replicate effects appear to originate during the first day of life, and are likely to reflect very early microbiota acquisition from the environment. We statistically link early systemic inflammation with later local increases in inflammatory cytokine (IL-17) production, which could have important enteric health implications. Immunity, intestinal barrier function, host metabolism and host-microbiota co-metabolism were further modified by Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 supplementation, although composition of the in situ microbiota remained unchanged. Finally, our robust model identified novel, strong correlations between urinary metabolites (eg malonate, phenylacetylglycine, alanine) and mucosal immunoglobulin (IgM) and cytokine (IL-10, IL-4) production, thus providing the possibility of the development of urinary ‘dipstick’ tests to assess non-accessible mucosal immune development and identify early precursors (biomarkers) of disease. These results have important implications for infants exposed to neonatal factors including caesarean delivery, antibiotic therapy and delayed discharge from hospital environments, which may predispose to the development of inflammatory and metabolic diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Claire A Merrifield
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Swantje Duncker
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Annick Mercenier
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Icli B, Feinberg MW. Emerging Roles for MicroRNAs in Diabetic Microvascular Disease: Novel Targets for Therapy. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:145-168. [PMID: 28323921 PMCID: PMC5460677 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation and impaired microvascular function are critical hallmarks in the development of insulin resistance. Accordingly, insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating studies demonstrate that restoration of impaired function of the diabetic macro- and microvasculature may ameliorate a range of cardiovascular disease states and diabetes-associated complications. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs that fine-tune target gene expression and signaling pathways, in insulin-responsive tissues and cell types important for maintaining optimal vascular homeostasis and preventing the sequelae of diabetes-induced end organ injury. We highlight current pathophysiological paradigms of miRNAs and their targets involved in regulating the diabetic microvasculature in a range of diabetes-associated complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, wound healing, and myocardial injury. We provide an update of the potential use of circulating miRNAs diagnostically in type I or type II diabetes. Finally, we discuss emerging delivery platforms for manipulating miRNA expression or function as the next frontier in therapeutic intervention to improve diabetes-associated microvascular dysfunction and its attendant clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China, and
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Basak Icli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Sarswat PK, Mishra YK, Free ML. Fabrication and response of alpha-hydroxybutyrate sensors for rapid assessment of cardiometabolic disease risk. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bonamichi BDSF, Parente EB, Campos ACN, Cury AN, Salles JEN. Hyperglycemia effect on coronary disease in patients with metabolic syndrome evaluated by intracoronary ultrasonography. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171733. [PMID: 28187174 PMCID: PMC5302811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by dyslipidemia, central obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia. However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may or may not be present in metabolic syndrome. MS and T2DM are considered important cardiovascular risk factors, but the role of hyperglycemia in coronary disease is still contested in the literature. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on the severity of coronary disease in MS patients, with or without T2DM, submitted to coronary angiography (CA) and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross sectional, observational study with 100 MS patients (50% with T2DM), 60% male. All of the patients had been referred for CA procedures. The obstruction was considered severe when stenosis was greater than 70% and moderate if it was between 50-69%. Patients detected with a moderate obstruction by CA were indicated to IVUS. A minimal luminal area of less than 4mm2 detected by IVUS was also considered severe. IDF criteria were used to define Metabolic Syndrome and T2DM diagnosis was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Student's t-test and Pearson Chi-square were used for statistical analysis, considering p < 0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The majority of T2DM patients presented severe arterial lesions (74% vs 22%, p<0.001). Using CA procedure, 12% of T2DM had moderate obstructions, compared to 38% of the non-diabetic group (p< 0.05). 8% of patients with moderate lesions by CA were diagnosed with a luminal area less than 4mm2 using IVUS. This luminal area was significantly smaller in the T2DM group than in the control group (3.8mm2 ± 2.42. vs 4.6mm2 ± 2.58, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Patients with MS and T2DM submitted to angiography and IVUS, had more severe coronary lesions compared to MS patients without diabetes. This finding suggests that beyond insulin resistance that is present in MS, hyperglycemia may also play a role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. IVUS was useful for diagnosing 8% of severe cases initially considered to be moderate obstructions when using just CA in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Bezerra Parente
- Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Adriano Namo Cury
- Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Eduardo Nunes Salles
- Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lopez-Carmona MD, Plaza-Seron MC, Vargas-Candela A, Tinahones FJ, Gomez-Huelgas R, Bernal-Lopez MR. CD36 overexpression: a possible etiopathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:55. [PMID: 28729885 PMCID: PMC5516302 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE CD36 is a scavenger receptor located on monocytes which is involved in foam cell transformation. AIM To evaluate CD36 expression under different glycemic states in both healthy subjects and in atherosclerotic patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In order to evaluate the possible effects of hyperglycemia on CD36 expression in healthy subjects, an in vitro experiment was carried out using monocyte in three different conditions: extreme hyperglycemia (HG), euglycemia (EG) and in the absence of glucose. On the other hand, three groups of atherosclerotic patients were evaluated according to their glycemic conditions: normoglycemic (NG), prediabetic (preDM) and diabetic (DM) patients. CD36 expression (mRNA, non-glycated and glycated protein) was analyzed in monocytes. RESULTS CD36 mRNA expression in the in vitro experiment peaked at 4 and 24 h under HG conditions. No differences in mRNA levels were found in the EG and control group. The level of non-glycated proteins was higher in HG and EG conditions compared with control group. Glycated protein expression was inhibited by glucose in a sustained manner. In atherosclerotic patients, a significant association was observed when comparing glycated CD36 protein expression in DM with NG patients (p = 0.03). No significant differences were found in mRNA and non-glycated CD36 expression in these patients. Moreover, BMI, insulin, weight and treatment were shown to be related to CD36 expression (mRNA, non-glycated and glycated protein levels, depending of the case) in atherosclerotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia is an important modulator of CD36 mRNA and non-glycated protein expression in vitro, increasing de novo synthesis in healthy subjects. In atherosclerotic patients, there are progressive increases in CD36 receptors, which may be due to a post-translational stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Lopez-Carmona
- Internal Medicine Department, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Carlos Haya Hospital), Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Malaga, Spain
| | - M. C. Plaza-Seron
- Research Laboratory-Allergy Unit, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Carlos Haya Hospital), Malaga, Spain
| | - A. Vargas-Candela
- Internal Medicine Department, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Carlos Haya Hospital), Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Malaga, Spain
| | - F. J. Tinahones
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Virgen de la Victoria Hospital), Malaga, Spain
- CIBERFisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Gomez-Huelgas
- Internal Medicine Department, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Carlos Haya Hospital), Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- CIBERFisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. R. Bernal-Lopez
- Internal Medicine Department, Biomedical Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Carlos Haya Hospital), Avda. Hospital Civil s/n, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- CIBERFisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ramírez-Morros A, Granado-Casas M, Alcubierre N, Martinez-Alonso M, Real J, Castelblanco E, Esquerda A, Cao G, Rubinat E, Hernández M, Alonso N, Fernández E, Mauricio D. Calcium Phosphate Product Is Associated with Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3498368. [PMID: 28840128 PMCID: PMC5559910 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3498368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) and mineral metabolism-related factors (serum phosphate, calcium, and parathormone) are associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA), defined as the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (main study outcome), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without kidney disease or previous cardiovascular disease. METHODS We undertook a post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study in adults with T2DM in whom we evaluated SCA. A total of 303 subjects with T2DM were included. Clinical variables and carotid ultrasound imaging were obtained. RESULTS We found no association of 25OHD with the presence of SCA. However, calcium phosphate (CaP; mg2/dL2) product was positively associated with the presence of carotid plaques (ORadj = 1.078; 95% CI: 1.017-1.142). An inverse association was observed between higher levels of 25OHD (≥30 ng/mL versus <20 ng/mL concentrations) and common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT; mm) (βadj ± SE = -0.055 ± 0.024). We conclude that the CaP product is independently associated with the presence of established subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alcubierre
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martinez-Alonso
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Real
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aureli Esquerda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Esther Rubinat
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Unitat de Deteccio i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombotiques, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- *Didac Mauricio:
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Lee JE, Shin DW, Yun JM, Kim SH, Nam YS, Cho B, Lim JS, Jeong HY, Kwon HM, Park JH. Insulin Resistance Is a Risk Factor for Silent Lacunar Infarction. Stroke 2016; 47:2938-2944. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
This study aims to investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR) and silent lacunar infarction (SLI) in healthy adults.
Methods—
We recruited 2326 healthy Korean adults who took health checkups, including a brain magnetic resonance imaging. SLI was defined as an infarction measuring 0.3 to 1.5 cm in diameter that was localized in the territory of perforating branches of cerebral arteries, as seen in the brain magnetic resonance imaging. The homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance index was used for IR estimation, and the cutoff value for its diagnosis for Koreans was 2.56.
Results—
The mean age of the study population was 56.2 years (range, 40–79 years), and 1279 subjects (55.0%) were male. The prevalence of SLI and IR was 8.1% and 18.1%, respectively. In multivariate logistic analysis, after adjusting for traditional SLI-associated risk factors, IR was positively associated with the prevalence of SLI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.46). The proportion of subjects with multiple SLI lesions (≥2) was also higher in the IR (+) group than that in the IR (−) group (4.3% versus 1.7%;
P
<0.001). In ordered logistic regression, IR was positively associated with an increase in SLI severity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.56).
