1
|
Panduga S, Vasishta S, Subramani R, Vincent S, Mutalik S, Joshi MB. Epidrugs in the clinical management of atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, challenges and promises. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176827. [PMID: 39038635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex and multigenic pathology associated with significant epigenetic reprogramming. Traditional factors (age, sex, obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension) and non-traditional factors (foetal indices, microbiome alteration, clonal hematopoiesis, air pollution, sleep disorders) induce endothelial dysfunction, resulting in reduced vascular tone and increased vascular permeability, inflammation and shear stress. These factors induce paracrine and autocrine interactions between several cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells. Such cellular interactions lead to tissue-specific epigenetic reprogramming regulated by DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, which manifests in atherosclerosis. Our review outlines epigenetic signatures during atherosclerosis, which are viewed as potential clinical biomarkers that may be adopted as new therapeutic targets. Additionally, we emphasize epigenetic modifiers referred to as 'epidrugs' as potential therapeutic molecules to correct gene expression patterns and restore vascular homeostasis during atherosclerosis. Further, we suggest nanomedicine-based strategies involving the use of epidrugs, which may selectively target cells in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and reduce off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Panduga
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India; PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Subramani
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Sthevaan Vincent
- Department of Pathology, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stone J, Mason R, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM. Trace Toxins: The Key Component of a Healthful Diet. Dose Response 2024; 22:15593258241271692. [PMID: 39114768 PMCID: PMC11301730 DOI: 10.1177/15593258241271692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that a vegetable-rich (Mediterranean) diet is associated with health benefits in later life, the mechanisms and biological origins of this benefit are not well established. This review seeks to identify the components a healthful diet that reduce the individual's suffering from non-communicable disease and extend longevity. We note the difference between the claims made for an essential diet (that prevents deficiency syndromes) and those argued for a diet that also prevents or delays non-communicable diseases and ask: what chemicals in our food induce this added resilience, which is effective against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and even cancer? Working in the framework of acquired resilience (tissue resilience induced by a range of stresses), we arguethat the toxins evolved by plants as part of allelopathy (the competition between plant species) are key in making the 'healthful difference'. We further suggest the recognition of a category of micronutrients additional to the established 'micro' categories of vitamins and trace elements and suggest also that the new category be called 'trace toxins'. Implications of these suggestions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Mason
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de Dotation, Clinatec, Grenoble and Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golzarand M, Estaki S, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Sirtfood intake in relation to the 10-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a population-based cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38730457 PMCID: PMC11088046 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuins have an important role in the regulation of metabolic and biological processess. Thus, we hypothesized that foods that could activate sirtuins, known as "sirtfood", may improve health status. So, this study was aimed at investigating the association between the amount of sirtfood intake and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS In this cohort study, 2918 adults who had no history of MACE at the start of the study (2006-2008) participated and were followed up on until 2018. The amount of sirtfoods intake (servings per week) was computed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Each patient's medical records were evaluated to detect MACE. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the association between the amount of sirtfood intake and the risk of MACE. RESULTS The median duration of the study was 10.6 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of MACE was 0.70 for the second (95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.86) for the third tertile of sirtfoods intake compared with the first tertile. This association was nonlinear, and sirtfoods consumption of more than five servings per week did not result in a lower risk of MACE. In addition, there was a significant interaction between age (P-interaction < 0.001) and sirtfoods intake in relation to MACE occurrence. When assessing sirtfood components, compared with the lowest intake, the highest amount of soy (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.99) and parsley (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) intake was related to a lower risk of MACE. CONCLUSION Our results indicated an inverse association between a higher amount of sirtfood intake and a lower risk of MACE incidents. This association was nonlinear, and having more than five servings of sirtfood per week did not reduce the risk of MACE any further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid Arabi St., Yemen St., Chamran Exp., P. O. Box 193954763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saghar Estaki
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid Arabi St., Yemen St., Chamran Exp., P. O. Box 193954763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid Arabi St., Yemen St., Chamran Exp., P. O. Box 193954763, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Shahid Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak-e-qods, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fedorczak A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Sirtuin 1 serum concentration in healthy children - dependence on sex, age, stage of puberty, body weight and diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356612. [PMID: 38529393 PMCID: PMC10961438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to be involved in sensing cellular energy levels and regulating energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate fasting serum SIRT1 levels in healthy children, and to analyse the influence of age, sex, puberty, body weight, height, and diet on its concentration. Methods 47 healthy children aged 4-14 with weight and height within normal range and no chronic disease were included into the study. Fasting serum SIRT1 concentrations were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Results showed that serum SIRT1 concentrations in healthy children did not differ with respect to sex, age, height, weight and puberty. Whereas, it appeared that a higher frequency of fruits, vegetables and dairy products consumption was associated with an increase in serum SIRT1 levels. Discussion Studying SIRT1 in the context of children's health may have implications for a broader understanding of growth processes, pubertal development, metabolic disorders and nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fedorczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mackonochie M, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Mills S, Rolfe V. A Scoping Review of the Clinical Evidence for the Health Benefits of Culinary Doses of Herbs and Spices for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4867. [PMID: 38068725 PMCID: PMC10708057 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health problem. Evidence suggests that diets rich in phytochemical-containing herbs and spices can contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. This review assesses the scope of evidence supporting the use of herbs and spices in the diet for the prevention or treatment of MetS and its associated health conditions. A search of the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was carried out to assess the available clinical evidence for culinary doses of commonly used herbs and spices. Trials that were measuring health factors related to metabolic disorders in healthy individuals, or the health of individuals with MetS or associated diseases, were included. Out of a total of 1738 papers identified, there were 142 relevant studies on black pepper, chilli, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, nigella seed, rosemary, sage and turmeric. No relevant research was found for cloves, mint, oregano, parsley or thyme. Cinnamon, fenugreek and ginger were the herbs/spices with the most published trials on them and that showed promise for glycaemic control. Cardamom appears to have potential to reduce inflammatory markers, and cinnamon, ginger and turmeric to reduce blood lipids. Patients with type 2 diabetes were the population most likely to be included in studies, but the preventative benefits of herbs/spices in healthy populations were also investigated, particularly for chilli, ginger and cinnamon. There is evidence for the beneficial effect of culinary doses of many common herbs/spices in the prevention and treatment of MetS and associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Simon Mills
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
| | - Vivien Rolfe
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shoer S, Shilo S, Godneva A, Ben-Yacov O, Rein M, Wolf BC, Lotan-Pompan M, Bar N, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y, Pilpel Y, Weinberger A, Segal E. Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5384. [PMID: 37666816 PMCID: PMC10477304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial. We find 166 of 2,803 measured features, including oral and gut microbial species and pathways, serum metabolites and cytokines, show significant change in response to a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting diet or the standard of care Mediterranean diet. These changes include established markers of hyperglycemia as well as novel features that can now be investigated as potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate the microbiome mediates the effect of diet on glycemic, metabolic and immune measurements, with gut microbiome compositional change explaining 12.25% of serum metabolites variance. Although the gut microbiome displays greater compositional changes compared to the oral microbiome, the oral microbiome demonstrates more changes at the genetic level, with trends dependent on environmental richness and species prevalence in the population. In conclusion, our study shows dietary interventions can affect the microbiome, cardiometabolic profile and immune response of the host, and that these factors are well associated with each other, and can be harnessed for new therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saar Shoer
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Shilo
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Ben-Yacov
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Rein
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bat Chen Wolf
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Bar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ervin I Weiss
- Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lyubitelev A, Studitsky V. Inhibition of Cancer Development by Natural Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10663. [PMID: 37445850 PMCID: PMC10341686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain one of the main sources of morbidity and mortality around the world. A chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment poses a multitude of challenges, primarily due to the low selectivity and genotoxicity of the majority of chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in the clinical practice, often leading to treatment-induced tumors formation. Highly selective antitumor drugs can largely resolve this issue, but their high selectivity leads to significant drawbacks due to the intrinsic tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, plant polyphenols can simultaneously affect many processes that are involved in the acquiring and maintaining of hallmark properties of malignant cells, and their toxic dose is typically much higher than the therapeutic one. In the present work we describe the mechanisms of the action of polyphenols on cancer cells, including their effects on genetic and epigenetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, and altered microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily Studitsky
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dzidek A, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Żychowska M, Pilch W, Piotrowska A. The Role of Increased Expression of Sirtuin 6 in the Prevention of Premature Aging Pathomechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119655. [PMID: 37298604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, in mammals, are a group of seven enzymes (SIRT1-SIRT7) involved in the post-translational modification of proteins-they are considered longevity proteins. SIRT6, classified as class IV, is located on the cell nucleus; however, its action is also connected with other regions, e.g., mitochondria and cytoplasm. It affects many molecular pathways involved in aging: telomere maintenance, DNA repair, inflammatory processes or glycolysis. A literature search for keywords or phrases was carried out in PubMed and further searches were carried out on the ClinicalTrials.gov website. The role of SIRT6 in both premature and chronological aging has been pointed out. SIRT6 is involved in the regulation of homeostasis-an increase in the protein's activity has been noted in calorie-restriction diets and with significant weight loss, among others. Expression of this protein is also elevated in people who regularly exercise. SIRT6 has been shown to have different effects on inflammation, depending on the cells involved. The protein is considered a factor in phenotypic attachment and the migratory responses of macrophages, thus accelerating the process of wound healing. Furthermore, exogenous substances will affect the expression level of SIRT6: resveratrol, sirtinol, flavonoids, cyanidin, quercetin and others. This study discusses the importance of the role of SIRT6 in aging, metabolic activity, inflammation, the wound healing process and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Dzidek
- Doctoral School of Physical Culture Science, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żychowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Biological Fundation of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wanda Pilch
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martínez-Guardado I, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102371. [PMID: 37242253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reduction in inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, as well as appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it has been established that micronutrients play an important role in counteracting free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on recovery, sports performance, and strategies for using antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, and curcumin to enhance physical and mental well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gencoglu H. Maca modulates fat and liver energy metabolism markers insulin, IRS1, leptin, and SIRT1 in rats fed normal and high-fat diets. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:323-329. [PMID: 32951476 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1821064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maca root extract on insulin, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), leptin, and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), as well as body weight changes evaluated in this study for a 60 days model of normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. 28 male rats allocated to four groups: (i) Control, (ii) Maca (40 mg/kg/day), (iii) HFD, and (iv) HFD + Maca. After the 60 days of study, fat tissue and liver insulin levels decreased in the HFD and HFD + Maca groups in comparison to Control and Maca groups (p < .001). Maca group showed a significant IRS1 increase in the fat tissue (p < .0001). Leptin levels were the highest in the Maca group and the lowest in the HFD group in the fat tissue (p < .01). SIRT1 levels were found the highest in the Maca groups (p < .01). These results show the protective and regulatory effectiveness of Maca when fed with a normal or HFD diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu W, Luo Y, Yin J, Huang M, Luo F. Targeting AMPK signaling by polyphenols: a novel strategy for tackling aging. Food Funct 2023; 14:56-73. [PMID: 36524530 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable biological process and is accompanied by a gradual decline of physiological functions, such as the incidence of age-related diseases. Aging becomes a major burden and challenge for society to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of these age-related diseases. AMPK is a key regulator of intracellular energy and participates in the adaptation of calorie restriction. It is also an important mediator of nutritionally sensitive pathways that regulate the biological effects of nutrient active ingredients. AMPK can limit proliferation and activate autophagy. Recent studies have shown that nutritional intervention can delay aging and lessen age-related diseases in many animal and even human models. Polyphenols function as a natural antidote and are important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in human diets. Polyphenols can prevent age-related diseases because they regulate complex networks of cellular processes such as oxidative damage, inflammation, cellular aging, and autophagy, and have also attracted wide attention as a potential beneficial substance for longevity. In this review, we systemically summarized the progress of targeting AMPK signaling by dietary polyphenols in aging prevention. Polyphenols can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and maintain the steady state of energy. Polyphenols can also modulate sirtuins/NAD+, nutrient-sensing, proteostasis, mitochondrial function, autophagy and senescence via targeting AMPK signaling. Therefore, targeting the AMPK signaling pathway by dietary polyphenols may be a novel anti-aging strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China. .,Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Mengzhen Huang