Conclusions—
IR is an independent risk factor of SLI presence and its severity in Koreans. Whether improvement of IR might prevent SLI occurrence needs to be addressed by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Sang Hyuck Kim
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - You-Seon Nam
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - BeLong Cho
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Jae-Sung Lim
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Han-Yeong Jeong
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Hyung-Min Kwon
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- From the Department of Family Medicine (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.) and Health Promotion Center (J.E.L., D.W.S., J.M.Y., S.H.K., Y.-S.N., B.C., J.-H.P.), Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (H.-Y.J.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Municipal
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Zhu P, Sun W, Zhang C, Song Z, Lin S. The role of neuropeptide Y in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chawla A, Chawla R, Jaggi S. Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:546-551. [PMID: 27366724 PMCID: PMC4911847 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.183480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and related complications are associated with long-term damage and failure of various organ systems. The line of demarcation between the pathogenic mechanisms of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and differing responses to therapeutic interventions is blurred. Diabetes induces changes in the microvasculature, causing extracellular matrix protein synthesis, and capillary basement membrane thickening which are the pathognomic features of diabetic microangiopathy. These changes in conjunction with advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, low grade inflammation, and neovascularization of vasa vasorum can lead to macrovascular complications. Hyperglycemia is the principal cause of microvasculopathy but also appears to play an important role in causation of macrovasculopathy. There is thought to be an intersection between micro and macro vascular complications, but the two disorders seem to be strongly interconnected, with micro vascular diseases promoting atherosclerosis through processes such as hypoxia and changes in vasa vasorum. It is thus imperative to understand whether microvascular complications distinctly precede macrovascular complications or do both of them progress simultaneously as a continuum. This will allow re-focusing on the clinical issues with a unifying perspective which can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shalini Jaggi
- Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India
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Chemerin: a new biomarker to predict postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:714-21. [PMID: 26854798 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with increased visceral adiposity are considered to be more sensitive and more prone to severe acute pancreatitis because of the inflammatory microenvironment they have. We hypothesized that insulin resistance, adipokines, and proinflammatory cytokines that markedly affect the course of pancreatitis can contribute toward development of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) and aimed to investigate the association between PEP risk and preprocedural serum vaspin, chemerin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients with a diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and 30 controls were enrolled. Preprocedural chemerin, vaspin, IL-6, and well-known PEP risk factors were compared between PEP and non-PEP groups. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 56.3±14.4 years; 52 patients were women. Adipocytokine levels, BMIs, and waist circumferences of the patient group were found to be higher than those of the controls. Total cannulation success and the mean procedure time were 82.9% and 28.7±8.8 min, respectively. PEP developed in 12 (14.6%) patients. Chemerin levels in the PEP group were higher than those in the non-PEP group (580.2±172.5 vs. 392.2±168.2 ng/ml, P<0.01). Insulin resistance was higher in the PEP group than the non-PEP group (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference between PEP and non-PEP groups in terms of preprocedural vaspin, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein levels. According to logistic regression analysis, increased chemerin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 2.5 or greater, and pancreatic duct cannulation were found to be independent risk factors for PEP [odds ratio (OR)=1.006, P=0.006; OR=4.57, P=0.05; OR=6.54, P=0.02]. CONCLUSION Elevated serum chemerin levels and insulin resistance are independent risk factors of PEP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dietze
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Görgens SW, Hjorth M, Eckardt K, Wichert S, Norheim F, Holen T, Lee S, Langleite T, Birkeland KI, Stadheim HK, Kolnes KJ, Tangen DS, Kolnes AJ, Jensen J, Drevon CA, Eckel J. The exercise-regulated myokine chitinase-3-like protein 1 stimulates human myocyte proliferation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:330-45. [PMID: 26303257 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is involved in tissue remodelling and inflammatory processes. Plasma levels are elevated in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM. We recently showed that CHI3L1 and its receptor protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) are expressed in skeletal muscle. Activation of PAR-2 by CHI3L1 protects against TNF-α-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the effect of exercise on CHI3L1 and PAR-2 signalling remains unknown. The aim of this work was to study the impact of exercise on CHI3L1 production and the effect of CHI3L1/PAR-2 signalling on skeletal muscle growth and repair. METHODS Three human exercise studies were used to measure CHI3L1 plasma levels (n = 32). In addition, muscle and adipose tissue CHI3L1 mRNA expression was measured in response to acute and long-term exercise (n = 24). Primary human skeletal muscle cells were differentiated in vitro, and electrical pulse stimulation was applied. In addition, myoblasts were incubated with CHI3L1 protein and activation of MAP kinase signalling as well as proliferation was measured. RESULTS Circulating CHI3L1 levels and muscle CHI3L1 mRNA were increased after acute exercise. In addition, CHI3L1 mRNA expression as well as CHI3L1 secretion was enhanced in electrically stimulated cultured myotubes. Incubation of cultured human myoblasts with CHI3L1 protein leads to a strong activation of p44/42, p38 MAPK and Akt as well as enhanced myoblast proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CHI3L1 is induced by acute exercise and that CHI3L1/PAR-2 signalling activates myocyte proliferation, which is important for restructuring of skeletal muscle in the response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Görgens
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center (DDZ); Düsseldorf Germany