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dark Chocolate Intake May Reduce Fatigue and Mediate Cognitive Function and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:6021811. [PMID: 36561325 PMCID: PMC9767741 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6021811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dark chocolate has attracted attention for its potential for cognitive improvement. Though some reports indicate that dark chocolate is good for cognitive function, others raise doubts. This inconsistency in past results reflecting the relationship between dark chocolate and cognitive function indicates the potential existence of factors that mediate between dark chocolate intake and cognitive function. Methods With the hypothesis that fatigue may be one such mediating factor, we performed a four-week randomized control study to seek a link between dark chocolate consumption, cognitive function, fatigue, and the brain in middle-aged adults. Results We found that dark chocolate reduced mental and physical fatigue, and a path analysis revealed that it enhanced vitality, executive function, memory, and gray matter volume both directly and indirectly. Fatigue reduction was also associated with an improvement in physical function, which had a positive impact on emotional functioning, relief of bodily pain, and social functioning. Conclusions Our results suggest that dark chocolate may help reduce fatigue in individuals, leading to improvements in brain health and various cognitive functions as well as in quality of life.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Akan OD, Qin D, Guo T, Lin Q, Luo F. Sirtfoods: New Concept Foods, Functions, and Mechanisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192955. [PMID: 36230032 PMCID: PMC9563801 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtfood is a new concept food that compounds diets that can target sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases (enzymes). SIRTs are mediators of calorie restriction (CR) and their activation can achieve some effects similar to CR. SIRTs play essential roles in ameliorating obesity and age-related metabolic diseases. Food ingredients such as resveratrol, piceatannol, anthocyanidin, and quinine are potential modulators of SIRTs. SIRT modulators are involved in autophagy, apoptosis, aging, inflammation, and energy homeostasis. Sirtfood proponents believe that natural Sirtfood recipes exert significant health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otobong Donald Akan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Dandan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-85623240
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Comparison between Dietary Consumption Status and Healthy Dietary Pattern among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132778. [PMID: 35807958 PMCID: PMC9268783 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrition and health of middle-aged and elderly people is crucial to the long-term development of a country. The present study aimed to analyze the dietary consumption status in Chinese adults by using baseline and follow-up data from the community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases between 2018−2020 and selecting those aged 55 and older (n = 23,296). Dividing 65 food items into 17 subgroups on the basis of a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we analyze the consumption amount and consumption rate of foods in relation to wave and sociodemographic factors by employing the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal−Wallis analysis, the Chi-squared test, and the Cochran−Armitage trend test and evaluate food intake status using the Chinese Dietary Guidelines Recommendations (2022). Compared to 2018, the median daily intake of livestock meat, poultry, and eggs increased in 2020 (p < 0.05), while the median daily intake of wheat, other cereals, tubers, legumes, fruits, and fish and seafood decreased (p < 0.05). The proportion of subjects with excessive intake of grain, livestock and poultry, and eggs was 46.3%, 36.6%, and 26.6%, respectively, while the proportion of subjects with insufficient intake of whole grains and mixed beans, tubers, legumes, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood were 98.4%, 80.3%, 74.0%, 94.6%, 94.3%, 75.8%, and 86.5%, respectively, and more than 50% of subjects were non-consumers of dairy products, nuts, and whole grains and mixed beans. In conclusion, the problem of unhealthy dietary structure is prominent among adults aged 55 and older in China; insufficient or excessive intakes of various types of foods are common; and excessive consumption of edible oil and salt remains a serious problem.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pande S, Raisuddin S. The Underexplored Dimensions of Nutritional Hormesis. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:386-394. [PMID: 35723856 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hormesis is biphasic response wherein low and high doses of chemical and nutrient confer beneficial and toxic effects respectively, typically in a U-shaped manner. Hormesis is intricately related to bioenergetic state of a cell, and therefore, nutrition impacts it. Excessive nutrition can halt the endogenous antioxidant synthesis leading to cytotoxic effects. While low and optimum doses of the same bring about hormetic stimulation that can exalt the antioxidant response and reduce susceptibility towards degenerative diseases. The sirtuin family of proteins is triggered by mild stress of calorie restriction and exerts hormesis. Similarly, several phytochemicals and micronutrients are known to bring about health benefits at optimum dose and deleterious effects at high doses. Despite this attribute, nutritional hormesis is not very well researched upon because the magnitude of hormetic effect observed is generally quite modest. There is no precise regulation of optimal intake of certain foods to witness hormesis and no characterization of any biomarker that reports stress responses at various doses above or below optimal intakes. There is a major gap in research between nutrition and hormesis being affected by sirtuin family of proteins, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Mild stress of calorie restriction elevates sirtuin protein and effect of sirtuin protein on hormesis has been recently reported. More foods that enhance sirtuin protein, phytochemicals, and micronutrients need to be explored in relation to hormesis and associated health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gastaldello A, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Navarro-Hortal MD, Aparicio S, García Villena E, Tutusaus Pifarre K, De Giuseppe R, Grosso G, Cianciosi D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Nabavi SM, Battino M. Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102028. [PMID: 35631175 PMCID: PMC9144566 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a serious degenerative disease affecting the eyes, and is the main cause of severe vision loss among people >55 years of age in developed countries. Its onset and progression have been associated with several genetic and lifestyle factors, with diet appearing to play a pivotal role in the latter. In particular, dietary eating patterns rich in plant foods have been shown to lower the risk of developing the disease, and to decrease the odds of progressing to more advanced stages in individuals already burdened with early AMD. We systematically reviewed the literature to analyse the relationship between the adherence to a Mediterranean diet, a mainly plant-based dietary pattern, and the onset/progression of AMD. Eight human observational studies were analysed. Despite some differences, they consistently indicate that higher adherence to a Mediterranean eating pattern lowers the odds of developing AMD and decreases the risk of progression to more advanced stages of the disease, establishing the way for preventative measures emphasizing dietary patterns rich in plant-foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Gastaldello
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.)
| | - José L. Quiles
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - Silvia Aparicio
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza Bairro Kaluanda, Cuito EN 250, Bié, Angola
| | - Eduardo García Villena
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department de Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Kilian Tutusaus Pifarre
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department de Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szklener K, Szklener S, Michalski A, Żak K, Kuryło W, Rejdak K, Mańdziuk S. Dietary Supplements in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A New Hope? Nutrients 2022; 14:625. [PMID: 35276984 PMCID: PMC8838672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the main and most prevalent side effects of chemotherapy, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and the course of chemotherapeutic treatment. Nevertheless, despite its prevalence, the management of the CIPN is considered particularly challenging, with this condition often being perceived as very difficult or even impossible to prevent with currently available agents. Therefore, it is imperative to find better options for patients diagnosed with this condition. While the search for the new agents must continue, another opportunity should be taken into consideration-repurposing of the already known medications. As proposed, acetyl-L-carnitine, vitamins (group B and E), extracts of medical plants, including goshajinkigan, curcumin and others, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the diet composed of so-called "sirtuin-activating foods", could change the typical way of treatment of CIPN, improve the quality of life of patients and maintain the continuity of chemotherapy. This review summarizes currently available data regarding mentioned above agents and evaluates the rationale behind future research focused on their efficacy in CIPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szklener
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Szklener
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Adam Michalski
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.Ż.); (W.K.)
| | - Klaudia Żak
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.Ż.); (W.K.)
| | - Weronika Kuryło
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.Ż.); (W.K.)