| | - M. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K. Eckardt
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center (DDZ); Düsseldorf Germany
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Wichert
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center (DDZ); Düsseldorf Germany
| | - F. Norheim
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Holen
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Lee
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Langleite
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K. I. Birkeland
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - H. K. Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - K. J. Kolnes
- Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - D. S. Tangen
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - A. J. Kolnes
- Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - C. A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - J. Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center (DDZ); Düsseldorf Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.); Düsseldorf Germany
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Abstract
The consumption of ethanol can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the function of the heart and cardiovascular system, depending on the amount consumed. Low-to-moderate amounts of ethanol intake are associated with improvements in cardiac function and vascular health. On the other hand, ethanol chronically consumed in large amounts acts as a toxin to the heart and vasculature. The cardiac injury produced by chronic alcohol abuse can progress to heart failure and eventual death. Furthermore, alcohol abuse may exacerbate preexisting heart conditions, such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of both the beneficial and detrimental cardiac effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Asha GV, Raja Gopal Reddy M, Mahesh M, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Male mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced hyperglycaemia and display increased circulatory retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and its expression in visceral adipose depots. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:19-26. [PMID: 26619134 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolites are known to modulate adipose tissue development and its associated complications. Here, we assessed the vitamin A status and its metabolic pathway gene expression in relation to sexual dimorphism by employing 35 days old C57BL/6J male and female mice, which were fed either stock or high fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks. HF diet feeding increased body weight/weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) of visceral and subcutaneous regions, however, increase in vitamin A levels observed only in subcutaneous WAT. Further, the expression of most of the vitamin A metabolic pathway genes showed no sexual dimorphism. The observed HF diet-induced hyperglycaemia in male corroborates with increased retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels in plasma and its expression in visceral adipose depots. In conclusion, the male mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced hyperglycaemia and display higher plasma RBP4 levels, possibly due to its over-expression in visceral adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Asha
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - M Raja Gopal Reddy
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - M Mahesh
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - A Vajreswari
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - S M Jeyakumar
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
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Grassi D, Desideri G, Mai F, Martella L, De Feo M, Soddu D, Fellini E, Veneri M, Stamerra CA, Ferri C. Cocoa, glucose tolerance, and insulin signaling: cardiometabolic protection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9919-9926. [PMID: 26126077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence reported that some polyphenol-rich natural products may offer opportunities for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to their biological properties. Natural products have been suggested to modulate carbohydrate metabolism by various mechanisms, such as restoring β-cell integrity and physiology and enhancing insulin-releasing activity and glucose uptake. Endothelium is fundamental in regulating arterial function, whereas insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in pathophysiological mechanisms of prediabetic and diabetic states. Glucose and insulin actions in the skeletal muscle are improved by insulin-dependent production of nitric oxide, favoring capillary recruitment, vasodilatation, and increased blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction, with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, insulin resistance has been described, at least in part, to negatively affect endothelial function. Consistent with this, conditions of insulin resistance are usually linked to endothelial dysfunction, and the exposure of the endothelial cells to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia is associated with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, resulting in impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction has been described as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and events. Cocoa and cocoa flavonoids may positively affect the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction with possible benefits in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Francesca Mai
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Letizia Martella
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Daniele Soddu
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fellini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Mariangela Veneri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Cosimo A Stamerra
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Coppito, Italy
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Paapstel K, Zilmer M, Eha J, Tootsi K, Piir A, Kals J. Association Between Fibulin-1 and Aortic Augmentation Index in Male Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 51:76-82. [PMID: 26507503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibulin-1 (FBLN-1), a newly identified biomarker for vascular stiffness in type 2 diabetes, may participate in the pathophysiological processes leading to progression of arterial stiffness in atherosclerosis. In the present study, the relationship between FBLN-1 and arterial stiffness was examined in patients with atherosclerosis and in healthy subjects. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (age 62.4 ± 9.0 years), 38 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (age 64.0 ± 9.5 years), and 30 apparently healthy controls (age 61.1 ± 6.4 years) were studied. Serum FBLN-1, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. The technique of applanation tonometry was used for non-invasive pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity assessments. RESULTS The levels of FBLN-1 (PAD = 9.4 [4.9-17.8] vs. CAD = 7.1 [4.8-11.8] vs. controls = 5.6 [4.1-8.4] μg/mL; p = .005), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) (9.8 ± 2.2 vs. 9.5 ± 2.2 vs. 8.3 ± 2.2 m/s; p = .023) and the heart rate corrected augmentation index (AIx@75) (29.4 ± 7.2 vs. 19.2 ± 7.2 vs. 15.4 ± 7.1%; p < .001), differed among the three groups. A correlation between FBLN-1 and AIx@75 was observed only in patients with PAD (rho = 0.37, p = .021). The relationship retained statistical significance in a multiple regression model after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS An independent association was demonstrated between serum FBLN-1 and AIx@75 in the PAD group. Thus, the findings suggest that FBLN-1 may play a role in arterial stiffening in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paapstel