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Secci R, Hartmann A, Walter M, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera-Palitschka S, Kowald A, Palmer D, Rimbach G, Fuellen G, Barrantes I. Biomarkers of geroprotection and cardiovascular health: An overview of omics studies and established clinical biomarkers in the context of diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2426-2446. [PMID: 34648415 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1975638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The slowdown, inhibition, or reversal of age-related decline (as a composite of disease, dysfunction, and, ultimately, death) by diet or natural compounds can be defined as dietary geroprotection. While there is no single reliable biomarker to judge the effects of dietary geroprotection, biomarker signatures based on omics (epigenetics, gene expression, microbiome composition) are promising candidates. Recently, omic biomarkers started to supplement established clinical ones such as lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focus on human data. We first summarize the current take on genetic biomarkers based on epidemiological studies. However, most of the remaining biomarkers that we describe, whether omics-based or clinical, are related to intervention studies. Then, because of their promising potential in the context of dietary geroprotection, we focus on the effects of berry-based interventions, which up to now have been mostly described employing clinical markers. We provide an aggregation and tabulation of all the recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses that we could find related to this topic. Finally, we present evidence for the importance of the "nutribiography," that is, the influence that an individual's history of diet and natural compound consumption can have on the effects of dietary geroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Secci
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charite University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera-Palitschka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cappelli K, Ferlisi F, Mecocci S, Maranesi M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Zerani M, Dal Bosco A, Acuti G. Dietary Supplementation of Olive Mill Waste Water Polyphenols in Rabbits: Evaluation of the Potential Effects on Hepatic Apoptosis, Inflammation and Metabolism through RT-qPCR Approach. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2932. [PMID: 34679953 PMCID: PMC8532769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial processing for the production of food or non-food products generates a wide range of by-products and residues rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols. The concentration of these by-products is sometimes higher than in the original raw material as in the case of olive mill waste water (OMWW), one of the main by-products of olive oil extraction. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that regulate the expression of specific inflammatory genes, transcriptional factors and pro/anti-apoptotic molecules, thus modulating the signaling pathways essential for cell health and homeostasis. The liver plays a key role in regulating homeostasis by responding to dietary changes in order to maintain nutritional and physiological states. In this study a nutrigenomic approach was adopted, which focuses on the effects of diet-health-gene interactions and the modulation of cellular processes, in order to evaluate the expression of the genes (AGER, BAX, COX2, IL1B, PPARA, PPARG, SIRT1, TNFA) involved in these interactions in the livers of rabbits fed with a diet supplemented with OMWW (POL) or without supplements (control, CTR). The RT-qPCR analysis showed the down-regulation of SIRT1, TNFA, AGER, BAX and PPARA transcripts in the POL group compared to the CTR group. These results show that OMWW dietary supplementation prevents cell death and tissue deterioration in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Flavia Ferlisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Giacomello E, Toniolo L. The Potential of Calorie Restriction and Calorie Restriction Mimetics in Delaying Aging: Focus on Experimental Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:2346. [PMID: 34371855 PMCID: PMC8308705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined by multiple cellular mechanisms, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, that ultimately concur in the functional decline of the individual. The evidence that the old population is steadily increasing and will triplicate in the next 50 years, together with the fact the elderlies are more prone to develop pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and degenerative disorders, stimulates an important effort in finding specific countermeasures. Calorie restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to modulate nutrient sensing mechanisms, inducing a better metabolic profile, enhanced stress resistance, reduced oxidative stress, and improved inflammatory response. Therefore, CR and CR-mimetics have been suggested as powerful means to slow aging and extend healthy life-span in experimental models and humans. Taking into consideration the difficulties and ethical issues in performing aging research and testing anti-aging interventions in humans, researchers initially need to work with experimental models. The present review reports the major experimental models utilized in the study of CR and CR-mimetics, highlighting their application in the laboratory routine, and their translation to human research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meccariello R, D’Angelo S. Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:507. [PMID: 33805092 PMCID: PMC8064059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dietary Mitophagy Enhancer: A Strategy for Healthy Brain Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100932. [PMID: 33003315 PMCID: PMC7600282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nutritional interventions have received attention as promising approaches to promote human health during a lifespan. The Mediterranean and Okinawan diets have been associated with longevity and decreasing risk for age-related diseases in contrast to the Western diet. The effect might be due to several antioxidative bioactive compounds highly consumed in both diets, namely, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, curcumin, and spermidine. This review aims to address the underlying mechanisms of these compounds to enhance mental fitness throughout life with a focus on brain mitophagy. Mitophagy is the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional, redundant, and aged mitochondria. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitophagy is crucial to preserve the autophagy mechanism of the whole cell, especially during oxidative stress. Growing evidence indicates that curcumin, astaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and spermidine might exert protective functions via antioxidative properties and as well the enhanced induction of mitophagy mediators. The compounds seem to upregulate mitophagy and thereby alleviate the clearance of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria as well as mitogenesis. Thus, the Mediterranean or Okinawan diet could represent a feasible nutritional approach to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive impairment and corresponding disorders via the stimulation of mitophagy and thereby ensure a balanced redox state of brain cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
DanQing L, YuJie G, ChengPeng Z, HongZhi D, Yi H, BiSheng H, Yan C. N-butanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa protects transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans from Aβ-induced toxicity. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1048-1061. [PMID: 32924204 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Rubiaceae) is a widely used and resourceful traditional Chinese medicine that exerts protection against aging and age-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects remain largely unclear. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, of which β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity has been suggested as a main cause. Herein, we use the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176, CL2006, and CL2355 strains, which express human Aβ1-42 peptide, to investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of n-butanol extract of H.diffusa (HDB)-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo. During the experiments, a method of quality control for HDB was established by HPLC. Additionally, we examined the effects of HBD on gene expression changes with qRT-PCR, aggregation of Aβ plagues with thioflavin-S staining, and protein detection with GFP labeling. HDB improved lifespan, locomotion, and stress resistance. Further study showed that HDB decreased paralysis, the accumulation of ROS, and AChE activity. Moreover, HDB suppressed neuronal Aβ-expression-induced defects in chemotaxis behavior and increased SOD activity. HDB also downregulated the Aβ mRNA level and decreased the number of Aβ deposits. Furthermore, HDB increased the expression levels of sod-3, daf-16, hsf-1, and hsp-16.2 gene and upregulated hsp-16.2::GFP and gst-4::GFP expression. Taken together, these results suggest that HDB may protect against Aβ-induced toxicity in C. elegans via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li DanQing
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo YuJie
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang ChengPeng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Du HongZhi
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Huang BiSheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salla M, Pandya V, Bhullar KS, Kerek E, Wong YF, Losch R, Ou J, Aldawsari FS, Velazquez-Martinez C, Thiesen A, Dyck JRB, Hubbard BP, Baksh S. Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Aspirin Hybrid Compounds as Potent Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173849. [PMID: 32847114 PMCID: PMC7503224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial pleiotropic health effects. It is one of the most promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders. One of the key limitations in the clinical use of resveratrol is its extensive metabolic processing to its glucuronides and sulfates. It has been estimated that around 75% of this polyphenol is excreted via feces and urine. To possibly alleviate the extensive metabolic processing and improve bioavailability, we have added segments of acetylsalicylic acid to resveratrol in an attempt to maintain the functional properties of both. We initially characterized resveratrol-aspirin derivatives as products that can inhibit cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) activity, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of how resveratrol and its aspirin derivatives can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, cytokine production, the growth rate of cancer cells, and in vivo alleviate intestinal inflammation and tumor growth. We identified resveratrol derivatives C3 and C11 as closely preserving resveratrol bioactivities of growth inhibition of cancer cells, inhibition of NFκB activation, activation of sirtuin, and 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We speculate that the aspirin derivatives of resveratrol would be more metabolically stable, resulting in increased efficacy for treating immune disorders and as an anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Yoke Fuan Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Robyn Losch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Joe Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Fahad S. Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority Laboratories, 3292 Northern Ring Road, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Velazquez-Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Basil P. Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Member, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., 4560 TEC Centre, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-239-0518
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Toti E, Massaro L, Kais A, Aiello P, Palmery M, Peluso I. Entomophagy: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Value, Safety, Cultural Acceptance and A Focus on the Role of Food Neophobia in Italy. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:628-643. [PMID: 34542524 PMCID: PMC8314277 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of insects, or entomophagy, has produced an increasing interest amongst scientists and ecologists as a potential source of animal protein. Eating insects is also interesting in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions and low land use. In contrast to tropical countries, where most of the 2000 edible insect species are traditionally consumed, the concept of eating insects is still new to Western culture and diet. Culture and eating habits exert a great influence on what is considered edible in the Mediterranean area, especially in Italy, where the preservation of culinary traditions is a predominant factor affecting dietary behaviour. The purpose of this narrative paper is to provide an overview of the main topics related to entomophagy. The introduction presents some information about the nutrient content and safety aspects, the second part summarises the cultural acceptance of insect in the world, while the role of food neophobia on the intention to consume insects in Italy is focused on in part three. The discussion displays important viewpoints of previously published studies and based on these perspectives it can be concluded that the Italian diet is still clearly influenced by local tradition. In conclusion, in order to introduce insects into the Italian diet, psychological motivation has to be enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-51494624
| | - Luca Massaro
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Aisha Kais
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Paola Aiello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pleiotropic Biological Effects of Dietary Phenolic Compounds and their Metabolites on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030596. [PMID: 32013273 PMCID: PMC7037231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sirtuins and SIRT6 in Carcinogenesis and in Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194945. [PMID: 31591350 PMCID: PMC6801518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein lysine modifying enzymes. They are key regulators for a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage and stress response, genome stability, cell survival, metabolism, energy homeostasis, organ development and aging. Aging is one of the major risk factors of cancer, as many of the physiological mechanisms and pathologies associated with the aging process also contribute to tumor initiation, growth and/or metastasis. This review focuses on one the mammalian sirtuins, SIRT6, which has emerged as an important regulator of longevity and appears to have multiple biochemical functions that interfere with tumor development and may be useful in cancer prevention and for site-specific treatment. The recent evidence of the role of SIRT6 in carcinogenesis is also discussed, focusing on the potential use of SIRT6 modulators in cancer nanomedicine.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abdelmegeed MA, Ha SK, Choi Y, Akbar M, Song BJ. Role of CYP2E1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hepatic Injury by Alcohol and Non-Alcoholic Substances. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:207-225. [PMID: 26278393 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two pathological conditions that are spreading worldwide. Both conditions are remarkably similar with regard to the pathophysiological mechanism and progression despite different causes. Oxidative stressinduced mitochondrial dysfunction through post-translational protein modifications and/or mitochondrial DNA damage has been a major risk factor in both AFLD and NAFLD development and progression. Cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), a known important inducer of oxidative radicals in the cells, has been reported to remarkably increase in both AFLD and NAFLD. Interestingly, CYP2E1 isoforms expressed in both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, likely lead to the deleterious consequences in response to alcohol or in conditions of NAFLD after exposure to high fat diet (HFD) and in obesity and diabetes. Whether CYP2E1 in both ER and mitochondria work simultaneously or sequentially in various conditions and whether mitochondrial CYP2E1 may exert more pronounced effects on mitochondrial dysfunction in AFLD and NAFLD are unclear. The aims of this review are to briefly describe the role of CYP2E1 and resultant oxidative stress in promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and the development or progression of AFLD and NAFLD, to shed a light on the function of the mitochondrial CYP2E1 as compared with the ER-associated CYP2E1. We finally discuss translational research opportunities related to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. United States
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The associations of dietary patterns with all-cause mortality and other lifestyle factors in the elderly: An age-specific prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:288-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
32
|
Yang J, Zhou X, Zeng X, Hu O, Yi L, Mi M. Resveratrol attenuates oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating mitochondrial fusion via TyrRS-PARP1 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:9. [PMID: 30733817 PMCID: PMC6354417 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Oxidative stress-induced damage in endothelial cells is a crucial initiator of atherosclerosis (AS), which is highly related to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dynamics. Resveratrol (RSV) exerts beneficial effects against endothelial oxidative injury, while the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of mitochondria dynamics during the anti-oxidative activities of RSV in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to verify whether tyrosyl transfer- RNA synthetase (TyrRS) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) are targeted during this process. Methods HUVECs were exposed to 200 μM of PA for 16 h before treated with 10 μM of RSV for 8 h. Cell viability was detected using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The intracellular ROS level and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were measured using microplate reader and flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were measured using the microplate reader. The mitochondrial morphology and fusion process was observed under transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. TyrRS and PARP1 were knocked down with the specific small interference RNAs (siRNA), and the protein expressions of TyrRS, PARP1, and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) were measured by western blot. Results RSV treatment suppressed the PA-induced injuries in HUVECs, including the damage to cell viability, oxidative stress, and loss of MMP. Additionally, RSV improved the protein levels of MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 as well as inhibited the PA-induced fragmentation of mitochondria. However, the effects of RSV on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fusion were abolished by the pretreatment of siRNAs of TyrRS and PARP1, indicating that these effects of RSV were dependent on the TyrRS-PARP1 pathway. Conclusions RSV attenuated endothelial oxidative injury by regulating mitochondrial fusion via TyrRS-PARP1 signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Hu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30th Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kuryłowicz A, Walkiewicz D, Borkowska J, Owczarz M, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Skalska A, Szybalska A, Mossakowska M. Obesity Paradox in Caucasian