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - M Zilmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Eha
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Tootsi
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Piir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Kals
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Vascular Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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Yan Y, Chang Q, Li Q, Li L, Wang S, Du R, Hu X. Identification of plasma vascular endothelia-cadherin as a biomarker for coronary artery disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19466-19470. [PMID: 26770593 PMCID: PMC4694493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTS To examine how vascular endothelia (VE)-cadherin plasma levels are correlated with parameters associated with endothelial function such as endothelin-1, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS VE-cadherin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Spearman's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between plasma VE-cadherin and other factors. RESULTS By univariate correlation analysis, plasma VE-cadherin levels were significantly associated with age, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin A1c, and endothelin-1. Multiple regression analysis (adjusted for age, total cholesterol, and triglyceride) showed that plasma VE-cadherin levels were independently and significantly associated with HbA1c and ET-1. Plasma VE-cadherin levels were significantly highest in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. While patients with diabetes mellitus had higher levels of VE-cadherin compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study found that VE-cadherin levels might be a biomarker for some endothelial dysfunction associated with coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qingqing Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Quanmin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ruiqin Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Artillary General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100088, China
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Miyazaki T, Honda A, Ikegami T, Iwamoto J, Monma T, Hirayama T, Saito Y, Yamashita K, Matsuzaki Y. Simultaneous quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate as possible markers of amino acid and fatty acid catabolic pathways by LC-ESI-MS/MS. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:494. [PMID: 26389019 PMCID: PMC4571036 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and specific method for quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3HIB), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3HMB) and 2-hydroxybutyrate (2HB), which could be new non-invasive biomarkers for catabolic pathways of fatty acids/ketogenic amino acids, valine, leucine, and methionine/threonine/α-ketobutyrate, respectively. The four hydroxybutyrates (3HB, 3HIB, 3HMB, and 2HB) were extracted from 5 µl of saliva, converted to 2-pyridylmethyl (2PM) ester derivatives, and measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. [13C4]3HB was used as an internal standard. The detection limits for the 2PM esters were <1 pg (7.9–9.6 fmol) on-column (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). Reproducibilities and recoveries of the hydroxybutyrates were validated according to one-way layout and polynomial equation, respectively. The variances between sample preparations and between measurements were calculated to be 0.45–5.28 and 0.54–3.45 %, respectively. Experiments performed using 5 µl of saliva spiked with 3.8–154.4 pmol of the four hydroxybutyrates gave recoveries of 98.5 to 108.8 %, with a mean recovery of 104.1 %. In vitro experiments in hepatocytes or skeletal muscle cells showed that addition of palmitic acid, valine, leucine or α-ketobutyrate to culture medium markedly increased the targeted hydroxybutyrate concentrations. The salivary concentration of each targeted hydroxybutyrate was positively correlated with that in serum, and the salivary levels were elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is characterized by upregulated catabolism of lipids and amino acids. The proposed method is useful for quantification of salivary 3HB, 3HIB, 3HMB, and 2HB for monitoring of catabolic activities of amino acids and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Junichi Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Tadakuni Monma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
| | - Kouwa Yamashita
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Kampo Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395 Japan
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Martinez-Hervas S, Martínez-Barquero V, Nuñez Savall E, Lendínez V, Olivares L, Benito E, Real JT, Chaves FJ, Ascaso JF. [Plasma IL-18 levels are related to insulin and are modulated by IL-18 gene polymorphisms]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2015. [PMID: 26205090 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic disease influenced by multiple factors. Different prospective studies have shown that plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers were related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether plasmatic levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) are modulated by SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the IL 18 gene and its possible association with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS 746 individuals were studied for a period of two years by opportunistic selection in the metropolitan area of Valencia. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were analyzed by standard methodology. IL-18 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Individuals with insulin resistance showed significant higher levels of IL-18. IL 18 was significantly correlated with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. The CC genotype of the rs1834481 SNP was significantly associated with lower levels of IL-18. However, the GG genotype of the rs7559479 was associated with significant higher levels of IL-18. CONCLUSION IL-18 is associated with insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors, being those levels genetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España.