Seniors: Results of the PolSenior Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:796-804. [PMID: 31641728 PMCID: PMC6800404 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on general performance and mortality in seniors. DESIGN Cross-sectional multidisciplinary study on ageing of the Polish population. SETTING Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older, selected using three-stage stratified, proportional draw. PARTICIPANTS 4944 Polish Caucasian seniors, aged 65 years or older recruited between October 2007 and October 2010. MEASUREMENTS All study subjects underwent measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and arm circumference (AC). The physical and cognitive performance was evaluated using the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Morbidity data were obtained from a medical questionnaire. Mortality data were obtained from the Population Register of Poland between October 2015 and October 2018. RESULTS Increasing age was associated with a decreased prevalence of obesity (all p<0.001). Higher BMI, WC and AC values were associated with higher ADL and MMSE scores (all p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, all three body measurements in women remained independent predictors of the ADL score (BMI p=0.002, WC p=0.005, AC p<0.001) and MMSE score (p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001). In men, physical functioning was associated with AC (p=0.003), and cognitive status was associated with AC (p<0.001) and BMI (p=0.013). There was no association between general obesity, abdominal obesity, or AC with several aging-related adverse conditions. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that overweight and obesity were associated with the lowest mortality. On multivariate analysis, BMI and AC values remained independent predictors of mortality. In successfully aging individuals, neither BMI, WC, nor AC remained such predictors. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity in Caucasian seniors are not associated with deterioration of physical and cognitive function or with increased mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka, MD, PhD, Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; phone/fax: +48 22 6086591;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Costantino E, Actis AB. Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients in Relation to Inflammation and Particularly to Oral Mucosa Inflammation. A Literature Review. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:718-730. [PMID: 30450980 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1521439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. This review examined the literature on inflammation, mainly referred to the oral mucosa, and its association with dietary FAs and other nutrients. A Pubmed search of studies published in English until June 2018 was carried out. N-3 FAs have shown immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity in certain human diseases. These FAs and their mediators may inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer via multiple mechanisms. Studies on cellular models of murine and human intestinal mucosa indicate association between dietary n-3 FA intake and the inflammatory state of mucosa membranes. Nevertheless scarce information on the association between dietary FAs and oral inflammation could be found. Based on the evidence, we hypothesize that n-3 FAs reduce the oral mucosa inflammation thus decreasing the risk of developing precancerous lesions and cancer. Molecular and clinical studies referred to this topic should be carried out as a contribution to the oral cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Costantino
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Adriana Beatriz Actis
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kühn G, Pallauf K, Schulz C, Birringer M, Diaz-Rica B, de Pascual-Teresa S, Rimbach G. Resveratrol Modulates Desaturase Expression and Fatty Acid Composition of Cultured Hepatocytes. Front Nutr 2018; 5:106. [PMID: 30488034 PMCID: PMC6246710 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether resveratrol (RSV) and its microbial metabolites dihydro-resveratrol (DHR) and lunularin (LUN) affected fatty acid metabolism and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. To this end, cultured human HepG2 hepatocytes were treated with non-toxic concentrations of these polyphenols (40 μM) and Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase (FADS1 and FADS2, respectively) expression was measured. Resveratrol induced both genes but DHR and LUN showed no effect. Co-incubation of RSV with α-linolenic acid (ALA) also induced FADS1 and FADS2 expression. Moreover, transcription of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and fatty acid synthase expression was increased, indicating induction of β-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. Using gas chromatography to measure fatty acid levels, we observed the impact of RSV with and without ALA treatment on fatty acid composition. However, RSV reduced unsaturated while increasing saturated fatty acid levels. We found lower amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (16:1n-7c, 18:1n-9c, 18:1n7c, and 20:1n-9) and n3-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid whereas unsaturated fatty acid levels, especially of stearic acid, were elevated. Of interest, once we co-incubated the cells with RSV together with bovine serum albumin, we found no differences in gene expression compared to cells without RSV treatment. Although we found no positive effect of RSV on n3-PUFA synthesis, the stilbene could possibly prevent cellular stress by decreasing unsaturated fatty acid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Kühn
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pallauf
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,GMA-Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Büsum, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food, and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Beatriz Diaz-Rica
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Franceschi C, Ostan R, Santoro A. Nutrition and Inflammation: Are Centenarians Similar to Individuals on Calorie-Restricted Diets? Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:329-356. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals capable of reaching the extreme limit of human life such as centenarians are characterized by an exceptionally healthy phenotype—that is, a low number of diseases, low blood pressure, optimal metabolic and endocrine parameters, and increased diversity in the gut microbiota—and they are epigenetically younger than their chronological age. We present data suggesting that such a remarkable phenotype is largely similar to that found in adults following a calorie-restricted diet. Interviews with centenarians and historical data on the nutritional and lifestyle habits of Italians during the twentieth century suggest that as children and into adulthood, centenarians lived in an environment that was nonobesogenic, but at the same time the environment did not produce malnutrition. Centenarians appear to be creatures of habit, and we argue that their habit of eating meals at the same time each day favored the maintenance of circadian rhythms, including their sleep cycle. Finally, we argue that centenarians’ chronic inflammatory status, which we dubbed inflammaging, is peculiar, likely adaptive, and less detrimental than in younger people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hanjani NA, Vafa M. Protein Restriction, Epigenetic Diet, Intermittent Fasting as New Approaches for Preventing Age-associated Diseases. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 30050669 PMCID: PMC6036773 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_397_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that diet and eating patterns have a major role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated diseases. Since 1935, calorie restriction (CR) has been identified as one of the most effective nongenetic dietary interventions that can increase lifespan. It involves reducing calorie intake by about 20%–40% below ad libitum, without malnutrition. Restricting food intake has been observed to increase lifespan and prevent many age-associated diseases in rats, mice, and many other species. Understanding the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms involved in the anti-aging effects of CR can help us to find dietary interventions that can mimic its effects. Recently, different studies have shown that intermittent fasting, protein restriction, and an epigenetic diet can have similar effects to those of CR. These approaches were selected because it has been indicated that they act through a similar molecular pathway and also, are safe and effective in delaying or preventing diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic pathway involved in CR. Then, we review the mimicking interventions through the mechanistic approach. For this purpose, we reviewed both animal and human articles, mainly available through the PubMed online database. We then selected the most relevant full texts which are summarized in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Asghari Hanjani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Statistical analysis of human microarray data shows that dietary intervention with n-3 fatty acids, flavonoids and resveratrol enriches for immune response and disease pathways. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:239-249. [PMID: 29345217 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
n-3 Fatty acids, flavonoids and resveratrol are well publicised for their beneficial effects on human health and wellbeing. Identifying common, underlying biological mechanisms targeted by these functional foods would therefore be informative for the public health sector for advising on nutritional health and disease, food and drug product development and consumer interest. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of gene expression changes associated with n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, flavonoids and resveratrol on modifying biological systems and disease pathways. To test this, publicly available human microarray data for significant gene expression changes associated with dietary intervention with EPA/DHA, flavonoids and resveratrol was subjected to pathway analysis and significance testing for overlap with signals from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for common non-communicable diseases and biological functions. There was an enrichment of genes implicated in immune responses and disease pathways which was common to all of the treatment conditions tested. Analysis of biological functions and disease pathways indicated anti-tumorigenic properties for EPA/DHA. In line with this, significance testing of the intersection of genes associated with these functional foods and GWAS hits for common biological functions (ageing and cognition) and non-communicable diseases (breast cancer, CVD, diabesity, neurodegeneration and psychiatric disorders) identified significant overlap between the EPA/DHA and breast cancer gene sets. Dietary intervention with EPA/DHA, flavonoids and resveratrol can target important biological and disease pathways suggesting a potentially important role for these bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of dietary-related diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Staats S, Wagner AE, Kowalewski B, Rieck FT, Soukup ST, Kulling SE, Rimbach G. Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Life Span, Body Composition, Stress Response, and Longevity-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010223. [PMID: 29324667 PMCID: PMC5796172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effect of the stilbene resveratrol on life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and the expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in ageing pathways in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Male and female w1118 D. melanogaster were fed diets based on sucrose, corn meal, and yeast. Flies either received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 500 µmol/L resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol did not affect mean, median, and maximal life span of male and female flies. Furthermore, body composition remained largely unchanged following the resveratrol supplementation. Locomotor activity, as determined by the climbing index, was not significantly different between control and resveratrol-supplemented flies. Resveratrol-fed flies did not exhibit an improved stress response towards hydrogen peroxide as compared to controls. Resveratrol did not change mRNA steady levels of antioxidant (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2) and longevity-related genes, including sirtuin 2, spargel, and I'm Not Dead Yet. Collectively, present data suggest that resveratrol does not affect life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and longevity-associated gene expression in w1118 D. melanogaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Bianca Kowalewski
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Florian T Rieck
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sebastian T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mocciaro G, Ziauddeen N, Godos J, Marranzano M, Chan MY, Ray S. Does a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern exert a cardio-protective effect outside the Mediterranean region? A review of current evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:524-535. [PMID: 29063806 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1391752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests a beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on human health. This has led to a rise in studies investigating the role of the MD in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention outside the region of its origin. We aimed to outline the evolving understanding of the MD and to provide an overview of adherence to MD in non-Mediterranean countries and the modulatory effects of MD on CVD biomarkers. Evidence suggest that MD may exert a protective effect on CVD via ameliorating blood lipid profile and blood pressure. A protective effect of MD was found with regard to left ventricular mass but data on carotid intima media thickness and pulse wave velocity are lacking. The paucity of data does not give a clear picture of the health effects of the MD in non-Mediterranean countries, thus larger and well-designed studies on MD outside the Mediterranean countries are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nida Ziauddeen
- a NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , Cambridge , UK
| | - Justyna Godos
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Marina Marranzano
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Sumantra Ray
- a NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , Cambridge , UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dose-dependent S-allyl cysteine ameliorates multiple sclerosis disease-related pathology by reducing oxidative stress and biomarkers of dysbiosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:266-273. [PMID: 28939293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is a component of the Mediterranean diet. S-allyl cysteine (SAC), the most common organosulphur present in garlic, possesses neuroprotective properties. This investigation was performed to evaluate the dose-dependent protective action of SAC on oxidative damage, inflammation and gut microbiota alterations biomarkers. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) was induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), whose effects were quantified by examining the changes in: clinical score, lipid peroxidation products, carbonylated proteins, glutathione system, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and lipopolysaccharide membrane bacteria (LPS). Our results reveal that MOG induces paralysis, oxidative damage and increases in LPS binding protein (LBP) and LPS levels. In this work, two doses of SAC were compared with two dose of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). SAC was more effective than NAC and it prevented the harmful effects induced by MOG more effectively at the dose of 50mg/kg than that of 18mg/kg. Surprisingly, NAC increases LBP levels while SAC had not such negative effect. In conclusion the data show the ability of SAC to modify EAE evolution.
Collapse
|
42
|
Pande S, Kratasyuk VA, Medvedeva NN, Kolenchukova OA, Salmina AB. Nutritional biomarkers: Current view and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3055-3069. [PMID: 28678523 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1350136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a poor relationship between nutrient intake and existing nutritional biomarkers due to variety of factors affecting their sensitivity and specificity. To explore the impact of nutrients at molecular level and devising a sensitive biomarker, proteomics is a central technology with sirtuins as one of the most promising nutritional biomarker. Sirtuins (seven mammalian sirtuins reported so far) have been reported to perform protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases activity. It is distributed in different cellular compartments thereby controlling several metabolic processes. Sirtuins are oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent, which implicates a direct effect of the metabolic state of the cell on its activity. Calorie restriction upregulates the mammalian sirtuin protein levels in variety of tissues and organs where it acts upon both histone and nonhistone substrates. Sirtuin senses nutrient availability and impacts gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and insulin sensitivity. It deacetylates and inhibits the nuclear receptor that activates fat synthesis and adipogenesis in the body, leading to fat loss and bringing favorable cellular and health changes. Sirtuins mediates intracellular response that promotes cell survival, DNA damage repair thereby increasing the cell longitivity. The activation of sirtuins brings a wide spectrum of other health benefits and its activity levels are indicative of nutritional status as well as disease progression in cancer, inflammation, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. There are several foods that activate sirtuin activity and offer significant health benefits by their consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- a Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics , Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.,b Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky , Krasnoyarsk , Russia
| | - Valentina A Kratasyuk
- a Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics , Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.,c Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS" , Krasnoyarsk , Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Medvedeva
- b Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky , Krasnoyarsk , Russia
| | - Oxana A Kolenchukova