| | | | - Ester Nuñez Savall
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Verónica Lendínez
- Unidad de Genotipado y Diagnóstico Genético, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Laura Olivares
- Unidad de Genotipado y Diagnóstico Genético, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Esther Benito
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España
| | - Jose T Real
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España
| | - F Javier Chaves
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Genotipado y Diagnóstico Genético, INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, España
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Cassar S, Teede HJ, Harrison CL, Joham AE, Moran LJ, Stepto NK. Biomarkers and insulin sensitivity in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Characteristics and predictive capacity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:50-8. [PMID: 25262763 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic complications. Metabolic biomarkers with roles in obesity, glycaemic control and lipid metabolism are potentially relevant in PCOS. The aim was to investigate metabolic biomarkers in lean and overweight women with and without PCOS and to determine whether any biomarker was able to predict insulin resistance in PCOS. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS Eighty-four women (22 overweight and 22 lean women with PCOS, 18 overweight and 22 lean women without PCOS) were recruited from the community and categorized based on PCOS and BMI status. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes were metabolic biomarkers [ghrelin, resistin, visfatin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and C-Peptide] measured using the Bio-Plex Pro Diabetes assay and insulin sensitivity as assessed by glucose infusion rate on euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. RESULTS The biomarkers C-peptide, leptin, ghrelin and visfatin were different between overweight and lean women, irrespective of PCOS status. The concentration of circulating biomarkers did not differ between women with PCOS diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria or National Institute of Health criteria. PAI-1 was the only biomarker that significantly predicted insulin resistance in both control women (P = 0.04) and women with PCOS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers associated with metabolic diseases appear more strongly associated with obesity rather than PCOS status. PAI-1 may also be a novel independent biomarker and predictor of insulin resistance in women with and without PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cassar
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Cheryce L Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Anju E Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Hong ES, Lim C, Choi HY, Ku EJ, Kim KM, Moon JH, Lim S, Park KS, Jang HC, Choi SH. The amount of C1q-adiponectin complex is higher in the serum and the complex localizes to perivascular areas of fat tissues and the intimal-medial layer of blood vessels of coronary artery disease patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 25956582 PMCID: PMC4431607 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The complement component C1q triggers activation of the classical immune pathway and can bind to adiponectin (APN). Recently, some studies have been reported that serum C1q-APN/total APN ratio correlates with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). We assessed the relationships between C1q related variables and the severity of CAD, and investigated the localization of the C1q–APN complex. Methods The sample included 153 subjects comprising healthy controls and patients with subclinical or overt CAD. We measured the serum concentrations of C1q, total APN, and high-molecular weight (HMW)-APN, and the amount of C1q–APN complex. We identified the sites of C1q–APN complex deposition in various adipose tissues and blood vessels. Results Serum concentrations of C1q and HMW-APN and the C1q/HMW-APN ratio were independently associated with the severity of coronary stenosis. The amount of C1q–APN complex was significantly higher in patients with CAD compared with controls. C1q and APN co-localized in perivascular areas of subcutaneous, visceral, and pericardial fat tissues, and the internal mammary artery of patients with severe CAD. Conclusions Serum C1q concentration and the C1q/HMW-APN ratio were independent markers of coronary artery stenosis. The amount of C1q–APN complex was significantly greater in serum from CAD patients. C1q and APN co-localized to perivascular areas in adipose tissue and blood vessels. The association between the increased amount of the C1q–APN complex and CAD should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Shil Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea.
| | - Cheong Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea.
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea.
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kido J, Bando Y, Bando M, Kajiura Y, Hiroshima Y, Inagaki Y, Murata H, Ikuta T, Kido R, Naruishi K, Funaki M, Nagata T. YKL-40 level in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Oral Dis 2015; 21:667-73. [PMID: 25740558 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE YKL-40 is a chitin-binding glycoprotein, the level of which increases in inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains many proteins and markers of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate YKL-40 level in GCF from patients with periodontitis and DM and the association between YKL-40 level and chronic periodontitis (CP) or DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 121 patients with DM, CP, DM and periodontitis (DM-P), and healthy subjects (H). GCF was collected using paper strips after the sites for GCF collection were clinically evaluated for probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). YKL-40 in GCF was identified by Western blotting, and its level was determined by ELISA. RESULTS YKL-40 was contained in GCF samples from H, DM, CP, and DM-P sites, and its levels (amount and concentration) in CP and DM-P were significantly higher than those in H and DM. GCF YKL-40 level significantly correlated with PD and GI, and its level in BOP-positive sites was significantly higher than that in BOP-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS GCF YKL-40 level was elevated in periodontitis, but not DM. YKL-40 in GCF may be an inflammatory marker for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Bando
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Kajiura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Hiroshima
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - H Murata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Ikuta
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - R Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Molecular and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1921-1930. [PMID: 26136915 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious health issue worldwide. The disease is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), which leads to dyslipidemia and alterations in the expression levels of a number of genes. Metformin is the standard treatment for T2DM; however, the exact mechanism underlying metformin regulation is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of metformin on serum lipid profiles and the expression levels of various genes that are associated with IR, as well as the histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas. A T2DM rat model was established by feeding the rats a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, combined with a dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). Following the successful induction of T2DM, metformin was administered orally (400 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The results indicated that metformin improved the symptoms of IR by normalizing the serum lipid profiles in the diabetic rats. Furthermore, metformin upregulated the expression of insulin receptors and genes associated with lipid metabolism, including acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α. In addition, treatment with metformin downregulated the expression levels of fetuin-A and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), while normalizing the expression of perilipin that had been reduced in the T2DM rats. Metformin administration induced regenerative changes in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and parenchyma. In the pancreas, treatment with metformin was shown to induce positive signaling for insulin and the regeneration of pancreatic β cells. In summary, metformin treatment ameliorated a number of the harmful effects associated with T2DM via the modulation of the expression levels of fetuin-A, RBP-4, perilipin and various genes associated with lipid metabolism, resulting in regenerative changes in the liver and pancreatic cells.