- a Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics , Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.,d Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" , Krasnoyarsk , Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- b Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky , Krasnoyarsk , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Selby-Pham SNB, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR, Ng K, Bennett LE, Howell KS. Dietary Phytochemicals Promote Health by Enhancing Antioxidant Defence in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:E758. [PMID: 28708113 PMCID: PMC5537872 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich diets are protective against chronic diseases and mediate their protective effect by regulation of oxidative stress (OS). However, it is proposed that under some circumstances, phytochemicals can promote production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, which might drive OS-mediated signalling. Here, we investigated the effects of administering single doses of extracts of red cabbage and grape skin to pigs. Blood samples taken at baseline and 30 min intervals for 4 hours following intake were analyzed by measures of antioxidant status in plasma, including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In addition, dose-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by the same extracts was measured in untreated commercial pig plasma in vitro. Plasma from treated pigs showed extract dose-dependent increases in non-enzymatic (plasma TEAC) and enzymatic (GPx) antioxidant capacities. Similarly, extract dose-dependent increases in H₂O₂ were observed in commercial pig plasma in vitro. The antioxidant responses to extracts by treated pigs were highly correlated with their respective yields of H₂O₂ production in vitro. These results support that dietary phytochemicals regulate OS via direct and indirect antioxidant mechanisms. The latter may be attributed to the ability to produce H₂O₂ and to thereby stimulate cellular antioxidant defence systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ken Ng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Louise E Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Kate S Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Flavonoids as Putative Inducers of the Transcription Factors Nrf2, FoxO, and PPAR γ. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4397340. [PMID: 28761622 PMCID: PMC5518529 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4397340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids have been shown to extend the lifespan of some model organisms and may delay the onset of chronic ageing-related diseases. Mechanistically, the effects could be explained by the compounds scavenging free radicals or modulating signalling pathways. Transcription factors Nrf2, FoxO, and PPARγ possibly affect ageing by regulating stress response, adipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. Using Hek-293 cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, we tested the potency of flavonoids from different subclasses (flavonols, flavones, flavanols, and isoflavones) to activate these transcription factors. Under cell-free conditions (ABTS and FRAP assays), we tested their free radical scavenging activities and used α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid as positive controls. Most of the tested flavonoids, but not the antioxidant vitamins, stimulated Nrf2-, FoxO-, and PPARγ-dependent promoter activities. Flavonoids activating Nrf2 also tended to induce a FoxO and PPARγ response. Interestingly, activation patterns of cellular stress response by flavonoids were not mirrored by their activities in ABTS and FRAP assays, which depended mostly on hydroxylation in the flavonoid B ring and, in some cases, extended that of the vitamins. In conclusion, the free radical scavenging properties of flavonoids do not predict whether these molecules can stimulate a cellular response linked to activation of longevity-associated transcription factors.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yamori Y, Sagara M, Arai Y, Kobayashi H, Kishimoto K, Matsuno I, Mori H, Mori M. Soy and fish as features of the Japanese diet and cardiovascular disease risks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176039. [PMID: 28430815 PMCID: PMC5400241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated Cardiovascular Disease and Alimentary Comparison Study, isoflavones (I; biomarker for dietary soy) and taurine (T; biomarker for dietary fish) in 24-hour-urine (24U) were inversely related to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. High levels of these biomarkers are found in Japanese people, whose CHD mortality is lowest among developed countries. We analyzed the association of these biomarkers with cardiovascular disease risk in the Japanese to know their health effects within one ethnic population. First, to compare the Japanese intake of I and T with international intakes, the ratios of 24UI and 24UT to creatinine from the WHO Study were divided into quintiles for analysis. The ratio for the Japanese was the highest in the highest quintiles for both I and T, reaching 88.1%, far higher than the average ratio for the Japanese (26.3%) in the total study population. Second, 553 inhabitants of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, aged 30 to 79 years underwent 24-U collection and blood analyses. The 24UT and 24UI were divided into tertiles and adjusted for age and sex. The highest T tertile, compared with the lowest tertile, showed significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, 24U sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The highest I tertile showed significantly higher folate, 24UNa and 24UK compared with the lowest tertile. The highest tertile of both T and I showed significantly higher HDL-C, folate, and 24UNa and 24UK compared with the lowest tertile. Thus, greater consumption of fish and soy were significantly associated with higher HDL-C and folate levels, possibly a contributor to Japan having the lowest CHD mortality and longest life expectancy among developed countries. As these intakes were also associated with a high intake of salt, a low-salt intake of fish and soy should be recommended for healthy life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Yamori
- Mukogawa Women’s University Institute for World Health Development, Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Preventive Nutritional Medicine, Research Institute for Production and Development, Kyoto, Japan
- Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Sagara
- Laboratory of Preventive Nutritional Medicine, Research Institute for Production and Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arai
- Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kobayashi
- Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kishimoto
- Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Matsuno
- Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Mukogawa Women’s University Institute for World Health Development, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Mukogawa Women’s University Institute for World Health Development, Hyogo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barazzoni R, Deutz N, Biolo G, Bischoff S, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Cuerda C, Delzenne N, Leon Sanz M, Ljungqvist O, Muscaritoli M, Pichard C, Preiser J, Sbraccia P, Singer P, Tappy L, Thorens B, Van Gossum A, Vettor R, Calder P. Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
47
|
Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6469138. [PMID: 28154734 PMCID: PMC5244028 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6469138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. In this narrative review, we will summarize the nutritional interventions evaluated in numerous observational studies and a few randomized clinical trials. The AREDS and AREDS2 studies demonstrated that supplements including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc may reduce the progression to advanced AMD, in some patients, by 25% in five years. This is one of the few nutritional supplements known to have beneficial effects in any eye disease. Lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation may have beneficial effects in some individuals whereas omega-3 fatty acids supplementation needs to be further investigated and supported by more evidence. Genetic factors may explain the different patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. More importantly, a combination of lifestyle behaviors such as the avoidance of smoking, physical activity, and the adoption of a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower prevalence of AMD. The adoption of these lifestyles may reduce the prevalence of the early stages of AMD and decrease the number of individuals who develop advanced AMD and consequently the onerous and climbing costs associated with the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both men and women and has largely been attributed to genetic makeup and lifestyle factors. However, genetic regulation does not fully explain the pathophysiology. Recently, epigenetic regulation, the regulation of the genetic code by modifications that affect the transcription and translation of target genes, has been shown to be important. Silent information regulator-2 proteins or sirtuins are an epigenetic regulator family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), unique in their dependency on coenzyme NAD+, that are postulated to mediate the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, thus promoting longevity by reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and CVD. Emerging evidence shows that SIRT1 is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, has cardioprotective effects and its mechanism of action is attributed to regulation of SIRT1. Incoproation of resveratrol into the diet may be a powerful therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
Collapse
|
50
|
Pazoki-Toroudi H, Amani H, Ajami M, Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Kasi PD, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTOR signaling by polyphenols: A new therapeutic target for ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:55-66. [PMID: 27453478 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current ageing research is aimed not only at the promotion of longevity, but also at improving health span through the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies by investigating molecular and cellular pathways involved in cellular senescence. Understanding the mechanism of action of polyphenolic compounds targeting mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and related pathways opens up new directions to revolutionize ways to slow down the onset and development of age-dependent degeneration. Herein, we will discuss the mechanisms by which polyphenols can delay the molecular pathogenesis of ageing via manipulation or more specifically inhibition of mTOR-signaling pathways. We will also discuss the implications of polyphenols in targeting mTOR and its related pathways on health life span extension and longevity..
Collapse
|