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Anti-inflammatory of Purple Roselle Extract in Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rahim MAA, Rahim ZHA, Ahmad WAW, Hashim OH. Can Saliva Proteins Be Used to Predict the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction among High-Risk Patients? Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:329-35. [PMID: 25897294 PMCID: PMC4402436 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva plays a pivotal role in digesting food and maintaining oral hygiene. The presence of electrolytes, mucus, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibacterial compounds, and gingival crevicular fluid in saliva ensures the optimum condition of oral cavity and general health condition. Saliva collection has been proven non-invasive, convenient, and inexpensive compared to conventional venipuncture procedure. These distinctive advantages provide a promising potential of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Through comprehensive analysis, an array of salivary proteins and peptides may be beneficial as biomarkers in oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the utility of human salivary proteomes and tabulate the recent salivary biomarkers found in subjects with acute myocardial infarction as well as respective methods employed. In a clinical setting, since acute myocardial infarction contributes to large cases of mortality worldwide, an early intervention using these biomarkers will provide an effective solution to reduce global heart attack incidence particularly among its high-risk group of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The utility of salivary biomarkers will make the prediction of this cardiac event possible due to its reliability hence improve the quality of life of the patients. Current challenges in saliva collection are also addressed to improve the quality of saliva samples and produce robust biomarkers for future use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aizat Abdul Rahim
- 1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 5. Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Haji Abdul Rahim
- 1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- 2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- 3. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 4. University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mossmann M, Wainstein MV, Gonçalves SC, Wainstein RV, Gravina GL, Sangalli M, Veadrigo F, Matte R, Reich R, Costa FG, Bertoluci MC. HOMA-IR is associated with significant angiographic coronary artery disease in non-diabetic, non-obese individuals: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:100. [PMID: 26753001 PMCID: PMC4706182 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insulin resistance is a major component of metabolic syndrome, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Although important in T2DM, its role as a predictor of CAD in non-diabetic patients is less studied. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association of HOMA-IR with significant CAD, determined by coronary angiography in non-obese, non-T2DM patients. We also evaluate the association between 3 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based insulin sensitivity indexes (Matsuda, STUMVOLL-ISI and OGIS) and CAD. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 54 non-obese, non-diabetic individuals referred for coronary angiography due to suspected CAD. CAD was classified as the "anatomic burden score" corresponding to any stenosis equal or larger than 50 % in diameter on the coronary distribution. Patients without lesions were included in No-CAD group. Patients with at least 1 lesion were included in the CAD group. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurements of plasma glucose and serum insulin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min was obtained to calculate insulin sensitivity parameters. HOMA-IR results were ranked and patients were also categorized into insulin resistant (IR) or non-insulin resistant (NIR) if they were respectively above or below the 75th percentile (HOMA-IR > 4.21). The insulin sensitivity tests results were also divided into IR and NIR, respectively below and above each 25th percentile. Chi square was used to study association. Poisson Regression Model was used to compare prevalence ratios between categorized CAD and IR groups. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included in the study. There were 26 patients (48 %) with significant CAD. The presence of clinically significant CAD was significant associated with HOMA-IR above p75 (Chi square 4.103, p = 0.0428) and 71 % of patients with HOMA-IR above p75 had significant CAD. Subjects with CAD had increased prevalence ratio of HOMA-IR above p75 compared to subjects without CAD (PR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.079-2.95; p = 0.024). Matsuda index, Stumvoll-ISI and OGIS index were not associated with significant CAD. We concluded that, in patients without diabetes or obesity, in whom a coronary angiography study is indicated, a single determination of HOMA-IR above 4.21 indicates increased risk for clinical significant coronary disease. The same association was not seen with insulin sensitivity indexes such as Matsuda, Stunvoll-ISI or OGIS. These findings support the need for further longitudinal research using HOMA-IR as a predictor of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Mossmann
- />Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Marco V. Wainstein
- />Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Sandro C. Gonçalves
- />Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V. Wainstein
- />Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Gabriela L. Gravina
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Marlei Sangalli
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Francine Veadrigo
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Roselene Matte
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Rejane Reich
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Costa
- />Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
| | - Marcello C. Bertoluci
- />Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2350, Room 700, Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Brazil
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Straub RH. Insulin resistance, selfish brain, and selfish immune system: an evolutionarily positively selected program used in chronic inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16 Suppl 2:S4. [PMID: 25608958 PMCID: PMC4249495 DOI: 10.1186/ar4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a general phenomenon of many physiological states, disease states, and diseases. IR has been described in diabetes mellitus, obesity, infection, sepsis, trauma, painful states such as postoperative pain and migraine, schizophrenia, major depression, chronic mental stress, and others. In arthritis, abnormalities of glucose homeostasis were described in 1920; and in 1950 combined glucose and insulin tests unmistakably demonstrated IR. The phenomenon is now described in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and others. In chronic inflammatory diseases, cytokine-neutralizing strategies normalize insulin sensitivity. This paper delineates that IR is either based on inflammatory factors (activation of the immune/ repair system) or on the brain (mental activation via stress axes). Due to the selfishness of the immune system and the selfishness of the brain, both can induce IR independent of each other. Consequently, the immune system can block the brain (for example, by sickness behavior) and the brain can block the immune system (for example, stress-induced immune system alterations). Based on considerations of evolutionary medicine, it is discussed that obesity per se is not a disease. Obesity-related IR depends on provoking factors from either the immune system or the brain. Chronic inflammation and/or stress axis activation are thus needed for obesity-related IR. Due to redundant pathways in stimulating IR, a simple one factor-neutralizing strategy might help in chronic inflammatory diseases (inflammation is the key), but not in obesity-related IR. The new considerations towards IR are interrelated to the published theories of IR (thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, and others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Ji Q, Lin Y, Liang Z, Yu K, Liu Y, Fang Z, Liu L, Shi Y, Zeng Q, Chang C, Chai M, Zhou Y. Chemerin is a novel biomarker of acute coronary syndrome but not of stable angina pectoris. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:145. [PMID: 25367628 PMCID: PMC4229596 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence demonstrated that the circulating adipokines were associated with the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As a novel adipokine, chemerin has been related to atherosclerosis and the presence of coronary artery disease. However, the plasma levels of chemerin in patients with ACS have yet to be investigated. METHODS Plasma levels of chemerin and adiponectin were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 60 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 60 patients with UAP, 60 patients with AMI and 40 control patients. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured using a GE ViVid E7 ultrasonography machine, and the severity of coronary stenosis in patients was estimated with a Gensini coronary score following coronary angiography. RESULTS Plasma chemerin levels were significantly higher in ACS patients than in the control and SAP groups, while plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in ACS patients than the control group. A correlation analysis revealed that plasma chemerin levels were positively correlated with the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.29, P < 0.01) and LVEDD (r = 0.27, P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.45, P < 0.01) and that plasma adiponectin levels were positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with CRP (r = -0.33, P < 0.01) and LVEDD (r = -0.30, P < 0.01). Although significant correlations between chemerin, adiponectin and BMI or the Gensini coronary score were found in patients with SAP, neither chemerin nor adiponectin was correlated with BMI and the Gensini coronary score in patients with ACS. Furthermore, both chemerin (OR 1.103, 95% CI 1.065 to 1.142; P = 0.001) and adiponectin (OR 0.871, 95% CI 0.776 to 0.970; P = 0.018) were independently associated with the presence of ACS. CONCLUSIONS Chemerin is a novel biomarker of acute coronary syndrome but not of stable angina pectoris.
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Liu SM, Chen W, Wang J. Distinguishing between cancer cell differentiation and resistance induced by all-trans retinoic acid using transcriptional profiles and functional pathway analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5577. [PMID: 24993014 PMCID: PMC4894425 DOI: 10.1038/srep05577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation in various cell types and has been investigated extensively for its effective use in cancer prevention and treatment. Relapsed or refractory disease that is resistant to ATRA is a clinically significant problem. To identify the molecular mechanism that bridges ATRA differentiation and resistance in cancer, we selected the multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line HL-60[R] by exposing it to ATRA, followed by sequential increases of one-half log concentration. A cytotoxicity analysis revealed that HL-60[R] cells were highly resistant to ATRA, doxorubicin, and etoposide. A comparative genome hybridization analysis of HL-60[R] cells identified gains of 4q34, 9q12, and 19q13 and a loss of Yq12 compared with in the parental HL-60 cell line. Transcriptional profiles and functional pathway analyses further demonstrated that 7 genes (FEN1, RFC5, EXO1, XRCC5, PARP1, POLR2F, and GTF2H3) that were relatively up-regulated in HL-60[R] cells and repressed in cells with ATRA-induced differentiation were related to mismatch repair in eukaryotes, DNA double-strand break repair, and nucleotide excision repair pathways. Our results suggest that transcriptional time series profiles and a functional pathway analysis of drug resistance and ATRA-induced cell differentiation will be useful for identifying promyelocytic leukemia patients who are eligible for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Microarray Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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